[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":164440},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":2703},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2696,"extension":2697,"meta":2698,"navigation":272,"path":2699,"seo":2700,"stem":2701,"__hash__":2702},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2653},"minimark",[9,19,25,28,38,54,59,191,199,206,211,214,232,235,319,322,341,348,352,355,376,381,384,397,402,405,408,425,428,509,511,529,538,542,551,554,569,571,663,665,721,724,728,731,810,812,834,837,846,852,855,965,967,992,995,1002,1008,1013,1016,1027,1142,1144,1166,1176,1184,1190,1210,1217,1220,1241,1243,1336,1338,1367,1370,1376,1382,1385,1396,1398,1487,1489,1509,1516,1628,1630,1650,1653,1739,1741,1761,1768,1772,1777,1784,1787,1844,1847,1850,1911,1920,1923,1926,1954,1957,2020,2022,2039,2043,2046,2124,2126,2146,2149,2226,2230,2233,2236,2245,2251,2254,2306,2315,2327,2332,2393,2395,2412,2416,2479,2481,2507,2516,2520,2527,2533,2540,2548,2555,2558,2566,2577,2584,2590,2593,2610,2617,2621,2649],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-filter-function-explained","Python ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"filter()"," Function Explained",[20,21,22,24],"p",{},[15,23,17],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,26,27],{},"It takes:",[29,30,31,35],"ul",{},[32,33,34],"li",{},"a function that checks each item",[32,36,37],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,39,40,41,45,46,49,50,53],{},"The result is ",[42,43,44],"strong",{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,47,48],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,51,52],{},"list()"," to see the values.",[55,56,58],"h2",{"id":57},"quick-example","Quick example",[60,61,66],"pre",{"className":62,"code":63,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n","python","",[15,67,68,118,167],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70,73,77,81,85,89,92,95,97,100,102,105,107,110,112,115],"span",{"class":71,"line":72},"line",1,[69,74,76],{"class":75},"su5hD","numbers ",[69,78,80],{"class":79},"smGrS","=",[69,82,84],{"class":83},"sP7_E"," [",[69,86,88],{"class":87},"srdBf","1",[69,90,91],{"class":83},",",[69,93,94],{"class":87}," 2",[69,96,91],{"class":83},[69,98,99],{"class":87}," 3",[69,101,91],{"class":83},[69,103,104],{"class":87}," 4",[69,106,91],{"class":83},[69,108,109],{"class":87}," 5",[69,111,91],{"class":83},[69,113,114],{"class":87}," 6",[69,116,117],{"class":83},"]\n",[69,119,121,124,126,130,133,137,141,144,148,151,153,156,159,161,164],{"class":71,"line":120},2,[69,122,123],{"class":75},"result ",[69,125,80],{"class":79},[69,127,129],{"class":128},"sptTA"," filter",[69,131,132],{"class":83},"(",[69,134,136],{"class":135},"sbsja","lambda",[69,138,140],{"class":139},"sFwrP"," x",[69,142,143],{"class":83},":",[69,145,147],{"class":146},"slqww"," x ",[69,149,150],{"class":79},"%",[69,152,94],{"class":87},[69,154,155],{"class":79}," ==",[69,157,158],{"class":87}," 0",[69,160,91],{"class":83},[69,162,163],{"class":146}," numbers",[69,165,166],{"class":83},")\n",[69,168,170,173,175,179,181,184,187],{"class":71,"line":169},3,[69,171,172],{"class":128},"print",[69,174,132],{"class":83},[69,176,178],{"class":177},"sZMiF","list",[69,180,132],{"class":83},[69,182,183],{"class":146},"result",[69,185,186],{"class":83},"))",[69,188,190],{"class":189},"sutJx","  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,192,193,195,196,198],{},[15,194,17],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,197,52],{}," to see the results.",[55,200,202,203,205],{"id":201},"what-filter-does","What ",[15,204,17],{}," does",[20,207,208,210],{},[15,209,17],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,212,213],{},"That means:",[29,215,216,219,226],{},[32,217,218],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[32,220,221,222,225],{},"if the test returns ",[15,223,224],{},"True",", the item is kept",[32,227,221,228,231],{},[15,229,230],{},"False",", the item is removed",[20,233,234],{},"Example:",[60,236,238],{"className":62,"code":237,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,239,240,268,274,303],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,241,242,244,246,248,250,252,254,256,258,260,262,264,266],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,243,76],{"class":75},[69,245,80],{"class":79},[69,247,84],{"class":83},[69,249,88],{"class":87},[69,251,91],{"class":83},[69,253,94],{"class":87},[69,255,91],{"class":83},[69,257,99],{"class":87},[69,259,91],{"class":83},[69,261,104],{"class":87},[69,263,91],{"class":83},[69,265,109],{"class":87},[69,267,117],{"class":83},[69,269,270],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,271,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},true,"\n",[69,275,276,278,280,282,284,286,288,290,292,295,297,299,301],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,277,123],{"class":75},[69,279,80],{"class":79},[69,281,129],{"class":128},[69,283,132],{"class":83},[69,285,136],{"class":135},[69,287,140],{"class":139},[69,289,143],{"class":83},[69,291,147],{"class":146},[69,293,294],{"class":79},">",[69,296,99],{"class":87},[69,298,91],{"class":83},[69,300,163],{"class":146},[69,302,166],{"class":83},[69,304,306,308,310,312,314,316],{"class":71,"line":305},4,[69,307,172],{"class":128},[69,309,132],{"class":83},[69,311,178],{"class":177},[69,313,132],{"class":83},[69,315,183],{"class":146},[69,317,318],{"class":83},"))\n",[20,320,321],{},"Output:",[60,323,325],{"className":62,"code":324,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[4, 5]\n",[15,326,327],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,328,329,332,335,337,339],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,330,331],{"class":83},"[",[69,333,334],{"class":87},"4",[69,336,91],{"class":83},[69,338,109],{"class":87},[69,340,117],{"class":83},[20,342,343,344,347],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,345,346],{},"3"," are kept.",[55,349,351],{"id":350},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,353,354],{},"The syntax is:",[60,356,358],{"className":62,"code":357,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,359,360],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,361,362,364,366,369,371,374],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,363,48],{"class":128},[69,365,132],{"class":83},[69,367,368],{"class":146},"function",[69,370,91],{"class":83},[69,372,373],{"class":146}," iterable",[69,375,166],{"class":83},[377,378,379],"h3",{"id":368},[15,380,368],{},[20,382,383],{},"This is the test function.",[29,385,386,389],{},[32,387,388],{},"It receives one item at a time",[32,390,391,392,394,395],{},"It should return ",[15,393,224],{}," or ",[15,396,230],{},[377,398,400],{"id":399},"iterable",[15,401,399],{},[20,403,404],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,406,407],{},"It can be:",[29,409,410,413,416,419,422],{},[32,411,412],{},"a list",[32,414,415],{},"a tuple",[32,417,418],{},"a string",[32,420,421],{},"a set",[32,423,424],{},"another iterable object",[20,426,427],{},"Example with a tuple:",[60,429,431],{"className":62,"code":430,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,432,433,462,466,495],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,434,435,437,439,442,445,447,450,452,455,457,460],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,436,76],{"class":75},[69,438,80],{"class":79},[69,440,441],{"class":83}," (",[69,443,444],{"class":87},"10",[69,446,91],{"class":83},[69,448,449],{"class":87}," 15",[69,451,91],{"class":83},[69,453,454],{"class":87}," 20",[69,456,91],{"class":83},[69,458,459],{"class":87}," 25",[69,461,166],{"class":83},[69,463,464],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,465,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,467,468,470,472,474,476,478,480,482,484,487,489,491,493],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,469,123],{"class":75},[69,471,80],{"class":79},[69,473,129],{"class":128},[69,475,132],{"class":83},[69,477,136],{"class":135},[69,479,140],{"class":139},[69,481,143],{"class":83},[69,483,147],{"class":146},[69,485,486],{"class":79},">=",[69,488,454],{"class":87},[69,490,91],{"class":83},[69,492,163],{"class":146},[69,494,166],{"class":83},[69,496,497,499,501,503,505,507],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,498,172],{"class":128},[69,500,132],{"class":83},[69,502,178],{"class":177},[69,504,132],{"class":83},[69,506,183],{"class":146},[69,508,318],{"class":83},[20,510,321],{},[60,512,514],{"className":62,"code":513,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[20, 25]\n",[15,515,516],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,517,518,520,523,525,527],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,519,331],{"class":83},[69,521,522],{"class":87},"20",[69,524,91],{"class":83},[69,526,459],{"class":87},[69,528,117],{"class":83},[20,530,531,532,537],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[533,534,536],"a",{"href":535},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F","iterators and iterable objects explained",".",[55,539,541],{"id":540},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,543,544,545,547,548,537],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,546,17],{}," returns a ",[42,549,550],{},"filter object",[20,552,553],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[29,555,556,559,564],{},[32,557,558],{},"loop through it",[32,560,561,562],{},"convert it with ",[15,563,52],{},[32,565,561,566],{},[15,567,568],{},"tuple()",[20,570,234],{},[60,572,574],{"className":62,"code":573,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,575,576,619,623,633,648],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,577,578,580,582,584,586,588,590,592,594,596,598,600,602,604,606,608,610,612,614,616],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,579,123],{"class":75},[69,581,80],{"class":79},[69,583,129],{"class":128},[69,585,132],{"class":83},[69,587,136],{"class":135},[69,589,140],{"class":139},[69,591,143],{"class":83},[69,593,147],{"class":146},[69,595,294],{"class":79},[69,597,94],{"class":87},[69,599,91],{"class":83},[69,601,84],{"class":83},[69,603,88],{"class":87},[69,605,91],{"class":83},[69,607,94],{"class":87},[69,609,91],{"class":83},[69,611,99],{"class":87},[69,613,91],{"class":83},[69,615,104],{"class":87},[69,617,618],{"class":83},"])\n",[69,620,621],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,622,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,624,625,627,629,631],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,626,172],{"class":128},[69,628,132],{"class":83},[69,630,183],{"class":146},[69,632,166],{"class":83},[69,634,635,637,639,642,644,646],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,636,172],{"class":128},[69,638,132],{"class":83},[69,640,641],{"class":177},"type",[69,643,132],{"class":83},[69,645,183],{"class":146},[69,647,318],{"class":83},[69,649,651,653,655,657,659,661],{"class":71,"line":650},5,[69,652,172],{"class":128},[69,654,132],{"class":83},[69,656,178],{"class":177},[69,658,132],{"class":83},[69,660,183],{"class":146},[69,662,318],{"class":83},[20,664,321],{},[60,666,668],{"className":62,"code":667,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,669,670,690,709],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,671,672,675,677,680,683,687],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,673,674],{"class":79},"\u003C",[69,676,48],{"class":128},[69,678,679],{"class":177}," object",[69,681,682],{"class":75}," at ",[69,684,686],{"class":685},"s_hVV","...",[69,688,689],{"class":79},">\n",[69,691,692,694,697,701,704,707],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,693,674],{"class":79},[69,695,696],{"class":135},"class",[69,698,700],{"class":699},"sjJ54"," '",[69,702,48],{"class":703},"s_sjI",[69,705,706],{"class":699},"'",[69,708,689],{"class":79},[69,710,711,713,715,717,719],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,712,331],{"class":83},[69,714,346],{"class":87},[69,716,91],{"class":83},[69,718,104],{"class":87},[69,720,117],{"class":83},[20,722,723],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[377,725,727],{"id":726},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,729,730],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[60,732,734],{"className":62,"code":733,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,735,736,778,782,796],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,737,738,740,742,744,746,748,750,752,754,756,758,760,762,764,766,768,770,772,774,776],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,739,123],{"class":75},[69,741,80],{"class":79},[69,743,129],{"class":128},[69,745,132],{"class":83},[69,747,136],{"class":135},[69,749,140],{"class":139},[69,751,143],{"class":83},[69,753,147],{"class":146},[69,755,294],{"class":79},[69,757,94],{"class":87},[69,759,91],{"class":83},[69,761,84],{"class":83},[69,763,88],{"class":87},[69,765,91],{"class":83},[69,767,94],{"class":87},[69,769,91],{"class":83},[69,771,99],{"class":87},[69,773,91],{"class":83},[69,775,104],{"class":87},[69,777,618],{"class":83},[69,779,780],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,781,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,783,784,786,788,790,792,794],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,785,172],{"class":128},[69,787,132],{"class":83},[69,789,178],{"class":177},[69,791,132],{"class":83},[69,793,183],{"class":146},[69,795,318],{"class":83},[69,797,798,800,802,804,806,808],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,799,172],{"class":128},[69,801,132],{"class":83},[69,803,178],{"class":177},[69,805,132],{"class":83},[69,807,183],{"class":146},[69,809,318],{"class":83},[20,811,321],{},[60,813,815],{"className":62,"code":814,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,816,817,829],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,818,819,821,823,825,827],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,820,331],{"class":83},[69,822,346],{"class":87},[69,824,91],{"class":83},[69,826,104],{"class":87},[69,828,117],{"class":83},[69,830,831],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,832,833],{"class":83},"[]\n",[20,835,836],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[55,838,840,841,843,844],{"id":839},"using-filter-with-lambda","Using ",[15,842,17],{}," with ",[15,845,136],{},[20,847,848,849,851],{},"A ",[15,850,136],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,853,854],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[60,856,858],{"className":62,"code":857,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,859,860,907,911,951],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,861,862,865,867,869,872,875,877,879,882,885,887,889,891,894,896,898,900,903,905],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,863,864],{"class":75},"words ",[69,866,80],{"class":79},[69,868,84],{"class":83},[69,870,871],{"class":699},"\"",[69,873,874],{"class":703},"apple",[69,876,871],{"class":699},[69,878,91],{"class":83},[69,880,881],{"class":699}," \"",[69,883,884],{"class":703},"kiwi",[69,886,871],{"class":699},[69,888,91],{"class":83},[69,890,881],{"class":699},[69,892,893],{"class":703},"banana",[69,895,871],{"class":699},[69,897,91],{"class":83},[69,899,881],{"class":699},[69,901,902],{"class":703},"fig",[69,904,871],{"class":699},[69,906,117],{"class":83},[69,908,909],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,910,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,912,913,915,917,919,921,923,926,928,931,933,936,939,942,944,946,949],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,914,123],{"class":75},[69,916,80],{"class":79},[69,918,129],{"class":128},[69,920,132],{"class":83},[69,922,136],{"class":135},[69,924,925],{"class":139}," word",[69,927,143],{"class":83},[69,929,930],{"class":128}," len",[69,932,132],{"class":83},[69,934,935],{"class":146},"word",[69,937,938],{"class":83},")",[69,940,941],{"class":79}," >",[69,943,104],{"class":87},[69,945,91],{"class":83},[69,947,948],{"class":146}," words",[69,950,166],{"class":83},[69,952,953,955,957,959,961,963],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,954,172],{"class":128},[69,956,132],{"class":83},[69,958,178],{"class":177},[69,960,132],{"class":83},[69,962,183],{"class":146},[69,964,318],{"class":83},[20,966,321],{},[60,968,970],{"className":62,"code":969,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,971,972],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,973,974,976,978,980,982,984,986,988,990],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,975,331],{"class":83},[69,977,706],{"class":699},[69,979,874],{"class":703},[69,981,706],{"class":699},[69,983,91],{"class":83},[69,985,700],{"class":699},[69,987,893],{"class":703},[69,989,706],{"class":699},[69,991,117],{"class":83},[20,993,994],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,996,997,998,537],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[533,999,1001],{"href":1000},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[55,1003,840,1005,1007],{"id":1004},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,1006,17],{}," with a named function",[20,1009,1010,1011,537],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,1012,136],{},[20,1014,1015],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[29,1017,1018,1021,1024],{},[32,1019,1020],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[32,1022,1023],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[32,1025,1026],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[60,1028,1030],{"className":62,"code":1029,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,1031,1032,1049,1067,1071,1103,1122,1127],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1033,1034,1037,1041,1043,1046],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1035,1036],{"class":135},"def",[69,1038,1040],{"class":1039},"sGLFI"," is_even",[69,1042,132],{"class":83},[69,1044,1045],{"class":139},"number",[69,1047,1048],{"class":83},"):\n",[69,1050,1051,1055,1058,1060,1062,1064],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,1052,1054],{"class":1053},"sVHd0","    return",[69,1056,1057],{"class":75}," number ",[69,1059,150],{"class":79},[69,1061,94],{"class":87},[69,1063,155],{"class":79},[69,1065,1066],{"class":87}," 0\n",[69,1068,1069],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,1070,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,1072,1073,1075,1077,1079,1081,1083,1085,1087,1089,1091,1093,1095,1097,1099,1101],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,1074,76],{"class":75},[69,1076,80],{"class":79},[69,1078,84],{"class":83},[69,1080,88],{"class":87},[69,1082,91],{"class":83},[69,1084,94],{"class":87},[69,1086,91],{"class":83},[69,1088,99],{"class":87},[69,1090,91],{"class":83},[69,1092,104],{"class":87},[69,1094,91],{"class":83},[69,1096,109],{"class":87},[69,1098,91],{"class":83},[69,1100,114],{"class":87},[69,1102,117],{"class":83},[69,1104,1105,1107,1109,1111,1113,1116,1118,1120],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,1106,123],{"class":75},[69,1108,80],{"class":79},[69,1110,129],{"class":128},[69,1112,132],{"class":83},[69,1114,1115],{"class":146},"is_even",[69,1117,91],{"class":83},[69,1119,163],{"class":146},[69,1121,166],{"class":83},[69,1123,1125],{"class":71,"line":1124},6,[69,1126,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,1128,1130,1132,1134,1136,1138,1140],{"class":71,"line":1129},7,[69,1131,172],{"class":128},[69,1133,132],{"class":83},[69,1135,178],{"class":177},[69,1137,132],{"class":83},[69,1139,183],{"class":146},[69,1141,318],{"class":83},[20,1143,321],{},[60,1145,1147],{"className":62,"code":1146,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,1148,1149],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1150,1151,1153,1156,1158,1160,1162,1164],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1152,331],{"class":83},[69,1154,1155],{"class":87},"2",[69,1157,91],{"class":83},[69,1159,104],{"class":87},[69,1161,91],{"class":83},[69,1163,114],{"class":87},[69,1165,117],{"class":83},[20,1167,1168,1169,1172,1173,1175],{},"Here, ",[15,1170,1171],{},"is_even()"," returns ",[15,1174,224],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[55,1177,840,1179,843,1182],{"id":1178},"using-none-with-filter",[15,1180,1181],{},"None",[15,1183,17],{},[20,1185,1186,1187,1189],{},"You can pass ",[15,1188,1181],{}," as the first argument:",[60,1191,1193],{"className":62,"code":1192,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,1194,1195],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1196,1197,1199,1201,1204,1206,1208],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1198,48],{"class":128},[69,1200,132],{"class":83},[69,1202,1181],{"class":1203},"s39Yj",[69,1205,91],{"class":83},[69,1207,373],{"class":146},[69,1209,166],{"class":83},[20,1211,1212,1213,1216],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[42,1214,1215],{},"falsy"," values.",[20,1218,1219],{},"Falsy values include:",[29,1221,1222,1227,1233,1237],{},[32,1223,1224],{},[15,1225,1226],{},"0",[32,1228,1229,1232],{},[15,1230,1231],{},"''"," (empty string)",[32,1234,1235],{},[15,1236,1181],{},[32,1238,1239],{},[15,1240,230],{},[20,1242,234],{},[60,1244,1246],{"className":62,"code":1245,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,1247,1248,1299,1303,1322],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1249,1250,1253,1255,1257,1259,1261,1264,1266,1269,1271,1273,1276,1278,1280,1283,1285,1288,1290,1293,1295,1297],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1251,1252],{"class":75},"items ",[69,1254,80],{"class":79},[69,1256,84],{"class":83},[69,1258,1226],{"class":87},[69,1260,91],{"class":83},[69,1262,1263],{"class":87}," 1",[69,1265,91],{"class":83},[69,1267,1268],{"class":699}," \"\"",[69,1270,91],{"class":83},[69,1272,881],{"class":699},[69,1274,1275],{"class":703},"hello",[69,1277,871],{"class":699},[69,1279,91],{"class":83},[69,1281,1282],{"class":1203}," None",[69,1284,91],{"class":83},[69,1286,1287],{"class":1203}," True",[69,1289,91],{"class":83},[69,1291,1292],{"class":1203}," False",[69,1294,91],{"class":83},[69,1296,109],{"class":87},[69,1298,117],{"class":83},[69,1300,1301],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,1302,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,1304,1305,1307,1309,1311,1313,1315,1317,1320],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,1306,123],{"class":75},[69,1308,80],{"class":79},[69,1310,129],{"class":128},[69,1312,132],{"class":83},[69,1314,1181],{"class":1203},[69,1316,91],{"class":83},[69,1318,1319],{"class":146}," items",[69,1321,166],{"class":83},[69,1323,1324,1326,1328,1330,1332,1334],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,1325,172],{"class":128},[69,1327,132],{"class":83},[69,1329,178],{"class":177},[69,1331,132],{"class":83},[69,1333,183],{"class":146},[69,1335,318],{"class":83},[20,1337,321],{},[60,1339,1341],{"className":62,"code":1340,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,1342,1343],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1344,1345,1347,1349,1351,1353,1355,1357,1359,1361,1363,1365],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1346,331],{"class":83},[69,1348,88],{"class":87},[69,1350,91],{"class":83},[69,1352,700],{"class":699},[69,1354,1275],{"class":703},[69,1356,706],{"class":699},[69,1358,91],{"class":83},[69,1360,1287],{"class":1203},[69,1362,91],{"class":83},[69,1364,109],{"class":87},[69,1366,117],{"class":83},[20,1368,1369],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[55,1371,1373,1374],{"id":1372},"when-to-use-filter","When to use ",[15,1375,17],{},[20,1377,1378,1379,1381],{},"Use ",[15,1380,17],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,1383,1384],{},"It works well for:",[29,1386,1387,1390,1393],{},[32,1388,1389],{},"simple filtering rules",[32,1391,1392],{},"quick data cleaning",[32,1394,1395],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,1397,234],{},[60,1399,1401],{"className":62,"code":1400,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,1402,1403,1435,1468,1472],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1404,1405,1407,1409,1411,1413,1415,1417,1419,1421,1423,1425,1427,1429,1431,1433],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1406,76],{"class":75},[69,1408,80],{"class":79},[69,1410,84],{"class":83},[69,1412,88],{"class":87},[69,1414,91],{"class":83},[69,1416,94],{"class":87},[69,1418,91],{"class":83},[69,1420,99],{"class":87},[69,1422,91],{"class":83},[69,1424,104],{"class":87},[69,1426,91],{"class":83},[69,1428,109],{"class":87},[69,1430,91],{"class":83},[69,1432,114],{"class":87},[69,1434,117],{"class":83},[69,1436,1437,1440,1442,1444,1446,1448,1450,1452,1454,1456,1458,1460,1462,1464,1466],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,1438,1439],{"class":75},"evens ",[69,1441,80],{"class":79},[69,1443,129],{"class":128},[69,1445,132],{"class":83},[69,1447,136],{"class":135},[69,1449,140],{"class":139},[69,1451,143],{"class":83},[69,1453,147],{"class":146},[69,1455,150],{"class":79},[69,1457,94],{"class":87},[69,1459,155],{"class":79},[69,1461,158],{"class":87},[69,1463,91],{"class":83},[69,1465,163],{"class":146},[69,1467,166],{"class":83},[69,1469,1470],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,1471,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,1473,1474,1476,1478,1480,1482,1485],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,1475,172],{"class":128},[69,1477,132],{"class":83},[69,1479,178],{"class":177},[69,1481,132],{"class":83},[69,1483,1484],{"class":146},"evens",[69,1486,318],{"class":83},[20,1488,321],{},[60,1490,1491],{"className":62,"code":1146,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,1492,1493],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1494,1495,1497,1499,1501,1503,1505,1507],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1496,331],{"class":83},[69,1498,1155],{"class":87},[69,1500,91],{"class":83},[69,1502,104],{"class":87},[69,1504,91],{"class":83},[69,1506,114],{"class":87},[69,1508,117],{"class":83},[20,1510,1511,1512,1515],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,1513,1514],{},"for"," loop may be easier to understand.",[60,1517,1519],{"className":62,"code":1518,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,1520,1521,1553,1562,1566,1580,1597,1613,1617],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1522,1523,1525,1527,1529,1531,1533,1535,1537,1539,1541,1543,1545,1547,1549,1551],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1524,76],{"class":75},[69,1526,80],{"class":79},[69,1528,84],{"class":83},[69,1530,88],{"class":87},[69,1532,91],{"class":83},[69,1534,94],{"class":87},[69,1536,91],{"class":83},[69,1538,99],{"class":87},[69,1540,91],{"class":83},[69,1542,104],{"class":87},[69,1544,91],{"class":83},[69,1546,109],{"class":87},[69,1548,91],{"class":83},[69,1550,114],{"class":87},[69,1552,117],{"class":83},[69,1554,1555,1557,1559],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,1556,1439],{"class":75},[69,1558,80],{"class":79},[69,1560,1561],{"class":83}," []\n",[69,1563,1564],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,1565,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,1567,1568,1570,1572,1575,1577],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,1569,1514],{"class":1053},[69,1571,1057],{"class":75},[69,1573,1574],{"class":1053},"in",[69,1576,163],{"class":75},[69,1578,1579],{"class":83},":\n",[69,1581,1582,1585,1587,1589,1591,1593,1595],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,1583,1584],{"class":1053},"    if",[69,1586,1057],{"class":75},[69,1588,150],{"class":79},[69,1590,94],{"class":87},[69,1592,155],{"class":79},[69,1594,158],{"class":87},[69,1596,1579],{"class":83},[69,1598,1599,1602,1604,1607,1609,1611],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,1600,1601],{"class":75},"        evens",[69,1603,537],{"class":83},[69,1605,1606],{"class":146},"append",[69,1608,132],{"class":83},[69,1610,1045],{"class":146},[69,1612,166],{"class":83},[69,1614,1615],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,1616,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,1618,1620,1622,1624,1626],{"class":71,"line":1619},8,[69,1621,172],{"class":128},[69,1623,132],{"class":83},[69,1625,1484],{"class":146},[69,1627,166],{"class":83},[20,1629,321],{},[60,1631,1632],{"className":62,"code":1146,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,1633,1634],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1635,1636,1638,1640,1642,1644,1646,1648],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1637,331],{"class":83},[69,1639,1155],{"class":87},[69,1641,91],{"class":83},[69,1643,104],{"class":87},[69,1645,91],{"class":83},[69,1647,114],{"class":87},[69,1649,117],{"class":83},[20,1651,1652],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[60,1654,1656],{"className":62,"code":1655,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,1657,1658,1690,1725,1729],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1659,1660,1662,1664,1666,1668,1670,1672,1674,1676,1678,1680,1682,1684,1686,1688],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1661,76],{"class":75},[69,1663,80],{"class":79},[69,1665,84],{"class":83},[69,1667,88],{"class":87},[69,1669,91],{"class":83},[69,1671,94],{"class":87},[69,1673,91],{"class":83},[69,1675,99],{"class":87},[69,1677,91],{"class":83},[69,1679,104],{"class":87},[69,1681,91],{"class":83},[69,1683,109],{"class":87},[69,1685,91],{"class":83},[69,1687,114],{"class":87},[69,1689,117],{"class":83},[69,1691,1692,1694,1696,1698,1701,1703,1705,1707,1710,1713,1715,1717,1719,1721,1723],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,1693,1439],{"class":75},[69,1695,80],{"class":79},[69,1697,84],{"class":83},[69,1699,1700],{"class":75},"number ",[69,1702,1514],{"class":1053},[69,1704,1057],{"class":75},[69,1706,1574],{"class":1053},[69,1708,1709],{"class":75}," numbers ",[69,1711,1712],{"class":1053},"if",[69,1714,1057],{"class":75},[69,1716,150],{"class":79},[69,1718,94],{"class":87},[69,1720,155],{"class":79},[69,1722,158],{"class":87},[69,1724,117],{"class":83},[69,1726,1727],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,1728,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,1730,1731,1733,1735,1737],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,1732,172],{"class":128},[69,1734,132],{"class":83},[69,1736,1484],{"class":146},[69,1738,166],{"class":83},[20,1740,321],{},[60,1742,1743],{"className":62,"code":1146,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,1744,1745],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1746,1747,1749,1751,1753,1755,1757,1759],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1748,331],{"class":83},[69,1750,1155],{"class":87},[69,1752,91],{"class":83},[69,1754,104],{"class":87},[69,1756,91],{"class":83},[69,1758,114],{"class":87},[69,1760,117],{"class":83},[20,1762,1763,1764,537],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[533,1765,1767],{"href":1766},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[55,1769,1771],{"id":1770},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1773,1774,1775,537],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,1776,17],{},[377,1778,1780,1781,1783],{"id":1779},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list","Expecting ",[15,1782,17],{}," to return a list",[20,1785,1786],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[60,1788,1790],{"className":62,"code":1789,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,1791,1792,1834],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1793,1794,1796,1798,1800,1802,1804,1806,1808,1810,1812,1814,1816,1818,1820,1822,1824,1826,1828,1830,1832],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1795,123],{"class":75},[69,1797,80],{"class":79},[69,1799,129],{"class":128},[69,1801,132],{"class":83},[69,1803,136],{"class":135},[69,1805,140],{"class":139},[69,1807,143],{"class":83},[69,1809,147],{"class":146},[69,1811,294],{"class":79},[69,1813,94],{"class":87},[69,1815,91],{"class":83},[69,1817,84],{"class":83},[69,1819,88],{"class":87},[69,1821,91],{"class":83},[69,1823,94],{"class":87},[69,1825,91],{"class":83},[69,1827,99],{"class":87},[69,1829,91],{"class":83},[69,1831,104],{"class":87},[69,1833,618],{"class":83},[69,1835,1836,1838,1840,1842],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,1837,172],{"class":128},[69,1839,132],{"class":83},[69,1841,183],{"class":146},[69,1843,166],{"class":83},[20,1845,1846],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,1848,1849],{},"Fix:",[60,1851,1853],{"className":62,"code":1852,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,1854,1855,1897],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1856,1857,1859,1861,1863,1865,1867,1869,1871,1873,1875,1877,1879,1881,1883,1885,1887,1889,1891,1893,1895],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1858,123],{"class":75},[69,1860,80],{"class":79},[69,1862,129],{"class":128},[69,1864,132],{"class":83},[69,1866,136],{"class":135},[69,1868,140],{"class":139},[69,1870,143],{"class":83},[69,1872,147],{"class":146},[69,1874,294],{"class":79},[69,1876,94],{"class":87},[69,1878,91],{"class":83},[69,1880,84],{"class":83},[69,1882,88],{"class":87},[69,1884,91],{"class":83},[69,1886,94],{"class":87},[69,1888,91],{"class":83},[69,1890,99],{"class":87},[69,1892,91],{"class":83},[69,1894,104],{"class":87},[69,1896,618],{"class":83},[69,1898,1899,1901,1903,1905,1907,1909],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,1900,172],{"class":128},[69,1902,132],{"class":83},[69,1904,178],{"class":177},[69,1906,132],{"class":83},[69,1908,183],{"class":146},[69,1910,318],{"class":83},[377,1912,1914,1915,394,1917,1919],{"id":1913},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,1916,224],{},[15,1918,230],{}," clearly",[20,1921,1922],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,1924,1925],{},"Good example:",[60,1927,1929],{"className":62,"code":1928,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,1930,1931,1944],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1932,1933,1935,1938,1940,1942],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1934,1036],{"class":135},[69,1936,1937],{"class":1039}," is_positive",[69,1939,132],{"class":83},[69,1941,1045],{"class":139},[69,1943,1048],{"class":83},[69,1945,1946,1948,1950,1952],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,1947,1054],{"class":1053},[69,1949,1057],{"class":75},[69,1951,294],{"class":79},[69,1953,1066],{"class":87},[20,1955,1956],{},"Then use it with:",[60,1958,1960],{"className":62,"code":1959,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,1961,1962,1996],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,1963,1964,1966,1968,1970,1973,1975,1977,1980,1982,1984,1986,1988,1990,1992,1994],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,1965,76],{"class":75},[69,1967,80],{"class":79},[69,1969,84],{"class":83},[69,1971,1972],{"class":79},"-",[69,1974,1155],{"class":87},[69,1976,91],{"class":83},[69,1978,1979],{"class":79}," -",[69,1981,88],{"class":87},[69,1983,91],{"class":83},[69,1985,158],{"class":87},[69,1987,91],{"class":83},[69,1989,1263],{"class":87},[69,1991,91],{"class":83},[69,1993,94],{"class":87},[69,1995,117],{"class":83},[69,1997,1998,2000,2002,2004,2006,2008,2010,2013,2015,2017],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,1999,172],{"class":128},[69,2001,132],{"class":83},[69,2003,178],{"class":177},[69,2005,132],{"class":83},[69,2007,48],{"class":128},[69,2009,132],{"class":83},[69,2011,2012],{"class":146},"is_positive",[69,2014,91],{"class":83},[69,2016,163],{"class":146},[69,2018,2019],{"class":83},")))\n",[20,2021,321],{},[60,2023,2025],{"className":62,"code":2024,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2]\n",[15,2026,2027],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2028,2029,2031,2033,2035,2037],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2030,331],{"class":83},[69,2032,88],{"class":87},[69,2034,91],{"class":83},[69,2036,94],{"class":87},[69,2038,117],{"class":83},[377,2040,2042],{"id":2041},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,2044,2045],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[60,2047,2048],{"className":62,"code":733,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,2049,2050,2092,2096,2110],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2051,2052,2054,2056,2058,2060,2062,2064,2066,2068,2070,2072,2074,2076,2078,2080,2082,2084,2086,2088,2090],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2053,123],{"class":75},[69,2055,80],{"class":79},[69,2057,129],{"class":128},[69,2059,132],{"class":83},[69,2061,136],{"class":135},[69,2063,140],{"class":139},[69,2065,143],{"class":83},[69,2067,147],{"class":146},[69,2069,294],{"class":79},[69,2071,94],{"class":87},[69,2073,91],{"class":83},[69,2075,84],{"class":83},[69,2077,88],{"class":87},[69,2079,91],{"class":83},[69,2081,94],{"class":87},[69,2083,91],{"class":83},[69,2085,99],{"class":87},[69,2087,91],{"class":83},[69,2089,104],{"class":87},[69,2091,618],{"class":83},[69,2093,2094],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,2095,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,2097,2098,2100,2102,2104,2106,2108],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,2099,172],{"class":128},[69,2101,132],{"class":83},[69,2103,178],{"class":177},[69,2105,132],{"class":83},[69,2107,183],{"class":146},[69,2109,318],{"class":83},[69,2111,2112,2114,2116,2118,2120,2122],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,2113,172],{"class":128},[69,2115,132],{"class":83},[69,2117,178],{"class":177},[69,2119,132],{"class":83},[69,2121,183],{"class":146},[69,2123,318],{"class":83},[20,2125,321],{},[60,2127,2128],{"className":62,"code":814,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,2129,2130,2142],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2131,2132,2134,2136,2138,2140],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2133,331],{"class":83},[69,2135,346],{"class":87},[69,2137,91],{"class":83},[69,2139,104],{"class":87},[69,2141,117],{"class":83},[69,2143,2144],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,2145,833],{"class":83},[20,2147,2148],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[60,2150,2152],{"className":62,"code":2151,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2153,2154,2202,2206,2216],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2155,2156,2158,2160,2163,2165,2167,2169,2171,2173,2175,2177,2179,2181,2183,2185,2187,2189,2191,2193,2195,2197,2199],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2157,123],{"class":75},[69,2159,80],{"class":79},[69,2161,2162],{"class":177}," list",[69,2164,132],{"class":83},[69,2166,48],{"class":128},[69,2168,132],{"class":83},[69,2170,136],{"class":135},[69,2172,140],{"class":139},[69,2174,143],{"class":83},[69,2176,147],{"class":146},[69,2178,294],{"class":79},[69,2180,94],{"class":87},[69,2182,91],{"class":83},[69,2184,84],{"class":83},[69,2186,88],{"class":87},[69,2188,91],{"class":83},[69,2190,94],{"class":87},[69,2192,91],{"class":83},[69,2194,99],{"class":87},[69,2196,91],{"class":83},[69,2198,104],{"class":87},[69,2200,2201],{"class":83},"]))\n",[69,2203,2204],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,2205,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,2207,2208,2210,2212,2214],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,2209,172],{"class":128},[69,2211,132],{"class":83},[69,2213,183],{"class":146},[69,2215,166],{"class":83},[69,2217,2218,2220,2222,2224],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,2219,172],{"class":128},[69,2221,132],{"class":83},[69,2223,183],{"class":146},[69,2225,166],{"class":83},[377,2227,2229],{"id":2228},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,2231,2232],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,2234,2235],{},"Wrong:",[60,2237,2239],{"className":62,"code":2238,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,2240,2241],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2242,2243],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2244,2238],{"class":189},[20,2246,2247,2248,2250],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,2249,444],{}," is not iterable.",[20,2252,2253],{},"Correct:",[60,2255,2257],{"className":62,"code":2256,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,2258,2259],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2260,2261,2263,2265,2267,2269,2271,2273,2275,2277,2279,2281,2283,2285,2287,2289,2291,2293,2295,2297,2299,2301,2303],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2262,172],{"class":128},[69,2264,132],{"class":83},[69,2266,178],{"class":177},[69,2268,132],{"class":83},[69,2270,48],{"class":128},[69,2272,132],{"class":83},[69,2274,136],{"class":135},[69,2276,140],{"class":139},[69,2278,143],{"class":83},[69,2280,147],{"class":146},[69,2282,294],{"class":79},[69,2284,94],{"class":87},[69,2286,91],{"class":83},[69,2288,84],{"class":83},[69,2290,88],{"class":87},[69,2292,91],{"class":83},[69,2294,94],{"class":87},[69,2296,91],{"class":83},[69,2298,99],{"class":87},[69,2300,91],{"class":83},[69,2302,104],{"class":87},[69,2304,2305],{"class":83},"])))\n",[377,2307,2309,2310,843,2312],{"id":2308},"confusing-filter-with-map","Confusing ",[15,2311,17],{},[15,2313,2314],{},"map()",[29,2316,2317,2322],{},[32,2318,2319,2321],{},[15,2320,17],{}," keeps or removes items",[32,2323,2324,2326],{},[15,2325,2314],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,2328,2329,2330,143],{},"Example of ",[15,2331,17],{},[60,2333,2335],{"className":62,"code":2334,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,2336,2337,2361],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2338,2339,2341,2343,2345,2347,2349,2351,2353,2355,2357,2359],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2340,76],{"class":75},[69,2342,80],{"class":79},[69,2344,84],{"class":83},[69,2346,88],{"class":87},[69,2348,91],{"class":83},[69,2350,94],{"class":87},[69,2352,91],{"class":83},[69,2354,99],{"class":87},[69,2356,91],{"class":83},[69,2358,104],{"class":87},[69,2360,117],{"class":83},[69,2362,2363,2365,2367,2369,2371,2373,2375,2377,2379,2381,2383,2385,2387,2389,2391],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,2364,172],{"class":128},[69,2366,132],{"class":83},[69,2368,178],{"class":177},[69,2370,132],{"class":83},[69,2372,48],{"class":128},[69,2374,132],{"class":83},[69,2376,136],{"class":135},[69,2378,140],{"class":139},[69,2380,143],{"class":83},[69,2382,147],{"class":146},[69,2384,294],{"class":79},[69,2386,94],{"class":87},[69,2388,91],{"class":83},[69,2390,163],{"class":146},[69,2392,2019],{"class":83},[20,2394,321],{},[60,2396,2398],{"className":62,"code":2397,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[3, 4]\n",[15,2399,2400],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2401,2402,2404,2406,2408,2410],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2403,331],{"class":83},[69,2405,346],{"class":87},[69,2407,91],{"class":83},[69,2409,104],{"class":87},[69,2411,117],{"class":83},[20,2413,2329,2414,143],{},[15,2415,2314],{},[60,2417,2419],{"className":62,"code":2418,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,2420,2421,2445],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2422,2423,2425,2427,2429,2431,2433,2435,2437,2439,2441,2443],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2424,76],{"class":75},[69,2426,80],{"class":79},[69,2428,84],{"class":83},[69,2430,88],{"class":87},[69,2432,91],{"class":83},[69,2434,94],{"class":87},[69,2436,91],{"class":83},[69,2438,99],{"class":87},[69,2440,91],{"class":83},[69,2442,104],{"class":87},[69,2444,117],{"class":83},[69,2446,2447,2449,2451,2453,2455,2458,2460,2462,2464,2466,2468,2471,2473,2475,2477],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,2448,172],{"class":128},[69,2450,132],{"class":83},[69,2452,178],{"class":177},[69,2454,132],{"class":83},[69,2456,2457],{"class":128},"map",[69,2459,132],{"class":83},[69,2461,136],{"class":135},[69,2463,140],{"class":139},[69,2465,143],{"class":83},[69,2467,147],{"class":146},[69,2469,2470],{"class":79},"*",[69,2472,94],{"class":87},[69,2474,91],{"class":83},[69,2476,163],{"class":146},[69,2478,2019],{"class":83},[20,2480,321],{},[60,2482,2484],{"className":62,"code":2483,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,2485,2486],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2487,2488,2490,2492,2494,2496,2498,2500,2502,2505],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2489,331],{"class":83},[69,2491,1155],{"class":87},[69,2493,91],{"class":83},[69,2495,104],{"class":87},[69,2497,91],{"class":83},[69,2499,114],{"class":87},[69,2501,91],{"class":83},[69,2503,2504],{"class":87}," 8",[69,2506,117],{"class":83},[20,2508,2509,2510,537],{},"For the related function, see ",[533,2511,13,2513,2515],{"href":2512},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,2514,2314],{}," function explained",[55,2517,2519],{"id":2518},"faq","FAQ",[377,2521,2523,2524,2526],{"id":2522},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3","Does ",[15,2525,17],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,2528,2529,2530,2532],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,2531,52],{}," if needed.",[377,2534,2536,2537,2539],{"id":2535},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,2538,17],{}," need to return?",[20,2541,391,2542,2544,2545,2547],{},[15,2543,224],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,2546,230],{}," to remove it.",[377,2549,2551,2552,2554],{"id":2550},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda","Can I use ",[15,2553,17],{}," without lambda?",[20,2556,2557],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[377,2559,2561,2562,2565],{"id":2560},"what-does-filternone-items-do","What does ",[15,2563,2564],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,2567,2568,2569,2571,2572,2574,2575,537],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,2570,1226],{},", empty strings, ",[15,2573,1181],{},", and ",[15,2576,230],{},[377,2578,2580,2581,2583],{"id":2579},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension","Should I use ",[15,2582,17],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,2585,2586,2587,2589],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,2588,1514],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,2591,2592],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[29,2594,2595,2601,2607],{},[32,2596,2597,2598,2600],{},"use ",[15,2599,17],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[32,2602,2603,2604,2606],{},"use a ",[15,2605,1514],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[32,2608,2609],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,2611,2612,2613,537],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[533,2614,2616],{"href":2615},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to filter a list in Python",[55,2618,2620],{"id":2619},"see-also","See also",[29,2622,2623,2628,2633,2638,2644],{},[32,2624,2625],{},[533,2626,2627],{"href":1000},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[32,2629,2630],{},[533,2631,2632],{"href":2615},"How to filter a list in Python",[32,2634,2635],{},[533,2636,2637],{"href":1766},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[32,2639,2640],{},[533,2641,13,2642,2515],{"href":2512},[15,2643,2314],{},[32,2645,2646],{},[533,2647,2648],{"href":535},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[2650,2651,2652],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":2654},[2655,2656,2658,2662,2665,2667,2669,2671,2673,2683,2695],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":201,"depth":120,"text":2657},"What filter() does",{"id":350,"depth":120,"text":351,"children":2659},[2660,2661],{"id":368,"depth":169,"text":368},{"id":399,"depth":169,"text":399},{"id":540,"depth":120,"text":541,"children":2663},[2664],{"id":726,"depth":169,"text":727},{"id":839,"depth":120,"text":2666},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":1004,"depth":120,"text":2668},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":1178,"depth":120,"text":2670},"Using None with filter()",{"id":1372,"depth":120,"text":2672},"When to use filter()",{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771,"children":2674},[2675,2677,2679,2680,2681],{"id":1779,"depth":169,"text":2676},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":1913,"depth":169,"text":2678},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":2041,"depth":169,"text":2042},{"id":2228,"depth":169,"text":2229},{"id":2308,"depth":169,"text":2682},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":2684},[2685,2687,2689,2691,2693],{"id":2522,"depth":169,"text":2686},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":2535,"depth":169,"text":2688},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":2550,"depth":169,"text":2690},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":2560,"depth":169,"text":2692},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":2579,"depth":169,"text":2694},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":2696},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",[2704,4288,5977,7661,9796,11999,13519,15695,17897,20357,22194,24758,26855,29136,31084,32995,34992,36428,38253,40558,42720,43949,45320,46968,49289,51133,53115,54809,56062,57756,59507,61479,63229,65329,66689,68640,70203,72194,73989,75889,78331,80409,83049,85078,87041,89229,91233,93546,95228,96673,97867,99045,100885,103325,105029,107044,108568,109813,110976,112358,114429,116326,118100,119966,122085,123825,125287,126881,128804,130481,132416,133905,136689,138266,139825,141853,143805,145268,146457,148343,149754,151450,153004,154426,155829,157727,160121,161952],{"id":2705,"title":2706,"body":2707,"description":4282,"extension":2697,"meta":4283,"navigation":272,"path":4284,"seo":4285,"stem":4286,"__hash__":4287},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2708,"toc":4254},[2709,2712,2719,2722,2733,2736,2738,2800,2802,2822,2827,2831,2836,2838,2853,2856,2882,2885,2889,2891,2907,2910,2937,2939,2994,2996,3011,3021,3032,3036,3039,3092,3094,3114,3117,3140,3147,3151,3156,3162,3164,3201,3203,3212,3219,3236,3239,3251,3255,3260,3264,3267,3288,3290,3348,3350,3358,3361,3365,3397,3399,3407,3410,3414,3419,3467,3469,3477,3481,3541,3543,3551,3554,3556,3560,3563,3586,3595,3610,3660,3662,3677,3688,3692,3695,3723,3730,3734,3739,3780,3782,3793,3796,3839,3841,3849,3853,3858,3880,3882,3891,3900,3904,3909,3931,3933,4003,4005,4052,4055,4058,4061,4141,4143,4174,4176,4180,4183,4187,4190,4194,4197,4201,4213,4217,4220,4222,4251],[10,2710,2706],{"id":2711},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2713,2714,2715,2718],{},"The ",[15,2716,2717],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2720,2721],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[29,2723,2724,2727,2730],{},[32,2725,2726],{},"a number without its negative sign",[32,2728,2729],{},"the distance between two numbers",[32,2731,2732],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2734,2735],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[55,2737,58],{"id":57},[60,2739,2741],{"className":62,"code":2740,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2742,2743,2761,2776],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2744,2745,2747,2749,2752,2754,2756,2759],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2746,172],{"class":128},[69,2748,132],{"class":83},[69,2750,2751],{"class":128},"abs",[69,2753,132],{"class":83},[69,2755,1972],{"class":79},[69,2757,2758],{"class":87},"7",[69,2760,318],{"class":83},[69,2762,2763,2765,2767,2769,2771,2774],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,2764,172],{"class":128},[69,2766,132],{"class":83},[69,2768,2751],{"class":128},[69,2770,132],{"class":83},[69,2772,2773],{"class":87},"3.5",[69,2775,318],{"class":83},[69,2777,2778,2780,2782,2784,2786,2788,2790,2793,2795,2798],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,2779,172],{"class":128},[69,2781,132],{"class":83},[69,2783,2751],{"class":128},[69,2785,132],{"class":83},[69,2787,1972],{"class":79},[69,2789,1155],{"class":87},[69,2791,2792],{"class":79},"+",[69,2794,346],{"class":87},[69,2796,2797],{"class":135},"j",[69,2799,318],{"class":83},[20,2801,321],{},[60,2803,2805],{"className":62,"code":2804,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2806,2807,2812,2817],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2808,2809],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2810,2811],{"class":87},"7\n",[69,2813,2814],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,2815,2816],{"class":87},"3.5\n",[69,2818,2819],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,2820,2821],{"class":87},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2823,1378,2824,2826],{},[15,2825,2717],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[55,2828,2830],{"id":2829},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2832,2833,2835],{},[15,2834,2717],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2837,213],{},[29,2839,2840,2843,2846],{},[32,2841,2842],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[32,2844,2845],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[32,2847,2848,2850,2851],{},[15,2849,1226],{}," stays ",[15,2852,1226],{},[20,2854,2855],{},"Examples:",[29,2857,2858,2867,2875],{},[32,2859,2860,2863,2864],{},[15,2861,2862],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2865,2866],{},"5",[32,2868,2869,2863,2872],{},[15,2870,2871],{},"abs(9)",[15,2873,2874],{},"9",[32,2876,2877,2863,2880],{},[15,2878,2879],{},"abs(0)",[15,2881,1226],{},[20,2883,2884],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[55,2886,2888],{"id":2887},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,2890,354],{},[60,2892,2894],{"className":62,"code":2893,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"abs(x)\n",[15,2895,2896],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2897,2898,2900,2902,2905],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2899,2751],{"class":128},[69,2901,132],{"class":83},[69,2903,2904],{"class":146},"x",[69,2906,166],{"class":83},[20,2908,2909],{},"Here:",[29,2911,2912,2929,2934],{},[32,2913,2914,2916,2917,2920,2921,2924,2925,2928],{},[15,2915,2904],{}," is usually an ",[15,2918,2919],{},"int",", ",[15,2922,2923],{},"float",", or ",[15,2926,2927],{},"complex"," number",[32,2930,2931,2933],{},[15,2932,2717],{}," returns a new value",[32,2935,2936],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2938,234],{},[60,2940,2942],{"className":62,"code":2941,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2943,2944,2955,2970,2974,2984],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,2945,2946,2948,2950,2952],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,2947,1700],{"class":75},[69,2949,80],{"class":79},[69,2951,1979],{"class":79},[69,2953,2954],{"class":87},"12\n",[69,2956,2957,2959,2961,2964,2966,2968],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,2958,123],{"class":75},[69,2960,80],{"class":79},[69,2962,2963],{"class":128}," abs",[69,2965,132],{"class":83},[69,2967,1045],{"class":146},[69,2969,166],{"class":83},[69,2971,2972],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,2973,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,2975,2976,2978,2980,2982],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,2977,172],{"class":128},[69,2979,132],{"class":83},[69,2981,1045],{"class":146},[69,2983,166],{"class":83},[69,2985,2986,2988,2990,2992],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,2987,172],{"class":128},[69,2989,132],{"class":83},[69,2991,183],{"class":146},[69,2993,166],{"class":83},[20,2995,321],{},[60,2997,2999],{"className":62,"code":2998,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"-12\n12\n",[15,3000,3001,3007],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3002,3003,3005],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3004,1972],{"class":79},[69,3006,2954],{"class":87},[69,3008,3009],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,3010,2954],{"class":87},[20,3012,3013,3014,3016,3017,3020],{},"Notice that ",[15,3015,1045],{}," is still ",[15,3018,3019],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,3022,3023,3024,3031],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[533,3025,3027,3030],{"href":3026},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,3028,3029],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[55,3033,3035],{"id":3034},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,3037,3038],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[60,3040,3042],{"className":62,"code":3041,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,3043,3044,3060,3075],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3045,3046,3048,3050,3052,3054,3056,3058],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3047,172],{"class":128},[69,3049,132],{"class":83},[69,3051,2751],{"class":128},[69,3053,132],{"class":83},[69,3055,1972],{"class":79},[69,3057,444],{"class":87},[69,3059,318],{"class":83},[69,3061,3062,3064,3066,3068,3070,3073],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,3063,172],{"class":128},[69,3065,132],{"class":83},[69,3067,2751],{"class":128},[69,3069,132],{"class":83},[69,3071,3072],{"class":87},"8",[69,3074,318],{"class":83},[69,3076,3077,3079,3081,3083,3085,3087,3090],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,3078,172],{"class":128},[69,3080,132],{"class":83},[69,3082,2751],{"class":128},[69,3084,132],{"class":83},[69,3086,1972],{"class":79},[69,3088,3089],{"class":87},"4.2",[69,3091,318],{"class":83},[20,3093,321],{},[60,3095,3097],{"className":62,"code":3096,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,3098,3099,3104,3109],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3100,3101],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3102,3103],{"class":87},"10\n",[69,3105,3106],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,3107,3108],{"class":87},"8\n",[69,3110,3111],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,3112,3113],{"class":87},"4.2\n",[20,3115,3116],{},"What each line does:",[29,3118,3119,3126,3133],{},[32,3120,3121,1172,3124],{},[15,3122,3123],{},"abs(-10)",[15,3125,444],{},[32,3127,3128,1172,3131],{},[15,3129,3130],{},"abs(8)",[15,3132,3072],{},[32,3134,3135,1172,3138],{},[15,3136,3137],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,3139,3089],{},[20,3141,3142,3143,537],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[533,3144,3146],{"href":3145},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[55,3148,3150],{"id":3149},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,3152,3153,3155],{},[15,3154,2717],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,3157,3158,3159,3161],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,3160,1226],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,3163,234],{},[60,3165,3167],{"className":62,"code":3166,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,3168,3169,3186],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3170,3171,3174,3176,3178,3181,3183],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3172,3173],{"class":75},"value ",[69,3175,80],{"class":79},[69,3177,99],{"class":87},[69,3179,3180],{"class":79}," +",[69,3182,104],{"class":87},[69,3184,3185],{"class":135},"j\n",[69,3187,3188,3190,3192,3194,3196,3199],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,3189,172],{"class":128},[69,3191,132],{"class":83},[69,3193,2751],{"class":128},[69,3195,132],{"class":83},[69,3197,3198],{"class":146},"value",[69,3200,318],{"class":83},[20,3202,321],{},[60,3204,3206],{"className":62,"code":3205,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"5.0\n",[15,3207,3208],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3209,3210],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3211,3205],{"class":87},[20,3213,3214,3215,3218],{},"Why ",[15,3216,3217],{},"5.0","?",[29,3220,3221,3226,3231],{},[32,3222,3223,3224],{},"the real part is ",[15,3225,346],{},[32,3227,3228,3229],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,3230,334],{},[32,3232,3233,3234],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,3235,3217],{},[20,3237,3238],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[29,3240,3241,3248],{},[32,3242,3243,3245,3246],{},[15,3244,2717],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,3247,2923],{},[32,3249,3250],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[55,3252,3254],{"id":3253},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,3256,3257,3258,537],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,3259,2717],{},[377,3261,3263],{"id":3262},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,3265,3266],{},"A very common pattern is:",[60,3268,3270],{"className":62,"code":3269,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,3271,3272],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3273,3274,3276,3278,3281,3283,3286],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3275,2751],{"class":128},[69,3277,132],{"class":83},[69,3279,3280],{"class":146},"a ",[69,3282,1972],{"class":79},[69,3284,3285],{"class":146}," b",[69,3287,166],{"class":83},[20,3289,234],{},[60,3291,3293],{"className":62,"code":3292,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,3294,3295,3304,3314,3318,3337],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3296,3297,3299,3301],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3298,3280],{"class":75},[69,3300,80],{"class":79},[69,3302,3303],{"class":87}," 3\n",[69,3305,3306,3309,3311],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,3307,3308],{"class":75},"b ",[69,3310,80],{"class":79},[69,3312,3313],{"class":87}," 10\n",[69,3315,3316],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,3317,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,3319,3320,3323,3325,3327,3329,3331,3333,3335],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,3321,3322],{"class":75},"distance ",[69,3324,80],{"class":79},[69,3326,2963],{"class":128},[69,3328,132],{"class":83},[69,3330,3280],{"class":146},[69,3332,1972],{"class":79},[69,3334,3285],{"class":146},[69,3336,166],{"class":83},[69,3338,3339,3341,3343,3346],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,3340,172],{"class":128},[69,3342,132],{"class":83},[69,3344,3345],{"class":146},"distance",[69,3347,166],{"class":83},[20,3349,321],{},[60,3351,3352],{"className":62,"code":2811,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,3353,3354],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3355,3356],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3357,2811],{"class":87},[20,3359,3360],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[377,3362,3364],{"id":3363},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[60,3366,3368],{"className":62,"code":3367,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,3369,3370,3382],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3371,3372,3375,3377,3379],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3373,3374],{"class":75},"temperature_change ",[69,3376,80],{"class":79},[69,3378,1979],{"class":79},[69,3380,3381],{"class":87},"6\n",[69,3383,3384,3386,3388,3390,3392,3395],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,3385,172],{"class":128},[69,3387,132],{"class":83},[69,3389,2751],{"class":128},[69,3391,132],{"class":83},[69,3393,3394],{"class":146},"temperature_change",[69,3396,318],{"class":83},[20,3398,321],{},[60,3400,3401],{"className":62,"code":3381,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,3402,3403],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3404,3405],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3406,3381],{"class":87},[20,3408,3409],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[377,3411,3413],{"id":3412},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,3415,3416,3417,3031],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,3418,2717],{},[60,3420,3422],{"className":62,"code":3421,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,3423,3424,3436,3452,3456],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3425,3426,3429,3431,3433],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3427,3428],{"class":75},"balance_change ",[69,3430,80],{"class":79},[69,3432,1979],{"class":79},[69,3434,3435],{"class":87},"25\n",[69,3437,3438,3441,3443,3445,3447,3450],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,3439,3440],{"class":75},"safe_value ",[69,3442,80],{"class":79},[69,3444,2963],{"class":128},[69,3446,132],{"class":83},[69,3448,3449],{"class":146},"balance_change",[69,3451,166],{"class":83},[69,3453,3454],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,3455,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,3457,3458,3460,3462,3465],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,3459,172],{"class":128},[69,3461,132],{"class":83},[69,3463,3464],{"class":146},"safe_value",[69,3466,166],{"class":83},[20,3468,321],{},[60,3470,3471],{"className":62,"code":3435,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,3472,3473],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3474,3475],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3476,3435],{"class":87},[377,3478,3480],{"id":3479},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[60,3482,3484],{"className":62,"code":3483,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,3485,3486,3496,3506,3510,3530],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3487,3488,3491,3493],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3489,3490],{"class":75},"guess ",[69,3492,80],{"class":79},[69,3494,3495],{"class":87}," 42\n",[69,3497,3498,3501,3503],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,3499,3500],{"class":75},"target ",[69,3502,80],{"class":79},[69,3504,3505],{"class":87}," 50\n",[69,3507,3508],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,3509,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,3511,3512,3515,3517,3519,3521,3523,3525,3528],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,3513,3514],{"class":75},"difference ",[69,3516,80],{"class":79},[69,3518,2963],{"class":128},[69,3520,132],{"class":83},[69,3522,3490],{"class":146},[69,3524,1972],{"class":79},[69,3526,3527],{"class":146}," target",[69,3529,166],{"class":83},[69,3531,3532,3534,3536,3539],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,3533,172],{"class":128},[69,3535,132],{"class":83},[69,3537,3538],{"class":146},"difference",[69,3540,166],{"class":83},[20,3542,321],{},[60,3544,3545],{"className":62,"code":3108,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,3546,3547],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3548,3549],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3550,3108],{"class":87},[20,3552,3553],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[55,3555,1771],{"id":1770},[377,3557,3559],{"id":3558},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,3561,3562],{},"This causes an error:",[60,3564,3566],{"className":62,"code":3565,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,3567,3568],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3569,3570,3572,3574,3576,3578,3580,3582,3584],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3571,172],{"class":128},[69,3573,132],{"class":83},[69,3575,2751],{"class":128},[69,3577,132],{"class":83},[69,3579,871],{"class":699},[69,3581,2866],{"class":703},[69,3583,871],{"class":699},[69,3585,318],{"class":83},[20,3587,3588,3591,3592,3594],{},[15,3589,3590],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,3593,2717],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,3596,3597,3598,394,3604,143],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[533,3599,3601],{"href":3600},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,3602,3603],{},"int()",[533,3605,3607],{"href":3606},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,3608,3609],{},"float()",[60,3611,3613],{"className":62,"code":3612,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3614,3615,3637],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3616,3617,3619,3621,3623,3625,3627,3629,3631,3633,3635],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3618,172],{"class":128},[69,3620,132],{"class":83},[69,3622,2751],{"class":128},[69,3624,132],{"class":83},[69,3626,2919],{"class":177},[69,3628,132],{"class":83},[69,3630,871],{"class":699},[69,3632,2866],{"class":703},[69,3634,871],{"class":699},[69,3636,2019],{"class":83},[69,3638,3639,3641,3643,3645,3647,3649,3651,3653,3656,3658],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,3640,172],{"class":128},[69,3642,132],{"class":83},[69,3644,2751],{"class":128},[69,3646,132],{"class":83},[69,3648,2923],{"class":177},[69,3650,132],{"class":83},[69,3652,871],{"class":699},[69,3654,3655],{"class":703},"-3.2",[69,3657,871],{"class":699},[69,3659,2019],{"class":83},[20,3661,321],{},[60,3663,3665],{"className":62,"code":3664,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3666,3667,3672],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3668,3669],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3670,3671],{"class":87},"5\n",[69,3673,3674],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,3675,3676],{"class":87},"3.2\n",[20,3678,3679,3680,3683,3684,537],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3681,3682],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[533,3685,3687],{"href":3686},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[377,3689,3691],{"id":3690},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3693,3694],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[60,3696,3698],{"className":62,"code":3697,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3699,3700],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3701,3702,3704,3706,3708,3711,3713,3715,3717,3719,3721],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3703,172],{"class":128},[69,3705,132],{"class":83},[69,3707,2751],{"class":128},[69,3709,3710],{"class":83},"([",[69,3712,88],{"class":87},[69,3714,91],{"class":83},[69,3716,94],{"class":87},[69,3718,91],{"class":83},[69,3720,99],{"class":87},[69,3722,2201],{"class":83},[20,3724,3725,3726,3729],{},"This raises a ",[15,3727,3728],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[377,3731,3733],{"id":3732},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3735,3736,3738],{},[15,3737,2717],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[60,3740,3742],{"className":62,"code":3741,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3743,3744,3756,3766,3770],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3745,3746,3749,3751,3753],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3747,3748],{"class":75},"x ",[69,3750,80],{"class":79},[69,3752,1979],{"class":79},[69,3754,3755],{"class":87},"9\n",[69,3757,3758,3760,3762,3764],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,3759,2751],{"class":128},[69,3761,132],{"class":83},[69,3763,2904],{"class":146},[69,3765,166],{"class":83},[69,3767,3768],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,3769,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,3771,3772,3774,3776,3778],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,3773,172],{"class":128},[69,3775,132],{"class":83},[69,3777,2904],{"class":146},[69,3779,166],{"class":83},[20,3781,321],{},[60,3783,3785],{"className":62,"code":3784,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"-9\n",[15,3786,3787],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3788,3789,3791],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3790,1972],{"class":79},[69,3792,3755],{"class":87},[20,3794,3795],{},"If you want to store the result:",[60,3797,3799],{"className":62,"code":3798,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3800,3801,3811,3825,3829],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3802,3803,3805,3807,3809],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3804,3748],{"class":75},[69,3806,80],{"class":79},[69,3808,1979],{"class":79},[69,3810,3755],{"class":87},[69,3812,3813,3815,3817,3819,3821,3823],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,3814,3748],{"class":75},[69,3816,80],{"class":79},[69,3818,2963],{"class":128},[69,3820,132],{"class":83},[69,3822,2904],{"class":146},[69,3824,166],{"class":83},[69,3826,3827],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,3828,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,3830,3831,3833,3835,3837],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,3832,172],{"class":128},[69,3834,132],{"class":83},[69,3836,2904],{"class":146},[69,3838,166],{"class":83},[20,3840,321],{},[60,3842,3843],{"className":62,"code":3755,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,3844,3845],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3846,3847],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3848,3755],{"class":87},[377,3850,3852],{"id":3851},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3854,3855,3857],{},[15,3856,2717],{}," does not round numbers.",[60,3859,3861],{"className":62,"code":3860,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3862,3863],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3864,3865,3867,3869,3871,3873,3875,3878],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3866,172],{"class":128},[69,3868,132],{"class":83},[69,3870,2751],{"class":128},[69,3872,132],{"class":83},[69,3874,1972],{"class":79},[69,3876,3877],{"class":87},"4.7",[69,3879,318],{"class":83},[20,3881,321],{},[60,3883,3885],{"className":62,"code":3884,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"4.7\n",[15,3886,3887],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3888,3889],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3890,3884],{"class":87},[20,3892,3893,3894,3896,3897,3899],{},"If you expected ",[15,3895,2866],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3898,2717],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[55,3901,3903],{"id":3902},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3905,3906,3908],{},[15,3907,2717],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[29,3910,3911,3918,3925],{},[32,3912,3913,3915,3916],{},[15,3914,2919],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3917,2919],{},[32,3919,3920,3922,3923],{},[15,3921,2923],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3924,2923],{},[32,3926,3927,3922,3929],{},[15,3928,2927],{},[15,3930,2923],{},[20,3932,234],{},[60,3934,3936],{"className":62,"code":3935,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3937,3938,3958,3979],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,3939,3940,3942,3944,3946,3948,3950,3952,3954,3956],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,3941,172],{"class":128},[69,3943,132],{"class":83},[69,3945,641],{"class":177},[69,3947,132],{"class":83},[69,3949,2751],{"class":128},[69,3951,132],{"class":83},[69,3953,1972],{"class":79},[69,3955,2866],{"class":87},[69,3957,2019],{"class":83},[69,3959,3960,3962,3964,3966,3968,3970,3972,3974,3977],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,3961,172],{"class":128},[69,3963,132],{"class":83},[69,3965,641],{"class":177},[69,3967,132],{"class":83},[69,3969,2751],{"class":128},[69,3971,132],{"class":83},[69,3973,1972],{"class":79},[69,3975,3976],{"class":87},"3.2",[69,3978,2019],{"class":83},[69,3980,3981,3983,3985,3987,3989,3991,3993,3995,3997,3999,4001],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,3982,172],{"class":128},[69,3984,132],{"class":83},[69,3986,641],{"class":177},[69,3988,132],{"class":83},[69,3990,2751],{"class":128},[69,3992,132],{"class":83},[69,3994,346],{"class":87},[69,3996,3180],{"class":79},[69,3998,104],{"class":87},[69,4000,2797],{"class":135},[69,4002,2019],{"class":83},[20,4004,321],{},[60,4006,4008],{"className":62,"code":4007,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,4009,4010,4024,4038],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4011,4012,4014,4016,4018,4020,4022],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4013,674],{"class":79},[69,4015,696],{"class":135},[69,4017,700],{"class":699},[69,4019,2919],{"class":703},[69,4021,706],{"class":699},[69,4023,689],{"class":79},[69,4025,4026,4028,4030,4032,4034,4036],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,4027,674],{"class":79},[69,4029,696],{"class":135},[69,4031,700],{"class":699},[69,4033,2923],{"class":703},[69,4035,706],{"class":699},[69,4037,689],{"class":79},[69,4039,4040,4042,4044,4046,4048,4050],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,4041,674],{"class":79},[69,4043,696],{"class":135},[69,4045,700],{"class":699},[69,4047,2923],{"class":703},[69,4049,706],{"class":699},[69,4051,689],{"class":79},[20,4053,4054],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,4056,4057],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,4059,4060],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[60,4062,4064],{"className":62,"code":4063,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,4065,4066,4080,4090,4104,4108,4122],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4067,4068,4070,4072,4074,4077],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4069,3173],{"class":75},[69,4071,80],{"class":79},[69,4073,881],{"class":699},[69,4075,4076],{"class":703},"-5",[69,4078,4079],{"class":699},"\"\n",[69,4081,4082,4084,4086,4088],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,4083,172],{"class":128},[69,4085,132],{"class":83},[69,4087,3198],{"class":146},[69,4089,166],{"class":83},[69,4091,4092,4094,4096,4098,4100,4102],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,4093,172],{"class":128},[69,4095,132],{"class":83},[69,4097,641],{"class":177},[69,4099,132],{"class":83},[69,4101,3198],{"class":146},[69,4103,318],{"class":83},[69,4105,4106],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,4107,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,4109,4110,4113,4115,4117,4120],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,4111,4112],{"class":75},"user_input ",[69,4114,80],{"class":79},[69,4116,881],{"class":699},[69,4118,4119],{"class":703},"-3.7",[69,4121,4079],{"class":699},[69,4123,4124,4126,4128,4130,4132,4134,4136,4139],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,4125,172],{"class":128},[69,4127,132],{"class":83},[69,4129,2751],{"class":128},[69,4131,132],{"class":83},[69,4133,2923],{"class":177},[69,4135,132],{"class":83},[69,4137,4138],{"class":146},"user_input",[69,4140,2019],{"class":83},[20,4142,321],{},[60,4144,4146],{"className":62,"code":4145,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,4147,4148,4154,4169],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4149,4150,4152],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4151,1972],{"class":79},[69,4153,3671],{"class":87},[69,4155,4156,4158,4160,4162,4165,4167],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,4157,674],{"class":79},[69,4159,696],{"class":135},[69,4161,700],{"class":699},[69,4163,4164],{"class":703},"str",[69,4166,706],{"class":699},[69,4168,689],{"class":79},[69,4170,4171],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,4172,4173],{"class":87},"3.7\n",[55,4175,2519],{"id":2518},[377,4177,4179],{"id":4178},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,4181,4182],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[377,4184,4186],{"id":4185},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,4188,4189],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[377,4191,4193],{"id":4192},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,4195,4196],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[377,4198,4200],{"id":4199},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,4202,4203,4205,4206,394,4208,4210,4211,537],{},[15,4204,3682],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,4207,3603],{},[15,4209,3609],{}," before using ",[15,4212,2717],{},[377,4214,4216],{"id":4215},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,4218,4219],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[55,4221,2620],{"id":2619},[29,4223,4224,4230,4236,4242,4247],{},[32,4225,4226],{},[533,4227,4228,2515],{"href":3600},[15,4229,3603],{},[32,4231,4232],{},[533,4233,4234,2515],{"href":3606},[15,4235,3609],{},[32,4237,4238],{},[533,4239,4240,2515],{"href":3026},[15,4241,3029],{},[32,4243,4244],{},[533,4245,4246],{"href":3686},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[32,4248,4249],{},[533,4250,3146],{"href":3145},[2650,4252,4253],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":4255},[4256,4257,4258,4259,4260,4261,4267,4273,4274,4281],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":2829,"depth":120,"text":2830},{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":3034,"depth":120,"text":3035},{"id":3149,"depth":120,"text":3150},{"id":3253,"depth":120,"text":3254,"children":4262},[4263,4264,4265,4266],{"id":3262,"depth":169,"text":3263},{"id":3363,"depth":169,"text":3364},{"id":3412,"depth":169,"text":3413},{"id":3479,"depth":169,"text":3480},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771,"children":4268},[4269,4270,4271,4272],{"id":3558,"depth":169,"text":3559},{"id":3690,"depth":169,"text":3691},{"id":3732,"depth":169,"text":3733},{"id":3851,"depth":169,"text":3852},{"id":3902,"depth":120,"text":3903},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":4275},[4276,4277,4278,4279,4280],{"id":4178,"depth":169,"text":4179},{"id":4185,"depth":169,"text":4186},{"id":4192,"depth":169,"text":4193},{"id":4199,"depth":169,"text":4200},{"id":4215,"depth":169,"text":4216},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2706,"description":4282},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":4289,"title":4290,"body":4291,"description":5971,"extension":2697,"meta":5972,"navigation":272,"path":5973,"seo":5974,"stem":5975,"__hash__":5976},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4292,"toc":5935},[4293,4299,4305,4308,4324,4328,4382,4391,4396,4400,4419,4422,4438,4441,4445,4453,4470,4473,4511,4514,4521,4527,4597,4599,4628,4634,4638,4642,4681,4683,4692,4699,4703,4742,4744,4753,4763,4767,4820,4822,4830,4833,4836,4883,4885,4893,4899,4906,4911,4914,4917,4982,4984,4992,4995,5062,5064,5072,5086,5089,5101,5105,5111,5114,5116,5132,5134,5142,5145,5148,5151,5168,5171,5174,5204,5206,5219,5223,5227,5230,5245,5250,5253,5280,5287,5290,5329,5336,5342,5350,5353,5405,5412,5477,5482,5491,5494,5512,5518,5521,5663,5668,5673,5676,5687,5690,5746,5748,5756,5759,5817,5819,5827,5830,5839,5841,5847,5856,5865,5868,5875,5878,5887,5900,5902,5932],[10,4294,13,4296,18],{"id":4295},"python-all-function-explained",[15,4297,4298],{},"all()",[20,4300,4301,4302,4304],{},"Python’s ",[15,4303,4298],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,4306,4307],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[29,4309,4310,4313,4316],{},[32,4311,4312],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[32,4314,4315],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[32,4317,4318,1172,4321,4323],{},[15,4319,4320],{},"all([])",[15,4322,224],{},", which often seems strange at first",[55,4325,4327],{"id":4326},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[60,4329,4331],{"className":62,"code":4330,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,4332,4333,4353,4369],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4334,4335,4337,4339,4341,4343,4345,4347,4349,4351],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4336,76],{"class":75},[69,4338,80],{"class":79},[69,4340,84],{"class":83},[69,4342,88],{"class":87},[69,4344,91],{"class":83},[69,4346,94],{"class":87},[69,4348,91],{"class":83},[69,4350,99],{"class":87},[69,4352,117],{"class":83},[69,4354,4355,4357,4359,4362,4364,4367],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,4356,123],{"class":75},[69,4358,80],{"class":79},[69,4360,4361],{"class":128}," all",[69,4363,132],{"class":83},[69,4365,4366],{"class":146},"numbers",[69,4368,166],{"class":83},[69,4370,4371,4373,4375,4377,4379],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,4372,172],{"class":128},[69,4374,132],{"class":83},[69,4376,183],{"class":146},[69,4378,938],{"class":83},[69,4380,4381],{"class":189},"  # True\n",[20,4383,4384,1172,4386,4388,4389,537],{},[15,4385,4298],{},[15,4387,224],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,4390,230],{},[55,4392,202,4394,205],{"id":4393},"what-all-does",[15,4395,4298],{},[20,4397,4398,143],{},[15,4399,4298],{},[29,4401,4402,4405,4411,4416],{},[32,4403,4404],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[32,4406,4407,4408,4410],{},"returns ",[15,4409,224],{}," if all items are truthy",[32,4412,4407,4413,4415],{},[15,4414,230],{}," if any item is falsy",[32,4417,4418],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,4420,4421],{},"Basic syntax:",[60,4423,4425],{"className":62,"code":4424,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"all(iterable)\n",[15,4426,4427],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4428,4429,4432,4434,4436],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4430,4431],{"class":128},"all",[69,4433,132],{"class":83},[69,4435,399],{"class":146},[69,4437,166],{"class":83},[20,4439,4440],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[55,4442,4444],{"id":4443},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,4446,4447,4448,394,4450,4452],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,4449,224],{},[15,4451,230],{}," in conditions.",[29,4454,4455,4463],{},[32,4456,4457,4460,4461],{},[42,4458,4459],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,4462,224],{},[32,4464,4465,4460,4468],{},[42,4466,4467],{},"Falsy",[15,4469,230],{},[20,4471,4472],{},"Common falsy values include:",[29,4474,4475,4479,4484,4488,4492,4496,4501,4506],{},[32,4476,4477],{},[15,4478,1226],{},[32,4480,4481],{},[15,4482,4483],{},"0.0",[32,4485,4486],{},[15,4487,1231],{},[32,4489,4490],{},[15,4491,1181],{},[32,4493,4494],{},[15,4495,230],{},[32,4497,4498],{},[15,4499,4500],{},"[]",[32,4502,4503],{},[15,4504,4505],{},"{}",[32,4507,4508],{},[15,4509,4510],{},"set()",[20,4512,4513],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,4515,4516,4517,537],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[533,4518,4520],{"href":4519},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,4522,4523,4524,143],{},"You can test this with ",[15,4525,4526],{},"bool()",[60,4528,4530],{"className":62,"code":4529,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,4531,4532,4566,4570],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4533,4534,4537,4539,4541,4543,4545,4547,4549,4552,4554,4556,4558,4560,4562,4564],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4535,4536],{"class":75},"values ",[69,4538,80],{"class":79},[69,4540,84],{"class":83},[69,4542,88],{"class":87},[69,4544,91],{"class":83},[69,4546,158],{"class":87},[69,4548,91],{"class":83},[69,4550,4551],{"class":699}," ''",[69,4553,91],{"class":83},[69,4555,700],{"class":699},[69,4557,1275],{"class":703},[69,4559,706],{"class":699},[69,4561,91],{"class":83},[69,4563,1282],{"class":1203},[69,4565,117],{"class":83},[69,4567,4568],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,4569,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,4571,4572,4574,4576,4579,4581,4583,4585,4588,4590,4592,4595],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,4573,172],{"class":128},[69,4575,3710],{"class":83},[69,4577,4578],{"class":177},"bool",[69,4580,132],{"class":83},[69,4582,2904],{"class":146},[69,4584,938],{"class":83},[69,4586,4587],{"class":1053}," for",[69,4589,147],{"class":146},[69,4591,1574],{"class":1053},[69,4593,4594],{"class":146}," values",[69,4596,618],{"class":83},[20,4598,321],{},[60,4600,4602],{"className":62,"code":4601,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4603,4604],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4605,4606,4608,4610,4612,4614,4616,4618,4620,4622,4624,4626],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4607,331],{"class":83},[69,4609,224],{"class":1203},[69,4611,91],{"class":83},[69,4613,1292],{"class":1203},[69,4615,91],{"class":83},[69,4617,1292],{"class":1203},[69,4619,91],{"class":83},[69,4621,1287],{"class":1203},[69,4623,91],{"class":83},[69,4625,1292],{"class":1203},[69,4627,117],{"class":83},[20,4629,4630,4631,4633],{},"This matters because ",[15,4632,4298],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[55,4635,4637],{"id":4636},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[377,4639,4641],{"id":4640},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[60,4643,4645],{"className":62,"code":4644,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4646,4647,4667],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4648,4649,4651,4653,4655,4657,4659,4661,4663,4665],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4650,76],{"class":75},[69,4652,80],{"class":79},[69,4654,84],{"class":83},[69,4656,88],{"class":87},[69,4658,91],{"class":83},[69,4660,94],{"class":87},[69,4662,91],{"class":83},[69,4664,99],{"class":87},[69,4666,117],{"class":83},[69,4668,4669,4671,4673,4675,4677,4679],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,4670,172],{"class":128},[69,4672,132],{"class":83},[69,4674,4431],{"class":128},[69,4676,132],{"class":83},[69,4678,4366],{"class":146},[69,4680,318],{"class":83},[20,4682,321],{},[60,4684,4686],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"True\n",[15,4687,4688],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4689,4690],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4691,4685],{"class":1203},[20,4693,4694,4695,1172,4697,537],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4696,4298],{},[15,4698,224],{},[377,4700,4702],{"id":4701},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[60,4704,4706],{"className":62,"code":4705,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4707,4708,4728],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4709,4710,4712,4714,4716,4718,4720,4722,4724,4726],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4711,76],{"class":75},[69,4713,80],{"class":79},[69,4715,84],{"class":83},[69,4717,88],{"class":87},[69,4719,91],{"class":83},[69,4721,158],{"class":87},[69,4723,91],{"class":83},[69,4725,99],{"class":87},[69,4727,117],{"class":83},[69,4729,4730,4732,4734,4736,4738,4740],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,4731,172],{"class":128},[69,4733,132],{"class":83},[69,4735,4431],{"class":128},[69,4737,132],{"class":83},[69,4739,4366],{"class":146},[69,4741,318],{"class":83},[20,4743,321],{},[60,4745,4747],{"className":62,"code":4746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"False\n",[15,4748,4749],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4750,4751],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4752,4746],{"class":1203},[20,4754,4755,4756,4758,4759,1172,4761,537],{},"The value ",[15,4757,1226],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4760,4298],{},[15,4762,230],{},[377,4764,4766],{"id":4765},"example-strings","Example: strings",[60,4768,4770],{"className":62,"code":4769,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4771,4772,4805],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4773,4774,4776,4778,4780,4782,4784,4786,4788,4790,4792,4794,4796,4798,4801,4803],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4775,864],{"class":75},[69,4777,80],{"class":79},[69,4779,84],{"class":83},[69,4781,706],{"class":699},[69,4783,874],{"class":703},[69,4785,706],{"class":699},[69,4787,91],{"class":83},[69,4789,700],{"class":699},[69,4791,893],{"class":703},[69,4793,706],{"class":699},[69,4795,91],{"class":83},[69,4797,700],{"class":699},[69,4799,4800],{"class":703},"cherry",[69,4802,706],{"class":699},[69,4804,117],{"class":83},[69,4806,4807,4809,4811,4813,4815,4818],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,4808,172],{"class":128},[69,4810,132],{"class":83},[69,4812,4431],{"class":128},[69,4814,132],{"class":83},[69,4816,4817],{"class":146},"words",[69,4819,318],{"class":83},[20,4821,321],{},[60,4823,4824],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,4825,4826],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4827,4828],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4829,4685],{"class":1203},[20,4831,4832],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4834,4835],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[60,4837,4839],{"className":62,"code":4838,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4840,4841,4869],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4842,4843,4845,4847,4849,4851,4853,4855,4857,4859,4861,4863,4865,4867],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4844,864],{"class":75},[69,4846,80],{"class":79},[69,4848,84],{"class":83},[69,4850,706],{"class":699},[69,4852,874],{"class":703},[69,4854,706],{"class":699},[69,4856,91],{"class":83},[69,4858,4551],{"class":699},[69,4860,91],{"class":83},[69,4862,700],{"class":699},[69,4864,4800],{"class":703},[69,4866,706],{"class":699},[69,4868,117],{"class":83},[69,4870,4871,4873,4875,4877,4879,4881],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,4872,172],{"class":128},[69,4874,132],{"class":83},[69,4876,4431],{"class":128},[69,4878,132],{"class":83},[69,4880,4817],{"class":146},[69,4882,318],{"class":83},[20,4884,321],{},[60,4886,4887],{"className":62,"code":4746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,4888,4889],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4890,4891],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4892,4746],{"class":1203},[20,4894,4895,4896,4898],{},"The empty string ",[15,4897,1231],{}," is falsy.",[55,4900,4902,4903,4905],{"id":4901},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4904,4298],{}," works with conditions",[20,4907,4908,4910],{},[15,4909,4298],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4912,4913],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4915,4916],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[60,4918,4920],{"className":62,"code":4919,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4921,4922,4942,4968,4972],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4923,4924,4926,4928,4930,4932,4934,4936,4938,4940],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4925,76],{"class":75},[69,4927,80],{"class":79},[69,4929,84],{"class":83},[69,4931,88],{"class":87},[69,4933,91],{"class":83},[69,4935,94],{"class":87},[69,4937,91],{"class":83},[69,4939,99],{"class":87},[69,4941,117],{"class":83},[69,4943,4944,4946,4948,4950,4952,4954,4956,4958,4960,4962,4964,4966],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,4945,123],{"class":75},[69,4947,80],{"class":79},[69,4949,4361],{"class":128},[69,4951,132],{"class":83},[69,4953,3748],{"class":146},[69,4955,294],{"class":79},[69,4957,158],{"class":87},[69,4959,4587],{"class":1053},[69,4961,147],{"class":146},[69,4963,1574],{"class":1053},[69,4965,163],{"class":146},[69,4967,166],{"class":83},[69,4969,4970],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,4971,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,4973,4974,4976,4978,4980],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,4975,172],{"class":128},[69,4977,132],{"class":83},[69,4979,183],{"class":146},[69,4981,166],{"class":83},[20,4983,321],{},[60,4985,4986],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,4987,4988],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,4989,4990],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,4991,4685],{"class":1203},[20,4993,4994],{},"Here is one that fails:",[60,4996,4998],{"className":62,"code":4997,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4999,5000,5022,5048,5052],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,5001,5002,5004,5006,5008,5010,5012,5014,5016,5018,5020],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,5003,76],{"class":75},[69,5005,80],{"class":79},[69,5007,84],{"class":83},[69,5009,88],{"class":87},[69,5011,91],{"class":83},[69,5013,1979],{"class":79},[69,5015,1155],{"class":87},[69,5017,91],{"class":83},[69,5019,99],{"class":87},[69,5021,117],{"class":83},[69,5023,5024,5026,5028,5030,5032,5034,5036,5038,5040,5042,5044,5046],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,5025,123],{"class":75},[69,5027,80],{"class":79},[69,5029,4361],{"class":128},[69,5031,132],{"class":83},[69,5033,3748],{"class":146},[69,5035,294],{"class":79},[69,5037,158],{"class":87},[69,5039,4587],{"class":1053},[69,5041,147],{"class":146},[69,5043,1574],{"class":1053},[69,5045,163],{"class":146},[69,5047,166],{"class":83},[69,5049,5050],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,5051,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,5053,5054,5056,5058,5060],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,5055,172],{"class":128},[69,5057,132],{"class":83},[69,5059,183],{"class":146},[69,5061,166],{"class":83},[20,5063,321],{},[60,5065,5066],{"className":62,"code":4746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,5067,5068],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,5069,5070],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,5071,4746],{"class":1203},[20,5073,5074,5075,5078,5079,5081,5082,1172,5084,537],{},"The expression ",[15,5076,5077],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,5080,224],{},", then ",[15,5083,4298],{},[15,5085,224],{},[20,5087,5088],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,5090,5091,5092,5096,5097,537],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[533,5093,5095],{"href":5094},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python"," and ",[533,5098,5100],{"href":5099},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[55,5102,5104],{"id":5103},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,5106,5107,1172,5109,537],{},[15,5108,4320],{},[15,5110,224],{},[20,5112,5113],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,5115,234],{},[60,5117,5119],{"className":62,"code":5118,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(all([]))\n",[15,5120,5121],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,5122,5123,5125,5127,5129],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,5124,172],{"class":128},[69,5126,132],{"class":83},[69,5128,4431],{"class":128},[69,5130,5131],{"class":83},"([]))\n",[20,5133,321],{},[60,5135,5136],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,5137,5138],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,5139,5140],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,5141,4685],{"class":1203},[20,5143,5144],{},"Why?",[20,5146,5147],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,5149,5150],{},"Think of it this way:",[29,5152,5153,5160,5163],{},[32,5154,5155,1172,5157,5159],{},[15,5156,4298],{},[15,5158,230],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[32,5161,5162],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[32,5164,5165,5166],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,5167,230],{},[20,5169,5170],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,5172,5173],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[60,5175,5177],{"className":62,"code":5176,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,5178,5179,5190],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,5180,5181,5183,5185,5187],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,5182,172],{"class":128},[69,5184,132],{"class":83},[69,5186,4431],{"class":128},[69,5188,5189],{"class":83},"(()))\n",[69,5191,5192,5194,5196,5198,5200,5202],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,5193,172],{"class":128},[69,5195,132],{"class":83},[69,5197,4431],{"class":128},[69,5199,132],{"class":83},[69,5201,1231],{"class":699},[69,5203,318],{"class":83},[20,5205,321],{},[60,5207,5209],{"className":62,"code":5208,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"True\nTrue\n",[15,5210,5211,5215],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,5212,5213],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,5214,4685],{"class":1203},[69,5216,5217],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,5218,4685],{"class":1203},[55,5220,5222],{"id":5221},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[377,5224,5226],{"id":5225},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,5228,5229],{},"This is wrong:",[60,5231,5233],{"className":62,"code":5232,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,5234,5235,5240],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,5236,5237],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,5238,5239],{"class":189},"# Wrong\n",[69,5241,5242],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,5243,5244],{"class":189},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,5246,5247,5249],{},[15,5248,4298],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,5251,5252],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[60,5254,5256],{"className":62,"code":5255,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,5257,5258],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,5259,5260,5262,5264,5266,5268,5270,5272,5274,5276,5278],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,5261,172],{"class":128},[69,5263,132],{"class":83},[69,5265,4431],{"class":128},[69,5267,3710],{"class":83},[69,5269,88],{"class":87},[69,5271,91],{"class":83},[69,5273,94],{"class":87},[69,5275,91],{"class":83},[69,5277,99],{"class":87},[69,5279,2201],{"class":83},[377,5281,5283,5284,5286],{"id":5282},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,5285,4298],{}," compares values automatically",[20,5288,5289],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[60,5291,5293],{"className":62,"code":5292,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,5294,5295,5315],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,5296,5297,5299,5301,5303,5305,5307,5309,5311,5313],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,5298,76],{"class":75},[69,5300,80],{"class":79},[69,5302,84],{"class":83},[69,5304,2866],{"class":87},[69,5306,91],{"class":83},[69,5308,109],{"class":87},[69,5310,91],{"class":83},[69,5312,109],{"class":87},[69,5314,117],{"class":83},[69,5316,5317,5319,5321,5323,5325,5327],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,5318,172],{"class":128},[69,5320,132],{"class":83},[69,5322,4431],{"class":128},[69,5324,132],{"class":83},[69,5326,4366],{"class":146},[69,5328,318],{"class":83},[20,5330,5331,5332,5335],{},"This does ",[42,5333,5334],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[20,5337,5338,5339,5341],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,5340,2866],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[60,5343,5344],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,5345,5346],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,5347,5348],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,5349,4685],{"class":1203},[20,5351,5352],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[60,5354,5356],{"className":62,"code":5355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,5357,5358,5378],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,5359,5360,5362,5364,5366,5368,5370,5372,5374,5376],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,5361,76],{"class":75},[69,5363,80],{"class":79},[69,5365,84],{"class":83},[69,5367,2866],{"class":87},[69,5369,91],{"class":83},[69,5371,109],{"class":87},[69,5373,91],{"class":83},[69,5375,109],{"class":87},[69,5377,117],{"class":83},[69,5379,5380,5382,5384,5386,5388,5390,5393,5395,5397,5399,5401,5403],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,5381,172],{"class":128},[69,5383,132],{"class":83},[69,5385,4431],{"class":128},[69,5387,132],{"class":83},[69,5389,3748],{"class":146},[69,5391,5392],{"class":79},"==",[69,5394,109],{"class":87},[69,5396,4587],{"class":1053},[69,5398,147],{"class":146},[69,5400,1574],{"class":1053},[69,5402,163],{"class":146},[69,5404,318],{"class":83},[377,5406,5408,5409,5411],{"id":5407},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,5410,1226],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[60,5413,5415],{"className":62,"code":5414,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,5416,5417,5443],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,5418,5419,5421,5423,5425,5427,5429,5431,5433,5435,5437,5440],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,5420,172],{"class":128},[69,5422,132],{"class":83},[69,5424,4431],{"class":128},[69,5426,3710],{"class":83},[69,5428,88],{"class":87},[69,5430,91],{"class":83},[69,5432,94],{"class":87},[69,5434,91],{"class":83},[69,5436,158],{"class":87},[69,5438,5439],{"class":83},"]))",[69,5441,5442],{"class":189},"       # False\n",[69,5444,5445,5447,5449,5451,5453,5455,5457,5459,5461,5463,5466,5468,5470,5472,5474],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,5446,172],{"class":128},[69,5448,132],{"class":83},[69,5450,4431],{"class":128},[69,5452,3710],{"class":83},[69,5454,706],{"class":699},[69,5456,533],{"class":703},[69,5458,706],{"class":699},[69,5460,91],{"class":83},[69,5462,700],{"class":699},[69,5464,5465],{"class":703},"b",[69,5467,706],{"class":699},[69,5469,91],{"class":83},[69,5471,4551],{"class":699},[69,5473,5439],{"class":83},[69,5475,5476],{"class":189},"  # False\n",[20,5478,5479,5480,537],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,5481,230],{},[377,5483,5485,5486,5488,5489],{"id":5484},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,5487,4320],{}," is ",[15,5490,224],{},[20,5492,5493],{},"This is expected behavior:",[60,5495,5497],{"className":62,"code":5496,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,5498,5499],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,5500,5501,5503,5505,5507,5510],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,5502,172],{"class":128},[69,5504,132],{"class":83},[69,5506,4431],{"class":128},[69,5508,5509],{"class":83},"([]))",[69,5511,4381],{"class":189},[20,5513,5514,5515,5517],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,5516,224],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,5519,5520],{},"Useful quick tests:",[60,5522,5524],{"className":62,"code":5523,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,5525,5526,5548,5570,5617,5653],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,5527,5528,5530,5532,5534,5536,5538,5540,5542,5544,5546],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,5529,172],{"class":128},[69,5531,132],{"class":83},[69,5533,4431],{"class":128},[69,5535,3710],{"class":83},[69,5537,88],{"class":87},[69,5539,91],{"class":83},[69,5541,94],{"class":87},[69,5543,91],{"class":83},[69,5545,99],{"class":87},[69,5547,2201],{"class":83},[69,5549,5550,5552,5554,5556,5558,5560,5562,5564,5566,5568],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,5551,172],{"class":128},[69,5553,132],{"class":83},[69,5555,4431],{"class":128},[69,5557,3710],{"class":83},[69,5559,88],{"class":87},[69,5561,91],{"class":83},[69,5563,158],{"class":87},[69,5565,91],{"class":83},[69,5567,99],{"class":87},[69,5569,2201],{"class":83},[69,5571,5572,5574,5576,5578,5580,5582,5584,5586,5588,5590,5592,5594,5596,5598,5600,5602,5604,5606,5608,5610,5612,5614],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,5573,172],{"class":128},[69,5575,3710],{"class":83},[69,5577,4578],{"class":177},[69,5579,132],{"class":83},[69,5581,2904],{"class":146},[69,5583,938],{"class":83},[69,5585,4587],{"class":1053},[69,5587,147],{"class":146},[69,5589,1574],{"class":1053},[69,5591,84],{"class":83},[69,5593,88],{"class":87},[69,5595,91],{"class":83},[69,5597,158],{"class":87},[69,5599,91],{"class":83},[69,5601,4551],{"class":699},[69,5603,91],{"class":83},[69,5605,700],{"class":699},[69,5607,1275],{"class":703},[69,5609,706],{"class":699},[69,5611,91],{"class":83},[69,5613,1282],{"class":1203},[69,5615,5616],{"class":83},"]])\n",[69,5618,5619,5621,5623,5625,5627,5629,5631,5633,5635,5637,5639,5641,5643,5645,5647,5649,5651],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,5620,172],{"class":128},[69,5622,132],{"class":83},[69,5624,4431],{"class":128},[69,5626,132],{"class":83},[69,5628,3748],{"class":146},[69,5630,294],{"class":79},[69,5632,158],{"class":87},[69,5634,4587],{"class":1053},[69,5636,147],{"class":146},[69,5638,1574],{"class":1053},[69,5640,84],{"class":83},[69,5642,88],{"class":87},[69,5644,91],{"class":83},[69,5646,94],{"class":87},[69,5648,91],{"class":83},[69,5650,99],{"class":87},[69,5652,2201],{"class":83},[69,5654,5655,5657,5659,5661],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,5656,172],{"class":128},[69,5658,132],{"class":83},[69,5660,4431],{"class":128},[69,5662,5131],{"class":83},[55,5664,1373,5666],{"id":5665},"when-to-use-all",[15,5667,4298],{},[20,5669,5670,5672],{},[15,5671,4298],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5674,5675],{},"Common use cases:",[29,5677,5678,5681,5684],{},[32,5679,5680],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[32,5682,5683],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[32,5685,5686],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5688,5689],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[60,5691,5693],{"className":62,"code":5692,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5694,5695,5731],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,5696,5697,5700,5702,5704,5706,5709,5711,5713,5715,5718,5720,5722,5724,5727,5729],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,5698,5699],{"class":75},"names ",[69,5701,80],{"class":79},[69,5703,84],{"class":83},[69,5705,706],{"class":699},[69,5707,5708],{"class":703},"Alice",[69,5710,706],{"class":699},[69,5712,91],{"class":83},[69,5714,700],{"class":699},[69,5716,5717],{"class":703},"Bob",[69,5719,706],{"class":699},[69,5721,91],{"class":83},[69,5723,700],{"class":699},[69,5725,5726],{"class":703},"Charlie",[69,5728,706],{"class":699},[69,5730,117],{"class":83},[69,5732,5733,5735,5737,5739,5741,5744],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,5734,172],{"class":128},[69,5736,132],{"class":83},[69,5738,4431],{"class":128},[69,5740,132],{"class":83},[69,5742,5743],{"class":146},"names",[69,5745,318],{"class":83},[20,5747,321],{},[60,5749,5750],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,5751,5752],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,5753,5754],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,5755,4685],{"class":1203},[20,5757,5758],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[60,5760,5762],{"className":62,"code":5761,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5763,5764,5788],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,5765,5766,5769,5771,5773,5776,5778,5781,5783,5786],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,5767,5768],{"class":75},"scores ",[69,5770,80],{"class":79},[69,5772,84],{"class":83},[69,5774,5775],{"class":87},"75",[69,5777,91],{"class":83},[69,5779,5780],{"class":87}," 80",[69,5782,91],{"class":83},[69,5784,5785],{"class":87}," 50",[69,5787,117],{"class":83},[69,5789,5790,5792,5794,5796,5798,5801,5803,5805,5807,5810,5812,5815],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,5791,172],{"class":128},[69,5793,132],{"class":83},[69,5795,4431],{"class":128},[69,5797,132],{"class":83},[69,5799,5800],{"class":146},"score ",[69,5802,486],{"class":79},[69,5804,5785],{"class":87},[69,5806,4587],{"class":1053},[69,5808,5809],{"class":146}," score ",[69,5811,1574],{"class":1053},[69,5813,5814],{"class":146}," scores",[69,5816,318],{"class":83},[20,5818,321],{},[60,5820,5821],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,5822,5823],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,5824,5825],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,5826,4685],{"class":1203},[20,5828,5829],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5831,5832,5833,5096,5836,537],{},"For related tasks, see ",[533,5834,2616],{"href":5835},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python",[533,5837,536],{"href":5838},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained",[55,5840,2519],{"id":2518},[377,5842,2561,5844,5846],{"id":5843},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[15,5845,4298],{}," return in Python?",[20,5848,5849,5850,5852,5853,5855],{},"It returns ",[15,5851,224],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5854,230],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[377,5857,5859,5860,5862,5863,3218],{"id":5858},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5861,4320],{}," return ",[15,5864,224],{},[20,5866,5867],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[377,5869,5871,5872,5874],{"id":5870},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,5873,4298],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5876,5877],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[377,5879,5881,5882,5096,5884,3218],{"id":5880},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,5883,4298],{},[15,5885,5886],{},"any()",[20,5888,5889,5891,5892,5894,5895,537],{},[15,5890,4298],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5893,5886],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[533,5896,13,5898,2515],{"href":5897},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5899,5886],{},[55,5901,2620],{"id":2619},[29,5903,5904,5910,5914,5918,5922,5927],{},[32,5905,5906],{},[533,5907,13,5908,2515],{"href":5897},[15,5909,5886],{},[32,5911,5912],{},[533,5913,4520],{"href":4519},[32,5915,5916],{},[533,5917,2648],{"href":5838},[32,5919,5920],{},[533,5921,2632],{"href":5835},[32,5923,5924],{},[533,5925,5926],{"href":5094},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[32,5928,5929],{},[533,5930,5931],{"href":5099},"What is an iterable in Python",[2650,5933,5934],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":5936},[5937,5938,5940,5941,5946,5948,5949,5958,5960,5970],{"id":4326,"depth":120,"text":4327},{"id":4393,"depth":120,"text":5939},"What all() does",{"id":4443,"depth":120,"text":4444},{"id":4636,"depth":120,"text":4637,"children":5942},[5943,5944,5945],{"id":4640,"depth":169,"text":4641},{"id":4701,"depth":169,"text":4702},{"id":4765,"depth":169,"text":4766},{"id":4901,"depth":120,"text":5947},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":5103,"depth":120,"text":5104},{"id":5221,"depth":120,"text":5222,"children":5950},[5951,5952,5954,5956],{"id":5225,"depth":169,"text":5226},{"id":5282,"depth":169,"text":5953},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":5407,"depth":169,"text":5955},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":5484,"depth":169,"text":5957},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5665,"depth":120,"text":5959},"When to use all()",{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":5961},[5962,5964,5966,5968],{"id":5843,"depth":169,"text":5963},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5858,"depth":169,"text":5965},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5870,"depth":169,"text":5967},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5880,"depth":169,"text":5969},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":4290,"description":5971},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5978,"title":5979,"body":5980,"description":7656,"extension":2697,"meta":7657,"navigation":272,"path":5897,"seo":7658,"stem":7659,"__hash__":7660},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5981,"toc":7634},[5982,5985,5993,5996,6013,6021,6064,6073,6077,6082,6085,6102,6105,6116,6128,6132,6135,6150,6155,6158,6170,6173,6257,6260,6281,6286,6288,6295,6309,6311,6345,6347,6350,6411,6413,6430,6433,6460,6462,6470,6482,6486,6489,6528,6530,6538,6540,6556,6564,6567,6610,6612,6620,6625,6629,6637,6640,6665,6668,6671,6745,6747,6755,6762,6786,6797,6800,6877,6879,6887,6894,6898,6903,6918,6920,6928,6931,6937,6940,6986,6988,7005,7009,7014,7025,7028,7135,7138,7197,7203,7205,7210,7214,7216,7235,7240,7243,7262,7266,7275,7302,7304,7312,7320,7324,7330,7353,7355,7363,7370,7374,7377,7428,7431,7482,7485,7487,7491,7498,7502,7509,7513,7521,7525,7528,7550,7552,7602,7604,7631],[10,5983,5979],{"id":5984},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5986,5987,5989,5990,537],{},[15,5988,5886],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[42,5991,5992],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5994,5995],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[29,5997,5998,6001,6004,6007,6010],{},[32,5999,6000],{},"lists",[32,6002,6003],{},"tuples",[32,6005,6006],{},"sets",[32,6008,6009],{},"strings",[32,6011,6012],{},"generator expressions",[20,6014,6015,6016,394,6018,6020],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,6017,224],{},[15,6019,230],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[60,6022,6024],{"className":62,"code":6023,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,6025,6026,6046],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,6027,6028,6030,6032,6034,6036,6038,6040,6042,6044],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,6029,4536],{"class":75},[69,6031,80],{"class":79},[69,6033,84],{"class":83},[69,6035,1226],{"class":87},[69,6037,91],{"class":83},[69,6039,4551],{"class":699},[69,6041,91],{"class":83},[69,6043,109],{"class":87},[69,6045,117],{"class":83},[69,6047,6048,6050,6052,6055,6057,6060,6062],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,6049,172],{"class":128},[69,6051,132],{"class":83},[69,6053,6054],{"class":128},"any",[69,6056,132],{"class":83},[69,6058,6059],{"class":146},"values",[69,6061,186],{"class":83},[69,6063,4381],{"class":189},[20,6065,1378,6066,6069,6070,6072],{},[15,6067,6068],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,6071,224],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[55,6074,6076],{"id":6075},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,6078,6079,6081],{},[15,6080,5886],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,6083,6084],{},"It returns:",[29,6086,6087,6092,6097],{},[32,6088,6089,6091],{},[15,6090,224],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[32,6093,6094,6096],{},[15,6095,230],{}," if all items are falsy",[32,6098,6099,6101],{},[15,6100,230],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,6103,6104],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[29,6106,6107,6110,6113],{},[32,6108,6109],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[32,6111,6112],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[32,6114,6115],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,6117,6118,6119,6122,6123,537],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[42,6120,6121],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[533,6124,6126],{"href":6125},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,6127,4298],{},[55,6129,6131],{"id":6130},"syntax","Syntax",[20,6133,6134],{},"The syntax is simple:",[60,6136,6138],{"className":62,"code":6137,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"any(iterable)\n",[15,6139,6140],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,6141,6142,6144,6146,6148],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,6143,6054],{"class":128},[69,6145,132],{"class":83},[69,6147,399],{"class":146},[69,6149,166],{"class":83},[20,6151,6152,6153,537],{},"The argument must be an ",[42,6154,399],{},[20,6156,6157],{},"Common inputs include:",[29,6159,6160,6162,6164,6166,6168],{},[32,6161,6000],{},[32,6163,6003],{},[32,6165,6006],{},[32,6167,6009],{},[32,6169,6012],{},[20,6171,6172],{},"For example:",[60,6174,6176],{"className":62,"code":6175,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,6177,6178,6200,6219,6239],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,6179,6180,6182,6184,6186,6188,6190,6192,6194,6196,6198],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,6181,172],{"class":128},[69,6183,132],{"class":83},[69,6185,6054],{"class":128},[69,6187,3710],{"class":83},[69,6189,1226],{"class":87},[69,6191,91],{"class":83},[69,6193,158],{"class":87},[69,6195,91],{"class":83},[69,6197,1263],{"class":87},[69,6199,2201],{"class":83},[69,6201,6202,6204,6206,6208,6211,6213,6215,6217],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,6203,172],{"class":128},[69,6205,132],{"class":83},[69,6207,6054],{"class":128},[69,6209,6210],{"class":83},"((",[69,6212,230],{"class":1203},[69,6214,91],{"class":83},[69,6216,1292],{"class":1203},[69,6218,2019],{"class":83},[69,6220,6221,6223,6225,6227,6230,6232,6234,6236],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,6222,172],{"class":128},[69,6224,132],{"class":83},[69,6226,6054],{"class":128},[69,6228,6229],{"class":83},"({",[69,6231,1226],{"class":87},[69,6233,91],{"class":83},[69,6235,94],{"class":87},[69,6237,6238],{"class":83},"}))\n",[69,6240,6241,6243,6245,6247,6249,6251,6253,6255],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,6242,172],{"class":128},[69,6244,132],{"class":83},[69,6246,6054],{"class":128},[69,6248,132],{"class":83},[69,6250,871],{"class":699},[69,6252,1275],{"class":703},[69,6254,871],{"class":699},[69,6256,318],{"class":83},[20,6258,6259],{},"Expected output:",[60,6261,6263],{"className":62,"code":6262,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,6264,6265,6269,6273,6277],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,6266,6267],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,6268,4685],{"class":1203},[69,6270,6271],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,6272,4746],{"class":1203},[69,6274,6275],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,6276,4685],{"class":1203},[69,6278,6279],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,6280,4685],{"class":1203},[20,6282,6283,6284,537],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[533,6285,536],{"href":535},[55,6287,4444],{"id":4443},[20,6289,4447,6290,394,6293,4452],{},[42,6291,6292],{},"truthy",[42,6294,1215],{},[29,6296,6297,6303],{},[32,6298,6299,4460,6301],{},[42,6300,4459],{},[15,6302,224],{},[32,6304,6305,4460,6307],{},[42,6306,4467],{},[15,6308,230],{},[20,6310,4472],{},[29,6312,6313,6317,6321,6325,6329,6333,6337,6341],{},[32,6314,6315],{},[15,6316,230],{},[32,6318,6319],{},[15,6320,1226],{},[32,6322,6323],{},[15,6324,4483],{},[32,6326,6327],{},[15,6328,1231],{},[32,6330,6331],{},[15,6332,4500],{},[32,6334,6335],{},[15,6336,4505],{},[32,6338,6339],{},[15,6340,4510],{},[32,6342,6343],{},[15,6344,1181],{},[20,6346,4513],{},[20,6348,6349],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[60,6351,6353],{"className":62,"code":6352,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,6354,6355,6369,6387],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,6356,6357,6359,6361,6363,6365,6367],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,6358,172],{"class":128},[69,6360,132],{"class":83},[69,6362,6054],{"class":128},[69,6364,3710],{"class":83},[69,6366,88],{"class":87},[69,6368,2201],{"class":83},[69,6370,6371,6373,6375,6377,6379,6381,6383,6385],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,6372,172],{"class":128},[69,6374,132],{"class":83},[69,6376,6054],{"class":128},[69,6378,3710],{"class":83},[69,6380,706],{"class":699},[69,6382,1275],{"class":703},[69,6384,706],{"class":699},[69,6386,2201],{"class":83},[69,6388,6389,6391,6393,6395,6398,6400,6402,6404,6406,6408],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,6390,172],{"class":128},[69,6392,132],{"class":83},[69,6394,6054],{"class":128},[69,6396,6397],{"class":83},"([[",[69,6399,88],{"class":87},[69,6401,91],{"class":83},[69,6403,94],{"class":87},[69,6405,91],{"class":83},[69,6407,99],{"class":87},[69,6409,6410],{"class":83},"]]))\n",[20,6412,6259],{},[60,6414,6416],{"className":62,"code":6415,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,6417,6418,6422,6426],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,6419,6420],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,6421,4685],{"class":1203},[69,6423,6424],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,6425,4685],{"class":1203},[69,6427,6428],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,6429,4685],{"class":1203},[20,6431,6432],{},"And these are all falsy:",[60,6434,6436],{"className":62,"code":6435,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,6437,6438],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,6439,6440,6442,6444,6446,6448,6450,6452,6454,6456,6458],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,6441,172],{"class":128},[69,6443,132],{"class":83},[69,6445,6054],{"class":128},[69,6447,3710],{"class":83},[69,6449,1226],{"class":87},[69,6451,91],{"class":83},[69,6453,4551],{"class":699},[69,6455,91],{"class":83},[69,6457,1282],{"class":1203},[69,6459,2201],{"class":83},[20,6461,6259],{},[60,6463,6464],{"className":62,"code":4746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,6465,6466],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,6467,6468],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,6469,4746],{"class":1203},[20,6471,6472,6473,5096,6476,537],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[533,6474,4520],{"href":6475},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[533,6477,6479,6481],{"href":6478},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,6480,4526],{}," explained",[55,6483,6485],{"id":6484},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,6487,6488],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[60,6490,6492],{"className":62,"code":6491,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6493,6494,6514],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,6495,6496,6498,6500,6502,6504,6506,6508,6510,6512],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,6497,4536],{"class":75},[69,6499,80],{"class":79},[69,6501,84],{"class":83},[69,6503,1226],{"class":87},[69,6505,91],{"class":83},[69,6507,4551],{"class":699},[69,6509,91],{"class":83},[69,6511,109],{"class":87},[69,6513,117],{"class":83},[69,6515,6516,6518,6520,6522,6524,6526],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,6517,172],{"class":128},[69,6519,132],{"class":83},[69,6521,6054],{"class":128},[69,6523,132],{"class":83},[69,6525,6059],{"class":146},[69,6527,318],{"class":83},[20,6529,321],{},[60,6531,6532],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,6533,6534],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,6535,6536],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,6537,4685],{"class":1203},[20,6539,5144],{},[29,6541,6542,6547,6551],{},[32,6543,6544,6546],{},[15,6545,1226],{}," is falsy",[32,6548,6549,6546],{},[15,6550,1231],{},[32,6552,6553,6555],{},[15,6554,2866],{}," is truthy",[20,6557,6558,6559,1172,6562,537],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,6560,6561],{},"any(values)",[15,6563,224],{},[20,6565,6566],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[60,6568,6570],{"className":62,"code":6569,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6571,6572,6596],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,6573,6574,6576,6578,6580,6582,6584,6586,6588,6590,6592,6594],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,6575,4536],{"class":75},[69,6577,80],{"class":79},[69,6579,84],{"class":83},[69,6581,1226],{"class":87},[69,6583,91],{"class":83},[69,6585,4551],{"class":699},[69,6587,91],{"class":83},[69,6589,1282],{"class":1203},[69,6591,91],{"class":83},[69,6593,1292],{"class":1203},[69,6595,117],{"class":83},[69,6597,6598,6600,6602,6604,6606,6608],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,6599,172],{"class":128},[69,6601,132],{"class":83},[69,6603,6054],{"class":128},[69,6605,132],{"class":83},[69,6607,6059],{"class":146},[69,6609,318],{"class":83},[20,6611,321],{},[60,6613,6614],{"className":62,"code":4746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,6615,6616],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,6617,6618],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,6619,4746],{"class":1203},[20,6621,6622,6623,537],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6624,230],{},[55,6626,6628],{"id":6627},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6630,6631,6633,6634,537],{},[15,6632,5886],{}," is often used with a ",[42,6635,6636],{},"generator expression",[20,6638,6639],{},"This is a common pattern:",[60,6641,6643],{"className":62,"code":6642,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6644,6645],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,6646,6647,6649,6651,6654,6656,6659,6661,6663],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,6648,6054],{"class":128},[69,6650,132],{"class":83},[69,6652,6653],{"class":146},"condition ",[69,6655,1514],{"class":1053},[69,6657,6658],{"class":146}," item ",[69,6660,1574],{"class":1053},[69,6662,1319],{"class":146},[69,6664,166],{"class":83},[20,6666,6667],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6669,6670],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[60,6672,6674],{"className":62,"code":6673,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6675,6676,6704,6708,6735],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,6677,6678,6680,6682,6684,6686,6688,6691,6693,6695,6697,6699,6702],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,6679,76],{"class":75},[69,6681,80],{"class":79},[69,6683,84],{"class":83},[69,6685,334],{"class":87},[69,6687,91],{"class":83},[69,6689,6690],{"class":87}," 7",[69,6692,91],{"class":83},[69,6694,1979],{"class":79},[69,6696,1155],{"class":87},[69,6698,91],{"class":83},[69,6700,6701],{"class":87}," 10",[69,6703,117],{"class":83},[69,6705,6706],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,6707,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,6709,6710,6712,6714,6717,6719,6721,6723,6725,6727,6729,6731,6733],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,6711,123],{"class":75},[69,6713,80],{"class":79},[69,6715,6716],{"class":128}," any",[69,6718,132],{"class":83},[69,6720,3748],{"class":146},[69,6722,674],{"class":79},[69,6724,158],{"class":87},[69,6726,4587],{"class":1053},[69,6728,147],{"class":146},[69,6730,1574],{"class":1053},[69,6732,163],{"class":146},[69,6734,166],{"class":83},[69,6736,6737,6739,6741,6743],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,6738,172],{"class":128},[69,6740,132],{"class":83},[69,6742,183],{"class":146},[69,6744,166],{"class":83},[20,6746,321],{},[60,6748,6749],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,6750,6751],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,6752,6753],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,6754,4685],{"class":1203},[20,6756,6757,6758,6761],{},"This works because ",[15,6759,6760],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[29,6763,6764,6772,6779],{},[32,6765,6766,6769,6770],{},[15,6767,6768],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6771,230],{},[32,6773,6774,6769,6777],{},[15,6775,6776],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6778,230],{},[32,6780,6781,6769,6784],{},[15,6782,6783],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6785,224],{},[20,6787,6788,6789,6791,6792,6794,6795,537],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6790,224],{}," result, ",[15,6793,5886],{}," can return ",[15,6796,224],{},[20,6798,6799],{},"Here is another example:",[60,6801,6803],{"className":62,"code":6802,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6804,6805,6833,6837,6866],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,6806,6807,6809,6811,6813,6815,6817,6819,6821,6823,6825,6827,6829,6831],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,6808,864],{"class":75},[69,6810,80],{"class":79},[69,6812,84],{"class":83},[69,6814,871],{"class":699},[69,6816,874],{"class":703},[69,6818,871],{"class":699},[69,6820,91],{"class":83},[69,6822,1268],{"class":699},[69,6824,91],{"class":83},[69,6826,881],{"class":699},[69,6828,893],{"class":703},[69,6830,871],{"class":699},[69,6832,117],{"class":83},[69,6834,6835],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,6836,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,6838,6839,6842,6844,6846,6848,6851,6853,6855,6857,6860,6862,6864],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,6840,6841],{"class":75},"has_empty_string ",[69,6843,80],{"class":79},[69,6845,6716],{"class":128},[69,6847,132],{"class":83},[69,6849,6850],{"class":146},"word ",[69,6852,5392],{"class":79},[69,6854,1268],{"class":699},[69,6856,4587],{"class":1053},[69,6858,6859],{"class":146}," word ",[69,6861,1574],{"class":1053},[69,6863,948],{"class":146},[69,6865,166],{"class":83},[69,6867,6868,6870,6872,6875],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,6869,172],{"class":128},[69,6871,132],{"class":83},[69,6873,6874],{"class":146},"has_empty_string",[69,6876,166],{"class":83},[20,6878,321],{},[60,6880,6881],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,6882,6883],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,6884,6885],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,6886,4685],{"class":1203},[20,6888,6889,6890,537],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[533,6891,6893],{"href":6892},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[55,6895,6897],{"id":6896},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6899,6900,6901,143],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6902,230],{},[60,6904,6906],{"className":62,"code":6905,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6907,6908],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,6909,6910,6912,6914,6916],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,6911,172],{"class":128},[69,6913,132],{"class":83},[69,6915,6054],{"class":128},[69,6917,5131],{"class":83},[20,6919,321],{},[60,6921,6922],{"className":62,"code":4746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,6923,6924],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,6925,6926],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,6927,4746],{"class":1203},[20,6929,6930],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6932,6933,6934,6936],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6935,5886],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6938,6939],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[60,6941,6943],{"className":62,"code":6942,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6944,6945,6955,6970],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,6946,6947,6949,6951,6953],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,6948,172],{"class":128},[69,6950,132],{"class":83},[69,6952,6054],{"class":128},[69,6954,5189],{"class":83},[69,6956,6957,6959,6961,6963,6965,6968],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,6958,172],{"class":128},[69,6960,132],{"class":83},[69,6962,6054],{"class":128},[69,6964,132],{"class":83},[69,6966,6967],{"class":699},"\"\"",[69,6969,318],{"class":83},[69,6971,6972,6974,6976,6978,6980,6983],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,6973,172],{"class":128},[69,6975,132],{"class":83},[69,6977,6054],{"class":128},[69,6979,132],{"class":83},[69,6981,6982],{"class":177},"set",[69,6984,6985],{"class":83},"()))\n",[20,6987,321],{},[60,6989,6991],{"className":62,"code":6990,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6992,6993,6997,7001],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,6994,6995],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,6996,4746],{"class":1203},[69,6998,6999],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,7000,4746],{"class":1203},[69,7002,7003],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,7004,4746],{"class":1203},[55,7006,7008],{"id":7007},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,7010,1378,7011,7013],{},[15,7012,5886],{}," when you want to:",[29,7015,7016,7019,7022],{},[32,7017,7018],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[32,7020,7021],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[32,7023,7024],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,7026,7027],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[60,7029,7031],{"className":62,"code":7030,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,7032,7033,7057,7061,7071,7075,7087,7103,7113,7118,7123],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7034,7035,7037,7039,7041,7043,7045,7047,7049,7051,7053,7055],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7036,76],{"class":75},[69,7038,80],{"class":79},[69,7040,84],{"class":83},[69,7042,88],{"class":87},[69,7044,91],{"class":83},[69,7046,99],{"class":87},[69,7048,91],{"class":83},[69,7050,109],{"class":87},[69,7052,91],{"class":83},[69,7054,2504],{"class":87},[69,7056,117],{"class":83},[69,7058,7059],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,7060,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,7062,7063,7066,7068],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,7064,7065],{"class":75},"found_even ",[69,7067,80],{"class":79},[69,7069,7070],{"class":1203}," False\n",[69,7072,7073],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,7074,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,7076,7077,7079,7081,7083,7085],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,7078,1514],{"class":1053},[69,7080,1057],{"class":75},[69,7082,1574],{"class":1053},[69,7084,163],{"class":75},[69,7086,1579],{"class":83},[69,7088,7089,7091,7093,7095,7097,7099,7101],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,7090,1584],{"class":1053},[69,7092,1057],{"class":75},[69,7094,150],{"class":79},[69,7096,94],{"class":87},[69,7098,155],{"class":79},[69,7100,158],{"class":87},[69,7102,1579],{"class":83},[69,7104,7105,7108,7110],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,7106,7107],{"class":75},"        found_even ",[69,7109,80],{"class":79},[69,7111,7112],{"class":1203}," True\n",[69,7114,7115],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,7116,7117],{"class":1053},"        break\n",[69,7119,7121],{"class":71,"line":7120},9,[69,7122,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,7124,7126,7128,7130,7133],{"class":71,"line":7125},10,[69,7127,172],{"class":128},[69,7129,132],{"class":83},[69,7131,7132],{"class":146},"found_even",[69,7134,166],{"class":83},[20,7136,7137],{},"You can write:",[60,7139,7141],{"className":62,"code":7140,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,7142,7143,7167],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7144,7145,7147,7149,7151,7153,7155,7157,7159,7161,7163,7165],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7146,76],{"class":75},[69,7148,80],{"class":79},[69,7150,84],{"class":83},[69,7152,88],{"class":87},[69,7154,91],{"class":83},[69,7156,99],{"class":87},[69,7158,91],{"class":83},[69,7160,109],{"class":87},[69,7162,91],{"class":83},[69,7164,2504],{"class":87},[69,7166,117],{"class":83},[69,7168,7169,7171,7173,7175,7177,7179,7181,7183,7185,7187,7189,7191,7193,7195],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,7170,172],{"class":128},[69,7172,132],{"class":83},[69,7174,6054],{"class":128},[69,7176,132],{"class":83},[69,7178,1700],{"class":146},[69,7180,150],{"class":79},[69,7182,94],{"class":87},[69,7184,155],{"class":79},[69,7186,158],{"class":87},[69,7188,4587],{"class":1053},[69,7190,1057],{"class":146},[69,7192,1574],{"class":1053},[69,7194,163],{"class":146},[69,7196,318],{"class":83},[20,7198,7199,7200,7202],{},"Both work, but ",[15,7201,5886],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[55,7204,5222],{"id":5221},[20,7206,7207,7208,537],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,7209,5886],{},[377,7211,7213],{"id":7212},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,7215,5229],{},[60,7217,7219],{"className":62,"code":7218,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(any(5))\n",[15,7220,7221],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7222,7223,7225,7227,7229,7231,7233],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7224,172],{"class":128},[69,7226,132],{"class":83},[69,7228,6054],{"class":128},[69,7230,132],{"class":83},[69,7232,2866],{"class":87},[69,7234,318],{"class":83},[20,7236,7237,7238,2250],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,7239,2866],{},[20,7241,7242],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[60,7244,7246],{"className":62,"code":7245,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,7247,7248],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7249,7250,7252,7254,7256,7258,7260],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7251,172],{"class":128},[69,7253,132],{"class":83},[69,7255,6054],{"class":128},[69,7257,3710],{"class":83},[69,7259,2866],{"class":87},[69,7261,2201],{"class":83},[377,7263,7265],{"id":7264},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,7267,7268,7270,7271,7274],{},[15,7269,5886],{}," needs only ",[42,7272,7273],{},"one"," truthy item.",[60,7276,7278],{"className":62,"code":7277,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,7279,7280],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7281,7282,7284,7286,7288,7290,7292,7294,7296,7298,7300],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7283,172],{"class":128},[69,7285,132],{"class":83},[69,7287,6054],{"class":128},[69,7289,3710],{"class":83},[69,7291,230],{"class":1203},[69,7293,91],{"class":83},[69,7295,1292],{"class":1203},[69,7297,91],{"class":83},[69,7299,1287],{"class":1203},[69,7301,2201],{"class":83},[20,7303,321],{},[60,7305,7306],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,7307,7308],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7309,7310],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7311,4685],{"class":1203},[20,7313,7314,7315,7319],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[533,7316,7317],{"href":6125},[15,7318,4298],{}," instead.",[377,7321,7323],{"id":7322},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,7325,7326,7327,537],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,7328,7329],{},"\"True\"",[60,7331,7333],{"className":62,"code":7332,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,7334,7335],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7336,7337,7339,7341,7343,7345,7347,7349,7351],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7338,172],{"class":128},[69,7340,132],{"class":83},[69,7342,6054],{"class":128},[69,7344,3710],{"class":83},[69,7346,871],{"class":699},[69,7348,230],{"class":703},[69,7350,871],{"class":699},[69,7352,2201],{"class":83},[20,7354,321],{},[60,7356,7357],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,7358,7359],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7360,7361],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7362,4685],{"class":1203},[20,7364,7365,7366,7369],{},"That is because ",[15,7367,7368],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[377,7371,7373],{"id":7372},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,7375,7376],{},"This works:",[60,7378,7380],{"className":62,"code":7379,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,7381,7382,7402],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7383,7384,7386,7388,7390,7392,7394,7396,7398,7400],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7385,76],{"class":75},[69,7387,80],{"class":79},[69,7389,84],{"class":83},[69,7391,88],{"class":87},[69,7393,91],{"class":83},[69,7395,94],{"class":87},[69,7397,91],{"class":83},[69,7399,99],{"class":87},[69,7401,117],{"class":83},[69,7403,7404,7406,7408,7410,7412,7414,7416,7418,7420,7422,7424,7426],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,7405,172],{"class":128},[69,7407,132],{"class":83},[69,7409,6054],{"class":128},[69,7411,3710],{"class":83},[69,7413,3748],{"class":146},[69,7415,294],{"class":79},[69,7417,94],{"class":87},[69,7419,4587],{"class":1053},[69,7421,147],{"class":146},[69,7423,1574],{"class":1053},[69,7425,163],{"class":146},[69,7427,2201],{"class":83},[20,7429,7430],{},"But this is usually better:",[60,7432,7434],{"className":62,"code":7433,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,7435,7436,7456],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7437,7438,7440,7442,7444,7446,7448,7450,7452,7454],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7439,76],{"class":75},[69,7441,80],{"class":79},[69,7443,84],{"class":83},[69,7445,88],{"class":87},[69,7447,91],{"class":83},[69,7449,94],{"class":87},[69,7451,91],{"class":83},[69,7453,99],{"class":87},[69,7455,117],{"class":83},[69,7457,7458,7460,7462,7464,7466,7468,7470,7472,7474,7476,7478,7480],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,7459,172],{"class":128},[69,7461,132],{"class":83},[69,7463,6054],{"class":128},[69,7465,132],{"class":83},[69,7467,3748],{"class":146},[69,7469,294],{"class":79},[69,7471,94],{"class":87},[69,7473,4587],{"class":1053},[69,7475,147],{"class":146},[69,7477,1574],{"class":1053},[69,7479,163],{"class":146},[69,7481,318],{"class":83},[20,7483,7484],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[55,7486,2519],{"id":2518},[377,7488,7490],{"id":7489},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,7492,5849,7493,7495,7496,537],{},[15,7494,224],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,7497,230],{},[377,7499,7501],{"id":7500},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,7503,7504,1172,7506,7508],{},[15,7505,5886],{},[15,7507,230],{}," for an empty iterable.",[377,7510,7512],{"id":7511},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,7514,7515,7517,7518,7520],{},[15,7516,5886],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,7519,4298],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[377,7522,7524],{"id":7523},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,7526,7527],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[60,7529,7530],{"className":62,"code":6642,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,7531,7532],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7533,7534,7536,7538,7540,7542,7544,7546,7548],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7535,6054],{"class":128},[69,7537,132],{"class":83},[69,7539,6653],{"class":146},[69,7541,1514],{"class":1053},[69,7543,6658],{"class":146},[69,7545,1574],{"class":1053},[69,7547,1319],{"class":146},[69,7549,166],{"class":83},[20,7551,6172],{},[60,7553,7554],{"className":62,"code":7433,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,7555,7556,7576],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7557,7558,7560,7562,7564,7566,7568,7570,7572,7574],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7559,76],{"class":75},[69,7561,80],{"class":79},[69,7563,84],{"class":83},[69,7565,88],{"class":87},[69,7567,91],{"class":83},[69,7569,94],{"class":87},[69,7571,91],{"class":83},[69,7573,99],{"class":87},[69,7575,117],{"class":83},[69,7577,7578,7580,7582,7584,7586,7588,7590,7592,7594,7596,7598,7600],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,7579,172],{"class":128},[69,7581,132],{"class":83},[69,7583,6054],{"class":128},[69,7585,132],{"class":83},[69,7587,3748],{"class":146},[69,7589,294],{"class":79},[69,7591,94],{"class":87},[69,7593,4587],{"class":1053},[69,7595,147],{"class":146},[69,7597,1574],{"class":1053},[69,7599,163],{"class":146},[69,7601,318],{"class":83},[55,7603,2620],{"id":2619},[29,7605,7606,7612,7616,7620,7625],{},[32,7607,7608],{},[533,7609,7610,2515],{"href":6125},[15,7611,4298],{},[32,7613,7614],{},[533,7615,4520],{"href":6475},[32,7617,7618],{},[533,7619,2648],{"href":535},[32,7621,7622],{},[533,7623,7624],{"href":6892},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[32,7626,7627],{},[533,7628,7629,2515],{"href":6478},[15,7630,4526],{},[2650,7632,7633],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":7635},[7636,7637,7638,7639,7640,7641,7642,7643,7649,7655],{"id":6075,"depth":120,"text":6076},{"id":6130,"depth":120,"text":6131},{"id":4443,"depth":120,"text":4444},{"id":6484,"depth":120,"text":6485},{"id":6627,"depth":120,"text":6628},{"id":6896,"depth":120,"text":6897},{"id":7007,"depth":120,"text":7008},{"id":5221,"depth":120,"text":5222,"children":7644},[7645,7646,7647,7648],{"id":7212,"depth":169,"text":7213},{"id":7264,"depth":169,"text":7265},{"id":7322,"depth":169,"text":7323},{"id":7372,"depth":169,"text":7373},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":7650},[7651,7652,7653,7654],{"id":7489,"depth":169,"text":7490},{"id":7500,"depth":169,"text":7501},{"id":7511,"depth":169,"text":7512},{"id":7523,"depth":169,"text":7524},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5979,"description":7656},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7662,"title":7663,"body":7664,"description":9790,"extension":2697,"meta":9791,"navigation":272,"path":9792,"seo":9793,"stem":9794,"__hash__":9795},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7665,"toc":9753},[7666,7669,7678,7687,7689,7786,7788,7817,7833,7837,7842,7845,7855,7861,7867,7883,7885,7893,7900,7904,7907,7922,7927,7945,7950,7952,8000,8002,8019,8023,8028,8031,8066,8068,8174,8176,8213,8217,8225,8227,8247,8249,8370,8372,8401,8404,8427,8429,8437,8445,8449,8455,8459,8500,8502,8510,8513,8540,8542,8550,8554,8583,8585,8593,8625,8627,8635,8639,8690,8692,8700,8708,8712,8715,8768,8770,8790,8797,8801,8807,8810,8818,8840,8842,8850,8858,8881,8883,8891,8896,8901,8913,8915,8956,8967,8971,8980,8983,8986,9044,9047,9099,9102,9107,9123,9129,9131,9136,9144,9147,9169,9171,9179,9184,9187,9222,9224,9232,9236,9241,9279,9291,9294,9349,9357,9361,9364,9386,9394,9397,9438,9440,9463,9469,9475,9490,9492,9512,9515,9534,9536,9555,9559,9565,9644,9647,9661,9668,9670,9674,9681,9685,9689,9693,9698,9702,9707,9711,9718,9720,9750],[10,7667,7663],{"id":7668},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7670,2714,7671,7673,7674,394,7676,537],{},[15,7672,4526],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7675,224],{},[15,7677,230],{},[20,7679,7680,7681,7683,7684,7686],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7682,4526],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7685,1712],{}," statements and other conditions.",[55,7688,4327],{"id":4326},[60,7690,7692],{"className":62,"code":7691,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7693,7694,7708,7722,7736,7754,7764],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7695,7696,7698,7700,7702,7704,7706],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7697,172],{"class":128},[69,7699,132],{"class":83},[69,7701,4578],{"class":177},[69,7703,132],{"class":83},[69,7705,1226],{"class":87},[69,7707,318],{"class":83},[69,7709,7710,7712,7714,7716,7718,7720],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,7711,172],{"class":128},[69,7713,132],{"class":83},[69,7715,4578],{"class":177},[69,7717,132],{"class":83},[69,7719,88],{"class":87},[69,7721,318],{"class":83},[69,7723,7724,7726,7728,7730,7732,7734],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,7725,172],{"class":128},[69,7727,132],{"class":83},[69,7729,4578],{"class":177},[69,7731,132],{"class":83},[69,7733,6967],{"class":699},[69,7735,318],{"class":83},[69,7737,7738,7740,7742,7744,7746,7748,7750,7752],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,7739,172],{"class":128},[69,7741,132],{"class":83},[69,7743,4578],{"class":177},[69,7745,132],{"class":83},[69,7747,871],{"class":699},[69,7749,1275],{"class":703},[69,7751,871],{"class":699},[69,7753,318],{"class":83},[69,7755,7756,7758,7760,7762],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,7757,172],{"class":128},[69,7759,132],{"class":83},[69,7761,4578],{"class":177},[69,7763,5131],{"class":83},[69,7765,7766,7768,7770,7772,7774,7776,7778,7780,7782,7784],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,7767,172],{"class":128},[69,7769,132],{"class":83},[69,7771,4578],{"class":177},[69,7773,3710],{"class":83},[69,7775,88],{"class":87},[69,7777,91],{"class":83},[69,7779,94],{"class":87},[69,7781,91],{"class":83},[69,7783,99],{"class":87},[69,7785,2201],{"class":83},[20,7787,6259],{},[60,7789,7791],{"className":62,"code":7790,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7792,7793,7797,7801,7805,7809,7813],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7794,7795],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7796,4746],{"class":1203},[69,7798,7799],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,7800,4685],{"class":1203},[69,7802,7803],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,7804,4746],{"class":1203},[69,7806,7807],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,7808,4685],{"class":1203},[69,7810,7811],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,7812,4746],{"class":1203},[69,7814,7815],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,7816,4685],{"class":1203},[20,7818,1378,7819,7822,7823,394,7825,7827,7828,7830,7831,537],{},[15,7820,7821],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7824,224],{},[15,7826,230],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7829,230],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7832,224],{},[55,7834,7836],{"id":7835},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7838,7839,7841],{},[15,7840,4526],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7843,7844],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[29,7846,7847,7851],{},[32,7848,7849],{},[15,7850,224],{},[32,7852,7853],{},[15,7854,230],{},[20,7856,7857,7858,7860],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7859,1712],{}," statements.",[20,7862,7863,7864,7866],{},"You can also call ",[15,7865,4526],{}," with no argument:",[60,7868,7870],{"className":62,"code":7869,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(bool())\n",[15,7871,7872],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7873,7874,7876,7878,7880],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7875,172],{"class":128},[69,7877,132],{"class":83},[69,7879,4578],{"class":177},[69,7881,7882],{"class":83},"())\n",[20,7884,321],{},[60,7886,7887],{"className":62,"code":4746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,7888,7889],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7890,7891],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7892,4746],{"class":1203},[20,7894,7895,7896,537],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[533,7897,7899],{"href":7898},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[55,7901,7903],{"id":7902},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7905,7906],{},"The basic syntax is:",[60,7908,7910],{"className":62,"code":7909,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"bool(value)\n",[15,7911,7912],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7913,7914,7916,7918,7920],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7915,4578],{"class":177},[69,7917,132],{"class":83},[69,7919,3198],{"class":146},[69,7921,166],{"class":83},[20,7923,2714,7924,7926],{},[15,7925,3198],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[29,7928,7929,7931,7933,7935,7937,7940,7942],{},[32,7930,4366],{},[32,7932,6009],{},[32,7934,6000],{},[32,7936,6003],{},[32,7938,7939],{},"dictionaries",[32,7941,6006],{},[32,7943,7944],{},"other objects",[20,7946,7947,7948,537],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7949,230],{},[20,7951,234],{},[60,7953,7955],{"className":62,"code":7954,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7956,7957,7971,7990],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,7958,7959,7961,7963,7965,7967,7969],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,7960,172],{"class":128},[69,7962,132],{"class":83},[69,7964,4578],{"class":177},[69,7966,132],{"class":83},[69,7968,444],{"class":87},[69,7970,318],{"class":83},[69,7972,7973,7975,7977,7979,7981,7983,7986,7988],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,7974,172],{"class":128},[69,7976,132],{"class":83},[69,7978,4578],{"class":177},[69,7980,132],{"class":83},[69,7982,871],{"class":699},[69,7984,7985],{"class":703},"Python",[69,7987,871],{"class":699},[69,7989,318],{"class":83},[69,7991,7992,7994,7996,7998],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,7993,172],{"class":128},[69,7995,132],{"class":83},[69,7997,4578],{"class":177},[69,7999,7882],{"class":83},[20,8001,321],{},[60,8003,8005],{"className":62,"code":8004,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,8006,8007,8011,8015],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8008,8009],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8010,4685],{"class":1203},[69,8012,8013],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,8014,4685],{"class":1203},[69,8016,8017],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,8018,4746],{"class":1203},[55,8020,8022],{"id":8021},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,8024,8025,8026,1216],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[42,8027,1215],{},[20,8029,8030],{},"Common examples:",[29,8032,8033,8037,8041,8045,8049,8054,8058,8062],{},[32,8034,8035],{},[15,8036,1226],{},[32,8038,8039],{},[15,8040,4483],{},[32,8042,8043],{},[15,8044,6967],{},[32,8046,8047],{},[15,8048,4500],{},[32,8050,8051],{},[15,8052,8053],{},"()",[32,8055,8056],{},[15,8057,4505],{},[32,8059,8060],{},[15,8061,4510],{},[32,8063,8064],{},[15,8065,1181],{},[20,8067,234],{},[60,8069,8071],{"className":62,"code":8070,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,8072,8073,8087,8101,8115,8125,8135,8146,8160],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8074,8075,8077,8079,8081,8083,8085],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8076,172],{"class":128},[69,8078,132],{"class":83},[69,8080,4578],{"class":177},[69,8082,132],{"class":83},[69,8084,1226],{"class":87},[69,8086,318],{"class":83},[69,8088,8089,8091,8093,8095,8097,8099],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,8090,172],{"class":128},[69,8092,132],{"class":83},[69,8094,4578],{"class":177},[69,8096,132],{"class":83},[69,8098,4483],{"class":87},[69,8100,318],{"class":83},[69,8102,8103,8105,8107,8109,8111,8113],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,8104,172],{"class":128},[69,8106,132],{"class":83},[69,8108,4578],{"class":177},[69,8110,132],{"class":83},[69,8112,6967],{"class":699},[69,8114,318],{"class":83},[69,8116,8117,8119,8121,8123],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,8118,172],{"class":128},[69,8120,132],{"class":83},[69,8122,4578],{"class":177},[69,8124,5131],{"class":83},[69,8126,8127,8129,8131,8133],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,8128,172],{"class":128},[69,8130,132],{"class":83},[69,8132,4578],{"class":177},[69,8134,5189],{"class":83},[69,8136,8137,8139,8141,8143],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,8138,172],{"class":128},[69,8140,132],{"class":83},[69,8142,4578],{"class":177},[69,8144,8145],{"class":83},"({}))\n",[69,8147,8148,8150,8152,8154,8156,8158],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,8149,172],{"class":128},[69,8151,132],{"class":83},[69,8153,4578],{"class":177},[69,8155,132],{"class":83},[69,8157,6982],{"class":177},[69,8159,6985],{"class":83},[69,8161,8162,8164,8166,8168,8170,8172],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,8163,172],{"class":128},[69,8165,132],{"class":83},[69,8167,4578],{"class":177},[69,8169,132],{"class":83},[69,8171,1181],{"class":1203},[69,8173,318],{"class":83},[20,8175,321],{},[60,8177,8179],{"className":62,"code":8178,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,8180,8181,8185,8189,8193,8197,8201,8205,8209],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8182,8183],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8184,4746],{"class":1203},[69,8186,8187],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,8188,4746],{"class":1203},[69,8190,8191],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,8192,4746],{"class":1203},[69,8194,8195],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,8196,4746],{"class":1203},[69,8198,8199],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,8200,4746],{"class":1203},[69,8202,8203],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,8204,4746],{"class":1203},[69,8206,8207],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,8208,4746],{"class":1203},[69,8210,8211],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,8212,4746],{"class":1203},[55,8214,8216],{"id":8215},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,8218,8219,8220,8222,8223,1216],{},"Many values become ",[15,8221,224],{},". These are often called ",[42,8224,6292],{},[20,8226,8030],{},[29,8228,8229,8232,8235,8238,8241,8244],{},[32,8230,8231],{},"non-zero numbers",[32,8233,8234],{},"non-empty strings",[32,8236,8237],{},"non-empty lists",[32,8239,8240],{},"non-empty tuples",[32,8242,8243],{},"non-empty sets",[32,8245,8246],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,8248,234],{},[60,8250,8252],{"className":62,"code":8251,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,8253,8254,8268,8284,8302,8324,8342],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8255,8256,8258,8260,8262,8264,8266],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8257,172],{"class":128},[69,8259,132],{"class":83},[69,8261,4578],{"class":177},[69,8263,132],{"class":83},[69,8265,2866],{"class":87},[69,8267,318],{"class":83},[69,8269,8270,8272,8274,8276,8278,8280,8282],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,8271,172],{"class":128},[69,8273,132],{"class":83},[69,8275,4578],{"class":177},[69,8277,132],{"class":83},[69,8279,1972],{"class":79},[69,8281,1155],{"class":87},[69,8283,318],{"class":83},[69,8285,8286,8288,8290,8292,8294,8296,8298,8300],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,8287,172],{"class":128},[69,8289,132],{"class":83},[69,8291,4578],{"class":177},[69,8293,132],{"class":83},[69,8295,871],{"class":699},[69,8297,1275],{"class":703},[69,8299,871],{"class":699},[69,8301,318],{"class":83},[69,8303,8304,8306,8308,8310,8312,8314,8316,8318,8320,8322],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,8305,172],{"class":128},[69,8307,132],{"class":83},[69,8309,4578],{"class":177},[69,8311,3710],{"class":83},[69,8313,88],{"class":87},[69,8315,91],{"class":83},[69,8317,94],{"class":87},[69,8319,91],{"class":83},[69,8321,99],{"class":87},[69,8323,2201],{"class":83},[69,8325,8326,8328,8330,8332,8334,8336,8338,8340],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,8327,172],{"class":128},[69,8329,132],{"class":83},[69,8331,4578],{"class":177},[69,8333,6210],{"class":83},[69,8335,88],{"class":87},[69,8337,91],{"class":83},[69,8339,94],{"class":87},[69,8341,2019],{"class":83},[69,8343,8344,8346,8348,8350,8352,8354,8357,8359,8361,8363,8366,8368],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,8345,172],{"class":128},[69,8347,132],{"class":83},[69,8349,4578],{"class":177},[69,8351,6229],{"class":83},[69,8353,871],{"class":699},[69,8355,8356],{"class":703},"name",[69,8358,871],{"class":699},[69,8360,143],{"class":83},[69,8362,881],{"class":699},[69,8364,8365],{"class":703},"Sam",[69,8367,871],{"class":699},[69,8369,6238],{"class":83},[20,8371,321],{},[60,8373,8375],{"className":62,"code":8374,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,8376,8377,8381,8385,8389,8393,8397],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8378,8379],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8380,4685],{"class":1203},[69,8382,8383],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,8384,4685],{"class":1203},[69,8386,8387],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,8388,4685],{"class":1203},[69,8390,8391],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,8392,4685],{"class":1203},[69,8394,8395],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,8396,4685],{"class":1203},[69,8398,8399],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,8400,4685],{"class":1203},[20,8402,8403],{},"One important example is this:",[60,8405,8407],{"className":62,"code":8406,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,8408,8409],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8410,8411,8413,8415,8417,8419,8421,8423,8425],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8412,172],{"class":128},[69,8414,132],{"class":83},[69,8416,4578],{"class":177},[69,8418,132],{"class":83},[69,8420,871],{"class":699},[69,8422,230],{"class":703},[69,8424,871],{"class":699},[69,8426,318],{"class":83},[20,8428,321],{},[60,8430,8431],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,8432,8433],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8434,8435],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8436,4685],{"class":1203},[20,8438,8439,8440,8442,8443,537],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,8441,7368],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,8444,224],{},[55,8446,8448],{"id":8447},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,8450,8451,8452,8454],{},"You can use ",[15,8453,4526],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[377,8456,8458],{"id":8457},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[60,8460,8462],{"className":62,"code":8461,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8463,8464,8485],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8465,8466,8468,8470,8472,8474,8476,8478,8480,8483],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8467,1252],{"class":75},[69,8469,80],{"class":79},[69,8471,84],{"class":83},[69,8473,444],{"class":87},[69,8475,91],{"class":83},[69,8477,454],{"class":87},[69,8479,91],{"class":83},[69,8481,8482],{"class":87}," 30",[69,8484,117],{"class":83},[69,8486,8487,8489,8491,8493,8495,8498],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,8488,172],{"class":128},[69,8490,132],{"class":83},[69,8492,4578],{"class":177},[69,8494,132],{"class":83},[69,8496,8497],{"class":146},"items",[69,8499,318],{"class":83},[20,8501,321],{},[60,8503,8504],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,8505,8506],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8507,8508],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8509,4685],{"class":1203},[20,8511,8512],{},"With an empty list:",[60,8514,8516],{"className":62,"code":8515,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8517,8518,8526],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8519,8520,8522,8524],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8521,1252],{"class":75},[69,8523,80],{"class":79},[69,8525,1561],{"class":83},[69,8527,8528,8530,8532,8534,8536,8538],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,8529,172],{"class":128},[69,8531,132],{"class":83},[69,8533,4578],{"class":177},[69,8535,132],{"class":83},[69,8537,8497],{"class":146},[69,8539,318],{"class":83},[20,8541,321],{},[60,8543,8544],{"className":62,"code":4746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,8545,8546],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8547,8548],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8549,4746],{"class":1203},[377,8551,8553],{"id":8552},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[60,8555,8557],{"className":62,"code":8556,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8558,8559,8569],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8560,8561,8564,8566],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8562,8563],{"class":75},"name ",[69,8565,80],{"class":79},[69,8567,8568],{"class":699}," \"\"\n",[69,8570,8571,8573,8575,8577,8579,8581],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,8572,172],{"class":128},[69,8574,132],{"class":83},[69,8576,4578],{"class":177},[69,8578,132],{"class":83},[69,8580,8356],{"class":146},[69,8582,318],{"class":83},[20,8584,321],{},[60,8586,8587],{"className":62,"code":4746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,8588,8589],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8590,8591],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8592,4746],{"class":1203},[60,8594,8596],{"className":62,"code":8595,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8597,8598,8611],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8599,8600,8602,8604,8606,8609],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8601,8563],{"class":75},[69,8603,80],{"class":79},[69,8605,881],{"class":699},[69,8607,8608],{"class":703},"Mia",[69,8610,4079],{"class":699},[69,8612,8613,8615,8617,8619,8621,8623],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,8614,172],{"class":128},[69,8616,132],{"class":83},[69,8618,4578],{"class":177},[69,8620,132],{"class":83},[69,8622,8356],{"class":146},[69,8624,318],{"class":83},[20,8626,321],{},[60,8628,8629],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,8630,8631],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8632,8633],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8634,4685],{"class":1203},[377,8636,8638],{"id":8637},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[60,8640,8642],{"className":62,"code":8641,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8643,8644,8658,8675,8679],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8645,8646,8649,8651,8653,8656],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8647,8648],{"class":75},"username ",[69,8650,80],{"class":79},[69,8652,881],{"class":699},[69,8654,8655],{"class":703},"alex",[69,8657,4079],{"class":699},[69,8659,8660,8663,8665,8668,8670,8673],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,8661,8662],{"class":75},"has_name ",[69,8664,80],{"class":79},[69,8666,8667],{"class":177}," bool",[69,8669,132],{"class":83},[69,8671,8672],{"class":146},"username",[69,8674,166],{"class":83},[69,8676,8677],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,8678,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,8680,8681,8683,8685,8688],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,8682,172],{"class":128},[69,8684,132],{"class":83},[69,8686,8687],{"class":146},"has_name",[69,8689,166],{"class":83},[20,8691,321],{},[60,8693,8694],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,8695,8696],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8697,8698],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8699,4685],{"class":1203},[20,8701,8702,8703,394,8705,8707],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8704,224],{},[15,8706,230],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[377,8709,8711],{"id":8710},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8713,8714],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[60,8716,8718],{"className":62,"code":8717,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8719,8720,8740,8744,8752],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8721,8722,8724,8726,8728,8730,8732,8734,8736,8738],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8723,76],{"class":75},[69,8725,80],{"class":79},[69,8727,84],{"class":83},[69,8729,88],{"class":87},[69,8731,91],{"class":83},[69,8733,94],{"class":87},[69,8735,91],{"class":83},[69,8737,99],{"class":87},[69,8739,117],{"class":83},[69,8741,8742],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,8743,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,8745,8746,8748,8750],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,8747,1712],{"class":1053},[69,8749,163],{"class":75},[69,8751,1579],{"class":83},[69,8753,8754,8757,8759,8761,8764,8766],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,8755,8756],{"class":128},"    print",[69,8758,132],{"class":83},[69,8760,871],{"class":699},[69,8762,8763],{"class":703},"The list is not empty",[69,8765,871],{"class":699},[69,8767,166],{"class":83},[20,8769,321],{},[60,8771,8773],{"className":62,"code":8772,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8774,8775],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8776,8777,8779,8781,8784,8787],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8778,2714],{"class":75},[69,8780,178],{"class":177},[69,8782,8783],{"class":79}," is",[69,8785,8786],{"class":79}," not",[69,8788,8789],{"class":75}," empty\n",[20,8791,8792,8793,537],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[533,8794,8796],{"href":8795},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[55,8798,8800],{"id":8799},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8802,8803,8804,8806],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8805,4526],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8808,8809],{},"It does not do that.",[377,8811,8813,1172,8816],{"id":8812},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8814,8815],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8817,224],{},[60,8819,8820],{"className":62,"code":8406,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,8821,8822],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8823,8824,8826,8828,8830,8832,8834,8836,8838],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8825,172],{"class":128},[69,8827,132],{"class":83},[69,8829,4578],{"class":177},[69,8831,132],{"class":83},[69,8833,871],{"class":699},[69,8835,230],{"class":703},[69,8837,871],{"class":699},[69,8839,318],{"class":83},[20,8841,321],{},[60,8843,8844],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,8845,8846],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8847,8848],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8849,4685],{"class":1203},[377,8851,8853,1172,8856],{"id":8852},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8854,8855],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8857,224],{},[60,8859,8861],{"className":62,"code":8860,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8862,8863],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8864,8865,8867,8869,8871,8873,8875,8877,8879],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8866,172],{"class":128},[69,8868,132],{"class":83},[69,8870,4578],{"class":177},[69,8872,132],{"class":83},[69,8874,871],{"class":699},[69,8876,1226],{"class":703},[69,8878,871],{"class":699},[69,8880,318],{"class":83},[20,8882,321],{},[60,8884,8885],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,8886,8887],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8888,8889],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8890,4685],{"class":1203},[20,8892,8893,8894,537],{},"This happens because both values are ",[42,8895,8234],{},[20,8897,8898,8900],{},[15,8899,4526],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8902,8903,8904,8909,8910,8912],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[533,8905,8907],{"href":8906},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8908,3682],{},", because ",[15,8911,3682],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8914,234],{},[60,8916,8918],{"className":62,"code":8917,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8919,8920,8941],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8921,8922,8925,8927,8930,8932,8934,8937,8939],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8923,8924],{"class":75},"user_value ",[69,8926,80],{"class":79},[69,8928,8929],{"class":128}," input",[69,8931,132],{"class":83},[69,8933,871],{"class":699},[69,8935,8936],{"class":703},"Enter True or False: ",[69,8938,871],{"class":699},[69,8940,166],{"class":83},[69,8942,8943,8945,8947,8949,8951,8954],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,8944,172],{"class":128},[69,8946,132],{"class":83},[69,8948,4578],{"class":177},[69,8950,132],{"class":83},[69,8952,8953],{"class":146},"user_value",[69,8955,318],{"class":83},[20,8957,8958,8959,8961,8962,8909,8964,8966],{},"If the user types ",[15,8960,230],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8963,224],{},[15,8965,7368],{}," is not empty.",[55,8968,8970],{"id":8969},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8972,8973,8974,8976,8977,8979],{},"In many ",[15,8975,1712],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8978,4526],{}," yourself.",[20,8981,8982],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8984,8985],{},"Instead of this:",[60,8987,8989],{"className":62,"code":8988,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8990,8991,9012,9016,9029],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,8992,8993,8996,8998,9000,9002,9004,9006,9008,9010],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,8994,8995],{"class":75},"my_list ",[69,8997,80],{"class":79},[69,8999,84],{"class":83},[69,9001,88],{"class":87},[69,9003,91],{"class":83},[69,9005,94],{"class":87},[69,9007,91],{"class":83},[69,9009,99],{"class":87},[69,9011,117],{"class":83},[69,9013,9014],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,9015,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,9017,9018,9020,9022,9024,9027],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,9019,1712],{"class":1053},[69,9021,8667],{"class":177},[69,9023,132],{"class":83},[69,9025,9026],{"class":146},"my_list",[69,9028,1048],{"class":83},[69,9030,9031,9033,9035,9037,9040,9042],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,9032,8756],{"class":128},[69,9034,132],{"class":83},[69,9036,871],{"class":699},[69,9038,9039],{"class":703},"List has items",[69,9041,871],{"class":699},[69,9043,166],{"class":83},[20,9045,9046],{},"You can simply write:",[60,9048,9050],{"className":62,"code":9049,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,9051,9052,9072,9076,9085],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9053,9054,9056,9058,9060,9062,9064,9066,9068,9070],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9055,8995],{"class":75},[69,9057,80],{"class":79},[69,9059,84],{"class":83},[69,9061,88],{"class":87},[69,9063,91],{"class":83},[69,9065,94],{"class":87},[69,9067,91],{"class":83},[69,9069,99],{"class":87},[69,9071,117],{"class":83},[69,9073,9074],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,9075,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,9077,9078,9080,9083],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,9079,1712],{"class":1053},[69,9081,9082],{"class":75}," my_list",[69,9084,1579],{"class":83},[69,9086,9087,9089,9091,9093,9095,9097],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,9088,8756],{"class":128},[69,9090,132],{"class":83},[69,9092,871],{"class":699},[69,9094,9039],{"class":703},[69,9096,871],{"class":699},[69,9098,166],{"class":83},[20,9100,9101],{},"Both examples work.",[20,9103,840,9104,9106],{},[15,9105,4526],{}," is still helpful when:",[29,9108,9109,9112,9120],{},[32,9110,9111],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[32,9113,9114,9115,394,9117,9119],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,9116,224],{},[15,9118,230],{}," value",[32,9121,9122],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,9124,9125,9126,537],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[533,9127,9128],{"href":3026},"Python type() function explained",[55,9130,1771],{"id":1770},[20,9132,9133,9134,537],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,9135,4526],{},[377,9137,1780,9139,9141,9142],{"id":9138},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,9140,8815],{}," to return ",[15,9143,230],{},[20,9145,9146],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[60,9148,9149],{"className":62,"code":8406,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,9150,9151],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9152,9153,9155,9157,9159,9161,9163,9165,9167],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9154,172],{"class":128},[69,9156,132],{"class":83},[69,9158,4578],{"class":177},[69,9160,132],{"class":83},[69,9162,871],{"class":699},[69,9164,230],{"class":703},[69,9166,871],{"class":699},[69,9168,318],{"class":83},[20,9170,321],{},[60,9172,9173],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,9174,9175],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9176,9177],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9178,4685],{"class":1203},[20,9180,9181,9182,7369],{},"Why? Because ",[15,9183,7368],{},[20,9185,9186],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[60,9188,9190],{"className":62,"code":9189,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,9191,9192,9204],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9193,9194,9196,9198,9200,9202],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9195,3173],{"class":75},[69,9197,80],{"class":79},[69,9199,881],{"class":699},[69,9201,230],{"class":703},[69,9203,4079],{"class":699},[69,9205,9206,9208,9210,9212,9214,9216,9218,9220],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,9207,172],{"class":128},[69,9209,132],{"class":83},[69,9211,3173],{"class":146},[69,9213,5392],{"class":79},[69,9215,881],{"class":699},[69,9217,224],{"class":703},[69,9219,871],{"class":699},[69,9221,166],{"class":83},[20,9223,321],{},[60,9225,9226],{"className":62,"code":4746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,9227,9228],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9229,9230],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9231,4746],{"class":1203},[377,9233,9235],{"id":9234},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,9237,9238,9240],{},[15,9239,3682],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[60,9242,9244],{"className":62,"code":9243,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,9245,9246,9265],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9247,9248,9250,9252,9254,9256,9258,9261,9263],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9249,3173],{"class":75},[69,9251,80],{"class":79},[69,9253,8929],{"class":128},[69,9255,132],{"class":83},[69,9257,871],{"class":699},[69,9259,9260],{"class":703},"Enter yes or no: ",[69,9262,871],{"class":699},[69,9264,166],{"class":83},[69,9266,9267,9269,9271,9273,9275,9277],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,9268,172],{"class":128},[69,9270,132],{"class":83},[69,9272,4578],{"class":177},[69,9274,132],{"class":83},[69,9276,3198],{"class":146},[69,9278,318],{"class":83},[20,9280,8958,9281,9284,9285,9287,9288,8966],{},[15,9282,9283],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,9286,224],{}," because ",[15,9289,9290],{},"\"no\"",[20,9292,9293],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[60,9295,9297],{"className":62,"code":9296,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,9298,9299,9330],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9300,9301,9303,9305,9307,9309,9311,9313,9315,9318,9321,9324,9327],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9302,3173],{"class":75},[69,9304,80],{"class":79},[69,9306,8929],{"class":128},[69,9308,132],{"class":83},[69,9310,871],{"class":699},[69,9312,9260],{"class":703},[69,9314,871],{"class":699},[69,9316,9317],{"class":83},").",[69,9319,9320],{"class":146},"strip",[69,9322,9323],{"class":83},"().",[69,9325,9326],{"class":146},"lower",[69,9328,9329],{"class":83},"()\n",[69,9331,9332,9334,9336,9338,9340,9342,9345,9347],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,9333,172],{"class":128},[69,9335,132],{"class":83},[69,9337,3173],{"class":146},[69,9339,5392],{"class":79},[69,9341,881],{"class":699},[69,9343,9344],{"class":703},"yes",[69,9346,871],{"class":699},[69,9348,166],{"class":83},[20,9350,9351,9352,9354,9355,537],{},"This gives ",[15,9353,224],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,9356,9344],{},[377,9358,9360],{"id":9359},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,9362,9363],{},"These are different:",[29,9365,9366,9370,9374,9378,9382],{},[32,9367,9368],{},[15,9369,230],{},[32,9371,9372],{},[15,9373,1226],{},[32,9375,9376],{},[15,9377,6967],{},[32,9379,9380],{},[15,9381,4500],{},[32,9383,9384],{},[15,9385,1181],{},[20,9387,9388,9389,843,9391,9393],{},"They all become ",[15,9390,230],{},[15,9392,4526],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,9395,9396],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[60,9398,9400],{"className":62,"code":9399,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,9401,9402,9410,9424],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9403,9404,9406,9408],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9405,3173],{"class":75},[69,9407,80],{"class":79},[69,9409,1561],{"class":83},[69,9411,9412,9414,9416,9418,9420,9422],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,9413,172],{"class":128},[69,9415,132],{"class":83},[69,9417,641],{"class":177},[69,9419,132],{"class":83},[69,9421,3198],{"class":146},[69,9423,318],{"class":83},[69,9425,9426,9428,9430,9432,9434,9436],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,9427,172],{"class":128},[69,9429,132],{"class":83},[69,9431,4578],{"class":177},[69,9433,132],{"class":83},[69,9435,3198],{"class":146},[69,9437,318],{"class":83},[20,9439,321],{},[60,9441,9443],{"className":62,"code":9442,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,9444,9445,9459],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9446,9447,9449,9451,9453,9455,9457],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9448,674],{"class":79},[69,9450,696],{"class":135},[69,9452,700],{"class":699},[69,9454,178],{"class":703},[69,9456,706],{"class":699},[69,9458,689],{"class":79},[69,9460,9461],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,9462,4746],{"class":1203},[377,9464,840,9466,9468],{"id":9465},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,9467,4505],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,9470,9471,9472,9474],{},"In Python, ",[15,9473,4505],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[60,9476,9478],{"className":62,"code":9477,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type({}))\n",[15,9479,9480],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9481,9482,9484,9486,9488],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9483,172],{"class":128},[69,9485,132],{"class":83},[69,9487,641],{"class":177},[69,9489,8145],{"class":83},[20,9491,321],{},[60,9493,9495],{"className":62,"code":9494,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,9496,9497],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9498,9499,9501,9503,9505,9508,9510],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9500,674],{"class":79},[69,9502,696],{"class":135},[69,9504,700],{"class":699},[69,9506,9507],{"class":703},"dict",[69,9509,706],{"class":699},[69,9511,689],{"class":79},[20,9513,9514],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[60,9516,9518],{"className":62,"code":9517,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,9519,9520],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9521,9522,9524,9526,9528,9530,9532],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9523,172],{"class":128},[69,9525,132],{"class":83},[69,9527,641],{"class":177},[69,9529,132],{"class":83},[69,9531,6982],{"class":177},[69,9533,6985],{"class":83},[20,9535,321],{},[60,9537,9539],{"className":62,"code":9538,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,9540,9541],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9542,9543,9545,9547,9549,9551,9553],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9544,674],{"class":79},[69,9546,696],{"class":135},[69,9548,700],{"class":699},[69,9550,6982],{"class":703},[69,9552,706],{"class":699},[69,9554,689],{"class":79},[55,9556,9558],{"id":9557},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,9560,9561,9562,9564],{},"If ",[15,9563,4526],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[60,9566,9568],{"className":62,"code":9567,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9569,9570,9584,9598,9608,9626],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9571,9572,9574,9576,9578,9580,9582],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9573,172],{"class":128},[69,9575,132],{"class":83},[69,9577,4578],{"class":177},[69,9579,132],{"class":83},[69,9581,3198],{"class":146},[69,9583,318],{"class":83},[69,9585,9586,9588,9590,9592,9594,9596],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,9587,172],{"class":128},[69,9589,132],{"class":83},[69,9591,641],{"class":177},[69,9593,132],{"class":83},[69,9595,3198],{"class":146},[69,9597,318],{"class":83},[69,9599,9600,9602,9604,9606],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,9601,172],{"class":128},[69,9603,132],{"class":83},[69,9605,3198],{"class":146},[69,9607,166],{"class":83},[69,9609,9610,9612,9614,9616,9618,9620,9622,9624],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,9611,172],{"class":128},[69,9613,132],{"class":83},[69,9615,3173],{"class":146},[69,9617,5392],{"class":79},[69,9619,881],{"class":699},[69,9621,224],{"class":703},[69,9623,871],{"class":699},[69,9625,166],{"class":83},[69,9627,9628,9630,9632,9634,9636,9638,9640,9642],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,9629,172],{"class":128},[69,9631,132],{"class":83},[69,9633,3198],{"class":146},[69,9635,537],{"class":83},[69,9637,9320],{"class":146},[69,9639,9323],{"class":83},[69,9641,9326],{"class":146},[69,9643,7882],{"class":83},[20,9645,9646],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[29,9648,9649,9652,9655,9658],{},[32,9650,9651],{},"what the value really is",[32,9653,9654],{},"whether it is a string",[32,9656,9657],{},"whether it contains spaces",[32,9659,9660],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9662,9663,9664,537],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[533,9665,9667],{"href":9666},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[55,9669,2519],{"id":2518},[377,9671,9673],{"id":9672},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9675,9676,9677,394,9679,537],{},"It returns either ",[15,9678,224],{},[15,9680,230],{},[377,9682,9684],{"id":9683},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9686,5849,9687,537],{},[15,9688,230],{},[377,9690,9692],{"id":9691},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9694,9695,9696,537],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9697,224],{},[377,9699,9701],{"id":9700},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9703,9704,9705,537],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9706,230],{},[377,9708,9710],{"id":9709},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9712,9713,9714,394,9716,4452],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9715,224],{},[15,9717,230],{},[55,9719,2620],{"id":2619},[29,9721,9722,9727,9731,9736,9740,9745],{},[32,9723,9724],{},[533,9725,9726],{"href":6475},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[32,9728,9729],{},[533,9730,8796],{"href":8795},[32,9732,9733],{},[533,9734,9735],{"href":8906},"Python input() function explained",[32,9737,9738],{},[533,9739,9128],{"href":3026},[32,9741,9742],{},[533,9743,9744],{"href":9666},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[32,9746,9747],{},[533,9748,9749],{"href":7898},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2650,9751,9752],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":9754},[9755,9756,9757,9758,9759,9760,9766,9772,9773,9781,9782,9789],{"id":4326,"depth":120,"text":4327},{"id":7835,"depth":120,"text":7836},{"id":7902,"depth":120,"text":7903},{"id":8021,"depth":120,"text":8022},{"id":8215,"depth":120,"text":8216},{"id":8447,"depth":120,"text":8448,"children":9761},[9762,9763,9764,9765],{"id":8457,"depth":169,"text":8458},{"id":8552,"depth":169,"text":8553},{"id":8637,"depth":169,"text":8638},{"id":8710,"depth":169,"text":8711},{"id":8799,"depth":120,"text":8800,"children":9767},[9768,9770],{"id":8812,"depth":169,"text":9769},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8852,"depth":169,"text":9771},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8969,"depth":120,"text":8970},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771,"children":9774},[9775,9777,9778,9779],{"id":9138,"depth":169,"text":9776},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":9234,"depth":169,"text":9235},{"id":9359,"depth":169,"text":9360},{"id":9465,"depth":169,"text":9780},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9557,"depth":120,"text":9558},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":9783},[9784,9785,9786,9787,9788],{"id":9672,"depth":169,"text":9673},{"id":9683,"depth":169,"text":9684},{"id":9691,"depth":169,"text":9692},{"id":9700,"depth":169,"text":9701},{"id":9709,"depth":169,"text":9710},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7663,"description":9790},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9797,"title":9798,"body":9799,"description":11993,"extension":2697,"meta":11994,"navigation":272,"path":11995,"seo":11996,"stem":11997,"__hash__":11998},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9800,"toc":11955},[9801,9807,9813,9820,9825,9836,9843,9951,9955,10023,10028,10033,10038,10041,10052,10057,10060,10071,10078,10080,10085,10089,10114,10118,10127,10131,10194,10198,10231,10235,10280,10284,10321,10325,10328,10384,10388,10434,10437,10442,10481,10485,10508,10511,10525,10538,10542,10547,10614,10618,10654,10657,10665,10668,10732,10736,10768,10774,10776,10836,10843,10846,10924,10928,10961,10965,10968,11012,11016,11052,11055,11072,11075,11078,11131,11134,11145,11152,11161,11164,11222,11226,11267,11275,11283,11289,11297,11309,11314,11325,11398,11401,11413,11429,11433,11438,11442,11444,11487,11493,11496,11559,11563,11566,11575,11580,11617,11621,11624,11632,11635,11674,11678,11681,11732,11736,11757,11764,11766,11772,11799,11802,11857,11860,11871,11873,11880,11888,11894,11899,11906,11909,11916,11923,11925,11952],[10,9802,13,9804,18],{"id":9803},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9805,9806],{},"dict()",[20,9808,9809,9810,9812],{},"The built-in ",[15,9811,9806],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9814,9815,9816,9819],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[42,9817,9818],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9821,9822,9824],{},[15,9823,9806],{}," is commonly used to:",[29,9826,9827,9830,9833],{},[32,9828,9829],{},"create an empty dictionary",[32,9831,9832],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[32,9834,9835],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9837,9838,9839,537],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[533,9840,9842],{"href":9841},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[60,9844,9846],{"className":62,"code":9845,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9847,9848,9883,9894,9898,9936],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9849,9850,9853,9855,9858,9860,9863,9865,9867,9869,9871,9873,9876,9878,9881],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9851,9852],{"class":75},"data ",[69,9854,80],{"class":79},[69,9856,9857],{"class":177}," dict",[69,9859,132],{"class":83},[69,9861,8356],{"class":9862},"s99_P",[69,9864,80],{"class":79},[69,9866,706],{"class":699},[69,9868,5708],{"class":703},[69,9870,706],{"class":699},[69,9872,91],{"class":83},[69,9874,9875],{"class":9862}," age",[69,9877,80],{"class":79},[69,9879,9880],{"class":87},"25",[69,9882,166],{"class":83},[69,9884,9885,9887,9889,9892],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,9886,172],{"class":128},[69,9888,132],{"class":83},[69,9890,9891],{"class":146},"data",[69,9893,166],{"class":83},[69,9895,9896],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,9897,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,9899,9900,9903,9905,9908,9910,9912,9914,9916,9918,9921,9923,9925,9927,9929,9931,9933],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,9901,9902],{"class":75},"pairs ",[69,9904,80],{"class":79},[69,9906,9907],{"class":83}," [(",[69,9909,706],{"class":699},[69,9911,533],{"class":703},[69,9913,706],{"class":699},[69,9915,91],{"class":83},[69,9917,1263],{"class":87},[69,9919,9920],{"class":83},"),",[69,9922,441],{"class":83},[69,9924,706],{"class":699},[69,9926,5465],{"class":703},[69,9928,706],{"class":699},[69,9930,91],{"class":83},[69,9932,94],{"class":87},[69,9934,9935],{"class":83},")]\n",[69,9937,9938,9940,9942,9944,9946,9949],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,9939,172],{"class":128},[69,9941,132],{"class":83},[69,9943,9507],{"class":177},[69,9945,132],{"class":83},[69,9947,9948],{"class":146},"pairs",[69,9950,318],{"class":83},[20,9952,9953],{},[42,9954,321],{},[60,9956,9958],{"className":62,"code":9957,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9959,9960,9995],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,9961,9962,9965,9967,9969,9971,9973,9975,9977,9979,9981,9983,9986,9988,9990,9992],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,9963,9964],{"class":83},"{",[69,9966,706],{"class":699},[69,9968,8356],{"class":703},[69,9970,706],{"class":699},[69,9972,143],{"class":83},[69,9974,700],{"class":699},[69,9976,5708],{"class":703},[69,9978,706],{"class":699},[69,9980,91],{"class":83},[69,9982,700],{"class":699},[69,9984,9985],{"class":703},"age",[69,9987,706],{"class":699},[69,9989,143],{"class":83},[69,9991,459],{"class":87},[69,9993,9994],{"class":83},"}\n",[69,9996,9997,9999,10001,10003,10005,10007,10009,10011,10013,10015,10017,10019,10021],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,9998,9964],{"class":83},[69,10000,706],{"class":699},[69,10002,533],{"class":703},[69,10004,706],{"class":699},[69,10006,143],{"class":83},[69,10008,1263],{"class":87},[69,10010,91],{"class":83},[69,10012,700],{"class":699},[69,10014,5465],{"class":703},[69,10016,706],{"class":699},[69,10018,143],{"class":83},[69,10020,94],{"class":87},[69,10022,9994],{"class":83},[20,10024,1378,10025,10027],{},[15,10026,9806],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[55,10029,202,10031,205],{"id":10030},"what-dict-does",[15,10032,9806],{},[20,10034,10035,10037],{},[15,10036,9806],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,10039,10040],{},"A dictionary:",[29,10042,10043,10046,10049],{},[32,10044,10045],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[32,10047,10048],{},"lets you look up values by key",[32,10050,10051],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,10053,10054,10056],{},[15,10055,9806],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,10058,10059],{},"Common uses include:",[29,10061,10062,10065,10068],{},[32,10063,10064],{},"making an empty dictionary",[32,10066,10067],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[32,10069,10070],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,10072,10073,10074,537],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[533,10075,10077],{"href":10076},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[55,10079,2888],{"id":2887},[20,10081,10082,10084],{},[15,10083,9806],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[377,10086,10088],{"id":10087},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[60,10090,10092],{"className":62,"code":10091,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,10093,10094,10104],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10095,10096,10098,10100,10102],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10097,9852],{"class":75},[69,10099,80],{"class":79},[69,10101,9857],{"class":177},[69,10103,9329],{"class":83},[69,10105,10106,10108,10110,10112],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,10107,172],{"class":128},[69,10109,132],{"class":83},[69,10111,9891],{"class":146},[69,10113,166],{"class":83},[20,10115,10116],{},[42,10117,321],{},[60,10119,10121],{"className":62,"code":10120,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{}\n",[15,10122,10123],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10124,10125],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10126,10120],{"class":83},[377,10128,10130],{"id":10129},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[60,10132,10134],{"className":62,"code":10133,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10135,10136,10170,10184],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10137,10138,10140,10142,10144,10146,10148,10150,10152,10154,10156,10158,10160,10162,10164,10166,10168],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10139,9902],{"class":75},[69,10141,80],{"class":79},[69,10143,9907],{"class":83},[69,10145,706],{"class":699},[69,10147,533],{"class":703},[69,10149,706],{"class":699},[69,10151,91],{"class":83},[69,10153,1263],{"class":87},[69,10155,9920],{"class":83},[69,10157,441],{"class":83},[69,10159,706],{"class":699},[69,10161,5465],{"class":703},[69,10163,706],{"class":699},[69,10165,91],{"class":83},[69,10167,94],{"class":87},[69,10169,9935],{"class":83},[69,10171,10172,10174,10176,10178,10180,10182],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,10173,9852],{"class":75},[69,10175,80],{"class":79},[69,10177,9857],{"class":177},[69,10179,132],{"class":83},[69,10181,9948],{"class":146},[69,10183,166],{"class":83},[69,10185,10186,10188,10190,10192],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,10187,172],{"class":128},[69,10189,132],{"class":83},[69,10191,9891],{"class":146},[69,10193,166],{"class":83},[20,10195,10196],{},[42,10197,321],{},[60,10199,10201],{"className":62,"code":10200,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10202,10203],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10204,10205,10207,10209,10211,10213,10215,10217,10219,10221,10223,10225,10227,10229],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10206,9964],{"class":83},[69,10208,706],{"class":699},[69,10210,533],{"class":703},[69,10212,706],{"class":699},[69,10214,143],{"class":83},[69,10216,1263],{"class":87},[69,10218,91],{"class":83},[69,10220,700],{"class":699},[69,10222,5465],{"class":703},[69,10224,706],{"class":699},[69,10226,143],{"class":83},[69,10228,94],{"class":87},[69,10230,9994],{"class":83},[377,10232,10234],{"id":10233},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[60,10236,10238],{"className":62,"code":10237,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10239,10240,10270],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10241,10242,10244,10246,10248,10250,10252,10254,10256,10258,10260,10262,10264,10266,10268],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10243,9852],{"class":75},[69,10245,80],{"class":79},[69,10247,9857],{"class":177},[69,10249,132],{"class":83},[69,10251,8356],{"class":9862},[69,10253,80],{"class":79},[69,10255,706],{"class":699},[69,10257,5708],{"class":703},[69,10259,706],{"class":699},[69,10261,91],{"class":83},[69,10263,9875],{"class":9862},[69,10265,80],{"class":79},[69,10267,9880],{"class":87},[69,10269,166],{"class":83},[69,10271,10272,10274,10276,10278],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,10273,172],{"class":128},[69,10275,132],{"class":83},[69,10277,9891],{"class":146},[69,10279,166],{"class":83},[20,10281,10282],{},[42,10283,321],{},[60,10285,10287],{"className":62,"code":10286,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,10288,10289],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10290,10291,10293,10295,10297,10299,10301,10303,10305,10307,10309,10311,10313,10315,10317,10319],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10292,9964],{"class":83},[69,10294,706],{"class":699},[69,10296,8356],{"class":703},[69,10298,706],{"class":699},[69,10300,143],{"class":83},[69,10302,700],{"class":699},[69,10304,5708],{"class":703},[69,10306,706],{"class":699},[69,10308,91],{"class":83},[69,10310,700],{"class":699},[69,10312,9985],{"class":703},[69,10314,706],{"class":699},[69,10316,143],{"class":83},[69,10318,459],{"class":87},[69,10320,9994],{"class":83},[377,10322,10324],{"id":10323},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,10326,10327],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[60,10329,10331],{"className":62,"code":10330,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10332,10333,10374],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10334,10335,10337,10339,10341,10344,10346,10348,10350,10352,10354,10357,10359,10361,10363,10365,10368,10370,10372],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10336,9852],{"class":75},[69,10338,80],{"class":79},[69,10340,9857],{"class":177},[69,10342,10343],{"class":83},"([(",[69,10345,706],{"class":699},[69,10347,533],{"class":703},[69,10349,706],{"class":699},[69,10351,91],{"class":83},[69,10353,1263],{"class":87},[69,10355,10356],{"class":83},")],",[69,10358,3285],{"class":9862},[69,10360,80],{"class":79},[69,10362,1155],{"class":87},[69,10364,91],{"class":83},[69,10366,10367],{"class":9862}," c",[69,10369,80],{"class":79},[69,10371,346],{"class":87},[69,10373,166],{"class":83},[69,10375,10376,10378,10380,10382],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,10377,172],{"class":128},[69,10379,132],{"class":83},[69,10381,9891],{"class":146},[69,10383,166],{"class":83},[20,10385,10386],{},[42,10387,321],{},[60,10389,10391],{"className":62,"code":10390,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,10392,10393],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10394,10395,10397,10399,10401,10403,10405,10407,10409,10411,10413,10415,10417,10419,10421,10423,10426,10428,10430,10432],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10396,9964],{"class":83},[69,10398,706],{"class":699},[69,10400,533],{"class":703},[69,10402,706],{"class":699},[69,10404,143],{"class":83},[69,10406,1263],{"class":87},[69,10408,91],{"class":83},[69,10410,700],{"class":699},[69,10412,5465],{"class":703},[69,10414,706],{"class":699},[69,10416,143],{"class":83},[69,10418,94],{"class":87},[69,10420,91],{"class":83},[69,10422,700],{"class":699},[69,10424,10425],{"class":703},"c",[69,10427,706],{"class":699},[69,10429,143],{"class":83},[69,10431,99],{"class":87},[69,10433,9994],{"class":83},[55,10435,10088],{"id":10436},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,10438,1378,10439,10441],{},[15,10440,9806],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[60,10443,10445],{"className":62,"code":10444,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,10446,10447,10457,10471],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10448,10449,10451,10453,10455],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10450,9852],{"class":75},[69,10452,80],{"class":79},[69,10454,9857],{"class":177},[69,10456,9329],{"class":83},[69,10458,10459,10461,10463,10465,10467,10469],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,10460,172],{"class":128},[69,10462,132],{"class":83},[69,10464,641],{"class":177},[69,10466,132],{"class":83},[69,10468,9891],{"class":146},[69,10470,318],{"class":83},[69,10472,10473,10475,10477,10479],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,10474,172],{"class":128},[69,10476,132],{"class":83},[69,10478,9891],{"class":146},[69,10480,166],{"class":83},[20,10482,10483],{},[42,10484,321],{},[60,10486,10488],{"className":62,"code":10487,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,10489,10490,10504],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10491,10492,10494,10496,10498,10500,10502],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10493,674],{"class":79},[69,10495,696],{"class":135},[69,10497,700],{"class":699},[69,10499,9507],{"class":703},[69,10501,706],{"class":699},[69,10503,689],{"class":79},[69,10505,10506],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,10507,10120],{"class":83},[20,10509,10510],{},"This gives the same result as:",[60,10512,10514],{"className":62,"code":10513,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {}\n",[15,10515,10516],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10517,10518,10520,10522],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10519,9852],{"class":75},[69,10521,80],{"class":79},[69,10523,10524],{"class":83}," {}\n",[20,10526,10527,10528,10530,10531,10534,10535,10537],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,10529,4505],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10532,10533],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,10536,9806],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[55,10539,10541],{"id":10540},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,10543,10544,10545,537],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,10546,9806],{},[60,10548,10550],{"className":62,"code":10549,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10551,10552,10590,10604],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10553,10554,10556,10558,10560,10562,10564,10566,10568,10570,10572,10574,10576,10578,10580,10582,10584,10586,10588],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10555,9902],{"class":75},[69,10557,80],{"class":79},[69,10559,9907],{"class":83},[69,10561,706],{"class":699},[69,10563,8356],{"class":703},[69,10565,706],{"class":699},[69,10567,91],{"class":83},[69,10569,700],{"class":699},[69,10571,5708],{"class":703},[69,10573,706],{"class":699},[69,10575,9920],{"class":83},[69,10577,441],{"class":83},[69,10579,706],{"class":699},[69,10581,9985],{"class":703},[69,10583,706],{"class":699},[69,10585,91],{"class":83},[69,10587,459],{"class":87},[69,10589,9935],{"class":83},[69,10591,10592,10594,10596,10598,10600,10602],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,10593,9852],{"class":75},[69,10595,80],{"class":79},[69,10597,9857],{"class":177},[69,10599,132],{"class":83},[69,10601,9948],{"class":146},[69,10603,166],{"class":83},[69,10605,10606,10608,10610,10612],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,10607,172],{"class":128},[69,10609,132],{"class":83},[69,10611,9891],{"class":146},[69,10613,166],{"class":83},[20,10615,10616],{},[42,10617,321],{},[60,10619,10620],{"className":62,"code":10286,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,10621,10622],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10623,10624,10626,10628,10630,10632,10634,10636,10638,10640,10642,10644,10646,10648,10650,10652],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10625,9964],{"class":83},[69,10627,706],{"class":699},[69,10629,8356],{"class":703},[69,10631,706],{"class":699},[69,10633,143],{"class":83},[69,10635,700],{"class":699},[69,10637,5708],{"class":703},[69,10639,706],{"class":699},[69,10641,91],{"class":83},[69,10643,700],{"class":699},[69,10645,9985],{"class":703},[69,10647,706],{"class":699},[69,10649,143],{"class":83},[69,10651,459],{"class":87},[69,10653,9994],{"class":83},[20,10655,10656],{},"Each pair becomes:",[29,10658,10659,10662],{},[32,10660,10661],{},"the first item as the key",[32,10663,10664],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10666,10667],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[60,10669,10671],{"className":62,"code":10670,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10672,10673,10708,10722],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10674,10675,10677,10679,10682,10684,10686,10688,10690,10692,10694,10696,10698,10700,10702,10704,10706],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10676,9902],{"class":75},[69,10678,80],{"class":79},[69,10680,10681],{"class":83}," ((",[69,10683,706],{"class":699},[69,10685,533],{"class":703},[69,10687,706],{"class":699},[69,10689,91],{"class":83},[69,10691,1263],{"class":87},[69,10693,9920],{"class":83},[69,10695,441],{"class":83},[69,10697,706],{"class":699},[69,10699,5465],{"class":703},[69,10701,706],{"class":699},[69,10703,91],{"class":83},[69,10705,94],{"class":87},[69,10707,318],{"class":83},[69,10709,10710,10712,10714,10716,10718,10720],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,10711,9852],{"class":75},[69,10713,80],{"class":79},[69,10715,9857],{"class":177},[69,10717,132],{"class":83},[69,10719,9948],{"class":146},[69,10721,166],{"class":83},[69,10723,10724,10726,10728,10730],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,10725,172],{"class":128},[69,10727,132],{"class":83},[69,10729,9891],{"class":146},[69,10731,166],{"class":83},[20,10733,10734],{},[42,10735,321],{},[60,10737,10738],{"className":62,"code":10200,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,10739,10740],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10741,10742,10744,10746,10748,10750,10752,10754,10756,10758,10760,10762,10764,10766],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10743,9964],{"class":83},[69,10745,706],{"class":699},[69,10747,533],{"class":703},[69,10749,706],{"class":699},[69,10751,143],{"class":83},[69,10753,1263],{"class":87},[69,10755,91],{"class":83},[69,10757,700],{"class":699},[69,10759,5465],{"class":703},[69,10761,706],{"class":699},[69,10763,143],{"class":83},[69,10765,94],{"class":87},[69,10767,9994],{"class":83},[20,10769,10770,10771,537],{},"Each item must contain ",[42,10772,10773],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10775,3562],{},[60,10777,10779],{"className":62,"code":10778,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10780,10781,10821],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10782,10783,10786,10788,10790,10792,10794,10796,10798,10800,10802,10805,10807,10809,10811,10813,10815,10817,10819],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10784,10785],{"class":75},"bad_data ",[69,10787,80],{"class":79},[69,10789,9907],{"class":83},[69,10791,706],{"class":699},[69,10793,533],{"class":703},[69,10795,706],{"class":699},[69,10797,91],{"class":83},[69,10799,1263],{"class":87},[69,10801,91],{"class":83},[69,10803,10804],{"class":87}," 100",[69,10806,9920],{"class":83},[69,10808,441],{"class":83},[69,10810,706],{"class":699},[69,10812,5465],{"class":703},[69,10814,706],{"class":699},[69,10816,91],{"class":83},[69,10818,94],{"class":87},[69,10820,9935],{"class":83},[69,10822,10823,10825,10827,10829,10831,10834],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,10824,123],{"class":75},[69,10826,80],{"class":79},[69,10828,9857],{"class":177},[69,10830,132],{"class":83},[69,10832,10833],{"class":146},"bad_data",[69,10835,166],{"class":83},[20,10837,10838,10839,10842],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10840,10841],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10844,10845],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[60,10847,10849],{"className":62,"code":10848,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10850,10851,10900,10914],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10852,10853,10855,10857,10859,10861,10863,10865,10867,10869,10871,10873,10875,10877,10879,10881,10884,10886,10888,10890,10892,10894,10896,10898],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10854,9902],{"class":75},[69,10856,80],{"class":79},[69,10858,9907],{"class":83},[69,10860,706],{"class":699},[69,10862,533],{"class":703},[69,10864,706],{"class":699},[69,10866,91],{"class":83},[69,10868,1263],{"class":87},[69,10870,9920],{"class":83},[69,10872,441],{"class":83},[69,10874,706],{"class":699},[69,10876,533],{"class":703},[69,10878,706],{"class":699},[69,10880,91],{"class":83},[69,10882,10883],{"class":87}," 99",[69,10885,9920],{"class":83},[69,10887,441],{"class":83},[69,10889,706],{"class":699},[69,10891,5465],{"class":703},[69,10893,706],{"class":699},[69,10895,91],{"class":83},[69,10897,94],{"class":87},[69,10899,9935],{"class":83},[69,10901,10902,10904,10906,10908,10910,10912],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,10903,9852],{"class":75},[69,10905,80],{"class":79},[69,10907,9857],{"class":177},[69,10909,132],{"class":83},[69,10911,9948],{"class":146},[69,10913,166],{"class":83},[69,10915,10916,10918,10920,10922],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,10917,172],{"class":128},[69,10919,132],{"class":83},[69,10921,9891],{"class":146},[69,10923,166],{"class":83},[20,10925,10926],{},[42,10927,321],{},[60,10929,10931],{"className":62,"code":10930,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10932,10933],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10934,10935,10937,10939,10941,10943,10945,10947,10949,10951,10953,10955,10957,10959],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10936,9964],{"class":83},[69,10938,706],{"class":699},[69,10940,533],{"class":703},[69,10942,706],{"class":699},[69,10944,143],{"class":83},[69,10946,10883],{"class":87},[69,10948,91],{"class":83},[69,10950,700],{"class":699},[69,10952,5465],{"class":703},[69,10954,706],{"class":699},[69,10956,143],{"class":83},[69,10958,94],{"class":87},[69,10960,9994],{"class":83},[55,10962,10964],{"id":10963},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10966,10967],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[60,10969,10970],{"className":62,"code":10237,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,10971,10972,11002],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,10973,10974,10976,10978,10980,10982,10984,10986,10988,10990,10992,10994,10996,10998,11000],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,10975,9852],{"class":75},[69,10977,80],{"class":79},[69,10979,9857],{"class":177},[69,10981,132],{"class":83},[69,10983,8356],{"class":9862},[69,10985,80],{"class":79},[69,10987,706],{"class":699},[69,10989,5708],{"class":703},[69,10991,706],{"class":699},[69,10993,91],{"class":83},[69,10995,9875],{"class":9862},[69,10997,80],{"class":79},[69,10999,9880],{"class":87},[69,11001,166],{"class":83},[69,11003,11004,11006,11008,11010],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,11005,172],{"class":128},[69,11007,132],{"class":83},[69,11009,9891],{"class":146},[69,11011,166],{"class":83},[20,11013,11014],{},[42,11015,321],{},[60,11017,11018],{"className":62,"code":10286,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,11019,11020],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11021,11022,11024,11026,11028,11030,11032,11034,11036,11038,11040,11042,11044,11046,11048,11050],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11023,9964],{"class":83},[69,11025,706],{"class":699},[69,11027,8356],{"class":703},[69,11029,706],{"class":699},[69,11031,143],{"class":83},[69,11033,700],{"class":699},[69,11035,5708],{"class":703},[69,11037,706],{"class":699},[69,11039,91],{"class":83},[69,11041,700],{"class":699},[69,11043,9985],{"class":703},[69,11045,706],{"class":699},[69,11047,143],{"class":83},[69,11049,459],{"class":87},[69,11051,9994],{"class":83},[20,11053,11054],{},"In this form:",[29,11056,11057,11065],{},[32,11058,11059,11061,11062],{},[15,11060,8356],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,11063,11064],{},"'name'",[32,11066,11067,11061,11069],{},[15,11068,9985],{},[15,11070,11071],{},"'age'",[20,11073,11074],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,11076,11077],{},"Valid examples:",[60,11079,11081],{"className":62,"code":11080,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11082,11083,11121],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11084,11085,11087,11089,11091,11093,11096,11098,11100,11103,11105,11107,11110,11112,11114,11117,11119],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11086,9852],{"class":75},[69,11088,80],{"class":79},[69,11090,9857],{"class":177},[69,11092,132],{"class":83},[69,11094,11095],{"class":9862},"city",[69,11097,80],{"class":79},[69,11099,706],{"class":699},[69,11101,11102],{"class":703},"Paris",[69,11104,706],{"class":699},[69,11106,91],{"class":83},[69,11108,11109],{"class":9862}," country",[69,11111,80],{"class":79},[69,11113,706],{"class":699},[69,11115,11116],{"class":703},"France",[69,11118,706],{"class":699},[69,11120,166],{"class":83},[69,11122,11123,11125,11127,11129],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,11124,172],{"class":128},[69,11126,132],{"class":83},[69,11128,9891],{"class":146},[69,11130,166],{"class":83},[20,11132,11133],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[29,11135,11136,11139,11142],{},[32,11137,11138],{},"spaces",[32,11140,11141],{},"hyphens",[32,11143,11144],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,11146,11147,11148,11151],{},"For example, this is ",[42,11149,11150],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[60,11153,11155],{"className":62,"code":11154,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,11156,11157],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11158,11159],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11160,11154],{"class":189},[20,11162,11163],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[60,11165,11167],{"className":62,"code":11166,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11168,11169,11212],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11170,11171,11173,11175,11178,11180,11183,11185,11187,11189,11191,11193,11195,11197,11200,11202,11204,11206,11208,11210],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11172,9852],{"class":75},[69,11174,80],{"class":79},[69,11176,11177],{"class":83}," {",[69,11179,706],{"class":699},[69,11181,11182],{"class":703},"first-name",[69,11184,706],{"class":699},[69,11186,143],{"class":83},[69,11188,700],{"class":699},[69,11190,8365],{"class":703},[69,11192,706],{"class":699},[69,11194,91],{"class":83},[69,11196,700],{"class":699},[69,11198,11199],{"class":703},"first name",[69,11201,706],{"class":699},[69,11203,143],{"class":83},[69,11205,700],{"class":699},[69,11207,8365],{"class":703},[69,11209,706],{"class":699},[69,11211,9994],{"class":83},[69,11213,11214,11216,11218,11220],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,11215,172],{"class":128},[69,11217,132],{"class":83},[69,11219,9891],{"class":146},[69,11221,166],{"class":83},[20,11223,11224],{},[42,11225,321],{},[60,11227,11229],{"className":62,"code":11228,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,11230,11231],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11232,11233,11235,11237,11239,11241,11243,11245,11247,11249,11251,11253,11255,11257,11259,11261,11263,11265],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11234,9964],{"class":83},[69,11236,706],{"class":699},[69,11238,11182],{"class":703},[69,11240,706],{"class":699},[69,11242,143],{"class":83},[69,11244,700],{"class":699},[69,11246,8365],{"class":703},[69,11248,706],{"class":699},[69,11250,91],{"class":83},[69,11252,700],{"class":699},[69,11254,11199],{"class":703},[69,11256,706],{"class":699},[69,11258,143],{"class":83},[69,11260,700],{"class":699},[69,11262,8365],{"class":703},[69,11264,706],{"class":699},[69,11266,9994],{"class":83},[55,11268,11270,11272,11273],{"id":11269},"dict-vs",[15,11271,9806],{}," vs ",[15,11274,4505],{},[20,11276,11277,11278,5096,11280,11282],{},"Both ",[15,11279,9806],{},[15,11281,4505],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[377,11284,1378,11286,11288],{"id":11285},"use-when",[15,11287,4505],{}," when:",[29,11290,11291,11294],{},[32,11292,11293],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[32,11295,11296],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[60,11298,11299],{"className":62,"code":10513,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,11300,11301],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11302,11303,11305,11307],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11304,9852],{"class":75},[69,11306,80],{"class":79},[69,11308,10524],{"class":83},[377,11310,1378,11312,11288],{"id":11311},"use-dict-when",[15,11313,9806],{},[29,11315,11316,11319,11322],{},[32,11317,11318],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[32,11320,11321],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[32,11323,11324],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[60,11326,11328],{"className":62,"code":11327,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,11329,11330,11367],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11331,11332,11334,11336,11338,11340,11342,11344,11346,11348,11350,11352,11354,11356,11358,11360,11362,11364],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11333,9852],{"class":75},[69,11335,80],{"class":79},[69,11337,9857],{"class":177},[69,11339,10343],{"class":83},[69,11341,706],{"class":699},[69,11343,533],{"class":703},[69,11345,706],{"class":699},[69,11347,91],{"class":83},[69,11349,1263],{"class":87},[69,11351,9920],{"class":83},[69,11353,441],{"class":83},[69,11355,706],{"class":699},[69,11357,5465],{"class":703},[69,11359,706],{"class":699},[69,11361,91],{"class":83},[69,11363,94],{"class":87},[69,11365,11366],{"class":83},")])\n",[69,11368,11369,11372,11374,11376,11378,11380,11382,11384,11386,11388,11390,11392,11394,11396],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,11370,11371],{"class":75},"info ",[69,11373,80],{"class":79},[69,11375,9857],{"class":177},[69,11377,132],{"class":83},[69,11379,8356],{"class":9862},[69,11381,80],{"class":79},[69,11383,706],{"class":699},[69,11385,5708],{"class":703},[69,11387,706],{"class":699},[69,11389,91],{"class":83},[69,11391,9875],{"class":9862},[69,11393,80],{"class":79},[69,11395,9880],{"class":87},[69,11397,166],{"class":83},[20,11399,11400],{},"So:",[29,11402,11403,11408],{},[32,11404,11405,11407],{},[15,11406,4505],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[32,11409,11410,11412],{},[15,11411,9806],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,11414,11415,11416,11420,11421,537],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[533,11417,11419],{"href":11418},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[533,11422,11424,11425,11428],{"href":11423},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,11426,11427],{},"get()"," method",[55,11430,11432],{"id":11431},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,11434,11435,11436,537],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,11437,9806],{},[377,11439,11441],{"id":11440},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,11443,5229],{},[60,11445,11447],{"className":62,"code":11446,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,11448,11449,11473],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11450,11451,11453,11455,11457,11459,11461,11463,11465,11467,11469,11471],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11452,1252],{"class":75},[69,11454,80],{"class":79},[69,11456,84],{"class":83},[69,11458,706],{"class":699},[69,11460,533],{"class":703},[69,11462,706],{"class":699},[69,11464,91],{"class":83},[69,11466,700],{"class":699},[69,11468,5465],{"class":703},[69,11470,706],{"class":699},[69,11472,117],{"class":83},[69,11474,11475,11477,11479,11481,11483,11485],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,11476,9852],{"class":75},[69,11478,80],{"class":79},[69,11480,9857],{"class":177},[69,11482,132],{"class":83},[69,11484,8497],{"class":146},[69,11486,166],{"class":83},[20,11488,11489,11490,537],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,11491,11492],{},"('a', 1)",[20,11494,11495],{},"Correct version:",[60,11497,11499],{"className":62,"code":11498,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,11500,11501,11535,11549],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11502,11503,11505,11507,11509,11511,11513,11515,11517,11519,11521,11523,11525,11527,11529,11531,11533],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11504,1252],{"class":75},[69,11506,80],{"class":79},[69,11508,9907],{"class":83},[69,11510,706],{"class":699},[69,11512,533],{"class":703},[69,11514,706],{"class":699},[69,11516,91],{"class":83},[69,11518,1263],{"class":87},[69,11520,9920],{"class":83},[69,11522,441],{"class":83},[69,11524,706],{"class":699},[69,11526,5465],{"class":703},[69,11528,706],{"class":699},[69,11530,91],{"class":83},[69,11532,94],{"class":87},[69,11534,9935],{"class":83},[69,11536,11537,11539,11541,11543,11545,11547],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,11538,9852],{"class":75},[69,11540,80],{"class":79},[69,11542,9857],{"class":177},[69,11544,132],{"class":83},[69,11546,8497],{"class":146},[69,11548,166],{"class":83},[69,11550,11551,11553,11555,11557],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,11552,172],{"class":128},[69,11554,132],{"class":83},[69,11556,9891],{"class":146},[69,11558,166],{"class":83},[377,11560,11562],{"id":11561},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,11564,11565],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[60,11567,11569],{"className":62,"code":11568,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,11570,11571],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11572,11573],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11574,11568],{"class":189},[20,11576,11577,11578,143],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,11579,80],{},[60,11581,11583],{"className":62,"code":11582,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11584,11585,11607],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11586,11587,11589,11591,11593,11595,11597,11599,11601,11603,11605],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11588,9852],{"class":75},[69,11590,80],{"class":79},[69,11592,9857],{"class":177},[69,11594,132],{"class":83},[69,11596,8356],{"class":9862},[69,11598,80],{"class":79},[69,11600,706],{"class":699},[69,11602,5708],{"class":703},[69,11604,706],{"class":699},[69,11606,166],{"class":83},[69,11608,11609,11611,11613,11615],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,11610,172],{"class":128},[69,11612,132],{"class":83},[69,11614,9891],{"class":146},[69,11616,166],{"class":83},[377,11618,11620],{"id":11619},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11622,11623],{},"This will not work:",[60,11625,11626],{"className":62,"code":11154,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,11627,11628],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11629,11630],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11631,11154],{"class":189},[20,11633,11634],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[60,11636,11638],{"className":62,"code":11637,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11639,11640,11664],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11641,11642,11644,11646,11648,11650,11652,11654,11656,11658,11660,11662],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11643,9852],{"class":75},[69,11645,80],{"class":79},[69,11647,11177],{"class":83},[69,11649,706],{"class":699},[69,11651,11182],{"class":703},[69,11653,706],{"class":699},[69,11655,143],{"class":83},[69,11657,700],{"class":699},[69,11659,8365],{"class":703},[69,11661,706],{"class":699},[69,11663,9994],{"class":83},[69,11665,11666,11668,11670,11672],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,11667,172],{"class":128},[69,11669,132],{"class":83},[69,11671,9891],{"class":146},[69,11673,166],{"class":83},[377,11675,11677],{"id":11676},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11679,11680],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[60,11682,11684],{"className":62,"code":11683,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11685,11686,11722],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11687,11688,11690,11692,11694,11696,11698,11700,11702,11704,11706,11708,11710,11712,11714,11716,11718,11720],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11689,9852],{"class":75},[69,11691,80],{"class":79},[69,11693,9857],{"class":177},[69,11695,10343],{"class":83},[69,11697,706],{"class":699},[69,11699,2904],{"class":703},[69,11701,706],{"class":699},[69,11703,91],{"class":83},[69,11705,1263],{"class":87},[69,11707,9920],{"class":83},[69,11709,441],{"class":83},[69,11711,706],{"class":699},[69,11713,2904],{"class":703},[69,11715,706],{"class":699},[69,11717,91],{"class":83},[69,11719,94],{"class":87},[69,11721,11366],{"class":83},[69,11723,11724,11726,11728,11730],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,11725,172],{"class":128},[69,11727,132],{"class":83},[69,11729,9891],{"class":146},[69,11731,166],{"class":83},[20,11733,11734],{},[42,11735,321],{},[60,11737,11739],{"className":62,"code":11738,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11740,11741],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11742,11743,11745,11747,11749,11751,11753,11755],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11744,9964],{"class":83},[69,11746,706],{"class":699},[69,11748,2904],{"class":703},[69,11750,706],{"class":699},[69,11752,143],{"class":83},[69,11754,94],{"class":87},[69,11756,9994],{"class":83},[20,11758,11759,11760,537],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[533,11761,11763],{"href":11762},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[55,11765,1771],{"id":1770},[20,11767,11768,11769,11771],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11770,9806],{}," include:",[29,11773,11774,11784,11790,11793],{},[32,11775,11776,11777,11780,11781],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11778,11779],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11782,11783],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[32,11785,11786,11787],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11788,11789],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[32,11791,11792],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[32,11794,11795,11796,11798],{},"confusing ",[15,11797,9806],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11800,11801],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[60,11803,11805],{"className":62,"code":11804,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11806,11807,11821,11831,11842],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,11808,11809,11811,11813,11815,11817,11819],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,11810,172],{"class":128},[69,11812,132],{"class":83},[69,11814,641],{"class":177},[69,11816,132],{"class":83},[69,11818,9891],{"class":146},[69,11820,318],{"class":83},[69,11822,11823,11825,11827,11829],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,11824,172],{"class":128},[69,11826,132],{"class":83},[69,11828,9891],{"class":146},[69,11830,166],{"class":83},[69,11832,11833,11835,11837,11840],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,11834,172],{"class":128},[69,11836,132],{"class":83},[69,11838,11839],{"class":146},"list_of_pairs",[69,11841,166],{"class":83},[69,11843,11844,11846,11848,11851,11853,11855],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,11845,172],{"class":128},[69,11847,132],{"class":83},[69,11849,11850],{"class":128},"len",[69,11852,132],{"class":83},[69,11854,11839],{"class":146},[69,11856,318],{"class":83},[20,11858,11859],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[29,11861,11862,11865,11868],{},[32,11863,11864],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[32,11866,11867],{},"what data is being passed in",[32,11869,11870],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[55,11872,2519],{"id":2518},[377,11874,5881,11876,5096,11878,3218],{"id":11875},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11877,9806],{},[15,11879,4505],{},[20,11881,11882,11884,11885,11887],{},[15,11883,4505],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11886,9806],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[377,11889,5871,11891,11893],{"id":11890},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11892,9806],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11895,11896,11897,537],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11898,11783],{},[377,11900,5859,11902,11905],{"id":11901},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11903,11904],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11907,11908],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[377,11910,11912,11913,11915],{"id":11911},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11914,9806],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11917,11918,11919,11922],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11920,11921],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[55,11924,2620],{"id":2619},[29,11926,11927,11932,11936,11941,11947],{},[32,11928,11929],{},[533,11930,11931],{"href":10076},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[32,11933,11934],{},[533,11935,9842],{"href":9841},[32,11937,11938],{},[533,11939,11940],{"href":11418},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[32,11942,11943],{},[533,11944,11424,11945,11428],{"href":11423},[15,11946,11427],{},[32,11948,11949],{},[533,11950,11951],{"href":11762},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2650,11953,11954],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":11956},[11957,11959,11965,11966,11967,11968,11975,11981,11982,11992],{"id":10030,"depth":120,"text":11958},"What dict() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888,"children":11960},[11961,11962,11963,11964],{"id":10087,"depth":169,"text":10088},{"id":10129,"depth":169,"text":10130},{"id":10233,"depth":169,"text":10234},{"id":10323,"depth":169,"text":10324},{"id":10436,"depth":120,"text":10088},{"id":10540,"depth":120,"text":10541},{"id":10963,"depth":120,"text":10964},{"id":11269,"depth":120,"text":11969,"children":11970},"dict() vs {}",[11971,11973],{"id":11285,"depth":169,"text":11972},"Use {} when:",{"id":11311,"depth":169,"text":11974},"Use dict() when:",{"id":11431,"depth":120,"text":11432,"children":11976},[11977,11978,11979,11980],{"id":11440,"depth":169,"text":11441},{"id":11561,"depth":169,"text":11562},{"id":11619,"depth":169,"text":11620},{"id":11676,"depth":169,"text":11677},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":11983},[11984,11986,11988,11990],{"id":11875,"depth":169,"text":11985},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11890,"depth":169,"text":11987},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11901,"depth":169,"text":11989},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11911,"depth":169,"text":11991},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9798,"description":11993},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":12000,"title":12001,"body":12002,"description":13513,"extension":2697,"meta":13514,"navigation":272,"path":13515,"seo":13516,"stem":13517,"__hash__":13518},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":12003,"toc":13482},[12004,12012,12018,12025,12027,12088,12093,12098,12103,12121,12124,12128,12130,12146,12149,12162,12166,12169,12303,12305,12372,12375,12391,12397,12403,12406,12488,12490,12504,12508,12514,12579,12581,12589,12592,12615,12621,12684,12690,12693,12707,12720,12724,12735,12740,12751,12758,12762,12768,12890,12892,12918,12921,12938,12941,13052,13054,13103,13105,13118,13127,13132,13137,13148,13150,13253,13276,13278,13282,13301,13304,13362,13365,13391,13393,13399,13402,13408,13412,13419,13427,13433,13436,13438,13479],[10,12005,12007,12008,12011],{"id":12006},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,12009,12010],{},"clear()"," Method",[20,12013,12014,12017],{},[15,12015,12016],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,12019,12020,12021,12024],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[42,12022,12023],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[55,12026,58],{"id":57},[60,12028,12030],{"className":62,"code":12029,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,12031,12032,12064,12075],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,12033,12034,12036,12038,12040,12042,12044,12046,12048,12050,12052,12054,12056,12058,12060,12062],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,12035,9852],{"class":75},[69,12037,80],{"class":79},[69,12039,11177],{"class":83},[69,12041,871],{"class":699},[69,12043,533],{"class":703},[69,12045,871],{"class":699},[69,12047,143],{"class":83},[69,12049,1263],{"class":87},[69,12051,91],{"class":83},[69,12053,881],{"class":699},[69,12055,5465],{"class":703},[69,12057,871],{"class":699},[69,12059,143],{"class":83},[69,12061,94],{"class":87},[69,12063,9994],{"class":83},[69,12065,12066,12068,12070,12073],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,12067,9891],{"class":75},[69,12069,537],{"class":83},[69,12071,12072],{"class":146},"clear",[69,12074,9329],{"class":83},[69,12076,12077,12079,12081,12083,12085],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,12078,172],{"class":128},[69,12080,132],{"class":83},[69,12082,9891],{"class":146},[69,12084,938],{"class":83},[69,12086,12087],{"class":189},"  # {}\n",[20,12089,12090,12092],{},[15,12091,12010],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[55,12094,202,12096,205],{"id":12095},"what-clear-does",[15,12097,12010],{},[20,12099,2714,12100,12102],{},[15,12101,12010],{}," method:",[29,12104,12105,12108,12111,12116],{},[32,12106,12107],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[32,12109,12110],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[32,12112,12113,12114],{},"Returns ",[15,12115,1181],{},[32,12117,12118,12119],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,12120,4505],{},[20,12122,12123],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,12125,9838,12126,537],{},[533,12127,9842],{"href":9841},[55,12129,2888],{"id":2887},[60,12131,12133],{"className":62,"code":12132,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,12134,12135],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,12136,12137,12140,12142,12144],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,12138,12139],{"class":75},"my_dict",[69,12141,537],{"class":83},[69,12143,12072],{"class":146},[69,12145,9329],{"class":83},[20,12147,12148],{},"Important points:",[29,12150,12151,12156,12159],{},[32,12152,12153,12155],{},[15,12154,12010],{}," takes no arguments",[32,12157,12158],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[32,12160,12161],{},"It empties that dictionary",[55,12163,12165],{"id":12164},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,12167,12168],{},"Here is a basic example:",[60,12170,12172],{"className":62,"code":12171,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,12173,12174,12184,12205,12219,12236,12240,12244,12264,12268,12279,12283],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,12175,12176,12179,12181],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,12177,12178],{"class":75},"user ",[69,12180,80],{"class":79},[69,12182,12183],{"class":83}," {\n",[69,12185,12186,12189,12191,12193,12195,12197,12200,12202],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,12187,12188],{"class":699},"    \"",[69,12190,8356],{"class":703},[69,12192,871],{"class":699},[69,12194,143],{"class":83},[69,12196,881],{"class":699},[69,12198,12199],{"class":703},"Maya",[69,12201,871],{"class":699},[69,12203,12204],{"class":83},",\n",[69,12206,12207,12209,12211,12213,12215,12217],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,12208,12188],{"class":699},[69,12210,9985],{"class":703},[69,12212,871],{"class":699},[69,12214,143],{"class":83},[69,12216,459],{"class":87},[69,12218,12204],{"class":83},[69,12220,12221,12223,12225,12227,12229,12231,12234],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,12222,12188],{"class":699},[69,12224,11095],{"class":703},[69,12226,871],{"class":699},[69,12228,143],{"class":83},[69,12230,881],{"class":699},[69,12232,12233],{"class":703},"Berlin",[69,12235,4079],{"class":699},[69,12237,12238],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,12239,9994],{"class":83},[69,12241,12242],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,12243,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,12245,12246,12248,12250,12252,12255,12257,12259,12262],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,12247,172],{"class":128},[69,12249,132],{"class":83},[69,12251,871],{"class":699},[69,12253,12254],{"class":703},"Before:",[69,12256,871],{"class":699},[69,12258,91],{"class":83},[69,12260,12261],{"class":146}," user",[69,12263,166],{"class":83},[69,12265,12266],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,12267,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,12269,12270,12273,12275,12277],{"class":71,"line":7120},[69,12271,12272],{"class":75},"user",[69,12274,537],{"class":83},[69,12276,12072],{"class":146},[69,12278,9329],{"class":83},[69,12280,12281],{"class":71,"line":7125},[69,12282,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,12284,12286,12288,12290,12292,12295,12297,12299,12301],{"class":71,"line":12285},11,[69,12287,172],{"class":128},[69,12289,132],{"class":83},[69,12291,871],{"class":699},[69,12293,12294],{"class":703},"After:",[69,12296,871],{"class":699},[69,12298,91],{"class":83},[69,12300,12261],{"class":146},[69,12302,166],{"class":83},[20,12304,6259],{},[60,12306,12308],{"className":62,"code":12307,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,12309,12310,12363],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,12311,12312,12315,12317,12319,12321,12323,12325,12327,12329,12331,12333,12335,12337,12339,12341,12343,12345,12347,12349,12351,12353,12355,12357,12359,12361],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,12313,12314],{"class":75},"Before",[69,12316,143],{"class":83},[69,12318,11177],{"class":83},[69,12320,706],{"class":699},[69,12322,8356],{"class":703},[69,12324,706],{"class":699},[69,12326,143],{"class":83},[69,12328,700],{"class":699},[69,12330,12199],{"class":703},[69,12332,706],{"class":699},[69,12334,91],{"class":83},[69,12336,700],{"class":699},[69,12338,9985],{"class":703},[69,12340,706],{"class":699},[69,12342,143],{"class":83},[69,12344,459],{"class":87},[69,12346,91],{"class":83},[69,12348,700],{"class":699},[69,12350,11095],{"class":703},[69,12352,706],{"class":699},[69,12354,143],{"class":83},[69,12356,700],{"class":699},[69,12358,12233],{"class":703},[69,12360,706],{"class":699},[69,12362,9994],{"class":83},[69,12364,12365,12368,12370],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,12366,12367],{"class":75},"After",[69,12369,143],{"class":83},[69,12371,10524],{"class":83},[20,12373,12374],{},"What happens here:",[29,12376,12377,12382,12388],{},[32,12378,12379,12381],{},[15,12380,12272],{}," starts with three items",[32,12383,12384,12387],{},[15,12385,12386],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[32,12389,12390],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[55,12392,202,12394,12396],{"id":12393},"what-clear-returns",[15,12395,12010],{}," returns",[20,12398,12399,1172,12401,537],{},[15,12400,12010],{},[15,12402,1181],{},[20,12404,12405],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[60,12407,12409],{"className":62,"code":12408,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12410,12411,12445,12449,12464,12468,12478],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,12412,12413,12416,12418,12420,12422,12424,12426,12428,12430,12432,12434,12437,12439,12441,12443],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,12414,12415],{"class":75},"my_dict ",[69,12417,80],{"class":79},[69,12419,11177],{"class":83},[69,12421,871],{"class":699},[69,12423,2904],{"class":703},[69,12425,871],{"class":699},[69,12427,143],{"class":83},[69,12429,1263],{"class":87},[69,12431,91],{"class":83},[69,12433,881],{"class":699},[69,12435,12436],{"class":703},"y",[69,12438,871],{"class":699},[69,12440,143],{"class":83},[69,12442,94],{"class":87},[69,12444,9994],{"class":83},[69,12446,12447],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,12448,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,12450,12451,12453,12455,12458,12460,12462],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,12452,123],{"class":75},[69,12454,80],{"class":79},[69,12456,12457],{"class":75}," my_dict",[69,12459,537],{"class":83},[69,12461,12072],{"class":146},[69,12463,9329],{"class":83},[69,12465,12466],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,12467,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,12469,12470,12472,12474,12476],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,12471,172],{"class":128},[69,12473,132],{"class":83},[69,12475,183],{"class":146},[69,12477,166],{"class":83},[69,12479,12480,12482,12484,12486],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,12481,172],{"class":128},[69,12483,132],{"class":83},[69,12485,12139],{"class":146},[69,12487,166],{"class":83},[20,12489,321],{},[60,12491,12493],{"className":62,"code":12492,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"None\n{}\n",[15,12494,12495,12500],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,12496,12497],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,12498,12499],{"class":1203},"None\n",[69,12501,12502],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,12503,10120],{"class":83},[377,12505,12507],{"id":12506},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,12509,12510,12511,12513],{},"Do ",[42,12512,5334],{}," do this:",[60,12515,12517],{"className":62,"code":12516,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12518,12519,12551,12565,12569],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,12520,12521,12523,12525,12527,12529,12531,12533,12535,12537,12539,12541,12543,12545,12547,12549],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,12522,12415],{"class":75},[69,12524,80],{"class":79},[69,12526,11177],{"class":83},[69,12528,871],{"class":699},[69,12530,2904],{"class":703},[69,12532,871],{"class":699},[69,12534,143],{"class":83},[69,12536,1263],{"class":87},[69,12538,91],{"class":83},[69,12540,881],{"class":699},[69,12542,12436],{"class":703},[69,12544,871],{"class":699},[69,12546,143],{"class":83},[69,12548,94],{"class":87},[69,12550,9994],{"class":83},[69,12552,12553,12555,12557,12559,12561,12563],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,12554,12415],{"class":75},[69,12556,80],{"class":79},[69,12558,12457],{"class":75},[69,12560,537],{"class":83},[69,12562,12072],{"class":146},[69,12564,9329],{"class":83},[69,12566,12567],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,12568,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,12570,12571,12573,12575,12577],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,12572,172],{"class":128},[69,12574,132],{"class":83},[69,12576,12139],{"class":146},[69,12578,166],{"class":83},[20,12580,321],{},[60,12582,12583],{"className":62,"code":12499,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,12584,12585],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,12586,12587],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,12588,12499],{"class":1203},[20,12590,12591],{},"Why this happens:",[29,12593,12594,12600,12605],{},[32,12595,12596,12599],{},[15,12597,12598],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[32,12601,12602,12603],{},"The method returns ",[15,12604,1181],{},[32,12606,12607,12608,12611,12612,12614],{},"Then ",[15,12609,12610],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12613,1181],{}," in the variable",[20,12616,12617,12618,12620],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12619,12010],{}," by itself:",[60,12622,12624],{"className":62,"code":12623,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12625,12626,12658,12668,12672],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,12627,12628,12630,12632,12634,12636,12638,12640,12642,12644,12646,12648,12650,12652,12654,12656],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,12629,12415],{"class":75},[69,12631,80],{"class":79},[69,12633,11177],{"class":83},[69,12635,871],{"class":699},[69,12637,2904],{"class":703},[69,12639,871],{"class":699},[69,12641,143],{"class":83},[69,12643,1263],{"class":87},[69,12645,91],{"class":83},[69,12647,881],{"class":699},[69,12649,12436],{"class":703},[69,12651,871],{"class":699},[69,12653,143],{"class":83},[69,12655,94],{"class":87},[69,12657,9994],{"class":83},[69,12659,12660,12662,12664,12666],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,12661,12139],{"class":75},[69,12663,537],{"class":83},[69,12665,12072],{"class":146},[69,12667,9329],{"class":83},[69,12669,12670],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,12671,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,12673,12674,12676,12678,12680,12682],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,12675,172],{"class":128},[69,12677,132],{"class":83},[69,12679,12139],{"class":146},[69,12681,938],{"class":83},[69,12683,12087],{"class":189},[55,12685,12687,12689],{"id":12686},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12688,12010],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12691,12692],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[60,12694,12695],{"className":62,"code":12132,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,12696,12697],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,12698,12699,12701,12703,12705],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,12700,12139],{"class":75},[69,12702,537],{"class":83},[69,12704,12072],{"class":146},[69,12706,9329],{"class":83},[60,12708,12710],{"className":62,"code":12709,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12711,12712],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,12713,12714,12716,12718],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,12715,12415],{"class":75},[69,12717,80],{"class":79},[69,12719,10524],{"class":83},[377,12721,12722],{"id":12072},[15,12723,12010],{},[29,12725,12726,12729,12732],{},[32,12727,12728],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[32,12730,12731],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[32,12733,12734],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[377,12736,12737],{"id":12139},[15,12738,12739],{},"my_dict = {}",[29,12741,12742,12745,12748],{},[32,12743,12744],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[32,12746,12747],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[32,12749,12750],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12752,12753,12754,537],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[533,12755,12757],{"href":12756},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[55,12759,12761],{"id":12760},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12763,12764,12765,12767],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12766,12010],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[60,12769,12771],{"className":62,"code":12770,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12772,12773,12806,12816,12820,12831,12835,12855,12875],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,12774,12775,12778,12780,12782,12784,12786,12788,12790,12792,12794,12796,12798,12800,12802,12804],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,12776,12777],{"class":75},"original ",[69,12779,80],{"class":79},[69,12781,11177],{"class":83},[69,12783,871],{"class":699},[69,12785,533],{"class":703},[69,12787,871],{"class":699},[69,12789,143],{"class":83},[69,12791,1263],{"class":87},[69,12793,91],{"class":83},[69,12795,881],{"class":699},[69,12797,5465],{"class":703},[69,12799,871],{"class":699},[69,12801,143],{"class":83},[69,12803,94],{"class":87},[69,12805,9994],{"class":83},[69,12807,12808,12811,12813],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,12809,12810],{"class":75},"other_ref ",[69,12812,80],{"class":79},[69,12814,12815],{"class":75}," original\n",[69,12817,12818],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,12819,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,12821,12822,12825,12827,12829],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,12823,12824],{"class":75},"original",[69,12826,537],{"class":83},[69,12828,12072],{"class":146},[69,12830,9329],{"class":83},[69,12832,12833],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,12834,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,12836,12837,12839,12841,12843,12846,12848,12850,12853],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,12838,172],{"class":128},[69,12840,132],{"class":83},[69,12842,871],{"class":699},[69,12844,12845],{"class":703},"original:",[69,12847,871],{"class":699},[69,12849,91],{"class":83},[69,12851,12852],{"class":146}," original",[69,12854,166],{"class":83},[69,12856,12857,12859,12861,12863,12866,12868,12870,12873],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,12858,172],{"class":128},[69,12860,132],{"class":83},[69,12862,871],{"class":699},[69,12864,12865],{"class":703},"other_ref:",[69,12867,871],{"class":699},[69,12869,91],{"class":83},[69,12871,12872],{"class":146}," other_ref",[69,12874,166],{"class":83},[69,12876,12877,12879,12881,12883,12886,12888],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,12878,172],{"class":128},[69,12880,132],{"class":83},[69,12882,12777],{"class":146},[69,12884,12885],{"class":1053},"is",[69,12887,12872],{"class":146},[69,12889,166],{"class":83},[20,12891,321],{},[60,12893,12895],{"className":62,"code":12894,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12896,12897,12905,12914],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,12898,12899,12901,12903],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,12900,12824],{"class":75},[69,12902,143],{"class":83},[69,12904,10524],{"class":83},[69,12906,12907,12910,12912],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,12908,12909],{"class":75},"other_ref",[69,12911,143],{"class":83},[69,12913,10524],{"class":83},[69,12915,12916],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,12917,4685],{"class":1203},[20,12919,12920],{},"This shows:",[29,12922,12923,12930,12935],{},[32,12924,12925,5096,12927,12929],{},[15,12926,12824],{},[15,12928,12909],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[32,12931,12932,12934],{},[15,12933,12010],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[32,12936,12937],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12939,12940],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[60,12942,12944],{"className":62,"code":12943,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12945,12946,12978,12986,12990,12998,13002,13020,13038],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,12947,12948,12950,12952,12954,12956,12958,12960,12962,12964,12966,12968,12970,12972,12974,12976],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,12949,12777],{"class":75},[69,12951,80],{"class":79},[69,12953,11177],{"class":83},[69,12955,871],{"class":699},[69,12957,533],{"class":703},[69,12959,871],{"class":699},[69,12961,143],{"class":83},[69,12963,1263],{"class":87},[69,12965,91],{"class":83},[69,12967,881],{"class":699},[69,12969,5465],{"class":703},[69,12971,871],{"class":699},[69,12973,143],{"class":83},[69,12975,94],{"class":87},[69,12977,9994],{"class":83},[69,12979,12980,12982,12984],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,12981,12810],{"class":75},[69,12983,80],{"class":79},[69,12985,12815],{"class":75},[69,12987,12988],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,12989,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,12991,12992,12994,12996],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,12993,12777],{"class":75},[69,12995,80],{"class":79},[69,12997,10524],{"class":83},[69,12999,13000],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,13001,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,13003,13004,13006,13008,13010,13012,13014,13016,13018],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,13005,172],{"class":128},[69,13007,132],{"class":83},[69,13009,871],{"class":699},[69,13011,12845],{"class":703},[69,13013,871],{"class":699},[69,13015,91],{"class":83},[69,13017,12852],{"class":146},[69,13019,166],{"class":83},[69,13021,13022,13024,13026,13028,13030,13032,13034,13036],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,13023,172],{"class":128},[69,13025,132],{"class":83},[69,13027,871],{"class":699},[69,13029,12865],{"class":703},[69,13031,871],{"class":699},[69,13033,91],{"class":83},[69,13035,12872],{"class":146},[69,13037,166],{"class":83},[69,13039,13040,13042,13044,13046,13048,13050],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,13041,172],{"class":128},[69,13043,132],{"class":83},[69,13045,12777],{"class":146},[69,13047,12885],{"class":1053},[69,13049,12872],{"class":146},[69,13051,166],{"class":83},[20,13053,321],{},[60,13055,13057],{"className":62,"code":13056,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,13058,13059,13067,13099],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,13060,13061,13063,13065],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,13062,12824],{"class":75},[69,13064,143],{"class":83},[69,13066,10524],{"class":83},[69,13068,13069,13071,13073,13075,13077,13079,13081,13083,13085,13087,13089,13091,13093,13095,13097],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,13070,12909],{"class":75},[69,13072,143],{"class":83},[69,13074,11177],{"class":83},[69,13076,706],{"class":699},[69,13078,533],{"class":703},[69,13080,706],{"class":699},[69,13082,143],{"class":83},[69,13084,1263],{"class":87},[69,13086,91],{"class":83},[69,13088,700],{"class":699},[69,13090,5465],{"class":703},[69,13092,706],{"class":699},[69,13094,143],{"class":83},[69,13096,94],{"class":87},[69,13098,9994],{"class":83},[69,13100,13101],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,13102,4746],{"class":1203},[20,13104,2909],{},[29,13106,13107,13113],{},[32,13108,13109,13112],{},[15,13110,13111],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[32,13114,13115,13117],{},[15,13116,12909],{}," still points to the old one",[20,13119,13120,13121,537],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[533,13122,13124],{"href":13123},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,13125,13126],{},"dict.copy()",[55,13128,1373,13130],{"id":13129},"when-to-use-clear",[15,13131,12010],{},[20,13133,13134,13136],{},[15,13135,12010],{}," is useful when you want to:",[29,13138,13139,13142,13145],{},[32,13140,13141],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[32,13143,13144],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[32,13146,13147],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,13149,234],{},[60,13151,13153],{"className":62,"code":13152,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,13154,13155,13164,13180,13200,13213,13217,13221,13226,13237,13241],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,13156,13157,13160,13162],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,13158,13159],{"class":75},"session_data ",[69,13161,80],{"class":79},[69,13163,12183],{"class":83},[69,13165,13166,13168,13171,13173,13175,13178],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,13167,12188],{"class":699},[69,13169,13170],{"class":703},"user_id",[69,13172,871],{"class":699},[69,13174,143],{"class":83},[69,13176,13177],{"class":87}," 101",[69,13179,12204],{"class":83},[69,13181,13182,13184,13187,13189,13191,13193,13196,13198],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,13183,12188],{"class":699},[69,13185,13186],{"class":703},"theme",[69,13188,871],{"class":699},[69,13190,143],{"class":83},[69,13192,881],{"class":699},[69,13194,13195],{"class":703},"dark",[69,13197,871],{"class":699},[69,13199,12204],{"class":83},[69,13201,13202,13204,13207,13209,13211],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,13203,12188],{"class":699},[69,13205,13206],{"class":703},"logged_in",[69,13208,871],{"class":699},[69,13210,143],{"class":83},[69,13212,7112],{"class":1203},[69,13214,13215],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,13216,9994],{"class":83},[69,13218,13219],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,13220,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,13222,13223],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,13224,13225],{"class":189},"# Reset for a new session\n",[69,13227,13228,13231,13233,13235],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,13229,13230],{"class":75},"session_data",[69,13232,537],{"class":83},[69,13234,12072],{"class":146},[69,13236,9329],{"class":83},[69,13238,13239],{"class":71,"line":7120},[69,13240,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,13242,13243,13245,13247,13249,13251],{"class":71,"line":7125},[69,13244,172],{"class":128},[69,13246,132],{"class":83},[69,13248,13230],{"class":146},[69,13250,938],{"class":83},[69,13252,12087],{"class":189},[20,13254,13255,13256,13262,13263,537,13267,13269,13270,537],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[533,13257,13259],{"href":13258},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,13260,13261],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[533,13264,13266],{"href":13265},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10532,13268],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[533,13271,13273],{"href":13272},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,13274,13275],{},"dict.popitem()",[55,13277,1771],{"id":1770},[20,13279,11435,13280,143],{},[15,13281,12010],{},[29,13283,13284,13290,13295,13298],{},[32,13285,13286,13287,13289],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,13288,12010],{}," to a variable",[32,13291,1780,13292,13294],{},[15,13293,12010],{}," to return a new dictionary",[32,13296,13297],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[32,13299,13300],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,13302,13303],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[60,13305,13307],{"className":62,"code":13306,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,13308,13309,13319,13333,13348],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,13310,13311,13313,13315,13317],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,13312,172],{"class":128},[69,13314,132],{"class":83},[69,13316,12139],{"class":146},[69,13318,166],{"class":83},[69,13320,13321,13323,13325,13327,13329,13331],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,13322,172],{"class":128},[69,13324,132],{"class":83},[69,13326,641],{"class":177},[69,13328,132],{"class":83},[69,13330,12139],{"class":146},[69,13332,318],{"class":83},[69,13334,13335,13337,13339,13342,13344,13346],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,13336,172],{"class":128},[69,13338,132],{"class":83},[69,13340,13341],{"class":128},"id",[69,13343,132],{"class":83},[69,13345,12139],{"class":146},[69,13347,318],{"class":83},[69,13349,13350,13352,13354,13356,13358,13360],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,13351,172],{"class":128},[69,13353,132],{"class":83},[69,13355,12810],{"class":146},[69,13357,12885],{"class":1053},[69,13359,12457],{"class":146},[69,13361,166],{"class":83},[20,13363,13364],{},"What these show:",[29,13366,13367,13373,13379,13385],{},[32,13368,13369,13372],{},[15,13370,13371],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[32,13374,13375,13378],{},[15,13376,13377],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[32,13380,13381,13384],{},[15,13382,13383],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[32,13386,13387,13390],{},[15,13388,13389],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[55,13392,2519],{"id":2518},[377,13394,2523,13396,13398],{"id":13395},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,13397,12010],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,13400,13401],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[377,13403,2561,13405,13407],{"id":13404},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,13406,12016],{}," return?",[20,13409,5849,13410,537],{},[15,13411,1181],{},[377,13413,5881,13415,5096,13417,3218],{"id":13414},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,13416,12010],{},[15,13418,4505],{},[20,13420,13421,13423,13424,13426],{},[15,13422,12010],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,13425,4505],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[377,13428,2523,13430,13432],{"id":13429},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,13431,12010],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,13434,13435],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[55,13437,2620],{"id":2619},[29,13439,13440,13444,13448,13455,13462,13469,13474],{},[32,13441,13442],{},[533,13443,9842],{"href":9841},[32,13445,13446],{},[533,13447,11931],{"href":10076},[32,13449,13450],{},[533,13451,11424,13452,11428],{"href":13258},[15,13453,13454],{},"pop()",[32,13456,13457],{},[533,13458,11424,13459,11428],{"href":13272},[15,13460,13461],{},"popitem()",[32,13463,13464],{},[533,13465,11424,13466,11428],{"href":13123},[15,13467,13468],{},"copy()",[32,13470,13471],{},[533,13472,13473],{"href":12756},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[32,13475,13476],{},[533,13477,13478],{"href":13265},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2650,13480,13481],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":13483},[13484,13485,13487,13488,13489,13493,13498,13499,13501,13502,13512],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":12095,"depth":120,"text":13486},"What clear() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":12164,"depth":120,"text":12165},{"id":12393,"depth":120,"text":13490,"children":13491},"What clear() returns",[13492],{"id":12506,"depth":169,"text":12507},{"id":12686,"depth":120,"text":13494,"children":13495},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[13496,13497],{"id":12072,"depth":169,"text":12010},{"id":12139,"depth":169,"text":12739},{"id":12760,"depth":120,"text":12761},{"id":13129,"depth":120,"text":13500},"When to use clear()",{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":13503},[13504,13506,13508,13510],{"id":13395,"depth":169,"text":13505},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":13404,"depth":169,"text":13507},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":13414,"depth":169,"text":13509},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":13429,"depth":169,"text":13511},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":12001,"description":13513},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":13520,"title":13521,"body":13522,"description":15689,"extension":2697,"meta":15690,"navigation":272,"path":15691,"seo":15692,"stem":15693,"__hash__":15694},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13523,"toc":15661},[13524,13529,13534,13544,13546,13635,13639,13680,13685,13692,13710,13719,13721,13742,13745,13757,13759,13838,13842,13883,13885,13888,14016,14020,14100,14103,14121,14124,14128,14134,14136,14147,14149,14343,14347,14453,14456,14474,14477,14484,14489,14493,14507,14509,14636,14640,14720,14733,14739,14742,14750,14754,14880,14884,14958,14963,15094,15098,15172,15175,15189,15193,15197,15211,15213,15349,15353,15422,15424,15428,15450,15453,15560,15563,15574,15581,15583,15589,15592,15599,15602,15609,15617,15621,15624,15626,15658],[10,13525,12007,13527,12011],{"id":13526},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,13528,13468],{},[20,13530,13531,13533],{},[15,13532,13126],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,13535,13536,13537,13539,13540,13543],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,13538,13468],{}," makes a ",[42,13541,13542],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[55,13545,58],{"id":57},[60,13547,13549],{"className":62,"code":13548,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,13550,13551,13589,13606,13610,13621],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,13552,13553,13556,13558,13560,13562,13564,13566,13568,13570,13573,13575,13577,13579,13581,13583,13585,13587],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,13554,13555],{"class":75},"student ",[69,13557,80],{"class":79},[69,13559,11177],{"class":83},[69,13561,871],{"class":699},[69,13563,8356],{"class":703},[69,13565,871],{"class":699},[69,13567,143],{"class":83},[69,13569,881],{"class":699},[69,13571,13572],{"class":703},"Ana",[69,13574,871],{"class":699},[69,13576,91],{"class":83},[69,13578,881],{"class":699},[69,13580,9985],{"class":703},[69,13582,871],{"class":699},[69,13584,143],{"class":83},[69,13586,454],{"class":87},[69,13588,9994],{"class":83},[69,13590,13591,13594,13596,13599,13601,13604],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,13592,13593],{"class":75},"student_copy ",[69,13595,80],{"class":79},[69,13597,13598],{"class":75}," student",[69,13600,537],{"class":83},[69,13602,13603],{"class":146},"copy",[69,13605,9329],{"class":83},[69,13607,13608],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,13609,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,13611,13612,13614,13616,13619],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,13613,172],{"class":128},[69,13615,132],{"class":83},[69,13617,13618],{"class":146},"student_copy",[69,13620,166],{"class":83},[69,13622,13623,13625,13627,13629,13631,13633],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,13624,172],{"class":128},[69,13626,132],{"class":83},[69,13628,13593],{"class":146},[69,13630,12885],{"class":1053},[69,13632,13598],{"class":146},[69,13634,166],{"class":83},[20,13636,13637],{},[42,13638,321],{},[60,13640,13642],{"className":62,"code":13641,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13643,13644,13676],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,13645,13646,13648,13650,13652,13654,13656,13658,13660,13662,13664,13666,13668,13670,13672,13674],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,13647,9964],{"class":83},[69,13649,706],{"class":699},[69,13651,8356],{"class":703},[69,13653,706],{"class":699},[69,13655,143],{"class":83},[69,13657,700],{"class":699},[69,13659,13572],{"class":703},[69,13661,706],{"class":699},[69,13663,91],{"class":83},[69,13665,700],{"class":699},[69,13667,9985],{"class":703},[69,13669,706],{"class":699},[69,13671,143],{"class":83},[69,13673,454],{"class":87},[69,13675,9994],{"class":83},[69,13677,13678],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,13679,4746],{"class":1203},[20,13681,1378,13682,13684],{},[15,13683,13468],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[55,13686,13688,13689,13691],{"id":13687},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13690,13468],{}," method does",[29,13693,13694,13699,13702,13707],{},[32,13695,13696,13698],{},[15,13697,13126],{}," returns a new dictionary",[32,13700,13701],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[32,13703,13704,13705],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13706,13468],{},[32,13708,13709],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13711,13712,13713,394,13716,537],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[533,13714,9842],{"href":13715},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[533,13717,10077],{"href":13718},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[55,13720,2888],{"id":2887},[60,13722,13724],{"className":62,"code":13723,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13725,13726],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,13727,13728,13731,13733,13736,13738,13740],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,13729,13730],{"class":75},"new_dict ",[69,13732,80],{"class":79},[69,13734,13735],{"class":75}," old_dict",[69,13737,537],{"class":83},[69,13739,13603],{"class":146},[69,13741,9329],{"class":83},[20,13743,13744],{},"Key points:",[29,13746,13747,13751,13754],{},[32,13748,13749,12155],{},[15,13750,13468],{},[32,13752,13753],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[32,13755,13756],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13758,234],{},[60,13760,13762],{"className":62,"code":13761,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13763,13764,13807,13823,13827],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,13765,13766,13769,13771,13773,13775,13777,13779,13781,13783,13786,13788,13790,13792,13794,13796,13798,13800,13803,13805],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,13767,13768],{"class":75},"colors ",[69,13770,80],{"class":79},[69,13772,11177],{"class":83},[69,13774,871],{"class":699},[69,13776,533],{"class":703},[69,13778,871],{"class":699},[69,13780,143],{"class":83},[69,13782,881],{"class":699},[69,13784,13785],{"class":703},"red",[69,13787,871],{"class":699},[69,13789,91],{"class":83},[69,13791,881],{"class":699},[69,13793,5465],{"class":703},[69,13795,871],{"class":699},[69,13797,143],{"class":83},[69,13799,881],{"class":699},[69,13801,13802],{"class":703},"blue",[69,13804,871],{"class":699},[69,13806,9994],{"class":83},[69,13808,13809,13812,13814,13817,13819,13821],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,13810,13811],{"class":75},"new_colors ",[69,13813,80],{"class":79},[69,13815,13816],{"class":75}," colors",[69,13818,537],{"class":83},[69,13820,13603],{"class":146},[69,13822,9329],{"class":83},[69,13824,13825],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,13826,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,13828,13829,13831,13833,13836],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,13830,172],{"class":128},[69,13832,132],{"class":83},[69,13834,13835],{"class":146},"new_colors",[69,13837,166],{"class":83},[20,13839,13840],{},[42,13841,321],{},[60,13843,13845],{"className":62,"code":13844,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13846,13847],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,13848,13849,13851,13853,13855,13857,13859,13861,13863,13865,13867,13869,13871,13873,13875,13877,13879,13881],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,13850,9964],{"class":83},[69,13852,706],{"class":699},[69,13854,533],{"class":703},[69,13856,706],{"class":699},[69,13858,143],{"class":83},[69,13860,700],{"class":699},[69,13862,13785],{"class":703},[69,13864,706],{"class":699},[69,13866,91],{"class":83},[69,13868,700],{"class":699},[69,13870,5465],{"class":703},[69,13872,706],{"class":699},[69,13874,143],{"class":83},[69,13876,700],{"class":699},[69,13878,13802],{"class":703},[69,13880,706],{"class":699},[69,13882,9994],{"class":83},[55,13884,12165],{"id":12164},[20,13886,13887],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[60,13889,13891],{"className":62,"code":13890,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13892,13893,13931,13947,13951,13973,13977,13996],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,13894,13895,13898,13900,13902,13904,13906,13908,13910,13912,13915,13917,13919,13921,13923,13925,13927,13929],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,13896,13897],{"class":75},"person ",[69,13899,80],{"class":79},[69,13901,11177],{"class":83},[69,13903,871],{"class":699},[69,13905,8356],{"class":703},[69,13907,871],{"class":699},[69,13909,143],{"class":83},[69,13911,881],{"class":699},[69,13913,13914],{"class":703},"Liam",[69,13916,871],{"class":699},[69,13918,91],{"class":83},[69,13920,881],{"class":699},[69,13922,9985],{"class":703},[69,13924,871],{"class":699},[69,13926,143],{"class":83},[69,13928,459],{"class":87},[69,13930,9994],{"class":83},[69,13932,13933,13936,13938,13941,13943,13945],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,13934,13935],{"class":75},"person_copy ",[69,13937,80],{"class":79},[69,13939,13940],{"class":75}," person",[69,13942,537],{"class":83},[69,13944,13603],{"class":146},[69,13946,9329],{"class":83},[69,13948,13949],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,13950,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,13952,13953,13956,13958,13960,13962,13964,13967,13970],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,13954,13955],{"class":75},"person_copy",[69,13957,331],{"class":83},[69,13959,871],{"class":699},[69,13961,9985],{"class":703},[69,13963,871],{"class":699},[69,13965,13966],{"class":83},"]",[69,13968,13969],{"class":79}," =",[69,13971,13972],{"class":87}," 26\n",[69,13974,13975],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,13976,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,13978,13979,13981,13983,13985,13988,13990,13992,13994],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,13980,172],{"class":128},[69,13982,132],{"class":83},[69,13984,871],{"class":699},[69,13986,13987],{"class":703},"Original:",[69,13989,871],{"class":699},[69,13991,91],{"class":83},[69,13993,13940],{"class":146},[69,13995,166],{"class":83},[69,13997,13998,14000,14002,14004,14007,14009,14011,14014],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,13999,172],{"class":128},[69,14001,132],{"class":83},[69,14003,871],{"class":699},[69,14005,14006],{"class":703},"Copy:",[69,14008,871],{"class":699},[69,14010,91],{"class":83},[69,14012,14013],{"class":146}," person_copy",[69,14015,166],{"class":83},[20,14017,14018],{},[42,14019,321],{},[60,14021,14023],{"className":62,"code":14022,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,14024,14025,14062],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,14026,14027,14030,14032,14034,14036,14038,14040,14042,14044,14046,14048,14050,14052,14054,14056,14058,14060],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,14028,14029],{"class":75},"Original",[69,14031,143],{"class":83},[69,14033,11177],{"class":83},[69,14035,706],{"class":699},[69,14037,8356],{"class":703},[69,14039,706],{"class":699},[69,14041,143],{"class":83},[69,14043,700],{"class":699},[69,14045,13914],{"class":703},[69,14047,706],{"class":699},[69,14049,91],{"class":83},[69,14051,700],{"class":699},[69,14053,9985],{"class":703},[69,14055,706],{"class":699},[69,14057,143],{"class":83},[69,14059,459],{"class":87},[69,14061,9994],{"class":83},[69,14063,14064,14067,14069,14071,14073,14075,14077,14079,14081,14083,14085,14087,14089,14091,14093,14095,14098],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,14065,14066],{"class":75},"Copy",[69,14068,143],{"class":83},[69,14070,11177],{"class":83},[69,14072,706],{"class":699},[69,14074,8356],{"class":703},[69,14076,706],{"class":699},[69,14078,143],{"class":83},[69,14080,700],{"class":699},[69,14082,13914],{"class":703},[69,14084,706],{"class":699},[69,14086,91],{"class":83},[69,14088,700],{"class":699},[69,14090,9985],{"class":703},[69,14092,706],{"class":699},[69,14094,143],{"class":83},[69,14096,14097],{"class":87}," 26",[69,14099,9994],{"class":83},[20,14101,14102],{},"What happened here:",[29,14104,14105,14111,14118],{},[32,14106,14107,14110],{},[15,14108,14109],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[32,14112,14113,14114,14117],{},"Changing ",[15,14115,14116],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[32,14119,14120],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,14122,14123],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[55,14125,14127],{"id":14126},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,14129,14130,13539,14132,537],{},[15,14131,13468],{},[42,14133,13542],{},[20,14135,213],{},[29,14137,14138,14141,14144],{},[32,14139,14140],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[32,14142,14143],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[32,14145,14146],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,14148,234],{},[60,14150,14152],{"className":62,"code":14151,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,14153,14154,14162,14180,14203,14207,14211,14225,14229,14253,14257,14275,14294,14309],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,14155,14156,14158,14160],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,14157,13555],{"class":75},[69,14159,80],{"class":79},[69,14161,12183],{"class":83},[69,14163,14164,14166,14168,14170,14172,14174,14176,14178],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,14165,12188],{"class":699},[69,14167,8356],{"class":703},[69,14169,871],{"class":699},[69,14171,143],{"class":83},[69,14173,881],{"class":699},[69,14175,13572],{"class":703},[69,14177,871],{"class":699},[69,14179,12204],{"class":83},[69,14181,14182,14184,14187,14189,14191,14193,14196,14198,14201],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,14183,12188],{"class":699},[69,14185,14186],{"class":703},"grades",[69,14188,871],{"class":699},[69,14190,143],{"class":83},[69,14192,84],{"class":83},[69,14194,14195],{"class":87},"90",[69,14197,91],{"class":83},[69,14199,14200],{"class":87}," 85",[69,14202,117],{"class":83},[69,14204,14205],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,14206,9994],{"class":83},[69,14208,14209],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,14210,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,14212,14213,14215,14217,14219,14221,14223],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,14214,13593],{"class":75},[69,14216,80],{"class":79},[69,14218,13598],{"class":75},[69,14220,537],{"class":83},[69,14222,13603],{"class":146},[69,14224,9329],{"class":83},[69,14226,14227],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,14228,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,14230,14231,14233,14235,14237,14239,14241,14244,14246,14248,14251],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,14232,13618],{"class":75},[69,14234,331],{"class":83},[69,14236,871],{"class":699},[69,14238,14186],{"class":703},[69,14240,871],{"class":699},[69,14242,14243],{"class":83},"].",[69,14245,1606],{"class":146},[69,14247,132],{"class":83},[69,14249,14250],{"class":87},"100",[69,14252,166],{"class":83},[69,14254,14255],{"class":71,"line":7120},[69,14256,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,14258,14259,14261,14263,14265,14267,14269,14271,14273],{"class":71,"line":7125},[69,14260,172],{"class":128},[69,14262,132],{"class":83},[69,14264,871],{"class":699},[69,14266,13987],{"class":703},[69,14268,871],{"class":699},[69,14270,91],{"class":83},[69,14272,13598],{"class":146},[69,14274,166],{"class":83},[69,14276,14277,14279,14281,14283,14285,14287,14289,14292],{"class":71,"line":12285},[69,14278,172],{"class":128},[69,14280,132],{"class":83},[69,14282,871],{"class":699},[69,14284,14006],{"class":703},[69,14286,871],{"class":699},[69,14288,91],{"class":83},[69,14290,14291],{"class":146}," student_copy",[69,14293,166],{"class":83},[69,14295,14297,14299,14301,14303,14305,14307],{"class":71,"line":14296},12,[69,14298,172],{"class":128},[69,14300,132],{"class":83},[69,14302,13555],{"class":146},[69,14304,12885],{"class":1053},[69,14306,14291],{"class":146},[69,14308,166],{"class":83},[69,14310,14312,14314,14316,14319,14321,14323,14325,14327,14329,14331,14333,14335,14337,14339,14341],{"class":71,"line":14311},13,[69,14313,172],{"class":128},[69,14315,132],{"class":83},[69,14317,14318],{"class":146},"student",[69,14320,331],{"class":83},[69,14322,871],{"class":699},[69,14324,14186],{"class":703},[69,14326,871],{"class":699},[69,14328,13966],{"class":83},[69,14330,8783],{"class":1053},[69,14332,14291],{"class":146},[69,14334,331],{"class":83},[69,14336,871],{"class":699},[69,14338,14186],{"class":703},[69,14340,871],{"class":699},[69,14342,618],{"class":83},[20,14344,14345],{},[42,14346,321],{},[60,14348,14350],{"className":62,"code":14349,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,14351,14352,14399,14445,14449],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,14353,14354,14356,14358,14360,14362,14364,14366,14368,14370,14372,14374,14376,14378,14380,14382,14384,14386,14388,14390,14392,14394,14396],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,14355,14029],{"class":75},[69,14357,143],{"class":83},[69,14359,11177],{"class":83},[69,14361,706],{"class":699},[69,14363,8356],{"class":703},[69,14365,706],{"class":699},[69,14367,143],{"class":83},[69,14369,700],{"class":699},[69,14371,13572],{"class":703},[69,14373,706],{"class":699},[69,14375,91],{"class":83},[69,14377,700],{"class":699},[69,14379,14186],{"class":703},[69,14381,706],{"class":699},[69,14383,143],{"class":83},[69,14385,84],{"class":83},[69,14387,14195],{"class":87},[69,14389,91],{"class":83},[69,14391,14200],{"class":87},[69,14393,91],{"class":83},[69,14395,10804],{"class":87},[69,14397,14398],{"class":83},"]}\n",[69,14400,14401,14403,14405,14407,14409,14411,14413,14415,14417,14419,14421,14423,14425,14427,14429,14431,14433,14435,14437,14439,14441,14443],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,14402,14066],{"class":75},[69,14404,143],{"class":83},[69,14406,11177],{"class":83},[69,14408,706],{"class":699},[69,14410,8356],{"class":703},[69,14412,706],{"class":699},[69,14414,143],{"class":83},[69,14416,700],{"class":699},[69,14418,13572],{"class":703},[69,14420,706],{"class":699},[69,14422,91],{"class":83},[69,14424,700],{"class":699},[69,14426,14186],{"class":703},[69,14428,706],{"class":699},[69,14430,143],{"class":83},[69,14432,84],{"class":83},[69,14434,14195],{"class":87},[69,14436,91],{"class":83},[69,14438,14200],{"class":87},[69,14440,91],{"class":83},[69,14442,10804],{"class":87},[69,14444,14398],{"class":83},[69,14446,14447],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,14448,4746],{"class":1203},[69,14450,14451],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,14452,4685],{"class":1203},[20,14454,14455],{},"Notice the difference:",[29,14457,14458,14466],{},[32,14459,14460,5488,14463,14465],{},[15,14461,14462],{},"student is student_copy",[15,14464,230],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[32,14467,14468,5488,14471,14473],{},[15,14469,14470],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,14472,224],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,14475,14476],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,14478,14479,14480,537],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[533,14481,14483],{"href":14482},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[55,14485,1373,14487],{"id":14486},"when-to-use-copy",[15,14488,13468],{},[20,14490,1378,14491,11288],{},[15,14492,13468],{},[29,14494,14495,14498,14501,14504],{},[32,14496,14497],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[32,14499,14500],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[32,14502,14503],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[32,14505,14506],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,14508,234],{},[60,14510,14512],{"className":62,"code":14511,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,14513,14514,14553,14569,14573,14593,14597,14616],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,14515,14516,14519,14521,14523,14525,14527,14529,14531,14533,14535,14537,14539,14541,14544,14546,14548,14551],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,14517,14518],{"class":75},"settings ",[69,14520,80],{"class":79},[69,14522,11177],{"class":83},[69,14524,871],{"class":699},[69,14526,13186],{"class":703},[69,14528,871],{"class":699},[69,14530,143],{"class":83},[69,14532,881],{"class":699},[69,14534,13195],{"class":703},[69,14536,871],{"class":699},[69,14538,91],{"class":83},[69,14540,881],{"class":699},[69,14542,14543],{"class":703},"font_size",[69,14545,871],{"class":699},[69,14547,143],{"class":83},[69,14549,14550],{"class":87}," 14",[69,14552,9994],{"class":83},[69,14554,14555,14558,14560,14563,14565,14567],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,14556,14557],{"class":75},"settings_backup ",[69,14559,80],{"class":79},[69,14561,14562],{"class":75}," settings",[69,14564,537],{"class":83},[69,14566,13603],{"class":146},[69,14568,9329],{"class":83},[69,14570,14571],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,14572,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,14574,14575,14578,14580,14582,14584,14586,14588,14590],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,14576,14577],{"class":75},"settings",[69,14579,331],{"class":83},[69,14581,871],{"class":699},[69,14583,14543],{"class":703},[69,14585,871],{"class":699},[69,14587,13966],{"class":83},[69,14589,13969],{"class":79},[69,14591,14592],{"class":87}," 16\n",[69,14594,14595],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,14596,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,14598,14599,14601,14603,14605,14608,14610,14612,14614],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,14600,172],{"class":128},[69,14602,132],{"class":83},[69,14604,871],{"class":699},[69,14606,14607],{"class":703},"Current:",[69,14609,871],{"class":699},[69,14611,91],{"class":83},[69,14613,14562],{"class":146},[69,14615,166],{"class":83},[69,14617,14618,14620,14622,14624,14627,14629,14631,14634],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,14619,172],{"class":128},[69,14621,132],{"class":83},[69,14623,871],{"class":699},[69,14625,14626],{"class":703},"Backup:",[69,14628,871],{"class":699},[69,14630,91],{"class":83},[69,14632,14633],{"class":146}," settings_backup",[69,14635,166],{"class":83},[20,14637,14638],{},[42,14639,321],{},[60,14641,14643],{"className":62,"code":14642,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14644,14645,14683],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,14646,14647,14650,14652,14654,14656,14658,14660,14662,14664,14666,14668,14670,14672,14674,14676,14678,14681],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,14648,14649],{"class":75},"Current",[69,14651,143],{"class":83},[69,14653,11177],{"class":83},[69,14655,706],{"class":699},[69,14657,13186],{"class":703},[69,14659,706],{"class":699},[69,14661,143],{"class":83},[69,14663,700],{"class":699},[69,14665,13195],{"class":703},[69,14667,706],{"class":699},[69,14669,91],{"class":83},[69,14671,700],{"class":699},[69,14673,14543],{"class":703},[69,14675,706],{"class":699},[69,14677,143],{"class":83},[69,14679,14680],{"class":87}," 16",[69,14682,9994],{"class":83},[69,14684,14685,14688,14690,14692,14694,14696,14698,14700,14702,14704,14706,14708,14710,14712,14714,14716,14718],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,14686,14687],{"class":75},"Backup",[69,14689,143],{"class":83},[69,14691,11177],{"class":83},[69,14693,706],{"class":699},[69,14695,13186],{"class":703},[69,14697,706],{"class":699},[69,14699,143],{"class":83},[69,14701,700],{"class":699},[69,14703,13195],{"class":703},[69,14705,706],{"class":699},[69,14707,91],{"class":83},[69,14709,700],{"class":699},[69,14711,14543],{"class":703},[69,14713,706],{"class":699},[69,14715,143],{"class":83},[69,14717,14550],{"class":87},[69,14719,9994],{"class":83},[20,14721,14722,14723,394,14729,537],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[533,14724,14726],{"href":14725},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14727,14728],{},"dict.update()",[533,14730,14731],{"href":13515},[15,14732,12016],{},[55,14734,14736,14738],{"id":14735},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14737,13468],{}," vs assignment",[20,14740,14741],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14743,840,14744,14746,14747,14749],{},[15,14745,80],{}," does ",[42,14748,5334],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[377,14751,14753],{"id":14752},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[60,14755,14757],{"className":62,"code":14756,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14758,14759,14791,14800,14804,14824,14828,14846,14866],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,14760,14761,14763,14765,14767,14769,14771,14773,14775,14777,14779,14781,14783,14785,14787,14789],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,14762,12777],{"class":75},[69,14764,80],{"class":79},[69,14766,11177],{"class":83},[69,14768,871],{"class":699},[69,14770,2904],{"class":703},[69,14772,871],{"class":699},[69,14774,143],{"class":83},[69,14776,1263],{"class":87},[69,14778,91],{"class":83},[69,14780,881],{"class":699},[69,14782,12436],{"class":703},[69,14784,871],{"class":699},[69,14786,143],{"class":83},[69,14788,94],{"class":87},[69,14790,9994],{"class":83},[69,14792,14793,14796,14798],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,14794,14795],{"class":75},"assigned ",[69,14797,80],{"class":79},[69,14799,12815],{"class":75},[69,14801,14802],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,14803,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,14805,14806,14809,14811,14813,14815,14817,14819,14821],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,14807,14808],{"class":75},"assigned",[69,14810,331],{"class":83},[69,14812,871],{"class":699},[69,14814,2904],{"class":703},[69,14816,871],{"class":699},[69,14818,13966],{"class":83},[69,14820,13969],{"class":79},[69,14822,14823],{"class":87}," 99\n",[69,14825,14826],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,14827,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,14829,14830,14832,14834,14836,14838,14840,14842,14844],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,14831,172],{"class":128},[69,14833,132],{"class":83},[69,14835,871],{"class":699},[69,14837,13987],{"class":703},[69,14839,871],{"class":699},[69,14841,91],{"class":83},[69,14843,12852],{"class":146},[69,14845,166],{"class":83},[69,14847,14848,14850,14852,14854,14857,14859,14861,14864],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,14849,172],{"class":128},[69,14851,132],{"class":83},[69,14853,871],{"class":699},[69,14855,14856],{"class":703},"Assigned:",[69,14858,871],{"class":699},[69,14860,91],{"class":83},[69,14862,14863],{"class":146}," assigned",[69,14865,166],{"class":83},[69,14867,14868,14870,14872,14874,14876,14878],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,14869,172],{"class":128},[69,14871,132],{"class":83},[69,14873,12777],{"class":146},[69,14875,12885],{"class":1053},[69,14877,14863],{"class":146},[69,14879,166],{"class":83},[20,14881,14882],{},[42,14883,321],{},[60,14885,14887],{"className":62,"code":14886,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14888,14889,14921,14954],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,14890,14891,14893,14895,14897,14899,14901,14903,14905,14907,14909,14911,14913,14915,14917,14919],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,14892,14029],{"class":75},[69,14894,143],{"class":83},[69,14896,11177],{"class":83},[69,14898,706],{"class":699},[69,14900,2904],{"class":703},[69,14902,706],{"class":699},[69,14904,143],{"class":83},[69,14906,10883],{"class":87},[69,14908,91],{"class":83},[69,14910,700],{"class":699},[69,14912,12436],{"class":703},[69,14914,706],{"class":699},[69,14916,143],{"class":83},[69,14918,94],{"class":87},[69,14920,9994],{"class":83},[69,14922,14923,14926,14928,14930,14932,14934,14936,14938,14940,14942,14944,14946,14948,14950,14952],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,14924,14925],{"class":75},"Assigned",[69,14927,143],{"class":83},[69,14929,11177],{"class":83},[69,14931,706],{"class":699},[69,14933,2904],{"class":703},[69,14935,706],{"class":699},[69,14937,143],{"class":83},[69,14939,10883],{"class":87},[69,14941,91],{"class":83},[69,14943,700],{"class":699},[69,14945,12436],{"class":703},[69,14947,706],{"class":699},[69,14949,143],{"class":83},[69,14951,94],{"class":87},[69,14953,9994],{"class":83},[69,14955,14956],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,14957,4685],{"class":1203},[377,14959,840,14961],{"id":14960},"using-copy",[15,14962,13468],{},[60,14964,14966],{"className":62,"code":14965,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14967,14968,15000,15015,15019,15038,15042,15060,15080],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,14969,14970,14972,14974,14976,14978,14980,14982,14984,14986,14988,14990,14992,14994,14996,14998],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,14971,12777],{"class":75},[69,14973,80],{"class":79},[69,14975,11177],{"class":83},[69,14977,871],{"class":699},[69,14979,2904],{"class":703},[69,14981,871],{"class":699},[69,14983,143],{"class":83},[69,14985,1263],{"class":87},[69,14987,91],{"class":83},[69,14989,881],{"class":699},[69,14991,12436],{"class":703},[69,14993,871],{"class":699},[69,14995,143],{"class":83},[69,14997,94],{"class":87},[69,14999,9994],{"class":83},[69,15001,15002,15005,15007,15009,15011,15013],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,15003,15004],{"class":75},"copied ",[69,15006,80],{"class":79},[69,15008,12852],{"class":75},[69,15010,537],{"class":83},[69,15012,13603],{"class":146},[69,15014,9329],{"class":83},[69,15016,15017],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,15018,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,15020,15021,15024,15026,15028,15030,15032,15034,15036],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,15022,15023],{"class":75},"copied",[69,15025,331],{"class":83},[69,15027,871],{"class":699},[69,15029,2904],{"class":703},[69,15031,871],{"class":699},[69,15033,13966],{"class":83},[69,15035,13969],{"class":79},[69,15037,14823],{"class":87},[69,15039,15040],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,15041,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,15043,15044,15046,15048,15050,15052,15054,15056,15058],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,15045,172],{"class":128},[69,15047,132],{"class":83},[69,15049,871],{"class":699},[69,15051,13987],{"class":703},[69,15053,871],{"class":699},[69,15055,91],{"class":83},[69,15057,12852],{"class":146},[69,15059,166],{"class":83},[69,15061,15062,15064,15066,15068,15071,15073,15075,15078],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,15063,172],{"class":128},[69,15065,132],{"class":83},[69,15067,871],{"class":699},[69,15069,15070],{"class":703},"Copied:",[69,15072,871],{"class":699},[69,15074,91],{"class":83},[69,15076,15077],{"class":146}," copied",[69,15079,166],{"class":83},[69,15081,15082,15084,15086,15088,15090,15092],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,15083,172],{"class":128},[69,15085,132],{"class":83},[69,15087,12777],{"class":146},[69,15089,12885],{"class":1053},[69,15091,15077],{"class":146},[69,15093,166],{"class":83},[20,15095,15096],{},[42,15097,321],{},[60,15099,15101],{"className":62,"code":15100,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,15102,15103,15135,15168],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,15104,15105,15107,15109,15111,15113,15115,15117,15119,15121,15123,15125,15127,15129,15131,15133],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,15106,14029],{"class":75},[69,15108,143],{"class":83},[69,15110,11177],{"class":83},[69,15112,706],{"class":699},[69,15114,2904],{"class":703},[69,15116,706],{"class":699},[69,15118,143],{"class":83},[69,15120,1263],{"class":87},[69,15122,91],{"class":83},[69,15124,700],{"class":699},[69,15126,12436],{"class":703},[69,15128,706],{"class":699},[69,15130,143],{"class":83},[69,15132,94],{"class":87},[69,15134,9994],{"class":83},[69,15136,15137,15140,15142,15144,15146,15148,15150,15152,15154,15156,15158,15160,15162,15164,15166],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,15138,15139],{"class":75},"Copied",[69,15141,143],{"class":83},[69,15143,11177],{"class":83},[69,15145,706],{"class":699},[69,15147,2904],{"class":703},[69,15149,706],{"class":699},[69,15151,143],{"class":83},[69,15153,10883],{"class":87},[69,15155,91],{"class":83},[69,15157,700],{"class":699},[69,15159,12436],{"class":703},[69,15161,706],{"class":699},[69,15163,143],{"class":83},[69,15165,94],{"class":87},[69,15167,9994],{"class":83},[69,15169,15170],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,15171,4746],{"class":1203},[20,15173,15174],{},"Summary:",[29,15176,15177,15183],{},[32,15178,15179,15182],{},[15,15180,15181],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[32,15184,15185,15188],{},[15,15186,15187],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[55,15190,15192],{"id":15191},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,15194,15195,143],{},[15,15196,13468],{},[29,15198,15199,15202,15205,15208],{},[32,15200,15201],{},"Returns a dictionary",[32,15203,15204],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[32,15206,15207],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[32,15209,15210],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,15212,234],{},[60,15214,15216],{"className":62,"code":15215,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,15217,15218,15250,15266,15270,15288,15308,15312,15330],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,15219,15220,15222,15224,15226,15228,15230,15232,15234,15236,15238,15240,15242,15244,15246,15248],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,15221,9852],{"class":75},[69,15223,80],{"class":79},[69,15225,11177],{"class":83},[69,15227,871],{"class":699},[69,15229,533],{"class":703},[69,15231,871],{"class":699},[69,15233,143],{"class":83},[69,15235,1263],{"class":87},[69,15237,91],{"class":83},[69,15239,881],{"class":699},[69,15241,5465],{"class":703},[69,15243,871],{"class":699},[69,15245,143],{"class":83},[69,15247,94],{"class":87},[69,15249,9994],{"class":83},[69,15251,15252,15255,15257,15260,15262,15264],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,15253,15254],{"class":75},"data_copy ",[69,15256,80],{"class":79},[69,15258,15259],{"class":75}," data",[69,15261,537],{"class":83},[69,15263,13603],{"class":146},[69,15265,9329],{"class":83},[69,15267,15268],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,15269,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,15271,15272,15274,15276,15278,15280,15282,15284,15286],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,15273,9891],{"class":75},[69,15275,331],{"class":83},[69,15277,871],{"class":699},[69,15279,533],{"class":703},[69,15281,871],{"class":699},[69,15283,13966],{"class":83},[69,15285,13969],{"class":79},[69,15287,3313],{"class":87},[69,15289,15290,15293,15295,15297,15299,15301,15303,15305],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,15291,15292],{"class":75},"data_copy",[69,15294,331],{"class":83},[69,15296,871],{"class":699},[69,15298,5465],{"class":703},[69,15300,871],{"class":699},[69,15302,13966],{"class":83},[69,15304,13969],{"class":79},[69,15306,15307],{"class":87}," 20\n",[69,15309,15310],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,15311,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,15313,15314,15316,15318,15320,15322,15324,15326,15328],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,15315,172],{"class":128},[69,15317,132],{"class":83},[69,15319,871],{"class":699},[69,15321,13987],{"class":703},[69,15323,871],{"class":699},[69,15325,91],{"class":83},[69,15327,15259],{"class":146},[69,15329,166],{"class":83},[69,15331,15332,15334,15336,15338,15340,15342,15344,15347],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,15333,172],{"class":128},[69,15335,132],{"class":83},[69,15337,871],{"class":699},[69,15339,14006],{"class":703},[69,15341,871],{"class":699},[69,15343,91],{"class":83},[69,15345,15346],{"class":146}," data_copy",[69,15348,166],{"class":83},[20,15350,15351],{},[42,15352,321],{},[60,15354,15356],{"className":62,"code":15355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,15357,15358,15390],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,15359,15360,15362,15364,15366,15368,15370,15372,15374,15376,15378,15380,15382,15384,15386,15388],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,15361,14029],{"class":75},[69,15363,143],{"class":83},[69,15365,11177],{"class":83},[69,15367,706],{"class":699},[69,15369,533],{"class":703},[69,15371,706],{"class":699},[69,15373,143],{"class":83},[69,15375,6701],{"class":87},[69,15377,91],{"class":83},[69,15379,700],{"class":699},[69,15381,5465],{"class":703},[69,15383,706],{"class":699},[69,15385,143],{"class":83},[69,15387,94],{"class":87},[69,15389,9994],{"class":83},[69,15391,15392,15394,15396,15398,15400,15402,15404,15406,15408,15410,15412,15414,15416,15418,15420],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,15393,14066],{"class":75},[69,15395,143],{"class":83},[69,15397,11177],{"class":83},[69,15399,706],{"class":699},[69,15401,533],{"class":703},[69,15403,706],{"class":699},[69,15405,143],{"class":83},[69,15407,1263],{"class":87},[69,15409,91],{"class":83},[69,15411,700],{"class":699},[69,15413,5465],{"class":703},[69,15415,706],{"class":699},[69,15417,143],{"class":83},[69,15419,454],{"class":87},[69,15421,9994],{"class":83},[55,15423,1771],{"id":1770},[20,15425,1774,15426,143],{},[15,15427,13126],{},[29,15429,15430,15437,15442,15447],{},[32,15431,840,15432,11780,15434,15436],{},[15,15433,80],{},[15,15435,13468],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[32,15438,5283,15439,15441],{},[15,15440,13468],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[32,15443,15444,15445],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,15446,13468],{},[32,15448,15449],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,15451,15452],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[60,15454,15456],{"className":62,"code":15455,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,15457,15458,15468,15478,15492,15515,15538],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,15459,15460,15462,15464,15466],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,15461,172],{"class":128},[69,15463,132],{"class":83},[69,15465,12824],{"class":146},[69,15467,166],{"class":83},[69,15469,15470,15472,15474,15476],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,15471,172],{"class":128},[69,15473,132],{"class":83},[69,15475,15023],{"class":146},[69,15477,166],{"class":83},[69,15479,15480,15482,15484,15486,15488,15490],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,15481,172],{"class":128},[69,15483,132],{"class":83},[69,15485,12777],{"class":146},[69,15487,12885],{"class":1053},[69,15489,15077],{"class":146},[69,15491,166],{"class":83},[69,15493,15494,15496,15498,15500,15502,15504,15506,15509,15511,15513],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,15495,172],{"class":128},[69,15497,132],{"class":83},[69,15499,13341],{"class":128},[69,15501,132],{"class":83},[69,15503,12824],{"class":146},[69,15505,9920],{"class":83},[69,15507,15508],{"class":128}," id",[69,15510,132],{"class":83},[69,15512,15023],{"class":146},[69,15514,318],{"class":83},[69,15516,15517,15519,15521,15523,15525,15527,15529,15531,15534,15536],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,15518,172],{"class":128},[69,15520,132],{"class":83},[69,15522,13341],{"class":128},[69,15524,132],{"class":83},[69,15526,12824],{"class":146},[69,15528,331],{"class":83},[69,15530,871],{"class":699},[69,15532,15533],{"class":703},"key",[69,15535,871],{"class":699},[69,15537,2201],{"class":83},[69,15539,15540,15542,15544,15546,15548,15550,15552,15554,15556,15558],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,15541,172],{"class":128},[69,15543,132],{"class":83},[69,15545,13341],{"class":128},[69,15547,132],{"class":83},[69,15549,15023],{"class":146},[69,15551,331],{"class":83},[69,15553,871],{"class":699},[69,15555,15533],{"class":703},[69,15557,871],{"class":699},[69,15559,2201],{"class":83},[20,15561,15562],{},"What these help you check:",[29,15564,15565,15568,15571],{},[32,15566,15567],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[32,15569,15570],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[32,15572,15573],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,15575,15576,15577,537],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[533,15578,15580],{"href":15579},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[55,15582,2519],{"id":2518},[377,15584,2523,15586,15588],{"id":15585},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,15587,13126],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,15590,15591],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[377,15593,15595,15596,15598],{"id":15594},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,15597,13126],{}," a deep copy?",[20,15600,15601],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[377,15603,5881,15605,5096,15607,3218],{"id":15604},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15606,13468],{},[15,15608,80],{},[20,15610,15611,15613,15614,15616],{},[15,15612,13468],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15615,80],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[377,15618,15620],{"id":15619},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15622,15623],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[55,15625,2620],{"id":2619},[29,15627,15628,15632,15636,15640,15647,15653],{},[32,15629,15630],{},[533,15631,11931],{"href":13718},[32,15633,15634],{},[533,15635,9842],{"href":13715},[32,15637,15638],{},[533,15639,14483],{"href":14482},[32,15641,15642],{},[533,15643,11424,15644,11428],{"href":14725},[15,15645,15646],{},"update()",[32,15648,15649],{},[533,15650,11424,15651,11428],{"href":13515},[15,15652,12010],{},[32,15654,15655],{},[533,15656,15657],{"href":15579},"How to copy a list in Python",[2650,15659,15660],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":15662},[15663,15664,15666,15667,15668,15669,15671,15677,15678,15679,15688],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":13687,"depth":120,"text":15665},"What the copy() method does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":12164,"depth":120,"text":12165},{"id":14126,"depth":120,"text":14127},{"id":14486,"depth":120,"text":15670},"When to use copy()",{"id":14735,"depth":120,"text":15672,"children":15673},"copy() vs assignment",[15674,15675],{"id":14752,"depth":169,"text":14753},{"id":14960,"depth":169,"text":15676},"Using copy()",{"id":15191,"depth":120,"text":15192},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":15680},[15681,15683,15685,15687],{"id":15585,"depth":169,"text":15682},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15594,"depth":169,"text":15684},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15604,"depth":169,"text":15686},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15619,"depth":169,"text":15620},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":13521,"description":15689},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15696,"title":15697,"body":15698,"description":17892,"extension":2697,"meta":17893,"navigation":272,"path":13718,"seo":17894,"stem":17895,"__hash__":17896},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15699,"toc":17854},[15700,15703,15709,15718,15720,15796,15800,15849,15852,15856,15870,15873,15877,15889,15892,15925,15939,15942,15954,15958,15961,15969,16049,16053,16106,16110,16128,16130,16212,16215,16217,16220,16223,16246,16270,16274,16282,16285,16289,16298,16303,16361,16365,16398,16404,16410,16413,16467,16471,16521,16524,16530,16533,16541,16543,16588,16593,16602,16605,16608,16655,16657,16662,16665,16759,16763,16816,16819,16875,16878,16882,16885,16899,16903,16969,16973,16998,17001,17005,17083,17087,17090,17093,17113,17116,17169,17173,17176,17179,17192,17194,17283,17290,17293,17304,17306,17309,17329,17333,17335,17344,17346,17385,17389,17391,17400,17409,17411,17449,17453,17500,17504,17525,17529,17532,17644,17649,17747,17768,17770,17774,17781,17785,17791,17795,17798,17802,17805,17812,17820,17822,17848,17851],[10,15701,15697],{"id":15702},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15704,15705,15706,15708],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[42,15707,9818],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15710,15711,15712,394,15714,537],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[533,15713,9842],{"href":9841},[533,15715,15717],{"href":15716},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[55,15719,58],{"id":57},[60,15721,15723],{"className":62,"code":15722,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15724,15725,15733,15751,15765,15778,15782,15786],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,15726,15727,15729,15731],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,15728,13555],{"class":75},[69,15730,80],{"class":79},[69,15732,12183],{"class":83},[69,15734,15735,15737,15739,15741,15743,15745,15747,15749],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,15736,12188],{"class":699},[69,15738,8356],{"class":703},[69,15740,871],{"class":699},[69,15742,143],{"class":83},[69,15744,881],{"class":699},[69,15746,13572],{"class":703},[69,15748,871],{"class":699},[69,15750,12204],{"class":83},[69,15752,15753,15755,15757,15759,15761,15763],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,15754,12188],{"class":699},[69,15756,9985],{"class":703},[69,15758,871],{"class":699},[69,15760,143],{"class":83},[69,15762,454],{"class":87},[69,15764,12204],{"class":83},[69,15766,15767,15769,15772,15774,15776],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,15768,12188],{"class":699},[69,15770,15771],{"class":703},"is_active",[69,15773,871],{"class":699},[69,15775,143],{"class":83},[69,15777,7112],{"class":1203},[69,15779,15780],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,15781,9994],{"class":83},[69,15783,15784],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,15785,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,15787,15788,15790,15792,15794],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,15789,172],{"class":128},[69,15791,132],{"class":83},[69,15793,14318],{"class":146},[69,15795,166],{"class":83},[20,15797,15798],{},[42,15799,321],{},[60,15801,15803],{"className":62,"code":15802,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15804,15805],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,15806,15807,15809,15811,15813,15815,15817,15819,15821,15823,15825,15827,15829,15831,15833,15835,15837,15839,15841,15843,15845,15847],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,15808,9964],{"class":83},[69,15810,706],{"class":699},[69,15812,8356],{"class":703},[69,15814,706],{"class":699},[69,15816,143],{"class":83},[69,15818,700],{"class":699},[69,15820,13572],{"class":703},[69,15822,706],{"class":699},[69,15824,91],{"class":83},[69,15826,700],{"class":699},[69,15828,9985],{"class":703},[69,15830,706],{"class":699},[69,15832,143],{"class":83},[69,15834,454],{"class":87},[69,15836,91],{"class":83},[69,15838,700],{"class":699},[69,15840,15771],{"class":703},[69,15842,706],{"class":699},[69,15844,143],{"class":83},[69,15846,1287],{"class":1203},[69,15848,9994],{"class":83},[20,15850,15851],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[55,15853,15855],{"id":15854},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[29,15857,15858,15861,15864,15867],{},[32,15859,15860],{},"What a dictionary is",[32,15862,15863],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[32,15865,15866],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[32,15868,15869],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[55,15871,15860],{"id":15872},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15874,9815,15875,537],{},[42,15876,9818],{},[29,15878,15879,15884],{},[32,15880,848,15881,15883],{},[42,15882,15533],{}," is the label",[32,15885,848,15886,15888],{},[42,15887,3198],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15890,15891],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[60,15893,15895],{"className":62,"code":15894,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15896,15897,15905,15921],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,15898,15899,15901,15903],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,15900,13555],{"class":75},[69,15902,80],{"class":79},[69,15904,12183],{"class":83},[69,15906,15907,15909,15911,15913,15915,15917,15919],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,15908,12188],{"class":699},[69,15910,8356],{"class":703},[69,15912,871],{"class":699},[69,15914,143],{"class":83},[69,15916,881],{"class":699},[69,15918,13572],{"class":703},[69,15920,4079],{"class":699},[69,15922,15923],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,15924,9994],{"class":83},[29,15926,15927,15933],{},[32,15928,15929,15932],{},[15,15930,15931],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[32,15934,15935,15938],{},[15,15936,15937],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15940,15941],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[29,15943,15944,15946,15948,15951],{},[32,15945,8356],{},[32,15947,9985],{},[32,15949,15950],{},"email",[32,15952,15953],{},"country",[55,15955,15957],{"id":15956},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15959,15960],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15962,1378,15963,15965,15966,537],{},[15,15964,4505],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15967,15968],{},"key: value",[60,15970,15972],{"className":62,"code":15971,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15973,15974,15982,16000,16014,16031,16035,16039],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,15975,15976,15978,15980],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,15977,13555],{"class":75},[69,15979,80],{"class":79},[69,15981,12183],{"class":83},[69,15983,15984,15986,15988,15990,15992,15994,15996,15998],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,15985,12188],{"class":699},[69,15987,8356],{"class":703},[69,15989,871],{"class":699},[69,15991,143],{"class":83},[69,15993,881],{"class":699},[69,15995,13572],{"class":703},[69,15997,871],{"class":699},[69,15999,12204],{"class":83},[69,16001,16002,16004,16006,16008,16010,16012],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,16003,12188],{"class":699},[69,16005,9985],{"class":703},[69,16007,871],{"class":699},[69,16009,143],{"class":83},[69,16011,454],{"class":87},[69,16013,12204],{"class":83},[69,16015,16016,16018,16021,16023,16025,16027,16029],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,16017,12188],{"class":699},[69,16019,16020],{"class":703},"course",[69,16022,871],{"class":699},[69,16024,143],{"class":83},[69,16026,881],{"class":699},[69,16028,7985],{"class":703},[69,16030,4079],{"class":699},[69,16032,16033],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,16034,9994],{"class":83},[69,16036,16037],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,16038,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,16040,16041,16043,16045,16047],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,16042,172],{"class":128},[69,16044,132],{"class":83},[69,16046,14318],{"class":146},[69,16048,166],{"class":83},[20,16050,16051],{},[42,16052,321],{},[60,16054,16056],{"className":62,"code":16055,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,16057,16058],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16059,16060,16062,16064,16066,16068,16070,16072,16074,16076,16078,16080,16082,16084,16086,16088,16090,16092,16094,16096,16098,16100,16102,16104],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16061,9964],{"class":83},[69,16063,706],{"class":699},[69,16065,8356],{"class":703},[69,16067,706],{"class":699},[69,16069,143],{"class":83},[69,16071,700],{"class":699},[69,16073,13572],{"class":703},[69,16075,706],{"class":699},[69,16077,91],{"class":83},[69,16079,700],{"class":699},[69,16081,9985],{"class":703},[69,16083,706],{"class":699},[69,16085,143],{"class":83},[69,16087,454],{"class":87},[69,16089,91],{"class":83},[69,16091,700],{"class":699},[69,16093,16020],{"class":703},[69,16095,706],{"class":699},[69,16097,143],{"class":83},[69,16099,700],{"class":699},[69,16101,7985],{"class":703},[69,16103,706],{"class":699},[69,16105,9994],{"class":83},[377,16107,16109],{"id":16108},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[29,16111,16112,16117,16122,16125],{},[32,16113,1378,16114,16116],{},[15,16115,4505],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[32,16118,16119,16120],{},"Write each item as ",[15,16121,15968],{},[32,16123,16124],{},"Separate items with commas",[32,16126,16127],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,16129,234],{},[60,16131,16133],{"className":62,"code":16132,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,16134,16135,16144,16164,16180,16193,16197,16201],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16136,16137,16140,16142],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16138,16139],{"class":75},"book ",[69,16141,80],{"class":79},[69,16143,12183],{"class":83},[69,16145,16146,16148,16151,16153,16155,16157,16160,16162],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,16147,12188],{"class":699},[69,16149,16150],{"class":703},"title",[69,16152,871],{"class":699},[69,16154,143],{"class":83},[69,16156,881],{"class":699},[69,16158,16159],{"class":703},"Python Basics",[69,16161,871],{"class":699},[69,16163,12204],{"class":83},[69,16165,16166,16168,16171,16173,16175,16178],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,16167,12188],{"class":699},[69,16169,16170],{"class":703},"pages",[69,16172,871],{"class":699},[69,16174,143],{"class":83},[69,16176,16177],{"class":87}," 150",[69,16179,12204],{"class":83},[69,16181,16182,16184,16187,16189,16191],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,16183,12188],{"class":699},[69,16185,16186],{"class":703},"available",[69,16188,871],{"class":699},[69,16190,143],{"class":83},[69,16192,7112],{"class":1203},[69,16194,16195],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,16196,9994],{"class":83},[69,16198,16199],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,16200,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,16202,16203,16205,16207,16210],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,16204,172],{"class":128},[69,16206,132],{"class":83},[69,16208,16209],{"class":146},"book",[69,16211,166],{"class":83},[20,16213,16214],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[55,16216,10088],{"id":10087},[20,16218,16219],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,16221,16222],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[60,16224,16226],{"className":62,"code":16225,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16227,16228,16236],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16229,16230,16232,16234],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16231,9852],{"class":75},[69,16233,80],{"class":79},[69,16235,10524],{"class":83},[69,16237,16238,16240,16242,16244],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,16239,172],{"class":128},[69,16241,132],{"class":83},[69,16243,9891],{"class":146},[69,16245,166],{"class":83},[60,16247,16248],{"className":62,"code":10091,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,16249,16250,16260],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16251,16252,16254,16256,16258],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16253,9852],{"class":75},[69,16255,80],{"class":79},[69,16257,9857],{"class":177},[69,16259,9329],{"class":83},[69,16261,16262,16264,16266,16268],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,16263,172],{"class":128},[69,16265,132],{"class":83},[69,16267,9891],{"class":146},[69,16269,166],{"class":83},[20,16271,16272],{},[42,16273,321],{},[60,16275,16276],{"className":62,"code":10120,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,16277,16278],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16279,16280],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16281,10120],{"class":83},[20,16283,16284],{},"Both are correct.",[377,16286,16288],{"id":16287},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,16290,16291,16293,16294,16297],{},[15,16292,4505],{}," creates an empty ",[42,16295,16296],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,16299,16300,16301,537],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,16302,4510],{},[60,16304,16306],{"className":62,"code":16305,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,16307,16308,16316,16328,16332,16346],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16309,16310,16312,16314],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16311,12415],{"class":75},[69,16313,80],{"class":79},[69,16315,10524],{"class":83},[69,16317,16318,16321,16323,16326],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,16319,16320],{"class":75},"my_set ",[69,16322,80],{"class":79},[69,16324,16325],{"class":177}," set",[69,16327,9329],{"class":83},[69,16329,16330],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,16331,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,16333,16334,16336,16338,16340,16342,16344],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,16335,172],{"class":128},[69,16337,132],{"class":83},[69,16339,641],{"class":177},[69,16341,132],{"class":83},[69,16343,12139],{"class":146},[69,16345,318],{"class":83},[69,16347,16348,16350,16352,16354,16356,16359],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,16349,172],{"class":128},[69,16351,132],{"class":83},[69,16353,641],{"class":177},[69,16355,132],{"class":83},[69,16357,16358],{"class":146},"my_set",[69,16360,318],{"class":83},[20,16362,16363],{},[42,16364,321],{},[60,16366,16368],{"className":62,"code":16367,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,16369,16370,16384],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16371,16372,16374,16376,16378,16380,16382],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16373,674],{"class":79},[69,16375,696],{"class":135},[69,16377,700],{"class":699},[69,16379,9507],{"class":703},[69,16381,706],{"class":699},[69,16383,689],{"class":79},[69,16385,16386,16388,16390,16392,16394,16396],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,16387,674],{"class":79},[69,16389,696],{"class":135},[69,16391,700],{"class":699},[69,16393,6982],{"class":703},[69,16395,706],{"class":699},[69,16397,689],{"class":79},[55,16399,16401,16402],{"id":16400},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,16403,9806],{},[20,16405,16406,16407,16409],{},"You can also use ",[15,16408,9806],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,16411,16412],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[60,16414,16416],{"className":62,"code":16415,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,16417,16418,16457],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16419,16420,16422,16424,16426,16428,16430,16432,16434,16436,16438,16440,16442,16444,16446,16448,16451,16453,16455],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16421,13555],{"class":75},[69,16423,80],{"class":79},[69,16425,9857],{"class":177},[69,16427,132],{"class":83},[69,16429,8356],{"class":9862},[69,16431,80],{"class":79},[69,16433,871],{"class":699},[69,16435,13572],{"class":703},[69,16437,871],{"class":699},[69,16439,91],{"class":83},[69,16441,9875],{"class":9862},[69,16443,80],{"class":79},[69,16445,522],{"class":87},[69,16447,91],{"class":83},[69,16449,16450],{"class":9862}," active",[69,16452,80],{"class":79},[69,16454,224],{"class":1203},[69,16456,166],{"class":83},[69,16458,16459,16461,16463,16465],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,16460,172],{"class":128},[69,16462,132],{"class":83},[69,16464,14318],{"class":146},[69,16466,166],{"class":83},[20,16468,16469],{},[42,16470,321],{},[60,16472,16474],{"className":62,"code":16473,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,16475,16476],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16477,16478,16480,16482,16484,16486,16488,16490,16492,16494,16496,16498,16500,16502,16504,16506,16508,16510,16513,16515,16517,16519],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16479,9964],{"class":83},[69,16481,706],{"class":699},[69,16483,8356],{"class":703},[69,16485,706],{"class":699},[69,16487,143],{"class":83},[69,16489,700],{"class":699},[69,16491,13572],{"class":703},[69,16493,706],{"class":699},[69,16495,91],{"class":83},[69,16497,700],{"class":699},[69,16499,9985],{"class":703},[69,16501,706],{"class":699},[69,16503,143],{"class":83},[69,16505,454],{"class":87},[69,16507,91],{"class":83},[69,16509,700],{"class":699},[69,16511,16512],{"class":703},"active",[69,16514,706],{"class":699},[69,16516,143],{"class":83},[69,16518,1287],{"class":1203},[69,16520,9994],{"class":83},[20,16522,16523],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[377,16525,16527,16528],{"id":16526},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,16529,9806],{},[20,16531,16532],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[29,16534,16535,16538],{},[32,16536,16537],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[32,16539,16540],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,16542,7376],{},[60,16544,16546],{"className":62,"code":16545,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,16547,16548,16578],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16549,16550,16552,16554,16556,16558,16560,16562,16564,16566,16568,16570,16572,16574,16576],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16551,12178],{"class":75},[69,16553,80],{"class":79},[69,16555,9857],{"class":177},[69,16557,132],{"class":83},[69,16559,8356],{"class":9862},[69,16561,80],{"class":79},[69,16563,871],{"class":699},[69,16565,8365],{"class":703},[69,16567,871],{"class":699},[69,16569,91],{"class":83},[69,16571,9875],{"class":9862},[69,16573,80],{"class":79},[69,16575,9880],{"class":87},[69,16577,166],{"class":83},[69,16579,16580,16582,16584,16586],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,16581,172],{"class":128},[69,16583,132],{"class":83},[69,16585,12272],{"class":146},[69,16587,166],{"class":83},[20,16589,5331,16590,16592],{},[42,16591,5334],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[60,16594,16596],{"className":62,"code":16595,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,16597,16598],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16599,16600],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16601,16595],{"class":189},[20,16603,16604],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16606,16607],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[60,16609,16611],{"className":62,"code":16610,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16612,16613,16621,16637,16641,16645],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16614,16615,16617,16619],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16616,12178],{"class":75},[69,16618,80],{"class":79},[69,16620,12183],{"class":83},[69,16622,16623,16625,16627,16629,16631,16633,16635],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,16624,12188],{"class":699},[69,16626,11182],{"class":703},[69,16628,871],{"class":699},[69,16630,143],{"class":83},[69,16632,881],{"class":699},[69,16634,8365],{"class":703},[69,16636,4079],{"class":699},[69,16638,16639],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,16640,9994],{"class":83},[69,16642,16643],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,16644,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,16646,16647,16649,16651,16653],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,16648,172],{"class":128},[69,16650,132],{"class":83},[69,16652,12272],{"class":146},[69,16654,166],{"class":83},[55,16656,10130],{"id":10129},[20,16658,16659,16661],{},[15,16660,9806],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16663,16664],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[60,16666,16668],{"className":62,"code":16667,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16669,16670,16727,16731,16745,16749],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16671,16672,16674,16676,16678,16680,16682,16684,16686,16688,16690,16692,16694,16696,16698,16700,16702,16704,16706,16708,16710,16712,16714,16716,16718,16720,16723,16725],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16673,9902],{"class":75},[69,16675,80],{"class":79},[69,16677,9907],{"class":83},[69,16679,871],{"class":699},[69,16681,8356],{"class":703},[69,16683,871],{"class":699},[69,16685,91],{"class":83},[69,16687,881],{"class":699},[69,16689,13572],{"class":703},[69,16691,871],{"class":699},[69,16693,9920],{"class":83},[69,16695,441],{"class":83},[69,16697,871],{"class":699},[69,16699,9985],{"class":703},[69,16701,871],{"class":699},[69,16703,91],{"class":83},[69,16705,454],{"class":87},[69,16707,9920],{"class":83},[69,16709,441],{"class":83},[69,16711,871],{"class":699},[69,16713,11095],{"class":703},[69,16715,871],{"class":699},[69,16717,91],{"class":83},[69,16719,881],{"class":699},[69,16721,16722],{"class":703},"Lima",[69,16724,871],{"class":699},[69,16726,9935],{"class":83},[69,16728,16729],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,16730,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,16732,16733,16735,16737,16739,16741,16743],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,16734,13555],{"class":75},[69,16736,80],{"class":79},[69,16738,9857],{"class":177},[69,16740,132],{"class":83},[69,16742,9948],{"class":146},[69,16744,166],{"class":83},[69,16746,16747],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,16748,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,16750,16751,16753,16755,16757],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,16752,172],{"class":128},[69,16754,132],{"class":83},[69,16756,14318],{"class":146},[69,16758,166],{"class":83},[20,16760,16761],{},[42,16762,321],{},[60,16764,16766],{"className":62,"code":16765,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16767,16768],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16769,16770,16772,16774,16776,16778,16780,16782,16784,16786,16788,16790,16792,16794,16796,16798,16800,16802,16804,16806,16808,16810,16812,16814],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16771,9964],{"class":83},[69,16773,706],{"class":699},[69,16775,8356],{"class":703},[69,16777,706],{"class":699},[69,16779,143],{"class":83},[69,16781,700],{"class":699},[69,16783,13572],{"class":703},[69,16785,706],{"class":699},[69,16787,91],{"class":83},[69,16789,700],{"class":699},[69,16791,9985],{"class":703},[69,16793,706],{"class":699},[69,16795,143],{"class":83},[69,16797,454],{"class":87},[69,16799,91],{"class":83},[69,16801,700],{"class":699},[69,16803,11095],{"class":703},[69,16805,706],{"class":699},[69,16807,143],{"class":83},[69,16809,700],{"class":699},[69,16811,16722],{"class":703},[69,16813,706],{"class":699},[69,16815,9994],{"class":83},[20,16817,16818],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[60,16820,16822],{"className":62,"code":16821,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16823,16824,16865],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16825,16826,16828,16830,16832,16835,16837,16839,16841,16843,16845,16847,16849,16851,16853,16855,16857,16859,16861,16863],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16827,13555],{"class":75},[69,16829,80],{"class":79},[69,16831,9857],{"class":177},[69,16833,16834],{"class":83},"(((",[69,16836,871],{"class":699},[69,16838,8356],{"class":703},[69,16840,871],{"class":699},[69,16842,91],{"class":83},[69,16844,881],{"class":699},[69,16846,13572],{"class":703},[69,16848,871],{"class":699},[69,16850,9920],{"class":83},[69,16852,441],{"class":83},[69,16854,871],{"class":699},[69,16856,9985],{"class":703},[69,16858,871],{"class":699},[69,16860,91],{"class":83},[69,16862,454],{"class":87},[69,16864,2019],{"class":83},[69,16866,16867,16869,16871,16873],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,16868,172],{"class":128},[69,16870,132],{"class":83},[69,16872,14318],{"class":146},[69,16874,166],{"class":83},[20,16876,16877],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[55,16879,16881],{"id":16880},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16883,16884],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[29,16886,16887,16890,16893,16896],{},[32,16888,16889],{},"Keys must be unique",[32,16891,16892],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[32,16894,16895],{},"Values can repeat",[32,16897,16898],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[377,16900,16902],{"id":16901},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[60,16904,16906],{"className":62,"code":16905,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16907,16908,16916,16934,16951,16955,16959],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16909,16910,16912,16914],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16911,9852],{"class":75},[69,16913,80],{"class":79},[69,16915,12183],{"class":83},[69,16917,16918,16920,16922,16924,16926,16928,16930,16932],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,16919,12188],{"class":699},[69,16921,8356],{"class":703},[69,16923,871],{"class":699},[69,16925,143],{"class":83},[69,16927,881],{"class":699},[69,16929,13572],{"class":703},[69,16931,871],{"class":699},[69,16933,12204],{"class":83},[69,16935,16936,16938,16940,16942,16944,16946,16949],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,16937,12188],{"class":699},[69,16939,8356],{"class":703},[69,16941,871],{"class":699},[69,16943,143],{"class":83},[69,16945,881],{"class":699},[69,16947,16948],{"class":703},"Maria",[69,16950,4079],{"class":699},[69,16952,16953],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,16954,9994],{"class":83},[69,16956,16957],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,16958,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,16960,16961,16963,16965,16967],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,16962,172],{"class":128},[69,16964,132],{"class":83},[69,16966,9891],{"class":146},[69,16968,166],{"class":83},[20,16970,16971],{},[42,16972,321],{},[60,16974,16976],{"className":62,"code":16975,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16977,16978],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,16979,16980,16982,16984,16986,16988,16990,16992,16994,16996],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,16981,9964],{"class":83},[69,16983,706],{"class":699},[69,16985,8356],{"class":703},[69,16987,706],{"class":699},[69,16989,143],{"class":83},[69,16991,700],{"class":699},[69,16993,16948],{"class":703},[69,16995,706],{"class":699},[69,16997,9994],{"class":83},[20,16999,17000],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[377,17002,17004],{"id":17003},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[60,17006,17008],{"className":62,"code":17007,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,17009,17010,17018,17034,17050,17064,17068,17072],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,17011,17012,17014,17016],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,17013,5768],{"class":75},[69,17015,80],{"class":79},[69,17017,12183],{"class":83},[69,17019,17020,17023,17025,17027,17030,17032],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,17021,17022],{"class":87},"    1",[69,17024,143],{"class":83},[69,17026,881],{"class":699},[69,17028,17029],{"class":703},"low",[69,17031,871],{"class":699},[69,17033,12204],{"class":83},[69,17035,17036,17039,17041,17043,17046,17048],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,17037,17038],{"class":87},"    2",[69,17040,143],{"class":83},[69,17042,881],{"class":699},[69,17044,17045],{"class":703},"medium",[69,17047,871],{"class":699},[69,17049,12204],{"class":83},[69,17051,17052,17055,17057,17059,17062],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,17053,17054],{"class":87},"    3",[69,17056,143],{"class":83},[69,17058,881],{"class":699},[69,17060,17061],{"class":703},"high",[69,17063,4079],{"class":699},[69,17065,17066],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,17067,9994],{"class":83},[69,17069,17070],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,17071,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,17073,17074,17076,17078,17081],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,17075,172],{"class":128},[69,17077,132],{"class":83},[69,17079,17080],{"class":146},"scores",[69,17082,166],{"class":83},[377,17084,17086],{"id":17085},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,17088,17089],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,17091,17092],{},"This will cause an error:",[60,17094,17096],{"className":62,"code":17095,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,17097,17098,17103,17108],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,17099,17100],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,17101,17102],{"class":189},"# bad = {\n",[69,17104,17105],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,17106,17107],{"class":189},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[69,17109,17110],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,17111,17112],{"class":189},"# }\n",[20,17114,17115],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[60,17117,17119],{"className":62,"code":17118,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,17120,17121,17130,17150,17154,17158],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,17122,17123,17126,17128],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,17124,17125],{"class":75},"good ",[69,17127,80],{"class":79},[69,17129,12183],{"class":83},[69,17131,17132,17135,17137,17139,17141,17144,17146,17148],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,17133,17134],{"class":83},"    (",[69,17136,88],{"class":87},[69,17138,91],{"class":83},[69,17140,94],{"class":87},[69,17142,17143],{"class":83},"):",[69,17145,881],{"class":699},[69,17147,4366],{"class":703},[69,17149,4079],{"class":699},[69,17151,17152],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,17153,9994],{"class":83},[69,17155,17156],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,17157,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,17159,17160,17162,17164,17167],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,17161,172],{"class":128},[69,17163,132],{"class":83},[69,17165,17166],{"class":146},"good",[69,17168,166],{"class":83},[55,17170,17172],{"id":17171},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,17174,17175],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,17177,17178],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[29,17180,17181,17184,17186,17189],{},[32,17182,17183],{},"user data",[32,17185,14577],{},[32,17187,17188],{},"counters",[32,17190,17191],{},"lookups",[20,17193,234],{},[60,17195,17197],{"className":62,"code":17196,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,17198,17199,17207,17226,17245,17257,17261,17265],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,17200,17201,17203,17205],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,17202,12178],{"class":75},[69,17204,80],{"class":79},[69,17206,12183],{"class":83},[69,17208,17209,17211,17213,17215,17217,17219,17222,17224],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,17210,12188],{"class":699},[69,17212,8672],{"class":703},[69,17214,871],{"class":699},[69,17216,143],{"class":83},[69,17218,881],{"class":699},[69,17220,17221],{"class":703},"ana123",[69,17223,871],{"class":699},[69,17225,12204],{"class":83},[69,17227,17228,17230,17232,17234,17236,17238,17241,17243],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,17229,12188],{"class":699},[69,17231,15950],{"class":703},[69,17233,871],{"class":699},[69,17235,143],{"class":83},[69,17237,881],{"class":699},[69,17239,17240],{"class":703},"ana@example.com",[69,17242,871],{"class":699},[69,17244,12204],{"class":83},[69,17246,17247,17249,17251,17253,17255],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,17248,12188],{"class":699},[69,17250,13206],{"class":703},[69,17252,871],{"class":699},[69,17254,143],{"class":83},[69,17256,7112],{"class":1203},[69,17258,17259],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,17260,9994],{"class":83},[69,17262,17263],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,17264,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,17266,17267,17269,17271,17273,17275,17277,17279,17281],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,17268,172],{"class":128},[69,17270,132],{"class":83},[69,17272,12272],{"class":146},[69,17274,331],{"class":83},[69,17276,871],{"class":699},[69,17278,15950],{"class":703},[69,17280,871],{"class":699},[69,17282,618],{"class":83},[20,17284,17285,17286,537],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[533,17287,17289],{"href":17288},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,17291,17292],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[29,17294,17295,17298,17301],{},[32,17296,17297],{},"labels are not needed",[32,17299,17300],{},"you mostly care about position",[32,17302,17303],{},"order matters more than named fields",[55,17305,1771],{"id":1770},[20,17307,17308],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[29,17310,17311,17314,17317,17320,17323],{},[32,17312,17313],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[32,17315,17316],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[32,17318,17319],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[32,17321,17322],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[32,17324,17325,17326,17328],{},"Mixing up ",[15,17327,4505],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[377,17330,17332],{"id":17331},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,17334,2235],{},[60,17336,17338],{"className":62,"code":17337,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,17339,17340],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,17341,17342],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,17343,17337],{"class":189},[20,17345,2253],{},[60,17347,17349],{"className":62,"code":17348,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,17350,17351,17375],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,17352,17353,17355,17357,17359,17361,17363,17365,17367,17369,17371,17373],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,17354,13555],{"class":75},[69,17356,80],{"class":79},[69,17358,11177],{"class":83},[69,17360,871],{"class":699},[69,17362,8356],{"class":703},[69,17364,871],{"class":699},[69,17366,143],{"class":83},[69,17368,881],{"class":699},[69,17370,13572],{"class":703},[69,17372,871],{"class":699},[69,17374,9994],{"class":83},[69,17376,17377,17379,17381,17383],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,17378,172],{"class":128},[69,17380,132],{"class":83},[69,17382,14318],{"class":146},[69,17384,166],{"class":83},[377,17386,17388],{"id":17387},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,17390,2235],{},[60,17392,17394],{"className":62,"code":17393,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,17395,17396],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,17397,17398],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,17399,17393],{"class":189},[20,17401,17402,17403,17405,17406,17408],{},"This only works if ",[15,17404,8356],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,17407,15931],{},", use quotes.",[20,17410,2253],{},[60,17412,17413],{"className":62,"code":17348,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,17414,17415,17439],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,17416,17417,17419,17421,17423,17425,17427,17429,17431,17433,17435,17437],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,17418,13555],{"class":75},[69,17420,80],{"class":79},[69,17422,11177],{"class":83},[69,17424,871],{"class":699},[69,17426,8356],{"class":703},[69,17428,871],{"class":699},[69,17430,143],{"class":83},[69,17432,881],{"class":699},[69,17434,13572],{"class":703},[69,17436,871],{"class":699},[69,17438,9994],{"class":83},[69,17440,17441,17443,17445,17447],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,17442,172],{"class":128},[69,17444,132],{"class":83},[69,17446,14318],{"class":146},[69,17448,166],{"class":83},[377,17450,17452],{"id":17451},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[60,17454,17456],{"className":62,"code":17455,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,17457,17458,17490],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,17459,17460,17462,17464,17466,17468,17470,17472,17474,17476,17478,17480,17482,17484,17486,17488],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,17461,9852],{"class":75},[69,17463,80],{"class":79},[69,17465,11177],{"class":83},[69,17467,871],{"class":699},[69,17469,9985],{"class":703},[69,17471,871],{"class":699},[69,17473,143],{"class":83},[69,17475,454],{"class":87},[69,17477,91],{"class":83},[69,17479,881],{"class":699},[69,17481,9985],{"class":703},[69,17483,871],{"class":699},[69,17485,143],{"class":83},[69,17487,8482],{"class":87},[69,17489,9994],{"class":83},[69,17491,17492,17494,17496,17498],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,17493,172],{"class":128},[69,17495,132],{"class":83},[69,17497,9891],{"class":146},[69,17499,166],{"class":83},[20,17501,17502],{},[42,17503,321],{},[60,17505,17507],{"className":62,"code":17506,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,17508,17509],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,17510,17511,17513,17515,17517,17519,17521,17523],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,17512,9964],{"class":83},[69,17514,706],{"class":699},[69,17516,9985],{"class":703},[69,17518,706],{"class":699},[69,17520,143],{"class":83},[69,17522,8482],{"class":87},[69,17524,9994],{"class":83},[55,17526,17528],{"id":17527},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,17530,17531],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[60,17533,17535],{"className":62,"code":17534,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,17536,17537,17573,17577,17587,17601,17616,17630],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,17538,17539,17541,17543,17545,17547,17549,17551,17553,17555,17557,17559,17561,17563,17565,17567,17569,17571],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,17540,12415],{"class":75},[69,17542,80],{"class":79},[69,17544,11177],{"class":83},[69,17546,871],{"class":699},[69,17548,8356],{"class":703},[69,17550,871],{"class":699},[69,17552,143],{"class":83},[69,17554,881],{"class":699},[69,17556,13572],{"class":703},[69,17558,871],{"class":699},[69,17560,91],{"class":83},[69,17562,881],{"class":699},[69,17564,9985],{"class":703},[69,17566,871],{"class":699},[69,17568,143],{"class":83},[69,17570,454],{"class":87},[69,17572,9994],{"class":83},[69,17574,17575],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,17576,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,17578,17579,17581,17583,17585],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,17580,172],{"class":128},[69,17582,132],{"class":83},[69,17584,12139],{"class":146},[69,17586,166],{"class":83},[69,17588,17589,17591,17593,17595,17597,17599],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,17590,172],{"class":128},[69,17592,132],{"class":83},[69,17594,641],{"class":177},[69,17596,132],{"class":83},[69,17598,12139],{"class":146},[69,17600,318],{"class":83},[69,17602,17603,17605,17607,17609,17611,17614],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,17604,172],{"class":128},[69,17606,132],{"class":83},[69,17608,12139],{"class":146},[69,17610,537],{"class":83},[69,17612,17613],{"class":146},"keys",[69,17615,7882],{"class":83},[69,17617,17618,17620,17622,17624,17626,17628],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,17619,172],{"class":128},[69,17621,132],{"class":83},[69,17623,12139],{"class":146},[69,17625,537],{"class":83},[69,17627,6059],{"class":146},[69,17629,7882],{"class":83},[69,17631,17632,17634,17636,17638,17640,17642],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,17633,172],{"class":128},[69,17635,132],{"class":83},[69,17637,11850],{"class":128},[69,17639,132],{"class":83},[69,17641,12139],{"class":146},[69,17643,318],{"class":83},[20,17645,17646],{},[42,17647,17648],{},"Example output:",[60,17650,17652],{"className":62,"code":17651,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17653,17654,17686,17700,17723,17742],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,17655,17656,17658,17660,17662,17664,17666,17668,17670,17672,17674,17676,17678,17680,17682,17684],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,17657,9964],{"class":83},[69,17659,706],{"class":699},[69,17661,8356],{"class":703},[69,17663,706],{"class":699},[69,17665,143],{"class":83},[69,17667,700],{"class":699},[69,17669,13572],{"class":703},[69,17671,706],{"class":699},[69,17673,91],{"class":83},[69,17675,700],{"class":699},[69,17677,9985],{"class":703},[69,17679,706],{"class":699},[69,17681,143],{"class":83},[69,17683,454],{"class":87},[69,17685,9994],{"class":83},[69,17687,17688,17690,17692,17694,17696,17698],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,17689,674],{"class":79},[69,17691,696],{"class":135},[69,17693,700],{"class":699},[69,17695,9507],{"class":703},[69,17697,706],{"class":699},[69,17699,689],{"class":79},[69,17701,17702,17705,17707,17709,17711,17713,17715,17717,17719,17721],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,17703,17704],{"class":146},"dict_keys",[69,17706,3710],{"class":83},[69,17708,706],{"class":699},[69,17710,8356],{"class":703},[69,17712,706],{"class":699},[69,17714,91],{"class":83},[69,17716,700],{"class":699},[69,17718,9985],{"class":703},[69,17720,706],{"class":699},[69,17722,618],{"class":83},[69,17724,17725,17728,17730,17732,17734,17736,17738,17740],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,17726,17727],{"class":146},"dict_values",[69,17729,3710],{"class":83},[69,17731,706],{"class":699},[69,17733,13572],{"class":703},[69,17735,706],{"class":699},[69,17737,91],{"class":83},[69,17739,454],{"class":87},[69,17741,618],{"class":83},[69,17743,17744],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,17745,17746],{"class":87},"2\n",[20,17748,17749,17750,2920,17756,2574,17762,537],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[533,17751,11424,17753],{"href":17752},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17754,17755],{},"keys()",[533,17757,11424,17759],{"href":17758},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17760,17761],{},"values()",[533,17763,11424,17765],{"href":17764},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17766,17767],{},"items()",[55,17769,2519],{"id":2518},[377,17771,17773],{"id":17772},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17775,1378,17776,394,17778,17780],{},[15,17777,4505],{},[15,17779,9806],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[377,17782,17784],{"id":17783},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17786,17787,17788,537],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17789,17790],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[377,17792,17794],{"id":17793},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17796,17797],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[377,17799,17801],{"id":17800},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17803,17804],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[377,17806,5881,17808,5096,17810,3218],{"id":17807},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17809,4505],{},[15,17811,9806],{},[20,17813,17814,17816,17817,17819],{},[15,17815,4505],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17818,9806],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[55,17821,2620],{"id":2619},[29,17823,17824,17828,17834,17838,17844],{},[32,17825,17826],{},[533,17827,9842],{"href":9841},[32,17829,17830],{},[533,17831,11424,17832,11428],{"href":11423},[15,17833,11427],{},[32,17835,17836],{},[533,17837,11940],{"href":11418},[32,17839,17840],{},[533,17841,17843],{"href":17842},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[32,17845,17846],{},[533,17847,11951],{"href":11762},[20,17849,17850],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2650,17852,17853],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":17855},[17856,17857,17858,17859,17862,17865,17870,17871,17876,17877,17882,17883,17891],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":15854,"depth":120,"text":15855},{"id":15872,"depth":120,"text":15860},{"id":15956,"depth":120,"text":15957,"children":17860},[17861],{"id":16108,"depth":169,"text":16109},{"id":10087,"depth":120,"text":10088,"children":17863},[17864],{"id":16287,"depth":169,"text":16288},{"id":16400,"depth":120,"text":17866,"children":17867},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17868],{"id":16526,"depth":169,"text":17869},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":10129,"depth":120,"text":10130},{"id":16880,"depth":120,"text":16881,"children":17872},[17873,17874,17875],{"id":16901,"depth":169,"text":16902},{"id":17003,"depth":169,"text":17004},{"id":17085,"depth":169,"text":17086},{"id":17171,"depth":120,"text":17172},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771,"children":17878},[17879,17880,17881],{"id":17331,"depth":169,"text":17332},{"id":17387,"depth":169,"text":17388},{"id":17451,"depth":169,"text":17452},{"id":17527,"depth":120,"text":17528},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":17884},[17885,17886,17887,17888,17889],{"id":17772,"depth":169,"text":17773},{"id":17783,"depth":169,"text":17784},{"id":17793,"depth":169,"text":17794},{"id":17800,"depth":169,"text":17801},{"id":17807,"depth":169,"text":17890},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15697,"description":17892},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17898,"title":17899,"body":17900,"description":20351,"extension":2697,"meta":20352,"navigation":272,"path":20353,"seo":20354,"stem":20355,"__hash__":20356},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17901,"toc":20307},[17902,17908,17914,17917,17920,17922,18004,18010,18015,18019,18037,18049,18054,18058,18081,18085,18097,18105,18109,18115,18117,18120,18195,18197,18242,18244,18261,18266,18272,18277,18351,18353,18398,18401,18412,18414,18533,18535,18588,18595,18599,18602,18619,18625,18629,18727,18729,18781,18788,18792,18798,18801,18804,18831,18836,18840,18843,18947,18949,18994,18997,19000,19005,19010,19021,19023,19084,19144,19150,19158,19164,19169,19174,19234,19238,19305,19308,19312,19383,19386,19399,19406,19408,19412,19416,19487,19489,19526,19529,19532,19595,19602,19605,19647,19657,19660,19729,19735,19740,19824,19826,19875,19882,19888,19933,19935,19968,19973,19977,19983,20022,20066,20134,20177,20179,20185,20188,20192,20197,20201,20204,20208,20210,20271,20273,20299,20304],[10,17903,12007,17905,12011],{"id":17904},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17906,17907],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17909,17910,17913],{},[15,17911,17912],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17915,17916],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17918,17919],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[55,17921,58],{"id":57},[60,17923,17925],{"className":62,"code":17924,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17926,17927,17960,17988,17999],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,17928,17929,17932,17934,17936,17938,17940,17942,17944,17946,17948,17950,17952,17954,17956,17958],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,17930,17931],{"class":75},"keys ",[69,17933,80],{"class":79},[69,17935,84],{"class":83},[69,17937,871],{"class":699},[69,17939,8356],{"class":703},[69,17941,871],{"class":699},[69,17943,91],{"class":83},[69,17945,881],{"class":699},[69,17947,9985],{"class":703},[69,17949,871],{"class":699},[69,17951,91],{"class":83},[69,17953,881],{"class":699},[69,17955,11095],{"class":703},[69,17957,871],{"class":699},[69,17959,117],{"class":83},[69,17961,17962,17964,17966,17968,17970,17973,17975,17977,17979,17981,17984,17986],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,17963,13897],{"class":75},[69,17965,80],{"class":79},[69,17967,9857],{"class":177},[69,17969,537],{"class":83},[69,17971,17972],{"class":146},"fromkeys",[69,17974,132],{"class":83},[69,17976,17613],{"class":146},[69,17978,91],{"class":83},[69,17980,881],{"class":699},[69,17982,17983],{"class":703},"unknown",[69,17985,871],{"class":699},[69,17987,166],{"class":83},[69,17989,17990,17992,17994,17997],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,17991,172],{"class":128},[69,17993,132],{"class":83},[69,17995,17996],{"class":146},"person",[69,17998,166],{"class":83},[69,18000,18001],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,18002,18003],{"class":189},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,18005,1378,18006,18009],{},[15,18007,18008],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[55,18011,202,18013,205],{"id":18012},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,18014,17912],{},[20,18016,18017,143],{},[15,18018,17912],{},[29,18020,18021,18024,18027,18030],{},[32,18022,18023],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[32,18025,18026],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[32,18028,18029],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[32,18031,18032,18033,18036],{},"Is called as ",[15,18034,18035],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,18038,18039,18040,18042,18043,18045,18046,537],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,18041,9507],{},", so you write ",[15,18044,18035],{}," instead of something like ",[15,18047,18048],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,18050,18051,18052,537],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[533,18053,9842],{"href":13715},[55,18055,18057],{"id":18056},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[60,18059,18061],{"className":62,"code":18060,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,18062,18063],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,18064,18065,18067,18069,18071,18073,18075,18077,18079],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,18066,9507],{"class":177},[69,18068,537],{"class":83},[69,18070,17972],{"class":146},[69,18072,132],{"class":83},[69,18074,399],{"class":146},[69,18076,91],{"class":83},[69,18078,9119],{"class":146},[69,18080,166],{"class":83},[377,18082,18084],{"id":18083},"parameters","Parameters",[29,18086,18087,18092],{},[32,18088,18089,18091],{},[15,18090,399],{},": the keys to use",[32,18093,18094,18096],{},[15,18095,3198],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,18098,18099,18100,18102,18103,537],{},"If you leave out ",[15,18101,3198],{},", each key gets ",[15,18104,1181],{},[377,18106,18108],{"id":18107},"return-value","Return value",[20,18110,18111,18112,537],{},"It returns a ",[42,18113,18114],{},"new dictionary",[55,18116,6485],{"id":6484},[20,18118,18119],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[60,18121,18123],{"className":62,"code":18122,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,18124,18125,18158,18180,18184],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,18126,18127,18129,18131,18133,18135,18137,18139,18141,18143,18146,18148,18150,18152,18154,18156],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,18128,17931],{"class":75},[69,18130,80],{"class":79},[69,18132,84],{"class":83},[69,18134,871],{"class":699},[69,18136,13785],{"class":703},[69,18138,871],{"class":699},[69,18140,91],{"class":83},[69,18142,881],{"class":699},[69,18144,18145],{"class":703},"green",[69,18147,871],{"class":699},[69,18149,91],{"class":83},[69,18151,881],{"class":699},[69,18153,13802],{"class":703},[69,18155,871],{"class":699},[69,18157,117],{"class":83},[69,18159,18160,18162,18164,18166,18168,18170,18172,18174,18176,18178],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,18161,13768],{"class":75},[69,18163,80],{"class":79},[69,18165,9857],{"class":177},[69,18167,537],{"class":83},[69,18169,17972],{"class":146},[69,18171,132],{"class":83},[69,18173,17613],{"class":146},[69,18175,91],{"class":83},[69,18177,158],{"class":87},[69,18179,166],{"class":83},[69,18181,18182],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,18183,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,18185,18186,18188,18190,18193],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,18187,172],{"class":128},[69,18189,132],{"class":83},[69,18191,18192],{"class":146},"colors",[69,18194,166],{"class":83},[20,18196,321],{},[60,18198,18200],{"className":62,"code":18199,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,18201,18202],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,18203,18204,18206,18208,18210,18212,18214,18216,18218,18220,18222,18224,18226,18228,18230,18232,18234,18236,18238,18240],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,18205,9964],{"class":83},[69,18207,706],{"class":699},[69,18209,13785],{"class":703},[69,18211,706],{"class":699},[69,18213,143],{"class":83},[69,18215,158],{"class":87},[69,18217,91],{"class":83},[69,18219,700],{"class":699},[69,18221,18145],{"class":703},[69,18223,706],{"class":699},[69,18225,143],{"class":83},[69,18227,158],{"class":87},[69,18229,91],{"class":83},[69,18231,700],{"class":699},[69,18233,13802],{"class":703},[69,18235,706],{"class":699},[69,18237,143],{"class":83},[69,18239,158],{"class":87},[69,18241,9994],{"class":83},[20,18243,12374],{},[29,18245,18246,18251,18256],{},[32,18247,18248,18250],{},[15,18249,17613],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[32,18252,18253,18255],{},[15,18254,1226],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[32,18257,18258,18260],{},[15,18259,17912],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,18262,18263,18264,537],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[533,18265,10077],{"href":13718},[55,18267,840,18269,18271],{"id":18268},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,18270,17907],{}," without a value",[20,18273,18274,18275,537],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,18276,1181],{},[60,18278,18280],{"className":62,"code":18279,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,18281,18282,18316,18336,18340],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,18283,18284,18287,18289,18291,18293,18295,18297,18299,18301,18303,18305,18307,18309,18312,18314],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,18285,18286],{"class":75},"fields ",[69,18288,80],{"class":79},[69,18290,84],{"class":83},[69,18292,871],{"class":699},[69,18294,8672],{"class":703},[69,18296,871],{"class":699},[69,18298,91],{"class":83},[69,18300,881],{"class":699},[69,18302,15950],{"class":703},[69,18304,871],{"class":699},[69,18306,91],{"class":83},[69,18308,881],{"class":699},[69,18310,18311],{"class":703},"password",[69,18313,871],{"class":699},[69,18315,117],{"class":83},[69,18317,18318,18321,18323,18325,18327,18329,18331,18334],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,18319,18320],{"class":75},"user_data ",[69,18322,80],{"class":79},[69,18324,9857],{"class":177},[69,18326,537],{"class":83},[69,18328,17972],{"class":146},[69,18330,132],{"class":83},[69,18332,18333],{"class":146},"fields",[69,18335,166],{"class":83},[69,18337,18338],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,18339,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,18341,18342,18344,18346,18349],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,18343,172],{"class":128},[69,18345,132],{"class":83},[69,18347,18348],{"class":146},"user_data",[69,18350,166],{"class":83},[20,18352,321],{},[60,18354,18356],{"className":62,"code":18355,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,18357,18358],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,18359,18360,18362,18364,18366,18368,18370,18372,18374,18376,18378,18380,18382,18384,18386,18388,18390,18392,18394,18396],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,18361,9964],{"class":83},[69,18363,706],{"class":699},[69,18365,8672],{"class":703},[69,18367,706],{"class":699},[69,18369,143],{"class":83},[69,18371,1282],{"class":1203},[69,18373,91],{"class":83},[69,18375,700],{"class":699},[69,18377,15950],{"class":703},[69,18379,706],{"class":699},[69,18381,143],{"class":83},[69,18383,1282],{"class":1203},[69,18385,91],{"class":83},[69,18387,700],{"class":699},[69,18389,18311],{"class":703},[69,18391,706],{"class":699},[69,18393,143],{"class":83},[69,18395,1282],{"class":1203},[69,18397,9994],{"class":83},[20,18399,18400],{},"This is useful when:",[29,18402,18403,18406,18409],{},[32,18404,18405],{},"You want to create the keys first",[32,18407,18408],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[32,18410,18411],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,18413,234],{},[60,18415,18417],{"className":62,"code":18416,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,18418,18419,18451,18469,18473,18496,18519,18523],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,18420,18421,18423,18425,18427,18429,18431,18433,18435,18437,18439,18441,18443,18445,18447,18449],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,18422,18286],{"class":75},[69,18424,80],{"class":79},[69,18426,84],{"class":83},[69,18428,871],{"class":699},[69,18430,8672],{"class":703},[69,18432,871],{"class":699},[69,18434,91],{"class":83},[69,18436,881],{"class":699},[69,18438,15950],{"class":703},[69,18440,871],{"class":699},[69,18442,91],{"class":83},[69,18444,881],{"class":699},[69,18446,18311],{"class":703},[69,18448,871],{"class":699},[69,18450,117],{"class":83},[69,18452,18453,18455,18457,18459,18461,18463,18465,18467],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,18454,18320],{"class":75},[69,18456,80],{"class":79},[69,18458,9857],{"class":177},[69,18460,537],{"class":83},[69,18462,17972],{"class":146},[69,18464,132],{"class":83},[69,18466,18333],{"class":146},[69,18468,166],{"class":83},[69,18470,18471],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,18472,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,18474,18475,18477,18479,18481,18483,18485,18487,18489,18491,18494],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,18476,18348],{"class":75},[69,18478,331],{"class":83},[69,18480,871],{"class":699},[69,18482,8672],{"class":703},[69,18484,871],{"class":699},[69,18486,13966],{"class":83},[69,18488,13969],{"class":79},[69,18490,881],{"class":699},[69,18492,18493],{"class":703},"alice",[69,18495,4079],{"class":699},[69,18497,18498,18500,18502,18504,18506,18508,18510,18512,18514,18517],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,18499,18348],{"class":75},[69,18501,331],{"class":83},[69,18503,871],{"class":699},[69,18505,15950],{"class":703},[69,18507,871],{"class":699},[69,18509,13966],{"class":83},[69,18511,13969],{"class":79},[69,18513,881],{"class":699},[69,18515,18516],{"class":703},"alice@example.com",[69,18518,4079],{"class":699},[69,18520,18521],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,18522,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,18524,18525,18527,18529,18531],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,18526,172],{"class":128},[69,18528,132],{"class":83},[69,18530,18348],{"class":146},[69,18532,166],{"class":83},[20,18534,321],{},[60,18536,18538],{"className":62,"code":18537,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,18539,18540],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,18541,18542,18544,18546,18548,18550,18552,18554,18556,18558,18560,18562,18564,18566,18568,18570,18572,18574,18576,18578,18580,18582,18584,18586],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,18543,9964],{"class":83},[69,18545,706],{"class":699},[69,18547,8672],{"class":703},[69,18549,706],{"class":699},[69,18551,143],{"class":83},[69,18553,700],{"class":699},[69,18555,18493],{"class":703},[69,18557,706],{"class":699},[69,18559,91],{"class":83},[69,18561,700],{"class":699},[69,18563,15950],{"class":703},[69,18565,706],{"class":699},[69,18567,143],{"class":83},[69,18569,700],{"class":699},[69,18571,18516],{"class":703},[69,18573,706],{"class":699},[69,18575,91],{"class":83},[69,18577,700],{"class":699},[69,18579,18311],{"class":703},[69,18581,706],{"class":699},[69,18583,143],{"class":83},[69,18585,1282],{"class":1203},[69,18587,9994],{"class":83},[20,18589,18590,18591,537],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[533,18592,18594],{"href":18593},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[55,18596,18598],{"id":18597},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,18600,18601],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[29,18603,18604,18609,18614],{},[32,18605,18606,18608],{},[15,18607,4500],{}," (list)",[32,18610,18611,18613],{},[15,18612,4505],{}," (dictionary)",[32,18615,18616,18618],{},[15,18617,4510],{}," (set)",[20,18620,18621,18622,537],{},"All keys will point to the ",[42,18623,18624],{},"same object",[377,18626,18628],{"id":18627},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[60,18630,18632],{"className":62,"code":18631,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18633,18634,18666,18687,18691,18713,18717],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,18635,18636,18638,18640,18642,18644,18646,18648,18650,18652,18654,18656,18658,18660,18662,18664],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,18637,17931],{"class":75},[69,18639,80],{"class":79},[69,18641,84],{"class":83},[69,18643,871],{"class":699},[69,18645,533],{"class":703},[69,18647,871],{"class":699},[69,18649,91],{"class":83},[69,18651,881],{"class":699},[69,18653,5465],{"class":703},[69,18655,871],{"class":699},[69,18657,91],{"class":83},[69,18659,881],{"class":699},[69,18661,10425],{"class":703},[69,18663,871],{"class":699},[69,18665,117],{"class":83},[69,18667,18668,18670,18672,18674,18676,18678,18680,18682,18684],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,18669,9852],{"class":75},[69,18671,80],{"class":79},[69,18673,9857],{"class":177},[69,18675,537],{"class":83},[69,18677,17972],{"class":146},[69,18679,132],{"class":83},[69,18681,17613],{"class":146},[69,18683,91],{"class":83},[69,18685,18686],{"class":83}," [])\n",[69,18688,18689],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,18690,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,18692,18693,18695,18697,18699,18701,18703,18705,18707,18709,18711],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,18694,9891],{"class":75},[69,18696,331],{"class":83},[69,18698,871],{"class":699},[69,18700,533],{"class":703},[69,18702,871],{"class":699},[69,18704,14243],{"class":83},[69,18706,1606],{"class":146},[69,18708,132],{"class":83},[69,18710,88],{"class":87},[69,18712,166],{"class":83},[69,18714,18715],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,18716,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,18718,18719,18721,18723,18725],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,18720,172],{"class":128},[69,18722,132],{"class":83},[69,18724,9891],{"class":146},[69,18726,166],{"class":83},[20,18728,321],{},[60,18730,18732],{"className":62,"code":18731,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18733,18734],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,18735,18736,18738,18740,18742,18744,18746,18748,18750,18753,18755,18757,18759,18761,18763,18765,18767,18769,18771,18773,18775,18777,18779],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,18737,9964],{"class":83},[69,18739,706],{"class":699},[69,18741,533],{"class":703},[69,18743,706],{"class":699},[69,18745,143],{"class":83},[69,18747,84],{"class":83},[69,18749,88],{"class":87},[69,18751,18752],{"class":83},"],",[69,18754,700],{"class":699},[69,18756,5465],{"class":703},[69,18758,706],{"class":699},[69,18760,143],{"class":83},[69,18762,84],{"class":83},[69,18764,88],{"class":87},[69,18766,18752],{"class":83},[69,18768,700],{"class":699},[69,18770,10425],{"class":703},[69,18772,706],{"class":699},[69,18774,143],{"class":83},[69,18776,84],{"class":83},[69,18778,88],{"class":87},[69,18780,14398],{"class":83},[20,18782,18783,18784,18787],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18785,18786],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[377,18789,18791],{"id":18790},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18793,18794,18797],{},[15,18795,18796],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18799,18800],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18802,18803],{},"So this:",[60,18805,18807],{"className":62,"code":18806,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18808,18809],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,18810,18811,18813,18815,18817,18819,18821,18823,18825,18827,18829],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,18812,9891],{"class":75},[69,18814,331],{"class":83},[69,18816,871],{"class":699},[69,18818,533],{"class":703},[69,18820,871],{"class":699},[69,18822,14243],{"class":83},[69,18824,1606],{"class":146},[69,18826,132],{"class":83},[69,18828,88],{"class":87},[69,18830,166],{"class":83},[20,18832,18833,18834,537],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18835,18786],{},[377,18837,18839],{"id":18838},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18841,18842],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[60,18844,18846],{"className":62,"code":18845,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18847,18848,18880,18907,18911,18933,18937],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,18849,18850,18852,18854,18856,18858,18860,18862,18864,18866,18868,18870,18872,18874,18876,18878],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,18851,17931],{"class":75},[69,18853,80],{"class":79},[69,18855,84],{"class":83},[69,18857,871],{"class":699},[69,18859,533],{"class":703},[69,18861,871],{"class":699},[69,18863,91],{"class":83},[69,18865,881],{"class":699},[69,18867,5465],{"class":703},[69,18869,871],{"class":699},[69,18871,91],{"class":83},[69,18873,881],{"class":699},[69,18875,10425],{"class":703},[69,18877,871],{"class":699},[69,18879,117],{"class":83},[69,18881,18882,18884,18886,18888,18890,18892,18895,18897,18900,18902,18905],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,18883,9852],{"class":75},[69,18885,80],{"class":79},[69,18887,11177],{"class":83},[69,18889,15533],{"class":75},[69,18891,143],{"class":83},[69,18893,18894],{"class":83}," []",[69,18896,4587],{"class":1053},[69,18898,18899],{"class":75}," key ",[69,18901,1574],{"class":1053},[69,18903,18904],{"class":75}," keys",[69,18906,9994],{"class":83},[69,18908,18909],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,18910,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,18912,18913,18915,18917,18919,18921,18923,18925,18927,18929,18931],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,18914,9891],{"class":75},[69,18916,331],{"class":83},[69,18918,871],{"class":699},[69,18920,533],{"class":703},[69,18922,871],{"class":699},[69,18924,14243],{"class":83},[69,18926,1606],{"class":146},[69,18928,132],{"class":83},[69,18930,88],{"class":87},[69,18932,166],{"class":83},[69,18934,18935],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,18936,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,18938,18939,18941,18943,18945],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,18940,172],{"class":128},[69,18942,132],{"class":83},[69,18944,9891],{"class":146},[69,18946,166],{"class":83},[20,18948,321],{},[60,18950,18952],{"className":62,"code":18951,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18953,18954],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,18955,18956,18958,18960,18962,18964,18966,18968,18970,18972,18974,18976,18978,18980,18983,18985,18987,18989,18991],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,18957,9964],{"class":83},[69,18959,706],{"class":699},[69,18961,533],{"class":703},[69,18963,706],{"class":699},[69,18965,143],{"class":83},[69,18967,84],{"class":83},[69,18969,88],{"class":87},[69,18971,18752],{"class":83},[69,18973,700],{"class":699},[69,18975,5465],{"class":703},[69,18977,706],{"class":699},[69,18979,143],{"class":83},[69,18981,18982],{"class":83}," [],",[69,18984,700],{"class":699},[69,18986,10425],{"class":703},[69,18988,706],{"class":699},[69,18990,143],{"class":83},[69,18992,18993],{"class":83}," []}\n",[20,18995,18996],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18998,18999],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[55,19001,1373,19003],{"id":19002},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,19004,17907],{},[20,19006,19007,19009],{},[15,19008,17912],{}," is a good choice when:",[29,19011,19012,19015,19018],{},[32,19013,19014],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[32,19016,19017],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[32,19019,19020],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,19022,2855],{},[60,19024,19026],{"className":62,"code":19025,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,19027,19028,19073],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,19029,19030,19033,19035,19037,19039,19041,19043,19045,19048,19050,19052,19054,19056,19058,19060,19062,19065,19067,19069,19071],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,19031,19032],{"class":75},"flags ",[69,19034,80],{"class":79},[69,19036,9857],{"class":177},[69,19038,537],{"class":83},[69,19040,17972],{"class":146},[69,19042,3710],{"class":83},[69,19044,871],{"class":699},[69,19046,19047],{"class":703},"is_admin",[69,19049,871],{"class":699},[69,19051,91],{"class":83},[69,19053,881],{"class":699},[69,19055,15771],{"class":703},[69,19057,871],{"class":699},[69,19059,91],{"class":83},[69,19061,881],{"class":699},[69,19063,19064],{"class":703},"is_verified",[69,19066,871],{"class":699},[69,19068,18752],{"class":83},[69,19070,1292],{"class":1203},[69,19072,166],{"class":83},[69,19074,19075,19077,19079,19082],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,19076,172],{"class":128},[69,19078,132],{"class":83},[69,19080,19081],{"class":146},"flags",[69,19083,166],{"class":83},[60,19085,19087],{"className":62,"code":19086,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,19088,19089,19134],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,19090,19091,19093,19095,19097,19099,19101,19103,19105,19108,19110,19112,19114,19117,19119,19121,19123,19126,19128,19130,19132],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,19092,5768],{"class":75},[69,19094,80],{"class":79},[69,19096,9857],{"class":177},[69,19098,537],{"class":83},[69,19100,17972],{"class":146},[69,19102,3710],{"class":83},[69,19104,871],{"class":699},[69,19106,19107],{"class":703},"math",[69,19109,871],{"class":699},[69,19111,91],{"class":83},[69,19113,881],{"class":699},[69,19115,19116],{"class":703},"science",[69,19118,871],{"class":699},[69,19120,91],{"class":83},[69,19122,881],{"class":699},[69,19124,19125],{"class":703},"history",[69,19127,871],{"class":699},[69,19129,18752],{"class":83},[69,19131,158],{"class":87},[69,19133,166],{"class":83},[69,19135,19136,19138,19140,19142],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,19137,172],{"class":128},[69,19139,132],{"class":83},[69,19141,17080],{"class":146},[69,19143,166],{"class":83},[20,19145,19146,19147,19149],{},"It is ",[42,19148,5334],{}," the best choice when:",[29,19151,19152,19155],{},[32,19153,19154],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[32,19156,19157],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[55,19159,19161,19163],{"id":19160},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,19162,17907],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,19165,19166,19168],{},[15,19167,17907],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[377,19170,840,19172],{"id":19171},"using-fromkeys",[15,19173,17907],{},[60,19175,19177],{"className":62,"code":19176,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,19178,19179,19224],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,19180,19181,19183,19185,19187,19189,19191,19193,19195,19198,19200,19202,19204,19207,19209,19211,19213,19216,19218,19220,19222],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,19182,14518],{"class":75},[69,19184,80],{"class":79},[69,19186,9857],{"class":177},[69,19188,537],{"class":83},[69,19190,17972],{"class":146},[69,19192,3710],{"class":83},[69,19194,871],{"class":699},[69,19196,19197],{"class":703},"sound",[69,19199,871],{"class":699},[69,19201,91],{"class":83},[69,19203,881],{"class":699},[69,19205,19206],{"class":703},"music",[69,19208,871],{"class":699},[69,19210,91],{"class":83},[69,19212,881],{"class":699},[69,19214,19215],{"class":703},"notifications",[69,19217,871],{"class":699},[69,19219,18752],{"class":83},[69,19221,1287],{"class":1203},[69,19223,166],{"class":83},[69,19225,19226,19228,19230,19232],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,19227,172],{"class":128},[69,19229,132],{"class":83},[69,19231,14577],{"class":146},[69,19233,166],{"class":83},[377,19235,19237],{"id":19236},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[60,19239,19241],{"className":62,"code":19240,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,19242,19243,19251,19265,19279,19291,19295],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,19244,19245,19247,19249],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,19246,14518],{"class":75},[69,19248,80],{"class":79},[69,19250,12183],{"class":83},[69,19252,19253,19255,19257,19259,19261,19263],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,19254,12188],{"class":699},[69,19256,19197],{"class":703},[69,19258,871],{"class":699},[69,19260,143],{"class":83},[69,19262,1287],{"class":1203},[69,19264,12204],{"class":83},[69,19266,19267,19269,19271,19273,19275,19277],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,19268,12188],{"class":699},[69,19270,19206],{"class":703},[69,19272,871],{"class":699},[69,19274,143],{"class":83},[69,19276,1292],{"class":1203},[69,19278,12204],{"class":83},[69,19280,19281,19283,19285,19287,19289],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,19282,12188],{"class":699},[69,19284,19215],{"class":703},[69,19286,871],{"class":699},[69,19288,143],{"class":83},[69,19290,7112],{"class":1203},[69,19292,19293],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,19294,9994],{"class":83},[69,19296,19297,19299,19301,19303],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,19298,172],{"class":128},[69,19300,132],{"class":83},[69,19302,14577],{"class":146},[69,19304,166],{"class":83},[20,19306,19307],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[377,19309,19311],{"id":19310},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[60,19313,19315],{"className":62,"code":19314,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,19316,19317,19349,19373],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,19318,19319,19321,19323,19325,19327,19329,19331,19333,19335,19337,19339,19341,19343,19345,19347],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,19320,17931],{"class":75},[69,19322,80],{"class":79},[69,19324,84],{"class":83},[69,19326,871],{"class":699},[69,19328,533],{"class":703},[69,19330,871],{"class":699},[69,19332,91],{"class":83},[69,19334,881],{"class":699},[69,19336,5465],{"class":703},[69,19338,871],{"class":699},[69,19340,91],{"class":83},[69,19342,881],{"class":699},[69,19344,10425],{"class":703},[69,19346,871],{"class":699},[69,19348,117],{"class":83},[69,19350,19351,19353,19355,19357,19359,19361,19363,19365,19367,19369,19371],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,19352,9852],{"class":75},[69,19354,80],{"class":79},[69,19356,11177],{"class":83},[69,19358,15533],{"class":75},[69,19360,143],{"class":83},[69,19362,18894],{"class":83},[69,19364,4587],{"class":1053},[69,19366,18899],{"class":75},[69,19368,1574],{"class":1053},[69,19370,18904],{"class":75},[69,19372,9994],{"class":83},[69,19374,19375,19377,19379,19381],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,19376,172],{"class":128},[69,19378,132],{"class":83},[69,19380,9891],{"class":146},[69,19382,166],{"class":83},[20,19384,19385],{},"Use:",[29,19387,19388,19393,19396],{},[32,19389,19390,19392],{},[15,19391,17907],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[32,19394,19395],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[32,19397,19398],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,19400,19401,19402,537],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[533,19403,11424,19404,11428],{"href":14725},[15,19405,15646],{},[55,19407,1771],{"id":1770},[20,19409,1774,19410,537],{},[15,19411,17912],{},[377,19413,19415],{"id":19414},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[60,19417,19419],{"className":62,"code":19418,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19420,19421,19454,19477],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,19422,19423,19426,19428,19430,19432,19434,19436,19438,19440,19442,19444,19446,19448,19450,19452],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,19424,19425],{"class":75},"d ",[69,19427,80],{"class":79},[69,19429,9857],{"class":177},[69,19431,537],{"class":83},[69,19433,17972],{"class":146},[69,19435,3710],{"class":83},[69,19437,871],{"class":699},[69,19439,533],{"class":703},[69,19441,871],{"class":699},[69,19443,91],{"class":83},[69,19445,881],{"class":699},[69,19447,5465],{"class":703},[69,19449,871],{"class":699},[69,19451,18752],{"class":83},[69,19453,18686],{"class":83},[69,19455,19456,19459,19461,19463,19465,19467,19469,19471,19473,19475],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,19457,19458],{"class":75},"d",[69,19460,331],{"class":83},[69,19462,871],{"class":699},[69,19464,533],{"class":703},[69,19466,871],{"class":699},[69,19468,14243],{"class":83},[69,19470,1606],{"class":146},[69,19472,132],{"class":83},[69,19474,88],{"class":87},[69,19476,166],{"class":83},[69,19478,19479,19481,19483,19485],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,19480,172],{"class":128},[69,19482,132],{"class":83},[69,19484,19458],{"class":146},[69,19486,166],{"class":83},[20,19488,321],{},[60,19490,19492],{"className":62,"code":19491,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,19493,19494],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,19495,19496,19498,19500,19502,19504,19506,19508,19510,19512,19514,19516,19518,19520,19522,19524],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,19497,9964],{"class":83},[69,19499,706],{"class":699},[69,19501,533],{"class":703},[69,19503,706],{"class":699},[69,19505,143],{"class":83},[69,19507,84],{"class":83},[69,19509,88],{"class":87},[69,19511,18752],{"class":83},[69,19513,700],{"class":699},[69,19515,5465],{"class":703},[69,19517,706],{"class":699},[69,19519,143],{"class":83},[69,19521,84],{"class":83},[69,19523,88],{"class":87},[69,19525,14398],{"class":83},[20,19527,19528],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,19530,19531],{},"Use this instead:",[60,19533,19535],{"className":62,"code":19534,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,19536,19537,19561,19585],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,19538,19539,19541,19543,19545,19547,19549,19551,19553,19555,19557,19559],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,19540,17931],{"class":75},[69,19542,80],{"class":79},[69,19544,84],{"class":83},[69,19546,871],{"class":699},[69,19548,533],{"class":703},[69,19550,871],{"class":699},[69,19552,91],{"class":83},[69,19554,881],{"class":699},[69,19556,5465],{"class":703},[69,19558,871],{"class":699},[69,19560,117],{"class":83},[69,19562,19563,19565,19567,19569,19571,19573,19575,19577,19579,19581,19583],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,19564,19425],{"class":75},[69,19566,80],{"class":79},[69,19568,11177],{"class":83},[69,19570,15533],{"class":75},[69,19572,143],{"class":83},[69,19574,18894],{"class":83},[69,19576,4587],{"class":1053},[69,19578,18899],{"class":75},[69,19580,1574],{"class":1053},[69,19582,18904],{"class":75},[69,19584,9994],{"class":83},[69,19586,19587,19589,19591,19593],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,19588,172],{"class":128},[69,19590,132],{"class":83},[69,19592,19458],{"class":146},[69,19594,166],{"class":83},[377,19596,19598,19599,19601],{"id":19597},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,19600,17907],{}," on a list",[20,19603,19604],{},"Wrong idea:",[60,19606,19608],{"className":62,"code":19607,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,19609,19610,19642],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,19611,19612,19614,19616,19618,19620,19622,19624,19626,19628,19630,19632,19634,19636,19638,19640],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,19613,17931],{"class":75},[69,19615,80],{"class":79},[69,19617,84],{"class":83},[69,19619,871],{"class":699},[69,19621,533],{"class":703},[69,19623,871],{"class":699},[69,19625,91],{"class":83},[69,19627,881],{"class":699},[69,19629,5465],{"class":703},[69,19631,871],{"class":699},[69,19633,91],{"class":83},[69,19635,881],{"class":699},[69,19637,10425],{"class":703},[69,19639,871],{"class":699},[69,19641,117],{"class":83},[69,19643,19644],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,19645,19646],{"class":189},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19648,19649,19651,19652,19654,19655,537],{},[15,19650,17907],{}," belongs to ",[15,19653,9507],{},", not ",[15,19656,178],{},[20,19658,19659],{},"Correct usage:",[60,19661,19663],{"className":62,"code":19662,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19664,19665,19697,19719],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,19666,19667,19669,19671,19673,19675,19677,19679,19681,19683,19685,19687,19689,19691,19693,19695],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,19668,17931],{"class":75},[69,19670,80],{"class":79},[69,19672,84],{"class":83},[69,19674,871],{"class":699},[69,19676,533],{"class":703},[69,19678,871],{"class":699},[69,19680,91],{"class":83},[69,19682,881],{"class":699},[69,19684,5465],{"class":703},[69,19686,871],{"class":699},[69,19688,91],{"class":83},[69,19690,881],{"class":699},[69,19692,10425],{"class":703},[69,19694,871],{"class":699},[69,19696,117],{"class":83},[69,19698,19699,19701,19703,19705,19707,19709,19711,19713,19715,19717],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,19700,19425],{"class":75},[69,19702,80],{"class":79},[69,19704,9857],{"class":177},[69,19706,537],{"class":83},[69,19708,17972],{"class":146},[69,19710,132],{"class":83},[69,19712,17613],{"class":146},[69,19714,91],{"class":83},[69,19716,158],{"class":87},[69,19718,166],{"class":83},[69,19720,19721,19723,19725,19727],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,19722,172],{"class":128},[69,19724,132],{"class":83},[69,19726,19458],{"class":146},[69,19728,166],{"class":83},[377,19730,1780,19732,19734],{"id":19731},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19733,17907],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19736,19737,19739],{},[15,19738,17912],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[60,19741,19743],{"className":62,"code":19742,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19744,19745,19765,19799,19803,19813],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,19746,19747,19749,19751,19753,19755,19757,19759,19761,19763],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,19748,12777],{"class":75},[69,19750,80],{"class":79},[69,19752,11177],{"class":83},[69,19754,871],{"class":699},[69,19756,2904],{"class":703},[69,19758,871],{"class":699},[69,19760,143],{"class":83},[69,19762,1263],{"class":87},[69,19764,9994],{"class":83},[69,19766,19767,19769,19771,19773,19775,19777,19779,19781,19783,19785,19787,19789,19791,19793,19795,19797],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,19768,13730],{"class":75},[69,19770,80],{"class":79},[69,19772,9857],{"class":177},[69,19774,537],{"class":83},[69,19776,17972],{"class":146},[69,19778,3710],{"class":83},[69,19780,871],{"class":699},[69,19782,533],{"class":703},[69,19784,871],{"class":699},[69,19786,91],{"class":83},[69,19788,881],{"class":699},[69,19790,5465],{"class":703},[69,19792,871],{"class":699},[69,19794,18752],{"class":83},[69,19796,158],{"class":87},[69,19798,166],{"class":83},[69,19800,19801],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,19802,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,19804,19805,19807,19809,19811],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,19806,172],{"class":128},[69,19808,132],{"class":83},[69,19810,12824],{"class":146},[69,19812,166],{"class":83},[69,19814,19815,19817,19819,19822],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,19816,172],{"class":128},[69,19818,132],{"class":83},[69,19820,19821],{"class":146},"new_dict",[69,19823,166],{"class":83},[20,19825,321],{},[60,19827,19829],{"className":62,"code":19828,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19830,19831,19847],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,19832,19833,19835,19837,19839,19841,19843,19845],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,19834,9964],{"class":83},[69,19836,706],{"class":699},[69,19838,2904],{"class":703},[69,19840,706],{"class":699},[69,19842,143],{"class":83},[69,19844,1263],{"class":87},[69,19846,9994],{"class":83},[69,19848,19849,19851,19853,19855,19857,19859,19861,19863,19865,19867,19869,19871,19873],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,19850,9964],{"class":83},[69,19852,706],{"class":699},[69,19854,533],{"class":703},[69,19856,706],{"class":699},[69,19858,143],{"class":83},[69,19860,158],{"class":87},[69,19862,91],{"class":83},[69,19864,700],{"class":699},[69,19866,5465],{"class":703},[69,19868,706],{"class":699},[69,19870,143],{"class":83},[69,19872,158],{"class":87},[69,19874,9994],{"class":83},[20,19876,19877,19878,537],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[533,19879,11424,19880,11428],{"href":14725},[15,19881,15646],{},[377,19883,19885,19886],{"id":19884},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19887,1181],{},[60,19889,19891],{"className":62,"code":19890,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19892,19893,19923],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,19894,19895,19897,19899,19901,19903,19905,19907,19909,19911,19913,19915,19917,19919,19921],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,19896,19425],{"class":75},[69,19898,80],{"class":79},[69,19900,9857],{"class":177},[69,19902,537],{"class":83},[69,19904,17972],{"class":146},[69,19906,3710],{"class":83},[69,19908,871],{"class":699},[69,19910,2904],{"class":703},[69,19912,871],{"class":699},[69,19914,91],{"class":83},[69,19916,881],{"class":699},[69,19918,12436],{"class":703},[69,19920,871],{"class":699},[69,19922,618],{"class":83},[69,19924,19925,19927,19929,19931],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,19926,172],{"class":128},[69,19928,132],{"class":83},[69,19930,19458],{"class":146},[69,19932,166],{"class":83},[20,19934,321],{},[60,19936,19938],{"className":62,"code":19937,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19939,19940],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,19941,19942,19944,19946,19948,19950,19952,19954,19956,19958,19960,19962,19964,19966],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,19943,9964],{"class":83},[69,19945,706],{"class":699},[69,19947,2904],{"class":703},[69,19949,706],{"class":699},[69,19951,143],{"class":83},[69,19953,1282],{"class":1203},[69,19955,91],{"class":83},[69,19957,700],{"class":699},[69,19959,12436],{"class":703},[69,19961,706],{"class":699},[69,19963,143],{"class":83},[69,19965,1282],{"class":1203},[69,19967,9994],{"class":83},[20,19969,19970,19971,537],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19972,1181],{},[55,19974,19976],{"id":19975},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19978,19979,19980,19982],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19981,17907],{}," works.",[60,19984,19986],{"className":62,"code":19985,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19987,19988],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,19989,19990,19992,19994,19996,19998,20000,20002,20004,20006,20008,20010,20012,20014,20016,20018,20020],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,19991,172],{"class":128},[69,19993,132],{"class":83},[69,19995,9507],{"class":177},[69,19997,537],{"class":83},[69,19999,17972],{"class":146},[69,20001,3710],{"class":83},[69,20003,871],{"class":699},[69,20005,533],{"class":703},[69,20007,871],{"class":699},[69,20009,91],{"class":83},[69,20011,881],{"class":699},[69,20013,5465],{"class":703},[69,20015,871],{"class":699},[69,20017,18752],{"class":83},[69,20019,158],{"class":87},[69,20021,318],{"class":83},[60,20023,20024],{"className":62,"code":19890,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,20025,20026,20056],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,20027,20028,20030,20032,20034,20036,20038,20040,20042,20044,20046,20048,20050,20052,20054],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,20029,19425],{"class":75},[69,20031,80],{"class":79},[69,20033,9857],{"class":177},[69,20035,537],{"class":83},[69,20037,17972],{"class":146},[69,20039,3710],{"class":83},[69,20041,871],{"class":699},[69,20043,2904],{"class":703},[69,20045,871],{"class":699},[69,20047,91],{"class":83},[69,20049,881],{"class":699},[69,20051,12436],{"class":703},[69,20053,871],{"class":699},[69,20055,618],{"class":83},[69,20057,20058,20060,20062,20064],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,20059,172],{"class":128},[69,20061,132],{"class":83},[69,20063,19458],{"class":146},[69,20065,166],{"class":83},[60,20067,20068],{"className":62,"code":19418,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,20069,20070,20102,20124],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,20071,20072,20074,20076,20078,20080,20082,20084,20086,20088,20090,20092,20094,20096,20098,20100],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,20073,19425],{"class":75},[69,20075,80],{"class":79},[69,20077,9857],{"class":177},[69,20079,537],{"class":83},[69,20081,17972],{"class":146},[69,20083,3710],{"class":83},[69,20085,871],{"class":699},[69,20087,533],{"class":703},[69,20089,871],{"class":699},[69,20091,91],{"class":83},[69,20093,881],{"class":699},[69,20095,5465],{"class":703},[69,20097,871],{"class":699},[69,20099,18752],{"class":83},[69,20101,18686],{"class":83},[69,20103,20104,20106,20108,20110,20112,20114,20116,20118,20120,20122],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,20105,19458],{"class":75},[69,20107,331],{"class":83},[69,20109,871],{"class":699},[69,20111,533],{"class":703},[69,20113,871],{"class":699},[69,20115,14243],{"class":83},[69,20117,1606],{"class":146},[69,20119,132],{"class":83},[69,20121,88],{"class":87},[69,20123,166],{"class":83},[69,20125,20126,20128,20130,20132],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,20127,172],{"class":128},[69,20129,132],{"class":83},[69,20131,19458],{"class":146},[69,20133,166],{"class":83},[60,20135,20137],{"className":62,"code":20136,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,20138,20139],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,20140,20141,20143,20145,20147,20149,20151,20153,20155,20157,20159,20161,20163,20165,20167,20169,20171,20173,20175],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,20142,172],{"class":128},[69,20144,132],{"class":83},[69,20146,641],{"class":177},[69,20148,132],{"class":83},[69,20150,9507],{"class":177},[69,20152,537],{"class":83},[69,20154,17972],{"class":146},[69,20156,3710],{"class":83},[69,20158,88],{"class":87},[69,20160,91],{"class":83},[69,20162,94],{"class":87},[69,20164,91],{"class":83},[69,20166,99],{"class":87},[69,20168,18752],{"class":83},[69,20170,881],{"class":699},[69,20172,3198],{"class":703},[69,20174,871],{"class":699},[69,20176,2019],{"class":83},[55,20178,2519],{"id":2518},[377,20180,2523,20182,20184],{"id":20181},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,20183,17907],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,20186,20187],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[377,20189,20191],{"id":20190},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,20193,20194,20195,537],{},"Each key gets ",[15,20196,1181],{},[377,20198,20200],{"id":20199},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,20202,20203],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[377,20205,20207],{"id":20206},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,20209,18842],{},[60,20211,20213],{"className":62,"code":20212,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,20214,20215,20247],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,20216,20217,20219,20221,20223,20225,20227,20229,20231,20233,20235,20237,20239,20241,20243,20245],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,20218,17931],{"class":75},[69,20220,80],{"class":79},[69,20222,84],{"class":83},[69,20224,871],{"class":699},[69,20226,533],{"class":703},[69,20228,871],{"class":699},[69,20230,91],{"class":83},[69,20232,881],{"class":699},[69,20234,5465],{"class":703},[69,20236,871],{"class":699},[69,20238,91],{"class":83},[69,20240,881],{"class":699},[69,20242,10425],{"class":703},[69,20244,871],{"class":699},[69,20246,117],{"class":83},[69,20248,20249,20251,20253,20255,20257,20259,20261,20263,20265,20267,20269],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,20250,9852],{"class":75},[69,20252,80],{"class":79},[69,20254,11177],{"class":83},[69,20256,15533],{"class":75},[69,20258,143],{"class":83},[69,20260,18894],{"class":83},[69,20262,4587],{"class":1053},[69,20264,18899],{"class":75},[69,20266,1574],{"class":1053},[69,20268,18904],{"class":75},[69,20270,9994],{"class":83},[55,20272,2620],{"id":2619},[29,20274,20275,20279,20283,20287,20293],{},[32,20276,20277],{},[533,20278,11931],{"href":13718},[32,20280,20281],{},[533,20282,9842],{"href":13715},[32,20284,20285],{},[533,20286,11940],{"href":18593},[32,20288,20289],{},[533,20290,11424,20291,11428],{"href":14725},[15,20292,15646],{},[32,20294,20295],{},[533,20296,11424,20297,11428],{"href":15691},[15,20298,13468],{},[20,20300,1378,20301,20303],{},[15,20302,17912],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2650,20305,20306],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":20308},[20309,20310,20312,20316,20317,20319,20324,20326,20333,20342,20343,20350],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":18012,"depth":120,"text":20311},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":18056,"depth":120,"text":18057,"children":20313},[20314,20315],{"id":18083,"depth":169,"text":18084},{"id":18107,"depth":169,"text":18108},{"id":6484,"depth":120,"text":6485},{"id":18268,"depth":120,"text":20318},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18597,"depth":120,"text":18598,"children":20320},[20321,20322,20323],{"id":18627,"depth":169,"text":18628},{"id":18790,"depth":169,"text":18791},{"id":18838,"depth":169,"text":18839},{"id":19002,"depth":120,"text":20325},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":19160,"depth":120,"text":20327,"children":20328},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[20329,20331,20332],{"id":19171,"depth":169,"text":20330},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":19236,"depth":169,"text":19237},{"id":19310,"depth":169,"text":19311},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771,"children":20334},[20335,20336,20338,20340],{"id":19414,"depth":169,"text":19415},{"id":19597,"depth":169,"text":20337},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19731,"depth":169,"text":20339},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19884,"depth":169,"text":20341},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19975,"depth":120,"text":19976},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":20344},[20345,20347,20348,20349],{"id":20181,"depth":169,"text":20346},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":20190,"depth":169,"text":20191},{"id":20199,"depth":169,"text":20200},{"id":20206,"depth":169,"text":20207},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17899,"description":20351},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":20358,"title":20359,"body":20360,"description":22188,"extension":2697,"meta":22189,"navigation":272,"path":22190,"seo":22191,"stem":22192,"__hash__":22193},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":20361,"toc":22155},[20362,20367,20373,20384,20514,20521,20526,20530,20546,20548,20646,20649,20666,20670,20672,20677,20715,20718,20736,20738,20856,20861,20865,20881,20884,21020,21023,21028,21034,21037,21074,21077,21081,21086,21162,21166,21171,21253,21255,21271,21276,21280,21286,21355,21358,21375,21378,21460,21465,21468,21488,21492,21497,21503,21509,21580,21583,21589,21592,21666,21673,21679,21687,21697,21699,21794,21800,21805,21892,21898,21900,21905,21927,21930,22025,22028,22059,22072,22074,22082,22088,22094,22097,22103,22108,22114,22119,22121,22152],[10,20363,12007,20365,12011],{"id":20364},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,20366,11427],{},[20,20368,20369,20370,20372],{},"The dictionary ",[15,20371,11427],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,20374,20375,20376,2920,20379,1172,20381,20383],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,20377,20378],{},"KeyError",[15,20380,11427],{},[15,20382,1181],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[60,20385,20387],{"className":62,"code":20386,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,20388,20389,20425,20429,20455,20480],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,20390,20391,20393,20395,20397,20399,20401,20403,20405,20407,20409,20411,20413,20415,20417,20419,20421,20423],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,20392,13897],{"class":75},[69,20394,80],{"class":79},[69,20396,11177],{"class":83},[69,20398,871],{"class":699},[69,20400,8356],{"class":703},[69,20402,871],{"class":699},[69,20404,143],{"class":83},[69,20406,881],{"class":699},[69,20408,13572],{"class":703},[69,20410,871],{"class":699},[69,20412,91],{"class":83},[69,20414,881],{"class":699},[69,20416,9985],{"class":703},[69,20418,871],{"class":699},[69,20420,143],{"class":83},[69,20422,459],{"class":87},[69,20424,9994],{"class":83},[69,20426,20427],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,20428,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,20430,20431,20433,20435,20437,20439,20442,20444,20446,20448,20450,20452],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,20432,172],{"class":128},[69,20434,132],{"class":83},[69,20436,17996],{"class":146},[69,20438,537],{"class":83},[69,20440,20441],{"class":146},"get",[69,20443,132],{"class":83},[69,20445,871],{"class":699},[69,20447,8356],{"class":703},[69,20449,871],{"class":699},[69,20451,186],{"class":83},[69,20453,20454],{"class":189},"           # Ana\n",[69,20456,20457,20459,20461,20463,20465,20467,20469,20471,20473,20475,20477],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,20458,172],{"class":128},[69,20460,132],{"class":83},[69,20462,17996],{"class":146},[69,20464,537],{"class":83},[69,20466,20441],{"class":146},[69,20468,132],{"class":83},[69,20470,871],{"class":699},[69,20472,11095],{"class":703},[69,20474,871],{"class":699},[69,20476,186],{"class":83},[69,20478,20479],{"class":189},"           # None\n",[69,20481,20482,20484,20486,20488,20490,20492,20494,20496,20498,20500,20502,20504,20507,20509,20511],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,20483,172],{"class":128},[69,20485,132],{"class":83},[69,20487,17996],{"class":146},[69,20489,537],{"class":83},[69,20491,20441],{"class":146},[69,20493,132],{"class":83},[69,20495,871],{"class":699},[69,20497,11095],{"class":703},[69,20499,871],{"class":699},[69,20501,91],{"class":83},[69,20503,881],{"class":699},[69,20505,20506],{"class":703},"N\u002FA",[69,20508,871],{"class":699},[69,20510,186],{"class":83},[69,20512,20513],{"class":189},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,20515,1378,20516,20518,20519,537],{},[15,20517,11427],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,20520,20378],{},[55,20522,202,20524,205],{"id":20523},"what-get-does",[15,20525,11427],{},[20,20527,2714,20528,12102],{},[15,20529,11427],{},[29,20531,20532,20535,20540,20543],{},[32,20533,20534],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[32,20536,12113,20537,20539],{},[15,20538,1181],{}," if the key does not exist",[32,20541,20542],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[32,20544,20545],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,20547,234],{},[60,20549,20551],{"className":62,"code":20550,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,20552,20553,20592,20596,20621],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,20554,20555,20557,20559,20561,20563,20565,20567,20569,20571,20574,20576,20578,20580,20583,20585,20587,20590],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,20556,13555],{"class":75},[69,20558,80],{"class":79},[69,20560,11177],{"class":83},[69,20562,871],{"class":699},[69,20564,8356],{"class":703},[69,20566,871],{"class":699},[69,20568,143],{"class":83},[69,20570,881],{"class":699},[69,20572,20573],{"class":703},"Lina",[69,20575,871],{"class":699},[69,20577,91],{"class":83},[69,20579,881],{"class":699},[69,20581,20582],{"class":703},"grade",[69,20584,871],{"class":699},[69,20586,143],{"class":83},[69,20588,20589],{"class":87}," 90",[69,20591,9994],{"class":83},[69,20593,20594],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,20595,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,20597,20598,20600,20602,20604,20606,20608,20610,20612,20614,20616,20618],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,20599,172],{"class":128},[69,20601,132],{"class":83},[69,20603,14318],{"class":146},[69,20605,537],{"class":83},[69,20607,20441],{"class":146},[69,20609,132],{"class":83},[69,20611,871],{"class":699},[69,20613,8356],{"class":703},[69,20615,871],{"class":699},[69,20617,186],{"class":83},[69,20619,20620],{"class":189},"     # Lina\n",[69,20622,20623,20625,20627,20629,20631,20633,20635,20637,20639,20641,20643],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,20624,172],{"class":128},[69,20626,132],{"class":83},[69,20628,14318],{"class":146},[69,20630,537],{"class":83},[69,20632,20441],{"class":146},[69,20634,132],{"class":83},[69,20636,871],{"class":699},[69,20638,15950],{"class":703},[69,20640,871],{"class":699},[69,20642,186],{"class":83},[69,20644,20645],{"class":189},"    # None\n",[20,20647,20648],{},"In this example:",[29,20650,20651,20656],{},[32,20652,20653,20655],{},[15,20654,15931],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[32,20657,20658,20661,20662,1172,20664],{},[15,20659,20660],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20663,11427],{},[15,20665,1181],{},[20,20667,13712,20668,537],{},[533,20669,9842],{"href":9841},[55,20671,2888],{"id":2887},[20,20673,20674,20675,143],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20676,11427],{},[60,20678,20680],{"className":62,"code":20679,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20681,20682,20696],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,20683,20684,20686,20688,20690,20692,20694],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,20685,16296],{"class":75},[69,20687,537],{"class":83},[69,20689,20441],{"class":146},[69,20691,132],{"class":83},[69,20693,15533],{"class":146},[69,20695,166],{"class":83},[69,20697,20698,20700,20702,20704,20706,20708,20710,20713],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,20699,16296],{"class":75},[69,20701,537],{"class":83},[69,20703,20441],{"class":146},[69,20705,132],{"class":83},[69,20707,15533],{"class":146},[69,20709,91],{"class":83},[69,20711,20712],{"class":146}," default_value",[69,20714,166],{"class":83},[20,20716,20717],{},"What each part means:",[29,20719,20720,20725,20731],{},[32,20721,20722,20724],{},[15,20723,15533],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[32,20726,20727,20730],{},[15,20728,20729],{},"default_value"," is optional",[32,20732,20733,20734],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20735,1181],{},[20,20737,234],{},[60,20739,20741],{"className":62,"code":20740,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20742,20743,20767,20771,20796,20822],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,20744,20745,20747,20749,20751,20753,20755,20757,20759,20761,20763,20765],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,20746,14518],{"class":75},[69,20748,80],{"class":79},[69,20750,11177],{"class":83},[69,20752,871],{"class":699},[69,20754,13186],{"class":703},[69,20756,871],{"class":699},[69,20758,143],{"class":83},[69,20760,881],{"class":699},[69,20762,13195],{"class":703},[69,20764,871],{"class":699},[69,20766,9994],{"class":83},[69,20768,20769],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,20770,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,20772,20773,20775,20777,20779,20781,20783,20785,20787,20789,20791,20793],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,20774,172],{"class":128},[69,20776,132],{"class":83},[69,20778,14577],{"class":146},[69,20780,537],{"class":83},[69,20782,20441],{"class":146},[69,20784,132],{"class":83},[69,20786,871],{"class":699},[69,20788,13186],{"class":703},[69,20790,871],{"class":699},[69,20792,186],{"class":83},[69,20794,20795],{"class":189},"            # dark\n",[69,20797,20798,20800,20802,20804,20806,20808,20810,20812,20815,20817,20819],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,20799,172],{"class":128},[69,20801,132],{"class":83},[69,20803,14577],{"class":146},[69,20805,537],{"class":83},[69,20807,20441],{"class":146},[69,20809,132],{"class":83},[69,20811,871],{"class":699},[69,20813,20814],{"class":703},"language",[69,20816,871],{"class":699},[69,20818,186],{"class":83},[69,20820,20821],{"class":189},"         # None\n",[69,20823,20824,20826,20828,20830,20832,20834,20836,20838,20840,20842,20844,20846,20849,20851,20853],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,20825,172],{"class":128},[69,20827,132],{"class":83},[69,20829,14577],{"class":146},[69,20831,537],{"class":83},[69,20833,20441],{"class":146},[69,20835,132],{"class":83},[69,20837,871],{"class":699},[69,20839,20814],{"class":703},[69,20841,871],{"class":699},[69,20843,91],{"class":83},[69,20845,881],{"class":699},[69,20847,20848],{"class":703},"en",[69,20850,871],{"class":699},[69,20852,186],{"class":83},[69,20854,20855],{"class":189},"   # en\n",[55,20857,1373,20859],{"id":20858},"when-to-use-get",[15,20860,11427],{},[20,20862,1378,20863,11288],{},[15,20864,11427],{},[29,20866,20867,20870,20875,20878],{},[32,20868,20869],{},"A key might not exist",[32,20871,20872,20873],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20874,20378],{},[32,20876,20877],{},"You are reading optional data",[32,20879,20880],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20882,20883],{},"Example with optional user data:",[60,20885,20887],{"className":62,"code":20886,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20888,20889,20931,20935,20960,20986],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,20890,20891,20893,20895,20897,20899,20901,20903,20905,20907,20910,20912,20914,20916,20918,20920,20922,20924,20927,20929],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,20892,12178],{"class":75},[69,20894,80],{"class":79},[69,20896,11177],{"class":83},[69,20898,871],{"class":699},[69,20900,8672],{"class":703},[69,20902,871],{"class":699},[69,20904,143],{"class":83},[69,20906,881],{"class":699},[69,20908,20909],{"class":703},"sam",[69,20911,871],{"class":699},[69,20913,91],{"class":83},[69,20915,881],{"class":699},[69,20917,15950],{"class":703},[69,20919,871],{"class":699},[69,20921,143],{"class":83},[69,20923,881],{"class":699},[69,20925,20926],{"class":703},"sam@example.com",[69,20928,871],{"class":699},[69,20930,9994],{"class":83},[69,20932,20933],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,20934,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,20936,20937,20939,20941,20943,20945,20947,20949,20951,20953,20955,20957],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,20938,172],{"class":128},[69,20940,132],{"class":83},[69,20942,12272],{"class":146},[69,20944,537],{"class":83},[69,20946,20441],{"class":146},[69,20948,132],{"class":83},[69,20950,871],{"class":699},[69,20952,8672],{"class":703},[69,20954,871],{"class":699},[69,20956,186],{"class":83},[69,20958,20959],{"class":189},"              # sam\n",[69,20961,20962,20964,20966,20968,20970,20972,20974,20976,20979,20981,20983],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,20963,172],{"class":128},[69,20965,132],{"class":83},[69,20967,12272],{"class":146},[69,20969,537],{"class":83},[69,20971,20441],{"class":146},[69,20973,132],{"class":83},[69,20975,871],{"class":699},[69,20977,20978],{"class":703},"phone",[69,20980,871],{"class":699},[69,20982,186],{"class":83},[69,20984,20985],{"class":189},"                 # None\n",[69,20987,20988,20990,20992,20994,20996,20998,21000,21002,21004,21006,21008,21010,21013,21015,21017],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,20989,172],{"class":128},[69,20991,132],{"class":83},[69,20993,12272],{"class":146},[69,20995,537],{"class":83},[69,20997,20441],{"class":146},[69,20999,132],{"class":83},[69,21001,871],{"class":699},[69,21003,20978],{"class":703},[69,21005,871],{"class":699},[69,21007,91],{"class":83},[69,21009,881],{"class":699},[69,21011,21012],{"class":703},"Not provided",[69,21014,871],{"class":699},[69,21016,186],{"class":83},[69,21018,21019],{"class":189}," # Not provided\n",[20,21021,21022],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,21024,21025,21026,537],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[533,21027,17289],{"href":17288},[55,21029,21031,21033],{"id":21030},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,21032,11427],{}," vs square brackets",[20,21035,21036],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[60,21038,21040],{"className":62,"code":21039,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,21041,21042,21056],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,21043,21044,21046,21048,21050,21052,21054],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,21045,9891],{"class":75},[69,21047,331],{"class":83},[69,21049,871],{"class":699},[69,21051,15533],{"class":703},[69,21053,871],{"class":699},[69,21055,117],{"class":83},[69,21057,21058,21060,21062,21064,21066,21068,21070,21072],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,21059,9891],{"class":75},[69,21061,537],{"class":83},[69,21063,20441],{"class":146},[69,21065,132],{"class":83},[69,21067,871],{"class":699},[69,21069,15533],{"class":703},[69,21071,871],{"class":699},[69,21073,166],{"class":83},[20,21075,21076],{},"The difference is important.",[377,21078,21080],{"id":21079},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,21082,21083,21084,537],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,21085,20378],{},[60,21087,21089],{"className":62,"code":21088,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,21090,21091,21115,21119,21141],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,21092,21093,21095,21097,21099,21101,21103,21105,21107,21109,21111,21113],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,21094,9852],{"class":75},[69,21096,80],{"class":79},[69,21098,11177],{"class":83},[69,21100,871],{"class":699},[69,21102,8356],{"class":703},[69,21104,871],{"class":699},[69,21106,143],{"class":83},[69,21108,881],{"class":699},[69,21110,13572],{"class":703},[69,21112,871],{"class":699},[69,21114,9994],{"class":83},[69,21116,21117],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,21118,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,21120,21121,21123,21125,21127,21129,21131,21133,21135,21138],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,21122,172],{"class":128},[69,21124,132],{"class":83},[69,21126,9891],{"class":146},[69,21128,331],{"class":83},[69,21130,871],{"class":699},[69,21132,8356],{"class":703},[69,21134,871],{"class":699},[69,21136,21137],{"class":83},"])",[69,21139,21140],{"class":189},"   # Ana\n",[69,21142,21143,21145,21147,21149,21151,21153,21155,21157,21159],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,21144,172],{"class":128},[69,21146,132],{"class":83},[69,21148,9891],{"class":146},[69,21150,331],{"class":83},[69,21152,871],{"class":699},[69,21154,11095],{"class":703},[69,21156,871],{"class":699},[69,21158,21137],{"class":83},[69,21160,21161],{"class":189},"   # KeyError\n",[377,21163,21164],{"id":20441},[15,21165,11427],{},[20,21167,21168,21170],{},[15,21169,11427],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[60,21172,21174],{"className":62,"code":21173,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,21175,21176,21200,21204,21228],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,21177,21178,21180,21182,21184,21186,21188,21190,21192,21194,21196,21198],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,21179,9852],{"class":75},[69,21181,80],{"class":79},[69,21183,11177],{"class":83},[69,21185,871],{"class":699},[69,21187,8356],{"class":703},[69,21189,871],{"class":699},[69,21191,143],{"class":83},[69,21193,881],{"class":699},[69,21195,13572],{"class":703},[69,21197,871],{"class":699},[69,21199,9994],{"class":83},[69,21201,21202],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,21203,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,21205,21206,21208,21210,21212,21214,21216,21218,21220,21222,21224,21226],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,21207,172],{"class":128},[69,21209,132],{"class":83},[69,21211,9891],{"class":146},[69,21213,537],{"class":83},[69,21215,20441],{"class":146},[69,21217,132],{"class":83},[69,21219,871],{"class":699},[69,21221,8356],{"class":703},[69,21223,871],{"class":699},[69,21225,186],{"class":83},[69,21227,21140],{"class":189},[69,21229,21230,21232,21234,21236,21238,21240,21242,21244,21246,21248,21250],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,21231,172],{"class":128},[69,21233,132],{"class":83},[69,21235,9891],{"class":146},[69,21237,537],{"class":83},[69,21239,20441],{"class":146},[69,21241,132],{"class":83},[69,21243,871],{"class":699},[69,21245,11095],{"class":703},[69,21247,871],{"class":699},[69,21249,186],{"class":83},[69,21251,21252],{"class":189},"   # None\n",[20,21254,19385],{},[29,21256,21257,21263],{},[32,21258,21259,21260],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[42,21261,21262],{},"must exist",[32,21264,21265,21267,21268],{},[15,21266,11427],{}," when the key is ",[42,21269,21270],{},"optional",[20,21272,21273,21274,537],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[533,21275,11951],{"href":11762},[55,21277,21279],{"id":21278},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,21281,21282,21283,21285],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,21284,11427],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[60,21287,21289],{"className":62,"code":21288,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,21290,21291,21316,21320],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,21292,21293,21296,21298,21300,21302,21304,21306,21308,21310,21312,21314],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,21294,21295],{"class":75},"profile ",[69,21297,80],{"class":79},[69,21299,11177],{"class":83},[69,21301,871],{"class":699},[69,21303,8356],{"class":703},[69,21305,871],{"class":699},[69,21307,143],{"class":83},[69,21309,881],{"class":699},[69,21311,8608],{"class":703},[69,21313,871],{"class":699},[69,21315,9994],{"class":83},[69,21317,21318],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,21319,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,21321,21322,21324,21326,21329,21331,21333,21335,21337,21339,21341,21343,21345,21348,21350,21352],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,21323,172],{"class":128},[69,21325,132],{"class":83},[69,21327,21328],{"class":146},"profile",[69,21330,537],{"class":83},[69,21332,20441],{"class":146},[69,21334,132],{"class":83},[69,21336,871],{"class":699},[69,21338,15953],{"class":703},[69,21340,871],{"class":699},[69,21342,91],{"class":83},[69,21344,881],{"class":699},[69,21346,21347],{"class":703},"Unknown",[69,21349,871],{"class":699},[69,21351,186],{"class":83},[69,21353,21354],{"class":189},"  # Unknown\n",[20,21356,21357],{},"This is useful for display text:",[29,21359,21360,21365,21370],{},[32,21361,21362],{},[15,21363,21364],{},"\"Unknown\"",[32,21366,21367],{},[15,21368,21369],{},"\"Not set\"",[32,21371,21372],{},[15,21373,21374],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,21376,21377],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[60,21379,21381],{"className":62,"code":21380,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,21382,21383,21415,21419,21446],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,21384,21385,21387,21389,21391,21393,21395,21397,21399,21401,21403,21405,21407,21409,21411,21413],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,21386,5768],{"class":75},[69,21388,80],{"class":79},[69,21390,11177],{"class":83},[69,21392,871],{"class":699},[69,21394,19107],{"class":703},[69,21396,871],{"class":699},[69,21398,143],{"class":83},[69,21400,6701],{"class":87},[69,21402,91],{"class":83},[69,21404,881],{"class":699},[69,21406,19116],{"class":703},[69,21408,871],{"class":699},[69,21410,143],{"class":83},[69,21412,2504],{"class":87},[69,21414,9994],{"class":83},[69,21416,21417],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,21418,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,21420,21421,21424,21426,21428,21430,21432,21434,21436,21438,21440,21442,21444],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,21422,21423],{"class":75},"total_history ",[69,21425,80],{"class":79},[69,21427,5814],{"class":75},[69,21429,537],{"class":83},[69,21431,20441],{"class":146},[69,21433,132],{"class":83},[69,21435,871],{"class":699},[69,21437,19125],{"class":703},[69,21439,871],{"class":699},[69,21441,91],{"class":83},[69,21443,158],{"class":87},[69,21445,166],{"class":83},[69,21447,21448,21450,21452,21455,21457],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,21449,172],{"class":128},[69,21451,132],{"class":83},[69,21453,21454],{"class":146},"total_history",[69,21456,938],{"class":83},[69,21458,21459],{"class":189},"   # 0\n",[20,21461,1168,21462,21464],{},[15,21463,1226],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,21466,21467],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[29,21469,21470,21473,21478,21483],{},[32,21471,21472],{},"Use a string for text",[32,21474,1378,21475,21477],{},[15,21476,1226],{}," for numbers",[32,21479,1378,21480,21482],{},[15,21481,4500],{}," for lists if needed",[32,21484,1378,21485,21487],{},[15,21486,4505],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[55,21489,21491],{"id":21490},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,21493,21494,21495,537],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,21496,11427],{},[377,21498,21500,21502],{"id":21499},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,21501,11427],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,21504,21505,21506,21508],{},"This code does ",[42,21507,5334],{}," create a new key:",[60,21510,21512],{"className":62,"code":21511,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,21513,21514,21538,21542,21567],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,21515,21516,21518,21520,21522,21524,21526,21528,21530,21532,21534,21536],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,21517,13897],{"class":75},[69,21519,80],{"class":79},[69,21521,11177],{"class":83},[69,21523,871],{"class":699},[69,21525,8356],{"class":703},[69,21527,871],{"class":699},[69,21529,143],{"class":83},[69,21531,881],{"class":699},[69,21533,13572],{"class":703},[69,21535,871],{"class":699},[69,21537,9994],{"class":83},[69,21539,21540],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,21541,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,21543,21544,21546,21548,21550,21552,21554,21556,21558,21560,21562,21564],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,21545,172],{"class":128},[69,21547,132],{"class":83},[69,21549,17996],{"class":146},[69,21551,537],{"class":83},[69,21553,20441],{"class":146},[69,21555,132],{"class":83},[69,21557,871],{"class":699},[69,21559,11095],{"class":703},[69,21561,871],{"class":699},[69,21563,186],{"class":83},[69,21565,21566],{"class":189},"  # None\n",[69,21568,21569,21571,21573,21575,21577],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,21570,172],{"class":128},[69,21572,132],{"class":83},[69,21574,17996],{"class":146},[69,21576,938],{"class":83},[69,21578,21579],{"class":189},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,21581,21582],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[377,21584,21586,21588],{"id":21585},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,21587,11427],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,21590,21591],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[60,21593,21595],{"className":62,"code":21594,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21596,21597,21623,21627,21653],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,21598,21599,21601,21603,21605,21607,21610,21612,21614,21616,21619,21621],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,21600,14518],{"class":75},[69,21602,80],{"class":79},[69,21604,11177],{"class":83},[69,21606,871],{"class":699},[69,21608,21609],{"class":703},"mode",[69,21611,871],{"class":699},[69,21613,143],{"class":83},[69,21615,881],{"class":699},[69,21617,21618],{"class":703},"light",[69,21620,871],{"class":699},[69,21622,9994],{"class":83},[69,21624,21625],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,21626,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,21628,21629,21631,21633,21635,21637,21639,21641,21643,21645,21647,21649,21651],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,21630,14577],{"class":75},[69,21632,537],{"class":83},[69,21634,20441],{"class":146},[69,21636,132],{"class":83},[69,21638,871],{"class":699},[69,21640,13186],{"class":703},[69,21642,871],{"class":699},[69,21644,91],{"class":83},[69,21646,881],{"class":699},[69,21648,13195],{"class":703},[69,21650,871],{"class":699},[69,21652,166],{"class":83},[69,21654,21655,21657,21659,21661,21663],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,21656,172],{"class":128},[69,21658,132],{"class":83},[69,21660,14577],{"class":146},[69,21662,938],{"class":83},[69,21664,21665],{"class":189},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21667,21668,21669,21672],{},"Even though ",[15,21670,21671],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[377,21674,21676,21677],{"id":21675},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21678,1181],{},[20,21680,21681,21682,1172,21684,21686],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21683,11427],{},[15,21685,1181],{}," because:",[29,21688,21689,21692],{},[32,21690,21691],{},"The key is missing, or",[32,21693,21694,21695],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21696,1181],{},[20,21698,234],{},[60,21700,21702],{"className":62,"code":21701,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21703,21704,21741,21745,21769],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,21705,21706,21708,21710,21712,21714,21716,21718,21720,21722,21724,21726,21728,21730,21733,21735,21737,21739],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,21707,9852],{"class":75},[69,21709,80],{"class":79},[69,21711,11177],{"class":83},[69,21713,871],{"class":699},[69,21715,8356],{"class":703},[69,21717,871],{"class":699},[69,21719,143],{"class":83},[69,21721,881],{"class":699},[69,21723,13572],{"class":703},[69,21725,871],{"class":699},[69,21727,91],{"class":83},[69,21729,881],{"class":699},[69,21731,21732],{"class":703},"nickname",[69,21734,871],{"class":699},[69,21736,143],{"class":83},[69,21738,1282],{"class":1203},[69,21740,9994],{"class":83},[69,21742,21743],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,21744,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,21746,21747,21749,21751,21753,21755,21757,21759,21761,21763,21765,21767],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,21748,172],{"class":128},[69,21750,132],{"class":83},[69,21752,9891],{"class":146},[69,21754,537],{"class":83},[69,21756,20441],{"class":146},[69,21758,132],{"class":83},[69,21760,871],{"class":699},[69,21762,21732],{"class":703},[69,21764,871],{"class":699},[69,21766,186],{"class":83},[69,21768,21566],{"class":189},[69,21770,21771,21773,21775,21777,21779,21781,21783,21785,21787,21789,21791],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,21772,172],{"class":128},[69,21774,132],{"class":83},[69,21776,9891],{"class":146},[69,21778,537],{"class":83},[69,21780,20441],{"class":146},[69,21782,132],{"class":83},[69,21784,871],{"class":699},[69,21786,11095],{"class":703},[69,21788,871],{"class":699},[69,21790,186],{"class":83},[69,21792,21793],{"class":189},"      # None\n",[20,21795,21796,21797,21799],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21798,1181],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21801,21802,21803,143],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21804,1574],{},[60,21806,21808],{"className":62,"code":21807,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21809,21810,21846,21850,21871],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,21811,21812,21814,21816,21818,21820,21822,21824,21826,21828,21830,21832,21834,21836,21838,21840,21842,21844],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,21813,9852],{"class":75},[69,21815,80],{"class":79},[69,21817,11177],{"class":83},[69,21819,871],{"class":699},[69,21821,8356],{"class":703},[69,21823,871],{"class":699},[69,21825,143],{"class":83},[69,21827,881],{"class":699},[69,21829,13572],{"class":703},[69,21831,871],{"class":699},[69,21833,91],{"class":83},[69,21835,881],{"class":699},[69,21837,21732],{"class":703},[69,21839,871],{"class":699},[69,21841,143],{"class":83},[69,21843,1282],{"class":1203},[69,21845,9994],{"class":83},[69,21847,21848],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,21849,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,21851,21852,21854,21856,21858,21860,21862,21865,21867,21869],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,21853,172],{"class":128},[69,21855,132],{"class":83},[69,21857,871],{"class":699},[69,21859,21732],{"class":703},[69,21861,871],{"class":699},[69,21863,21864],{"class":1053}," in",[69,21866,15259],{"class":146},[69,21868,938],{"class":83},[69,21870,4381],{"class":189},[69,21872,21873,21875,21877,21879,21881,21883,21885,21887,21889],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,21874,172],{"class":128},[69,21876,132],{"class":83},[69,21878,871],{"class":699},[69,21880,11095],{"class":703},[69,21882,871],{"class":699},[69,21884,21864],{"class":1053},[69,21886,15259],{"class":146},[69,21888,938],{"class":83},[69,21890,21891],{"class":189},"      # False\n",[20,21893,21894,21895,537],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[533,21896,21897],{"href":17842},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[55,21899,1771],{"id":1770},[20,21901,21902,21903,143],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21904,11427],{},[29,21906,21907,21912,21919,21924],{},[32,21908,21909,21910],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21911,20378],{},[32,21913,5408,21914,1172,21916,21918],{},[15,21915,11427],{},[15,21917,1181],{}," if no default is provided",[32,21920,5283,21921,21923],{},[15,21922,11427],{}," creates a key automatically",[32,21925,21926],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21928,21929],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[60,21931,21933],{"className":62,"code":21932,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21934,21935,21945,21959,21977,21999],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,21936,21937,21939,21941,21943],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,21938,172],{"class":128},[69,21940,132],{"class":83},[69,21942,12139],{"class":146},[69,21944,166],{"class":83},[69,21946,21947,21949,21951,21953,21955,21957],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,21948,172],{"class":128},[69,21950,132],{"class":83},[69,21952,12139],{"class":146},[69,21954,537],{"class":83},[69,21956,17613],{"class":146},[69,21958,7882],{"class":83},[69,21960,21961,21963,21965,21967,21969,21971,21973,21975],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,21962,172],{"class":128},[69,21964,132],{"class":83},[69,21966,706],{"class":699},[69,21968,8356],{"class":703},[69,21970,706],{"class":699},[69,21972,21864],{"class":1053},[69,21974,12457],{"class":146},[69,21976,166],{"class":83},[69,21978,21979,21981,21983,21985,21987,21989,21991,21993,21995,21997],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,21980,172],{"class":128},[69,21982,132],{"class":83},[69,21984,12139],{"class":146},[69,21986,537],{"class":83},[69,21988,20441],{"class":146},[69,21990,132],{"class":83},[69,21992,706],{"class":699},[69,21994,8356],{"class":703},[69,21996,706],{"class":699},[69,21998,318],{"class":83},[69,22000,22001,22003,22005,22007,22009,22011,22013,22015,22017,22019,22021,22023],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,22002,172],{"class":128},[69,22004,132],{"class":83},[69,22006,641],{"class":177},[69,22008,132],{"class":83},[69,22010,12139],{"class":146},[69,22012,537],{"class":83},[69,22014,20441],{"class":146},[69,22016,132],{"class":83},[69,22018,706],{"class":699},[69,22020,8356],{"class":703},[69,22022,706],{"class":699},[69,22024,2019],{"class":83},[20,22026,22027],{},"What these checks tell you:",[29,22029,22030,22035,22041,22047,22053],{},[32,22031,22032,22034],{},[15,22033,13371],{}," shows the full dictionary",[32,22036,22037,22040],{},[15,22038,22039],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[32,22042,22043,22046],{},[15,22044,22045],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[32,22048,22049,22052],{},[15,22050,22051],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[32,22054,22055,22058],{},[15,22056,22057],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,22060,22061,22062,5096,22067,22071],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[533,22063,22064,22065,11428],{"href":17752},"the dictionary ",[15,22066,17755],{},[533,22068,22064,22069,11428],{"href":17764},[15,22070,17767],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[55,22073,2519],{"id":2518},[377,22075,2523,22077,22079,22080,3218],{"id":22076},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,22078,11427],{}," raise ",[15,22081,20378],{},[20,22083,22084,22085,22087],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,22086,1181],{}," or the default value you provide.",[377,22089,2523,22091,22093],{"id":22090},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,22092,11427],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,22095,22096],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[377,22098,22100,22101,3218],{"id":22099},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,22102,11427],{},[20,22104,22105,22107],{},[15,22106,1181],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[377,22109,2580,22111,22113],{"id":22110},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets",[15,22112,11427],{}," or square brackets?",[20,22115,1378,22116,22118],{},[15,22117,11427],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[55,22120,2620],{"id":2619},[29,22122,22123,22127,22133,22139,22143,22148],{},[32,22124,22125],{},[533,22126,9842],{"href":9841},[32,22128,22129],{},[533,22130,11424,22131,11428],{"href":17752},[15,22132,17755],{},[32,22134,22135],{},[533,22136,11424,22137,11428],{"href":17764},[15,22138,17767],{},[32,22140,22141],{},[533,22142,17843],{"href":17842},[32,22144,22145],{},[533,22146,22147],{"href":17288},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[32,22149,22150],{},[533,22151,11951],{"href":11762},[2650,22153,22154],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[22165,22166],{"id":21079,"depth":169,"text":21080},{"id":20441,"depth":169,"text":11427},{"id":21278,"depth":120,"text":21279},{"id":21490,"depth":120,"text":21491,"children":22169},[22170,22172,22174],{"id":21499,"depth":169,"text":22171},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21585,"depth":169,"text":22173},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21675,"depth":169,"text":22175},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":22178},[22179,22181,22183,22185],{"id":22076,"depth":169,"text":22180},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":22090,"depth":169,"text":22182},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":22099,"depth":169,"text":22184},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":22110,"depth":169,"text":22186},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":20359,"description":22188},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":22195,"title":22196,"body":22197,"description":24752,"extension":2697,"meta":24753,"navigation":272,"path":24754,"seo":24755,"stem":24756,"__hash__":24757},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":22198,"toc":24718},[22199,22204,22210,22216,22218,22300,22304,22321,22326,22331,22336,22338,22352,22354,22417,22421,22461,22469,22471,22473,22488,22491,22504,22506,22585,22589,22655,22657,22661,22668,22670,22681,22683,22793,22797,22876,22882,22888,22893,23006,23010,23042,23045,23152,23158,23165,23169,23172,23274,23278,23339,23342,23345,23356,23365,23368,23385,23387,23486,23490,23565,23568,23591,23596,23601,23618,23620,23741,23745,23779,23781,23786,23793,23803,23805,23883,23886,23957,23967,23970,24002,24005,24044,24050,24057,24060,24151,24155,24236,24242,24245,24248,24353,24356,24359,24481,24485,24488,24555,24559,24596,24602,24604,24610,24615,24621,24628,24634,24637,24676,24682,24685,24687,24715],[10,22200,12007,22202,12011],{"id":22201},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,22203,17767],{},[20,22205,2714,22206,22209],{},[15,22207,22208],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,22211,22212,22213,22215],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,22214,17767],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[55,22217,58],{"id":57},[60,22219,22221],{"className":62,"code":22220,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,22222,22223,22259,22263,22286],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,22224,22225,22227,22229,22231,22233,22235,22237,22239,22241,22243,22245,22247,22249,22251,22253,22255,22257],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,22226,13897],{"class":75},[69,22228,80],{"class":79},[69,22230,11177],{"class":83},[69,22232,871],{"class":699},[69,22234,8356],{"class":703},[69,22236,871],{"class":699},[69,22238,143],{"class":83},[69,22240,881],{"class":699},[69,22242,13572],{"class":703},[69,22244,871],{"class":699},[69,22246,91],{"class":83},[69,22248,881],{"class":699},[69,22250,9985],{"class":703},[69,22252,871],{"class":699},[69,22254,143],{"class":83},[69,22256,459],{"class":87},[69,22258,9994],{"class":83},[69,22260,22261],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,22262,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,22264,22265,22267,22270,22272,22275,22277,22279,22281,22283],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,22266,1514],{"class":1053},[69,22268,22269],{"class":75}," key",[69,22271,91],{"class":83},[69,22273,22274],{"class":75}," value ",[69,22276,1574],{"class":1053},[69,22278,13940],{"class":75},[69,22280,537],{"class":83},[69,22282,8497],{"class":146},[69,22284,22285],{"class":83},"():\n",[69,22287,22288,22290,22292,22294,22296,22298],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,22289,8756],{"class":128},[69,22291,132],{"class":83},[69,22293,15533],{"class":146},[69,22295,91],{"class":83},[69,22297,9119],{"class":146},[69,22299,166],{"class":83},[20,22301,22302],{},[42,22303,321],{},[60,22305,22307],{"className":62,"code":22306,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,22308,22309,22314],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,22310,22311],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,22312,22313],{"class":75},"name Ana\n",[69,22315,22316,22319],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,22317,22318],{"class":75},"age ",[69,22320,3435],{"class":87},[20,22322,1378,22323,22325],{},[15,22324,17767],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[55,22327,202,22329,205],{"id":22328},"what-items-does",[15,22330,17767],{},[20,22332,22333,22335],{},[15,22334,17767],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,22337,12148],{},[29,22339,22340,22346,22349],{},[32,22341,22342,22343],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,22344,22345],{},"(key, value)",[32,22347,22348],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[32,22350,22351],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,22353,234],{},[60,22355,22357],{"className":62,"code":22356,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22358,22359,22395,22399],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,22360,22361,22363,22365,22367,22369,22371,22373,22375,22377,22379,22381,22383,22385,22387,22389,22391,22393],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,22362,13897],{"class":75},[69,22364,80],{"class":79},[69,22366,11177],{"class":83},[69,22368,871],{"class":699},[69,22370,8356],{"class":703},[69,22372,871],{"class":699},[69,22374,143],{"class":83},[69,22376,881],{"class":699},[69,22378,13572],{"class":703},[69,22380,871],{"class":699},[69,22382,91],{"class":83},[69,22384,881],{"class":699},[69,22386,9985],{"class":703},[69,22388,871],{"class":699},[69,22390,143],{"class":83},[69,22392,459],{"class":87},[69,22394,9994],{"class":83},[69,22396,22397],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,22398,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,22400,22401,22403,22405,22407,22409,22411,22413,22415],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,22402,172],{"class":128},[69,22404,132],{"class":83},[69,22406,178],{"class":177},[69,22408,132],{"class":83},[69,22410,17996],{"class":146},[69,22412,537],{"class":83},[69,22414,8497],{"class":146},[69,22416,6985],{"class":83},[20,22418,22419],{},[42,22420,321],{},[60,22422,22424],{"className":62,"code":22423,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22425,22426],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,22427,22428,22431,22433,22435,22437,22439,22441,22443,22445,22447,22449,22451,22453,22455,22457,22459],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,22429,22430],{"class":83},"[(",[69,22432,706],{"class":699},[69,22434,8356],{"class":703},[69,22436,706],{"class":699},[69,22438,91],{"class":83},[69,22440,700],{"class":699},[69,22442,13572],{"class":703},[69,22444,706],{"class":699},[69,22446,9920],{"class":83},[69,22448,441],{"class":83},[69,22450,706],{"class":699},[69,22452,9985],{"class":703},[69,22454,706],{"class":699},[69,22456,91],{"class":83},[69,22458,459],{"class":87},[69,22460,9935],{"class":83},[20,22462,22463,22464,394,22466,537],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[533,22465,9842],{"href":13715},[533,22467,15717],{"href":22468},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[55,22470,2888],{"id":2887},[20,22472,6134],{},[60,22474,22476],{"className":62,"code":22475,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,22477,22478],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,22479,22480,22482,22484,22486],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,22481,12139],{"class":75},[69,22483,537],{"class":83},[69,22485,8497],{"class":146},[69,22487,9329],{"class":83},[20,22489,22490],{},"Things to remember:",[29,22492,22493,22498,22501],{},[32,22494,22495,22497],{},[15,22496,17767],{}," does not take any arguments",[32,22499,22500],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[32,22502,22503],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,22505,234],{},[60,22507,22509],{"className":62,"code":22508,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,22510,22511,22543,22547,22561,22565,22575],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,22512,22513,22515,22517,22519,22521,22523,22525,22527,22529,22531,22533,22535,22537,22539,22541],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,22514,5768],{"class":75},[69,22516,80],{"class":79},[69,22518,11177],{"class":83},[69,22520,871],{"class":699},[69,22522,5708],{"class":703},[69,22524,871],{"class":699},[69,22526,143],{"class":83},[69,22528,20589],{"class":87},[69,22530,91],{"class":83},[69,22532,881],{"class":699},[69,22534,5717],{"class":703},[69,22536,871],{"class":699},[69,22538,143],{"class":83},[69,22540,14200],{"class":87},[69,22542,9994],{"class":83},[69,22544,22545],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,22546,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,22548,22549,22551,22553,22555,22557,22559],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,22550,123],{"class":75},[69,22552,80],{"class":79},[69,22554,5814],{"class":75},[69,22556,537],{"class":83},[69,22558,8497],{"class":146},[69,22560,9329],{"class":83},[69,22562,22563],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,22564,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,22566,22567,22569,22571,22573],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,22568,172],{"class":128},[69,22570,132],{"class":83},[69,22572,183],{"class":146},[69,22574,166],{"class":83},[69,22576,22577,22579,22581,22583],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,22578,172],{"class":128},[69,22580,132],{"class":83},[69,22582,17080],{"class":146},[69,22584,166],{"class":83},[20,22586,22587],{},[42,22588,321],{},[60,22590,22592],{"className":62,"code":22591,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,22593,22594,22627],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,22595,22596,22599,22601,22603,22605,22607,22609,22611,22613,22615,22617,22619,22621,22623,22625],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,22597,22598],{"class":146},"dict_items",[69,22600,10343],{"class":83},[69,22602,706],{"class":699},[69,22604,5708],{"class":703},[69,22606,706],{"class":699},[69,22608,91],{"class":83},[69,22610,20589],{"class":87},[69,22612,9920],{"class":83},[69,22614,441],{"class":83},[69,22616,706],{"class":699},[69,22618,5717],{"class":703},[69,22620,706],{"class":699},[69,22622,91],{"class":83},[69,22624,14200],{"class":87},[69,22626,11366],{"class":83},[69,22628,22629,22631,22633,22635,22637,22639,22641,22643,22645,22647,22649,22651,22653],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,22630,9964],{"class":83},[69,22632,706],{"class":699},[69,22634,5708],{"class":703},[69,22636,706],{"class":699},[69,22638,143],{"class":83},[69,22640,20589],{"class":87},[69,22642,91],{"class":83},[69,22644,700],{"class":699},[69,22646,5717],{"class":703},[69,22648,706],{"class":699},[69,22650,143],{"class":83},[69,22652,14200],{"class":87},[69,22654,9994],{"class":83},[20,22656,21582],{},[55,22658,22660],{"id":22659},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22662,22663,547,22665,22667],{},[15,22664,17767],{},[15,22666,22598],{}," view object.",[20,22669,213],{},[29,22671,22672,22675,22678],{},[32,22673,22674],{},"You can loop over it",[32,22676,22677],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[32,22679,22680],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22682,234],{},[60,22684,22686],{"className":62,"code":22685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22687,22688,22720,22734,22738,22752,22756,22775,22779],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,22689,22690,22692,22694,22696,22698,22700,22702,22704,22706,22708,22710,22712,22714,22716,22718],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,22691,9852],{"class":75},[69,22693,80],{"class":79},[69,22695,11177],{"class":83},[69,22697,871],{"class":699},[69,22699,2904],{"class":703},[69,22701,871],{"class":699},[69,22703,143],{"class":83},[69,22705,1263],{"class":87},[69,22707,91],{"class":83},[69,22709,881],{"class":699},[69,22711,12436],{"class":703},[69,22713,871],{"class":699},[69,22715,143],{"class":83},[69,22717,94],{"class":87},[69,22719,9994],{"class":83},[69,22721,22722,22724,22726,22728,22730,22732],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,22723,9902],{"class":75},[69,22725,80],{"class":79},[69,22727,15259],{"class":75},[69,22729,537],{"class":83},[69,22731,8497],{"class":146},[69,22733,9329],{"class":83},[69,22735,22736],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,22737,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,22739,22740,22742,22744,22746,22748,22750],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,22741,172],{"class":128},[69,22743,132],{"class":83},[69,22745,178],{"class":177},[69,22747,132],{"class":83},[69,22749,9948],{"class":146},[69,22751,318],{"class":83},[69,22753,22754],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,22755,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,22757,22758,22760,22762,22764,22767,22769,22771,22773],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,22759,9891],{"class":75},[69,22761,331],{"class":83},[69,22763,871],{"class":699},[69,22765,22766],{"class":703},"z",[69,22768,871],{"class":699},[69,22770,13966],{"class":83},[69,22772,13969],{"class":79},[69,22774,3303],{"class":87},[69,22776,22777],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,22778,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,22780,22781,22783,22785,22787,22789,22791],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,22782,172],{"class":128},[69,22784,132],{"class":83},[69,22786,178],{"class":177},[69,22788,132],{"class":83},[69,22790,9948],{"class":146},[69,22792,318],{"class":83},[20,22794,22795],{},[42,22796,321],{},[60,22798,22800],{"className":62,"code":22799,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22801,22802,22832],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,22803,22804,22806,22808,22810,22812,22814,22816,22818,22820,22822,22824,22826,22828,22830],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,22805,22430],{"class":83},[69,22807,706],{"class":699},[69,22809,2904],{"class":703},[69,22811,706],{"class":699},[69,22813,91],{"class":83},[69,22815,1263],{"class":87},[69,22817,9920],{"class":83},[69,22819,441],{"class":83},[69,22821,706],{"class":699},[69,22823,12436],{"class":703},[69,22825,706],{"class":699},[69,22827,91],{"class":83},[69,22829,94],{"class":87},[69,22831,9935],{"class":83},[69,22833,22834,22836,22838,22840,22842,22844,22846,22848,22850,22852,22854,22856,22858,22860,22862,22864,22866,22868,22870,22872,22874],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,22835,22430],{"class":83},[69,22837,706],{"class":699},[69,22839,2904],{"class":703},[69,22841,706],{"class":699},[69,22843,91],{"class":83},[69,22845,1263],{"class":87},[69,22847,9920],{"class":83},[69,22849,441],{"class":83},[69,22851,706],{"class":699},[69,22853,12436],{"class":703},[69,22855,706],{"class":699},[69,22857,91],{"class":83},[69,22859,94],{"class":87},[69,22861,9920],{"class":83},[69,22863,441],{"class":83},[69,22865,706],{"class":699},[69,22867,22766],{"class":703},[69,22869,706],{"class":699},[69,22871,91],{"class":83},[69,22873,99],{"class":87},[69,22875,9935],{"class":83},[20,22877,22878,22879,22881],{},"This happens because ",[15,22880,9948],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[55,22883,22885,22886],{"id":22884},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22887,17767],{},[20,22889,22890,22891,143],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22892,17767],{},[60,22894,22896],{"className":62,"code":22895,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22897,22898,22951,22955,22975],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,22899,22900,22902,22904,22906,22908,22910,22912,22914,22916,22918,22920,22922,22924,22926,22928,22930,22932,22935,22937,22939,22941,22943,22945,22947,22949],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,22901,13555],{"class":75},[69,22903,80],{"class":79},[69,22905,11177],{"class":83},[69,22907,871],{"class":699},[69,22909,8356],{"class":703},[69,22911,871],{"class":699},[69,22913,143],{"class":83},[69,22915,881],{"class":699},[69,22917,8608],{"class":703},[69,22919,871],{"class":699},[69,22921,91],{"class":83},[69,22923,881],{"class":699},[69,22925,20582],{"class":703},[69,22927,871],{"class":699},[69,22929,143],{"class":83},[69,22931,881],{"class":699},[69,22933,22934],{"class":703},"A",[69,22936,871],{"class":699},[69,22938,91],{"class":83},[69,22940,881],{"class":699},[69,22942,9985],{"class":703},[69,22944,871],{"class":699},[69,22946,143],{"class":83},[69,22948,14550],{"class":87},[69,22950,9994],{"class":83},[69,22952,22953],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,22954,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,22956,22957,22959,22961,22963,22965,22967,22969,22971,22973],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,22958,1514],{"class":1053},[69,22960,22269],{"class":75},[69,22962,91],{"class":83},[69,22964,22274],{"class":75},[69,22966,1574],{"class":1053},[69,22968,13598],{"class":75},[69,22970,537],{"class":83},[69,22972,8497],{"class":146},[69,22974,22285],{"class":83},[69,22976,22977,22979,22981,22984,22986,22988,22990,22993,22996,22998,23000,23002,23004],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,22978,8756],{"class":128},[69,22980,132],{"class":83},[69,22982,22983],{"class":135},"f",[69,22985,871],{"class":703},[69,22987,9964],{"class":87},[69,22989,15533],{"class":146},[69,22991,22992],{"class":87},"}",[69,22994,22995],{"class":703},": ",[69,22997,9964],{"class":87},[69,22999,3198],{"class":146},[69,23001,22992],{"class":87},[69,23003,871],{"class":703},[69,23005,166],{"class":83},[20,23007,23008],{},[42,23009,321],{},[60,23011,23013],{"className":62,"code":23012,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,23014,23015,23024,23033],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,23016,23017,23019,23021],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,23018,8356],{"class":75},[69,23020,143],{"class":83},[69,23022,23023],{"class":75}," Mia\n",[69,23025,23026,23028,23030],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,23027,20582],{"class":75},[69,23029,143],{"class":83},[69,23031,23032],{"class":75}," A\n",[69,23034,23035,23037,23039],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,23036,9985],{"class":75},[69,23038,143],{"class":83},[69,23040,23041],{"class":87}," 14\n",[20,23043,23044],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[60,23046,23048],{"className":62,"code":23047,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,23049,23050,23102,23106,23118],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,23051,23052,23054,23056,23058,23060,23062,23064,23066,23068,23070,23072,23074,23076,23078,23080,23082,23084,23086,23088,23090,23092,23094,23096,23098,23100],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,23053,13555],{"class":75},[69,23055,80],{"class":79},[69,23057,11177],{"class":83},[69,23059,871],{"class":699},[69,23061,8356],{"class":703},[69,23063,871],{"class":699},[69,23065,143],{"class":83},[69,23067,881],{"class":699},[69,23069,8608],{"class":703},[69,23071,871],{"class":699},[69,23073,91],{"class":83},[69,23075,881],{"class":699},[69,23077,20582],{"class":703},[69,23079,871],{"class":699},[69,23081,143],{"class":83},[69,23083,881],{"class":699},[69,23085,22934],{"class":703},[69,23087,871],{"class":699},[69,23089,91],{"class":83},[69,23091,881],{"class":699},[69,23093,9985],{"class":703},[69,23095,871],{"class":699},[69,23097,143],{"class":83},[69,23099,14550],{"class":87},[69,23101,9994],{"class":83},[69,23103,23104],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,23105,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,23107,23108,23110,23112,23114,23116],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,23109,1514],{"class":1053},[69,23111,18899],{"class":75},[69,23113,1574],{"class":1053},[69,23115,13598],{"class":75},[69,23117,1579],{"class":83},[69,23119,23120,23122,23124,23126,23128,23130,23132,23134,23136,23138,23140,23142,23144,23146,23148,23150],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,23121,8756],{"class":128},[69,23123,132],{"class":83},[69,23125,22983],{"class":135},[69,23127,871],{"class":703},[69,23129,9964],{"class":87},[69,23131,15533],{"class":146},[69,23133,22992],{"class":87},[69,23135,22995],{"class":703},[69,23137,9964],{"class":87},[69,23139,14318],{"class":146},[69,23141,331],{"class":83},[69,23143,15533],{"class":146},[69,23145,13966],{"class":83},[69,23147,22992],{"class":87},[69,23149,871],{"class":703},[69,23151,166],{"class":83},[20,23153,7199,23154,23157],{},[15,23155,23156],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,23159,23160,23161,537],{},"For a full guide, see ",[533,23162,23164],{"href":23163},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[55,23166,23168],{"id":23167},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,23170,23171],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[60,23173,23175],{"className":62,"code":23174,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,23176,23177,23236,23240,23259,23263],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,23178,23179,23181,23183,23185,23187,23189,23191,23193,23195,23197,23199,23201,23203,23205,23207,23209,23211,23214,23216,23218,23220,23223,23225,23227,23229,23232,23234],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,23180,13768],{"class":75},[69,23182,80],{"class":79},[69,23184,11177],{"class":83},[69,23186,871],{"class":699},[69,23188,874],{"class":703},[69,23190,871],{"class":699},[69,23192,143],{"class":83},[69,23194,881],{"class":699},[69,23196,13785],{"class":703},[69,23198,871],{"class":699},[69,23200,91],{"class":83},[69,23202,881],{"class":699},[69,23204,893],{"class":703},[69,23206,871],{"class":699},[69,23208,143],{"class":83},[69,23210,881],{"class":699},[69,23212,23213],{"class":703},"yellow",[69,23215,871],{"class":699},[69,23217,91],{"class":83},[69,23219,881],{"class":699},[69,23221,23222],{"class":703},"grape",[69,23224,871],{"class":699},[69,23226,143],{"class":83},[69,23228,881],{"class":699},[69,23230,23231],{"class":703},"purple",[69,23233,871],{"class":699},[69,23235,9994],{"class":83},[69,23237,23238],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,23239,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,23241,23242,23245,23247,23249,23251,23253,23255,23257],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,23243,23244],{"class":75},"pairs_list ",[69,23246,80],{"class":79},[69,23248,2162],{"class":177},[69,23250,132],{"class":83},[69,23252,18192],{"class":146},[69,23254,537],{"class":83},[69,23256,8497],{"class":146},[69,23258,7882],{"class":83},[69,23260,23261],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,23262,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,23264,23265,23267,23269,23272],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,23266,172],{"class":128},[69,23268,132],{"class":83},[69,23270,23271],{"class":146},"pairs_list",[69,23273,166],{"class":83},[20,23275,23276],{},[42,23277,321],{},[60,23279,23281],{"className":62,"code":23280,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,23282,23283],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,23284,23285,23287,23289,23291,23293,23295,23297,23299,23301,23303,23305,23307,23309,23311,23313,23315,23317,23319,23321,23323,23325,23327,23329,23331,23333,23335,23337],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,23286,22430],{"class":83},[69,23288,706],{"class":699},[69,23290,874],{"class":703},[69,23292,706],{"class":699},[69,23294,91],{"class":83},[69,23296,700],{"class":699},[69,23298,13785],{"class":703},[69,23300,706],{"class":699},[69,23302,9920],{"class":83},[69,23304,441],{"class":83},[69,23306,706],{"class":699},[69,23308,893],{"class":703},[69,23310,706],{"class":699},[69,23312,91],{"class":83},[69,23314,700],{"class":699},[69,23316,23213],{"class":703},[69,23318,706],{"class":699},[69,23320,9920],{"class":83},[69,23322,441],{"class":83},[69,23324,706],{"class":699},[69,23326,23222],{"class":703},[69,23328,706],{"class":699},[69,23330,91],{"class":83},[69,23332,700],{"class":699},[69,23334,23231],{"class":703},[69,23336,706],{"class":699},[69,23338,9935],{"class":83},[20,23340,23341],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,23343,23344],{},"Use this when:",[29,23346,23347,23350,23353],{},[32,23348,23349],{},"You want clearer printed output",[32,23351,23352],{},"You need list behavior",[32,23354,23355],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[55,23357,23359,11272,23361,11272,23363],{"id":23358},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,23360,17767],{},[15,23362,17755],{},[15,23364,17761],{},[20,23366,23367],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[29,23369,23370,23375,23380],{},[32,23371,23372,23374],{},[15,23373,17767],{}," gives both key and value",[32,23376,23377,23379],{},[15,23378,17755],{}," gives only keys",[32,23381,23382,23384],{},[15,23383,17761],{}," gives only values",[20,23386,234],{},[60,23388,23390],{"className":62,"code":23389,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,23391,23392,23428,23432,23450,23468],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,23393,23394,23396,23398,23400,23402,23404,23406,23408,23410,23412,23414,23416,23418,23420,23422,23424,23426],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,23395,13897],{"class":75},[69,23397,80],{"class":79},[69,23399,11177],{"class":83},[69,23401,871],{"class":699},[69,23403,8356],{"class":703},[69,23405,871],{"class":699},[69,23407,143],{"class":83},[69,23409,881],{"class":699},[69,23411,13572],{"class":703},[69,23413,871],{"class":699},[69,23415,91],{"class":83},[69,23417,881],{"class":699},[69,23419,9985],{"class":703},[69,23421,871],{"class":699},[69,23423,143],{"class":83},[69,23425,459],{"class":87},[69,23427,9994],{"class":83},[69,23429,23430],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,23431,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,23433,23434,23436,23438,23440,23442,23444,23446,23448],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,23435,172],{"class":128},[69,23437,132],{"class":83},[69,23439,178],{"class":177},[69,23441,132],{"class":83},[69,23443,17996],{"class":146},[69,23445,537],{"class":83},[69,23447,17613],{"class":146},[69,23449,6985],{"class":83},[69,23451,23452,23454,23456,23458,23460,23462,23464,23466],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,23453,172],{"class":128},[69,23455,132],{"class":83},[69,23457,178],{"class":177},[69,23459,132],{"class":83},[69,23461,17996],{"class":146},[69,23463,537],{"class":83},[69,23465,6059],{"class":146},[69,23467,6985],{"class":83},[69,23469,23470,23472,23474,23476,23478,23480,23482,23484],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,23471,172],{"class":128},[69,23473,132],{"class":83},[69,23475,178],{"class":177},[69,23477,132],{"class":83},[69,23479,17996],{"class":146},[69,23481,537],{"class":83},[69,23483,8497],{"class":146},[69,23485,6985],{"class":83},[20,23487,23488],{},[42,23489,321],{},[60,23491,23493],{"className":62,"code":23492,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,23494,23495,23515,23531],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,23496,23497,23499,23501,23503,23505,23507,23509,23511,23513],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,23498,331],{"class":83},[69,23500,706],{"class":699},[69,23502,8356],{"class":703},[69,23504,706],{"class":699},[69,23506,91],{"class":83},[69,23508,700],{"class":699},[69,23510,9985],{"class":703},[69,23512,706],{"class":699},[69,23514,117],{"class":83},[69,23516,23517,23519,23521,23523,23525,23527,23529],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,23518,331],{"class":83},[69,23520,706],{"class":699},[69,23522,13572],{"class":703},[69,23524,706],{"class":699},[69,23526,91],{"class":83},[69,23528,459],{"class":87},[69,23530,117],{"class":83},[69,23532,23533,23535,23537,23539,23541,23543,23545,23547,23549,23551,23553,23555,23557,23559,23561,23563],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,23534,22430],{"class":83},[69,23536,706],{"class":699},[69,23538,8356],{"class":703},[69,23540,706],{"class":699},[69,23542,91],{"class":83},[69,23544,700],{"class":699},[69,23546,13572],{"class":703},[69,23548,706],{"class":699},[69,23550,9920],{"class":83},[69,23552,441],{"class":83},[69,23554,706],{"class":699},[69,23556,9985],{"class":703},[69,23558,706],{"class":699},[69,23560,91],{"class":83},[69,23562,459],{"class":87},[69,23564,9935],{"class":83},[20,23566,23567],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[29,23569,23570,23578,23586],{},[32,23571,23572,23573],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[533,23574,23576],{"href":23575},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23577,17755],{},[32,23579,23580,23581],{},"Need just values? Use ",[533,23582,23584],{"href":23583},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,23585,17761],{},[32,23587,23588,23589],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,23590,17767],{},[55,23592,1373,23594],{"id":23593},"when-to-use-items",[15,23595,17767],{},[20,23597,23598,23600],{},[15,23599,17767],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[29,23602,23603,23606,23609,23612,23615],{},[32,23604,23605],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[32,23607,23608],{},"Building formatted output",[32,23610,23611],{},"Looping through settings and values",[32,23613,23614],{},"Showing names with scores",[32,23616,23617],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23619,234],{},[60,23621,23623],{"className":62,"code":23622,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23624,23625,23633,23651,23670,23682,23686,23690,23711],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,23626,23627,23629,23631],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,23628,14518],{"class":75},[69,23630,80],{"class":79},[69,23632,12183],{"class":83},[69,23634,23635,23637,23639,23641,23643,23645,23647,23649],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,23636,12188],{"class":699},[69,23638,13186],{"class":703},[69,23640,871],{"class":699},[69,23642,143],{"class":83},[69,23644,881],{"class":699},[69,23646,13195],{"class":703},[69,23648,871],{"class":699},[69,23650,12204],{"class":83},[69,23652,23653,23655,23657,23659,23661,23663,23666,23668],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,23654,12188],{"class":699},[69,23656,20814],{"class":703},[69,23658,871],{"class":699},[69,23660,143],{"class":83},[69,23662,881],{"class":699},[69,23664,23665],{"class":703},"English",[69,23667,871],{"class":699},[69,23669,12204],{"class":83},[69,23671,23672,23674,23676,23678,23680],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,23673,12188],{"class":699},[69,23675,19215],{"class":703},[69,23677,871],{"class":699},[69,23679,143],{"class":83},[69,23681,7112],{"class":1203},[69,23683,23684],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,23685,9994],{"class":83},[69,23687,23688],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,23689,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,23691,23692,23694,23697,23699,23701,23703,23705,23707,23709],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,23693,1514],{"class":1053},[69,23695,23696],{"class":75}," setting",[69,23698,91],{"class":83},[69,23700,22274],{"class":75},[69,23702,1574],{"class":1053},[69,23704,14562],{"class":75},[69,23706,537],{"class":83},[69,23708,8497],{"class":146},[69,23710,22285],{"class":83},[69,23712,23713,23715,23717,23719,23721,23723,23726,23728,23731,23733,23735,23737,23739],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,23714,8756],{"class":128},[69,23716,132],{"class":83},[69,23718,22983],{"class":135},[69,23720,871],{"class":703},[69,23722,9964],{"class":87},[69,23724,23725],{"class":146},"setting",[69,23727,22992],{"class":87},[69,23729,23730],{"class":703}," = ",[69,23732,9964],{"class":87},[69,23734,3198],{"class":146},[69,23736,22992],{"class":87},[69,23738,871],{"class":703},[69,23740,166],{"class":83},[20,23742,23743],{},[42,23744,321],{},[60,23746,23748],{"className":62,"code":23747,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23749,23750,23760,23770],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,23751,23752,23755,23757],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,23753,23754],{"class":75},"theme ",[69,23756,80],{"class":79},[69,23758,23759],{"class":75}," dark\n",[69,23761,23762,23765,23767],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,23763,23764],{"class":75},"language ",[69,23766,80],{"class":79},[69,23768,23769],{"class":75}," English\n",[69,23771,23772,23775,23777],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,23773,23774],{"class":75},"notifications ",[69,23776,80],{"class":79},[69,23778,7112],{"class":1203},[55,23780,1771],{"id":1770},[20,23782,23783,23784,537],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23785,17767],{},[377,23787,23789,23790,23792],{"id":23788},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23791,17767],{}," incorrectly",[20,23794,23795,23796,23798,23799,23802],{},"Each result from ",[15,23797,17767],{}," has ",[42,23800,23801],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23804,7376],{},[60,23806,23807],{"className":62,"code":22220,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,23808,23809,23845,23849,23869],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,23810,23811,23813,23815,23817,23819,23821,23823,23825,23827,23829,23831,23833,23835,23837,23839,23841,23843],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,23812,13897],{"class":75},[69,23814,80],{"class":79},[69,23816,11177],{"class":83},[69,23818,871],{"class":699},[69,23820,8356],{"class":703},[69,23822,871],{"class":699},[69,23824,143],{"class":83},[69,23826,881],{"class":699},[69,23828,13572],{"class":703},[69,23830,871],{"class":699},[69,23832,91],{"class":83},[69,23834,881],{"class":699},[69,23836,9985],{"class":703},[69,23838,871],{"class":699},[69,23840,143],{"class":83},[69,23842,459],{"class":87},[69,23844,9994],{"class":83},[69,23846,23847],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,23848,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,23850,23851,23853,23855,23857,23859,23861,23863,23865,23867],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,23852,1514],{"class":1053},[69,23854,22269],{"class":75},[69,23856,91],{"class":83},[69,23858,22274],{"class":75},[69,23860,1574],{"class":1053},[69,23862,13940],{"class":75},[69,23864,537],{"class":83},[69,23866,8497],{"class":146},[69,23868,22285],{"class":83},[69,23870,23871,23873,23875,23877,23879,23881],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,23872,8756],{"class":128},[69,23874,132],{"class":83},[69,23876,15533],{"class":146},[69,23878,91],{"class":83},[69,23880,9119],{"class":146},[69,23882,166],{"class":83},[20,23884,23885],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[60,23887,23889],{"className":62,"code":23888,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23890,23891,23927,23931,23947],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,23892,23893,23895,23897,23899,23901,23903,23905,23907,23909,23911,23913,23915,23917,23919,23921,23923,23925],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,23894,13897],{"class":75},[69,23896,80],{"class":79},[69,23898,11177],{"class":83},[69,23900,871],{"class":699},[69,23902,8356],{"class":703},[69,23904,871],{"class":699},[69,23906,143],{"class":83},[69,23908,881],{"class":699},[69,23910,13572],{"class":703},[69,23912,871],{"class":699},[69,23914,91],{"class":83},[69,23916,881],{"class":699},[69,23918,9985],{"class":703},[69,23920,871],{"class":699},[69,23922,143],{"class":83},[69,23924,459],{"class":87},[69,23926,9994],{"class":83},[69,23928,23929],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,23930,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,23932,23933,23935,23937,23939,23941,23943,23945],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,23934,1514],{"class":1053},[69,23936,18899],{"class":75},[69,23938,1574],{"class":1053},[69,23940,13940],{"class":75},[69,23942,537],{"class":83},[69,23944,8497],{"class":146},[69,23946,22285],{"class":83},[69,23948,23949,23951,23953,23955],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,23950,8756],{"class":128},[69,23952,132],{"class":83},[69,23954,15533],{"class":146},[69,23956,166],{"class":83},[20,23958,23959,23960,23962,23963,23966],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23961,15533],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23964,23965],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23968,23969],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[60,23971,23973],{"className":62,"code":23972,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23974,23975,23991],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,23976,23977,23979,23981,23983,23985,23987,23989],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,23978,1514],{"class":1053},[69,23980,6658],{"class":75},[69,23982,1574],{"class":1053},[69,23984,13940],{"class":75},[69,23986,537],{"class":83},[69,23988,8497],{"class":146},[69,23990,22285],{"class":83},[69,23992,23993,23995,23997,24000],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,23994,8756],{"class":128},[69,23996,132],{"class":83},[69,23998,23999],{"class":146},"item",[69,24001,166],{"class":83},[20,24003,24004],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[60,24006,24008],{"className":62,"code":24007,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24009,24010,24030],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,24011,24012,24014,24016,24018,24020,24022,24024,24026,24028],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,24013,1514],{"class":1053},[69,24015,22269],{"class":75},[69,24017,91],{"class":83},[69,24019,22274],{"class":75},[69,24021,1574],{"class":1053},[69,24023,13940],{"class":75},[69,24025,537],{"class":83},[69,24027,8497],{"class":146},[69,24029,22285],{"class":83},[69,24031,24032,24034,24036,24038,24040,24042],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,24033,8756],{"class":128},[69,24035,132],{"class":83},[69,24037,15533],{"class":146},[69,24039,91],{"class":83},[69,24041,9119],{"class":146},[69,24043,166],{"class":83},[377,24045,1780,24047,24049],{"id":24046},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,24048,17767],{}," to return a regular list",[20,24051,24052,547,24054,24056],{},[15,24053,17767],{},[15,24055,22598],{}," object, not a list.",[20,24058,24059],{},"Check it:",[60,24061,24063],{"className":62,"code":24062,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,24064,24065,24097,24101,24115,24133],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,24066,24067,24069,24071,24073,24075,24077,24079,24081,24083,24085,24087,24089,24091,24093,24095],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,24068,12415],{"class":75},[69,24070,80],{"class":79},[69,24072,11177],{"class":83},[69,24074,871],{"class":699},[69,24076,533],{"class":703},[69,24078,871],{"class":699},[69,24080,143],{"class":83},[69,24082,1263],{"class":87},[69,24084,91],{"class":83},[69,24086,881],{"class":699},[69,24088,5465],{"class":703},[69,24090,871],{"class":699},[69,24092,143],{"class":83},[69,24094,94],{"class":87},[69,24096,9994],{"class":83},[69,24098,24099],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,24100,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,24102,24103,24105,24107,24109,24111,24113],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,24104,172],{"class":128},[69,24106,132],{"class":83},[69,24108,12139],{"class":146},[69,24110,537],{"class":83},[69,24112,8497],{"class":146},[69,24114,7882],{"class":83},[69,24116,24117,24119,24121,24123,24125,24127,24129,24131],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,24118,172],{"class":128},[69,24120,132],{"class":83},[69,24122,641],{"class":177},[69,24124,132],{"class":83},[69,24126,12139],{"class":146},[69,24128,537],{"class":83},[69,24130,8497],{"class":146},[69,24132,6985],{"class":83},[69,24134,24135,24137,24139,24141,24143,24145,24147,24149],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,24136,172],{"class":128},[69,24138,132],{"class":83},[69,24140,178],{"class":177},[69,24142,132],{"class":83},[69,24144,12139],{"class":146},[69,24146,537],{"class":83},[69,24148,8497],{"class":146},[69,24150,6985],{"class":83},[20,24152,24153],{},[42,24154,321],{},[60,24156,24158],{"className":62,"code":24157,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,24159,24160,24192,24206],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,24161,24162,24164,24166,24168,24170,24172,24174,24176,24178,24180,24182,24184,24186,24188,24190],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,24163,22598],{"class":146},[69,24165,10343],{"class":83},[69,24167,706],{"class":699},[69,24169,533],{"class":703},[69,24171,706],{"class":699},[69,24173,91],{"class":83},[69,24175,1263],{"class":87},[69,24177,9920],{"class":83},[69,24179,441],{"class":83},[69,24181,706],{"class":699},[69,24183,5465],{"class":703},[69,24185,706],{"class":699},[69,24187,91],{"class":83},[69,24189,94],{"class":87},[69,24191,11366],{"class":83},[69,24193,24194,24196,24198,24200,24202,24204],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,24195,674],{"class":79},[69,24197,696],{"class":135},[69,24199,700],{"class":699},[69,24201,22598],{"class":703},[69,24203,706],{"class":699},[69,24205,689],{"class":79},[69,24207,24208,24210,24212,24214,24216,24218,24220,24222,24224,24226,24228,24230,24232,24234],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,24209,22430],{"class":83},[69,24211,706],{"class":699},[69,24213,533],{"class":703},[69,24215,706],{"class":699},[69,24217,91],{"class":83},[69,24219,1263],{"class":87},[69,24221,9920],{"class":83},[69,24223,441],{"class":83},[69,24225,706],{"class":699},[69,24227,5465],{"class":703},[69,24229,706],{"class":699},[69,24231,91],{"class":83},[69,24233,94],{"class":87},[69,24235,9935],{"class":83},[377,24237,24239,24240],{"id":24238},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,24241,17767],{},[20,24243,24244],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,24246,24247],{},"Problem example:",[60,24249,24251],{"className":62,"code":24250,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,24252,24253,24297,24301,24321,24333],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,24254,24255,24257,24259,24261,24263,24265,24267,24269,24271,24273,24275,24277,24279,24281,24283,24285,24287,24289,24291,24293,24295],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,24256,76],{"class":75},[69,24258,80],{"class":79},[69,24260,11177],{"class":83},[69,24262,871],{"class":699},[69,24264,533],{"class":703},[69,24266,871],{"class":699},[69,24268,143],{"class":83},[69,24270,1263],{"class":87},[69,24272,91],{"class":83},[69,24274,881],{"class":699},[69,24276,5465],{"class":703},[69,24278,871],{"class":699},[69,24280,143],{"class":83},[69,24282,94],{"class":87},[69,24284,91],{"class":83},[69,24286,881],{"class":699},[69,24288,10425],{"class":703},[69,24290,871],{"class":699},[69,24292,143],{"class":83},[69,24294,99],{"class":87},[69,24296,9994],{"class":83},[69,24298,24299],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,24300,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,24302,24303,24305,24307,24309,24311,24313,24315,24317,24319],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,24304,1514],{"class":1053},[69,24306,22269],{"class":75},[69,24308,91],{"class":83},[69,24310,22274],{"class":75},[69,24312,1574],{"class":1053},[69,24314,163],{"class":75},[69,24316,537],{"class":83},[69,24318,8497],{"class":146},[69,24320,22285],{"class":83},[69,24322,24323,24325,24327,24329,24331],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,24324,1584],{"class":1053},[69,24326,22274],{"class":75},[69,24328,5392],{"class":79},[69,24330,94],{"class":87},[69,24332,1579],{"class":83},[69,24334,24335,24338,24340,24342,24344,24346,24348,24350],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,24336,24337],{"class":75},"        numbers",[69,24339,331],{"class":83},[69,24341,871],{"class":699},[69,24343,19458],{"class":703},[69,24345,871],{"class":699},[69,24347,13966],{"class":83},[69,24349,13969],{"class":79},[69,24351,24352],{"class":87}," 4\n",[20,24354,24355],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,24357,24358],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[60,24360,24362],{"className":62,"code":24361,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,24363,24364,24408,24412,24437,24449,24467,24471],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,24365,24366,24368,24370,24372,24374,24376,24378,24380,24382,24384,24386,24388,24390,24392,24394,24396,24398,24400,24402,24404,24406],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,24367,76],{"class":75},[69,24369,80],{"class":79},[69,24371,11177],{"class":83},[69,24373,871],{"class":699},[69,24375,533],{"class":703},[69,24377,871],{"class":699},[69,24379,143],{"class":83},[69,24381,1263],{"class":87},[69,24383,91],{"class":83},[69,24385,881],{"class":699},[69,24387,5465],{"class":703},[69,24389,871],{"class":699},[69,24391,143],{"class":83},[69,24393,94],{"class":87},[69,24395,91],{"class":83},[69,24397,881],{"class":699},[69,24399,10425],{"class":703},[69,24401,871],{"class":699},[69,24403,143],{"class":83},[69,24405,99],{"class":87},[69,24407,9994],{"class":83},[69,24409,24410],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,24411,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,24413,24414,24416,24418,24420,24422,24424,24426,24428,24430,24432,24434],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,24415,1514],{"class":1053},[69,24417,22269],{"class":75},[69,24419,91],{"class":83},[69,24421,22274],{"class":75},[69,24423,1574],{"class":1053},[69,24425,2162],{"class":177},[69,24427,132],{"class":83},[69,24429,4366],{"class":146},[69,24431,537],{"class":83},[69,24433,8497],{"class":146},[69,24435,24436],{"class":83},"()):\n",[69,24438,24439,24441,24443,24445,24447],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,24440,1584],{"class":1053},[69,24442,22274],{"class":75},[69,24444,5392],{"class":79},[69,24446,94],{"class":87},[69,24448,1579],{"class":83},[69,24450,24451,24453,24455,24457,24459,24461,24463,24465],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,24452,24337],{"class":75},[69,24454,331],{"class":83},[69,24456,871],{"class":699},[69,24458,19458],{"class":703},[69,24460,871],{"class":699},[69,24462,13966],{"class":83},[69,24464,13969],{"class":79},[69,24466,24352],{"class":87},[69,24468,24469],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,24470,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,24472,24473,24475,24477,24479],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,24474,172],{"class":128},[69,24476,132],{"class":83},[69,24478,4366],{"class":146},[69,24480,166],{"class":83},[377,24482,24484],{"id":24483},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,24486,24487],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[60,24489,24491],{"className":62,"code":24490,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,24492,24493,24525,24529,24545],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,24494,24495,24497,24499,24501,24503,24505,24507,24509,24511,24513,24515,24517,24519,24521,24523],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,24496,9852],{"class":75},[69,24498,80],{"class":79},[69,24500,11177],{"class":83},[69,24502,871],{"class":699},[69,24504,2904],{"class":703},[69,24506,871],{"class":699},[69,24508,143],{"class":83},[69,24510,6701],{"class":87},[69,24512,91],{"class":83},[69,24514,881],{"class":699},[69,24516,12436],{"class":703},[69,24518,871],{"class":699},[69,24520,143],{"class":83},[69,24522,454],{"class":87},[69,24524,9994],{"class":83},[69,24526,24527],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,24528,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,24530,24531,24533,24535,24537,24539,24541,24543],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,24532,1514],{"class":1053},[69,24534,6658],{"class":75},[69,24536,1574],{"class":1053},[69,24538,15259],{"class":75},[69,24540,537],{"class":83},[69,24542,8497],{"class":146},[69,24544,22285],{"class":83},[69,24546,24547,24549,24551,24553],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,24548,8756],{"class":128},[69,24550,132],{"class":83},[69,24552,23999],{"class":146},[69,24554,166],{"class":83},[20,24556,24557],{},[42,24558,321],{},[60,24560,24562],{"className":62,"code":24561,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,24563,24564,24580],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,24565,24566,24568,24570,24572,24574,24576,24578],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,24567,132],{"class":83},[69,24569,706],{"class":699},[69,24571,2904],{"class":703},[69,24573,706],{"class":699},[69,24575,91],{"class":83},[69,24577,6701],{"class":87},[69,24579,166],{"class":83},[69,24581,24582,24584,24586,24588,24590,24592,24594],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,24583,132],{"class":83},[69,24585,706],{"class":699},[69,24587,12436],{"class":703},[69,24589,706],{"class":699},[69,24591,91],{"class":83},[69,24593,454],{"class":87},[69,24595,166],{"class":83},[20,24597,24598,24599,24601],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,24600,22345],{}," pair.",[55,24603,2519],{"id":2518},[377,24605,24607,24608,5846],{"id":24606},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,24609,17767],{},[20,24611,18111,24612,24614],{},[15,24613,22598],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[377,24616,2523,24618,24620],{"id":24617},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24619,17767],{}," return a list?",[20,24622,24623,24624,24627],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24625,24626],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[377,24629,24631,24632,3218],{"id":24630},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24633,17767],{},[20,24635,24636],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[60,24638,24640],{"className":62,"code":24639,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24641,24642,24662],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,24643,24644,24646,24648,24650,24652,24654,24656,24658,24660],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,24645,1514],{"class":1053},[69,24647,22269],{"class":75},[69,24649,91],{"class":83},[69,24651,22274],{"class":75},[69,24653,1574],{"class":1053},[69,24655,12457],{"class":75},[69,24657,537],{"class":83},[69,24659,8497],{"class":146},[69,24661,22285],{"class":83},[69,24663,24664,24666,24668,24670,24672,24674],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,24665,8756],{"class":128},[69,24667,132],{"class":83},[69,24669,15533],{"class":146},[69,24671,91],{"class":83},[69,24673,9119],{"class":146},[69,24675,166],{"class":83},[377,24677,2523,24679,24681],{"id":24678},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24680,17767],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24683,24684],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[55,24686,2620],{"id":2619},[29,24688,24689,24695,24701,24706,24710],{},[32,24690,24691],{},[533,24692,11424,24693,11428],{"href":23575},[15,24694,17755],{},[32,24696,24697],{},[533,24698,11424,24699,11428],{"href":23583},[15,24700,17761],{},[32,24702,24703],{},[533,24704,24705],{"href":23163},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[32,24707,24708],{},[533,24709,9842],{"href":13715},[32,24711,24712],{},[533,24713,24714],{"href":22468},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2650,24716,24717],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":24719},[24720,24721,24723,24724,24725,24727,24728,24730,24732,24741,24751],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":22328,"depth":120,"text":24722},"What items() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":22659,"depth":120,"text":22660},{"id":22884,"depth":120,"text":24726},"Looping with items()",{"id":23167,"depth":120,"text":23168},{"id":23358,"depth":120,"text":24729},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23593,"depth":120,"text":24731},"When to use items()",{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771,"children":24733},[24734,24736,24738,24740],{"id":23788,"depth":169,"text":24735},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":24046,"depth":169,"text":24737},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":24238,"depth":169,"text":24739},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":24483,"depth":169,"text":24484},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":24742},[24743,24745,24747,24749],{"id":24606,"depth":169,"text":24744},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24617,"depth":169,"text":24746},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24630,"depth":169,"text":24748},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24678,"depth":169,"text":24750},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":22196,"description":24752},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24759,"title":24760,"body":24761,"description":26850,"extension":2697,"meta":26851,"navigation":272,"path":23575,"seo":26852,"stem":26853,"__hash__":26854},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24762,"toc":26816},[24763,24768,24774,24777,24788,24795,24797,24880,24884,24931,24936,24941,24946,24948,24964,24966,25065,25069,25126,25129,25131,25134,25227,25231,25294,25297,25312,25317,25319,25321,25336,25338,25349,25351,25394,25397,25441,25444,25446,25453,25456,25472,25474,25567,25571,25612,25624,25628,25631,25719,25723,25743,25746,25773,25780,25785,25789,25800,25802,25906,25910,25936,25939,26006,26011,26014,26037,26042,26046,26051,26057,26062,26064,26119,26123,26150,26157,26163,26166,26191,26197,26223,26226,26301,26308,26313,26315,26354,26372,26376,26379,26422,26425,26427,26446,26448,26453,26478,26481,26551,26554,26627,26631,26633,26694,26697,26713,26715,26720,26725,26732,26741,26747,26753,26760,26766,26770,26775,26777,26813],[10,24764,12007,24766,12011],{"id":24765},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24767,17755],{},[20,24769,24770,24771,24773],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24772,17755],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24775,24776],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[29,24778,24779,24782,24785],{},[32,24780,24781],{},"view the available keys",[32,24783,24784],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[32,24786,24787],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24789,24790,24792,24793,537],{},[15,24791,17755],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24794,17704],{},[55,24796,58],{"id":57},[60,24798,24800],{"className":62,"code":24799,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24801,24802,24838,24852,24856,24866],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,24803,24804,24806,24808,24810,24812,24814,24816,24818,24820,24822,24824,24826,24828,24830,24832,24834,24836],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,24805,13555],{"class":75},[69,24807,80],{"class":79},[69,24809,11177],{"class":83},[69,24811,871],{"class":699},[69,24813,8356],{"class":703},[69,24815,871],{"class":699},[69,24817,143],{"class":83},[69,24819,881],{"class":699},[69,24821,13572],{"class":703},[69,24823,871],{"class":699},[69,24825,91],{"class":83},[69,24827,881],{"class":699},[69,24829,9985],{"class":703},[69,24831,871],{"class":699},[69,24833,143],{"class":83},[69,24835,454],{"class":87},[69,24837,9994],{"class":83},[69,24839,24840,24842,24844,24846,24848,24850],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,24841,17931],{"class":75},[69,24843,80],{"class":79},[69,24845,13598],{"class":75},[69,24847,537],{"class":83},[69,24849,17613],{"class":146},[69,24851,9329],{"class":83},[69,24853,24854],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,24855,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,24857,24858,24860,24862,24864],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,24859,172],{"class":128},[69,24861,132],{"class":83},[69,24863,17613],{"class":146},[69,24865,166],{"class":83},[69,24867,24868,24870,24872,24874,24876,24878],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,24869,172],{"class":128},[69,24871,132],{"class":83},[69,24873,178],{"class":177},[69,24875,132],{"class":83},[69,24877,17613],{"class":146},[69,24879,318],{"class":83},[20,24881,24882],{},[42,24883,321],{},[60,24885,24887],{"className":62,"code":24886,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24888,24889,24911],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,24890,24891,24893,24895,24897,24899,24901,24903,24905,24907,24909],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,24892,17704],{"class":146},[69,24894,3710],{"class":83},[69,24896,706],{"class":699},[69,24898,8356],{"class":703},[69,24900,706],{"class":699},[69,24902,91],{"class":83},[69,24904,700],{"class":699},[69,24906,9985],{"class":703},[69,24908,706],{"class":699},[69,24910,618],{"class":83},[69,24912,24913,24915,24917,24919,24921,24923,24925,24927,24929],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,24914,331],{"class":83},[69,24916,706],{"class":699},[69,24918,8356],{"class":703},[69,24920,706],{"class":699},[69,24922,91],{"class":83},[69,24924,700],{"class":699},[69,24926,9985],{"class":703},[69,24928,706],{"class":699},[69,24930,117],{"class":83},[20,24932,1378,24933,24935],{},[15,24934,17755],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[55,24937,202,24939,205],{"id":24938},"what-keys-does",[15,24940,17755],{},[20,24942,24943,24945],{},[15,24944,17755],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24947,12148],{},[29,24949,24950,24953,24956,24961],{},[32,24951,24952],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[32,24954,24955],{},"It does not need any arguments",[32,24957,18111,24958,24960],{},[15,24959,17704],{}," view object, not a list",[32,24962,24963],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24965,234],{},[60,24967,24969],{"className":62,"code":24968,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24970,24971,25007,25011,25025,25029,25051],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,24972,24973,24975,24977,24979,24981,24983,24985,24987,24989,24991,24993,24995,24997,24999,25001,25003,25005],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,24974,13897],{"class":75},[69,24976,80],{"class":79},[69,24978,11177],{"class":83},[69,24980,871],{"class":699},[69,24982,8356],{"class":703},[69,24984,871],{"class":699},[69,24986,143],{"class":83},[69,24988,881],{"class":699},[69,24990,13914],{"class":703},[69,24992,871],{"class":699},[69,24994,91],{"class":83},[69,24996,881],{"class":699},[69,24998,9985],{"class":703},[69,25000,871],{"class":699},[69,25002,143],{"class":83},[69,25004,459],{"class":87},[69,25006,9994],{"class":83},[69,25008,25009],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,25010,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,25012,25013,25015,25017,25019,25021,25023],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,25014,172],{"class":128},[69,25016,132],{"class":83},[69,25018,17996],{"class":146},[69,25020,537],{"class":83},[69,25022,17613],{"class":146},[69,25024,7882],{"class":83},[69,25026,25027],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,25028,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,25030,25031,25033,25035,25037,25039,25041,25043,25045,25047,25049],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,25032,17996],{"class":75},[69,25034,331],{"class":83},[69,25036,871],{"class":699},[69,25038,11095],{"class":703},[69,25040,871],{"class":699},[69,25042,13966],{"class":83},[69,25044,13969],{"class":79},[69,25046,881],{"class":699},[69,25048,11102],{"class":703},[69,25050,4079],{"class":699},[69,25052,25053,25055,25057,25059,25061,25063],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,25054,172],{"class":128},[69,25056,132],{"class":83},[69,25058,17996],{"class":146},[69,25060,537],{"class":83},[69,25062,17613],{"class":146},[69,25064,7882],{"class":83},[20,25066,25067],{},[42,25068,321],{},[60,25070,25072],{"className":62,"code":25071,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,25073,25074,25096],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,25075,25076,25078,25080,25082,25084,25086,25088,25090,25092,25094],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,25077,17704],{"class":146},[69,25079,3710],{"class":83},[69,25081,706],{"class":699},[69,25083,8356],{"class":703},[69,25085,706],{"class":699},[69,25087,91],{"class":83},[69,25089,700],{"class":699},[69,25091,9985],{"class":703},[69,25093,706],{"class":699},[69,25095,618],{"class":83},[69,25097,25098,25100,25102,25104,25106,25108,25110,25112,25114,25116,25118,25120,25122,25124],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,25099,17704],{"class":146},[69,25101,3710],{"class":83},[69,25103,706],{"class":699},[69,25105,8356],{"class":703},[69,25107,706],{"class":699},[69,25109,91],{"class":83},[69,25111,700],{"class":699},[69,25113,9985],{"class":703},[69,25115,706],{"class":699},[69,25117,91],{"class":83},[69,25119,700],{"class":699},[69,25121,11095],{"class":703},[69,25123,706],{"class":699},[69,25125,618],{"class":83},[20,25127,25128],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[55,25130,6485],{"id":6484},[20,25132,25133],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[60,25135,25137],{"className":62,"code":25136,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,25138,25139,25191,25195,25209],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,25140,25141,25143,25145,25147,25149,25151,25153,25155,25157,25159,25161,25163,25165,25167,25169,25171,25173,25175,25177,25179,25181,25183,25185,25187,25189],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,25142,9852],{"class":75},[69,25144,80],{"class":79},[69,25146,11177],{"class":83},[69,25148,871],{"class":699},[69,25150,8356],{"class":703},[69,25152,871],{"class":699},[69,25154,143],{"class":83},[69,25156,881],{"class":699},[69,25158,13572],{"class":703},[69,25160,871],{"class":699},[69,25162,91],{"class":83},[69,25164,881],{"class":699},[69,25166,9985],{"class":703},[69,25168,871],{"class":699},[69,25170,143],{"class":83},[69,25172,454],{"class":87},[69,25174,91],{"class":83},[69,25176,881],{"class":699},[69,25178,20582],{"class":703},[69,25180,871],{"class":699},[69,25182,143],{"class":83},[69,25184,881],{"class":699},[69,25186,22934],{"class":703},[69,25188,871],{"class":699},[69,25190,9994],{"class":83},[69,25192,25193],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,25194,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,25196,25197,25199,25201,25203,25205,25207],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,25198,172],{"class":128},[69,25200,132],{"class":83},[69,25202,9891],{"class":146},[69,25204,537],{"class":83},[69,25206,17613],{"class":146},[69,25208,7882],{"class":83},[69,25210,25211,25213,25215,25217,25219,25221,25223,25225],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,25212,172],{"class":128},[69,25214,132],{"class":83},[69,25216,178],{"class":177},[69,25218,132],{"class":83},[69,25220,9891],{"class":146},[69,25222,537],{"class":83},[69,25224,17613],{"class":146},[69,25226,6985],{"class":83},[20,25228,25229],{},[42,25230,321],{},[60,25232,25234],{"className":62,"code":25233,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,25235,25236,25266],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,25237,25238,25240,25242,25244,25246,25248,25250,25252,25254,25256,25258,25260,25262,25264],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,25239,17704],{"class":146},[69,25241,3710],{"class":83},[69,25243,706],{"class":699},[69,25245,8356],{"class":703},[69,25247,706],{"class":699},[69,25249,91],{"class":83},[69,25251,700],{"class":699},[69,25253,9985],{"class":703},[69,25255,706],{"class":699},[69,25257,91],{"class":83},[69,25259,700],{"class":699},[69,25261,20582],{"class":703},[69,25263,706],{"class":699},[69,25265,618],{"class":83},[69,25267,25268,25270,25272,25274,25276,25278,25280,25282,25284,25286,25288,25290,25292],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,25269,331],{"class":83},[69,25271,706],{"class":699},[69,25273,8356],{"class":703},[69,25275,706],{"class":699},[69,25277,91],{"class":83},[69,25279,700],{"class":699},[69,25281,9985],{"class":703},[69,25283,706],{"class":699},[69,25285,91],{"class":83},[69,25287,700],{"class":699},[69,25289,20582],{"class":703},[69,25291,706],{"class":699},[69,25293,117],{"class":83},[20,25295,25296],{},"This shows two things:",[29,25298,25299,25306],{},[32,25300,25301,547,25304,679],{},[15,25302,25303],{},"data.keys()",[15,25305,17704],{},[32,25307,25308,25311],{},[15,25309,25310],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,25313,9838,25314,537],{},[533,25315,25316],{"href":10076},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[55,25318,6131],{"id":6130},[20,25320,354],{},[60,25322,25324],{"className":62,"code":25323,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,25325,25326],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,25327,25328,25330,25332,25334],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,25329,12139],{"class":75},[69,25331,537],{"class":83},[69,25333,17613],{"class":146},[69,25335,9329],{"class":83},[20,25337,22490],{},[29,25339,25340,25343,25346],{},[32,25341,25342],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[32,25344,25345],{},"It takes no parameters",[32,25347,25348],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,25350,2253],{},[60,25352,25354],{"className":62,"code":25353,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,25355,25356,25380],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,25357,25358,25360,25362,25364,25366,25368,25370,25372,25374,25376,25378],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,25359,13555],{"class":75},[69,25361,80],{"class":79},[69,25363,11177],{"class":83},[69,25365,871],{"class":699},[69,25367,8356],{"class":703},[69,25369,871],{"class":699},[69,25371,143],{"class":83},[69,25373,881],{"class":699},[69,25375,13572],{"class":703},[69,25377,871],{"class":699},[69,25379,9994],{"class":83},[69,25381,25382,25384,25386,25388,25390,25392],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,25383,172],{"class":128},[69,25385,132],{"class":83},[69,25387,14318],{"class":146},[69,25389,537],{"class":83},[69,25391,17613],{"class":146},[69,25393,7882],{"class":83},[20,25395,25396],{},"Incorrect:",[60,25398,25400],{"className":62,"code":25399,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,25401,25402,25426],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,25403,25404,25406,25408,25410,25412,25414,25416,25418,25420,25422,25424],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,25405,13555],{"class":75},[69,25407,80],{"class":79},[69,25409,11177],{"class":83},[69,25411,871],{"class":699},[69,25413,8356],{"class":703},[69,25415,871],{"class":699},[69,25417,143],{"class":83},[69,25419,881],{"class":699},[69,25421,13572],{"class":703},[69,25423,871],{"class":699},[69,25425,9994],{"class":83},[69,25427,25428,25430,25432,25434,25436,25439],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,25429,172],{"class":128},[69,25431,132],{"class":83},[69,25433,14318],{"class":146},[69,25435,537],{"class":83},[69,25437,17613],{"class":25438},"skxfh",[69,25440,166],{"class":83},[20,25442,25443],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[55,25445,18108],{"id":18107},[20,25447,25448,547,25450,25452],{},[15,25449,17755],{},[15,25451,17704],{}," object.",[20,25454,25455],{},"This object:",[29,25457,25458,25461,25464,25469],{},[32,25459,25460],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[32,25462,25463],{},"can be used in a loop",[32,25465,25466,25467],{},"can be converted with ",[15,25468,52],{},[32,25470,25471],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,25473,234],{},[60,25475,25477],{"className":62,"code":25476,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,25478,25479,25520,25524,25539,25543,25553],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,25480,25481,25484,25486,25488,25490,25493,25495,25497,25499,25502,25504,25506,25508,25511,25513,25515,25518],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,25482,25483],{"class":75},"car ",[69,25485,80],{"class":79},[69,25487,11177],{"class":83},[69,25489,871],{"class":699},[69,25491,25492],{"class":703},"brand",[69,25494,871],{"class":699},[69,25496,143],{"class":83},[69,25498,881],{"class":699},[69,25500,25501],{"class":703},"Toyota",[69,25503,871],{"class":699},[69,25505,91],{"class":83},[69,25507,881],{"class":699},[69,25509,25510],{"class":703},"year",[69,25512,871],{"class":699},[69,25514,143],{"class":83},[69,25516,25517],{"class":87}," 2020",[69,25519,9994],{"class":83},[69,25521,25522],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,25523,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,25525,25526,25528,25530,25533,25535,25537],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,25527,123],{"class":75},[69,25529,80],{"class":79},[69,25531,25532],{"class":75}," car",[69,25534,537],{"class":83},[69,25536,17613],{"class":146},[69,25538,9329],{"class":83},[69,25540,25541],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,25542,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,25544,25545,25547,25549,25551],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,25546,172],{"class":128},[69,25548,132],{"class":83},[69,25550,183],{"class":146},[69,25552,166],{"class":83},[69,25554,25555,25557,25559,25561,25563,25565],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,25556,172],{"class":128},[69,25558,132],{"class":83},[69,25560,641],{"class":177},[69,25562,132],{"class":83},[69,25564,183],{"class":146},[69,25566,318],{"class":83},[20,25568,25569],{},[42,25570,321],{},[60,25572,25574],{"className":62,"code":25573,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,25575,25576,25598],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,25577,25578,25580,25582,25584,25586,25588,25590,25592,25594,25596],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,25579,17704],{"class":146},[69,25581,3710],{"class":83},[69,25583,706],{"class":699},[69,25585,25492],{"class":703},[69,25587,706],{"class":699},[69,25589,91],{"class":83},[69,25591,700],{"class":699},[69,25593,25510],{"class":703},[69,25595,706],{"class":699},[69,25597,618],{"class":83},[69,25599,25600,25602,25604,25606,25608,25610],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,25601,674],{"class":79},[69,25603,696],{"class":135},[69,25605,700],{"class":699},[69,25607,17704],{"class":703},[69,25609,706],{"class":699},[69,25611,689],{"class":79},[20,25613,25614,25615,25619,25620,537],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[533,25616,11424,25617,11428],{"href":17758},[15,25618,17761],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[533,25621,11424,25622,11428],{"href":17764},[15,25623,17767],{},[55,25625,25627],{"id":25626},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25629,25630],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[60,25632,25634],{"className":62,"code":25633,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25635,25636,25689,25693,25709],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,25637,25638,25640,25642,25644,25646,25648,25650,25652,25654,25656,25658,25660,25662,25664,25666,25668,25670,25672,25674,25676,25678,25680,25682,25685,25687],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,25639,13555],{"class":75},[69,25641,80],{"class":79},[69,25643,11177],{"class":83},[69,25645,871],{"class":699},[69,25647,8356],{"class":703},[69,25649,871],{"class":699},[69,25651,143],{"class":83},[69,25653,881],{"class":699},[69,25655,13572],{"class":703},[69,25657,871],{"class":699},[69,25659,91],{"class":83},[69,25661,881],{"class":699},[69,25663,9985],{"class":703},[69,25665,871],{"class":699},[69,25667,143],{"class":83},[69,25669,454],{"class":87},[69,25671,91],{"class":83},[69,25673,881],{"class":699},[69,25675,16020],{"class":703},[69,25677,871],{"class":699},[69,25679,143],{"class":83},[69,25681,881],{"class":699},[69,25683,25684],{"class":703},"Math",[69,25686,871],{"class":699},[69,25688,9994],{"class":83},[69,25690,25691],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,25692,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,25694,25695,25697,25699,25701,25703,25705,25707],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,25696,1514],{"class":1053},[69,25698,18899],{"class":75},[69,25700,1574],{"class":1053},[69,25702,13598],{"class":75},[69,25704,537],{"class":83},[69,25706,17613],{"class":146},[69,25708,22285],{"class":83},[69,25710,25711,25713,25715,25717],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,25712,8756],{"class":128},[69,25714,132],{"class":83},[69,25716,15533],{"class":146},[69,25718,166],{"class":83},[20,25720,25721],{},[42,25722,321],{},[60,25724,25726],{"className":62,"code":25725,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25727,25728,25733,25738],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,25729,25730],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,25731,25732],{"class":75},"name\n",[69,25734,25735],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,25736,25737],{"class":75},"age\n",[69,25739,25740],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,25741,25742],{"class":75},"course\n",[20,25744,25745],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[60,25747,25749],{"className":62,"code":25748,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25750,25751,25763],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,25752,25753,25755,25757,25759,25761],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,25754,1514],{"class":1053},[69,25756,18899],{"class":75},[69,25758,1574],{"class":1053},[69,25760,13598],{"class":75},[69,25762,1579],{"class":83},[69,25764,25765,25767,25769,25771],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,25766,8756],{"class":128},[69,25768,132],{"class":83},[69,25770,15533],{"class":146},[69,25772,166],{"class":83},[20,25774,25775,25776,25779],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25777,25778],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[55,25781,1373,25783],{"id":25782},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25784,17755],{},[20,25786,1378,25787,11288],{},[15,25788,17755],{},[29,25790,25791,25794,25797],{},[32,25792,25793],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[32,25795,25796],{},"you want to display available fields",[32,25798,25799],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25801,234],{},[60,25803,25805],{"className":62,"code":25804,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25806,25807,25860,25864,25879,25896],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,25808,25809,25812,25814,25816,25818,25820,25822,25824,25826,25829,25831,25833,25835,25838,25840,25842,25845,25847,25849,25852,25854,25856,25858],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,25810,25811],{"class":75},"product ",[69,25813,80],{"class":79},[69,25815,11177],{"class":83},[69,25817,871],{"class":699},[69,25819,8356],{"class":703},[69,25821,871],{"class":699},[69,25823,143],{"class":83},[69,25825,881],{"class":699},[69,25827,25828],{"class":703},"Book",[69,25830,871],{"class":699},[69,25832,91],{"class":83},[69,25834,881],{"class":699},[69,25836,25837],{"class":703},"price",[69,25839,871],{"class":699},[69,25841,143],{"class":83},[69,25843,25844],{"class":87}," 12.99",[69,25846,91],{"class":83},[69,25848,881],{"class":699},[69,25850,25851],{"class":703},"stock",[69,25853,871],{"class":699},[69,25855,143],{"class":83},[69,25857,109],{"class":87},[69,25859,9994],{"class":83},[69,25861,25862],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,25863,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,25865,25866,25868,25870,25872,25875,25877],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,25867,172],{"class":128},[69,25869,132],{"class":83},[69,25871,871],{"class":699},[69,25873,25874],{"class":703},"Available fields:",[69,25876,871],{"class":699},[69,25878,166],{"class":83},[69,25880,25881,25883,25885,25887,25890,25892,25894],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,25882,1514],{"class":1053},[69,25884,18899],{"class":75},[69,25886,1574],{"class":1053},[69,25888,25889],{"class":75}," product",[69,25891,537],{"class":83},[69,25893,17613],{"class":146},[69,25895,22285],{"class":83},[69,25897,25898,25900,25902,25904],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,25899,8756],{"class":128},[69,25901,132],{"class":83},[69,25903,15533],{"class":146},[69,25905,166],{"class":83},[20,25907,25908],{},[42,25909,321],{},[60,25911,25913],{"className":62,"code":25912,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25914,25915,25922,25926,25931],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,25916,25917,25920],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,25918,25919],{"class":75},"Available fields",[69,25921,1579],{"class":83},[69,25923,25924],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,25925,25732],{"class":75},[69,25927,25928],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,25929,25930],{"class":75},"price\n",[69,25932,25933],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,25934,25935],{"class":75},"stock\n",[20,25937,25938],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[60,25940,25942],{"className":62,"code":25941,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25943,25944,25980,25984],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,25945,25946,25948,25950,25952,25954,25956,25958,25960,25962,25964,25966,25968,25970,25972,25974,25976,25978],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,25947,25811],{"class":75},[69,25949,80],{"class":79},[69,25951,11177],{"class":83},[69,25953,871],{"class":699},[69,25955,8356],{"class":703},[69,25957,871],{"class":699},[69,25959,143],{"class":83},[69,25961,881],{"class":699},[69,25963,25828],{"class":703},[69,25965,871],{"class":699},[69,25967,91],{"class":83},[69,25969,881],{"class":699},[69,25971,25837],{"class":703},[69,25973,871],{"class":699},[69,25975,143],{"class":83},[69,25977,25844],{"class":87},[69,25979,9994],{"class":83},[69,25981,25982],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,25983,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,25985,25986,25988,25990,25992,25994,25996,25998,26000,26002,26004],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,25987,172],{"class":128},[69,25989,132],{"class":83},[69,25991,871],{"class":699},[69,25993,8356],{"class":703},[69,25995,871],{"class":699},[69,25997,21864],{"class":1053},[69,25999,25889],{"class":146},[69,26001,537],{"class":83},[69,26003,17613],{"class":146},[69,26005,7882],{"class":83},[20,26007,26008,26009,537],{},"This works and returns ",[15,26010,224],{},[20,26012,26013],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[60,26015,26017],{"className":62,"code":26016,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,26018,26019],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,26020,26021,26023,26025,26027,26029,26031,26033,26035],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,26022,172],{"class":128},[69,26024,132],{"class":83},[69,26026,871],{"class":699},[69,26028,8356],{"class":703},[69,26030,871],{"class":699},[69,26032,21864],{"class":1053},[69,26034,25889],{"class":146},[69,26036,166],{"class":83},[20,26038,26039,26040,537],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[533,26041,21897],{"href":17842},[55,26043,26045],{"id":26044},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,26047,26048,26049,537],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,26050,17755],{},[377,26052,1780,26054,26056],{"id":26053},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,26055,17755],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,26058,26059,26061],{},[15,26060,17755],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,26063,234],{},[60,26065,26067],{"className":62,"code":26066,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,26068,26069,26105],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,26070,26071,26073,26075,26077,26079,26081,26083,26085,26087,26089,26091,26093,26095,26097,26099,26101,26103],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,26072,9852],{"class":75},[69,26074,80],{"class":79},[69,26076,11177],{"class":83},[69,26078,871],{"class":699},[69,26080,8356],{"class":703},[69,26082,871],{"class":699},[69,26084,143],{"class":83},[69,26086,881],{"class":699},[69,26088,13572],{"class":703},[69,26090,871],{"class":699},[69,26092,91],{"class":83},[69,26094,881],{"class":699},[69,26096,9985],{"class":703},[69,26098,871],{"class":699},[69,26100,143],{"class":83},[69,26102,454],{"class":87},[69,26104,9994],{"class":83},[69,26106,26107,26109,26111,26113,26115,26117],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,26108,172],{"class":128},[69,26110,132],{"class":83},[69,26112,9891],{"class":146},[69,26114,537],{"class":83},[69,26116,17613],{"class":146},[69,26118,7882],{"class":83},[20,26120,26121],{},[42,26122,321],{},[60,26124,26126],{"className":62,"code":26125,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,26127,26128],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,26129,26130,26132,26134,26136,26138,26140,26142,26144,26146,26148],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,26131,17704],{"class":146},[69,26133,3710],{"class":83},[69,26135,706],{"class":699},[69,26137,8356],{"class":703},[69,26139,706],{"class":699},[69,26141,91],{"class":83},[69,26143,700],{"class":699},[69,26145,9985],{"class":703},[69,26147,706],{"class":699},[69,26149,618],{"class":83},[20,26151,26152,26153,537],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[533,26154,26155],{"href":17764},[15,26156,17767],{},[377,26158,26160,26161],{"id":26159},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,26162,17704],{},[20,26164,26165],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[60,26167,26169],{"className":62,"code":26168,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,26170,26171],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,26172,26173,26175,26177,26179,26181,26183,26185,26187,26189],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,26174,331],{"class":83},[69,26176,706],{"class":699},[69,26178,8356],{"class":703},[69,26180,706],{"class":699},[69,26182,91],{"class":83},[69,26184,700],{"class":699},[69,26186,9985],{"class":703},[69,26188,706],{"class":699},[69,26190,117],{"class":83},[20,26192,26193,26194,26196],{},"But ",[15,26195,17755],{}," returns:",[60,26198,26199],{"className":62,"code":26125,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,26200,26201],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,26202,26203,26205,26207,26209,26211,26213,26215,26217,26219,26221],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,26204,17704],{"class":146},[69,26206,3710],{"class":83},[69,26208,706],{"class":699},[69,26210,8356],{"class":703},[69,26212,706],{"class":699},[69,26214,91],{"class":83},[69,26216,700],{"class":699},[69,26218,9985],{"class":703},[69,26220,706],{"class":699},[69,26222,618],{"class":83},[20,26224,26225],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[60,26227,26229],{"className":62,"code":26228,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,26230,26231,26267,26286,26290],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,26232,26233,26235,26237,26239,26241,26243,26245,26247,26249,26251,26253,26255,26257,26259,26261,26263,26265],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,26234,9852],{"class":75},[69,26236,80],{"class":79},[69,26238,11177],{"class":83},[69,26240,871],{"class":699},[69,26242,8356],{"class":703},[69,26244,871],{"class":699},[69,26246,143],{"class":83},[69,26248,881],{"class":699},[69,26250,13572],{"class":703},[69,26252,871],{"class":699},[69,26254,91],{"class":83},[69,26256,881],{"class":699},[69,26258,9985],{"class":703},[69,26260,871],{"class":699},[69,26262,143],{"class":83},[69,26264,454],{"class":87},[69,26266,9994],{"class":83},[69,26268,26269,26272,26274,26276,26278,26280,26282,26284],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,26270,26271],{"class":75},"key_list ",[69,26273,80],{"class":79},[69,26275,2162],{"class":177},[69,26277,132],{"class":83},[69,26279,9891],{"class":146},[69,26281,537],{"class":83},[69,26283,17613],{"class":146},[69,26285,7882],{"class":83},[69,26287,26288],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,26289,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,26291,26292,26294,26296,26299],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,26293,172],{"class":128},[69,26295,132],{"class":83},[69,26297,26298],{"class":146},"key_list",[69,26300,166],{"class":83},[377,26302,26304,26305,26307],{"id":26303},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,26306,17755],{}," on a list or string",[20,26309,26310,26312],{},[15,26311,17755],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,26314,3562],{},[60,26316,26318],{"className":62,"code":26317,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,26319,26320,26340],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,26321,26322,26324,26326,26328,26330,26332,26334,26336,26338],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,26323,76],{"class":75},[69,26325,80],{"class":79},[69,26327,84],{"class":83},[69,26329,88],{"class":87},[69,26331,91],{"class":83},[69,26333,94],{"class":87},[69,26335,91],{"class":83},[69,26337,99],{"class":87},[69,26339,117],{"class":83},[69,26341,26342,26344,26346,26348,26350,26352],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,26343,172],{"class":128},[69,26345,132],{"class":83},[69,26347,4366],{"class":146},[69,26349,537],{"class":83},[69,26351,17613],{"class":146},[69,26353,7882],{"class":83},[20,26355,26356,26357,26360,26361,26363,26364,537],{},"You may get an ",[15,26358,26359],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,26362,17755],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[533,26365,26367,26368,26371],{"href":26366},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,26369,26370],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[377,26373,26375],{"id":26374},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,26377,26378],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[60,26380,26382],{"className":62,"code":26381,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,26383,26384,26408],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,26385,26386,26388,26390,26392,26394,26396,26398,26400,26402,26404,26406],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,26387,9852],{"class":75},[69,26389,80],{"class":79},[69,26391,11177],{"class":83},[69,26393,871],{"class":699},[69,26395,8356],{"class":703},[69,26397,871],{"class":699},[69,26399,143],{"class":83},[69,26401,881],{"class":699},[69,26403,13572],{"class":703},[69,26405,871],{"class":699},[69,26407,9994],{"class":83},[69,26409,26410,26412,26414,26416,26418,26420],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,26411,172],{"class":128},[69,26413,132],{"class":83},[69,26415,9891],{"class":146},[69,26417,537],{"class":83},[69,26419,17613],{"class":25438},[69,26421,166],{"class":83},[20,26423,26424],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,26426,19385],{},[60,26428,26430],{"className":62,"code":26429,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,26431,26432],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,26433,26434,26436,26438,26440,26442,26444],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,26435,172],{"class":128},[69,26437,132],{"class":83},[69,26439,9891],{"class":146},[69,26441,537],{"class":83},[69,26443,17613],{"class":146},[69,26445,7882],{"class":83},[55,26447,1771],{"id":1770},[20,26449,26450,26451,143],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,26452,17755],{},[29,26454,26455,26460,26466,26472],{},[32,26456,840,26457,26459],{},[15,26458,17755],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[32,26461,26462,26463,26465],{},"Thinking ",[15,26464,17755],{}," returns values too",[32,26467,26468,26469,26471],{},"Trying to index ",[15,26470,17704],{}," like a normal list",[32,26473,26474,26475,26477],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,26476,17704],{}," to a list when needed",[20,26479,26480],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[60,26482,26484],{"className":62,"code":26483,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,26485,26486,26518,26532,26536,26546],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,26487,26488,26490,26492,26494,26496,26498,26500,26502,26504,26506,26508,26510,26512,26514,26516],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,26489,9852],{"class":75},[69,26491,80],{"class":79},[69,26493,11177],{"class":83},[69,26495,871],{"class":699},[69,26497,533],{"class":703},[69,26499,871],{"class":699},[69,26501,143],{"class":83},[69,26503,1263],{"class":87},[69,26505,91],{"class":83},[69,26507,881],{"class":699},[69,26509,5465],{"class":703},[69,26511,871],{"class":699},[69,26513,143],{"class":83},[69,26515,94],{"class":87},[69,26517,9994],{"class":83},[69,26519,26520,26522,26524,26526,26528,26530],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,26521,17931],{"class":75},[69,26523,80],{"class":79},[69,26525,15259],{"class":75},[69,26527,537],{"class":83},[69,26529,17613],{"class":146},[69,26531,9329],{"class":83},[69,26533,26534],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,26535,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,26537,26538,26540,26542,26544],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,26539,172],{"class":128},[69,26541,132],{"class":83},[69,26543,17613],{"class":146},[69,26545,166],{"class":83},[69,26547,26548],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,26549,26550],{"class":189},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,26552,26553],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[60,26555,26557],{"className":62,"code":26556,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,26558,26559,26591,26609,26613],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,26560,26561,26563,26565,26567,26569,26571,26573,26575,26577,26579,26581,26583,26585,26587,26589],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,26562,9852],{"class":75},[69,26564,80],{"class":79},[69,26566,11177],{"class":83},[69,26568,871],{"class":699},[69,26570,533],{"class":703},[69,26572,871],{"class":699},[69,26574,143],{"class":83},[69,26576,1263],{"class":87},[69,26578,91],{"class":83},[69,26580,881],{"class":699},[69,26582,5465],{"class":703},[69,26584,871],{"class":699},[69,26586,143],{"class":83},[69,26588,94],{"class":87},[69,26590,9994],{"class":83},[69,26592,26593,26595,26597,26599,26601,26603,26605,26607],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,26594,17931],{"class":75},[69,26596,80],{"class":79},[69,26598,2162],{"class":177},[69,26600,132],{"class":83},[69,26602,9891],{"class":146},[69,26604,537],{"class":83},[69,26606,17613],{"class":146},[69,26608,7882],{"class":83},[69,26610,26611],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,26612,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,26614,26615,26617,26619,26621,26623,26625],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,26616,172],{"class":128},[69,26618,132],{"class":83},[69,26620,17613],{"class":146},[69,26622,331],{"class":83},[69,26624,1226],{"class":87},[69,26626,618],{"class":83},[55,26628,26630],{"id":26629},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26632,11801],{},[60,26634,26636],{"className":62,"code":26635,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26637,26638,26652,26662,26676],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,26639,26640,26642,26644,26646,26648,26650],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,26641,172],{"class":128},[69,26643,132],{"class":83},[69,26645,641],{"class":177},[69,26647,132],{"class":83},[69,26649,12139],{"class":146},[69,26651,318],{"class":83},[69,26653,26654,26656,26658,26660],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,26655,172],{"class":128},[69,26657,132],{"class":83},[69,26659,12139],{"class":146},[69,26661,166],{"class":83},[69,26663,26664,26666,26668,26670,26672,26674],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,26665,172],{"class":128},[69,26667,132],{"class":83},[69,26669,12139],{"class":146},[69,26671,537],{"class":83},[69,26673,17613],{"class":146},[69,26675,7882],{"class":83},[69,26677,26678,26680,26682,26684,26686,26688,26690,26692],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,26679,172],{"class":128},[69,26681,132],{"class":83},[69,26683,178],{"class":177},[69,26685,132],{"class":83},[69,26687,12139],{"class":146},[69,26689,537],{"class":83},[69,26691,17613],{"class":146},[69,26693,6985],{"class":83},[20,26695,26696],{},"These help you confirm:",[29,26698,26699,26702,26705,26710],{},[32,26700,26701],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[32,26703,26704],{},"what data it contains",[32,26706,26707,26708,12396],{},"what ",[15,26709,17755],{},[32,26711,26712],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[55,26714,2519],{"id":2518},[377,26716,24607,26718,5846],{"id":26717},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26719,17755],{},[20,26721,18111,26722,26724],{},[15,26723,17704],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[377,26726,15595,26728,26731],{"id":26727},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26729,26730],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26733,26734,26735,26737,26738,537],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26736,17704],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26739,26740],{},"list(dict.keys())",[377,26742,26744,26745,3218],{"id":26743},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26746,26730],{},[20,26748,26749,26750,26752],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26751,1514],{}," loop.",[377,26754,26756,26757,26759],{"id":26755},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26758,17755],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26761,26762,26763,26765],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26764,17755],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[377,26767,26769],{"id":26768},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26771,1378,26772,537],{},[15,26773,26774],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[55,26776,2620],{"id":2619},[29,26778,26779,26784,26790,26796,26802,26806],{},[32,26780,26781],{},[533,26782,26783],{"href":10076},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[32,26785,26786],{},[533,26787,11424,26788,11428],{"href":17758},[15,26789,17761],{},[32,26791,26792],{},[533,26793,11424,26794,11428],{"href":17764},[15,26795,17767],{},[32,26797,26798],{},[533,26799,26801],{"href":26800},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[32,26803,26804],{},[533,26805,17843],{"href":17842},[32,26807,26808],{},[533,26809,26810,26811,26371],{"href":26366},"How to fix ",[15,26812,26370],{},[2650,26814,26815],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":26817},[26818,26819,26821,26822,26823,26824,26825,26827,26836,26837,26838,26849],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":24938,"depth":120,"text":26820},"What keys() does",{"id":6484,"depth":120,"text":6485},{"id":6130,"depth":120,"text":6131},{"id":18107,"depth":120,"text":18108},{"id":25626,"depth":120,"text":25627},{"id":25782,"depth":120,"text":26826},"When to use keys()",{"id":26044,"depth":120,"text":26045,"children":26828},[26829,26831,26833,26835],{"id":26053,"depth":169,"text":26830},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":26159,"depth":169,"text":26832},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":26303,"depth":169,"text":26834},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":26374,"depth":169,"text":26375},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":26629,"depth":120,"text":26630},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":26839},[26840,26842,26844,26846,26848],{"id":26717,"depth":169,"text":26841},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26727,"depth":169,"text":26843},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26743,"depth":169,"text":26845},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26755,"depth":169,"text":26847},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26768,"depth":169,"text":26769},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24760,"description":26850},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26856,"title":26857,"body":26858,"description":29130,"extension":2697,"meta":29131,"navigation":272,"path":29132,"seo":29133,"stem":29134,"__hash__":29135},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26859,"toc":29083},[26860,26865,26870,26873,26875,27021,27034,27039,27043,27057,27059,27162,27171,27173,27176,27214,27239,27241,27348,27350,27357,27360,27368,27370,27511,27519,27524,27528,27539,27541,27703,27706,27714,27721,27727,27824,27830,27907,27910,27922,27927,27933,27936,27940,28029,28032,28036,28140,28147,28234,28243,28245,28250,28256,28259,28305,28308,28374,28383,28389,28482,28488,28494,28537,28540,28605,28611,28703,28706,28710,28716,28741,28744,28840,28847,28849,28854,28945,28947,28975,28980,28982,28989,28992,28996,29006,29011,29014,29020,29030,29037,29045,29047,29080],[10,26861,12007,26863,12011],{"id":26862},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26864,13454],{},[20,26866,26867,26869],{},[15,26868,13261],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26871,26872],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[55,26874,4327],{"id":4326},[60,26876,26878],{"className":62,"code":26877,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26879,26880,26916,26940,26954,26967,26971,26976,27008],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,26881,26882,26884,26886,26888,26890,26892,26894,26896,26898,26900,26902,26904,26906,26908,26910,26912,26914],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,26883,13897],{"class":75},[69,26885,80],{"class":79},[69,26887,11177],{"class":83},[69,26889,871],{"class":699},[69,26891,8356],{"class":703},[69,26893,871],{"class":699},[69,26895,143],{"class":83},[69,26897,881],{"class":699},[69,26899,13572],{"class":703},[69,26901,871],{"class":699},[69,26903,91],{"class":83},[69,26905,881],{"class":699},[69,26907,9985],{"class":703},[69,26909,871],{"class":699},[69,26911,143],{"class":83},[69,26913,459],{"class":87},[69,26915,9994],{"class":83},[69,26917,26918,26921,26923,26925,26927,26930,26932,26934,26936,26938],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,26919,26920],{"class":75},"removed_age ",[69,26922,80],{"class":79},[69,26924,13940],{"class":75},[69,26926,537],{"class":83},[69,26928,26929],{"class":146},"pop",[69,26931,132],{"class":83},[69,26933,871],{"class":699},[69,26935,9985],{"class":703},[69,26937,871],{"class":699},[69,26939,166],{"class":83},[69,26941,26942,26944,26946,26949,26951],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,26943,172],{"class":128},[69,26945,132],{"class":83},[69,26947,26948],{"class":146},"removed_age",[69,26950,938],{"class":83},[69,26952,26953],{"class":189},"   # 25\n",[69,26955,26956,26958,26960,26962,26964],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,26957,172],{"class":128},[69,26959,132],{"class":83},[69,26961,17996],{"class":146},[69,26963,938],{"class":83},[69,26965,26966],{"class":189},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[69,26968,26969],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,26970,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,26972,26973],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,26974,26975],{"class":189},"# Safe version with default value\n",[69,26977,26978,26981,26983,26985,26987,26989,26991,26993,26995,26997,26999,27001,27004,27006],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,26979,26980],{"class":75},"country ",[69,26982,80],{"class":79},[69,26984,13940],{"class":75},[69,26986,537],{"class":83},[69,26988,26929],{"class":146},[69,26990,132],{"class":83},[69,26992,871],{"class":699},[69,26994,15953],{"class":703},[69,26996,871],{"class":699},[69,26998,91],{"class":83},[69,27000,881],{"class":699},[69,27002,27003],{"class":703},"Not found",[69,27005,871],{"class":699},[69,27007,166],{"class":83},[69,27009,27010,27012,27014,27016,27018],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,27011,172],{"class":128},[69,27013,132],{"class":83},[69,27015,15953],{"class":146},[69,27017,938],{"class":83},[69,27019,27020],{"class":189},"       # Not found\n",[20,27022,1378,27023,27026,27027,27030,27031,27033],{},[15,27024,27025],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,27028,27029],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,27032,20378],{}," when the key might not exist.",[55,27035,202,27037,205],{"id":27036},"what-dictpop-does",[15,27038,13261],{},[20,27040,27041,143],{},[15,27042,13261],{},[29,27044,27045,27048,27051,27054],{},[32,27046,27047],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[32,27049,27050],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[32,27052,27053],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[32,27055,27056],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,27058,234],{},[60,27060,27062],{"className":62,"code":27061,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,27063,27064,27104,27108,27131,27135,27149],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,27065,27066,27068,27070,27072,27074,27076,27078,27080,27082,27084,27086,27088,27090,27092,27094,27096,27098,27100,27102],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,27067,12178],{"class":75},[69,27069,80],{"class":79},[69,27071,11177],{"class":83},[69,27073,871],{"class":699},[69,27075,8356],{"class":703},[69,27077,871],{"class":699},[69,27079,143],{"class":83},[69,27081,881],{"class":699},[69,27083,13914],{"class":703},[69,27085,871],{"class":699},[69,27087,91],{"class":83},[69,27089,881],{"class":699},[69,27091,11095],{"class":703},[69,27093,871],{"class":699},[69,27095,143],{"class":83},[69,27097,881],{"class":699},[69,27099,11102],{"class":703},[69,27101,871],{"class":699},[69,27103,9994],{"class":83},[69,27105,27106],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,27107,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,27109,27110,27113,27115,27117,27119,27121,27123,27125,27127,27129],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,27111,27112],{"class":75},"removed_city ",[69,27114,80],{"class":79},[69,27116,12261],{"class":75},[69,27118,537],{"class":83},[69,27120,26929],{"class":146},[69,27122,132],{"class":83},[69,27124,871],{"class":699},[69,27126,11095],{"class":703},[69,27128,871],{"class":699},[69,27130,166],{"class":83},[69,27132,27133],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,27134,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,27136,27137,27139,27141,27144,27146],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,27138,172],{"class":128},[69,27140,132],{"class":83},[69,27142,27143],{"class":146},"removed_city",[69,27145,938],{"class":83},[69,27147,27148],{"class":189},"  # Paris\n",[69,27150,27151,27153,27155,27157,27159],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,27152,172],{"class":128},[69,27154,132],{"class":83},[69,27156,12272],{"class":146},[69,27158,938],{"class":83},[69,27160,27161],{"class":189},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,27163,1168,27164,27167,27168,537],{},[15,27165,27166],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,27169,27170],{},"\"Paris\"",[55,27172,2888],{"id":2887},[20,27174,27175],{},"There are two common forms:",[60,27177,27179],{"className":62,"code":27178,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,27180,27181,27195],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,27182,27183,27185,27187,27189,27191,27193],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,27184,12139],{"class":75},[69,27186,537],{"class":83},[69,27188,26929],{"class":146},[69,27190,132],{"class":83},[69,27192,15533],{"class":146},[69,27194,166],{"class":83},[69,27196,27197,27199,27201,27203,27205,27207,27209,27212],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,27198,12139],{"class":75},[69,27200,537],{"class":83},[69,27202,26929],{"class":146},[69,27204,132],{"class":83},[69,27206,15533],{"class":146},[69,27208,91],{"class":83},[69,27210,27211],{"class":146}," default",[69,27213,166],{"class":83},[29,27215,27216,27222,27230,27236],{},[32,27217,27218,27221],{},[15,27219,27220],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[32,27223,27224,27226,27227,27229],{},[15,27225,27220],{}," raises ",[15,27228,20378],{}," if the key is missing",[32,27231,27232,27235],{},[15,27233,27234],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[32,27237,27238],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,27240,234],{},[60,27242,27244],{"className":62,"code":27243,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,27245,27246,27278,27282,27307,27335],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,27247,27248,27250,27252,27254,27256,27258,27260,27262,27264,27266,27268,27270,27272,27274,27276],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,27249,5768],{"class":75},[69,27251,80],{"class":79},[69,27253,11177],{"class":83},[69,27255,871],{"class":699},[69,27257,19107],{"class":703},[69,27259,871],{"class":699},[69,27261,143],{"class":83},[69,27263,20589],{"class":87},[69,27265,91],{"class":83},[69,27267,881],{"class":699},[69,27269,19116],{"class":703},[69,27271,871],{"class":699},[69,27273,143],{"class":83},[69,27275,14200],{"class":87},[69,27277,9994],{"class":83},[69,27279,27280],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,27281,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,27283,27284,27286,27288,27290,27292,27294,27296,27298,27300,27302,27304],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,27285,172],{"class":128},[69,27287,132],{"class":83},[69,27289,17080],{"class":146},[69,27291,537],{"class":83},[69,27293,26929],{"class":146},[69,27295,132],{"class":83},[69,27297,871],{"class":699},[69,27299,19107],{"class":703},[69,27301,871],{"class":699},[69,27303,186],{"class":83},[69,27305,27306],{"class":189},"         # 90\n",[69,27308,27309,27311,27313,27315,27317,27319,27321,27323,27325,27327,27329,27331,27333],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,27310,172],{"class":128},[69,27312,132],{"class":83},[69,27314,17080],{"class":146},[69,27316,537],{"class":83},[69,27318,26929],{"class":146},[69,27320,132],{"class":83},[69,27322,871],{"class":699},[69,27324,19125],{"class":703},[69,27326,871],{"class":699},[69,27328,91],{"class":83},[69,27330,158],{"class":87},[69,27332,186],{"class":83},[69,27334,21459],{"class":189},[69,27336,27337,27339,27341,27343,27345],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,27338,172],{"class":128},[69,27340,132],{"class":83},[69,27342,17080],{"class":146},[69,27344,938],{"class":83},[69,27346,27347],{"class":189},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[55,27349,18108],{"id":18107},[20,27351,27352,14746,27354,27356],{},[15,27353,13454],{},[42,27355,5334],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,27358,27359],{},"Instead, it returns:",[29,27361,27362,27365],{},[32,27363,27364],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[32,27366,27367],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,27369,234],{},[60,27371,27373],{"className":62,"code":27372,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,27374,27375,27407,27411,27434,27466,27470,27484,27498],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,27376,27377,27379,27381,27383,27385,27387,27389,27391,27393,27395,27397,27399,27401,27403,27405],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,27378,9852],{"class":75},[69,27380,80],{"class":79},[69,27382,11177],{"class":83},[69,27384,871],{"class":699},[69,27386,533],{"class":703},[69,27388,871],{"class":699},[69,27390,143],{"class":83},[69,27392,6701],{"class":87},[69,27394,91],{"class":83},[69,27396,881],{"class":699},[69,27398,5465],{"class":703},[69,27400,871],{"class":699},[69,27402,143],{"class":83},[69,27404,454],{"class":87},[69,27406,9994],{"class":83},[69,27408,27409],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,27410,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,27412,27413,27416,27418,27420,27422,27424,27426,27428,27430,27432],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,27414,27415],{"class":75},"result1 ",[69,27417,80],{"class":79},[69,27419,15259],{"class":75},[69,27421,537],{"class":83},[69,27423,26929],{"class":146},[69,27425,132],{"class":83},[69,27427,871],{"class":699},[69,27429,533],{"class":703},[69,27431,871],{"class":699},[69,27433,166],{"class":83},[69,27435,27436,27439,27441,27443,27445,27447,27449,27451,27453,27455,27457,27459,27462,27464],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,27437,27438],{"class":75},"result2 ",[69,27440,80],{"class":79},[69,27442,15259],{"class":75},[69,27444,537],{"class":83},[69,27446,26929],{"class":146},[69,27448,132],{"class":83},[69,27450,871],{"class":699},[69,27452,10425],{"class":703},[69,27454,871],{"class":699},[69,27456,91],{"class":83},[69,27458,881],{"class":699},[69,27460,27461],{"class":703},"missing",[69,27463,871],{"class":699},[69,27465,166],{"class":83},[69,27467,27468],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,27469,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,27471,27472,27474,27476,27479,27481],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,27473,172],{"class":128},[69,27475,132],{"class":83},[69,27477,27478],{"class":146},"result1",[69,27480,938],{"class":83},[69,27482,27483],{"class":189},"  # 10\n",[69,27485,27486,27488,27490,27493,27495],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,27487,172],{"class":128},[69,27489,132],{"class":83},[69,27491,27492],{"class":146},"result2",[69,27494,938],{"class":83},[69,27496,27497],{"class":189},"  # missing\n",[69,27499,27500,27502,27504,27506,27508],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,27501,172],{"class":128},[69,27503,132],{"class":83},[69,27505,9891],{"class":146},[69,27507,938],{"class":83},[69,27509,27510],{"class":189},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,27512,27513,27514,7319],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[533,27515,27516],{"href":11423},[15,27517,27518],{},"dict.get()",[55,27520,1373,27522],{"id":27521},"when-to-use-pop",[15,27523,13454],{},[20,27525,1378,27526,11288],{},[15,27527,13454],{},[29,27529,27530,27533,27536],{},[32,27531,27532],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[32,27534,27535],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[32,27537,27538],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,27540,234],{},[60,27542,27544],{"className":62,"code":27543,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,27545,27546,27598,27602,27629,27633,27657,27661,27675,27689],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,27547,27548,27550,27552,27554,27556,27558,27560,27562,27564,27567,27569,27571,27573,27575,27577,27579,27582,27584,27586,27589,27591,27593,27596],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,27549,25811],{"class":75},[69,27551,80],{"class":79},[69,27553,11177],{"class":83},[69,27555,871],{"class":699},[69,27557,8356],{"class":703},[69,27559,871],{"class":699},[69,27561,143],{"class":83},[69,27563,881],{"class":699},[69,27565,27566],{"class":703},"Laptop",[69,27568,871],{"class":699},[69,27570,91],{"class":83},[69,27572,881],{"class":699},[69,27574,25837],{"class":703},[69,27576,871],{"class":699},[69,27578,143],{"class":83},[69,27580,27581],{"class":87}," 1200",[69,27583,91],{"class":83},[69,27585,881],{"class":699},[69,27587,27588],{"class":703},"discount",[69,27590,871],{"class":699},[69,27592,143],{"class":83},[69,27594,27595],{"class":87}," 200",[69,27597,9994],{"class":83},[69,27599,27600],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,27601,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,27603,27604,27607,27609,27611,27613,27615,27617,27619,27621,27623,27625,27627],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,27605,27606],{"class":75},"discount_amount ",[69,27608,80],{"class":79},[69,27610,25889],{"class":75},[69,27612,537],{"class":83},[69,27614,26929],{"class":146},[69,27616,132],{"class":83},[69,27618,871],{"class":699},[69,27620,27588],{"class":703},[69,27622,871],{"class":699},[69,27624,91],{"class":83},[69,27626,158],{"class":87},[69,27628,166],{"class":83},[69,27630,27631],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,27632,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,27634,27635,27638,27640,27642,27644,27646,27648,27650,27652,27654],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,27636,27637],{"class":75},"final_price ",[69,27639,80],{"class":79},[69,27641,25889],{"class":75},[69,27643,331],{"class":83},[69,27645,871],{"class":699},[69,27647,25837],{"class":703},[69,27649,871],{"class":699},[69,27651,13966],{"class":83},[69,27653,1979],{"class":79},[69,27655,27656],{"class":75}," discount_amount\n",[69,27658,27659],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,27660,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,27662,27663,27665,27667,27670,27672],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,27664,172],{"class":128},[69,27666,132],{"class":83},[69,27668,27669],{"class":146},"discount_amount",[69,27671,938],{"class":83},[69,27673,27674],{"class":189},"  # 200\n",[69,27676,27677,27679,27681,27684,27686],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,27678,172],{"class":128},[69,27680,132],{"class":83},[69,27682,27683],{"class":146},"final_price",[69,27685,938],{"class":83},[69,27687,27688],{"class":189},"      # 1000\n",[69,27690,27691,27693,27695,27698,27700],{"class":71,"line":7120},[69,27692,172],{"class":128},[69,27694,132],{"class":83},[69,27696,27697],{"class":146},"product",[69,27699,938],{"class":83},[69,27701,27702],{"class":189},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27704,27705],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[55,27707,27709,11272,27711],{"id":27708},"pop-vs-del",[15,27710,13454],{},[15,27712,27713],{},"del",[20,27715,11277,27716,5096,27718,27720],{},[15,27717,13454],{},[15,27719,27713],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[377,27722,1378,27724,27726],{"id":27723},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27725,13454],{}," when you need the removed value",[60,27728,27730],{"className":62,"code":27729,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27731,27732,27768,27772,27794,27798,27811],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,27733,27734,27736,27738,27740,27742,27744,27746,27748,27750,27752,27754,27756,27758,27760,27762,27764,27766],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,27735,13897],{"class":75},[69,27737,80],{"class":79},[69,27739,11177],{"class":83},[69,27741,871],{"class":699},[69,27743,8356],{"class":703},[69,27745,871],{"class":699},[69,27747,143],{"class":83},[69,27749,881],{"class":699},[69,27751,13572],{"class":703},[69,27753,871],{"class":699},[69,27755,91],{"class":83},[69,27757,881],{"class":699},[69,27759,9985],{"class":703},[69,27761,871],{"class":699},[69,27763,143],{"class":83},[69,27765,459],{"class":87},[69,27767,9994],{"class":83},[69,27769,27770],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,27771,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,27773,27774,27776,27778,27780,27782,27784,27786,27788,27790,27792],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,27775,22318],{"class":75},[69,27777,80],{"class":79},[69,27779,13940],{"class":75},[69,27781,537],{"class":83},[69,27783,26929],{"class":146},[69,27785,132],{"class":83},[69,27787,871],{"class":699},[69,27789,9985],{"class":703},[69,27791,871],{"class":699},[69,27793,166],{"class":83},[69,27795,27796],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,27797,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,27799,27800,27802,27804,27806,27808],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,27801,172],{"class":128},[69,27803,132],{"class":83},[69,27805,9985],{"class":146},[69,27807,938],{"class":83},[69,27809,27810],{"class":189},"     # 25\n",[69,27812,27813,27815,27817,27819,27821],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,27814,172],{"class":128},[69,27816,132],{"class":83},[69,27818,17996],{"class":146},[69,27820,938],{"class":83},[69,27822,27823],{"class":189},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[377,27825,1378,27827,27829],{"id":27826},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27828,27713],{}," when you only want deletion",[60,27831,27833],{"className":62,"code":27832,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27834,27835,27871,27875,27891,27895],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,27836,27837,27839,27841,27843,27845,27847,27849,27851,27853,27855,27857,27859,27861,27863,27865,27867,27869],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,27838,13897],{"class":75},[69,27840,80],{"class":79},[69,27842,11177],{"class":83},[69,27844,871],{"class":699},[69,27846,8356],{"class":703},[69,27848,871],{"class":699},[69,27850,143],{"class":83},[69,27852,881],{"class":699},[69,27854,13572],{"class":703},[69,27856,871],{"class":699},[69,27858,91],{"class":83},[69,27860,881],{"class":699},[69,27862,9985],{"class":703},[69,27864,871],{"class":699},[69,27866,143],{"class":83},[69,27868,459],{"class":87},[69,27870,9994],{"class":83},[69,27872,27873],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,27874,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,27876,27877,27879,27881,27883,27885,27887,27889],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,27878,27713],{"class":1053},[69,27880,13940],{"class":75},[69,27882,331],{"class":83},[69,27884,871],{"class":699},[69,27886,9985],{"class":703},[69,27888,871],{"class":699},[69,27890,117],{"class":83},[69,27892,27893],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,27894,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,27896,27897,27899,27901,27903,27905],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,27898,172],{"class":128},[69,27900,132],{"class":83},[69,27902,17996],{"class":146},[69,27904,938],{"class":83},[69,27906,27823],{"class":189},[20,27908,27909],{},"Difference:",[29,27911,27912,27917],{},[32,27913,27914,27916],{},[15,27915,13454],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[32,27918,27919,27921],{},[15,27920,27713],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27923,27924,27925,537],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[533,27926,13266],{"href":13265},[55,27928,27930,27931],{"id":27929},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27932,20378],{},[20,27934,27935],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[377,27937,27939],{"id":27938},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[60,27941,27943],{"className":62,"code":27942,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27944,27945,27970,27974,28000,28004,28016],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,27946,27947,27949,27951,27953,27955,27957,27959,27961,27963,27966,27968],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,27948,12415],{"class":75},[69,27950,80],{"class":79},[69,27952,11177],{"class":83},[69,27954,871],{"class":699},[69,27956,8356],{"class":703},[69,27958,871],{"class":699},[69,27960,143],{"class":83},[69,27962,881],{"class":699},[69,27964,27965],{"class":703},"Sara",[69,27967,871],{"class":699},[69,27969,9994],{"class":83},[69,27971,27972],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,27973,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,27975,27976,27978,27980,27982,27984,27986,27988,27990,27992,27994,27996,27998],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,27977,3173],{"class":75},[69,27979,80],{"class":79},[69,27981,12457],{"class":75},[69,27983,537],{"class":83},[69,27985,26929],{"class":146},[69,27987,132],{"class":83},[69,27989,871],{"class":699},[69,27991,9985],{"class":703},[69,27993,871],{"class":699},[69,27995,91],{"class":83},[69,27997,1282],{"class":1203},[69,27999,166],{"class":83},[69,28001,28002],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,28003,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,28005,28006,28008,28010,28012,28014],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,28007,172],{"class":128},[69,28009,132],{"class":83},[69,28011,3198],{"class":146},[69,28013,938],{"class":83},[69,28015,21252],{"class":189},[69,28017,28018,28020,28022,28024,28026],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,28019,172],{"class":128},[69,28021,132],{"class":83},[69,28023,12139],{"class":146},[69,28025,938],{"class":83},[69,28027,28028],{"class":189}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,28030,28031],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[377,28033,28035],{"id":28034},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[60,28037,28039],{"className":62,"code":28038,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,28040,28041,28065,28069,28085,28108,28118,28125],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,28042,28043,28045,28047,28049,28051,28053,28055,28057,28059,28061,28063],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,28044,12415],{"class":75},[69,28046,80],{"class":79},[69,28048,11177],{"class":83},[69,28050,871],{"class":699},[69,28052,8356],{"class":703},[69,28054,871],{"class":699},[69,28056,143],{"class":83},[69,28058,881],{"class":699},[69,28060,27965],{"class":703},[69,28062,871],{"class":699},[69,28064,9994],{"class":83},[69,28066,28067],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,28068,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,28070,28071,28073,28075,28077,28079,28081,28083],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,28072,1712],{"class":1053},[69,28074,881],{"class":699},[69,28076,9985],{"class":703},[69,28078,871],{"class":699},[69,28080,21864],{"class":79},[69,28082,12457],{"class":75},[69,28084,1579],{"class":83},[69,28086,28087,28090,28092,28094,28096,28098,28100,28102,28104,28106],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,28088,28089],{"class":75},"    value ",[69,28091,80],{"class":79},[69,28093,12457],{"class":75},[69,28095,537],{"class":83},[69,28097,26929],{"class":146},[69,28099,132],{"class":83},[69,28101,871],{"class":699},[69,28103,9985],{"class":703},[69,28105,871],{"class":699},[69,28107,166],{"class":83},[69,28109,28110,28112,28114,28116],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,28111,8756],{"class":128},[69,28113,132],{"class":83},[69,28115,3198],{"class":146},[69,28117,166],{"class":83},[69,28119,28120,28123],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,28121,28122],{"class":1053},"else",[69,28124,1579],{"class":83},[69,28126,28127,28129,28131,28133,28136,28138],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,28128,8756],{"class":128},[69,28130,132],{"class":83},[69,28132,871],{"class":699},[69,28134,28135],{"class":703},"Key not found",[69,28137,871],{"class":699},[69,28139,166],{"class":83},[377,28141,28143,28144,28146],{"id":28142},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,28145,11427],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[60,28148,28150],{"className":62,"code":28149,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,28151,28152,28176,28180,28206,28210,28222],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,28153,28154,28156,28158,28160,28162,28164,28166,28168,28170,28172,28174],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,28155,12415],{"class":75},[69,28157,80],{"class":79},[69,28159,11177],{"class":83},[69,28161,871],{"class":699},[69,28163,8356],{"class":703},[69,28165,871],{"class":699},[69,28167,143],{"class":83},[69,28169,881],{"class":699},[69,28171,27965],{"class":703},[69,28173,871],{"class":699},[69,28175,9994],{"class":83},[69,28177,28178],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,28179,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,28181,28182,28184,28186,28188,28190,28192,28194,28196,28198,28200,28202,28204],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,28183,3173],{"class":75},[69,28185,80],{"class":79},[69,28187,12457],{"class":75},[69,28189,537],{"class":83},[69,28191,20441],{"class":146},[69,28193,132],{"class":83},[69,28195,871],{"class":699},[69,28197,9985],{"class":703},[69,28199,871],{"class":699},[69,28201,91],{"class":83},[69,28203,1282],{"class":1203},[69,28205,166],{"class":83},[69,28207,28208],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,28209,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,28211,28212,28214,28216,28218,28220],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,28213,172],{"class":128},[69,28215,132],{"class":83},[69,28217,3198],{"class":146},[69,28219,938],{"class":83},[69,28221,21252],{"class":189},[69,28223,28224,28226,28228,28230,28232],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,28225,172],{"class":128},[69,28227,132],{"class":83},[69,28229,12139],{"class":146},[69,28231,938],{"class":83},[69,28233,28028],{"class":189},[20,28235,1378,28236,28240,28241,537],{},[533,28237,28238],{"href":11423},[15,28239,27518],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[533,28242,11951],{"href":11762},[55,28244,5222],{"id":5221},[20,28246,28247,28248,537],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,28249,13261],{},[377,28251,26462,28253,28255],{"id":28252},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,28254,13454],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,28257,28258],{},"Lists use indexes:",[60,28260,28262],{"className":62,"code":28261,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,28263,28264,28284],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,28265,28266,28268,28270,28272,28274,28276,28278,28280,28282],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,28267,76],{"class":75},[69,28269,80],{"class":79},[69,28271,84],{"class":83},[69,28273,444],{"class":87},[69,28275,91],{"class":83},[69,28277,454],{"class":87},[69,28279,91],{"class":83},[69,28281,8482],{"class":87},[69,28283,117],{"class":83},[69,28285,28286,28288,28290,28292,28294,28296,28298,28300,28302],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,28287,172],{"class":128},[69,28289,132],{"class":83},[69,28291,4366],{"class":146},[69,28293,537],{"class":83},[69,28295,26929],{"class":146},[69,28297,132],{"class":83},[69,28299,88],{"class":87},[69,28301,186],{"class":83},[69,28303,28304],{"class":189},"  # 20\n",[20,28306,28307],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[60,28309,28311],{"className":62,"code":28310,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,28312,28313,28349],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,28314,28315,28317,28319,28321,28323,28325,28327,28329,28331,28333,28335,28337,28339,28341,28343,28345,28347],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,28316,13897],{"class":75},[69,28318,80],{"class":79},[69,28320,11177],{"class":83},[69,28322,871],{"class":699},[69,28324,8356],{"class":703},[69,28326,871],{"class":699},[69,28328,143],{"class":83},[69,28330,881],{"class":699},[69,28332,13572],{"class":703},[69,28334,871],{"class":699},[69,28336,91],{"class":83},[69,28338,881],{"class":699},[69,28340,9985],{"class":703},[69,28342,871],{"class":699},[69,28344,143],{"class":83},[69,28346,459],{"class":87},[69,28348,9994],{"class":83},[69,28350,28351,28353,28355,28357,28359,28361,28363,28365,28367,28369,28371],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,28352,172],{"class":128},[69,28354,132],{"class":83},[69,28356,17996],{"class":146},[69,28358,537],{"class":83},[69,28360,26929],{"class":146},[69,28362,132],{"class":83},[69,28364,871],{"class":699},[69,28366,9985],{"class":703},[69,28368,871],{"class":699},[69,28370,186],{"class":83},[69,28372,28373],{"class":189},"  # 25\n",[20,28375,28376,28377,28379,28380,28382],{},"A dictionary does ",[42,28378,5334],{}," use positions with ",[15,28381,13454],{},". It uses keys.",[377,28384,5408,28386,28388],{"id":28385},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,28387,13454],{}," changes the original dictionary",[60,28390,28392],{"className":62,"code":28391,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,28393,28394,28426,28430,28452,28456,28469],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,28395,28396,28398,28400,28402,28404,28406,28408,28410,28412,28414,28416,28418,28420,28422,28424],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,28397,9852],{"class":75},[69,28399,80],{"class":79},[69,28401,11177],{"class":83},[69,28403,871],{"class":699},[69,28405,2904],{"class":703},[69,28407,871],{"class":699},[69,28409,143],{"class":83},[69,28411,1263],{"class":87},[69,28413,91],{"class":83},[69,28415,881],{"class":699},[69,28417,12436],{"class":703},[69,28419,871],{"class":699},[69,28421,143],{"class":83},[69,28423,94],{"class":87},[69,28425,9994],{"class":83},[69,28427,28428],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,28429,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,28431,28432,28434,28436,28438,28440,28442,28444,28446,28448,28450],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,28433,3173],{"class":75},[69,28435,80],{"class":79},[69,28437,15259],{"class":75},[69,28439,537],{"class":83},[69,28441,26929],{"class":146},[69,28443,132],{"class":83},[69,28445,871],{"class":699},[69,28447,2904],{"class":703},[69,28449,871],{"class":699},[69,28451,166],{"class":83},[69,28453,28454],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,28455,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,28457,28458,28460,28462,28464,28466],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,28459,172],{"class":128},[69,28461,132],{"class":83},[69,28463,3198],{"class":146},[69,28465,938],{"class":83},[69,28467,28468],{"class":189},"  # 1\n",[69,28470,28471,28473,28475,28477,28479],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,28472,172],{"class":128},[69,28474,132],{"class":83},[69,28476,9891],{"class":146},[69,28478,938],{"class":83},[69,28480,28481],{"class":189},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,28483,28484,28485,28487],{},"After ",[15,28486,13454],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[377,28489,840,28491,28493],{"id":28490},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,28492,13454],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[60,28495,28497],{"className":62,"code":28496,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,28498,28499,28523,28527,28532],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,28500,28501,28503,28505,28507,28509,28511,28513,28515,28517,28519,28521],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,28502,9852],{"class":75},[69,28504,80],{"class":79},[69,28506,11177],{"class":83},[69,28508,871],{"class":699},[69,28510,8356],{"class":703},[69,28512,871],{"class":699},[69,28514,143],{"class":83},[69,28516,881],{"class":699},[69,28518,8608],{"class":703},[69,28520,871],{"class":699},[69,28522,9994],{"class":83},[69,28524,28525],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,28526,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,28528,28529],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,28530,28531],{"class":189},"# This causes an error\n",[69,28533,28534],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,28535,28536],{"class":189},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,28538,28539],{},"Safer version:",[60,28541,28543],{"className":62,"code":28542,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,28544,28545,28569,28573],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,28546,28547,28549,28551,28553,28555,28557,28559,28561,28563,28565,28567],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,28548,9852],{"class":75},[69,28550,80],{"class":79},[69,28552,11177],{"class":83},[69,28554,871],{"class":699},[69,28556,8356],{"class":703},[69,28558,871],{"class":699},[69,28560,143],{"class":83},[69,28562,881],{"class":699},[69,28564,8608],{"class":703},[69,28566,871],{"class":699},[69,28568,9994],{"class":83},[69,28570,28571],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,28572,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,28574,28575,28577,28579,28581,28583,28585,28587,28589,28591,28593,28595,28597,28599,28601,28603],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,28576,172],{"class":128},[69,28578,132],{"class":83},[69,28580,9891],{"class":146},[69,28582,537],{"class":83},[69,28584,26929],{"class":146},[69,28586,132],{"class":83},[69,28588,871],{"class":699},[69,28590,9985],{"class":703},[69,28592,871],{"class":699},[69,28594,91],{"class":83},[69,28596,881],{"class":699},[69,28598,27461],{"class":703},[69,28600,871],{"class":699},[69,28602,186],{"class":83},[69,28604,27497],{"class":189},[377,28606,1780,28608,28610],{"id":28607},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,28609,13454],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[60,28612,28614],{"className":62,"code":28613,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,28615,28616,28648,28652,28674,28678,28690],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,28617,28618,28620,28622,28624,28626,28628,28630,28632,28634,28636,28638,28640,28642,28644,28646],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,28619,9852],{"class":75},[69,28621,80],{"class":79},[69,28623,11177],{"class":83},[69,28625,871],{"class":699},[69,28627,533],{"class":703},[69,28629,871],{"class":699},[69,28631,143],{"class":83},[69,28633,1263],{"class":87},[69,28635,91],{"class":83},[69,28637,881],{"class":699},[69,28639,5465],{"class":703},[69,28641,871],{"class":699},[69,28643,143],{"class":83},[69,28645,94],{"class":87},[69,28647,9994],{"class":83},[69,28649,28650],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,28651,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,28653,28654,28656,28658,28660,28662,28664,28666,28668,28670,28672],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,28655,123],{"class":75},[69,28657,80],{"class":79},[69,28659,15259],{"class":75},[69,28661,537],{"class":83},[69,28663,26929],{"class":146},[69,28665,132],{"class":83},[69,28667,871],{"class":699},[69,28669,533],{"class":703},[69,28671,871],{"class":699},[69,28673,166],{"class":83},[69,28675,28676],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,28677,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,28679,28680,28682,28684,28686,28688],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,28681,172],{"class":128},[69,28683,132],{"class":83},[69,28685,183],{"class":146},[69,28687,938],{"class":83},[69,28689,28468],{"class":189},[69,28691,28692,28694,28696,28698,28700],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,28693,172],{"class":128},[69,28695,132],{"class":83},[69,28697,9891],{"class":146},[69,28699,938],{"class":83},[69,28701,28702],{"class":189},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28704,28705],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[55,28707,28709],{"id":28708},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28711,28712,28713,28715],{},"Problems with ",[15,28714,13261],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[29,28717,28718,28721,28730,28733],{},[32,28719,28720],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[32,28722,28723,28724,28727,28728],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28725,28726],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28729,27025],{},[32,28731,28732],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[32,28734,28735,28736,11780,28738],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28737,88],{},[15,28739,28740],{},"\"1\"",[20,28742,28743],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[60,28745,28747],{"className":62,"code":28746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28748,28749,28773,28777,28807],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,28750,28751,28753,28755,28757,28759,28761,28763,28765,28767,28769,28771],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,28752,9852],{"class":75},[69,28754,80],{"class":79},[69,28756,11177],{"class":83},[69,28758,871],{"class":699},[69,28760,88],{"class":703},[69,28762,871],{"class":699},[69,28764,143],{"class":83},[69,28766,881],{"class":699},[69,28768,7273],{"class":703},[69,28770,871],{"class":699},[69,28772,9994],{"class":83},[69,28774,28775],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,28776,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,28778,28779,28781,28783,28785,28787,28789,28791,28793,28795,28797,28800,28802,28804],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,28780,172],{"class":128},[69,28782,132],{"class":83},[69,28784,9891],{"class":146},[69,28786,537],{"class":83},[69,28788,26929],{"class":146},[69,28790,132],{"class":83},[69,28792,88],{"class":87},[69,28794,91],{"class":83},[69,28796,881],{"class":699},[69,28798,28799],{"class":703},"not found",[69,28801,871],{"class":699},[69,28803,186],{"class":83},[69,28805,28806],{"class":189},"    # not found\n",[69,28808,28809,28811,28813,28815,28817,28819,28821,28823,28825,28827,28829,28831,28833,28835,28837],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,28810,172],{"class":128},[69,28812,132],{"class":83},[69,28814,9891],{"class":146},[69,28816,537],{"class":83},[69,28818,26929],{"class":146},[69,28820,132],{"class":83},[69,28822,871],{"class":699},[69,28824,88],{"class":703},[69,28826,871],{"class":699},[69,28828,91],{"class":83},[69,28830,881],{"class":699},[69,28832,28799],{"class":703},[69,28834,871],{"class":699},[69,28836,186],{"class":83},[69,28838,28839],{"class":189},"  # one\n",[20,28841,28842,5096,28844,28846],{},[15,28843,88],{},[15,28845,28740],{}," are different keys.",[55,28848,9558],{"id":9557},[20,28850,9561,28851,28853],{},[15,28852,13454],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[60,28855,28857],{"className":62,"code":28856,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28858,28859,28869,28883,28901,28931],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,28860,28861,28863,28865,28867],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,28862,172],{"class":128},[69,28864,132],{"class":83},[69,28866,12139],{"class":146},[69,28868,166],{"class":83},[69,28870,28871,28873,28875,28877,28879,28881],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,28872,172],{"class":128},[69,28874,132],{"class":83},[69,28876,12139],{"class":146},[69,28878,537],{"class":83},[69,28880,17613],{"class":146},[69,28882,7882],{"class":83},[69,28884,28885,28887,28889,28891,28893,28895,28897,28899],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,28886,172],{"class":128},[69,28888,132],{"class":83},[69,28890,706],{"class":699},[69,28892,8356],{"class":703},[69,28894,706],{"class":699},[69,28896,21864],{"class":1053},[69,28898,12457],{"class":146},[69,28900,166],{"class":83},[69,28902,28903,28905,28907,28909,28911,28913,28915,28917,28919,28921,28923,28925,28927,28929],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,28904,172],{"class":128},[69,28906,132],{"class":83},[69,28908,12139],{"class":146},[69,28910,537],{"class":83},[69,28912,26929],{"class":146},[69,28914,132],{"class":83},[69,28916,706],{"class":699},[69,28918,8356],{"class":703},[69,28920,706],{"class":699},[69,28922,91],{"class":83},[69,28924,700],{"class":699},[69,28926,27461],{"class":703},[69,28928,706],{"class":699},[69,28930,318],{"class":83},[69,28932,28933,28935,28937,28939,28941,28943],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,28934,172],{"class":128},[69,28936,132],{"class":83},[69,28938,641],{"class":177},[69,28940,132],{"class":83},[69,28942,12139],{"class":146},[69,28944,318],{"class":83},[20,28946,22027],{},[29,28948,28949,28954,28959,28964,28970],{},[32,28950,28951,28953],{},[15,28952,13371],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[32,28955,28956,28958],{},[15,28957,22039],{}," shows all available keys",[32,28960,28961,28963],{},[15,28962,22045],{}," checks whether a key exists",[32,28965,28966,28969],{},[15,28967,28968],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[32,28971,28972,28974],{},[15,28973,13377],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28976,28977,28978,537],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[533,28979,10077],{"href":10076},[55,28981,2519],{"id":2518},[377,28983,28985,28986,28988],{"id":28984},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28987,13454],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28990,28991],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[377,28993,28995],{"id":28994},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28997,28998,27226,29000,29002,29003,29005],{},[15,28999,27025],{},[15,29001,20378],{},". ",[15,29004,27029],{}," returns the default value instead.",[377,29007,2523,29009,15588],{"id":29008},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,29010,13454],{},[20,29012,29013],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[377,29015,2551,29017,29019],{"id":29016},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary",[15,29018,13454],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,29021,29022,29023,29025,29026,537],{},"Not with ",[15,29024,13261],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[533,29027,29028],{"href":13272},[15,29029,13461],{},[377,29031,5881,29033,5096,29035,3218],{"id":29032},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,29034,11427],{},[15,29036,13454],{},[20,29038,29039,29041,29042,29044],{},[15,29040,11427],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,29043,13454],{}," reads and removes it.",[55,29046,2620],{"id":2619},[29,29048,29049,29055,29062,29066,29070,29074],{},[32,29050,29051],{},[533,29052,29053],{"href":11423},[15,29054,20359],{},[32,29056,29057],{},[533,29058,29059],{"href":13272},[15,29060,29061],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[32,29063,29064],{},[533,29065,13478],{"href":13265},[32,29067,29068],{},[533,29069,22147],{"href":17288},[32,29071,29072],{},[533,29073,11951],{"href":11762},[32,29075,29076],{},[533,29077,29079],{"href":29078},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2650,29081,29082],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":29084},[29085,29086,29088,29089,29090,29092,29099,29106,29116,29117,29118,29129],{"id":4326,"depth":120,"text":4327},{"id":27036,"depth":120,"text":29087},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":18107,"depth":120,"text":18108},{"id":27521,"depth":120,"text":29091},"When to use pop()",{"id":27708,"depth":120,"text":29093,"children":29094},"pop() vs del",[29095,29097],{"id":27723,"depth":169,"text":29096},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27826,"depth":169,"text":29098},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27929,"depth":120,"text":29100,"children":29101},"How to avoid KeyError",[29102,29103,29104],{"id":27938,"depth":169,"text":27939},{"id":28034,"depth":169,"text":28035},{"id":28142,"depth":169,"text":29105},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":5221,"depth":120,"text":5222,"children":29107},[29108,29110,29112,29114],{"id":28252,"depth":169,"text":29109},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":28385,"depth":169,"text":29111},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":28490,"depth":169,"text":29113},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28607,"depth":169,"text":29115},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28708,"depth":120,"text":28709},{"id":9557,"depth":120,"text":9558},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":29119},[29120,29122,29123,29125,29127],{"id":28984,"depth":169,"text":29121},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28994,"depth":169,"text":28995},{"id":29008,"depth":169,"text":29124},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":29016,"depth":169,"text":29126},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":29032,"depth":169,"text":29128},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26857,"description":29130},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":29137,"title":29061,"body":29138,"description":31078,"extension":2697,"meta":31079,"navigation":272,"path":31080,"seo":31081,"stem":31082,"__hash__":31083},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":29139,"toc":31042},[29140,29145,29150,29153,29161,29171,29173,29262,29266,29315,29320,29325,29329,29345,29348,29350,29365,29367,29383,29390,29394,29400,29409,29411,29480,29484,29505,29508,29527,29530,29553,29555,29558,29673,29677,29736,29743,29747,29753,29878,29882,29932,29935,29939,29946,29948,30011,30015,30036,30039,30048,30063,30071,30078,30082,30094,30098,30109,30111,30257,30261,30320,30327,30332,30336,30342,30365,30370,30389,30393,30464,30471,30544,30553,30558,30563,30574,30577,30714,30719,30751,30756,30758,30762,30822,30825,30882,30885,30928,30930,30935,30941,30947,30950,30957,30965,30970,30973,30980,30988,30990,31039],[10,29141,12007,29143,12011],{"id":29142},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,29144,13461],{},[20,29146,2714,29147,29149],{},[15,29148,13461],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,29151,29152],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[29,29154,29155,29158],{},[32,29156,29157],{},"remove an item",[32,29159,29160],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,29162,29163,29164,29166,29167,29170],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,29165,13461],{}," removes the ",[42,29168,29169],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[55,29172,58],{"id":57},[60,29174,29176],{"className":62,"code":29175,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,29177,29178,29222,29238,29242,29252],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,29179,29180,29182,29184,29186,29188,29190,29192,29194,29196,29198,29200,29202,29204,29206,29208,29210,29212,29214,29216,29218,29220],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,29181,9852],{"class":75},[69,29183,80],{"class":79},[69,29185,11177],{"class":83},[69,29187,871],{"class":699},[69,29189,533],{"class":703},[69,29191,871],{"class":699},[69,29193,143],{"class":83},[69,29195,1263],{"class":87},[69,29197,91],{"class":83},[69,29199,881],{"class":699},[69,29201,5465],{"class":703},[69,29203,871],{"class":699},[69,29205,143],{"class":83},[69,29207,94],{"class":87},[69,29209,91],{"class":83},[69,29211,881],{"class":699},[69,29213,10425],{"class":703},[69,29215,871],{"class":699},[69,29217,143],{"class":83},[69,29219,99],{"class":87},[69,29221,9994],{"class":83},[69,29223,29224,29227,29229,29231,29233,29236],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,29225,29226],{"class":75},"item ",[69,29228,80],{"class":79},[69,29230,15259],{"class":75},[69,29232,537],{"class":83},[69,29234,29235],{"class":146},"popitem",[69,29237,9329],{"class":83},[69,29239,29240],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,29241,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,29243,29244,29246,29248,29250],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,29245,172],{"class":128},[69,29247,132],{"class":83},[69,29249,23999],{"class":146},[69,29251,166],{"class":83},[69,29253,29254,29256,29258,29260],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,29255,172],{"class":128},[69,29257,132],{"class":83},[69,29259,9891],{"class":146},[69,29261,166],{"class":83},[20,29263,29264],{},[42,29265,321],{},[60,29267,29269],{"className":62,"code":29268,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,29270,29271,29287],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,29272,29273,29275,29277,29279,29281,29283,29285],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,29274,132],{"class":83},[69,29276,706],{"class":699},[69,29278,10425],{"class":703},[69,29280,706],{"class":699},[69,29282,91],{"class":83},[69,29284,99],{"class":87},[69,29286,166],{"class":83},[69,29288,29289,29291,29293,29295,29297,29299,29301,29303,29305,29307,29309,29311,29313],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,29290,9964],{"class":83},[69,29292,706],{"class":699},[69,29294,533],{"class":703},[69,29296,706],{"class":699},[69,29298,143],{"class":83},[69,29300,1263],{"class":87},[69,29302,91],{"class":83},[69,29304,700],{"class":699},[69,29306,5465],{"class":703},[69,29308,706],{"class":699},[69,29310,143],{"class":83},[69,29312,94],{"class":87},[69,29314,9994],{"class":83},[20,29316,29317,29319],{},[15,29318,13461],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[55,29321,202,29323,205],{"id":29322},"what-popitem-does",[15,29324,13461],{},[20,29326,29327,143],{},[15,29328,13461],{},[29,29330,29331,29334,29339,29342],{},[32,29332,29333],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[32,29335,29336,29337],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,29338,22345],{},[32,29340,29341],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[32,29343,29344],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,29346,29347],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[55,29349,2888],{"id":2887},[60,29351,29353],{"className":62,"code":29352,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,29354,29355],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,29356,29357,29359,29361,29363],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,29358,16296],{"class":75},[69,29360,537],{"class":83},[69,29362,29235],{"class":146},[69,29364,9329],{"class":83},[20,29366,12148],{},[29,29368,29369,29377,29380],{},[32,29370,29371,29373,29374],{},[15,29372,13461],{}," takes ",[42,29375,29376],{},"no arguments",[32,29378,29379],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[32,29381,29382],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,29384,29385,29386,7319],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[533,29387,29388],{"href":13258},[15,29389,13454],{},[55,29391,29393],{"id":29392},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,29395,29396,29397,29399],{},"The value returned by ",[15,29398,13461],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[29401,29402,29403,29406],"ol",{},[32,29404,29405],{},"the key",[32,29407,29408],{},"the value",[20,29410,234],{},[60,29412,29414],{"className":62,"code":29413,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,29415,29416,29452,29466,29470],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,29417,29418,29420,29422,29424,29426,29428,29430,29432,29434,29436,29438,29440,29442,29444,29446,29448,29450],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,29419,13897],{"class":75},[69,29421,80],{"class":79},[69,29423,11177],{"class":83},[69,29425,871],{"class":699},[69,29427,8356],{"class":703},[69,29429,871],{"class":699},[69,29431,143],{"class":83},[69,29433,881],{"class":699},[69,29435,5708],{"class":703},[69,29437,871],{"class":699},[69,29439,91],{"class":83},[69,29441,881],{"class":699},[69,29443,9985],{"class":703},[69,29445,871],{"class":699},[69,29447,143],{"class":83},[69,29449,459],{"class":87},[69,29451,9994],{"class":83},[69,29453,29454,29456,29458,29460,29462,29464],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,29455,123],{"class":75},[69,29457,80],{"class":79},[69,29459,13940],{"class":75},[69,29461,537],{"class":83},[69,29463,29235],{"class":146},[69,29465,9329],{"class":83},[69,29467,29468],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,29469,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,29471,29472,29474,29476,29478],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,29473,172],{"class":128},[69,29475,132],{"class":83},[69,29477,183],{"class":146},[69,29479,166],{"class":83},[20,29481,29482],{},[42,29483,321],{},[60,29485,29487],{"className":62,"code":29486,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"('age', 25)\n",[15,29488,29489],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,29490,29491,29493,29495,29497,29499,29501,29503],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,29492,132],{"class":83},[69,29494,706],{"class":699},[69,29496,9985],{"class":703},[69,29498,706],{"class":699},[69,29500,91],{"class":83},[69,29502,459],{"class":87},[69,29504,166],{"class":83},[20,29506,29507],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[60,29509,29511],{"className":62,"code":29510,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,29512,29513],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,29514,29515,29517,29519,29521,29523,29525],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,29516,123],{"class":75},[69,29518,80],{"class":79},[69,29520,13940],{"class":75},[69,29522,537],{"class":83},[69,29524,29235],{"class":146},[69,29526,9329],{"class":83},[20,29528,29529],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[60,29531,29533],{"className":62,"code":29532,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,29534,29535],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,29536,29537,29539,29541,29543,29545,29547,29549,29551],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,29538,15533],{"class":75},[69,29540,91],{"class":83},[69,29542,22274],{"class":75},[69,29544,80],{"class":79},[69,29546,13940],{"class":75},[69,29548,537],{"class":83},[69,29550,29235],{"class":146},[69,29552,9329],{"class":83},[55,29554,12165],{"id":12164},[20,29556,29557],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[60,29559,29561],{"className":62,"code":29560,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,29562,29563,29611,29615,29630,29634,29654],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,29564,29565,29567,29569,29571,29573,29576,29578,29580,29582,29584,29586,29588,29590,29592,29595,29597,29599,29602,29604,29606,29609],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,29566,5768],{"class":75},[69,29568,80],{"class":79},[69,29570,11177],{"class":83},[69,29572,871],{"class":699},[69,29574,29575],{"class":703},"Tom",[69,29577,871],{"class":699},[69,29579,143],{"class":83},[69,29581,5780],{"class":87},[69,29583,91],{"class":83},[69,29585,881],{"class":699},[69,29587,13572],{"class":703},[69,29589,871],{"class":699},[69,29591,143],{"class":83},[69,29593,29594],{"class":87}," 95",[69,29596,91],{"class":83},[69,29598,881],{"class":699},[69,29600,29601],{"class":703},"Leo",[69,29603,871],{"class":699},[69,29605,143],{"class":83},[69,29607,29608],{"class":87}," 88",[69,29610,9994],{"class":83},[69,29612,29613],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,29614,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,29616,29617,29620,29622,29624,29626,29628],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,29618,29619],{"class":75},"removed_pair ",[69,29621,80],{"class":79},[69,29623,5814],{"class":75},[69,29625,537],{"class":83},[69,29627,29235],{"class":146},[69,29629,9329],{"class":83},[69,29631,29632],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,29633,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,29635,29636,29638,29640,29642,29645,29647,29649,29652],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,29637,172],{"class":128},[69,29639,132],{"class":83},[69,29641,871],{"class":699},[69,29643,29644],{"class":703},"Removed:",[69,29646,871],{"class":699},[69,29648,91],{"class":83},[69,29650,29651],{"class":146}," removed_pair",[69,29653,166],{"class":83},[69,29655,29656,29658,29660,29662,29665,29667,29669,29671],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,29657,172],{"class":128},[69,29659,132],{"class":83},[69,29661,871],{"class":699},[69,29663,29664],{"class":703},"After removal:",[69,29666,871],{"class":699},[69,29668,91],{"class":83},[69,29670,5814],{"class":146},[69,29672,166],{"class":83},[20,29674,29675],{},[42,29676,321],{},[60,29678,29680],{"className":62,"code":29679,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29681,29682,29703],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,29683,29684,29687,29689,29691,29693,29695,29697,29699,29701],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,29685,29686],{"class":75},"Removed",[69,29688,143],{"class":83},[69,29690,441],{"class":83},[69,29692,706],{"class":699},[69,29694,29601],{"class":703},[69,29696,706],{"class":699},[69,29698,91],{"class":83},[69,29700,29608],{"class":87},[69,29702,166],{"class":83},[69,29704,29705,29708,29710,29712,29714,29716,29718,29720,29722,29724,29726,29728,29730,29732,29734],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,29706,29707],{"class":75},"After removal",[69,29709,143],{"class":83},[69,29711,11177],{"class":83},[69,29713,706],{"class":699},[69,29715,29575],{"class":703},[69,29717,706],{"class":699},[69,29719,143],{"class":83},[69,29721,5780],{"class":87},[69,29723,91],{"class":83},[69,29725,700],{"class":699},[69,29727,13572],{"class":703},[69,29729,706],{"class":699},[69,29731,143],{"class":83},[69,29733,29594],{"class":87},[69,29735,9994],{"class":83},[20,29737,29738,29739,29742],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29740,29741],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[55,29744,29746],{"id":29745},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29748,29749,29750,29752],{},"Because ",[15,29751,13461],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[60,29754,29756],{"className":62,"code":29755,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29757,29758,29794,29798,29817,29821,29840,29859],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,29759,29760,29762,29764,29766,29768,29770,29772,29774,29776,29778,29780,29782,29784,29786,29788,29790,29792],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,29761,16139],{"class":75},[69,29763,80],{"class":79},[69,29765,11177],{"class":83},[69,29767,871],{"class":699},[69,29769,16150],{"class":703},[69,29771,871],{"class":699},[69,29773,143],{"class":83},[69,29775,881],{"class":699},[69,29777,16159],{"class":703},[69,29779,871],{"class":699},[69,29781,91],{"class":83},[69,29783,881],{"class":699},[69,29785,16170],{"class":703},[69,29787,871],{"class":699},[69,29789,143],{"class":83},[69,29791,27595],{"class":87},[69,29793,9994],{"class":83},[69,29795,29796],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,29797,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,29799,29800,29802,29804,29806,29808,29811,29813,29815],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,29801,15533],{"class":75},[69,29803,91],{"class":83},[69,29805,22274],{"class":75},[69,29807,80],{"class":79},[69,29809,29810],{"class":75}," book",[69,29812,537],{"class":83},[69,29814,29235],{"class":146},[69,29816,9329],{"class":83},[69,29818,29819],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,29820,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,29822,29823,29825,29827,29829,29832,29834,29836,29838],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,29824,172],{"class":128},[69,29826,132],{"class":83},[69,29828,871],{"class":699},[69,29830,29831],{"class":703},"Key:",[69,29833,871],{"class":699},[69,29835,91],{"class":83},[69,29837,22269],{"class":146},[69,29839,166],{"class":83},[69,29841,29842,29844,29846,29848,29851,29853,29855,29857],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,29843,172],{"class":128},[69,29845,132],{"class":83},[69,29847,871],{"class":699},[69,29849,29850],{"class":703},"Value:",[69,29852,871],{"class":699},[69,29854,91],{"class":83},[69,29856,9119],{"class":146},[69,29858,166],{"class":83},[69,29860,29861,29863,29865,29867,29870,29872,29874,29876],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,29862,172],{"class":128},[69,29864,132],{"class":83},[69,29866,871],{"class":699},[69,29868,29869],{"class":703},"Dictionary:",[69,29871,871],{"class":699},[69,29873,91],{"class":83},[69,29875,29810],{"class":146},[69,29877,166],{"class":83},[20,29879,29880],{},[42,29881,321],{},[60,29883,29885],{"className":62,"code":29884,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29886,29887,29897,29907],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,29888,29889,29892,29894],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,29890,29891],{"class":75},"Key",[69,29893,143],{"class":83},[69,29895,29896],{"class":75}," pages\n",[69,29898,29899,29902,29904],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,29900,29901],{"class":75},"Value",[69,29903,143],{"class":83},[69,29905,29906],{"class":87}," 200\n",[69,29908,29909,29912,29914,29916,29918,29920,29922,29924,29926,29928,29930],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,29910,29911],{"class":75},"Dictionary",[69,29913,143],{"class":83},[69,29915,11177],{"class":83},[69,29917,706],{"class":699},[69,29919,16150],{"class":703},[69,29921,706],{"class":699},[69,29923,143],{"class":83},[69,29925,700],{"class":699},[69,29927,16159],{"class":703},[69,29929,706],{"class":699},[69,29931,9994],{"class":83},[20,29933,29934],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[55,29936,29938],{"id":29937},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29940,29941,29942,29166,29944,537],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29943,13461],{},[42,29945,29169],{},[20,29947,234],{},[60,29949,29951],{"className":62,"code":29950,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29952,29953,29997],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,29954,29955,29957,29959,29961,29963,29965,29967,29969,29971,29973,29975,29977,29979,29981,29983,29985,29987,29989,29991,29993,29995],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,29956,9852],{"class":75},[69,29958,80],{"class":79},[69,29960,11177],{"class":83},[69,29962,871],{"class":699},[69,29964,2904],{"class":703},[69,29966,871],{"class":699},[69,29968,143],{"class":83},[69,29970,1263],{"class":87},[69,29972,91],{"class":83},[69,29974,881],{"class":699},[69,29976,12436],{"class":703},[69,29978,871],{"class":699},[69,29980,143],{"class":83},[69,29982,94],{"class":87},[69,29984,91],{"class":83},[69,29986,881],{"class":699},[69,29988,22766],{"class":703},[69,29990,871],{"class":699},[69,29992,143],{"class":83},[69,29994,99],{"class":87},[69,29996,9994],{"class":83},[69,29998,29999,30001,30003,30005,30007,30009],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,30000,172],{"class":128},[69,30002,132],{"class":83},[69,30004,9891],{"class":146},[69,30006,537],{"class":83},[69,30008,29235],{"class":146},[69,30010,7882],{"class":83},[20,30012,30013],{},[42,30014,321],{},[60,30016,30018],{"className":62,"code":30017,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"('z', 3)\n",[15,30019,30020],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,30021,30022,30024,30026,30028,30030,30032,30034],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,30023,132],{"class":83},[69,30025,706],{"class":699},[69,30027,22766],{"class":703},[69,30029,706],{"class":699},[69,30031,91],{"class":83},[69,30033,99],{"class":87},[69,30035,166],{"class":83},[20,30037,30038],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,30040,30041,30042,30044,30045,30047],{},"As a beginner, do ",[42,30043,5334],{}," think of ",[15,30046,13461],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,30049,30050,30051,2920,30055,2574,30059,537],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[533,30052,30053],{"href":17764},[15,30054,17767],{},[533,30056,30057],{"href":17752},[15,30058,17755],{},[533,30060,30061],{"href":17758},[15,30062,17761],{},[55,30064,30066,30067,5096,30069],{"id":30065},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,30068,13461],{},[15,30070,13454],{},[20,30072,30073,5096,30075,30077],{},[15,30074,13461],{},[15,30076,13454],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[377,30079,30080],{"id":29235},[15,30081,13461],{},[29,30083,30084,30087,30090],{},[32,30085,30086],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[32,30088,30089],{},"does not need a key argument",[32,30091,4407,30092],{},[15,30093,22345],{},[377,30095,30096],{"id":26929},[15,30097,13454],{},[29,30099,30100,30103,30106],{},[32,30101,30102],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[32,30104,30105],{},"needs the key name",[32,30107,30108],{},"returns only the value",[20,30110,234],{},[60,30112,30114],{"className":62,"code":30113,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,30115,30116,30160,30164,30178,30198,30202,30224,30243,30247],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,30117,30118,30120,30122,30124,30126,30128,30130,30132,30134,30136,30138,30140,30142,30144,30146,30148,30150,30152,30154,30156,30158],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,30119,9852],{"class":75},[69,30121,80],{"class":79},[69,30123,11177],{"class":83},[69,30125,871],{"class":699},[69,30127,533],{"class":703},[69,30129,871],{"class":699},[69,30131,143],{"class":83},[69,30133,1263],{"class":87},[69,30135,91],{"class":83},[69,30137,881],{"class":699},[69,30139,5465],{"class":703},[69,30141,871],{"class":699},[69,30143,143],{"class":83},[69,30145,94],{"class":87},[69,30147,91],{"class":83},[69,30149,881],{"class":699},[69,30151,10425],{"class":703},[69,30153,871],{"class":699},[69,30155,143],{"class":83},[69,30157,99],{"class":87},[69,30159,9994],{"class":83},[69,30161,30162],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,30163,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,30165,30166,30168,30170,30172,30174,30176],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,30167,29226],{"class":75},[69,30169,80],{"class":79},[69,30171,15259],{"class":75},[69,30173,537],{"class":83},[69,30175,29235],{"class":146},[69,30177,9329],{"class":83},[69,30179,30180,30182,30184,30186,30189,30191,30193,30196],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,30181,172],{"class":128},[69,30183,132],{"class":83},[69,30185,871],{"class":699},[69,30187,30188],{"class":703},"popitem():",[69,30190,871],{"class":699},[69,30192,91],{"class":83},[69,30194,30195],{"class":146}," item",[69,30197,166],{"class":83},[69,30199,30200],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,30201,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,30203,30204,30206,30208,30210,30212,30214,30216,30218,30220,30222],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,30205,3173],{"class":75},[69,30207,80],{"class":79},[69,30209,15259],{"class":75},[69,30211,537],{"class":83},[69,30213,26929],{"class":146},[69,30215,132],{"class":83},[69,30217,871],{"class":699},[69,30219,533],{"class":703},[69,30221,871],{"class":699},[69,30223,166],{"class":83},[69,30225,30226,30228,30230,30232,30235,30237,30239,30241],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,30227,172],{"class":128},[69,30229,132],{"class":83},[69,30231,871],{"class":699},[69,30233,30234],{"class":703},"pop('a'):",[69,30236,871],{"class":699},[69,30238,91],{"class":83},[69,30240,9119],{"class":146},[69,30242,166],{"class":83},[69,30244,30245],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,30246,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,30248,30249,30251,30253,30255],{"class":71,"line":7120},[69,30250,172],{"class":128},[69,30252,132],{"class":83},[69,30254,9891],{"class":146},[69,30256,166],{"class":83},[20,30258,30259],{},[42,30260,321],{},[60,30262,30264],{"className":62,"code":30263,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,30265,30266,30287,30304],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,30267,30268,30270,30273,30275,30277,30279,30281,30283,30285],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,30269,29235],{"class":146},[69,30271,30272],{"class":83},"():",[69,30274,441],{"class":83},[69,30276,706],{"class":699},[69,30278,10425],{"class":703},[69,30280,706],{"class":699},[69,30282,91],{"class":83},[69,30284,99],{"class":87},[69,30286,166],{"class":83},[69,30288,30289,30291,30293,30295,30297,30299,30301],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,30290,26929],{"class":146},[69,30292,132],{"class":83},[69,30294,706],{"class":699},[69,30296,533],{"class":703},[69,30298,706],{"class":699},[69,30300,17143],{"class":83},[69,30302,30303],{"class":87}," 1\n",[69,30305,30306,30308,30310,30312,30314,30316,30318],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,30307,9964],{"class":83},[69,30309,706],{"class":699},[69,30311,5465],{"class":703},[69,30313,706],{"class":699},[69,30315,143],{"class":83},[69,30317,94],{"class":87},[69,30319,9994],{"class":83},[20,30321,1378,30322,30326],{},[533,30323,30324],{"href":13258},[15,30325,13454],{}," when you know the key.",[20,30328,1378,30329,30331],{},[15,30330,13461],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[55,30333,30335],{"id":30334},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,30337,30338,30339,30341],{},"Calling ",[15,30340,13461],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[60,30343,30345],{"className":62,"code":30344,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,30346,30347,30355],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,30348,30349,30351,30353],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,30350,9852],{"class":75},[69,30352,80],{"class":79},[69,30354,10524],{"class":83},[69,30356,30357,30359,30361,30363],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,30358,9891],{"class":75},[69,30360,537],{"class":83},[69,30362,29235],{"class":146},[69,30364,9329],{"class":83},[20,30366,30367],{},[42,30368,30369],{},"Error:",[60,30371,30373],{"className":62,"code":30372,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,30374,30375],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,30376,30377,30379,30381,30383,30386],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,30378,20378],{"class":177},[69,30380,143],{"class":83},[69,30382,700],{"class":699},[69,30384,30385],{"class":703},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[69,30387,30388],{"class":699},"'\n",[377,30390,30392],{"id":30391},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[60,30394,30396],{"className":62,"code":30395,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,30397,30398,30406,30410,30418,30433,30443,30449],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,30399,30400,30402,30404],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,30401,9852],{"class":75},[69,30403,80],{"class":79},[69,30405,10524],{"class":83},[69,30407,30408],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,30409,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,30411,30412,30414,30416],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,30413,1712],{"class":1053},[69,30415,15259],{"class":75},[69,30417,1579],{"class":83},[69,30419,30420,30423,30425,30427,30429,30431],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,30421,30422],{"class":75},"    item ",[69,30424,80],{"class":79},[69,30426,15259],{"class":75},[69,30428,537],{"class":83},[69,30430,29235],{"class":146},[69,30432,9329],{"class":83},[69,30434,30435,30437,30439,30441],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,30436,8756],{"class":128},[69,30438,132],{"class":83},[69,30440,23999],{"class":146},[69,30442,166],{"class":83},[69,30444,30445,30447],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,30446,28122],{"class":1053},[69,30448,1579],{"class":83},[69,30450,30451,30453,30455,30457,30460,30462],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,30452,8756],{"class":128},[69,30454,132],{"class":83},[69,30456,871],{"class":699},[69,30458,30459],{"class":703},"Dictionary is empty",[69,30461,871],{"class":699},[69,30463,166],{"class":83},[377,30465,30467,30468],{"id":30466},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,30469,30470],{},"try-except",[60,30472,30474],{"className":62,"code":30473,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,30475,30476,30484,30488,30495,30509,30519,30529],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,30477,30478,30480,30482],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,30479,9852],{"class":75},[69,30481,80],{"class":79},[69,30483,10524],{"class":83},[69,30485,30486],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,30487,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,30489,30490,30493],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,30491,30492],{"class":1053},"try",[69,30494,1579],{"class":83},[69,30496,30497,30499,30501,30503,30505,30507],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,30498,30422],{"class":75},[69,30500,80],{"class":79},[69,30502,15259],{"class":75},[69,30504,537],{"class":83},[69,30506,29235],{"class":146},[69,30508,9329],{"class":83},[69,30510,30511,30513,30515,30517],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,30512,8756],{"class":128},[69,30514,132],{"class":83},[69,30516,23999],{"class":146},[69,30518,166],{"class":83},[69,30520,30521,30524,30527],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,30522,30523],{"class":1053},"except",[69,30525,30526],{"class":177}," KeyError",[69,30528,1579],{"class":83},[69,30530,30531,30533,30535,30537,30540,30542],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,30532,8756],{"class":128},[69,30534,132],{"class":83},[69,30536,871],{"class":699},[69,30538,30539],{"class":703},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[69,30541,871],{"class":699},[69,30543,166],{"class":83},[20,30545,30546,30547,537],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[533,30548,26367,30550],{"href":30549},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,30551,30552],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[55,30554,1373,30556],{"id":30555},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,30557,13461],{},[20,30559,30560,30562],{},[15,30561,13461],{}," is useful when:",[29,30564,30565,30568,30571],{},[32,30566,30567],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[32,30569,30570],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[32,30572,30573],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,30575,30576],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[60,30578,30580],{"className":62,"code":30579,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,30581,30582,30591,30611,30631,30649,30653,30657,30667,30686],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,30583,30584,30587,30589],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,30585,30586],{"class":75},"tasks ",[69,30588,80],{"class":79},[69,30590,12183],{"class":83},[69,30592,30593,30595,30598,30600,30602,30604,30607,30609],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,30594,12188],{"class":699},[69,30596,30597],{"class":703},"first",[69,30599,871],{"class":699},[69,30601,143],{"class":83},[69,30603,881],{"class":699},[69,30605,30606],{"class":703},"wash dishes",[69,30608,871],{"class":699},[69,30610,12204],{"class":83},[69,30612,30613,30615,30618,30620,30622,30624,30627,30629],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,30614,12188],{"class":699},[69,30616,30617],{"class":703},"second",[69,30619,871],{"class":699},[69,30621,143],{"class":83},[69,30623,881],{"class":699},[69,30625,30626],{"class":703},"do homework",[69,30628,871],{"class":699},[69,30630,12204],{"class":83},[69,30632,30633,30635,30638,30640,30642,30644,30647],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,30634,12188],{"class":699},[69,30636,30637],{"class":703},"third",[69,30639,871],{"class":699},[69,30641,143],{"class":83},[69,30643,881],{"class":699},[69,30645,30646],{"class":703},"read book",[69,30648,4079],{"class":699},[69,30650,30651],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,30652,9994],{"class":83},[69,30654,30655],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,30656,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,30658,30659,30662,30665],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,30660,30661],{"class":1053},"while",[69,30663,30664],{"class":75}," tasks",[69,30666,1579],{"class":83},[69,30668,30669,30672,30674,30676,30678,30680,30682,30684],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,30670,30671],{"class":75},"    key",[69,30673,91],{"class":83},[69,30675,22274],{"class":75},[69,30677,80],{"class":79},[69,30679,30664],{"class":75},[69,30681,537],{"class":83},[69,30683,29235],{"class":146},[69,30685,9329],{"class":83},[69,30687,30688,30690,30692,30694,30696,30698,30700,30702,30704,30706,30708,30710,30712],{"class":71,"line":7120},[69,30689,8756],{"class":128},[69,30691,132],{"class":83},[69,30693,22983],{"class":135},[69,30695,871],{"class":703},[69,30697,9964],{"class":87},[69,30699,15533],{"class":146},[69,30701,22992],{"class":87},[69,30703,22995],{"class":703},[69,30705,9964],{"class":87},[69,30707,3198],{"class":146},[69,30709,22992],{"class":87},[69,30711,871],{"class":703},[69,30713,166],{"class":83},[20,30715,30716],{},[42,30717,30718],{},"Possible output:",[60,30720,30722],{"className":62,"code":30721,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30723,30724,30733,30742],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,30725,30726,30728,30730],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,30727,30637],{"class":75},[69,30729,143],{"class":83},[69,30731,30732],{"class":75}," read book\n",[69,30734,30735,30737,30739],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,30736,30617],{"class":75},[69,30738,143],{"class":83},[69,30740,30741],{"class":75}," do homework\n",[69,30743,30744,30746,30748],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,30745,30597],{"class":75},[69,30747,143],{"class":83},[69,30749,30750],{"class":75}," wash dishes\n",[20,30752,29749,30753,30755],{},[15,30754,13461],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[55,30757,1771],{"id":1770},[20,30759,1774,30760,143],{},[15,30761,13461],{},[29,30763,30764,30778,30797,30808],{},[32,30765,30766,30771],{},[42,30767,30338,30768,30770],{},[15,30769,13461],{}," on an empty dictionary",[29,30772,30773],{},[32,30774,30775,30776,537],{},"This raises ",[15,30777,20378],{},[32,30779,30780,30785],{},[42,30781,1780,30782,30784],{},[15,30783,13461],{}," to remove a specific key",[29,30786,30787,30790],{},[32,30788,30789],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[32,30791,1378,30792,30796],{},[533,30793,30794],{"href":13258},[15,30795,13454],{}," if you need that.",[32,30798,30799,30803],{},[42,30800,5408,30801,28388],{},[15,30802,13461],{},[29,30804,30805],{},[32,30806,30807],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[32,30809,30810,30813],{},[42,30811,30812],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[29,30814,30815],{},[32,30816,30817,547,30819,30821],{},[15,30818,13461],{},[15,30820,22345],{}," tuple.",[20,30823,30824],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[60,30826,30828],{"className":62,"code":30827,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30829,30830,30840,30854,30858,30872],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,30831,30832,30834,30836,30838],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,30833,172],{"class":128},[69,30835,132],{"class":83},[69,30837,12139],{"class":146},[69,30839,166],{"class":83},[69,30841,30842,30844,30846,30848,30850,30852],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,30843,172],{"class":128},[69,30845,132],{"class":83},[69,30847,11850],{"class":128},[69,30849,132],{"class":83},[69,30851,12139],{"class":146},[69,30853,318],{"class":83},[69,30855,30856],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,30857,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,30859,30860,30862,30864,30866,30868,30870],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,30861,29226],{"class":75},[69,30863,80],{"class":79},[69,30865,12457],{"class":75},[69,30867,537],{"class":83},[69,30869,29235],{"class":146},[69,30871,9329],{"class":83},[69,30873,30874,30876,30878,30880],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,30875,172],{"class":128},[69,30877,132],{"class":83},[69,30879,23999],{"class":146},[69,30881,166],{"class":83},[20,30883,30884],{},"Or with unpacking:",[60,30886,30888],{"className":62,"code":30887,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30889,30890,30908,30918],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,30891,30892,30894,30896,30898,30900,30902,30904,30906],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,30893,15533],{"class":75},[69,30895,91],{"class":83},[69,30897,22274],{"class":75},[69,30899,80],{"class":79},[69,30901,12457],{"class":75},[69,30903,537],{"class":83},[69,30905,29235],{"class":146},[69,30907,9329],{"class":83},[69,30909,30910,30912,30914,30916],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,30911,172],{"class":128},[69,30913,132],{"class":83},[69,30915,15533],{"class":146},[69,30917,166],{"class":83},[69,30919,30920,30922,30924,30926],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,30921,172],{"class":128},[69,30923,132],{"class":83},[69,30925,3198],{"class":146},[69,30927,166],{"class":83},[55,30929,2519],{"id":2518},[377,30931,2561,30933,5846],{"id":30932},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30934,13461],{},[20,30936,30937,30938,537],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30939,30940],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[377,30942,2523,30944,30946],{"id":30943},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30945,13461],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30948,30949],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[377,30951,30953,30954,30956],{"id":30952},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30955,13461],{}," removes?",[20,30958,30959,30960,30964],{},"No. Use ",[533,30961,30962],{"href":13258},[15,30963,13454],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[377,30966,2523,30968,15588],{"id":30967},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30969,13461],{},[20,30971,30972],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[377,30974,30976,30977,30979],{"id":30975},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30978,13461],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30981,30982,30983,30985,30986,537],{},"It raises ",[15,30984,20378],{}," with the message ",[15,30987,30385],{},[55,30989,2620],{"id":2619},[29,30991,30992,30999,31005,31011,31017,31024,31028,31032],{},[32,30993,30994],{},[533,30995,30996,30998],{"href":13258},[15,30997,13454],{}," method for dictionaries",[32,31000,31001],{},[533,31002,31003,30998],{"href":17764},[15,31004,17767],{},[32,31006,31007],{},[533,31008,31009,30998],{"href":17752},[15,31010,17755],{},[32,31012,31013],{},[533,31014,31015,30998],{"href":17758},[15,31016,17761],{},[32,31018,31019],{},[533,31020,31022,30998],{"href":31021},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,31023,12010],{},[32,31025,31026],{},[533,31027,13478],{"href":13265},[32,31029,31030],{},[533,31031,22147],{"href":17288},[32,31033,31034],{},[533,31035,31036,31037],{"href":30549},"Fix ",[15,31038,30552],{},[2650,31040,31041],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":31043},[31044,31045,31047,31048,31049,31050,31051,31052,31057,31062,31064,31065,31077],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":29322,"depth":120,"text":31046},"What popitem() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":29392,"depth":120,"text":29393},{"id":12164,"depth":120,"text":12165},{"id":29745,"depth":120,"text":29746},{"id":29937,"depth":120,"text":29938},{"id":30065,"depth":120,"text":31053,"children":31054},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[31055,31056],{"id":29235,"depth":169,"text":13461},{"id":26929,"depth":169,"text":13454},{"id":30334,"depth":120,"text":30335,"children":31058},[31059,31060],{"id":30391,"depth":169,"text":30392},{"id":30466,"depth":169,"text":31061},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30555,"depth":120,"text":31063},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":31066},[31067,31069,31071,31073,31075],{"id":30932,"depth":169,"text":31068},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30943,"depth":169,"text":31070},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30952,"depth":169,"text":31072},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30967,"depth":169,"text":31074},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30975,"depth":169,"text":31076},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":29061,"description":31078},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":31085,"title":31086,"body":31087,"description":32990,"extension":2697,"meta":32991,"navigation":272,"path":14725,"seo":32992,"stem":32993,"__hash__":32994},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":31088,"toc":32962},[31089,31094,31099,31102,31104,31201,31206,31211,31216,31219,31227,31230,31245,31247,31347,31349,31406,31410,31412,31415,31435,31440,31451,31454,31481,31484,31486,31543,31545,31566,31572,31577,31580,31591,31593,31701,31703,31756,31758,31770,31777,31783,31788,31791,31879,31881,31926,31929,31937,31940,31943,32012,32015,32018,32022,32025,32096,32098,32151,32154,32157,32160,32175,32178,32190,32193,32256,32258,32264,32266,32268,32347,32349,32390,32392,32457,32459,32496,32501,32506,32510,32524,32527,32650,32652,32737,32742,32744,32748,32770,32773,32853,32856,32875,32880,32882,32888,32893,32899,32902,32908,32911,32917,32922,32928,32934,32936,32959],[10,31090,12007,31092,12011],{"id":31091},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,31093,15646],{},[20,31095,2714,31096,31098],{},[15,31097,15646],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,31100,31101],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[55,31103,58],{"id":57},[60,31105,31107],{"className":62,"code":31106,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31108,31109,31145,31186,31196],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,31110,31111,31113,31115,31117,31119,31121,31123,31125,31127,31129,31131,31133,31135,31137,31139,31141,31143],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,31112,13897],{"class":75},[69,31114,80],{"class":79},[69,31116,11177],{"class":83},[69,31118,871],{"class":699},[69,31120,8356],{"class":703},[69,31122,871],{"class":699},[69,31124,143],{"class":83},[69,31126,881],{"class":699},[69,31128,13572],{"class":703},[69,31130,871],{"class":699},[69,31132,91],{"class":83},[69,31134,881],{"class":699},[69,31136,9985],{"class":703},[69,31138,871],{"class":699},[69,31140,143],{"class":83},[69,31142,454],{"class":87},[69,31144,9994],{"class":83},[69,31146,31147,31149,31151,31154,31156,31158,31160,31162,31164,31167,31169,31171,31173,31175,31177,31179,31181,31183],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,31148,17996],{"class":75},[69,31150,537],{"class":83},[69,31152,31153],{"class":146},"update",[69,31155,6229],{"class":83},[69,31157,871],{"class":699},[69,31159,9985],{"class":703},[69,31161,871],{"class":699},[69,31163,143],{"class":83},[69,31165,31166],{"class":87}," 21",[69,31168,91],{"class":83},[69,31170,881],{"class":699},[69,31172,11095],{"class":703},[69,31174,871],{"class":699},[69,31176,143],{"class":83},[69,31178,881],{"class":699},[69,31180,16722],{"class":703},[69,31182,871],{"class":699},[69,31184,31185],{"class":83},"})\n",[69,31187,31188,31190,31192,31194],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,31189,172],{"class":128},[69,31191,132],{"class":83},[69,31193,17996],{"class":146},[69,31195,166],{"class":83},[69,31197,31198],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,31199,31200],{"class":189},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,31202,1378,31203,31205],{},[15,31204,15646],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[55,31207,202,31209,205],{"id":31208},"what-update-does",[15,31210,15646],{},[20,31212,31213,31215],{},[15,31214,15646],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,31217,31218],{},"It can do two main things:",[29,31220,31221,31224],{},[32,31222,31223],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[32,31225,31226],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,31228,31229],{},"Important things to know:",[29,31231,31232,31235,31238,31242],{},[32,31233,31234],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[32,31236,31237],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[32,31239,5849,31240],{},[15,31241,1181],{},[32,31243,31244],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,31246,234],{},[60,31248,31250],{"className":62,"code":31249,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,31251,31252,31294,31337],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,31253,31254,31256,31258,31260,31262,31264,31266,31268,31270,31273,31275,31277,31279,31281,31283,31285,31287,31290,31292],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,31255,13555],{"class":75},[69,31257,80],{"class":79},[69,31259,11177],{"class":83},[69,31261,871],{"class":699},[69,31263,8356],{"class":703},[69,31265,871],{"class":699},[69,31267,143],{"class":83},[69,31269,881],{"class":699},[69,31271,31272],{"class":703},"Mira",[69,31274,871],{"class":699},[69,31276,91],{"class":83},[69,31278,881],{"class":699},[69,31280,20582],{"class":703},[69,31282,871],{"class":699},[69,31284,143],{"class":83},[69,31286,881],{"class":699},[69,31288,31289],{"class":703},"B",[69,31291,871],{"class":699},[69,31293,9994],{"class":83},[69,31295,31296,31298,31300,31302,31304,31306,31308,31310,31312,31314,31316,31318,31320,31322,31324,31326,31328,31330,31333,31335],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,31297,14318],{"class":75},[69,31299,537],{"class":83},[69,31301,31153],{"class":146},[69,31303,6229],{"class":83},[69,31305,871],{"class":699},[69,31307,20582],{"class":703},[69,31309,871],{"class":699},[69,31311,143],{"class":83},[69,31313,881],{"class":699},[69,31315,22934],{"class":703},[69,31317,871],{"class":699},[69,31319,91],{"class":83},[69,31321,881],{"class":699},[69,31323,11095],{"class":703},[69,31325,871],{"class":699},[69,31327,143],{"class":83},[69,31329,881],{"class":699},[69,31331,31332],{"class":703},"Quito",[69,31334,871],{"class":699},[69,31336,31185],{"class":83},[69,31338,31339,31341,31343,31345],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,31340,172],{"class":128},[69,31342,132],{"class":83},[69,31344,14318],{"class":146},[69,31346,166],{"class":83},[20,31348,321],{},[60,31350,31352],{"className":62,"code":31351,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,31353,31354],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,31355,31356,31358,31360,31362,31364,31366,31368,31370,31372,31374,31376,31378,31380,31382,31384,31386,31388,31390,31392,31394,31396,31398,31400,31402,31404],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,31357,9964],{"class":83},[69,31359,706],{"class":699},[69,31361,8356],{"class":703},[69,31363,706],{"class":699},[69,31365,143],{"class":83},[69,31367,700],{"class":699},[69,31369,31272],{"class":703},[69,31371,706],{"class":699},[69,31373,91],{"class":83},[69,31375,700],{"class":699},[69,31377,20582],{"class":703},[69,31379,706],{"class":699},[69,31381,143],{"class":83},[69,31383,700],{"class":699},[69,31385,22934],{"class":703},[69,31387,706],{"class":699},[69,31389,91],{"class":83},[69,31391,700],{"class":699},[69,31393,11095],{"class":703},[69,31395,706],{"class":699},[69,31397,143],{"class":83},[69,31399,700],{"class":699},[69,31401,31332],{"class":703},[69,31403,706],{"class":699},[69,31405,9994],{"class":83},[20,31407,9838,31408,537],{},[533,31409,25316],{"href":10076},[55,31411,2888],{"id":2887},[20,31413,31414],{},"The basic form is:",[60,31416,31418],{"className":62,"code":31417,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,31419,31420],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,31421,31422,31424,31426,31428,31430,31433],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,31423,16296],{"class":75},[69,31425,537],{"class":83},[69,31427,31153],{"class":146},[69,31429,132],{"class":83},[69,31431,31432],{"class":146},"other",[69,31434,166],{"class":83},[20,31436,31437,31439],{},[15,31438,31432],{}," can be:",[29,31441,31442,31445,31448],{},[32,31443,31444],{},"Another dictionary",[32,31446,31447],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[32,31449,31450],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,31452,31453],{},"You can also use:",[60,31455,31457],{"className":62,"code":31456,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,31458,31459],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,31460,31461,31463,31465,31467,31469,31471,31473,31475,31477,31479],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,31462,16296],{"class":75},[69,31464,537],{"class":83},[69,31466,31153],{"class":146},[69,31468,132],{"class":83},[69,31470,8356],{"class":9862},[69,31472,80],{"class":79},[69,31474,871],{"class":699},[69,31476,8365],{"class":703},[69,31478,871],{"class":699},[69,31480,166],{"class":83},[20,31482,31483],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,31485,234],{},[60,31487,31489],{"className":62,"code":31488,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,31490,31491,31511,31533],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,31492,31493,31495,31497,31499,31501,31503,31505,31507,31509],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,31494,9852],{"class":75},[69,31496,80],{"class":79},[69,31498,11177],{"class":83},[69,31500,871],{"class":699},[69,31502,533],{"class":703},[69,31504,871],{"class":699},[69,31506,143],{"class":83},[69,31508,1263],{"class":87},[69,31510,9994],{"class":83},[69,31512,31513,31515,31517,31519,31521,31523,31525,31527,31529,31531],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,31514,9891],{"class":75},[69,31516,537],{"class":83},[69,31518,31153],{"class":146},[69,31520,6229],{"class":83},[69,31522,871],{"class":699},[69,31524,533],{"class":703},[69,31526,871],{"class":699},[69,31528,143],{"class":83},[69,31530,6701],{"class":87},[69,31532,31185],{"class":83},[69,31534,31535,31537,31539,31541],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,31536,172],{"class":128},[69,31538,132],{"class":83},[69,31540,9891],{"class":146},[69,31542,166],{"class":83},[20,31544,321],{},[60,31546,31548],{"className":62,"code":31547,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,31549,31550],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,31551,31552,31554,31556,31558,31560,31562,31564],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,31553,9964],{"class":83},[69,31555,706],{"class":699},[69,31557,533],{"class":703},[69,31559,706],{"class":699},[69,31561,143],{"class":83},[69,31563,6701],{"class":87},[69,31565,9994],{"class":83},[55,31567,840,31569,31571],{"id":31568},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,31570,15646],{}," with another dictionary",[20,31573,31574,31575,537],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,31576,15646],{},[20,31578,31579],{},"It is useful when:",[29,31581,31582,31585,31588],{},[32,31583,31584],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[32,31586,31587],{},"Adding extra settings",[32,31589,31590],{},"Updating stored data",[20,31592,234],{},[60,31594,31596],{"className":62,"code":31595,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,31597,31598,31635,31672,31676,31691],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,31599,31600,31602,31604,31606,31608,31610,31612,31614,31616,31618,31620,31622,31624,31626,31628,31630,31633],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,31601,14518],{"class":75},[69,31603,80],{"class":79},[69,31605,11177],{"class":83},[69,31607,871],{"class":699},[69,31609,13186],{"class":703},[69,31611,871],{"class":699},[69,31613,143],{"class":83},[69,31615,881],{"class":699},[69,31617,21618],{"class":703},[69,31619,871],{"class":699},[69,31621,91],{"class":83},[69,31623,881],{"class":699},[69,31625,14543],{"class":703},[69,31627,871],{"class":699},[69,31629,143],{"class":83},[69,31631,31632],{"class":87}," 12",[69,31634,9994],{"class":83},[69,31636,31637,31640,31642,31644,31646,31648,31650,31652,31654,31656,31658,31660,31662,31664,31666,31668,31670],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,31638,31639],{"class":75},"new_settings ",[69,31641,80],{"class":79},[69,31643,11177],{"class":83},[69,31645,871],{"class":699},[69,31647,14543],{"class":703},[69,31649,871],{"class":699},[69,31651,143],{"class":83},[69,31653,14550],{"class":87},[69,31655,91],{"class":83},[69,31657,881],{"class":699},[69,31659,20814],{"class":703},[69,31661,871],{"class":699},[69,31663,143],{"class":83},[69,31665,881],{"class":699},[69,31667,20848],{"class":703},[69,31669,871],{"class":699},[69,31671,9994],{"class":83},[69,31673,31674],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,31675,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,31677,31678,31680,31682,31684,31686,31689],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,31679,14577],{"class":75},[69,31681,537],{"class":83},[69,31683,31153],{"class":146},[69,31685,132],{"class":83},[69,31687,31688],{"class":146},"new_settings",[69,31690,166],{"class":83},[69,31692,31693,31695,31697,31699],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,31694,172],{"class":128},[69,31696,132],{"class":83},[69,31698,14577],{"class":146},[69,31700,166],{"class":83},[20,31702,321],{},[60,31704,31706],{"className":62,"code":31705,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31707,31708],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,31709,31710,31712,31714,31716,31718,31720,31722,31724,31726,31728,31730,31732,31734,31736,31738,31740,31742,31744,31746,31748,31750,31752,31754],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,31711,9964],{"class":83},[69,31713,706],{"class":699},[69,31715,13186],{"class":703},[69,31717,706],{"class":699},[69,31719,143],{"class":83},[69,31721,700],{"class":699},[69,31723,21618],{"class":703},[69,31725,706],{"class":699},[69,31727,91],{"class":83},[69,31729,700],{"class":699},[69,31731,14543],{"class":703},[69,31733,706],{"class":699},[69,31735,143],{"class":83},[69,31737,14550],{"class":87},[69,31739,91],{"class":83},[69,31741,700],{"class":699},[69,31743,20814],{"class":703},[69,31745,706],{"class":699},[69,31747,143],{"class":83},[69,31749,700],{"class":699},[69,31751,20848],{"class":703},[69,31753,706],{"class":699},[69,31755,9994],{"class":83},[20,31757,14102],{},[29,31759,31760,31765],{},[32,31761,31762,31764],{},[15,31763,14543],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[32,31766,31767,31769],{},[15,31768,20814],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31771,31772,31773,537],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[533,31774,31776],{"href":31775},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[55,31778,840,31780,31782],{"id":31779},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31781,15646],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31784,31785,31787],{},[15,31786,15646],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31789,31790],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[60,31792,31794],{"className":62,"code":31793,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31795,31796,31816,31851,31855,31869],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,31797,31798,31800,31802,31804,31806,31808,31810,31812,31814],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,31799,5768],{"class":75},[69,31801,80],{"class":79},[69,31803,11177],{"class":83},[69,31805,871],{"class":699},[69,31807,19107],{"class":703},[69,31809,871],{"class":699},[69,31811,143],{"class":83},[69,31813,20589],{"class":87},[69,31815,9994],{"class":83},[69,31817,31818,31820,31822,31824,31826,31828,31830,31832,31834,31836,31838,31840,31843,31845,31847,31849],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,31819,9902],{"class":75},[69,31821,80],{"class":79},[69,31823,9907],{"class":83},[69,31825,871],{"class":699},[69,31827,19116],{"class":703},[69,31829,871],{"class":699},[69,31831,91],{"class":83},[69,31833,14200],{"class":87},[69,31835,9920],{"class":83},[69,31837,441],{"class":83},[69,31839,871],{"class":699},[69,31841,31842],{"class":703},"english",[69,31844,871],{"class":699},[69,31846,91],{"class":83},[69,31848,29608],{"class":87},[69,31850,9935],{"class":83},[69,31852,31853],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,31854,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,31856,31857,31859,31861,31863,31865,31867],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,31858,17080],{"class":75},[69,31860,537],{"class":83},[69,31862,31153],{"class":146},[69,31864,132],{"class":83},[69,31866,9948],{"class":146},[69,31868,166],{"class":83},[69,31870,31871,31873,31875,31877],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,31872,172],{"class":128},[69,31874,132],{"class":83},[69,31876,17080],{"class":146},[69,31878,166],{"class":83},[20,31880,321],{},[60,31882,31884],{"className":62,"code":31883,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31885,31886],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,31887,31888,31890,31892,31894,31896,31898,31900,31902,31904,31906,31908,31910,31912,31914,31916,31918,31920,31922,31924],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,31889,9964],{"class":83},[69,31891,706],{"class":699},[69,31893,19107],{"class":703},[69,31895,706],{"class":699},[69,31897,143],{"class":83},[69,31899,20589],{"class":87},[69,31901,91],{"class":83},[69,31903,700],{"class":699},[69,31905,19116],{"class":703},[69,31907,706],{"class":699},[69,31909,143],{"class":83},[69,31911,14200],{"class":87},[69,31913,91],{"class":83},[69,31915,700],{"class":699},[69,31917,31842],{"class":703},[69,31919,706],{"class":699},[69,31921,143],{"class":83},[69,31923,29608],{"class":87},[69,31925,9994],{"class":83},[20,31927,31928],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[29,31930,31931,31934],{},[32,31932,31933],{},"The key",[32,31935,31936],{},"The value",[20,31938,31939],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31941,31942],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[60,31944,31946],{"className":62,"code":31945,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31947,31948,31968,31993,31997],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,31949,31950,31952,31954,31956,31958,31960,31962,31964,31966],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,31951,9852],{"class":75},[69,31953,80],{"class":79},[69,31955,11177],{"class":83},[69,31957,871],{"class":699},[69,31959,533],{"class":703},[69,31961,871],{"class":699},[69,31963,143],{"class":83},[69,31965,1263],{"class":87},[69,31967,9994],{"class":83},[69,31969,31970,31973,31975,31977,31979,31981,31983,31985,31987,31989,31991],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,31971,31972],{"class":75},"bad_pairs ",[69,31974,80],{"class":79},[69,31976,9907],{"class":83},[69,31978,871],{"class":699},[69,31980,5465],{"class":703},[69,31982,871],{"class":699},[69,31984,91],{"class":83},[69,31986,94],{"class":87},[69,31988,91],{"class":83},[69,31990,99],{"class":87},[69,31992,9935],{"class":83},[69,31994,31995],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,31996,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,31998,31999,32001,32003,32005,32007,32010],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,32000,9891],{"class":75},[69,32002,537],{"class":83},[69,32004,31153],{"class":146},[69,32006,132],{"class":83},[69,32008,32009],{"class":146},"bad_pairs",[69,32011,166],{"class":83},[20,32013,32014],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,32016,32017],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[55,32019,32021],{"id":32020},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,32023,32024],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[60,32026,32028],{"className":62,"code":32027,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,32029,32030,32054,32086],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,32031,32032,32034,32036,32038,32040,32042,32044,32046,32048,32050,32052],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,32033,12178],{"class":75},[69,32035,80],{"class":79},[69,32037,11177],{"class":83},[69,32039,871],{"class":699},[69,32041,8356],{"class":703},[69,32043,871],{"class":699},[69,32045,143],{"class":83},[69,32047,881],{"class":699},[69,32049,29601],{"class":703},[69,32051,871],{"class":699},[69,32053,9994],{"class":83},[69,32055,32056,32058,32060,32062,32064,32066,32068,32070,32072,32075,32077,32079,32082,32084],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,32057,12272],{"class":75},[69,32059,537],{"class":83},[69,32061,31153],{"class":146},[69,32063,132],{"class":83},[69,32065,9985],{"class":9862},[69,32067,80],{"class":79},[69,32069,9880],{"class":87},[69,32071,91],{"class":83},[69,32073,32074],{"class":9862}," city",[69,32076,80],{"class":79},[69,32078,871],{"class":699},[69,32080,32081],{"class":703},"Madrid",[69,32083,871],{"class":699},[69,32085,166],{"class":83},[69,32087,32088,32090,32092,32094],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,32089,172],{"class":128},[69,32091,132],{"class":83},[69,32093,12272],{"class":146},[69,32095,166],{"class":83},[20,32097,321],{},[60,32099,32101],{"className":62,"code":32100,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,32102,32103],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,32104,32105,32107,32109,32111,32113,32115,32117,32119,32121,32123,32125,32127,32129,32131,32133,32135,32137,32139,32141,32143,32145,32147,32149],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,32106,9964],{"class":83},[69,32108,706],{"class":699},[69,32110,8356],{"class":703},[69,32112,706],{"class":699},[69,32114,143],{"class":83},[69,32116,700],{"class":699},[69,32118,29601],{"class":703},[69,32120,706],{"class":699},[69,32122,91],{"class":83},[69,32124,700],{"class":699},[69,32126,9985],{"class":703},[69,32128,706],{"class":699},[69,32130,143],{"class":83},[69,32132,459],{"class":87},[69,32134,91],{"class":83},[69,32136,700],{"class":699},[69,32138,11095],{"class":703},[69,32140,706],{"class":699},[69,32142,143],{"class":83},[69,32144,700],{"class":699},[69,32146,32081],{"class":703},[69,32148,706],{"class":699},[69,32150,9994],{"class":83},[20,32152,32153],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,32155,32156],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,32158,32159],{},"These work:",[29,32161,32162,32166,32170],{},[32,32163,32164],{},[15,32165,9985],{},[32,32167,32168],{},[15,32169,11095],{},[32,32171,32172],{},[15,32173,32174],{},"first_name",[20,32176,32177],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[29,32179,32180,32185],{},[32,32181,32182],{},[15,32183,32184],{},"\"first name\"",[32,32186,32187],{},[15,32188,32189],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,32191,32192],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[60,32194,32196],{"className":62,"code":32195,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,32197,32198,32206,32246],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,32199,32200,32202,32204],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,32201,12178],{"class":75},[69,32203,80],{"class":79},[69,32205,10524],{"class":83},[69,32207,32208,32210,32212,32214,32216,32218,32220,32222,32224,32226,32228,32230,32232,32234,32237,32239,32241,32244],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,32209,12272],{"class":75},[69,32211,537],{"class":83},[69,32213,31153],{"class":146},[69,32215,6229],{"class":83},[69,32217,871],{"class":699},[69,32219,11199],{"class":703},[69,32221,871],{"class":699},[69,32223,143],{"class":83},[69,32225,881],{"class":699},[69,32227,29601],{"class":703},[69,32229,871],{"class":699},[69,32231,91],{"class":83},[69,32233,881],{"class":699},[69,32235,32236],{"class":703},"user-id",[69,32238,871],{"class":699},[69,32240,143],{"class":83},[69,32242,32243],{"class":87}," 1001",[69,32245,31185],{"class":83},[69,32247,32248,32250,32252,32254],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,32249,172],{"class":128},[69,32251,132],{"class":83},[69,32253,12272],{"class":146},[69,32255,166],{"class":83},[55,32257,18108],{"id":18107},[20,32259,32260,1172,32262,537],{},[15,32261,15646],{},[15,32263,1181],{},[20,32265,14741],{},[20,32267,25396],{},[60,32269,32271],{"className":62,"code":32270,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,32272,32273,32297,32323,32327,32337],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,32274,32275,32277,32279,32281,32283,32285,32287,32289,32291,32293,32295],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,32276,13897],{"class":75},[69,32278,80],{"class":79},[69,32280,11177],{"class":83},[69,32282,871],{"class":699},[69,32284,8356],{"class":703},[69,32286,871],{"class":699},[69,32288,143],{"class":83},[69,32290,881],{"class":699},[69,32292,13572],{"class":703},[69,32294,871],{"class":699},[69,32296,9994],{"class":83},[69,32298,32299,32301,32303,32305,32307,32309,32311,32313,32315,32317,32319,32321],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,32300,123],{"class":75},[69,32302,80],{"class":79},[69,32304,13940],{"class":75},[69,32306,537],{"class":83},[69,32308,31153],{"class":146},[69,32310,6229],{"class":83},[69,32312,871],{"class":699},[69,32314,9985],{"class":703},[69,32316,871],{"class":699},[69,32318,143],{"class":83},[69,32320,454],{"class":87},[69,32322,31185],{"class":83},[69,32324,32325],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,32326,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,32328,32329,32331,32333,32335],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,32330,172],{"class":128},[69,32332,132],{"class":83},[69,32334,183],{"class":146},[69,32336,166],{"class":83},[69,32338,32339,32341,32343,32345],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,32340,172],{"class":128},[69,32342,132],{"class":83},[69,32344,17996],{"class":146},[69,32346,166],{"class":83},[20,32348,321],{},[60,32350,32352],{"className":62,"code":32351,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,32353,32354,32358],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,32355,32356],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,32357,12499],{"class":1203},[69,32359,32360,32362,32364,32366,32368,32370,32372,32374,32376,32378,32380,32382,32384,32386,32388],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,32361,9964],{"class":83},[69,32363,706],{"class":699},[69,32365,8356],{"class":703},[69,32367,706],{"class":699},[69,32369,143],{"class":83},[69,32371,700],{"class":699},[69,32373,13572],{"class":703},[69,32375,706],{"class":699},[69,32377,91],{"class":83},[69,32379,700],{"class":699},[69,32381,9985],{"class":703},[69,32383,706],{"class":699},[69,32385,143],{"class":83},[69,32387,454],{"class":87},[69,32389,9994],{"class":83},[20,32391,2253],{},[60,32393,32395],{"className":62,"code":32394,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,32396,32397,32421,32443,32447],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,32398,32399,32401,32403,32405,32407,32409,32411,32413,32415,32417,32419],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,32400,13897],{"class":75},[69,32402,80],{"class":79},[69,32404,11177],{"class":83},[69,32406,871],{"class":699},[69,32408,8356],{"class":703},[69,32410,871],{"class":699},[69,32412,143],{"class":83},[69,32414,881],{"class":699},[69,32416,13572],{"class":703},[69,32418,871],{"class":699},[69,32420,9994],{"class":83},[69,32422,32423,32425,32427,32429,32431,32433,32435,32437,32439,32441],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,32424,17996],{"class":75},[69,32426,537],{"class":83},[69,32428,31153],{"class":146},[69,32430,6229],{"class":83},[69,32432,871],{"class":699},[69,32434,9985],{"class":703},[69,32436,871],{"class":699},[69,32438,143],{"class":83},[69,32440,454],{"class":87},[69,32442,31185],{"class":83},[69,32444,32445],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,32446,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,32448,32449,32451,32453,32455],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,32450,172],{"class":128},[69,32452,132],{"class":83},[69,32454,17996],{"class":146},[69,32456,166],{"class":83},[20,32458,321],{},[60,32460,32462],{"className":62,"code":32461,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,32463,32464],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,32465,32466,32468,32470,32472,32474,32476,32478,32480,32482,32484,32486,32488,32490,32492,32494],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,32467,9964],{"class":83},[69,32469,706],{"class":699},[69,32471,8356],{"class":703},[69,32473,706],{"class":699},[69,32475,143],{"class":83},[69,32477,700],{"class":699},[69,32479,13572],{"class":703},[69,32481,706],{"class":699},[69,32483,91],{"class":83},[69,32485,700],{"class":699},[69,32487,9985],{"class":703},[69,32489,706],{"class":699},[69,32491,143],{"class":83},[69,32493,454],{"class":87},[69,32495,9994],{"class":83},[20,32497,32498,32499,537],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[533,32500,18594],{"href":11418},[55,32502,1373,32504],{"id":32503},"when-to-use-update",[15,32505,15646],{},[20,32507,1378,32508,11288],{},[15,32509,15646],{},[29,32511,32512,32515,32518,32521],{},[32,32513,32514],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[32,32516,32517],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[32,32519,32520],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[32,32522,32523],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,32525,32526],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[60,32528,32530],{"className":62,"code":32529,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,32531,32532,32568,32583,32587,32626,32630,32640],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,32533,32534,32536,32538,32540,32542,32544,32546,32548,32550,32552,32554,32556,32558,32560,32562,32564,32566],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,32535,12777],{"class":75},[69,32537,80],{"class":79},[69,32539,11177],{"class":83},[69,32541,871],{"class":699},[69,32543,8356],{"class":703},[69,32545,871],{"class":699},[69,32547,143],{"class":83},[69,32549,881],{"class":699},[69,32551,13572],{"class":703},[69,32553,871],{"class":699},[69,32555,91],{"class":83},[69,32557,881],{"class":699},[69,32559,9985],{"class":703},[69,32561,871],{"class":699},[69,32563,143],{"class":83},[69,32565,454],{"class":87},[69,32567,9994],{"class":83},[69,32569,32570,32573,32575,32577,32579,32581],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,32571,32572],{"class":75},"updated ",[69,32574,80],{"class":79},[69,32576,12852],{"class":75},[69,32578,537],{"class":83},[69,32580,13603],{"class":146},[69,32582,9329],{"class":83},[69,32584,32585],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,32586,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,32588,32589,32592,32594,32596,32598,32600,32602,32604,32606,32608,32610,32612,32614,32616,32618,32620,32622,32624],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,32590,32591],{"class":75},"updated",[69,32593,537],{"class":83},[69,32595,31153],{"class":146},[69,32597,6229],{"class":83},[69,32599,871],{"class":699},[69,32601,9985],{"class":703},[69,32603,871],{"class":699},[69,32605,143],{"class":83},[69,32607,31166],{"class":87},[69,32609,91],{"class":83},[69,32611,881],{"class":699},[69,32613,11095],{"class":703},[69,32615,871],{"class":699},[69,32617,143],{"class":83},[69,32619,881],{"class":699},[69,32621,16722],{"class":703},[69,32623,871],{"class":699},[69,32625,31185],{"class":83},[69,32627,32628],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,32629,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,32631,32632,32634,32636,32638],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,32633,172],{"class":128},[69,32635,132],{"class":83},[69,32637,12824],{"class":146},[69,32639,166],{"class":83},[69,32641,32642,32644,32646,32648],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,32643,172],{"class":128},[69,32645,132],{"class":83},[69,32647,32591],{"class":146},[69,32649,166],{"class":83},[20,32651,321],{},[60,32653,32655],{"className":62,"code":32654,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32656,32657,32689],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,32658,32659,32661,32663,32665,32667,32669,32671,32673,32675,32677,32679,32681,32683,32685,32687],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,32660,9964],{"class":83},[69,32662,706],{"class":699},[69,32664,8356],{"class":703},[69,32666,706],{"class":699},[69,32668,143],{"class":83},[69,32670,700],{"class":699},[69,32672,13572],{"class":703},[69,32674,706],{"class":699},[69,32676,91],{"class":83},[69,32678,700],{"class":699},[69,32680,9985],{"class":703},[69,32682,706],{"class":699},[69,32684,143],{"class":83},[69,32686,454],{"class":87},[69,32688,9994],{"class":83},[69,32690,32691,32693,32695,32697,32699,32701,32703,32705,32707,32709,32711,32713,32715,32717,32719,32721,32723,32725,32727,32729,32731,32733,32735],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,32692,9964],{"class":83},[69,32694,706],{"class":699},[69,32696,8356],{"class":703},[69,32698,706],{"class":699},[69,32700,143],{"class":83},[69,32702,700],{"class":699},[69,32704,13572],{"class":703},[69,32706,706],{"class":699},[69,32708,91],{"class":83},[69,32710,700],{"class":699},[69,32712,9985],{"class":703},[69,32714,706],{"class":699},[69,32716,143],{"class":83},[69,32718,31166],{"class":87},[69,32720,91],{"class":83},[69,32722,700],{"class":699},[69,32724,11095],{"class":703},[69,32726,706],{"class":699},[69,32728,143],{"class":83},[69,32730,700],{"class":699},[69,32732,16722],{"class":703},[69,32734,706],{"class":699},[69,32736,9994],{"class":83},[20,32738,32739,32740,537],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[533,32741,17289],{"href":17288},[55,32743,1771],{"id":1770},[20,32745,11435,32746,143],{},[15,32747,15646],{},[29,32749,32750,32757,32761,32764,32767],{},[32,32751,13286,32752,32754,32755],{},[15,32753,15646],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32756,1181],{},[32,32758,1780,32759,13294],{},[15,32760,15646],{},[32,32762,32763],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[32,32765,32766],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[32,32768,32769],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32771,32772],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[60,32774,32776],{"className":62,"code":32775,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32777,32778,32788,32802,32816,32838],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,32779,32780,32782,32784,32786],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,32781,172],{"class":128},[69,32783,132],{"class":83},[69,32785,12139],{"class":146},[69,32787,166],{"class":83},[69,32789,32790,32792,32794,32796,32798,32800],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,32791,172],{"class":128},[69,32793,132],{"class":83},[69,32795,641],{"class":177},[69,32797,132],{"class":83},[69,32799,9891],{"class":146},[69,32801,318],{"class":83},[69,32803,32804,32806,32808,32810,32812,32814],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,32805,172],{"class":128},[69,32807,132],{"class":83},[69,32809,178],{"class":177},[69,32811,132],{"class":83},[69,32813,9891],{"class":146},[69,32815,318],{"class":83},[69,32817,32818,32820,32822,32824,32826,32828,32830,32832,32834,32836],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,32819,172],{"class":128},[69,32821,132],{"class":83},[69,32823,12139],{"class":146},[69,32825,537],{"class":83},[69,32827,20441],{"class":146},[69,32829,132],{"class":83},[69,32831,706],{"class":699},[69,32833,15533],{"class":703},[69,32835,706],{"class":699},[69,32837,318],{"class":83},[69,32839,32840,32843,32845,32847,32849,32851],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,32841,32842],{"class":128},"help",[69,32844,132],{"class":83},[69,32846,9507],{"class":177},[69,32848,537],{"class":83},[69,32850,31153],{"class":25438},[69,32852,166],{"class":83},[20,32854,32855],{},"These can help you check:",[29,32857,32858,32861,32866,32869,32872],{},[32,32859,32860],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[32,32862,32863,32864],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32865,15646],{},[32,32867,32868],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[32,32870,32871],{},"Whether a key exists",[32,32873,32874],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32876,32877,32878,537],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[533,32879,11951],{"href":11762},[55,32881,2519],{"id":2518},[377,32883,2523,32885,32887],{"id":32884},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32886,15646],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32889,32890,32891,537],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32892,1181],{},[377,32894,2523,32896,32898],{"id":32895},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32897,15646],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32900,32901],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[377,32903,5871,32905,32907],{"id":32904},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32906,15646],{}," add new keys?",[20,32909,32910],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[377,32912,2551,32914,32916],{"id":32913},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32915,15646],{}," with a list?",[20,32918,32919,32920,537],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32921,11783],{},[377,32923,5881,32925,32927],{"id":32924},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32926,15646],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32929,32930,32931,32933],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32932,15646],{}," can change many keys at once.",[55,32935,2620],{"id":2619},[29,32937,32938,32942,32946,32951,32955],{},[32,32939,32940],{},[533,32941,26783],{"href":10076},[32,32943,32944],{},[533,32945,11940],{"href":11418},[32,32947,32948],{},[533,32949,32950],{"href":31775},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[32,32952,32953],{},[533,32954,22147],{"href":17288},[32,32956,32957],{},[533,32958,11951],{"href":11762},[2650,32960,32961],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":32963},[32964,32965,32967,32968,32970,32972,32973,32974,32976,32977,32989],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":31208,"depth":120,"text":32966},"What update() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":31568,"depth":120,"text":32969},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31779,"depth":120,"text":32971},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":32020,"depth":120,"text":32021},{"id":18107,"depth":120,"text":18108},{"id":32503,"depth":120,"text":32975},"When to use update()",{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":32978},[32979,32981,32983,32985,32987],{"id":32884,"depth":169,"text":32980},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32895,"depth":169,"text":32982},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32904,"depth":169,"text":32984},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32913,"depth":169,"text":32986},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32924,"depth":169,"text":32988},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":31086,"description":32990},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32996,"title":32997,"body":32998,"description":34987,"extension":2697,"meta":34988,"navigation":272,"path":23583,"seo":34989,"stem":34990,"__hash__":34991},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32999,"toc":34950},[33000,33005,33012,33015,33017,33116,33118,33173,33178,33183,33197,33202,33204,33219,33221,33235,33248,33253,33259,33266,33268,33375,33377,33426,33432,33507,33509,33530,33532,33535,33640,33642,33697,33699,33727,33731,33736,33815,33817,33837,33839,33850,33860,33864,33869,33973,33975,34000,34003,34014,34019,34028,34031,34048,34050,34137,34139,34202,34204,34227,34229,34234,34240,34245,34247,34286,34292,34295,34314,34325,34331,34334,34407,34409,34428,34433,34436,34459,34465,34468,34532,34535,34612,34619,34622,34681,34687,34689,34708,34712,34715,34766,34769,34789,34791,34852,34854,34859,34864,34869,34874,34879,34884,34890,34893,34902,34910,34912,34947],[10,33001,12007,33003,12011],{"id":33002},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,33004,17761],{},[20,33006,33007,33008,33011],{},"The Python ",[15,33009,33010],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,33013,33014],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[55,33016,58],{"id":57},[60,33018,33020],{"className":62,"code":33019,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,33021,33022,33074,33088,33092,33102],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,33023,33024,33026,33028,33030,33032,33034,33036,33038,33040,33042,33044,33046,33048,33050,33052,33054,33056,33058,33060,33062,33064,33066,33068,33070,33072],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,33025,13555],{"class":75},[69,33027,80],{"class":79},[69,33029,11177],{"class":83},[69,33031,871],{"class":699},[69,33033,8356],{"class":703},[69,33035,871],{"class":699},[69,33037,143],{"class":83},[69,33039,881],{"class":699},[69,33041,13572],{"class":703},[69,33043,871],{"class":699},[69,33045,91],{"class":83},[69,33047,881],{"class":699},[69,33049,9985],{"class":703},[69,33051,871],{"class":699},[69,33053,143],{"class":83},[69,33055,454],{"class":87},[69,33057,91],{"class":83},[69,33059,881],{"class":699},[69,33061,11095],{"class":703},[69,33063,871],{"class":699},[69,33065,143],{"class":83},[69,33067,881],{"class":699},[69,33069,16722],{"class":703},[69,33071,871],{"class":699},[69,33073,9994],{"class":83},[69,33075,33076,33078,33080,33082,33084,33086],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,33077,4536],{"class":75},[69,33079,80],{"class":79},[69,33081,13598],{"class":75},[69,33083,537],{"class":83},[69,33085,6059],{"class":146},[69,33087,9329],{"class":83},[69,33089,33090],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,33091,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,33093,33094,33096,33098,33100],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,33095,172],{"class":128},[69,33097,132],{"class":83},[69,33099,6059],{"class":146},[69,33101,166],{"class":83},[69,33103,33104,33106,33108,33110,33112,33114],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,33105,172],{"class":128},[69,33107,132],{"class":83},[69,33109,178],{"class":177},[69,33111,132],{"class":83},[69,33113,6059],{"class":146},[69,33115,318],{"class":83},[20,33117,321],{},[60,33119,33121],{"className":62,"code":33120,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,33122,33123,33149],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,33124,33125,33127,33129,33131,33133,33135,33137,33139,33141,33143,33145,33147],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,33126,17727],{"class":146},[69,33128,3710],{"class":83},[69,33130,706],{"class":699},[69,33132,13572],{"class":703},[69,33134,706],{"class":699},[69,33136,91],{"class":83},[69,33138,454],{"class":87},[69,33140,91],{"class":83},[69,33142,700],{"class":699},[69,33144,16722],{"class":703},[69,33146,706],{"class":699},[69,33148,618],{"class":83},[69,33150,33151,33153,33155,33157,33159,33161,33163,33165,33167,33169,33171],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,33152,331],{"class":83},[69,33154,706],{"class":699},[69,33156,13572],{"class":703},[69,33158,706],{"class":699},[69,33160,91],{"class":83},[69,33162,454],{"class":87},[69,33164,91],{"class":83},[69,33166,700],{"class":699},[69,33168,16722],{"class":703},[69,33170,706],{"class":699},[69,33172,117],{"class":83},[20,33174,33175,33177],{},[15,33176,17761],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[55,33179,202,33181,205],{"id":33180},"what-values-does",[15,33182,17761],{},[29,33184,33185,33188,33191,33194],{},[32,33186,33187],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[32,33189,33190],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[32,33192,33193],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[32,33195,33196],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,33198,33199,33200,537],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[533,33201,10077],{"href":10076},[55,33203,2888],{"id":2887},[60,33205,33207],{"className":62,"code":33206,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,33208,33209],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,33210,33211,33213,33215,33217],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,33212,12139],{"class":75},[69,33214,537],{"class":83},[69,33216,6059],{"class":146},[69,33218,9329],{"class":83},[20,33220,13744],{},[29,33222,33223,33227,33230],{},[32,33224,33225,12155],{},[15,33226,17761],{},[32,33228,33229],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[32,33231,33232,33233],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,33234,17761],{},[20,33236,33237,33238,5096,33243,537],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[533,33239,33240,33242],{"href":17752},[15,33241,17755],{}," for dictionary keys",[533,33244,33245,33247],{"href":17764},[15,33246,17767],{}," for key-value pairs",[55,33249,202,33251,12396],{"id":33250},"what-values-returns",[15,33252,17761],{},[20,33254,33255,547,33257,25452],{},[15,33256,17761],{},[15,33258,17727],{},[20,33260,33261,33262,33265],{},"This object is a ",[42,33263,33264],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,33267,234],{},[60,33269,33271],{"className":62,"code":33270,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,33272,33273,33309,33313,33328,33339,33343,33365],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,33274,33275,33277,33279,33281,33283,33285,33287,33289,33291,33293,33295,33297,33299,33301,33303,33305,33307],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,33276,13897],{"class":75},[69,33278,80],{"class":79},[69,33280,11177],{"class":83},[69,33282,871],{"class":699},[69,33284,8356],{"class":703},[69,33286,871],{"class":699},[69,33288,143],{"class":83},[69,33290,881],{"class":699},[69,33292,8608],{"class":703},[69,33294,871],{"class":699},[69,33296,91],{"class":83},[69,33298,881],{"class":699},[69,33300,9985],{"class":703},[69,33302,871],{"class":699},[69,33304,143],{"class":83},[69,33306,459],{"class":87},[69,33308,9994],{"class":83},[69,33310,33311],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,33312,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,33314,33315,33318,33320,33322,33324,33326],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,33316,33317],{"class":75},"values_view ",[69,33319,80],{"class":79},[69,33321,13940],{"class":75},[69,33323,537],{"class":83},[69,33325,6059],{"class":146},[69,33327,9329],{"class":83},[69,33329,33330,33332,33334,33337],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,33331,172],{"class":128},[69,33333,132],{"class":83},[69,33335,33336],{"class":146},"values_view",[69,33338,166],{"class":83},[69,33340,33341],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,33342,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,33344,33345,33347,33349,33351,33353,33355,33357,33359,33361,33363],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,33346,17996],{"class":75},[69,33348,331],{"class":83},[69,33350,871],{"class":699},[69,33352,11095],{"class":703},[69,33354,871],{"class":699},[69,33356,13966],{"class":83},[69,33358,13969],{"class":79},[69,33360,881],{"class":699},[69,33362,31332],{"class":703},[69,33364,4079],{"class":699},[69,33366,33367,33369,33371,33373],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,33368,172],{"class":128},[69,33370,132],{"class":83},[69,33372,33336],{"class":146},[69,33374,166],{"class":83},[20,33376,321],{},[60,33378,33380],{"className":62,"code":33379,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,33381,33382,33400],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,33383,33384,33386,33388,33390,33392,33394,33396,33398],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,33385,17727],{"class":146},[69,33387,3710],{"class":83},[69,33389,706],{"class":699},[69,33391,8608],{"class":703},[69,33393,706],{"class":699},[69,33395,91],{"class":83},[69,33397,459],{"class":87},[69,33399,618],{"class":83},[69,33401,33402,33404,33406,33408,33410,33412,33414,33416,33418,33420,33422,33424],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,33403,17727],{"class":146},[69,33405,3710],{"class":83},[69,33407,706],{"class":699},[69,33409,8608],{"class":703},[69,33411,706],{"class":699},[69,33413,91],{"class":83},[69,33415,459],{"class":87},[69,33417,91],{"class":83},[69,33419,700],{"class":699},[69,33421,31332],{"class":703},[69,33423,706],{"class":699},[69,33425,618],{"class":83},[20,33427,33428,33429,537],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,33430,33431],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[60,33433,33435],{"className":62,"code":33434,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,33436,33437,33473,33492,33496],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,33438,33439,33441,33443,33445,33447,33449,33451,33453,33455,33457,33459,33461,33463,33465,33467,33469,33471],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,33440,13897],{"class":75},[69,33442,80],{"class":79},[69,33444,11177],{"class":83},[69,33446,871],{"class":699},[69,33448,8356],{"class":703},[69,33450,871],{"class":699},[69,33452,143],{"class":83},[69,33454,881],{"class":699},[69,33456,8608],{"class":703},[69,33458,871],{"class":699},[69,33460,91],{"class":83},[69,33462,881],{"class":699},[69,33464,9985],{"class":703},[69,33466,871],{"class":699},[69,33468,143],{"class":83},[69,33470,459],{"class":87},[69,33472,9994],{"class":83},[69,33474,33475,33478,33480,33482,33484,33486,33488,33490],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,33476,33477],{"class":75},"values_list ",[69,33479,80],{"class":79},[69,33481,2162],{"class":177},[69,33483,132],{"class":83},[69,33485,17996],{"class":146},[69,33487,537],{"class":83},[69,33489,6059],{"class":146},[69,33491,7882],{"class":83},[69,33493,33494],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,33495,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,33497,33498,33500,33502,33505],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,33499,172],{"class":128},[69,33501,132],{"class":83},[69,33503,33504],{"class":146},"values_list",[69,33506,166],{"class":83},[20,33508,321],{},[60,33510,33512],{"className":62,"code":33511,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,33513,33514],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,33515,33516,33518,33520,33522,33524,33526,33528],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,33517,331],{"class":83},[69,33519,706],{"class":699},[69,33521,8608],{"class":703},[69,33523,706],{"class":699},[69,33525,91],{"class":83},[69,33527,459],{"class":87},[69,33529,117],{"class":83},[55,33531,12165],{"id":12164},[20,33533,33534],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[60,33536,33538],{"className":62,"code":33537,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,33539,33540,33594,33598,33612,33616,33626],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,33541,33542,33544,33546,33548,33550,33552,33554,33556,33558,33560,33562,33564,33566,33568,33570,33572,33575,33577,33579,33582,33584,33586,33588,33590,33592],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,33543,25483],{"class":75},[69,33545,80],{"class":79},[69,33547,11177],{"class":83},[69,33549,871],{"class":699},[69,33551,25492],{"class":703},[69,33553,871],{"class":699},[69,33555,143],{"class":83},[69,33557,881],{"class":699},[69,33559,25501],{"class":703},[69,33561,871],{"class":699},[69,33563,91],{"class":83},[69,33565,881],{"class":699},[69,33567,25510],{"class":703},[69,33569,871],{"class":699},[69,33571,143],{"class":83},[69,33573,33574],{"class":87}," 2022",[69,33576,91],{"class":83},[69,33578,881],{"class":699},[69,33580,33581],{"class":703},"color",[69,33583,871],{"class":699},[69,33585,143],{"class":83},[69,33587,881],{"class":699},[69,33589,13802],{"class":703},[69,33591,871],{"class":699},[69,33593,9994],{"class":83},[69,33595,33596],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,33597,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,33599,33600,33602,33604,33606,33608,33610],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,33601,123],{"class":75},[69,33603,80],{"class":79},[69,33605,25532],{"class":75},[69,33607,537],{"class":83},[69,33609,6059],{"class":146},[69,33611,9329],{"class":83},[69,33613,33614],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,33615,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,33617,33618,33620,33622,33624],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,33619,172],{"class":128},[69,33621,132],{"class":83},[69,33623,183],{"class":146},[69,33625,166],{"class":83},[69,33627,33628,33630,33632,33634,33636,33638],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,33629,172],{"class":128},[69,33631,132],{"class":83},[69,33633,178],{"class":177},[69,33635,132],{"class":83},[69,33637,183],{"class":146},[69,33639,318],{"class":83},[20,33641,321],{},[60,33643,33645],{"className":62,"code":33644,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33646,33647,33673],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,33648,33649,33651,33653,33655,33657,33659,33661,33663,33665,33667,33669,33671],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,33650,17727],{"class":146},[69,33652,3710],{"class":83},[69,33654,706],{"class":699},[69,33656,25501],{"class":703},[69,33658,706],{"class":699},[69,33660,91],{"class":83},[69,33662,33574],{"class":87},[69,33664,91],{"class":83},[69,33666,700],{"class":699},[69,33668,13802],{"class":703},[69,33670,706],{"class":699},[69,33672,618],{"class":83},[69,33674,33675,33677,33679,33681,33683,33685,33687,33689,33691,33693,33695],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,33676,331],{"class":83},[69,33678,706],{"class":699},[69,33680,25501],{"class":703},[69,33682,706],{"class":699},[69,33684,91],{"class":83},[69,33686,33574],{"class":87},[69,33688,91],{"class":83},[69,33690,700],{"class":699},[69,33692,13802],{"class":703},[69,33694,706],{"class":699},[69,33696,117],{"class":83},[20,33698,12374],{},[29,33700,33701,33707,33713,33721],{},[32,33702,33703,33706],{},[15,33704,33705],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[32,33708,33709,33712],{},[15,33710,33711],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[32,33714,33715,33718,33719,679],{},[15,33716,33717],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33720,17727],{},[32,33722,33723,33726],{},[15,33724,33725],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[55,33728,33730],{"id":33729},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33732,33733,33734,26752],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33735,1514],{},[60,33737,33739],{"className":62,"code":33738,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33740,33741,33785,33789,33805],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,33742,33743,33745,33747,33749,33751,33753,33755,33757,33759,33761,33763,33765,33767,33769,33771,33773,33775,33777,33779,33781,33783],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,33744,5768],{"class":75},[69,33746,80],{"class":79},[69,33748,11177],{"class":83},[69,33750,871],{"class":699},[69,33752,19107],{"class":703},[69,33754,871],{"class":699},[69,33756,143],{"class":83},[69,33758,20589],{"class":87},[69,33760,91],{"class":83},[69,33762,881],{"class":699},[69,33764,31842],{"class":703},[69,33766,871],{"class":699},[69,33768,143],{"class":83},[69,33770,14200],{"class":87},[69,33772,91],{"class":83},[69,33774,881],{"class":699},[69,33776,19116],{"class":703},[69,33778,871],{"class":699},[69,33780,143],{"class":83},[69,33782,29608],{"class":87},[69,33784,9994],{"class":83},[69,33786,33787],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,33788,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,33790,33791,33793,33795,33797,33799,33801,33803],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,33792,1514],{"class":1053},[69,33794,22274],{"class":75},[69,33796,1574],{"class":1053},[69,33798,5814],{"class":75},[69,33800,537],{"class":83},[69,33802,6059],{"class":146},[69,33804,22285],{"class":83},[69,33806,33807,33809,33811,33813],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,33808,8756],{"class":128},[69,33810,132],{"class":83},[69,33812,3198],{"class":146},[69,33814,166],{"class":83},[20,33816,321],{},[60,33818,33820],{"className":62,"code":33819,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33821,33822,33827,33832],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,33823,33824],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,33825,33826],{"class":87},"90\n",[69,33828,33829],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,33830,33831],{"class":87},"85\n",[69,33833,33834],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,33835,33836],{"class":87},"88\n",[20,33838,18400],{},[29,33840,33841,33844,33847],{},[32,33842,33843],{},"You only need the values",[32,33845,33846],{},"You do not care about the keys",[32,33848,33849],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33851,33852,33853,394,33857,537],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[533,33854,11424,33855,11428],{"href":17764},[15,33856,17767],{},[533,33858,23164],{"href":33859},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[55,33861,33863],{"id":33862},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33865,1378,33866,33868],{},[15,33867,33431],{}," when you need a list.",[60,33870,33872],{"className":62,"code":33871,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33873,33874,33920,33924,33944,33948,33959],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,33875,33876,33879,33881,33883,33885,33887,33889,33891,33893,33895,33897,33899,33901,33903,33905,33907,33909,33912,33914,33916,33918],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,33877,33878],{"class":75},"fruit_prices ",[69,33880,80],{"class":79},[69,33882,11177],{"class":83},[69,33884,871],{"class":699},[69,33886,874],{"class":703},[69,33888,871],{"class":699},[69,33890,143],{"class":83},[69,33892,94],{"class":87},[69,33894,91],{"class":83},[69,33896,881],{"class":699},[69,33898,893],{"class":703},[69,33900,871],{"class":699},[69,33902,143],{"class":83},[69,33904,1263],{"class":87},[69,33906,91],{"class":83},[69,33908,881],{"class":699},[69,33910,33911],{"class":703},"orange",[69,33913,871],{"class":699},[69,33915,143],{"class":83},[69,33917,99],{"class":87},[69,33919,9994],{"class":83},[69,33921,33922],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,33923,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,33925,33926,33929,33931,33933,33935,33938,33940,33942],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,33927,33928],{"class":75},"price_list ",[69,33930,80],{"class":79},[69,33932,2162],{"class":177},[69,33934,132],{"class":83},[69,33936,33937],{"class":146},"fruit_prices",[69,33939,537],{"class":83},[69,33941,6059],{"class":146},[69,33943,7882],{"class":83},[69,33945,33946],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,33947,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,33949,33950,33952,33954,33957],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,33951,172],{"class":128},[69,33953,132],{"class":83},[69,33955,33956],{"class":146},"price_list",[69,33958,166],{"class":83},[69,33960,33961,33963,33965,33967,33969,33971],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,33962,172],{"class":128},[69,33964,132],{"class":83},[69,33966,33956],{"class":146},[69,33968,331],{"class":83},[69,33970,1226],{"class":87},[69,33972,618],{"class":83},[20,33974,321],{},[60,33976,33978],{"className":62,"code":33977,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33979,33980,33996],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,33981,33982,33984,33986,33988,33990,33992,33994],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,33983,331],{"class":83},[69,33985,1155],{"class":87},[69,33987,91],{"class":83},[69,33989,1263],{"class":87},[69,33991,91],{"class":83},[69,33993,99],{"class":87},[69,33995,117],{"class":83},[69,33997,33998],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,33999,17746],{"class":87},[20,34001,34002],{},"This is helpful for:",[29,34004,34005,34008,34011],{},[32,34006,34007],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[32,34009,34010],{},"Accessing values by index",[32,34012,34013],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,34015,4630,34016,34018],{},[15,34017,17727],{}," is not the same as a list.",[55,34020,34022,11272,34024,11272,34026],{"id":34021},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,34023,17761],{},[15,34025,17755],{},[15,34027,17767],{},[20,34029,34030],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[29,34032,34033,34038,34043],{},[32,34034,34035,34037],{},[15,34036,17761],{}," returns only the values",[32,34039,34040,34042],{},[15,34041,17755],{}," returns only the keys",[32,34044,34045,34047],{},[15,34046,17767],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,34049,2855],{},[60,34051,34053],{"className":62,"code":34052,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,34054,34055,34091,34095,34109,34123],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,34056,34057,34059,34061,34063,34065,34067,34069,34071,34073,34075,34077,34079,34081,34083,34085,34087,34089],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,34058,13555],{"class":75},[69,34060,80],{"class":79},[69,34062,11177],{"class":83},[69,34064,871],{"class":699},[69,34066,8356],{"class":703},[69,34068,871],{"class":699},[69,34070,143],{"class":83},[69,34072,881],{"class":699},[69,34074,13572],{"class":703},[69,34076,871],{"class":699},[69,34078,91],{"class":83},[69,34080,881],{"class":699},[69,34082,9985],{"class":703},[69,34084,871],{"class":699},[69,34086,143],{"class":83},[69,34088,454],{"class":87},[69,34090,9994],{"class":83},[69,34092,34093],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,34094,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,34096,34097,34099,34101,34103,34105,34107],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,34098,172],{"class":128},[69,34100,132],{"class":83},[69,34102,14318],{"class":146},[69,34104,537],{"class":83},[69,34106,17613],{"class":146},[69,34108,7882],{"class":83},[69,34110,34111,34113,34115,34117,34119,34121],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,34112,172],{"class":128},[69,34114,132],{"class":83},[69,34116,14318],{"class":146},[69,34118,537],{"class":83},[69,34120,6059],{"class":146},[69,34122,7882],{"class":83},[69,34124,34125,34127,34129,34131,34133,34135],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,34126,172],{"class":128},[69,34128,132],{"class":83},[69,34130,14318],{"class":146},[69,34132,537],{"class":83},[69,34134,8497],{"class":146},[69,34136,7882],{"class":83},[20,34138,321],{},[60,34140,34142],{"className":62,"code":34141,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,34143,34144,34166,34184],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,34145,34146,34148,34150,34152,34154,34156,34158,34160,34162,34164],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,34147,17704],{"class":146},[69,34149,3710],{"class":83},[69,34151,706],{"class":699},[69,34153,8356],{"class":703},[69,34155,706],{"class":699},[69,34157,91],{"class":83},[69,34159,700],{"class":699},[69,34161,9985],{"class":703},[69,34163,706],{"class":699},[69,34165,618],{"class":83},[69,34167,34168,34170,34172,34174,34176,34178,34180,34182],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,34169,17727],{"class":146},[69,34171,3710],{"class":83},[69,34173,706],{"class":699},[69,34175,13572],{"class":703},[69,34177,706],{"class":699},[69,34179,91],{"class":83},[69,34181,454],{"class":87},[69,34183,618],{"class":83},[69,34185,34186,34188,34190,34192,34194,34196,34198,34200],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,34187,22598],{"class":146},[69,34189,10343],{"class":83},[69,34191,706],{"class":699},[69,34193,8356],{"class":703},[69,34195,706],{"class":699},[69,34197,91],{"class":83},[69,34199,454],{"class":87},[69,34201,11366],{"class":83},[20,34203,19385],{},[29,34205,34206,34213,34220],{},[32,34207,34208,34212],{},[533,34209,34210],{"href":17752},[15,34211,17755],{}," when you need just the keys",[32,34214,34215,34219],{},[533,34216,34217],{"href":17758},[15,34218,17761],{}," when you need just the values",[32,34221,34222,34226],{},[533,34223,34224],{"href":17764},[15,34225,17767],{}," when you need both",[55,34228,5222],{"id":5221},[20,34230,34231,34232,537],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,34233,17761],{},[377,34235,30338,34237,34239],{"id":34236},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,34238,17761],{}," on the wrong type",[20,34241,34242,34244],{},[15,34243,17761],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,34246,2235],{},[60,34248,34250],{"className":62,"code":34249,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,34251,34252,34272],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,34253,34254,34256,34258,34260,34262,34264,34266,34268,34270],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,34255,8995],{"class":75},[69,34257,80],{"class":79},[69,34259,84],{"class":83},[69,34261,88],{"class":87},[69,34263,91],{"class":83},[69,34265,94],{"class":87},[69,34267,91],{"class":83},[69,34269,99],{"class":87},[69,34271,117],{"class":83},[69,34273,34274,34276,34278,34280,34282,34284],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,34275,172],{"class":128},[69,34277,132],{"class":83},[69,34279,9026],{"class":146},[69,34281,537],{"class":83},[69,34283,6059],{"class":146},[69,34285,7882],{"class":83},[20,34287,34288,34289,34291],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,34290,17761],{}," method.",[20,34293,34294],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[60,34296,34298],{"className":62,"code":34297,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,34299,34300],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,34301,34302,34304,34306,34308,34310,34312],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,34303,172],{"class":128},[69,34305,132],{"class":83},[69,34307,641],{"class":177},[69,34309,132],{"class":83},[69,34311,9026],{"class":146},[69,34313,318],{"class":83},[20,34315,34316,34317,34319,34320,537],{},"If you get an ",[15,34318,26359],{},", see ",[533,34321,26367,34322,34324],{"href":26366},[15,34323,26370],{}," errors",[377,34326,5283,34328,34330],{"id":34327},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,34329,17761],{}," returns a list",[20,34332,34333],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[60,34335,34337],{"className":62,"code":34336,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,34338,34339,34375,34389,34393],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,34340,34341,34343,34345,34347,34349,34351,34353,34355,34357,34359,34361,34363,34365,34367,34369,34371,34373],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,34342,13555],{"class":75},[69,34344,80],{"class":79},[69,34346,11177],{"class":83},[69,34348,871],{"class":699},[69,34350,8356],{"class":703},[69,34352,871],{"class":699},[69,34354,143],{"class":83},[69,34356,881],{"class":699},[69,34358,13572],{"class":703},[69,34360,871],{"class":699},[69,34362,91],{"class":83},[69,34364,881],{"class":699},[69,34366,9985],{"class":703},[69,34368,871],{"class":699},[69,34370,143],{"class":83},[69,34372,454],{"class":87},[69,34374,9994],{"class":83},[69,34376,34377,34379,34381,34383,34385,34387],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,34378,4536],{"class":75},[69,34380,80],{"class":79},[69,34382,13598],{"class":75},[69,34384,537],{"class":83},[69,34386,6059],{"class":146},[69,34388,9329],{"class":83},[69,34390,34391],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,34392,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,34394,34395,34397,34399,34401,34403,34405],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,34396,172],{"class":128},[69,34398,132],{"class":83},[69,34400,641],{"class":177},[69,34402,132],{"class":83},[69,34404,6059],{"class":146},[69,34406,318],{"class":83},[20,34408,321],{},[60,34410,34412],{"className":62,"code":34411,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,34413,34414],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,34415,34416,34418,34420,34422,34424,34426],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,34417,674],{"class":79},[69,34419,696],{"class":135},[69,34421,700],{"class":699},[69,34423,17727],{"class":703},[69,34425,706],{"class":699},[69,34427,689],{"class":79},[20,34429,5849,34430,34432],{},[15,34431,17727],{},", not a list.",[20,34434,34435],{},"If you need a list:",[60,34437,34439],{"className":62,"code":34438,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,34440,34441],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,34442,34443,34445,34447,34449,34451,34453,34455,34457],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,34444,4536],{"class":75},[69,34446,80],{"class":79},[69,34448,2162],{"class":177},[69,34450,132],{"class":83},[69,34452,14318],{"class":146},[69,34454,537],{"class":83},[69,34456,6059],{"class":146},[69,34458,7882],{"class":83},[377,34460,34462,34463],{"id":34461},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,34464,17727],{},[20,34466,34467],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[60,34469,34471],{"className":62,"code":34470,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,34472,34473,34509,34523,34527],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,34474,34475,34477,34479,34481,34483,34485,34487,34489,34491,34493,34495,34497,34499,34501,34503,34505,34507],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,34476,13555],{"class":75},[69,34478,80],{"class":79},[69,34480,11177],{"class":83},[69,34482,871],{"class":699},[69,34484,8356],{"class":703},[69,34486,871],{"class":699},[69,34488,143],{"class":83},[69,34490,881],{"class":699},[69,34492,13572],{"class":703},[69,34494,871],{"class":699},[69,34496,91],{"class":83},[69,34498,881],{"class":699},[69,34500,9985],{"class":703},[69,34502,871],{"class":699},[69,34504,143],{"class":83},[69,34506,454],{"class":87},[69,34508,9994],{"class":83},[69,34510,34511,34513,34515,34517,34519,34521],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,34512,4536],{"class":75},[69,34514,80],{"class":79},[69,34516,13598],{"class":75},[69,34518,537],{"class":83},[69,34520,6059],{"class":146},[69,34522,9329],{"class":83},[69,34524,34525],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,34526,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,34528,34529],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,34530,34531],{"class":189},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,34533,34534],{},"Convert to a list first:",[60,34536,34538],{"className":62,"code":34537,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,34539,34540,34576,34594,34598],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,34541,34542,34544,34546,34548,34550,34552,34554,34556,34558,34560,34562,34564,34566,34568,34570,34572,34574],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,34543,13555],{"class":75},[69,34545,80],{"class":79},[69,34547,11177],{"class":83},[69,34549,871],{"class":699},[69,34551,8356],{"class":703},[69,34553,871],{"class":699},[69,34555,143],{"class":83},[69,34557,881],{"class":699},[69,34559,13572],{"class":703},[69,34561,871],{"class":699},[69,34563,91],{"class":83},[69,34565,881],{"class":699},[69,34567,9985],{"class":703},[69,34569,871],{"class":699},[69,34571,143],{"class":83},[69,34573,454],{"class":87},[69,34575,9994],{"class":83},[69,34577,34578,34580,34582,34584,34586,34588,34590,34592],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,34579,4536],{"class":75},[69,34581,80],{"class":79},[69,34583,2162],{"class":177},[69,34585,132],{"class":83},[69,34587,14318],{"class":146},[69,34589,537],{"class":83},[69,34591,6059],{"class":146},[69,34593,7882],{"class":83},[69,34595,34596],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,34597,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,34599,34600,34602,34604,34606,34608,34610],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,34601,172],{"class":128},[69,34603,132],{"class":83},[69,34605,6059],{"class":146},[69,34607,331],{"class":83},[69,34609,1226],{"class":87},[69,34611,618],{"class":83},[377,34613,840,34615,11780,34617],{"id":34614},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,34616,6059],{},[15,34618,17761],{},[20,34620,34621],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[60,34623,34625],{"className":62,"code":34624,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34626,34627,34663,34667],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,34628,34629,34631,34633,34635,34637,34639,34641,34643,34645,34647,34649,34651,34653,34655,34657,34659,34661],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,34630,13555],{"class":75},[69,34632,80],{"class":79},[69,34634,11177],{"class":83},[69,34636,871],{"class":699},[69,34638,8356],{"class":703},[69,34640,871],{"class":699},[69,34642,143],{"class":83},[69,34644,881],{"class":699},[69,34646,13572],{"class":703},[69,34648,871],{"class":699},[69,34650,91],{"class":83},[69,34652,881],{"class":699},[69,34654,9985],{"class":703},[69,34656,871],{"class":699},[69,34658,143],{"class":83},[69,34660,454],{"class":87},[69,34662,9994],{"class":83},[69,34664,34665],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,34666,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,34668,34669,34671,34673,34675,34677,34679],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,34670,172],{"class":128},[69,34672,132],{"class":83},[69,34674,14318],{"class":146},[69,34676,537],{"class":83},[69,34678,6059],{"class":25438},[69,34680,166],{"class":83},[20,34682,34683,34686],{},[15,34684,34685],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34688,19385],{},[60,34690,34692],{"className":62,"code":34691,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34693,34694],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,34695,34696,34698,34700,34702,34704,34706],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,34697,172],{"class":128},[69,34699,132],{"class":83},[69,34701,14318],{"class":146},[69,34703,537],{"class":83},[69,34705,6059],{"class":146},[69,34707,7882],{"class":83},[377,34709,34711],{"id":34710},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34713,34714],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[60,34716,34718],{"className":62,"code":34717,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34719,34720,34752],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,34721,34722,34724,34726,34728,34730,34732,34734,34736,34738,34740,34742,34744,34746,34748,34750],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,34723,9852],{"class":75},[69,34725,80],{"class":79},[69,34727,11177],{"class":83},[69,34729,871],{"class":699},[69,34731,533],{"class":703},[69,34733,871],{"class":699},[69,34735,143],{"class":83},[69,34737,1263],{"class":87},[69,34739,91],{"class":83},[69,34741,881],{"class":699},[69,34743,5465],{"class":703},[69,34745,871],{"class":699},[69,34747,143],{"class":83},[69,34749,94],{"class":87},[69,34751,9994],{"class":83},[69,34753,34754,34756,34758,34760,34762,34764],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,34755,172],{"class":128},[69,34757,132],{"class":83},[69,34759,9891],{"class":146},[69,34761,537],{"class":83},[69,34763,6059],{"class":146},[69,34765,7882],{"class":83},[20,34767,34768],{},"Not like this:",[60,34770,34772],{"className":62,"code":34771,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34773,34774,34779,34784],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,34775,34776],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,34777,34778],{"class":189},"# Wrong examples:\n",[69,34780,34781],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,34782,34783],{"class":189},"# data().values()\n",[69,34785,34786],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,34787,34788],{"class":189},"# values(data)\n",[20,34790,4060],{},[60,34792,34794],{"className":62,"code":34793,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34795,34796,34810,34820,34834],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,34797,34798,34800,34802,34804,34806,34808],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,34799,172],{"class":128},[69,34801,132],{"class":83},[69,34803,641],{"class":177},[69,34805,132],{"class":83},[69,34807,12139],{"class":146},[69,34809,318],{"class":83},[69,34811,34812,34814,34816,34818],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,34813,172],{"class":128},[69,34815,132],{"class":83},[69,34817,12139],{"class":146},[69,34819,166],{"class":83},[69,34821,34822,34824,34826,34828,34830,34832],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,34823,172],{"class":128},[69,34825,132],{"class":83},[69,34827,12139],{"class":146},[69,34829,537],{"class":83},[69,34831,6059],{"class":146},[69,34833,7882],{"class":83},[69,34835,34836,34838,34840,34842,34844,34846,34848,34850],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,34837,172],{"class":128},[69,34839,132],{"class":83},[69,34841,178],{"class":177},[69,34843,132],{"class":83},[69,34845,12139],{"class":146},[69,34847,537],{"class":83},[69,34849,6059],{"class":146},[69,34851,6985],{"class":83},[55,34853,2519],{"id":2518},[377,34855,2561,34857,5846],{"id":34856},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34858,33010],{},[20,34860,18111,34861,34863],{},[15,34862,17727],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[377,34865,2523,34867,24620],{"id":34866},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34868,17761],{},[20,34870,24623,34871,24627],{},[15,34872,34873],{},"list(...)",[377,34875,26744,34877,3218],{"id":34876},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34878,33010],{},[20,34880,34881,34882,26752],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34883,1514],{},[377,34885,2523,34887,34889],{"id":34886},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34888,33010],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34891,34892],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[377,34894,34896,34897,34899,34900,3218],{"id":34895},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34898,17761],{}," different from ",[15,34901,17767],{},[20,34903,34904,34906,34907,34909],{},[15,34905,17761],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34908,17767],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[55,34911,2620],{"id":2619},[29,34913,34914,34920,34926,34930,34936,34940],{},[32,34915,34916],{},[533,34917,11424,34918,11428],{"href":17752},[15,34919,17755],{},[32,34921,34922],{},[533,34923,11424,34924,11428],{"href":17764},[15,34925,17767],{},[32,34927,34928],{},[533,34929,11931],{"href":10076},[32,34931,34932],{},[533,34933,34935],{"href":34934},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[32,34937,34938],{},[533,34939,24705],{"href":33859},[32,34941,34942],{},[533,34943,31036,34944],{"href":26366},[15,34945,34946],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2650,34948,34949],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":34951},[34952,34953,34955,34956,34958,34959,34960,34961,34963,34974,34986],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":33180,"depth":120,"text":34954},"What values() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":33250,"depth":120,"text":34957},"What values() returns",{"id":12164,"depth":120,"text":12165},{"id":33729,"depth":120,"text":33730},{"id":33862,"depth":120,"text":33863},{"id":34021,"depth":120,"text":34962},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":5221,"depth":120,"text":5222,"children":34964},[34965,34967,34969,34971,34973],{"id":34236,"depth":169,"text":34966},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":34327,"depth":169,"text":34968},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":34461,"depth":169,"text":34970},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34614,"depth":169,"text":34972},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34710,"depth":169,"text":34711},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":34975},[34976,34978,34980,34982,34984],{"id":34856,"depth":169,"text":34977},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34866,"depth":169,"text":34979},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34876,"depth":169,"text":34981},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34886,"depth":169,"text":34983},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34895,"depth":169,"text":34985},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32997,"description":34987},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34993,"title":34994,"body":34995,"description":36422,"extension":2697,"meta":36423,"navigation":272,"path":36424,"seo":36425,"stem":36426,"__hash__":36427},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34996,"toc":36374},[34997,35003,35008,35011,35027,35036,35038,35070,35076,35079,35173,35176,35181,35186,35189,35200,35202,35216,35222,35224,35229,35235,35238,35277,35285,35290,35293,35338,35341,35353,35359,35365,35369,35402,35405,35423,35426,35430,35469,35471,35491,35494,35506,35511,35517,35520,35572,35575,35586,35589,35600,35603,35607,35613,35615,35645,35648,35663,35666,35669,35688,35691,35707,35716,35718,35749,35755,35760,35763,35770,35801,35804,35826,35829,35832,35846,35850,35881,35896,35903,35910,35914,35922,35926,35934,35937,35986,35997,35999,36002,36008,36013,36023,36027,36030,36033,36037,36040,36042,36063,36067,36073,36084,36090,36092,36098,36122,36125,36188,36191,36219,36222,36284,36286,36291,36294,36301,36309,36316,36319,36327,36333,36335,36362,36371],[10,34998,13,35000,18],{"id":34999},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,35001,35002],{},"dir()",[20,35004,33007,35005,35007],{},[15,35006,35002],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,35009,35010],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[29,35012,35013,35016,35019,35024],{},[32,35014,35015],{},"learning Python",[32,35017,35018],{},"exploring a new object",[32,35020,35021,35022],{},"debugging an ",[15,35023,26359],{},[32,35025,35026],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,35028,35029,35030,35032,35033],{},"In short, ",[15,35031,35002],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[42,35034,35035],{},"“What can I use here?”",[55,35037,58],{"id":57},[60,35039,35041],{"className":62,"code":35040,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,35042,35043,35055],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,35044,35045,35047,35049,35051,35053],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,35046,8563],{"class":75},[69,35048,80],{"class":79},[69,35050,881],{"class":699},[69,35052,1275],{"class":703},[69,35054,4079],{"class":699},[69,35056,35057,35059,35061,35064,35066,35068],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,35058,172],{"class":128},[69,35060,132],{"class":83},[69,35062,35063],{"class":128},"dir",[69,35065,132],{"class":83},[69,35067,8356],{"class":146},[69,35069,318],{"class":83},[20,35071,1378,35072,35075],{},[15,35073,35074],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,35077,35078],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[60,35080,35082],{"className":62,"code":35081,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,35083,35084],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,35085,35086,35088,35090,35093,35095,35097,35099,35102,35104,35106,35108,35111,35113,35115,35117,35120,35122,35124,35126,35129,35131,35133,35135,35138,35140,35142,35145,35147,35149,35151,35153,35155,35157,35160,35162,35164,35166,35169,35171],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,35087,331],{"class":83},[69,35089,706],{"class":699},[69,35091,35092],{"class":703},"__add__",[69,35094,706],{"class":699},[69,35096,91],{"class":83},[69,35098,700],{"class":699},[69,35100,35101],{"class":703},"__class__",[69,35103,706],{"class":699},[69,35105,91],{"class":83},[69,35107,700],{"class":699},[69,35109,35110],{"class":703},"__contains__",[69,35112,706],{"class":699},[69,35114,91],{"class":83},[69,35116,700],{"class":699},[69,35118,35119],{"class":703},"__delattr__",[69,35121,706],{"class":699},[69,35123,91],{"class":83},[69,35125,700],{"class":699},[69,35127,35128],{"class":703},"__dir__",[69,35130,706],{"class":699},[69,35132,91],{"class":83},[69,35134,700],{"class":699},[69,35136,35137],{"class":703},"__doc__",[69,35139,706],{"class":699},[69,35141,91],{"class":83},[69,35143,35144],{"class":685}," ...",[69,35146,91],{"class":83},[69,35148,700],{"class":699},[69,35150,9326],{"class":703},[69,35152,706],{"class":699},[69,35154,91],{"class":83},[69,35156,700],{"class":699},[69,35158,35159],{"class":703},"split",[69,35161,706],{"class":699},[69,35163,91],{"class":83},[69,35165,700],{"class":699},[69,35167,35168],{"class":703},"upper",[69,35170,706],{"class":699},[69,35172,117],{"class":83},[20,35174,35175],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[55,35177,202,35179,205],{"id":35178},"what-dir-does",[15,35180,35002],{},[20,35182,35183,35185],{},[15,35184,35002],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,35187,35188],{},"It usually includes:",[29,35190,35191,35194,35197],{},[32,35192,35193],{},"attributes",[32,35195,35196],{},"methods",[32,35198,35199],{},"special Python names",[20,35201,12148],{},[29,35203,35204,35210,35213],{},[32,35205,35206,35207],{},"The result is a ",[42,35208,35209],{},"list of strings",[32,35211,35212],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[32,35214,35215],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,35217,35218,35219,35221],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,35220,35002],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[55,35223,2888],{"id":2887},[20,35225,35226,35228],{},[15,35227,35002],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[377,35230,35232,35234],{"id":35231},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,35233,35002],{}," with no argument",[20,35236,35237],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[60,35239,35241],{"className":62,"code":35240,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,35242,35243,35251,35263,35267],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,35244,35245,35247,35249],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,35246,3748],{"class":75},[69,35248,80],{"class":79},[69,35250,3313],{"class":87},[69,35252,35253,35255,35257,35259,35261],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,35254,8563],{"class":75},[69,35256,80],{"class":79},[69,35258,881],{"class":699},[69,35260,8365],{"class":703},[69,35262,4079],{"class":699},[69,35264,35265],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,35266,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,35268,35269,35271,35273,35275],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,35270,172],{"class":128},[69,35272,132],{"class":83},[69,35274,35063],{"class":128},[69,35276,7882],{"class":83},[20,35278,35279,35280,5096,35282,35284],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,35281,2904],{},[15,35283,8356],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[377,35286,35288],{"id":35287},"dirobject",[15,35289,35074],{},[20,35291,35292],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[60,35294,35296],{"className":62,"code":35295,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,35297,35298,35316],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,35299,35300,35302,35304,35306,35308,35310,35312,35314],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,35301,172],{"class":128},[69,35303,132],{"class":83},[69,35305,35063],{"class":128},[69,35307,132],{"class":83},[69,35309,871],{"class":699},[69,35311,1275],{"class":703},[69,35313,871],{"class":699},[69,35315,318],{"class":83},[69,35317,35318,35320,35322,35324,35326,35328,35330,35332,35334,35336],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,35319,172],{"class":128},[69,35321,132],{"class":83},[69,35323,35063],{"class":128},[69,35325,3710],{"class":83},[69,35327,88],{"class":87},[69,35329,91],{"class":83},[69,35331,94],{"class":87},[69,35333,91],{"class":83},[69,35335,99],{"class":87},[69,35337,2201],{"class":83},[20,35339,35340],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[29,35342,35343,35345,35347,35350],{},[32,35344,6009],{},[32,35346,6000],{},[32,35348,35349],{},"modules",[32,35351,35352],{},"custom objects",[55,35354,840,35356,35358],{"id":35355},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,35357,35002],{}," with a value",[20,35360,35361,35362,35364],{},"A common use of ",[15,35363,35002],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[377,35366,35368],{"id":35367},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[60,35370,35372],{"className":62,"code":35371,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,35373,35374,35387],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,35375,35376,35379,35381,35383,35385],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,35377,35378],{"class":75},"text ",[69,35380,80],{"class":79},[69,35382,881],{"class":699},[69,35384,1275],{"class":703},[69,35386,4079],{"class":699},[69,35388,35389,35391,35393,35395,35397,35400],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,35390,172],{"class":128},[69,35392,132],{"class":83},[69,35394,35063],{"class":128},[69,35396,132],{"class":83},[69,35398,35399],{"class":146},"text",[69,35401,318],{"class":83},[20,35403,35404],{},"You will see method names like:",[29,35406,35407,35411,35415,35419],{},[32,35408,35409],{},[15,35410,9326],{},[32,35412,35413],{},[15,35414,35168],{},[32,35416,35417],{},[15,35418,35159],{},[32,35420,35421],{},[15,35422,9320],{},[20,35424,35425],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[377,35427,35429],{"id":35428},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[60,35431,35433],{"className":62,"code":35432,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,35434,35435,35455],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,35436,35437,35439,35441,35443,35445,35447,35449,35451,35453],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,35438,76],{"class":75},[69,35440,80],{"class":79},[69,35442,84],{"class":83},[69,35444,88],{"class":87},[69,35446,91],{"class":83},[69,35448,94],{"class":87},[69,35450,91],{"class":83},[69,35452,99],{"class":87},[69,35454,117],{"class":83},[69,35456,35457,35459,35461,35463,35465,35467],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,35458,172],{"class":128},[69,35460,132],{"class":83},[69,35462,35063],{"class":128},[69,35464,132],{"class":83},[69,35466,4366],{"class":146},[69,35468,318],{"class":83},[20,35470,35404],{},[29,35472,35473,35477,35481,35486],{},[32,35474,35475],{},[15,35476,1606],{},[32,35478,35479],{},[15,35480,26929],{},[32,35482,35483],{},[15,35484,35485],{},"remove",[32,35487,35488],{},[15,35489,35490],{},"sort",[20,35492,35493],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,35495,35496,35497,35502,35503,35505],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[533,35498,35500],{"href":35499},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,35501,3029],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,35504,35002],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[55,35507,840,35509,35234],{"id":35508},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,35510,35002],{},[20,35512,35513,35514,35516],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,35515,35002],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,35518,35519],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[60,35521,35523],{"className":62,"code":35522,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,35524,35525,35534,35538,35547,35558,35562],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,35526,35527,35529,35531],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,35528,3748],{"class":75},[69,35530,80],{"class":79},[69,35532,35533],{"class":87}," 5\n",[69,35535,35536],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,35537,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,35539,35540,35542,35545],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,35541,1036],{"class":135},[69,35543,35544],{"class":1039}," greet",[69,35546,22285],{"class":83},[69,35548,35549,35551,35553,35556],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,35550,1054],{"class":1053},[69,35552,881],{"class":699},[69,35554,35555],{"class":703},"Hello",[69,35557,4079],{"class":699},[69,35559,35560],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,35561,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,35563,35564,35566,35568,35570],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,35565,172],{"class":128},[69,35567,132],{"class":83},[69,35569,35063],{"class":128},[69,35571,7882],{"class":83},[20,35573,35574],{},"The output will include names like:",[29,35576,35577,35581],{},[32,35578,35579],{},[15,35580,2904],{},[32,35582,35583],{},[15,35584,35585],{},"greet",[20,35587,35588],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[29,35590,35591,35594,35597],{},[32,35592,35593],{},"what variables exist",[32,35595,35596],{},"what functions you have defined",[32,35598,35599],{},"what names are currently available",[20,35601,35602],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[55,35604,35606],{"id":35605},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,35608,35609,35610,35612],{},"When you first use ",[15,35611,35002],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,35614,234],{},[60,35616,35617],{"className":62,"code":35371,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,35618,35619,35631],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,35620,35621,35623,35625,35627,35629],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,35622,35378],{"class":75},[69,35624,80],{"class":79},[69,35626,881],{"class":699},[69,35628,1275],{"class":703},[69,35630,4079],{"class":699},[69,35632,35633,35635,35637,35639,35641,35643],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,35634,172],{"class":128},[69,35636,132],{"class":83},[69,35638,35063],{"class":128},[69,35640,132],{"class":83},[69,35642,35399],{"class":146},[69,35644,318],{"class":83},[20,35646,35647],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[29,35649,35650,35654,35658],{},[32,35651,35652],{},[15,35653,35101],{},[32,35655,35656],{},[15,35657,35137],{},[32,35659,35660],{},[15,35661,35662],{},"__len__",[20,35664,35665],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35667,35668],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[29,35670,35671,35675,35679,35683],{},[32,35672,35673],{},[15,35674,35168],{},[32,35676,35677],{},[15,35678,9326],{},[32,35680,35681],{},[15,35682,35159],{},[32,35684,35685],{},[15,35686,35687],{},"replace",[20,35689,35690],{},"A key point to remember:",[29,35692,35693,35701],{},[32,35694,35695,35697,35698],{},[15,35696,35002],{}," lists ",[42,35699,35700],{},"names only",[32,35702,35703,35704,35706],{},"it does ",[42,35705,5334],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35708,35709,35710,537],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[533,35711,35713],{"href":35712},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35714,35715],{},"help()",[20,35717,6172],{},[60,35719,35721],{"className":62,"code":35720,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35722,35723,35735],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,35724,35725,35727,35729,35731,35733],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,35726,8563],{"class":75},[69,35728,80],{"class":79},[69,35730,881],{"class":699},[69,35732,1275],{"class":703},[69,35734,4079],{"class":699},[69,35736,35737,35739,35741,35743,35745,35747],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,35738,32842],{"class":128},[69,35740,132],{"class":83},[69,35742,8356],{"class":146},[69,35744,537],{"class":83},[69,35746,35168],{"class":25438},[69,35748,166],{"class":83},[55,35750,35752,35754],{"id":35751},"dir-on-modules",[15,35753,35002],{}," on modules",[20,35756,16406,35757,35759],{},[15,35758,35002],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35761,35762],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[377,35764,35766,35767,35769],{"id":35765},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35768,19107],{}," module",[60,35771,35773],{"className":62,"code":35772,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35774,35775,35783,35787],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,35776,35777,35780],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,35778,35779],{"class":1053},"import",[69,35781,35782],{"class":75}," math\n",[69,35784,35785],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,35786,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,35788,35789,35791,35793,35795,35797,35799],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,35790,172],{"class":128},[69,35792,132],{"class":83},[69,35794,35063],{"class":128},[69,35796,132],{"class":83},[69,35798,19107],{"class":146},[69,35800,318],{"class":83},[20,35802,35803],{},"You may see names like:",[29,35805,35806,35811,35816,35821],{},[32,35807,35808],{},[15,35809,35810],{},"sqrt",[32,35812,35813],{},[15,35814,35815],{},"ceil",[32,35817,35818],{},[15,35819,35820],{},"floor",[32,35822,35823],{},[15,35824,35825],{},"pi",[20,35827,35828],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35830,35831],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[29,35833,35834,35840],{},[32,35835,35836],{},[533,35837,35839],{"href":35838},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[32,35841,35842],{},[533,35843,35845],{"href":35844},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[377,35847,35849],{"id":35848},"another-example","Another example",[60,35851,35853],{"className":62,"code":35852,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35854,35855,35862,35866],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,35856,35857,35859],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,35858,35779],{"class":1053},[69,35860,35861],{"class":75}," json\n",[69,35863,35864],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,35865,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,35867,35868,35870,35872,35874,35876,35879],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,35869,172],{"class":128},[69,35871,132],{"class":83},[69,35873,35063],{"class":128},[69,35875,132],{"class":83},[69,35877,35878],{"class":146},"json",[69,35880,318],{"class":83},[20,35882,35883,35884,2920,35887,2920,35890,2574,35893,537],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35885,35886],{},"dump",[15,35888,35889],{},"dumps",[15,35891,35892],{},"load",[15,35894,35895],{},"loads",[55,35897,35899,11272,35901],{"id":35898},"dir-vs-help",[15,35900,35002],{},[15,35902,35715],{},[20,35904,35905,5096,35907,35909],{},[15,35906,35002],{},[15,35908,35715],{}," are often used together.",[377,35911,35912],{"id":35063},[15,35913,35002],{},[29,35915,35916,35919],{},[32,35917,35918],{},"shows available names",[32,35920,35921],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[377,35923,35924],{"id":32842},[15,35925,35715],{},[29,35927,35928,35931],{},[32,35929,35930],{},"explains what an object or function does",[32,35932,35933],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35935,35936],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[60,35938,35940],{"className":62,"code":35939,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35941,35942,35954,35958,35972],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,35943,35944,35946,35948,35950,35952],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,35945,8563],{"class":75},[69,35947,80],{"class":79},[69,35949,881],{"class":699},[69,35951,1275],{"class":703},[69,35953,4079],{"class":699},[69,35955,35956],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,35957,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,35959,35960,35962,35964,35966,35968,35970],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,35961,172],{"class":128},[69,35963,132],{"class":83},[69,35965,35063],{"class":128},[69,35967,132],{"class":83},[69,35969,8356],{"class":146},[69,35971,318],{"class":83},[69,35973,35974,35976,35978,35980,35982,35984],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,35975,32842],{"class":128},[69,35977,132],{"class":83},[69,35979,8356],{"class":146},[69,35981,537],{"class":83},[69,35983,35168],{"class":25438},[69,35985,166],{"class":83},[20,35987,1378,35988,35990,35991,35993,35994,35996],{},[15,35989,35002],{}," first to find a method name.",[10532,35992],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35995,35715],{}," to understand how to use it.",[55,35998,26045],{"id":26044},[20,36000,36001],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[377,36003,36005,36007],{"id":36004},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,36006,35002],{}," returns names, not values",[20,36009,36010,36012],{},[15,36011,35002],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,36014,36015,36016,36018,36019,36022],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,36017,35168],{}," in ",[15,36020,36021],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[377,36024,36026],{"id":36025},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,36028,36029],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,36031,36032],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[377,36034,36036],{"id":36035},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,36038,36039],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,36041,6172],{},[29,36043,36044,36049,36055],{},[32,36045,36046,36048],{},[15,36047,36021],{}," shows string-related names",[32,36050,36051,36054],{},[15,36052,36053],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[32,36056,36057,36060,36061,35769],{},[15,36058,36059],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,36062,19107],{},[377,36064,36066],{"id":36065},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,36068,36069,36070,36072],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,36071,35002],{}," does not mean you already know:",[29,36074,36075,36078,36081],{},[32,36076,36077],{},"what it does",[32,36079,36080],{},"what arguments it needs",[32,36082,36083],{},"what it returns",[20,36085,36086,36087,36089],{},"That is why ",[15,36088,35715],{}," is the natural next step.",[55,36091,1771],{"id":1770},[20,36093,36094,36095,36097],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,36096,35002],{}," in these situations:",[29,36099,36100,36103,36112,36115],{},[32,36101,36102],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[32,36104,36105,36106,36111],{},"Seeing an ",[533,36107,36109],{"href":36108},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,36110,26359],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[32,36113,36114],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[32,36116,840,36117,36119,36120],{},[15,36118,35002],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,36121,35715],{},[20,36123,36124],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[60,36126,36128],{"className":62,"code":36127,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,36129,36130,36142,36146,36160,36174],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,36131,36132,36134,36136,36138,36140],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,36133,8563],{"class":75},[69,36135,80],{"class":79},[69,36137,881],{"class":699},[69,36139,1275],{"class":703},[69,36141,4079],{"class":699},[69,36143,36144],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,36145,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,36147,36148,36150,36152,36154,36156,36158],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,36149,172],{"class":128},[69,36151,132],{"class":83},[69,36153,641],{"class":177},[69,36155,132],{"class":83},[69,36157,8356],{"class":146},[69,36159,318],{"class":83},[69,36161,36162,36164,36166,36168,36170,36172],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,36163,172],{"class":128},[69,36165,132],{"class":83},[69,36167,35063],{"class":128},[69,36169,132],{"class":83},[69,36171,8356],{"class":146},[69,36173,318],{"class":83},[69,36175,36176,36178,36180,36182,36184,36186],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,36177,32842],{"class":128},[69,36179,132],{"class":83},[69,36181,8356],{"class":146},[69,36183,537],{"class":83},[69,36185,35168],{"class":25438},[69,36187,166],{"class":83},[20,36189,36190],{},"And for modules:",[60,36192,36193],{"className":62,"code":35772,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,36194,36195,36201,36205],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,36196,36197,36199],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,36198,35779],{"class":1053},[69,36200,35782],{"class":75},[69,36202,36203],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,36204,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,36206,36207,36209,36211,36213,36215,36217],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,36208,172],{"class":128},[69,36210,132],{"class":83},[69,36212,35063],{"class":128},[69,36214,132],{"class":83},[69,36216,19107],{"class":146},[69,36218,318],{"class":83},[20,36220,36221],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[60,36223,36225],{"className":62,"code":36224,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,36226,36227,36232,36244,36254,36268,36274],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,36228,36229],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,36230,36231],{"class":75},"python\n",[69,36233,36234,36236,36238,36240,36242],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,36235,8563],{"class":75},[69,36237,80],{"class":79},[69,36239,881],{"class":699},[69,36241,1275],{"class":703},[69,36243,4079],{"class":699},[69,36245,36246,36248,36250,36252],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,36247,35063],{"class":128},[69,36249,132],{"class":83},[69,36251,8356],{"class":146},[69,36253,166],{"class":83},[69,36255,36256,36258,36260,36262,36264,36266],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,36257,32842],{"class":128},[69,36259,132],{"class":83},[69,36261,8356],{"class":146},[69,36263,537],{"class":83},[69,36265,35168],{"class":25438},[69,36267,166],{"class":83},[69,36269,36270,36272],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,36271,35779],{"class":1053},[69,36273,35782],{"class":75},[69,36275,36276,36278,36280,36282],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,36277,35063],{"class":128},[69,36279,132],{"class":83},[69,36281,19107],{"class":146},[69,36283,166],{"class":83},[55,36285,2519],{"id":2518},[377,36287,2561,36289,5846],{"id":36288},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,36290,35002],{},[20,36292,36293],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[377,36295,5881,36297,5096,36299,3218],{"id":36296},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,36298,35002],{},[15,36300,35715],{},[20,36302,36303,36305,36306,36308],{},[15,36304,35002],{}," lists available names. ",[15,36307,35715],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[377,36310,36312,36313,36315],{"id":36311},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,36314,35002],{}," output?",[20,36317,36318],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[377,36320,5871,36322,36324,36325,3218],{"id":36321},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,36323,35002],{}," help fix ",[15,36326,26359],{},[20,36328,36329,36330,537],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[533,36331,36332],{"href":36108},"object has no attribute",[55,36334,2620],{"id":2619},[29,36336,36337,36343,36348,36352,36356],{},[32,36338,36339],{},[533,36340,13,36341,2515],{"href":35712},[15,36342,35715],{},[32,36344,36345],{},[533,36346,36347],{"href":36108},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[32,36349,36350],{},[533,36351,35839],{"href":35838},[32,36353,36354],{},[533,36355,35845],{"href":35844},[32,36357,36358],{},[533,36359,13,36360,2515],{"href":35499},[15,36361,3029],{},[20,36363,36364,36365,36367,36368,36370],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,36366,35002],{}," together with ",[15,36369,35715],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2650,36372,36373],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":36375},[36376,36377,36379,36384,36389,36391,36392,36398,36403,36410,36411,36421],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":35178,"depth":120,"text":36378},"What dir() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888,"children":36380},[36381,36383],{"id":35231,"depth":169,"text":36382},"dir() with no argument",{"id":35287,"depth":169,"text":35074},{"id":35355,"depth":120,"text":36385,"children":36386},"Using dir() with a value",[36387,36388],{"id":35367,"depth":169,"text":35368},{"id":35428,"depth":169,"text":35429},{"id":35508,"depth":120,"text":36390},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35605,"depth":120,"text":35606},{"id":35751,"depth":120,"text":36393,"children":36394},"dir() on modules",[36395,36397],{"id":35765,"depth":169,"text":36396},"Example: math module",{"id":35848,"depth":169,"text":35849},{"id":35898,"depth":120,"text":36399,"children":36400},"dir() vs help()",[36401,36402],{"id":35063,"depth":169,"text":35002},{"id":32842,"depth":169,"text":35715},{"id":26044,"depth":120,"text":26045,"children":36404},[36405,36407,36408,36409],{"id":36004,"depth":169,"text":36406},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":36025,"depth":169,"text":36026},{"id":36035,"depth":169,"text":36036},{"id":36065,"depth":169,"text":36066},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":36412},[36413,36415,36417,36419],{"id":36288,"depth":169,"text":36414},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":36296,"depth":169,"text":36416},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":36311,"depth":169,"text":36418},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":36321,"depth":169,"text":36420},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34994,"description":36422},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":36429,"title":36430,"body":36431,"description":38247,"extension":2697,"meta":38248,"navigation":272,"path":38249,"seo":38250,"stem":38251,"__hash__":38252},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":36432,"toc":38216},[36433,36439,36444,36447,36455,36461,36463,36543,36545,36571,36576,36581,36586,36589,36600,36603,36605,36684,36686,36712,36719,36721,36723,36748,36751,36764,36769,36771,36852,36854,36880,36889,36894,36902,36908,36915,36918,36920,36999,37002,37059,37061,37098,37104,37109,37114,37117,37131,37133,37236,37238,37281,37290,37300,37307,37313,37320,37403,37405,37428,37431,37434,37436,37440,37444,37447,37510,37533,37536,37540,37546,37548,37615,37618,37695,37700,37706,37709,37712,37758,37760,37784,37789,37793,37798,37804,37867,37870,37872,37875,37899,37902,38036,38038,38137,38139,38144,38147,38153,38163,38171,38176,38182,38188,38190,38213],[10,36434,13,36436,18],{"id":36435},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,36437,36438],{},"enumerate()",[20,36440,36441,36443],{},[15,36442,36438],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,36445,36446],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[29,36448,36449,36452],{},[32,36450,36451],{},"the item itself",[32,36453,36454],{},"its index in the loop",[20,36456,36457,36458,36460],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,36459,36438],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[55,36462,58],{"id":57},[60,36464,36466],{"className":62,"code":36465,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36467,36468,36500,36504,36527],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,36469,36470,36472,36474,36476,36478,36480,36482,36484,36486,36488,36490,36492,36494,36496,36498],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,36471,13768],{"class":75},[69,36473,80],{"class":79},[69,36475,84],{"class":83},[69,36477,871],{"class":699},[69,36479,13785],{"class":703},[69,36481,871],{"class":699},[69,36483,91],{"class":83},[69,36485,881],{"class":699},[69,36487,18145],{"class":703},[69,36489,871],{"class":699},[69,36491,91],{"class":83},[69,36493,881],{"class":699},[69,36495,13802],{"class":703},[69,36497,871],{"class":699},[69,36499,117],{"class":83},[69,36501,36502],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,36503,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,36505,36506,36508,36511,36513,36516,36518,36521,36523,36525],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,36507,1514],{"class":1053},[69,36509,36510],{"class":75}," index",[69,36512,91],{"class":83},[69,36514,36515],{"class":75}," color ",[69,36517,1574],{"class":1053},[69,36519,36520],{"class":128}," enumerate",[69,36522,132],{"class":83},[69,36524,18192],{"class":146},[69,36526,1048],{"class":83},[69,36528,36529,36531,36533,36536,36538,36541],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,36530,8756],{"class":128},[69,36532,132],{"class":83},[69,36534,36535],{"class":146},"index",[69,36537,91],{"class":83},[69,36539,36540],{"class":146}," color",[69,36542,166],{"class":83},[20,36544,321],{},[60,36546,36548],{"className":62,"code":36547,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,36549,36550,36557,36564],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,36551,36552,36554],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,36553,1226],{"class":87},[69,36555,36556],{"class":75}," red\n",[69,36558,36559,36561],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,36560,88],{"class":87},[69,36562,36563],{"class":75}," green\n",[69,36565,36566,36568],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,36567,1155],{"class":87},[69,36569,36570],{"class":75}," blue\n",[20,36572,1378,36573,36575],{},[15,36574,36438],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[55,36577,202,36579,205],{"id":36578},"what-enumerate-does",[15,36580,36438],{},[20,36582,36583,36585],{},[15,36584,36438],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,36587,36588],{},"It is commonly used with:",[29,36590,36591,36593,36595,36597],{},[32,36592,6000],{},[32,36594,6003],{},[32,36596,6009],{},[32,36598,36599],{},"other iterable objects",[20,36601,36602],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,36604,234],{},[60,36606,36608],{"className":62,"code":36607,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,36609,36610,36644,36648,36669],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,36611,36612,36614,36616,36618,36620,36622,36624,36626,36628,36631,36633,36635,36637,36640,36642],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,36613,5699],{"class":75},[69,36615,80],{"class":79},[69,36617,84],{"class":83},[69,36619,871],{"class":699},[69,36621,13572],{"class":703},[69,36623,871],{"class":699},[69,36625,91],{"class":83},[69,36627,881],{"class":699},[69,36629,36630],{"class":703},"Ben",[69,36632,871],{"class":699},[69,36634,91],{"class":83},[69,36636,881],{"class":699},[69,36638,36639],{"class":703},"Cara",[69,36641,871],{"class":699},[69,36643,117],{"class":83},[69,36645,36646],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,36647,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,36649,36650,36652,36654,36656,36659,36661,36663,36665,36667],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,36651,1514],{"class":1053},[69,36653,36510],{"class":75},[69,36655,91],{"class":83},[69,36657,36658],{"class":75}," name ",[69,36660,1574],{"class":1053},[69,36662,36520],{"class":128},[69,36664,132],{"class":83},[69,36666,5743],{"class":146},[69,36668,1048],{"class":83},[69,36670,36671,36673,36675,36677,36679,36682],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,36672,8756],{"class":128},[69,36674,132],{"class":83},[69,36676,36535],{"class":146},[69,36678,91],{"class":83},[69,36680,36681],{"class":146}," name",[69,36683,166],{"class":83},[20,36685,321],{},[60,36687,36689],{"className":62,"code":36688,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36690,36691,36698,36705],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,36692,36693,36695],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,36694,1226],{"class":87},[69,36696,36697],{"class":75}," Ana\n",[69,36699,36700,36702],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,36701,88],{"class":87},[69,36703,36704],{"class":75}," Ben\n",[69,36706,36707,36709],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,36708,1155],{"class":87},[69,36710,36711],{"class":75}," Cara\n",[20,36713,36714,36715,537],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[533,36716,36718],{"href":36717},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[55,36720,2888],{"id":2887},[20,36722,354],{},[60,36724,36726],{"className":62,"code":36725,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36727,36728],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,36729,36730,36733,36735,36737,36739,36742,36744,36746],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,36731,36732],{"class":128},"enumerate",[69,36734,132],{"class":83},[69,36736,399],{"class":146},[69,36738,91],{"class":83},[69,36740,36741],{"class":9862}," start",[69,36743,80],{"class":79},[69,36745,1226],{"class":87},[69,36747,166],{"class":83},[20,36749,36750],{},"It has two parts:",[29,36752,36753,36758],{},[32,36754,36755,36757],{},[15,36756,399],{},": the object you want to loop through",[32,36759,36760,36763],{},[15,36761,36762],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36765,36766,36767,537],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36768,1226],{},[20,36770,234],{},[60,36772,36774],{"className":62,"code":36773,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36775,36776,36809,36813,36836],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,36777,36778,36781,36783,36785,36787,36789,36791,36793,36795,36797,36799,36801,36803,36805,36807],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,36779,36780],{"class":75},"letters ",[69,36782,80],{"class":79},[69,36784,84],{"class":83},[69,36786,871],{"class":699},[69,36788,533],{"class":703},[69,36790,871],{"class":699},[69,36792,91],{"class":83},[69,36794,881],{"class":699},[69,36796,5465],{"class":703},[69,36798,871],{"class":699},[69,36800,91],{"class":83},[69,36802,881],{"class":699},[69,36804,10425],{"class":703},[69,36806,871],{"class":699},[69,36808,117],{"class":83},[69,36810,36811],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,36812,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,36814,36815,36817,36820,36822,36825,36827,36829,36831,36834],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,36816,1514],{"class":1053},[69,36818,36819],{"class":75}," i",[69,36821,91],{"class":83},[69,36823,36824],{"class":75}," letter ",[69,36826,1574],{"class":1053},[69,36828,36520],{"class":128},[69,36830,132],{"class":83},[69,36832,36833],{"class":146},"letters",[69,36835,1048],{"class":83},[69,36837,36838,36840,36842,36845,36847,36850],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,36839,8756],{"class":128},[69,36841,132],{"class":83},[69,36843,36844],{"class":146},"i",[69,36846,91],{"class":83},[69,36848,36849],{"class":146}," letter",[69,36851,166],{"class":83},[20,36853,321],{},[60,36855,36857],{"className":62,"code":36856,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36858,36859,36866,36873],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,36860,36861,36863],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,36862,1226],{"class":87},[69,36864,36865],{"class":75}," a\n",[69,36867,36868,36870],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,36869,88],{"class":87},[69,36871,36872],{"class":75}," b\n",[69,36874,36875,36877],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,36876,1155],{"class":87},[69,36878,36879],{"class":75}," c\n",[20,36881,36882,36883,537],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[533,36884,13,36886,2515],{"href":36885},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36887,36888],{},"range()",[55,36890,202,36892,12396],{"id":36891},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36893,36438],{},[20,36895,36896,36898,36899,537],{},[15,36897,36438],{}," returns an ",[42,36900,36901],{},"enumerate object",[20,36903,36904,36905,36907],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36906,1514],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[29,36909,36910],{},[32,36911,36912],{},[15,36913,36914],{},"(index, item)",[20,36916,36917],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36919,234],{},[60,36921,36923],{"className":62,"code":36922,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36924,36925,36958,36962,36984],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,36926,36927,36930,36932,36934,36936,36938,36940,36942,36944,36946,36948,36950,36952,36954,36956],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,36928,36929],{"class":75},"fruits ",[69,36931,80],{"class":79},[69,36933,84],{"class":83},[69,36935,871],{"class":699},[69,36937,874],{"class":703},[69,36939,871],{"class":699},[69,36941,91],{"class":83},[69,36943,881],{"class":699},[69,36945,893],{"class":703},[69,36947,871],{"class":699},[69,36949,91],{"class":83},[69,36951,881],{"class":699},[69,36953,33911],{"class":703},[69,36955,871],{"class":699},[69,36957,117],{"class":83},[69,36959,36960],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,36961,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,36963,36964,36966,36968,36970,36973,36975,36977,36979,36982],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,36965,1514],{"class":1053},[69,36967,36510],{"class":75},[69,36969,91],{"class":83},[69,36971,36972],{"class":75}," fruit ",[69,36974,1574],{"class":1053},[69,36976,36520],{"class":128},[69,36978,132],{"class":83},[69,36980,36981],{"class":146},"fruits",[69,36983,1048],{"class":83},[69,36985,36986,36988,36990,36992,36994,36997],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,36987,8756],{"class":128},[69,36989,132],{"class":83},[69,36991,36535],{"class":146},[69,36993,91],{"class":83},[69,36995,36996],{"class":146}," fruit",[69,36998,166],{"class":83},[20,37000,37001],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[60,37003,37005],{"className":62,"code":37004,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,37006,37007,37027,37031,37049],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,37008,37009,37011,37013,37015,37017,37019,37021,37023,37025],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,37010,76],{"class":75},[69,37012,80],{"class":79},[69,37014,84],{"class":83},[69,37016,444],{"class":87},[69,37018,91],{"class":83},[69,37020,454],{"class":87},[69,37022,91],{"class":83},[69,37024,8482],{"class":87},[69,37026,117],{"class":83},[69,37028,37029],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,37030,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,37032,37033,37035,37037,37039,37041,37043,37045,37047],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,37034,123],{"class":75},[69,37036,80],{"class":79},[69,37038,2162],{"class":177},[69,37040,132],{"class":83},[69,37042,36732],{"class":128},[69,37044,132],{"class":83},[69,37046,4366],{"class":146},[69,37048,318],{"class":83},[69,37050,37051,37053,37055,37057],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,37052,172],{"class":128},[69,37054,132],{"class":83},[69,37056,183],{"class":146},[69,37058,166],{"class":83},[20,37060,321],{},[60,37062,37064],{"className":62,"code":37063,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,37065,37066],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,37067,37068,37070,37072,37074,37076,37078,37080,37082,37084,37086,37088,37090,37092,37094,37096],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,37069,22430],{"class":83},[69,37071,1226],{"class":87},[69,37073,91],{"class":83},[69,37075,6701],{"class":87},[69,37077,9920],{"class":83},[69,37079,441],{"class":83},[69,37081,88],{"class":87},[69,37083,91],{"class":83},[69,37085,454],{"class":87},[69,37087,9920],{"class":83},[69,37089,441],{"class":83},[69,37091,1155],{"class":87},[69,37093,91],{"class":83},[69,37095,8482],{"class":87},[69,37097,9935],{"class":83},[20,37099,37100,37101,37103],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,37102,36438],{}," produces.",[55,37105,1373,37107],{"id":37106},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,37108,36438],{},[20,37110,1378,37111,37113],{},[15,37112,36438],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,37115,37116],{},"Common cases:",[29,37118,37119,37122,37125,37128],{},[32,37120,37121],{},"printing numbered output",[32,37123,37124],{},"building menus",[32,37126,37127],{},"showing positions in a list",[32,37129,37130],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,37132,234],{},[60,37134,37136],{"className":62,"code":37135,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,37137,37138,37173,37177,37207],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,37139,37140,37142,37144,37146,37148,37151,37153,37155,37157,37160,37162,37164,37166,37169,37171],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,37141,30586],{"class":75},[69,37143,80],{"class":79},[69,37145,84],{"class":83},[69,37147,871],{"class":699},[69,37149,37150],{"class":703},"Wash dishes",[69,37152,871],{"class":699},[69,37154,91],{"class":83},[69,37156,881],{"class":699},[69,37158,37159],{"class":703},"Study Python",[69,37161,871],{"class":699},[69,37163,91],{"class":83},[69,37165,881],{"class":699},[69,37167,37168],{"class":703},"Go for a walk",[69,37170,871],{"class":699},[69,37172,117],{"class":83},[69,37174,37175],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,37176,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,37178,37179,37181,37183,37185,37188,37190,37192,37194,37197,37199,37201,37203,37205],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,37180,1514],{"class":1053},[69,37182,2928],{"class":75},[69,37184,91],{"class":83},[69,37186,37187],{"class":75}," task ",[69,37189,1574],{"class":1053},[69,37191,36520],{"class":128},[69,37193,132],{"class":83},[69,37195,37196],{"class":146},"tasks",[69,37198,91],{"class":83},[69,37200,36741],{"class":9862},[69,37202,80],{"class":79},[69,37204,88],{"class":87},[69,37206,1048],{"class":83},[69,37208,37209,37211,37213,37215,37217,37219,37221,37223,37225,37227,37230,37232,37234],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,37210,8756],{"class":128},[69,37212,132],{"class":83},[69,37214,22983],{"class":135},[69,37216,871],{"class":703},[69,37218,9964],{"class":87},[69,37220,1045],{"class":146},[69,37222,22992],{"class":87},[69,37224,29002],{"class":703},[69,37226,9964],{"class":87},[69,37228,37229],{"class":146},"task",[69,37231,22992],{"class":87},[69,37233,871],{"class":703},[69,37235,166],{"class":83},[20,37237,321],{},[60,37239,37241],{"className":62,"code":37240,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,37242,37243,37255,37267],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,37244,37245,37247,37249,37252],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,37246,88],{"class":87},[69,37248,537],{"class":83},[69,37250,37251],{"class":25438}," Wash",[69,37253,37254],{"class":75}," dishes\n",[69,37256,37257,37259,37261,37264],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,37258,1155],{"class":87},[69,37260,537],{"class":83},[69,37262,37263],{"class":25438}," Study",[69,37265,37266],{"class":75}," Python\n",[69,37268,37269,37271,37273,37276,37278],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,37270,346],{"class":87},[69,37272,537],{"class":83},[69,37274,37275],{"class":25438}," Go",[69,37277,4587],{"class":1053},[69,37279,37280],{"class":75}," a walk\n",[20,37282,37283,37284,37286,37287,537],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,37285,36438],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,37288,37289],{},"range(len(...))",[20,37291,37292,37293,537],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[533,37294,37296,37297,37299],{"href":37295},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,37298,36438],{}," in Python",[55,37301,37303,37304,37306],{"id":37302},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,37305,36762],{}," argument",[20,37308,37309,37310,37312],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,37311,36762],{}," argument.",[20,37314,37315,37316,11780,37318,143],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,37317,88],{},[15,37319,1226],{},[60,37321,37323],{"className":62,"code":37322,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,37324,37325,37357,37361,37389],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,37326,37327,37329,37331,37333,37335,37337,37339,37341,37343,37345,37347,37349,37351,37353,37355],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,37328,13768],{"class":75},[69,37330,80],{"class":79},[69,37332,84],{"class":83},[69,37334,871],{"class":699},[69,37336,13785],{"class":703},[69,37338,871],{"class":699},[69,37340,91],{"class":83},[69,37342,881],{"class":699},[69,37344,18145],{"class":703},[69,37346,871],{"class":699},[69,37348,91],{"class":83},[69,37350,881],{"class":699},[69,37352,13802],{"class":703},[69,37354,871],{"class":699},[69,37356,117],{"class":83},[69,37358,37359],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,37360,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,37362,37363,37365,37367,37369,37371,37373,37375,37377,37379,37381,37383,37385,37387],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,37364,1514],{"class":1053},[69,37366,36510],{"class":75},[69,37368,91],{"class":83},[69,37370,36515],{"class":75},[69,37372,1574],{"class":1053},[69,37374,36520],{"class":128},[69,37376,132],{"class":83},[69,37378,18192],{"class":146},[69,37380,91],{"class":83},[69,37382,36741],{"class":9862},[69,37384,80],{"class":79},[69,37386,88],{"class":87},[69,37388,1048],{"class":83},[69,37390,37391,37393,37395,37397,37399,37401],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,37392,8756],{"class":128},[69,37394,132],{"class":83},[69,37396,36535],{"class":146},[69,37398,91],{"class":83},[69,37400,36540],{"class":146},[69,37402,166],{"class":83},[20,37404,321],{},[60,37406,37408],{"className":62,"code":37407,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,37409,37410,37416,37422],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,37411,37412,37414],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,37413,88],{"class":87},[69,37415,36556],{"class":75},[69,37417,37418,37420],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,37419,1155],{"class":87},[69,37421,36563],{"class":75},[69,37423,37424,37426],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,37425,346],{"class":87},[69,37427,36570],{"class":75},[20,37429,37430],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,37432,37433],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[55,37435,26045],{"id":26044},[20,37437,26048,37438,537],{},[15,37439,36438],{},[377,37441,37443],{"id":37442},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,37445,37446],{},"In this loop:",[60,37448,37450],{"className":62,"code":37449,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,37451,37452,37472,37476,37496],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,37453,37454,37456,37458,37460,37462,37464,37466,37468,37470],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,37455,76],{"class":75},[69,37457,80],{"class":79},[69,37459,84],{"class":83},[69,37461,444],{"class":87},[69,37463,91],{"class":83},[69,37465,454],{"class":87},[69,37467,91],{"class":83},[69,37469,8482],{"class":87},[69,37471,117],{"class":83},[69,37473,37474],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,37475,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,37477,37478,37480,37482,37484,37486,37488,37490,37492,37494],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,37479,1514],{"class":1053},[69,37481,36510],{"class":75},[69,37483,91],{"class":83},[69,37485,22274],{"class":75},[69,37487,1574],{"class":1053},[69,37489,36520],{"class":128},[69,37491,132],{"class":83},[69,37493,4366],{"class":146},[69,37495,1048],{"class":83},[69,37497,37498,37500,37502,37504,37506,37508],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,37499,8756],{"class":128},[69,37501,132],{"class":83},[69,37503,36535],{"class":146},[69,37505,91],{"class":83},[69,37507,9119],{"class":146},[69,37509,166],{"class":83},[29,37511,37512,37522],{},[32,37513,37514,5488,37516,2920,37518,2920,37520],{},[15,37515,36535],{},[15,37517,1226],{},[15,37519,88],{},[15,37521,1155],{},[32,37523,37524,5488,37526,2920,37528,2920,37530],{},[15,37525,3198],{},[15,37527,444],{},[15,37529,522],{},[15,37531,37532],{},"30",[20,37534,37535],{},"These are different things.",[377,37537,37539],{"id":37538},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,37541,37542,37543,37545],{},"Each item from ",[15,37544,36438],{}," is a pair.",[20,37547,7376],{},[60,37549,37551],{"className":62,"code":37550,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,37552,37553,37577,37581,37601],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,37554,37555,37557,37559,37561,37563,37565,37567,37569,37571,37573,37575],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,37556,1252],{"class":75},[69,37558,80],{"class":79},[69,37560,84],{"class":83},[69,37562,871],{"class":699},[69,37564,2904],{"class":703},[69,37566,871],{"class":699},[69,37568,91],{"class":83},[69,37570,881],{"class":699},[69,37572,12436],{"class":703},[69,37574,871],{"class":699},[69,37576,117],{"class":83},[69,37578,37579],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,37580,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,37582,37583,37585,37587,37589,37591,37593,37595,37597,37599],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,37584,1514],{"class":1053},[69,37586,36819],{"class":75},[69,37588,91],{"class":83},[69,37590,6658],{"class":75},[69,37592,1574],{"class":1053},[69,37594,36520],{"class":128},[69,37596,132],{"class":83},[69,37598,8497],{"class":146},[69,37600,1048],{"class":83},[69,37602,37603,37605,37607,37609,37611,37613],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,37604,8756],{"class":128},[69,37606,132],{"class":83},[69,37608,36844],{"class":146},[69,37610,91],{"class":83},[69,37612,30195],{"class":146},[69,37614,166],{"class":83},[20,37616,37617],{},"But this causes an error:",[60,37619,37621],{"className":62,"code":37620,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37622,37623,37647,37651,37676],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,37624,37625,37627,37629,37631,37633,37635,37637,37639,37641,37643,37645],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,37626,1252],{"class":75},[69,37628,80],{"class":79},[69,37630,84],{"class":83},[69,37632,871],{"class":699},[69,37634,2904],{"class":703},[69,37636,871],{"class":699},[69,37638,91],{"class":83},[69,37640,881],{"class":699},[69,37642,12436],{"class":703},[69,37644,871],{"class":699},[69,37646,117],{"class":83},[69,37648,37649],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,37650,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,37652,37653,37655,37657,37659,37661,37663,37666,37668,37670,37672,37674],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,37654,1514],{"class":1053},[69,37656,36819],{"class":75},[69,37658,91],{"class":83},[69,37660,30195],{"class":75},[69,37662,91],{"class":83},[69,37664,37665],{"class":75}," extra ",[69,37667,1574],{"class":1053},[69,37669,36520],{"class":128},[69,37671,132],{"class":83},[69,37673,8497],{"class":146},[69,37675,1048],{"class":83},[69,37677,37678,37680,37682,37684,37686,37688,37690,37693],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,37679,8756],{"class":128},[69,37681,132],{"class":83},[69,37683,36844],{"class":146},[69,37685,91],{"class":83},[69,37687,30195],{"class":146},[69,37689,91],{"class":83},[69,37691,37692],{"class":146}," extra",[69,37694,166],{"class":83},[20,37696,29749,37697,37699],{},[15,37698,36438],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[377,37701,37703,37705],{"id":37702},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37704,36438],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37707,37708],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37710,37711],{},"Example with a string:",[60,37713,37715],{"className":62,"code":37714,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37716,37717,37743],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,37718,37719,37721,37723,37725,37728,37730,37732,37734,37736,37739,37741],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,37720,1514],{"class":1053},[69,37722,36510],{"class":75},[69,37724,91],{"class":83},[69,37726,37727],{"class":75}," char ",[69,37729,1574],{"class":1053},[69,37731,36520],{"class":128},[69,37733,132],{"class":83},[69,37735,871],{"class":699},[69,37737,37738],{"class":703},"cat",[69,37740,871],{"class":699},[69,37742,1048],{"class":83},[69,37744,37745,37747,37749,37751,37753,37756],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,37746,8756],{"class":128},[69,37748,132],{"class":83},[69,37750,36535],{"class":146},[69,37752,91],{"class":83},[69,37754,37755],{"class":146}," char",[69,37757,166],{"class":83},[20,37759,321],{},[60,37761,37763],{"className":62,"code":37762,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37764,37765,37771,37777],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,37766,37767,37769],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,37768,1226],{"class":87},[69,37770,36879],{"class":75},[69,37772,37773,37775],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,37774,88],{"class":87},[69,37776,36865],{"class":75},[69,37778,37779,37781],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,37780,1155],{"class":87},[69,37782,37783],{"class":75}," t\n",[20,37785,37786,37787,537],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[533,37788,536],{"href":535},[377,37790,37792],{"id":37791},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37794,37795,37796,537],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37797,36438],{},[20,37799,37800,37801,37803],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37802,1514],{}," loop:",[60,37805,37807],{"className":62,"code":37806,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37808,37809,37841,37845,37857],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,37810,37811,37813,37815,37817,37819,37821,37823,37825,37827,37829,37831,37833,37835,37837,37839],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,37812,13768],{"class":75},[69,37814,80],{"class":79},[69,37816,84],{"class":83},[69,37818,871],{"class":699},[69,37820,13785],{"class":703},[69,37822,871],{"class":699},[69,37824,91],{"class":83},[69,37826,881],{"class":699},[69,37828,18145],{"class":703},[69,37830,871],{"class":699},[69,37832,91],{"class":83},[69,37834,881],{"class":699},[69,37836,13802],{"class":703},[69,37838,871],{"class":699},[69,37840,117],{"class":83},[69,37842,37843],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,37844,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,37846,37847,37849,37851,37853,37855],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,37848,1514],{"class":1053},[69,37850,36515],{"class":75},[69,37852,1574],{"class":1053},[69,37854,13816],{"class":75},[69,37856,1579],{"class":83},[69,37858,37859,37861,37863,37865],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,37860,8756],{"class":128},[69,37862,132],{"class":83},[69,37864,33581],{"class":146},[69,37866,166],{"class":83},[20,37868,37869],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[55,37871,1771],{"id":1770},[20,37873,37874],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[29,37876,37877,37882,37888,37893],{},[32,37878,23789,37879,37881],{},[15,37880,36438],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[32,37883,37884,37885,37887],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37886,1226],{}," by default",[32,37889,840,37890,37892],{},[15,37891,36438],{}," when only values are needed",[32,37894,2309,37895,843,37897],{},[15,37896,36438],{},[15,37898,36888],{},[20,37900,37901],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[60,37903,37905],{"className":62,"code":37904,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37906,37907,37929,37955,37989,38022],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,37908,37909,37911,37913,37915,37917,37919,37921,37923,37925,37927],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,37910,172],{"class":128},[69,37912,132],{"class":83},[69,37914,36732],{"class":128},[69,37916,3710],{"class":83},[69,37918,444],{"class":87},[69,37920,91],{"class":83},[69,37922,454],{"class":87},[69,37924,91],{"class":83},[69,37926,8482],{"class":87},[69,37928,2201],{"class":83},[69,37930,37931,37933,37935,37937,37939,37941,37943,37945,37947,37949,37951,37953],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,37932,172],{"class":128},[69,37934,132],{"class":83},[69,37936,178],{"class":177},[69,37938,132],{"class":83},[69,37940,36732],{"class":128},[69,37942,3710],{"class":83},[69,37944,444],{"class":87},[69,37946,91],{"class":83},[69,37948,454],{"class":87},[69,37950,91],{"class":83},[69,37952,8482],{"class":87},[69,37954,2305],{"class":83},[69,37956,37957,37959,37961,37963,37965,37967,37969,37971,37973,37975,37977,37979,37981,37983,37985,37987],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,37958,172],{"class":128},[69,37960,132],{"class":83},[69,37962,178],{"class":177},[69,37964,132],{"class":83},[69,37966,36732],{"class":128},[69,37968,3710],{"class":83},[69,37970,444],{"class":87},[69,37972,91],{"class":83},[69,37974,454],{"class":87},[69,37976,91],{"class":83},[69,37978,8482],{"class":87},[69,37980,18752],{"class":83},[69,37982,36741],{"class":9862},[69,37984,80],{"class":79},[69,37986,88],{"class":87},[69,37988,2019],{"class":83},[69,37990,37991,37993,37995,37997,37999,38001,38003,38005,38007,38009,38011,38013,38015,38017,38019],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,37992,1514],{"class":1053},[69,37994,36819],{"class":75},[69,37996,91],{"class":83},[69,37998,22274],{"class":75},[69,38000,1574],{"class":1053},[69,38002,36520],{"class":128},[69,38004,3710],{"class":83},[69,38006,706],{"class":699},[69,38008,533],{"class":703},[69,38010,706],{"class":699},[69,38012,91],{"class":83},[69,38014,700],{"class":699},[69,38016,5465],{"class":703},[69,38018,706],{"class":699},[69,38020,38021],{"class":83},"]):\n",[69,38023,38024,38026,38028,38030,38032,38034],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,38025,8756],{"class":128},[69,38027,132],{"class":83},[69,38029,36844],{"class":146},[69,38031,91],{"class":83},[69,38033,9119],{"class":146},[69,38035,166],{"class":83},[20,38037,17648],{},[60,38039,38041],{"className":62,"code":38040,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,38042,38043,38061,38093,38125,38131],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,38044,38045,38047,38049,38051,38053,38057,38059],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,38046,674],{"class":79},[69,38048,36732],{"class":128},[69,38050,679],{"class":177},[69,38052,682],{"class":75},[69,38054,38056],{"class":38055},"srjyR","0x",[69,38058,686],{"class":685},[69,38060,689],{"class":79},[69,38062,38063,38065,38067,38069,38071,38073,38075,38077,38079,38081,38083,38085,38087,38089,38091],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,38064,22430],{"class":83},[69,38066,1226],{"class":87},[69,38068,91],{"class":83},[69,38070,6701],{"class":87},[69,38072,9920],{"class":83},[69,38074,441],{"class":83},[69,38076,88],{"class":87},[69,38078,91],{"class":83},[69,38080,454],{"class":87},[69,38082,9920],{"class":83},[69,38084,441],{"class":83},[69,38086,1155],{"class":87},[69,38088,91],{"class":83},[69,38090,8482],{"class":87},[69,38092,9935],{"class":83},[69,38094,38095,38097,38099,38101,38103,38105,38107,38109,38111,38113,38115,38117,38119,38121,38123],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,38096,22430],{"class":83},[69,38098,88],{"class":87},[69,38100,91],{"class":83},[69,38102,6701],{"class":87},[69,38104,9920],{"class":83},[69,38106,441],{"class":83},[69,38108,1155],{"class":87},[69,38110,91],{"class":83},[69,38112,454],{"class":87},[69,38114,9920],{"class":83},[69,38116,441],{"class":83},[69,38118,346],{"class":87},[69,38120,91],{"class":83},[69,38122,8482],{"class":87},[69,38124,9935],{"class":83},[69,38126,38127,38129],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,38128,1226],{"class":87},[69,38130,36865],{"class":75},[69,38132,38133,38135],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,38134,88],{"class":87},[69,38136,36872],{"class":75},[55,38138,2519],{"id":2518},[377,38140,2561,38142,5846],{"id":38141},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,38143,36438],{},[20,38145,38146],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[377,38148,2523,38150,38152],{"id":38149},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,38151,36438],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,38154,38155,38156,38158,38159,38162],{},"It starts at ",[15,38157,1226],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,38160,38161],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[377,38164,2580,38166,11780,38168,3218],{"id":38165},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,38167,36438],{},[15,38169,38170],{},"range(len(list))",[20,38172,37283,38173,38175],{},[15,38174,36438],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[377,38177,5871,38179,38181],{"id":38178},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,38180,36438],{}," be used with strings?",[20,38183,38184,38185,38187],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,38186,36438],{}," can return each character with its index.",[55,38189,2620],{"id":2619},[29,38191,38192,38196,38202,38209],{},[32,38193,38194],{},[533,38195,36718],{"href":36717},[32,38197,38198],{},[533,38199,13,38200,2515],{"href":36885},[15,38201,36888],{},[32,38203,38204],{},[533,38205,38206,38207,37299],{"href":37295},"How to use ",[15,38208,36438],{},[32,38210,38211],{},[533,38212,2648],{"href":535},[2650,38214,38215],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":38217},[38218,38219,38221,38222,38224,38226,38228,38235,38236,38246],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":36578,"depth":120,"text":38220},"What enumerate() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":36891,"depth":120,"text":38223},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":37106,"depth":120,"text":38225},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":37302,"depth":120,"text":38227},"Using the start argument",{"id":26044,"depth":120,"text":26045,"children":38229},[38230,38231,38232,38234],{"id":37442,"depth":169,"text":37443},{"id":37538,"depth":169,"text":37539},{"id":37702,"depth":169,"text":38233},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37791,"depth":169,"text":37792},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":38237},[38238,38240,38242,38244],{"id":38141,"depth":169,"text":38239},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":38149,"depth":169,"text":38241},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":38165,"depth":169,"text":38243},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":38178,"depth":169,"text":38245},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner 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float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40562,"toc":42668},[40563,40566,40571,40577,40579,40631,40633,40652,40657,40661,40666,40669,40684,40687,40709,40711,40760,40762,40786,40788,40790,40805,40810,40818,40833,40835,40844,40847,40882,40886,40891,40895,40902,40937,40939,40955,40959,40962,41003,41005,41019,41023,41026,41050,41052,41061,41065,41068,41101,41103,41116,41120,41126,41145,41147,41155,41159,41164,41168,41174,41197,41199,41228,41231,41250,41254,41257,41284,41286,41320,41324,41327,41351,41355,41366,41368,41373,41379,41381,41465,41467,41509,41512,41516,41523,41532,41588,41595,41604,41609,41613,41684,41686,41695,41699,41702,41746,41748,41757,41761,41767,41817,41821,41826,41830,41854,41856,41865,41869,41893,41895,41906,41910,41934,41936,41945,41948,41965,41971,41975,41981,41984,41989,41992,42013,42015,42047,42050,42055,42057,42068,42070,42114,42118,42125,42177,42179,42188,42192,42195,42288,42291,42315,42319,42322,42414,42419,42423,42430,42435,42459,42461,42470,42475,42498,42500,42508,42515,42538,42546,42548,42561,42571,42573,42577,42584,42588,42597,42601,42608,42612,42616,42620,42633,42635,42665],[10,40564,40560],{"id":40565},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40567,9809,40568,40570],{},[15,40569,3609],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40572,40573,40574,40576],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40575,3609],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[55,40578,58],{"id":57},[60,40580,40582],{"className":62,"code":40581,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40583,40584,40598,40617],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40585,40586,40588,40590,40592,40594,40596],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40587,172],{"class":128},[69,40589,132],{"class":83},[69,40591,2923],{"class":177},[69,40593,132],{"class":83},[69,40595,2866],{"class":87},[69,40597,318],{"class":83},[69,40599,40600,40602,40604,40606,40608,40610,40613,40615],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,40601,172],{"class":128},[69,40603,132],{"class":83},[69,40605,2923],{"class":177},[69,40607,132],{"class":83},[69,40609,871],{"class":699},[69,40611,40612],{"class":703},"3.14",[69,40614,871],{"class":699},[69,40616,318],{"class":83},[69,40618,40619,40621,40623,40625,40627,40629],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,40620,172],{"class":128},[69,40622,132],{"class":83},[69,40624,2923],{"class":177},[69,40626,132],{"class":83},[69,40628,224],{"class":1203},[69,40630,318],{"class":83},[20,40632,321],{},[60,40634,40636],{"className":62,"code":40635,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40637,40638,40642,40647],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40639,40640],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40641,3205],{"class":87},[69,40643,40644],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,40645,40646],{"class":87},"3.14\n",[69,40648,40649],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,40650,40651],{"class":87},"1.0\n",[20,40653,1378,40654,40656],{},[15,40655,3609],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[55,40658,40660],{"id":40659},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40662,40663,40665],{},[15,40664,3609],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40667,40668],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[29,40670,40671,40675,40679],{},[32,40672,40673],{},[15,40674,3217],{},[32,40676,40677],{},[15,40678,40612],{},[32,40680,40681],{},[15,40682,40683],{},"0.5",[20,40685,40686],{},"A few key points:",[29,40688,40689,40696,40699,40702],{},[32,40690,40691,40693,40694],{},[15,40692,3609],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40695,2923],{},[32,40697,40698],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[32,40700,40701],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[32,40703,40704,40705],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[533,40706,40707],{"href":8906},[15,40708,3682],{},[20,40710,234],{},[60,40712,40714],{"className":62,"code":40713,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40715,40716,40736,40746],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40717,40718,40720,40722,40725,40727,40729,40732,40734],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40719,1700],{"class":75},[69,40721,80],{"class":79},[69,40723,40724],{"class":177}," float",[69,40726,132],{"class":83},[69,40728,871],{"class":699},[69,40730,40731],{"class":703},"2.75",[69,40733,871],{"class":699},[69,40735,166],{"class":83},[69,40737,40738,40740,40742,40744],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,40739,172],{"class":128},[69,40741,132],{"class":83},[69,40743,1045],{"class":146},[69,40745,166],{"class":83},[69,40747,40748,40750,40752,40754,40756,40758],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,40749,172],{"class":128},[69,40751,132],{"class":83},[69,40753,641],{"class":177},[69,40755,132],{"class":83},[69,40757,1045],{"class":146},[69,40759,318],{"class":83},[20,40761,321],{},[60,40763,40765],{"className":62,"code":40764,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40766,40767,40772],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40768,40769],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40770,40771],{"class":87},"2.75\n",[69,40773,40774,40776,40778,40780,40782,40784],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,40775,674],{"class":79},[69,40777,696],{"class":135},[69,40779,700],{"class":699},[69,40781,2923],{"class":703},[69,40783,706],{"class":699},[69,40785,689],{"class":79},[55,40787,2888],{"id":2887},[20,40789,7906],{},[60,40791,40793],{"className":62,"code":40792,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"float(value)\n",[15,40794,40795],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40796,40797,40799,40801,40803],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40798,2923],{"class":177},[69,40800,132],{"class":83},[69,40802,3198],{"class":146},[69,40804,166],{"class":83},[20,40806,40807,40808,537],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40809,3609],{},[20,40811,40812,40813,40815,40816,143],{},"If you call ",[15,40814,3609],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40817,4483],{},[60,40819,40821],{"className":62,"code":40820,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float())\n",[15,40822,40823],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40824,40825,40827,40829,40831],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40826,172],{"class":128},[69,40828,132],{"class":83},[69,40830,2923],{"class":177},[69,40832,7882],{"class":83},[20,40834,321],{},[60,40836,40838],{"className":62,"code":40837,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"0.0\n",[15,40839,40840],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40841,40842],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40843,40837],{"class":87},[20,40845,40846],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[60,40848,40850],{"className":62,"code":40849,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40851,40852,40872],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40853,40854,40857,40859,40861,40863,40865,40868,40870],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40855,40856],{"class":75},"price ",[69,40858,80],{"class":79},[69,40860,40724],{"class":177},[69,40862,132],{"class":83},[69,40864,871],{"class":699},[69,40866,40867],{"class":703},"19.99",[69,40869,871],{"class":699},[69,40871,166],{"class":83},[69,40873,40874,40876,40878,40880],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,40875,172],{"class":128},[69,40877,132],{"class":83},[69,40879,25837],{"class":146},[69,40881,166],{"class":83},[55,40883,40885],{"id":40884},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40887,40888,40890],{},[15,40889,3609],{}," can convert several common value types.",[377,40892,40894],{"id":40893},"integers","Integers",[20,40896,40897,40898,40901],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40899,40900],{},".0"," added:",[60,40903,40905],{"className":62,"code":40904,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40906,40907,40921],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40908,40909,40911,40913,40915,40917,40919],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40910,172],{"class":128},[69,40912,132],{"class":83},[69,40914,2923],{"class":177},[69,40916,132],{"class":83},[69,40918,2866],{"class":87},[69,40920,318],{"class":83},[69,40922,40923,40925,40927,40929,40931,40933,40935],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,40924,172],{"class":128},[69,40926,132],{"class":83},[69,40928,2923],{"class":177},[69,40930,132],{"class":83},[69,40932,1972],{"class":79},[69,40934,1155],{"class":87},[69,40936,318],{"class":83},[20,40938,321],{},[60,40940,40942],{"className":62,"code":40941,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40943,40944,40948],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40945,40946],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40947,3205],{"class":87},[69,40949,40950,40952],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,40951,1972],{"class":79},[69,40953,40954],{"class":87},"2.0\n",[377,40956,40958],{"id":40957},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40960,40961],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[60,40963,40965],{"className":62,"code":40964,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40966,40967,40985],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,40968,40969,40971,40973,40975,40977,40979,40981,40983],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,40970,172],{"class":128},[69,40972,132],{"class":83},[69,40974,2923],{"class":177},[69,40976,132],{"class":83},[69,40978,871],{"class":699},[69,40980,40612],{"class":703},[69,40982,871],{"class":699},[69,40984,318],{"class":83},[69,40986,40987,40989,40991,40993,40995,40997,40999,41001],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,40988,172],{"class":128},[69,40990,132],{"class":83},[69,40992,2923],{"class":177},[69,40994,132],{"class":83},[69,40996,871],{"class":699},[69,40998,444],{"class":703},[69,41000,871],{"class":699},[69,41002,318],{"class":83},[20,41004,321],{},[60,41006,41008],{"className":62,"code":41007,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,41009,41010,41014],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41011,41012],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41013,40646],{"class":87},[69,41015,41016],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,41017,41018],{"class":87},"10.0\n",[377,41020,41022],{"id":41021},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,41024,41025],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[60,41027,41029],{"className":62,"code":41028,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,41030,41031],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41032,41033,41035,41037,41039,41041,41043,41046,41048],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41034,172],{"class":128},[69,41036,132],{"class":83},[69,41038,2923],{"class":177},[69,41040,132],{"class":83},[69,41042,871],{"class":699},[69,41044,41045],{"class":703},"  8.5  ",[69,41047,871],{"class":699},[69,41049,318],{"class":83},[20,41051,321],{},[60,41053,41055],{"className":62,"code":41054,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"8.5\n",[15,41056,41057],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41058,41059],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41060,41054],{"class":87},[377,41062,41064],{"id":41063},"booleans","Booleans",[20,41066,41067],{},"Boolean values also work:",[60,41069,41071],{"className":62,"code":41070,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,41072,41073,41087],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41074,41075,41077,41079,41081,41083,41085],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41076,172],{"class":128},[69,41078,132],{"class":83},[69,41080,2923],{"class":177},[69,41082,132],{"class":83},[69,41084,224],{"class":1203},[69,41086,318],{"class":83},[69,41088,41089,41091,41093,41095,41097,41099],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,41090,172],{"class":128},[69,41092,132],{"class":83},[69,41094,2923],{"class":177},[69,41096,132],{"class":83},[69,41098,230],{"class":1203},[69,41100,318],{"class":83},[20,41102,321],{},[60,41104,41106],{"className":62,"code":41105,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,41107,41108,41112],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41109,41110],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41111,40651],{"class":87},[69,41113,41114],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,41115,40837],{"class":87},[377,41117,41119],{"id":41118},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,41121,41122,41123,41125],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,41124,3609],{}," returns a float version of it:",[60,41127,41129],{"className":62,"code":41128,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,41130,41131],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41132,41133,41135,41137,41139,41141,41143],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41134,172],{"class":128},[69,41136,132],{"class":83},[69,41138,2923],{"class":177},[69,41140,132],{"class":83},[69,41142,3089],{"class":87},[69,41144,318],{"class":83},[20,41146,321],{},[60,41148,41149],{"className":62,"code":3113,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,41150,41151],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41152,41153],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41154,3113],{"class":87},[55,41156,41158],{"id":41157},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,41160,41161,41162,537],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,41163,3609],{},[377,41165,41167],{"id":41166},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,41169,41170,41171,143],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,41172,41173],{},"ValueError",[60,41175,41177],{"className":62,"code":41176,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,41178,41179],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41180,41181,41183,41185,41187,41189,41191,41193,41195],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41182,172],{"class":128},[69,41184,132],{"class":83},[69,41186,2923],{"class":177},[69,41188,132],{"class":83},[69,41190,871],{"class":699},[69,41192,1275],{"class":703},[69,41194,871],{"class":699},[69,41196,318],{"class":83},[20,41198,30369],{},[60,41200,41202],{"className":62,"code":41201,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,41203,41204],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41205,41206,41208,41210,41213,41215,41218,41220,41222,41224,41226],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41207,41173],{"class":177},[69,41209,143],{"class":83},[69,41211,41212],{"class":75}," could ",[69,41214,5334],{"class":79},[69,41216,41217],{"class":75}," convert string to ",[69,41219,2923],{"class":177},[69,41221,143],{"class":83},[69,41223,700],{"class":699},[69,41225,1275],{"class":703},[69,41227,30388],{"class":699},[20,41229,41230],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[60,41232,41234],{"className":62,"code":41233,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,41235,41236],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41237,41238,41240,41242,41244,41246,41248],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41239,172],{"class":128},[69,41241,132],{"class":83},[69,41243,2923],{"class":177},[69,41245,132],{"class":83},[69,41247,6967],{"class":699},[69,41249,318],{"class":83},[377,41251,41253],{"id":41252},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,41255,41256],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[60,41258,41260],{"className":62,"code":41259,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,41261,41262],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41263,41264,41266,41268,41270,41272,41274,41276,41278,41280,41282],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41265,172],{"class":128},[69,41267,132],{"class":83},[69,41269,2923],{"class":177},[69,41271,3710],{"class":83},[69,41273,88],{"class":87},[69,41275,91],{"class":83},[69,41277,94],{"class":87},[69,41279,91],{"class":83},[69,41281,99],{"class":87},[69,41283,2201],{"class":83},[20,41285,30369],{},[60,41287,41289],{"className":62,"code":41288,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,41290,41291],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41292,41293,41295,41297,41299,41301,41304,41307,41310,41312,41314,41316,41318],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41294,3728],{"class":177},[69,41296,143],{"class":83},[69,41298,40724],{"class":177},[69,41300,8053],{"class":83},[69,41302,41303],{"class":75}," argument must be a string ",[69,41305,41306],{"class":79},"or",[69,41308,41309],{"class":75}," a real number",[69,41311,91],{"class":83},[69,41313,8786],{"class":79},[69,41315,700],{"class":699},[69,41317,178],{"class":703},[69,41319,30388],{"class":699},[377,41321,41323],{"id":41322},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,41325,41326],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[60,41328,41330],{"className":62,"code":41329,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,41331,41332],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41333,41334,41336,41338,41340,41342,41344,41347,41349],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41335,172],{"class":128},[69,41337,132],{"class":83},[69,41339,2923],{"class":177},[69,41341,132],{"class":83},[69,41343,871],{"class":699},[69,41345,41346],{"class":703},"3,14",[69,41348,871],{"class":699},[69,41350,318],{"class":83},[20,41352,3725,41353,537],{},[15,41354,41173],{},[20,41356,41357,41358,5096,41362,537],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[533,41359,41361],{"href":41360},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[533,41363,41365],{"href":41364},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[55,41367,18108],{"id":18107},[20,41369,41370,41372],{},[15,41371,3609],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,41374,41375,41376,41378],{},"It does ",[42,41377,5334],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,41380,234],{},[60,41382,41384],{"className":62,"code":41383,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,41385,41386,41399,41413,41417,41427,41437,41451],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41387,41388,41390,41392,41394,41397],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41389,35378],{"class":75},[69,41391,80],{"class":79},[69,41393,881],{"class":699},[69,41395,41396],{"class":703},"6.5",[69,41398,4079],{"class":699},[69,41400,41401,41403,41405,41407,41409,41411],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,41402,1700],{"class":75},[69,41404,80],{"class":79},[69,41406,40724],{"class":177},[69,41408,132],{"class":83},[69,41410,35399],{"class":146},[69,41412,166],{"class":83},[69,41414,41415],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,41416,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,41418,41419,41421,41423,41425],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,41420,172],{"class":128},[69,41422,132],{"class":83},[69,41424,35399],{"class":146},[69,41426,166],{"class":83},[69,41428,41429,41431,41433,41435],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,41430,172],{"class":128},[69,41432,132],{"class":83},[69,41434,1045],{"class":146},[69,41436,166],{"class":83},[69,41438,41439,41441,41443,41445,41447,41449],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,41440,172],{"class":128},[69,41442,132],{"class":83},[69,41444,641],{"class":177},[69,41446,132],{"class":83},[69,41448,35399],{"class":146},[69,41450,318],{"class":83},[69,41452,41453,41455,41457,41459,41461,41463],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,41454,172],{"class":128},[69,41456,132],{"class":83},[69,41458,641],{"class":177},[69,41460,132],{"class":83},[69,41462,1045],{"class":146},[69,41464,318],{"class":83},[20,41466,321],{},[60,41468,41470],{"className":62,"code":41469,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41471,41472,41477,41481,41495],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41473,41474],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41475,41476],{"class":87},"6.5\n",[69,41478,41479],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,41480,41476],{"class":87},[69,41482,41483,41485,41487,41489,41491,41493],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,41484,674],{"class":79},[69,41486,696],{"class":135},[69,41488,700],{"class":699},[69,41490,4164],{"class":703},[69,41492,706],{"class":699},[69,41494,689],{"class":79},[69,41496,41497,41499,41501,41503,41505,41507],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,41498,674],{"class":79},[69,41500,696],{"class":135},[69,41502,700],{"class":699},[69,41504,2923],{"class":703},[69,41506,706],{"class":699},[69,41508,689],{"class":79},[20,41510,41511],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[55,41513,41515],{"id":41514},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[377,41517,41519,41520,41522],{"id":41518},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41521,3682],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41524,2714,41525,41529,41530,537],{},[533,41526,41527,3030],{"href":8906},[15,41528,3682],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41531,3609],{},[60,41533,41535],{"className":62,"code":41534,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41536,41537,41556,41570,41574],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41538,41539,41541,41543,41545,41547,41549,41552,41554],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41540,8924],{"class":75},[69,41542,80],{"class":79},[69,41544,8929],{"class":128},[69,41546,132],{"class":83},[69,41548,871],{"class":699},[69,41550,41551],{"class":703},"Enter a price: ",[69,41553,871],{"class":699},[69,41555,166],{"class":83},[69,41557,41558,41560,41562,41564,41566,41568],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,41559,40856],{"class":75},[69,41561,80],{"class":79},[69,41563,40724],{"class":177},[69,41565,132],{"class":83},[69,41567,8953],{"class":146},[69,41569,166],{"class":83},[69,41571,41572],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,41573,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,41575,41576,41578,41580,41582,41584,41586],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,41577,172],{"class":128},[69,41579,132],{"class":83},[69,41581,40856],{"class":146},[69,41583,2470],{"class":79},[69,41585,94],{"class":87},[69,41587,166],{"class":83},[20,41589,41590,41591,41594],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41592,41593],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[60,41596,41598],{"className":62,"code":41597,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"9.0\n",[15,41599,41600],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41601,41602],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41603,41597],{"class":87},[20,41605,41606,41607,537],{},"For more help with this, see ",[533,41608,9667],{"href":9666},[377,41610,41612],{"id":41611},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[60,41614,41616],{"className":62,"code":41615,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41617,41618,41631,41644,41648,41673],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41619,41620,41622,41624,41626,41629],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41621,3280],{"class":75},[69,41623,80],{"class":79},[69,41625,881],{"class":699},[69,41627,41628],{"class":703},"2.5",[69,41630,4079],{"class":699},[69,41632,41633,41635,41637,41639,41642],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,41634,3308],{"class":75},[69,41636,80],{"class":79},[69,41638,881],{"class":699},[69,41640,41641],{"class":703},"1.5",[69,41643,4079],{"class":699},[69,41645,41646],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,41647,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,41649,41650,41653,41655,41657,41659,41661,41663,41665,41667,41669,41671],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,41651,41652],{"class":75},"total ",[69,41654,80],{"class":79},[69,41656,40724],{"class":177},[69,41658,132],{"class":83},[69,41660,533],{"class":146},[69,41662,938],{"class":83},[69,41664,3180],{"class":79},[69,41666,40724],{"class":177},[69,41668,132],{"class":83},[69,41670,5465],{"class":146},[69,41672,166],{"class":83},[69,41674,41675,41677,41679,41682],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,41676,172],{"class":128},[69,41678,132],{"class":83},[69,41680,41681],{"class":146},"total",[69,41683,166],{"class":83},[20,41685,321],{},[60,41687,41689],{"className":62,"code":41688,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"4.0\n",[15,41690,41691],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41692,41693],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41694,41688],{"class":87},[377,41696,41698],{"id":41697},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41700,41701],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[60,41703,41705],{"className":62,"code":41704,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41706,41707,41717,41732,41736],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41708,41709,41712,41714],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41710,41711],{"class":75},"count ",[69,41713,80],{"class":79},[69,41715,41716],{"class":87}," 7\n",[69,41718,41719,41721,41723,41725,41727,41730],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,41720,123],{"class":75},[69,41722,80],{"class":79},[69,41724,40724],{"class":177},[69,41726,132],{"class":83},[69,41728,41729],{"class":146},"count",[69,41731,166],{"class":83},[69,41733,41734],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,41735,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,41737,41738,41740,41742,41744],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,41739,172],{"class":128},[69,41741,132],{"class":83},[69,41743,183],{"class":146},[69,41745,166],{"class":83},[20,41747,321],{},[60,41749,41751],{"className":62,"code":41750,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"7.0\n",[15,41752,41753],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41754,41755],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41756,41750],{"class":87},[377,41758,41760],{"id":41759},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41762,41763,41764,41766],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41765,3609],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[60,41768,41770],{"className":62,"code":41769,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41771,41772,41786,41802,41806],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41773,41774,41777,41779,41781,41784],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41775,41776],{"class":75},"temperature_text ",[69,41778,80],{"class":79},[69,41780,881],{"class":699},[69,41782,41783],{"class":703},"21.8",[69,41785,4079],{"class":699},[69,41787,41788,41791,41793,41795,41797,41800],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,41789,41790],{"class":75},"temperature ",[69,41792,80],{"class":79},[69,41794,40724],{"class":177},[69,41796,132],{"class":83},[69,41798,41799],{"class":146},"temperature_text",[69,41801,166],{"class":83},[69,41803,41804],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,41805,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,41807,41808,41810,41812,41815],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,41809,172],{"class":128},[69,41811,132],{"class":83},[69,41813,41814],{"class":146},"temperature",[69,41816,166],{"class":83},[55,41818,41820],{"id":41819},"special-values","Special values",[20,41822,41823,41825],{},[15,41824,3609],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[377,41827,41829],{"id":41828},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[60,41831,41833],{"className":62,"code":41832,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41834,41835],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41836,41837,41839,41841,41843,41845,41847,41850,41852],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41838,172],{"class":128},[69,41840,132],{"class":83},[69,41842,2923],{"class":177},[69,41844,132],{"class":83},[69,41846,871],{"class":699},[69,41848,41849],{"class":703},"inf",[69,41851,871],{"class":699},[69,41853,318],{"class":83},[20,41855,321],{},[60,41857,41859],{"className":62,"code":41858,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"inf\n",[15,41860,41861],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41862,41863],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41864,41858],{"class":75},[377,41866,41868],{"id":41867},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[60,41870,41872],{"className":62,"code":41871,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41873,41874],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41875,41876,41878,41880,41882,41884,41886,41889,41891],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41877,172],{"class":128},[69,41879,132],{"class":83},[69,41881,2923],{"class":177},[69,41883,132],{"class":83},[69,41885,871],{"class":699},[69,41887,41888],{"class":703},"-inf",[69,41890,871],{"class":699},[69,41892,318],{"class":83},[20,41894,321],{},[60,41896,41898],{"className":62,"code":41897,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"-inf\n",[15,41899,41900],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41901,41902,41904],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41903,1972],{"class":79},[69,41905,41858],{"class":75},[377,41907,41909],{"id":41908},"not-a-number","Not a number",[60,41911,41913],{"className":62,"code":41912,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41914,41915],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41916,41917,41919,41921,41923,41925,41927,41930,41932],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41918,172],{"class":128},[69,41920,132],{"class":83},[69,41922,2923],{"class":177},[69,41924,132],{"class":83},[69,41926,871],{"class":699},[69,41928,41929],{"class":703},"nan",[69,41931,871],{"class":699},[69,41933,318],{"class":83},[20,41935,321],{},[60,41937,41939],{"className":62,"code":41938,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"nan\n",[15,41940,41941],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,41942,41943],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,41944,41938],{"class":75},[20,41946,41947],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[29,41949,41950,41955,41960],{},[32,41951,41952,41954],{},[15,41953,41849],{}," means positive infinity",[32,41956,41957,41959],{},[15,41958,41888],{}," means negative infinity",[32,41961,41962,41964],{},[15,41963,41929],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41966,41967,41968,41970],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41969,3609],{}," accepts them.",[55,41972,41974],{"id":41973},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41976,41977,41978,41980],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41979,3609],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[377,41982,41173],{"id":41983},"valueerror",[20,41985,848,41986,41988],{},[15,41987,41173],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41990,41991],{},"Common causes:",[29,41993,41994,42000,42003,42006],{},[32,41995,41996,41997],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41998,41999],{},"\"abc\"",[32,42001,42002],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[32,42004,42005],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[32,42007,5408,42008],{},[533,42009,42010,42012],{"href":8906},[15,42011,3682],{}," returns a string",[20,42014,234],{},[60,42016,42018],{"className":62,"code":42017,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,42019,42020,42033],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42021,42022,42024,42026,42028,42031],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42023,3173],{"class":75},[69,42025,80],{"class":79},[69,42027,881],{"class":699},[69,42029,42030],{"class":703},"abc",[69,42032,4079],{"class":699},[69,42034,42035,42037,42039,42041,42043,42045],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,42036,172],{"class":128},[69,42038,132],{"class":83},[69,42040,2923],{"class":177},[69,42042,132],{"class":83},[69,42044,3198],{"class":146},[69,42046,318],{"class":83},[377,42048,3728],{"id":42049},"typeerror",[20,42051,848,42052,42054],{},[15,42053,3728],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,42056,41991],{},[29,42058,42059,42062,42065],{},[32,42060,42061],{},"Passing a list",[32,42063,42064],{},"Passing a dictionary",[32,42066,42067],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,42069,234],{},[60,42071,42073],{"className":62,"code":42072,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,42074,42075,42100],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42076,42077,42079,42081,42083,42085,42087,42089,42091,42093,42096,42098],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42078,3173],{"class":75},[69,42080,80],{"class":79},[69,42082,11177],{"class":83},[69,42084,871],{"class":699},[69,42086,25837],{"class":703},[69,42088,871],{"class":699},[69,42090,143],{"class":83},[69,42092,881],{"class":699},[69,42094,42095],{"class":703},"9.99",[69,42097,871],{"class":699},[69,42099,9994],{"class":83},[69,42101,42102,42104,42106,42108,42110,42112],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,42103,172],{"class":128},[69,42105,132],{"class":83},[69,42107,2923],{"class":177},[69,42109,132],{"class":83},[69,42111,3198],{"class":146},[69,42113,318],{"class":83},[377,42115,42117],{"id":42116},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,42119,42120,42121,42124],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,42122,42123],{},"strip()"," can help:",[60,42126,42128],{"className":62,"code":42127,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,42129,42130,42143,42158,42162],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42131,42132,42134,42136,42138,42141],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42133,3173],{"class":75},[69,42135,80],{"class":79},[69,42137,881],{"class":699},[69,42139,42140],{"class":703},"  7.25  ",[69,42142,4079],{"class":699},[69,42144,42145,42148,42150,42152,42154,42156],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,42146,42147],{"class":75},"clean_value ",[69,42149,80],{"class":79},[69,42151,9119],{"class":75},[69,42153,537],{"class":83},[69,42155,9320],{"class":146},[69,42157,9329],{"class":83},[69,42159,42160],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,42161,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,42163,42164,42166,42168,42170,42172,42175],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,42165,172],{"class":128},[69,42167,132],{"class":83},[69,42169,2923],{"class":177},[69,42171,132],{"class":83},[69,42173,42174],{"class":146},"clean_value",[69,42176,318],{"class":83},[20,42178,321],{},[60,42180,42182],{"className":62,"code":42181,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"7.25\n",[15,42183,42184],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42185,42186],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42187,42181],{"class":87},[377,42189,42191],{"id":42190},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,42193,42194],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[60,42196,42198],{"className":62,"code":42197,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,42199,42200,42213,42217,42227,42241,42256,42260,42274],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42201,42202,42204,42206,42208,42211],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42203,3173],{"class":75},[69,42205,80],{"class":79},[69,42207,881],{"class":699},[69,42209,42210],{"class":703}," 3.5 ",[69,42212,4079],{"class":699},[69,42214,42215],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,42216,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,42218,42219,42221,42223,42225],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,42220,172],{"class":128},[69,42222,132],{"class":83},[69,42224,3198],{"class":146},[69,42226,166],{"class":83},[69,42228,42229,42231,42233,42235,42237,42239],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,42230,172],{"class":128},[69,42232,132],{"class":83},[69,42234,641],{"class":177},[69,42236,132],{"class":83},[69,42238,3198],{"class":146},[69,42240,318],{"class":83},[69,42242,42243,42245,42247,42250,42252,42254],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,42244,172],{"class":128},[69,42246,132],{"class":83},[69,42248,42249],{"class":128},"repr",[69,42251,132],{"class":83},[69,42253,3198],{"class":146},[69,42255,318],{"class":83},[69,42257,42258],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,42259,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,42261,42262,42264,42266,42268,42270,42272],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,42263,42147],{"class":75},[69,42265,80],{"class":79},[69,42267,9119],{"class":75},[69,42269,537],{"class":83},[69,42271,9320],{"class":146},[69,42273,9329],{"class":83},[69,42275,42276,42278,42280,42282,42284,42286],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,42277,172],{"class":128},[69,42279,132],{"class":83},[69,42281,2923],{"class":177},[69,42283,132],{"class":83},[69,42285,42174],{"class":146},[69,42287,318],{"class":83},[20,42289,42290],{},"Why this helps:",[29,42292,42293,42299,42304,42310],{},[32,42294,42295,42298],{},[15,42296,42297],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[32,42300,42301,22058],{},[15,42302,42303],{},"print(type(value))",[32,42305,42306,42309],{},[15,42307,42308],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[32,42311,42312,42314],{},[15,42313,42123],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[377,42316,42318],{"id":42317},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,42320,42321],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[60,42323,42325],{"className":62,"code":42324,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,42326,42327,42346,42350,42356,42371,42390,42399],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42328,42329,42331,42333,42335,42337,42339,42342,42344],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42330,3173],{"class":75},[69,42332,80],{"class":79},[69,42334,8929],{"class":128},[69,42336,132],{"class":83},[69,42338,871],{"class":699},[69,42340,42341],{"class":703},"Enter a number: ",[69,42343,871],{"class":699},[69,42345,166],{"class":83},[69,42347,42348],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,42349,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,42351,42352,42354],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,42353,30492],{"class":1053},[69,42355,1579],{"class":83},[69,42357,42358,42361,42363,42365,42367,42369],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,42359,42360],{"class":75},"    number ",[69,42362,80],{"class":79},[69,42364,40724],{"class":177},[69,42366,132],{"class":83},[69,42368,3198],{"class":146},[69,42370,166],{"class":83},[69,42372,42373,42375,42377,42379,42382,42384,42386,42388],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,42374,8756],{"class":128},[69,42376,132],{"class":83},[69,42378,871],{"class":699},[69,42380,42381],{"class":703},"Converted:",[69,42383,871],{"class":699},[69,42385,91],{"class":83},[69,42387,2928],{"class":146},[69,42389,166],{"class":83},[69,42391,42392,42394,42397],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,42393,30523],{"class":1053},[69,42395,42396],{"class":177}," ValueError",[69,42398,1579],{"class":83},[69,42400,42401,42403,42405,42407,42410,42412],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,42402,8756],{"class":128},[69,42404,132],{"class":83},[69,42406,871],{"class":699},[69,42408,42409],{"class":703},"That is not a valid number.",[69,42411,871],{"class":699},[69,42413,166],{"class":83},[20,42415,42416,42417,537],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[533,42418,41365],{"href":41364},[55,42420,42422],{"id":42421},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,42424,11277,42425,5096,42427,42429],{},[15,42426,3609],{},[15,42428,3603],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,42431,42432,42434],{},[15,42433,3609],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[60,42436,42438],{"className":62,"code":42437,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42439,42440],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42441,42442,42444,42446,42448,42450,42452,42455,42457],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42443,172],{"class":128},[69,42445,132],{"class":83},[69,42447,2923],{"class":177},[69,42449,132],{"class":83},[69,42451,871],{"class":699},[69,42453,42454],{"class":703},"3.9",[69,42456,871],{"class":699},[69,42458,318],{"class":83},[20,42460,321],{},[60,42462,42464],{"className":62,"code":42463,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"3.9\n",[15,42465,42466],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42467,42468],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42469,42463],{"class":87},[20,42471,42472,42474],{},[15,42473,3603],{}," creates whole numbers:",[60,42476,42478],{"className":62,"code":42477,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42479,42480],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42481,42482,42484,42486,42488,42490,42492,42494,42496],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42483,172],{"class":128},[69,42485,132],{"class":83},[69,42487,2919],{"class":177},[69,42489,132],{"class":83},[69,42491,871],{"class":699},[69,42493,444],{"class":703},[69,42495,871],{"class":699},[69,42497,318],{"class":83},[20,42499,321],{},[60,42501,42502],{"className":62,"code":3103,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,42503,42504],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42505,42506],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42507,3103],{"class":87},[20,42509,42510,42511,42514],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42512,42513],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[60,42516,42518],{"className":62,"code":42517,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42519,42520],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42521,42522,42524,42526,42528,42530,42532,42534,42536],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42523,172],{"class":128},[69,42525,132],{"class":83},[69,42527,2919],{"class":177},[69,42529,132],{"class":83},[69,42531,871],{"class":699},[69,42533,42454],{"class":703},[69,42535,871],{"class":699},[69,42537,318],{"class":83},[20,42539,3725,42540,9287,42542,42545],{},[15,42541,41173],{},[15,42543,42544],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42547,11400],{},[29,42549,42550,42556],{},[32,42551,42552,42555],{},[15,42553,42554],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[32,42557,42558,42560],{},[15,42559,42513],{}," fails",[20,42562,42563,42564,42567,42568,42570],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[533,42565,42566],{"href":3600},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[533,42569,3146],{"href":3145}," helpful.",[55,42572,2519],{"id":2518},[377,42574,42576],{"id":42575},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42578,42579,42580,394,42582,537],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42581,3217],{},[15,42583,40612],{},[377,42585,42587],{"id":42586},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42589,42590,42591,394,42594,537],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42592,42593],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42595,42596],{},"\"10\"",[377,42598,42600],{"id":42599},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42602,29749,42603,42605,42606,537],{},[15,42604,41999],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42607,41173],{},[377,42609,42611],{"id":42610},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42613,5849,42614,537],{},[15,42615,4483],{},[377,42617,42619],{"id":42618},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42621,42622,42623,42625,42626,5096,42629,42625,42631,537],{},"Yes. ",[15,42624,224],{}," becomes ",[15,42627,42628],{},"1.0",[15,42630,230],{},[15,42632,4483],{},[55,42634,2620],{"id":2619},[29,42636,42637,42641,42647,42652,42656,42660],{},[32,42638,42639],{},[533,42640,42566],{"href":3600},[32,42642,42643],{},[533,42644,42646],{"href":42645},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[32,42648,42649],{},[533,42650,42651],{"href":41360},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[32,42653,42654],{},[533,42655,9744],{"href":9666},[32,42657,42658],{},[533,42659,41365],{"href":41364},[32,42661,42662],{},[533,42663,42664],{"href":8906},"Python input() Function Explained",[2650,42666,42667],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":42669},[42670,42671,42672,42673,42680,42685,42686,42693,42698,42705,42706,42713],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":40659,"depth":120,"text":40660},{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":40884,"depth":120,"text":40885,"children":42674},[42675,42676,42677,42678,42679],{"id":40893,"depth":169,"text":40894},{"id":40957,"depth":169,"text":40958},{"id":41021,"depth":169,"text":41022},{"id":41063,"depth":169,"text":41064},{"id":41118,"depth":169,"text":41119},{"id":41157,"depth":120,"text":41158,"children":42681},[42682,42683,42684],{"id":41166,"depth":169,"text":41167},{"id":41252,"depth":169,"text":41253},{"id":41322,"depth":169,"text":41323},{"id":18107,"depth":120,"text":18108},{"id":41514,"depth":120,"text":41515,"children":42687},[42688,42690,42691,42692],{"id":41518,"depth":169,"text":42689},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41611,"depth":169,"text":41612},{"id":41697,"depth":169,"text":41698},{"id":41759,"depth":169,"text":41760},{"id":41819,"depth":120,"text":41820,"children":42694},[42695,42696,42697],{"id":41828,"depth":169,"text":41829},{"id":41867,"depth":169,"text":41868},{"id":41908,"depth":169,"text":41909},{"id":41973,"depth":120,"text":41974,"children":42699},[42700,42701,42702,42703,42704],{"id":41983,"depth":169,"text":41173},{"id":42049,"depth":169,"text":3728},{"id":42116,"depth":169,"text":42117},{"id":42190,"depth":169,"text":42191},{"id":42317,"depth":169,"text":42318},{"id":42421,"depth":120,"text":42422},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":42707},[42708,42709,42710,42711,42712],{"id":42575,"depth":169,"text":42576},{"id":42586,"depth":169,"text":42587},{"id":42599,"depth":169,"text":42600},{"id":42610,"depth":169,"text":42611},{"id":42618,"depth":169,"text":42619},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40560,"description":42714},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42721,"title":42722,"body":42723,"description":43944,"extension":2697,"meta":43945,"navigation":272,"path":35712,"seo":43946,"stem":43947,"__hash__":43948},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42724,"toc":43910},[42725,42728,42733,42736,42738,42777,42791,42795,42800,42803,42820,42823,42833,42848,42851,42853,42856,42872,42875,42878,42898,42902,42913,42916,42920,42924,42938,42973,42977,42988,43023,43026,43028,43036,43069,43085,43087,43097,43118,43129,43131,43136,43139,43153,43155,43174,43177,43190,43193,43197,43201,43215,43218,43236,43239,43254,43258,43263,43277,43283,43285,43342,43344,43377,43380,43396,43400,43407,43411,43416,43419,43430,43434,43439,43454,43463,43468,43487,43490,43502,43504,43509,43519,43522,43551,43556,43565,43569,43574,43577,43581,43586,43588,43618,43621,43628,43633,43638,43642,43645,43653,43656,43734,43737,43759,43761,43765,43768,43772,43778,43841,43845,43853,43857,43860,43862,43887,43907],[10,42726,42722],{"id":42727},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42729,4301,42730,42732],{},[15,42731,35715],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42734,42735],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[55,42737,58],{"id":57},[60,42739,42741],{"className":62,"code":42740,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42742,42743,42753,42763],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42744,42745,42747,42749,42751],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42746,32842],{"class":128},[69,42748,132],{"class":83},[69,42750,11850],{"class":128},[69,42752,166],{"class":83},[69,42754,42755,42757,42759,42761],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,42756,32842],{"class":128},[69,42758,132],{"class":83},[69,42760,4164],{"class":177},[69,42762,166],{"class":83},[69,42764,42765,42767,42769,42771,42773,42775],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,42766,32842],{"class":128},[69,42768,132],{"class":83},[69,42770,706],{"class":699},[69,42772,35349],{"class":703},[69,42774,706],{"class":699},[69,42776,166],{"class":83},[20,42778,1378,42779,42781,42782,394,42784,42786,42787,42790],{},[15,42780,35715],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42783,11850],{},[15,42785,4164],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42788,42789],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[55,42792,42794],{"id":42793},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42796,42797,42799],{},[15,42798,35715],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42801,42802],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[29,42804,42805,42808,42811,42814,42817],{},[32,42806,42807],{},"Functions",[32,42809,42810],{},"Classes",[32,42812,42813],{},"Methods",[32,42815,42816],{},"Modules",[32,42818,42819],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42821,42822],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42824,42825,42826,42832],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[533,42827,42829],{"href":42828},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42830,42831],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[60,42834,42836],{"className":62,"code":42835,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"help(len)\n",[15,42837,42838],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42839,42840,42842,42844,42846],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42841,32842],{"class":128},[69,42843,132],{"class":83},[69,42845,11850],{"class":128},[69,42847,166],{"class":83},[20,42849,42850],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[55,42852,2888],{"id":2887},[20,42854,42855],{},"The main form is:",[60,42857,42859],{"className":62,"code":42858,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"help(object)\n",[15,42860,42861],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42862,42863,42865,42867,42870],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42864,32842],{"class":128},[69,42866,132],{"class":83},[69,42868,42869],{"class":177},"object",[69,42871,166],{"class":83},[20,42873,42874],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42876,42877],{},"Common examples include:",[29,42879,42880,42884,42889,42893],{},[32,42881,42882],{},[15,42883,11850],{},[32,42885,42886],{},[15,42887,42888],{},"list.append",[32,42890,42891],{},[15,42892,4164],{},[32,42894,42895],{},[15,42896,42897],{},"open",[20,42899,7863,42900,7866],{},[15,42901,35715],{},[60,42903,42905],{"className":62,"code":42904,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"help()\n",[15,42906,42907],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42908,42909,42911],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42910,32842],{"class":128},[69,42912,9329],{"class":83},[20,42914,42915],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[55,42917,42919],{"id":42918},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[377,42921,42923],{"id":42922},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42925,42926,42927,2920,42929,2920,42931,2574,42934,537],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42928,11850],{},[15,42930,172],{},[15,42932,42933],{},"input",[533,42935,42936],{"href":3026},[15,42937,3029],{},[60,42939,42941],{"className":62,"code":42940,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42942,42943,42953,42963],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42944,42945,42947,42949,42951],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42946,32842],{"class":128},[69,42948,132],{"class":83},[69,42950,172],{"class":128},[69,42952,166],{"class":83},[69,42954,42955,42957,42959,42961],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,42956,32842],{"class":128},[69,42958,132],{"class":83},[69,42960,42933],{"class":128},[69,42962,166],{"class":83},[69,42964,42965,42967,42969,42971],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,42966,32842],{"class":128},[69,42968,132],{"class":83},[69,42970,641],{"class":177},[69,42972,166],{"class":83},[377,42974,42976],{"id":42975},"data-types","Data types",[20,42978,42979,42980,2920,42982,2920,42984,2574,42986,537],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42981,4164],{},[15,42983,178],{},[15,42985,9507],{},[15,42987,6982],{},[60,42989,42991],{"className":62,"code":42990,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42992,42993,43003,43013],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,42994,42995,42997,42999,43001],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,42996,32842],{"class":128},[69,42998,132],{"class":83},[69,43000,4164],{"class":177},[69,43002,166],{"class":83},[69,43004,43005,43007,43009,43011],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,43006,32842],{"class":128},[69,43008,132],{"class":83},[69,43010,178],{"class":177},[69,43012,166],{"class":83},[69,43014,43015,43017,43019,43021],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,43016,32842],{"class":128},[69,43018,132],{"class":83},[69,43020,9507],{"class":177},[69,43022,166],{"class":83},[20,43024,43025],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[377,43027,42813],{"id":35196},[20,43029,43030,43031,5096,43034,537],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,43032,43033],{},"str.split",[15,43035,42888],{},[60,43037,43039],{"className":62,"code":43038,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,43040,43041,43055],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,43042,43043,43045,43047,43049,43051,43053],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,43044,32842],{"class":128},[69,43046,132],{"class":83},[69,43048,4164],{"class":177},[69,43050,537],{"class":83},[69,43052,35159],{"class":25438},[69,43054,166],{"class":83},[69,43056,43057,43059,43061,43063,43065,43067],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,43058,32842],{"class":128},[69,43060,132],{"class":83},[69,43062,178],{"class":177},[69,43064,537],{"class":83},[69,43066,1606],{"class":25438},[69,43068,166],{"class":83},[20,43070,43071,43072,843,43074,29002,43079,43081,43082,43084],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,43073,35715],{},[533,43075,43077],{"href":43076},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,43078,35002],{},[15,43080,35002],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,43083,35715],{}," explains one of them.",[377,43086,42816],{"id":35349},[20,43088,43089,43090,2920,43092,2574,43094,537],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,43091,19107],{},[15,43093,35878],{},[15,43095,43096],{},"os",[60,43098,43100],{"className":62,"code":43099,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,43101,43102,43108],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,43103,43104,43106],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,43105,35779],{"class":1053},[69,43107,35782],{"class":75},[69,43109,43110,43112,43114,43116],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,43111,32842],{"class":128},[69,43113,132],{"class":83},[69,43115,19107],{"class":146},[69,43117,166],{"class":83},[20,43119,43120,43121,43125,43126,537],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[533,43122,43124],{"href":43123},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[533,43127,35845],{"href":43128},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[55,43130,35606],{"id":35605},[20,43132,43133,43135],{},[15,43134,35715],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,43137,43138],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[29,43140,43141,43144,43147,43150],{},[32,43142,43143],{},"The function signature",[32,43145,43146],{},"The short description",[32,43148,43149],{},"Parameter names",[32,43151,43152],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,43154,6172],{},[60,43156,43158],{"className":62,"code":43157,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"help(str.split)\n",[15,43159,43160],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,43161,43162,43164,43166,43168,43170,43172],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,43163,32842],{"class":128},[69,43165,132],{"class":83},[69,43167,4164],{"class":177},[69,43169,537],{"class":83},[69,43171,35159],{"class":25438},[69,43173,166],{"class":83},[20,43175,43176],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[29,43178,43179,43182,43185,43187],{},[32,43180,43181],{},"What object this is",[32,43183,43184],{},"What arguments it accepts",[32,43186,22660],{},[32,43188,43189],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,43191,43192],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[55,43194,43196],{"id":43195},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,43198,43199,30562],{},[15,43200,35715],{},[29,43202,43203,43206,43209,43212],{},[32,43204,43205],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[32,43207,43208],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[32,43210,43211],{},"You are exploring a new module",[32,43213,43214],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,43216,43217],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[60,43219,43220],{"className":62,"code":43157,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,43221,43222],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,43223,43224,43226,43228,43230,43232,43234],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,43225,32842],{"class":128},[69,43227,132],{"class":83},[69,43229,4164],{"class":177},[69,43231,537],{"class":83},[69,43233,35159],{"class":25438},[69,43235,166],{"class":83},[20,43237,43238],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[60,43240,43242],{"className":62,"code":43241,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"help(open)\n",[15,43243,43244],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,43245,43246,43248,43250,43252],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,43247,32842],{"class":128},[69,43249,132],{"class":83},[69,43251,42897],{"class":128},[69,43253,166],{"class":83},[55,43255,43257],{"id":43256},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,43259,43260,43262],{},[15,43261,35715],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[29,43264,43265,43268,43271,43274],{},[32,43266,43267],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[32,43269,43270],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[32,43272,43273],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[32,43275,43276],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,43278,43279,43280,43282],{},"So, ",[15,43281,35715],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,43284,6172],{},[60,43286,43288],{"className":62,"code":43287,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,43289,43290,43303,43327,43331],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,43291,43292,43294,43296,43298,43301],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,43293,35378],{"class":75},[69,43295,80],{"class":79},[69,43297,881],{"class":699},[69,43299,43300],{"class":703},"a,b,c",[69,43302,4079],{"class":699},[69,43304,43305,43308,43310,43313,43315,43317,43319,43321,43323,43325],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,43306,43307],{"class":75},"parts ",[69,43309,80],{"class":79},[69,43311,43312],{"class":75}," text",[69,43314,537],{"class":83},[69,43316,35159],{"class":146},[69,43318,132],{"class":83},[69,43320,871],{"class":699},[69,43322,91],{"class":703},[69,43324,871],{"class":699},[69,43326,166],{"class":83},[69,43328,43329],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,43330,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,43332,43333,43335,43337,43340],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,43334,172],{"class":128},[69,43336,132],{"class":83},[69,43338,43339],{"class":146},"parts",[69,43341,166],{"class":83},[20,43343,6259],{},[60,43345,43347],{"className":62,"code":43346,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43348,43349],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,43350,43351,43353,43355,43357,43359,43361,43363,43365,43367,43369,43371,43373,43375],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,43352,331],{"class":83},[69,43354,706],{"class":699},[69,43356,533],{"class":703},[69,43358,706],{"class":699},[69,43360,91],{"class":83},[69,43362,700],{"class":699},[69,43364,5465],{"class":703},[69,43366,706],{"class":699},[69,43368,91],{"class":83},[69,43370,700],{"class":699},[69,43372,10425],{"class":703},[69,43374,706],{"class":699},[69,43376,117],{"class":83},[20,43378,43379],{},"A good workflow is:",[29401,43381,43382,43387,43390,43393],{},[32,43383,1378,43384,43386],{},[15,43385,35715],{}," to inspect something",[32,43388,43389],{},"Write a tiny example",[32,43391,43392],{},"Check the result",[32,43394,43395],{},"Repeat",[55,43397,43399],{"id":43398},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,43401,43402,5096,43404,43406],{},[15,43403,35715],{},[15,43405,35002],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[377,43408,43409],{"id":32842},[15,43410,35715],{},[20,43412,1378,43413,43415],{},[15,43414,35715],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,43417,43418],{},"It tells you:",[29,43420,43421,43424,43427],{},[32,43422,43423],{},"What something is",[32,43425,43426],{},"How to use it",[32,43428,43429],{},"What parameters it accepts",[377,43431,43432],{"id":35063},[15,43433,35002],{},[20,43435,1378,43436,43438],{},[15,43437,35002],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[60,43440,43442],{"className":62,"code":43441,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dir(str)\n",[15,43443,43444],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,43445,43446,43448,43450,43452],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,43447,35063],{"class":128},[69,43449,132],{"class":83},[69,43451,4164],{"class":177},[69,43453,166],{"class":83},[20,43455,43456,43457,2920,43459,2574,43461,537],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43458,35159],{},[15,43460,9320],{},[15,43462,9326],{},[20,43464,43465,43466,143],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43467,35715],{},[60,43469,43471],{"className":62,"code":43470,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43472,43473],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,43474,43475,43477,43479,43481,43483,43485],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,43476,32842],{"class":128},[69,43478,132],{"class":83},[69,43480,4164],{"class":177},[69,43482,537],{"class":83},[69,43484,9326],{"class":25438},[69,43486,166],{"class":83},[20,43488,43489],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[29,43491,43492,43497],{},[32,43493,1378,43494,43496],{},[15,43495,35002],{}," to discover options",[32,43498,1378,43499,43501],{},[15,43500,35715],{}," to understand one option",[55,43503,1771],{"id":1770},[20,43505,43506,43507,537],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43508,35715],{},[377,43510,840,43512,43515,43516],{"id":43511},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43513,43514],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43517,43518],{},"help(len)",[20,43520,43521],{},"These are not always the same.",[60,43523,43525],{"className":62,"code":43524,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43526,43527,43537],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,43528,43529,43531,43533,43535],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,43530,32842],{"class":128},[69,43532,132],{"class":83},[69,43534,11850],{"class":128},[69,43536,166],{"class":83},[69,43538,43539,43541,43543,43545,43547,43549],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,43540,32842],{"class":128},[69,43542,132],{"class":83},[69,43544,706],{"class":699},[69,43546,11850],{"class":703},[69,43548,706],{"class":699},[69,43550,166],{"class":83},[20,43552,43553,43555],{},[15,43554,43518],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43557,43558,43560,43561,43564],{},[15,43559,43514],{}," treats ",[15,43562,43563],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[377,43566,43568],{"id":43567},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43570,43571,43573],{},[15,43572,35715],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43575,43576],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[377,43578,43580],{"id":43579},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43582,40812,43583,43585],{},[15,43584,35715],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43587,234],{},[60,43589,43591],{"className":62,"code":43590,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43592,43593,43603],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,43594,43595,43597,43599,43601],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,43596,32842],{"class":128},[69,43598,132],{"class":83},[69,43600,11850],{"class":128},[69,43602,166],{"class":83},[69,43604,43605,43607,43609,43611,43614,43616],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,43606,172],{"class":128},[69,43608,132],{"class":83},[69,43610,871],{"class":699},[69,43612,43613],{"class":703},"Done",[69,43615,871],{"class":699},[69,43617,166],{"class":83},[20,43619,43620],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[377,43622,2309,43624,843,43626],{"id":43623},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43625,35715],{},[15,43627,35002],{},[20,43629,43630,43631,537],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43632,35002],{},[20,43634,43635,43636,537],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43637,35715],{},[55,43639,43641],{"id":43640},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43643,43644],{},"Open Python:",[60,43646,43647],{"className":62,"code":36231,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,43648,43649],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,43650,43651],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,43652,36231],{"class":75},[20,43654,43655],{},"Then test these commands:",[60,43657,43659],{"className":62,"code":43658,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43660,43661,43671,43685,43699,43709,43724],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,43662,43663,43665,43667,43669],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,43664,32842],{"class":128},[69,43666,132],{"class":83},[69,43668,11850],{"class":128},[69,43670,166],{"class":83},[69,43672,43673,43675,43677,43679,43681,43683],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,43674,32842],{"class":128},[69,43676,132],{"class":83},[69,43678,4164],{"class":177},[69,43680,537],{"class":83},[69,43682,35159],{"class":25438},[69,43684,166],{"class":83},[69,43686,43687,43689,43691,43693,43695,43697],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,43688,32842],{"class":128},[69,43690,132],{"class":83},[69,43692,178],{"class":177},[69,43694,537],{"class":83},[69,43696,1606],{"class":25438},[69,43698,166],{"class":83},[69,43700,43701,43703,43705,43707],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,43702,32842],{"class":128},[69,43704,132],{"class":83},[69,43706,42897],{"class":128},[69,43708,166],{"class":83},[69,43710,43711,43713,43715,43717,43720,43722],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,43712,32842],{"class":128},[69,43714,132],{"class":83},[69,43716,706],{"class":699},[69,43718,43719],{"class":703},"keywords",[69,43721,706],{"class":699},[69,43723,166],{"class":83},[69,43725,43726,43728,43730,43732],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,43727,35063],{"class":128},[69,43729,132],{"class":83},[69,43731,4164],{"class":177},[69,43733,166],{"class":83},[20,43735,43736],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[29,43738,43739,43742,43745,43748,43751,43754],{},[32,43740,43741],{},"A built-in function",[32,43743,43744],{},"A string method",[32,43746,43747],{},"A list method",[32,43749,43750],{},"A built-in file function",[32,43752,43753],{},"A special help topic",[32,43755,848,43756,43758],{},[15,43757,35002],{}," example for comparison",[55,43760,2519],{"id":2518},[377,43762,43764],{"id":43763},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43766,43767],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[377,43769,43771],{"id":43770},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43773,43774,43775,43777],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43776,35715],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[60,43779,43781],{"className":62,"code":43780,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43782,43783,43795,43808,43827,43831],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,43784,43785,43787,43789,43791,43793],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,43786,1036],{"class":135},[69,43788,35544],{"class":1039},[69,43790,132],{"class":83},[69,43792,8356],{"class":139},[69,43794,1048],{"class":83},[69,43796,43797,43801,43805],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,43798,43800],{"class":43799},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[69,43802,43804],{"class":43803},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[69,43806,43807],{"class":43799},"\"\"\"\n",[69,43809,43810,43812,43815,43818,43820,43822,43824],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,43811,1054],{"class":1053},[69,43813,43814],{"class":135}," f",[69,43816,43817],{"class":703},"\"Hello, ",[69,43819,9964],{"class":87},[69,43821,8356],{"class":75},[69,43823,22992],{"class":87},[69,43825,43826],{"class":703},"!\"\n",[69,43828,43829],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,43830,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,43832,43833,43835,43837,43839],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,43834,32842],{"class":128},[69,43836,132],{"class":83},[69,43838,35585],{"class":146},[69,43840,166],{"class":83},[377,43842,43844],{"id":43843},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43846,43847,43849,43850,43852],{},[15,43848,43518],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43851,43514],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[377,43854,43856],{"id":43855},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43858,43859],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[55,43861,2620],{"id":2619},[29,43863,43864,43869,43873,43878,43883],{},[32,43865,43866],{},[533,43867,43868],{"href":43076},"Python dir() function explained",[32,43870,43871],{},[533,43872,9128],{"href":3026},[32,43874,43875],{},[533,43876,43877],{"href":42828},"Python len() function explained",[32,43879,43880],{},[533,43881,43882],{"href":43123},"How import works in Python",[32,43884,43885],{},[533,43886,35845],{"href":43128},[20,43888,43889,43890,43892,43893,2920,43895,2574,43897,43899,43900,394,43903,43906],{},"Try ",[15,43891,35715],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43894,11850],{},[15,43896,172],{},[15,43898,42933],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43901,43902],{},"dir(str)",[15,43904,43905],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2650,43908,43909],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":43911},[43912,43913,43914,43915,43921,43922,43923,43924,43928,43936,43937,43943],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":42793,"depth":120,"text":42794},{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":42918,"depth":120,"text":42919,"children":43916},[43917,43918,43919,43920],{"id":42922,"depth":169,"text":42923},{"id":42975,"depth":169,"text":42976},{"id":35196,"depth":169,"text":42813},{"id":35349,"depth":169,"text":42816},{"id":35605,"depth":120,"text":35606},{"id":43195,"depth":120,"text":43196},{"id":43256,"depth":120,"text":43257},{"id":43398,"depth":120,"text":43399,"children":43925},[43926,43927],{"id":32842,"depth":169,"text":35715},{"id":35063,"depth":169,"text":35002},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771,"children":43929},[43930,43932,43933,43934],{"id":43511,"depth":169,"text":43931},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43567,"depth":169,"text":43568},{"id":43579,"depth":169,"text":43580},{"id":43623,"depth":169,"text":43935},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43640,"depth":120,"text":43641},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":43938},[43939,43940,43941,43942],{"id":43763,"depth":169,"text":43764},{"id":43770,"depth":169,"text":43771},{"id":43843,"depth":169,"text":43844},{"id":43855,"depth":169,"text":43856},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42722,"description":43944},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43950,"title":43951,"body":43952,"description":45314,"extension":2697,"meta":45315,"navigation":272,"path":45316,"seo":45317,"stem":45318,"__hash__":45319},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43953,"toc":45287},[43954,43960,43965,43971,43981,44040,44050,44061,44066,44072,44074,44092,44100,44102,44104,44119,44122,44133,44135,44226,44229,44233,44238,44259,44261,44372,44374,44401,44412,44416,44419,44502,44504,44512,44518,44524,44528,44531,44641,44643,44656,44659,44673,44681,44688,44693,44707,44713,44826,44828,44889,44892,44898,44904,44907,44929,44932,45002,45005,45037,45044,45046,45049,45067,45070,45082,45088,45090,45095,45121,45124,45196,45198,45204,45207,45213,45216,45222,45232,45238,45241,45248,45251,45253,45284],[10,43955,13,43957,18],{"id":43956},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43958,43959],{},"id()",[20,43961,33007,43962,43964],{},[15,43963,43959],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43966,43967,43968,43970],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43969,43959],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43972,1378,43973,43975,43976,43978,43979,537],{},[15,43974,43959],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[42,43977,5334],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43980,5392],{},[60,43982,43984],{"className":62,"code":43983,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43985,43986,43998,44012,44016,44026],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,43987,43988,43990,43992,43994,43996],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,43989,8563],{"class":75},[69,43991,80],{"class":79},[69,43993,881],{"class":699},[69,43995,7985],{"class":703},[69,43997,4079],{"class":699},[69,43999,44000,44002,44004,44006,44008,44010],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,44001,172],{"class":128},[69,44003,132],{"class":83},[69,44005,13341],{"class":128},[69,44007,132],{"class":83},[69,44009,8356],{"class":146},[69,44011,318],{"class":83},[69,44013,44014],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,44015,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,44017,44018,44021,44023],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,44019,44020],{"class":75},"other ",[69,44022,80],{"class":79},[69,44024,44025],{"class":75}," name\n",[69,44027,44028,44030,44032,44034,44036,44038],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,44029,172],{"class":128},[69,44031,132],{"class":83},[69,44033,13341],{"class":128},[69,44035,132],{"class":83},[69,44037,31432],{"class":146},[69,44039,318],{"class":83},[20,44041,44042,44043,44046,44047,44049],{},"In this example, ",[15,44044,44045],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,44048,43959],{}," values match.",[44051,44052,44053],"blockquote",{},[20,44054,1378,44055,44057,44058,44060],{},[15,44056,43959],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,44059,5392],{}," for value comparison.",[55,44062,202,44064,205],{"id":44063},"what-id-does",[15,44065,43959],{},[20,44067,44068,44071],{},[15,44069,44070],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,44073,13744],{},[29,44075,44076,44079,44086,44089],{},[32,44077,44078],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[32,44080,44081,44082,44085],{},"It shows ",[42,44083,44084],{},"object identity",", not object value",[32,44087,44088],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[32,44090,44091],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,44093,44094,44095,44099],{},"This is closely related to how ",[533,44096,44098],{"href":44097},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[55,44101,2888],{"id":2887},[20,44103,6134],{},[60,44105,44107],{"className":62,"code":44106,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"id(object)\n",[15,44108,44109],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,44110,44111,44113,44115,44117],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,44112,13341],{"class":128},[69,44114,132],{"class":83},[69,44116,42869],{"class":177},[69,44118,166],{"class":83},[20,44120,44121],{},"Important details:",[29,44123,44124,44127,44130],{},[32,44125,44126],{},"It takes one argument",[32,44128,44129],{},"It returns an integer",[32,44131,44132],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,44134,234],{},[60,44136,44138],{"className":62,"code":44137,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,44139,44140,44152,44160,44180,44184,44198,44212],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,44141,44142,44144,44146,44148,44150],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,44143,35378],{"class":75},[69,44145,80],{"class":79},[69,44147,881],{"class":699},[69,44149,1275],{"class":703},[69,44151,4079],{"class":699},[69,44153,44154,44156,44158],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,44155,1700],{"class":75},[69,44157,80],{"class":79},[69,44159,3495],{"class":87},[69,44161,44162,44164,44166,44168,44170,44172,44174,44176,44178],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,44163,1252],{"class":75},[69,44165,80],{"class":79},[69,44167,84],{"class":83},[69,44169,88],{"class":87},[69,44171,91],{"class":83},[69,44173,94],{"class":87},[69,44175,91],{"class":83},[69,44177,99],{"class":87},[69,44179,117],{"class":83},[69,44181,44182],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,44183,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,44185,44186,44188,44190,44192,44194,44196],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,44187,172],{"class":128},[69,44189,132],{"class":83},[69,44191,13341],{"class":128},[69,44193,132],{"class":83},[69,44195,35399],{"class":146},[69,44197,318],{"class":83},[69,44199,44200,44202,44204,44206,44208,44210],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,44201,172],{"class":128},[69,44203,132],{"class":83},[69,44205,13341],{"class":128},[69,44207,132],{"class":83},[69,44209,1045],{"class":146},[69,44211,318],{"class":83},[69,44213,44214,44216,44218,44220,44222,44224],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,44215,172],{"class":128},[69,44217,132],{"class":83},[69,44219,13341],{"class":128},[69,44221,132],{"class":83},[69,44223,8497],{"class":146},[69,44225,318],{"class":83},[20,44227,44228],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[55,44230,44232],{"id":44231},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,44234,44235,44236,537],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,44237,43959],{},[29,44239,44240,44247,44254],{},[32,44241,44242,44244,44245],{},[15,44243,5392],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[42,44246,3198],{},[32,44248,44249,44251,44252],{},[15,44250,12885],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[42,44253,42869],{},[32,44255,44256,44258],{},[15,44257,43959],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,44260,234],{},[60,44262,44264],{"className":62,"code":44263,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,44265,44266,44286,44306,44310,44327,44344,44358],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,44267,44268,44270,44272,44274,44276,44278,44280,44282,44284],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,44269,3280],{"class":75},[69,44271,80],{"class":79},[69,44273,84],{"class":83},[69,44275,88],{"class":87},[69,44277,91],{"class":83},[69,44279,94],{"class":87},[69,44281,91],{"class":83},[69,44283,99],{"class":87},[69,44285,117],{"class":83},[69,44287,44288,44290,44292,44294,44296,44298,44300,44302,44304],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,44289,3308],{"class":75},[69,44291,80],{"class":79},[69,44293,84],{"class":83},[69,44295,88],{"class":87},[69,44297,91],{"class":83},[69,44299,94],{"class":87},[69,44301,91],{"class":83},[69,44303,99],{"class":87},[69,44305,117],{"class":83},[69,44307,44308],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,44309,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,44311,44312,44314,44316,44318,44320,44322,44324],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,44313,172],{"class":128},[69,44315,132],{"class":83},[69,44317,3280],{"class":146},[69,44319,5392],{"class":79},[69,44321,3285],{"class":146},[69,44323,938],{"class":83},[69,44325,44326],{"class":189},"   # True\n",[69,44328,44329,44331,44333,44335,44337,44339,44341],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,44330,172],{"class":128},[69,44332,132],{"class":83},[69,44334,3280],{"class":146},[69,44336,12885],{"class":1053},[69,44338,3285],{"class":146},[69,44340,938],{"class":83},[69,44342,44343],{"class":189},"   # False\n",[69,44345,44346,44348,44350,44352,44354,44356],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,44347,172],{"class":128},[69,44349,132],{"class":83},[69,44351,13341],{"class":128},[69,44353,132],{"class":83},[69,44355,533],{"class":146},[69,44357,318],{"class":83},[69,44359,44360,44362,44364,44366,44368,44370],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,44361,172],{"class":128},[69,44363,132],{"class":83},[69,44365,13341],{"class":128},[69,44367,132],{"class":83},[69,44369,5465],{"class":146},[69,44371,318],{"class":83},[20,44373,2909],{},[29,44375,44376,44384,44392],{},[32,44377,44378,5488,44381,44383],{},[15,44379,44380],{},"a == b",[15,44382,224],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[32,44385,44386,5488,44389,44391],{},[15,44387,44388],{},"a is b",[15,44390,230],{}," because they are different list objects",[32,44393,44394,5096,44397,44400],{},[15,44395,44396],{},"id(a)",[15,44398,44399],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,44402,44403,44404,5096,44408,537],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[533,44405,44407],{"href":44406},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[533,44409,44411],{"href":44410},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[55,44413,44415],{"id":44414},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,44417,44418],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[60,44420,44422],{"className":62,"code":44421,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44423,44424,44444,44454,44458,44472,44487],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,44425,44426,44428,44430,44432,44434,44436,44438,44440,44442],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,44427,76],{"class":75},[69,44429,80],{"class":79},[69,44431,84],{"class":83},[69,44433,444],{"class":87},[69,44435,91],{"class":83},[69,44437,454],{"class":87},[69,44439,91],{"class":83},[69,44441,8482],{"class":87},[69,44443,117],{"class":83},[69,44445,44446,44449,44451],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,44447,44448],{"class":75},"other_numbers ",[69,44450,80],{"class":79},[69,44452,44453],{"class":75}," numbers\n",[69,44455,44456],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,44457,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,44459,44460,44462,44464,44466,44468,44470],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,44461,172],{"class":128},[69,44463,132],{"class":83},[69,44465,13341],{"class":128},[69,44467,132],{"class":83},[69,44469,4366],{"class":146},[69,44471,318],{"class":83},[69,44473,44474,44476,44478,44480,44482,44485],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,44475,172],{"class":128},[69,44477,132],{"class":83},[69,44479,13341],{"class":128},[69,44481,132],{"class":83},[69,44483,44484],{"class":146},"other_numbers",[69,44486,318],{"class":83},[69,44488,44489,44491,44493,44495,44497,44500],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,44490,172],{"class":128},[69,44492,132],{"class":83},[69,44494,76],{"class":146},[69,44496,12885],{"class":1053},[69,44498,44499],{"class":146}," other_numbers",[69,44501,166],{"class":83},[20,44503,6259],{},[60,44505,44506],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,44507,44508],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,44509,44510],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,44511,4685],{"class":1203},[20,44513,44514,44515,44517],{},"The two ",[15,44516,43959],{}," values will also match.",[20,44519,22878,44520,44523],{},[15,44521,44522],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[55,44525,44527],{"id":44526},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44529,44530],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[60,44532,44534],{"className":62,"code":44533,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44535,44536,44557,44578,44582,44597,44611,44626],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,44537,44538,44541,44543,44545,44547,44549,44551,44553,44555],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,44539,44540],{"class":75},"list_a ",[69,44542,80],{"class":79},[69,44544,84],{"class":83},[69,44546,88],{"class":87},[69,44548,91],{"class":83},[69,44550,94],{"class":87},[69,44552,91],{"class":83},[69,44554,99],{"class":87},[69,44556,117],{"class":83},[69,44558,44559,44562,44564,44566,44568,44570,44572,44574,44576],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,44560,44561],{"class":75},"list_b ",[69,44563,80],{"class":79},[69,44565,84],{"class":83},[69,44567,88],{"class":87},[69,44569,91],{"class":83},[69,44571,94],{"class":87},[69,44573,91],{"class":83},[69,44575,99],{"class":87},[69,44577,117],{"class":83},[69,44579,44580],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,44581,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,44583,44584,44586,44588,44590,44592,44595],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,44585,172],{"class":128},[69,44587,132],{"class":83},[69,44589,44540],{"class":146},[69,44591,5392],{"class":79},[69,44593,44594],{"class":146}," list_b",[69,44596,166],{"class":83},[69,44598,44599,44601,44603,44605,44607,44609],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,44600,172],{"class":128},[69,44602,132],{"class":83},[69,44604,44540],{"class":146},[69,44606,12885],{"class":1053},[69,44608,44594],{"class":146},[69,44610,166],{"class":83},[69,44612,44613,44615,44617,44619,44621,44624],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,44614,172],{"class":128},[69,44616,132],{"class":83},[69,44618,13341],{"class":128},[69,44620,132],{"class":83},[69,44622,44623],{"class":146},"list_a",[69,44625,318],{"class":83},[69,44627,44628,44630,44632,44634,44636,44639],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,44629,172],{"class":128},[69,44631,132],{"class":83},[69,44633,13341],{"class":128},[69,44635,132],{"class":83},[69,44637,44638],{"class":146},"list_b",[69,44640,318],{"class":83},[20,44642,6259],{},[60,44644,44646],{"className":62,"code":44645,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44647,44648,44652],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,44649,44650],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,44651,4685],{"class":1203},[69,44653,44654],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,44655,4746],{"class":1203},[20,44657,44658],{},"What this means:",[29,44660,44661,44664,44667],{},[32,44662,44663],{},"The lists are equal in value",[32,44665,44666],{},"They are not the same object",[32,44668,44669,44670,44672],{},"Their ",[15,44671,43959],{}," values are usually different",[20,44674,44675,44676,44678,44679,537],{},"This is why ",[15,44677,43959],{}," should not replace ",[15,44680,5392],{},[55,44682,44684,44685,44687],{"id":44683},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44686,43959],{}," is useful",[20,44689,44690,44692],{},[15,44691,43959],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[29,44694,44695,44698,44701,44704],{},[32,44696,44697],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[32,44699,44700],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[32,44702,44703],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[32,44705,44706],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44708,44709,44710,44712],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44711,43959],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[60,44714,44716],{"className":62,"code":44715,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44717,44718,44742,44751,44755,44774,44778,44788,44798,44812],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,44719,44720,44722,44724,44726,44728,44730,44732,44734,44736,44738,44740],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,44721,12777],{"class":75},[69,44723,80],{"class":79},[69,44725,84],{"class":83},[69,44727,871],{"class":699},[69,44729,533],{"class":703},[69,44731,871],{"class":699},[69,44733,91],{"class":83},[69,44735,881],{"class":699},[69,44737,5465],{"class":703},[69,44739,871],{"class":699},[69,44741,117],{"class":83},[69,44743,44744,44747,44749],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,44745,44746],{"class":75},"copy_ref ",[69,44748,80],{"class":79},[69,44750,12815],{"class":75},[69,44752,44753],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,44754,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,44756,44757,44760,44762,44764,44766,44768,44770,44772],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,44758,44759],{"class":75},"copy_ref",[69,44761,537],{"class":83},[69,44763,1606],{"class":146},[69,44765,132],{"class":83},[69,44767,871],{"class":699},[69,44769,10425],{"class":703},[69,44771,871],{"class":699},[69,44773,166],{"class":83},[69,44775,44776],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,44777,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,44779,44780,44782,44784,44786],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,44781,172],{"class":128},[69,44783,132],{"class":83},[69,44785,12824],{"class":146},[69,44787,166],{"class":83},[69,44789,44790,44792,44794,44796],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,44791,172],{"class":128},[69,44793,132],{"class":83},[69,44795,44759],{"class":146},[69,44797,166],{"class":83},[69,44799,44800,44802,44804,44806,44808,44810],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,44801,172],{"class":128},[69,44803,132],{"class":83},[69,44805,13341],{"class":128},[69,44807,132],{"class":83},[69,44809,12824],{"class":146},[69,44811,318],{"class":83},[69,44813,44814,44816,44818,44820,44822,44824],{"class":71,"line":7120},[69,44815,172],{"class":128},[69,44817,132],{"class":83},[69,44819,13341],{"class":128},[69,44821,132],{"class":83},[69,44823,44759],{"class":146},[69,44825,318],{"class":83},[20,44827,6259],{},[60,44829,44831],{"className":62,"code":44830,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44832,44833,44861],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,44834,44835,44837,44839,44841,44843,44845,44847,44849,44851,44853,44855,44857,44859],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,44836,331],{"class":83},[69,44838,706],{"class":699},[69,44840,533],{"class":703},[69,44842,706],{"class":699},[69,44844,91],{"class":83},[69,44846,700],{"class":699},[69,44848,5465],{"class":703},[69,44850,706],{"class":699},[69,44852,91],{"class":83},[69,44854,700],{"class":699},[69,44856,10425],{"class":703},[69,44858,706],{"class":699},[69,44860,117],{"class":83},[69,44862,44863,44865,44867,44869,44871,44873,44875,44877,44879,44881,44883,44885,44887],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,44864,331],{"class":83},[69,44866,706],{"class":699},[69,44868,533],{"class":703},[69,44870,706],{"class":699},[69,44872,91],{"class":83},[69,44874,700],{"class":699},[69,44876,5465],{"class":703},[69,44878,706],{"class":699},[69,44880,91],{"class":83},[69,44882,700],{"class":699},[69,44884,10425],{"class":703},[69,44886,706],{"class":699},[69,44888,117],{"class":83},[20,44890,44891],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[55,44893,44895,44896],{"id":44894},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44897,43959],{},[20,44899,44900,44901,44903],{},"Do not use ",[15,44902,43959],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44905,44906],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[29,44908,44909,44915,44921,44924],{},[32,44910,44911,44912,44914],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44913,5392],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[32,44916,44917,44918,44920],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44919,43959],{}," values across program runs",[32,44922,44923],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[32,44925,44926,44927],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44928,43959],{},[20,44930,44931],{},"Bad example:",[60,44933,44935],{"className":62,"code":44934,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44936,44937,44949,44961,44965,44987],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,44938,44939,44941,44943,44945,44947],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,44940,3280],{"class":75},[69,44942,80],{"class":79},[69,44944,881],{"class":699},[69,44946,37738],{"class":703},[69,44948,4079],{"class":699},[69,44950,44951,44953,44955,44957,44959],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,44952,3308],{"class":75},[69,44954,80],{"class":79},[69,44956,881],{"class":699},[69,44958,37738],{"class":703},[69,44960,4079],{"class":699},[69,44962,44963],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,44964,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,44966,44967,44969,44971,44973,44975,44977,44979,44981,44983,44985],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,44968,1712],{"class":1053},[69,44970,15508],{"class":128},[69,44972,132],{"class":83},[69,44974,533],{"class":146},[69,44976,938],{"class":83},[69,44978,155],{"class":79},[69,44980,15508],{"class":128},[69,44982,132],{"class":83},[69,44984,5465],{"class":146},[69,44986,1048],{"class":83},[69,44988,44989,44991,44993,44995,44998,45000],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,44990,8756],{"class":128},[69,44992,132],{"class":83},[69,44994,871],{"class":699},[69,44996,44997],{"class":703},"The values are equal",[69,44999,871],{"class":699},[69,45001,166],{"class":83},[20,45003,45004],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[60,45006,45008],{"className":62,"code":45007,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,45009,45010,45023],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45011,45012,45014,45017,45019,45021],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45013,1712],{"class":1053},[69,45015,45016],{"class":75}," a ",[69,45018,5392],{"class":79},[69,45020,3285],{"class":75},[69,45022,1579],{"class":83},[69,45024,45025,45027,45029,45031,45033,45035],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,45026,8756],{"class":128},[69,45028,132],{"class":83},[69,45030,871],{"class":699},[69,45032,44997],{"class":703},[69,45034,871],{"class":699},[69,45036,166],{"class":83},[20,45038,1378,45039,394,45041,45043],{},[15,45040,12885],{},[15,45042,43959],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[55,45045,21491],{"id":21490},[20,45047,45048],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[29,45050,45051,45054,45057,45062],{},[32,45052,45053],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[32,45055,45056],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[32,45058,45059,45060],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,45061,43959],{},[32,45063,45064,45065],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,45066,43959],{},[20,45068,45069],{},"The important rule is:",[29,45071,45072,45077],{},[32,45073,1378,45074,45076],{},[15,45075,5392],{}," to check value",[32,45078,1378,45079,45081],{},[15,45080,12885],{}," to check identity",[20,45083,45084,45085,45087],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,45086,43959],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[55,45089,1771],{"id":1770},[20,45091,45092,45093,143],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,45094,43959],{},[29,45096,45097,45105,45108,45111,45116],{},[32,45098,840,45099,45101,45102,45104],{},[15,45100,43959],{}," when ",[15,45103,5392],{}," should be used",[32,45106,45107],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[32,45109,45110],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[32,45112,45113,45114],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,45115,43959],{},[32,45117,840,45118,45120],{},[15,45119,43959],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,45122,45123],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[60,45125,45127],{"className":62,"code":45126,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,45128,45129,45144,45158,45172,45186],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45130,45131,45133,45135,45137,45139,45142],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45132,172],{"class":128},[69,45134,132],{"class":83},[69,45136,13341],{"class":128},[69,45138,132],{"class":83},[69,45140,45141],{"class":146},"my_object",[69,45143,318],{"class":83},[69,45145,45146,45148,45150,45152,45154,45156],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,45147,172],{"class":128},[69,45149,132],{"class":83},[69,45151,3280],{"class":146},[69,45153,5392],{"class":79},[69,45155,3285],{"class":146},[69,45157,166],{"class":83},[69,45159,45160,45162,45164,45166,45168,45170],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,45161,172],{"class":128},[69,45163,132],{"class":83},[69,45165,3280],{"class":146},[69,45167,12885],{"class":1053},[69,45169,3285],{"class":146},[69,45171,166],{"class":83},[69,45173,45174,45176,45178,45180,45182,45184],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,45175,172],{"class":128},[69,45177,132],{"class":83},[69,45179,641],{"class":177},[69,45181,132],{"class":83},[69,45183,45141],{"class":146},[69,45185,318],{"class":83},[69,45187,45188,45190,45192,45194],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,45189,32842],{"class":128},[69,45191,132],{"class":83},[69,45193,13341],{"class":128},[69,45195,166],{"class":83},[55,45197,2519],{"id":2518},[377,45199,45201,45202,13407],{"id":45200},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,45203,43959],{},[20,45205,45206],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[377,45208,15595,45210,45212],{"id":45209},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,45211,43959],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,45214,45215],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[377,45217,2580,45219,45221],{"id":45218},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,45220,43959],{}," to compare two values?",[20,45223,30959,45224,45226,45227,394,45229,45231],{},[15,45225,5392],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,45228,43959],{},[15,45230,12885],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[377,45233,45235,45236,3218],{"id":45234},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,45237,43959],{},[20,45239,45240],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[377,45242,45244,45245,45247],{"id":45243},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,45246,43959],{}," values?",[20,45249,45250],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[55,45252,2620],{"id":2619},[29,45254,45255,45260,45265,45270,45278],{},[32,45256,45257],{},[533,45258,45259],{"href":44097},"Python variables explained for beginners",[32,45261,45262],{},[533,45263,45264],{"href":44406},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[32,45266,45267],{},[533,45268,45269],{"href":44410},"Python data types overview",[32,45271,45272],{},[533,45273,13,45275,2515],{"href":45274},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,45276,45277],{},"isinstance()",[32,45279,45280],{},[533,45281,45283],{"href":45282},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2650,45285,45286],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":45288},[45289,45291,45292,45293,45294,45295,45297,45299,45300,45301,45313],{"id":44063,"depth":120,"text":45290},"What id() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":44231,"depth":120,"text":44232},{"id":44414,"depth":120,"text":44415},{"id":44526,"depth":120,"text":44527},{"id":44683,"depth":120,"text":45296},"When id() is useful",{"id":44894,"depth":120,"text":45298},"When not to use id()",{"id":21490,"depth":120,"text":21491},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":45302},[45303,45305,45307,45309,45311],{"id":45200,"depth":169,"text":45304},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":45209,"depth":169,"text":45306},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":45218,"depth":169,"text":45308},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":45234,"depth":169,"text":45310},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":45243,"depth":169,"text":45312},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43951,"description":45314},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":45321,"title":42664,"body":45322,"description":46962,"extension":2697,"meta":46963,"navigation":272,"path":46964,"seo":46965,"stem":46966,"__hash__":46967},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45323,"toc":46928},[45324,45329,45334,45337,45339,45382,45387,45390,45395,45400,45403,45419,45421,45465,45467,45494,45496,45511,45513,45515,45517,45533,45535,45547,45550,45584,45587,45612,45617,45619,45624,45628,45631,45633,45681,45683,45716,45722,45733,45735,45787,45789,45820,45822,45826,45830,45873,45879,45885,45937,45945,45950,45954,46045,46047,46080,46083,46085,46145,46147,46173,46183,46185,46189,46194,46199,46201,46238,46240,46259,46262,46266,46269,46325,46337,46346,46348,46375,46383,46390,46394,46397,46434,46437,46443,46480,46482,46486,46492,46510,46515,46563,46567,46656,46659,46666,46668,46670,46675,46693,46695,46738,46744,46761,46763,46825,46827,46829,46835,46843,46849,46855,46864,46874,46878,46886,46888,46890,46925],[10,45325,13,45327,18],{"id":45326},"python-input-function-explained",[15,45328,3682],{},[20,45330,2714,45331,45333],{},[15,45332,3682],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,45335,45336],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[55,45338,58],{"id":57},[60,45340,45342],{"className":62,"code":45341,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,45343,45344,45363],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45345,45346,45348,45350,45352,45354,45356,45359,45361],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45347,8563],{"class":75},[69,45349,80],{"class":79},[69,45351,8929],{"class":128},[69,45353,132],{"class":83},[69,45355,871],{"class":699},[69,45357,45358],{"class":703},"Enter your name: ",[69,45360,871],{"class":699},[69,45362,166],{"class":83},[69,45364,45365,45367,45369,45371,45374,45376,45378,45380],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,45366,172],{"class":128},[69,45368,132],{"class":83},[69,45370,871],{"class":699},[69,45372,45373],{"class":703},"Hello, ",[69,45375,871],{"class":699},[69,45377,3180],{"class":79},[69,45379,36681],{"class":146},[69,45381,166],{"class":83},[20,45383,1378,45384,45386],{},[15,45385,3682],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45388,45389],"hr",{},[55,45391,202,45393,205],{"id":45392},"what-input-does",[15,45394,3682],{},[20,45396,45397,45399],{},[15,45398,3682],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,45401,45402],{},"Here is what happens:",[29,45404,45405,45410,45413,45416],{},[32,45406,45407,45409],{},[15,45408,3682],{}," waits for the user to type",[32,45411,45412],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[32,45414,45415],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[32,45417,45418],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,45420,234],{},[60,45422,45424],{"className":62,"code":45423,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45425,45426,45446],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45427,45428,45431,45433,45435,45437,45439,45442,45444],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45429,45430],{"class":75},"color ",[69,45432,80],{"class":79},[69,45434,8929],{"class":128},[69,45436,132],{"class":83},[69,45438,871],{"class":699},[69,45440,45441],{"class":703},"What is your favorite color? ",[69,45443,871],{"class":699},[69,45445,166],{"class":83},[69,45447,45448,45450,45452,45454,45457,45459,45461,45463],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,45449,172],{"class":128},[69,45451,132],{"class":83},[69,45453,871],{"class":699},[69,45455,45456],{"class":703},"Your favorite color is",[69,45458,871],{"class":699},[69,45460,91],{"class":83},[69,45462,36540],{"class":146},[69,45464,166],{"class":83},[20,45466,30718],{},[60,45468,45470],{"className":62,"code":45469,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45471,45472,45485],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45473,45474,45476,45478,45481,45483],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45475,202],{"class":75},[69,45477,12885],{"class":79},[69,45479,45480],{"class":75}," your favorite color",[69,45482,3218],{"class":38055},[69,45484,36570],{"class":75},[69,45486,45487,45490,45492],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,45488,45489],{"class":75},"Your favorite color ",[69,45491,12885],{"class":79},[69,45493,36570],{"class":75},[20,45495,20648],{},[29,45497,45498,45503,45508],{},[32,45499,45500,45501],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45502,45441],{},[32,45504,45505,45506],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45507,33581],{},[32,45509,45510],{},"That value is then printed",[45388,45512],{},[55,45514,2888],{"id":2887},[20,45516,7906],{},[60,45518,45520],{"className":62,"code":45519,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45521,45522],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45523,45524,45526,45528,45531],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45525,42933],{"class":128},[69,45527,132],{"class":83},[69,45529,45530],{"class":146},"prompt",[69,45532,166],{"class":83},[20,45534,12148],{},[29,45536,45537,45541,45544],{},[32,45538,2714,45539,20730],{},[15,45540,45530],{},[32,45542,45543],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[32,45545,45546],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45548,45549],{},"Example with a prompt:",[60,45551,45553],{"className":62,"code":45552,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45554,45555,45574],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45556,45557,45559,45561,45563,45565,45567,45570,45572],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45558,8648],{"class":75},[69,45560,80],{"class":79},[69,45562,8929],{"class":128},[69,45564,132],{"class":83},[69,45566,871],{"class":699},[69,45568,45569],{"class":703},"Enter your username: ",[69,45571,871],{"class":699},[69,45573,166],{"class":83},[69,45575,45576,45578,45580,45582],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,45577,172],{"class":128},[69,45579,132],{"class":83},[69,45581,8672],{"class":146},[69,45583,166],{"class":83},[20,45585,45586],{},"Example without a prompt:",[60,45588,45590],{"className":62,"code":45589,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45591,45592,45602],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45593,45594,45596,45598,45600],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45595,3173],{"class":75},[69,45597,80],{"class":79},[69,45599,8929],{"class":128},[69,45601,9329],{"class":83},[69,45603,45604,45606,45608,45610],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,45605,172],{"class":128},[69,45607,132],{"class":83},[69,45609,3198],{"class":146},[69,45611,166],{"class":83},[20,45613,8451,45614,45616],{},[15,45615,3682],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45388,45618],{},[55,45620,202,45622,12396],{"id":45621},"what-input-returns",[15,45623,3682],{},[20,45625,45626,8912],{},[15,45627,3682],{},[20,45629,45630],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45632,234],{},[60,45634,45636],{"className":62,"code":45635,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45637,45638,45657,45667],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45639,45640,45642,45644,45646,45648,45650,45653,45655],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45641,22318],{"class":75},[69,45643,80],{"class":79},[69,45645,8929],{"class":128},[69,45647,132],{"class":83},[69,45649,871],{"class":699},[69,45651,45652],{"class":703},"Enter your age: ",[69,45654,871],{"class":699},[69,45656,166],{"class":83},[69,45658,45659,45661,45663,45665],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,45660,172],{"class":128},[69,45662,132],{"class":83},[69,45664,9985],{"class":146},[69,45666,166],{"class":83},[69,45668,45669,45671,45673,45675,45677,45679],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,45670,172],{"class":128},[69,45672,132],{"class":83},[69,45674,641],{"class":177},[69,45676,132],{"class":83},[69,45678,9985],{"class":146},[69,45680,318],{"class":83},[20,45682,30718],{},[60,45684,45686],{"className":62,"code":45685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45687,45688,45698,45702],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45689,45690,45693,45695],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45691,45692],{"class":75},"Enter your age",[69,45694,143],{"class":83},[69,45696,45697],{"class":87}," 25\n",[69,45699,45700],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,45701,3435],{"class":87},[69,45703,45704,45706,45708,45710,45712,45714],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,45705,674],{"class":79},[69,45707,696],{"class":135},[69,45709,700],{"class":699},[69,45711,4164],{"class":703},[69,45713,706],{"class":699},[69,45715,689],{"class":79},[20,45717,45718,45719,45721],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45720,9880],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45723,45724,45725,394,45729,537],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[533,45726,45727],{"href":3600},[15,45728,3603],{},[533,45730,45731],{"href":3606},[15,45732,3609],{},[20,45734,234],{},[60,45736,45738],{"className":62,"code":45737,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45739,45740,45763,45773],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45741,45742,45744,45746,45749,45751,45753,45755,45757,45759,45761],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45743,22318],{"class":75},[69,45745,80],{"class":79},[69,45747,45748],{"class":177}," int",[69,45750,132],{"class":83},[69,45752,42933],{"class":128},[69,45754,132],{"class":83},[69,45756,871],{"class":699},[69,45758,45652],{"class":703},[69,45760,871],{"class":699},[69,45762,318],{"class":83},[69,45764,45765,45767,45769,45771],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,45766,172],{"class":128},[69,45768,132],{"class":83},[69,45770,9985],{"class":146},[69,45772,166],{"class":83},[69,45774,45775,45777,45779,45781,45783,45785],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,45776,172],{"class":128},[69,45778,132],{"class":83},[69,45780,641],{"class":177},[69,45782,132],{"class":83},[69,45784,9985],{"class":146},[69,45786,318],{"class":83},[20,45788,30718],{},[60,45790,45792],{"className":62,"code":45791,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45793,45794,45802,45806],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45795,45796,45798,45800],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45797,45692],{"class":75},[69,45799,143],{"class":83},[69,45801,45697],{"class":87},[69,45803,45804],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,45805,3435],{"class":87},[69,45807,45808,45810,45812,45814,45816,45818],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,45809,674],{"class":79},[69,45811,696],{"class":135},[69,45813,700],{"class":699},[69,45815,2919],{"class":703},[69,45817,706],{"class":699},[69,45819,689],{"class":79},[45388,45821],{},[55,45823,45825],{"id":45824},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[377,45827,45829],{"id":45828},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[60,45831,45833],{"className":62,"code":45832,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45834,45835,45854],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45836,45837,45839,45841,45843,45845,45847,45850,45852],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45838,8563],{"class":75},[69,45840,80],{"class":79},[69,45842,8929],{"class":128},[69,45844,132],{"class":83},[69,45846,871],{"class":699},[69,45848,45849],{"class":703},"What is your name? ",[69,45851,871],{"class":699},[69,45853,166],{"class":83},[69,45855,45856,45858,45860,45862,45865,45867,45869,45871],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,45857,172],{"class":128},[69,45859,132],{"class":83},[69,45861,871],{"class":699},[69,45863,45864],{"class":703},"Hello,",[69,45866,871],{"class":699},[69,45868,91],{"class":83},[69,45870,36681],{"class":146},[69,45872,166],{"class":83},[20,45874,45875,45876,45878],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45877,8356],{}," and prints it.",[377,45880,45882,45883],{"id":45881},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45884,3603],{},[60,45886,45888],{"className":62,"code":45887,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45889,45890,45913],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45891,45892,45894,45896,45898,45900,45902,45904,45906,45909,45911],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45893,22318],{"class":75},[69,45895,80],{"class":79},[69,45897,45748],{"class":177},[69,45899,132],{"class":83},[69,45901,42933],{"class":128},[69,45903,132],{"class":83},[69,45905,871],{"class":699},[69,45907,45908],{"class":703},"How old are you? ",[69,45910,871],{"class":699},[69,45912,318],{"class":83},[69,45914,45915,45917,45919,45921,45924,45926,45928,45931,45933,45935],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,45916,172],{"class":128},[69,45918,132],{"class":83},[69,45920,871],{"class":699},[69,45922,45923],{"class":703},"Next year you will be",[69,45925,871],{"class":699},[69,45927,91],{"class":83},[69,45929,45930],{"class":146}," age ",[69,45932,2792],{"class":79},[69,45934,1263],{"class":87},[69,45936,166],{"class":83},[20,45938,6757,45939,45941,45942,45944],{},[15,45940,3603],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45943,3682],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45946,45947,45948,537],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[533,45949,9667],{"href":9666},[377,45951,45953],{"id":45952},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[60,45955,45957],{"className":62,"code":45956,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45958,45959,45983,46007,46021,46025],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,45960,45961,45964,45966,45968,45970,45972,45974,45976,45979,45981],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,45962,45963],{"class":75},"num1 ",[69,45965,80],{"class":79},[69,45967,45748],{"class":177},[69,45969,132],{"class":83},[69,45971,42933],{"class":128},[69,45973,132],{"class":83},[69,45975,871],{"class":699},[69,45977,45978],{"class":703},"Enter the first number: ",[69,45980,871],{"class":699},[69,45982,318],{"class":83},[69,45984,45985,45988,45990,45992,45994,45996,45998,46000,46003,46005],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,45986,45987],{"class":75},"num2 ",[69,45989,80],{"class":79},[69,45991,45748],{"class":177},[69,45993,132],{"class":83},[69,45995,42933],{"class":128},[69,45997,132],{"class":83},[69,45999,871],{"class":699},[69,46001,46002],{"class":703},"Enter the second number: ",[69,46004,871],{"class":699},[69,46006,318],{"class":83},[69,46008,46009,46011,46013,46016,46018],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,46010,41652],{"class":75},[69,46012,80],{"class":79},[69,46014,46015],{"class":75}," num1 ",[69,46017,2792],{"class":79},[69,46019,46020],{"class":75}," num2\n",[69,46022,46023],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,46024,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,46026,46027,46029,46031,46033,46036,46038,46040,46043],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,46028,172],{"class":128},[69,46030,132],{"class":83},[69,46032,871],{"class":699},[69,46034,46035],{"class":703},"Total:",[69,46037,871],{"class":699},[69,46039,91],{"class":83},[69,46041,46042],{"class":146}," total",[69,46044,166],{"class":83},[20,46046,30718],{},[60,46048,46050],{"className":62,"code":46049,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,46051,46052,46062,46071],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,46053,46054,46057,46059],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,46055,46056],{"class":75},"Enter the first number",[69,46058,143],{"class":83},[69,46060,46061],{"class":87}," 2\n",[69,46063,46064,46067,46069],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,46065,46066],{"class":75},"Enter the second number",[69,46068,143],{"class":83},[69,46070,3303],{"class":87},[69,46072,46073,46076,46078],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,46074,46075],{"class":75},"Total",[69,46077,143],{"class":83},[69,46079,35533],{"class":87},[20,46081,46082],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,46084,234],{},[60,46086,46088],{"className":62,"code":46087,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,46089,46090,46108,46126,46130],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,46091,46092,46094,46096,46098,46100,46102,46104,46106],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,46093,45963],{"class":75},[69,46095,80],{"class":79},[69,46097,8929],{"class":128},[69,46099,132],{"class":83},[69,46101,871],{"class":699},[69,46103,45978],{"class":703},[69,46105,871],{"class":699},[69,46107,166],{"class":83},[69,46109,46110,46112,46114,46116,46118,46120,46122,46124],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,46111,45987],{"class":75},[69,46113,80],{"class":79},[69,46115,8929],{"class":128},[69,46117,132],{"class":83},[69,46119,871],{"class":699},[69,46121,46002],{"class":703},[69,46123,871],{"class":699},[69,46125,166],{"class":83},[69,46127,46128],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,46129,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,46131,46132,46134,46136,46138,46140,46143],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,46133,172],{"class":128},[69,46135,132],{"class":83},[69,46137,45963],{"class":146},[69,46139,2792],{"class":79},[69,46141,46142],{"class":146}," num2",[69,46144,166],{"class":83},[20,46146,30718],{},[60,46148,46150],{"className":62,"code":46149,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,46151,46152,46160,46168],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,46153,46154,46156,46158],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,46155,46056],{"class":75},[69,46157,143],{"class":83},[69,46159,46061],{"class":87},[69,46161,46162,46164,46166],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,46163,46066],{"class":75},[69,46165,143],{"class":83},[69,46167,3303],{"class":87},[69,46169,46170],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,46171,46172],{"class":87},"23\n",[20,46174,46175,46176,46179,46180,537],{},"That happens because ",[15,46177,46178],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,46181,46182],{},"\"23\"",[45388,46184],{},[55,46186,46188],{"id":46187},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,46190,46191,46192,537],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,46193,3682],{},[377,46195,5408,46197,42012],{"id":46196},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,46198,3682],{},[20,46200,1786],{},[60,46202,46204],{"className":62,"code":46203,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,46205,46206,46224],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,46207,46208,46210,46212,46214,46216,46218,46220,46222],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,46209,3173],{"class":75},[69,46211,80],{"class":79},[69,46213,8929],{"class":128},[69,46215,132],{"class":83},[69,46217,871],{"class":699},[69,46219,42341],{"class":703},[69,46221,871],{"class":699},[69,46223,166],{"class":83},[69,46225,46226,46228,46230,46232,46234,46236],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,46227,172],{"class":128},[69,46229,132],{"class":83},[69,46231,641],{"class":177},[69,46233,132],{"class":83},[69,46235,3198],{"class":146},[69,46237,318],{"class":83},[20,46239,321],{},[60,46241,46243],{"className":62,"code":46242,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,46244,46245],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,46246,46247,46249,46251,46253,46255,46257],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,46248,674],{"class":79},[69,46250,696],{"class":135},[69,46252,700],{"class":699},[69,46254,4164],{"class":703},[69,46256,706],{"class":699},[69,46258,689],{"class":79},[20,46260,46261],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[377,46263,46265],{"id":46264},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,46267,46268],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[60,46270,46272],{"className":62,"code":46271,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,46273,46274,46292,46311],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,46275,46276,46278,46280,46282,46284,46286,46288,46290],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,46277,3280],{"class":75},[69,46279,80],{"class":79},[69,46281,8929],{"class":128},[69,46283,132],{"class":83},[69,46285,871],{"class":699},[69,46287,42341],{"class":703},[69,46289,871],{"class":699},[69,46291,166],{"class":83},[69,46293,46294,46296,46298,46300,46302,46304,46307,46309],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,46295,3308],{"class":75},[69,46297,80],{"class":79},[69,46299,8929],{"class":128},[69,46301,132],{"class":83},[69,46303,871],{"class":699},[69,46305,46306],{"class":703},"Enter another number: ",[69,46308,871],{"class":699},[69,46310,166],{"class":83},[69,46312,46313,46315,46317,46319,46321,46323],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,46314,172],{"class":128},[69,46316,132],{"class":83},[69,46318,3280],{"class":146},[69,46320,2792],{"class":79},[69,46322,3285],{"class":146},[69,46324,166],{"class":83},[20,46326,41590,46327,5096,46329,46331,46332,19654,46335,537],{},[15,46328,334],{},[15,46330,2866],{},", the result is ",[15,46333,46334],{},"45",[15,46336,2874],{},[377,46338,46340,46341,46343,46344],{"id":46339},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,46342,41173],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,46345,3603],{},[20,46347,234],{},[60,46349,46351],{"className":62,"code":46350,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,46352,46353],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,46354,46355,46357,46359,46361,46363,46365,46367,46369,46371,46373],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,46356,22318],{"class":75},[69,46358,80],{"class":79},[69,46360,45748],{"class":177},[69,46362,132],{"class":83},[69,46364,42933],{"class":128},[69,46366,132],{"class":83},[69,46368,871],{"class":699},[69,46370,45652],{"class":703},[69,46372,871],{"class":699},[69,46374,318],{"class":83},[20,46376,8958,46377,46380,46381,537],{},[15,46378,46379],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,46382,41173],{},[20,46384,46385,46386,537],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[533,46387,46389],{"href":46388},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[377,46391,46393],{"id":46392},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,46395,46396],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[60,46398,46400],{"className":62,"code":46399,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,46401,46402,46420],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,46403,46404,46406,46408,46410,46412,46414,46416,46418],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,46405,8563],{"class":75},[69,46407,80],{"class":79},[69,46409,8929],{"class":128},[69,46411,132],{"class":83},[69,46413,871],{"class":699},[69,46415,45358],{"class":703},[69,46417,871],{"class":699},[69,46419,166],{"class":83},[69,46421,46422,46424,46426,46428,46430,46432],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,46423,172],{"class":128},[69,46425,132],{"class":83},[69,46427,42249],{"class":128},[69,46429,132],{"class":83},[69,46431,8356],{"class":146},[69,46433,318],{"class":83},[20,46435,46436],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,46438,46439,46440,143],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46441,46442],{},".strip()",[60,46444,46446],{"className":62,"code":46445,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46447,46448,46470],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,46449,46450,46452,46454,46456,46458,46460,46462,46464,46466,46468],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,46451,8563],{"class":75},[69,46453,80],{"class":79},[69,46455,8929],{"class":128},[69,46457,132],{"class":83},[69,46459,871],{"class":699},[69,46461,45358],{"class":703},[69,46463,871],{"class":699},[69,46465,9317],{"class":83},[69,46467,9320],{"class":146},[69,46469,9329],{"class":83},[69,46471,46472,46474,46476,46478],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,46473,172],{"class":128},[69,46475,132],{"class":83},[69,46477,8356],{"class":146},[69,46479,166],{"class":83},[45388,46481],{},[55,46483,46485],{"id":46484},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46487,46488,46489,46491],{},"These habits make ",[15,46490,3682],{}," easier and safer to use.",[29,46493,46494,46497,46502,46505],{},[32,46495,46496],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[32,46498,1378,46499,46501],{},[15,46500,46442],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[32,46503,46504],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[32,46506,1378,46507,46509],{},[15,46508,30470],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46511,46512,46513,143],{},"Example with ",[15,46514,46442],{},[60,46516,46518],{"className":62,"code":46517,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46519,46520,46544],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,46521,46522,46525,46527,46529,46531,46533,46536,46538,46540,46542],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,46523,46524],{"class":75},"city ",[69,46526,80],{"class":79},[69,46528,8929],{"class":128},[69,46530,132],{"class":83},[69,46532,871],{"class":699},[69,46534,46535],{"class":703},"Enter your city: ",[69,46537,871],{"class":699},[69,46539,9317],{"class":83},[69,46541,9320],{"class":146},[69,46543,9329],{"class":83},[69,46545,46546,46548,46550,46552,46555,46557,46559,46561],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,46547,172],{"class":128},[69,46549,132],{"class":83},[69,46551,871],{"class":699},[69,46553,46554],{"class":703},"City:",[69,46556,871],{"class":699},[69,46558,91],{"class":83},[69,46560,32074],{"class":146},[69,46562,166],{"class":83},[20,46564,46512,46565,143],{},[15,46566,30470],{},[60,46568,46570],{"className":62,"code":46569,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46571,46572,46578,46601,46633,46641],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,46573,46574,46576],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,46575,30492],{"class":1053},[69,46577,1579],{"class":83},[69,46579,46580,46583,46585,46587,46589,46591,46593,46595,46597,46599],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,46581,46582],{"class":75},"    age ",[69,46584,80],{"class":79},[69,46586,45748],{"class":177},[69,46588,132],{"class":83},[69,46590,42933],{"class":128},[69,46592,132],{"class":83},[69,46594,871],{"class":699},[69,46596,45652],{"class":703},[69,46598,871],{"class":699},[69,46600,318],{"class":83},[69,46602,46603,46605,46607,46609,46612,46614,46616,46618,46620,46622,46624,46626,46629,46631],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,46604,8756],{"class":128},[69,46606,132],{"class":83},[69,46608,871],{"class":699},[69,46610,46611],{"class":703},"You will be",[69,46613,871],{"class":699},[69,46615,91],{"class":83},[69,46617,45930],{"class":146},[69,46619,2792],{"class":79},[69,46621,1263],{"class":87},[69,46623,91],{"class":83},[69,46625,881],{"class":699},[69,46627,46628],{"class":703},"next year",[69,46630,871],{"class":699},[69,46632,166],{"class":83},[69,46634,46635,46637,46639],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,46636,30523],{"class":1053},[69,46638,42396],{"class":177},[69,46640,1579],{"class":83},[69,46642,46643,46645,46647,46649,46652,46654],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,46644,8756],{"class":128},[69,46646,132],{"class":83},[69,46648,871],{"class":699},[69,46650,46651],{"class":703},"Please enter a whole number.",[69,46653,871],{"class":699},[69,46655,166],{"class":83},[20,46657,46658],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46660,46661,46662,537],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[533,46663,46665],{"href":46664},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45388,46667],{},[55,46669,1771],{"id":1770},[20,46671,46672,46673,143],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46674,3682],{},[29,46676,46677,46684,46687,46690],{},[32,46678,46679,46680,394,46682],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46681,3603],{},[15,46683,3609],{},[32,46685,46686],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[32,46688,46689],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[32,46691,46692],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46694,32772],{},[60,46696,46698],{"className":62,"code":46697,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46699,46700,46710,46724],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,46701,46702,46704,46706,46708],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,46703,172],{"class":128},[69,46705,132],{"class":83},[69,46707,3198],{"class":146},[69,46709,166],{"class":83},[69,46711,46712,46714,46716,46718,46720,46722],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,46713,172],{"class":128},[69,46715,132],{"class":83},[69,46717,641],{"class":177},[69,46719,132],{"class":83},[69,46721,3198],{"class":146},[69,46723,318],{"class":83},[69,46725,46726,46728,46730,46732,46734,46736],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,46727,172],{"class":128},[69,46729,132],{"class":83},[69,46731,42249],{"class":128},[69,46733,132],{"class":83},[69,46735,3198],{"class":146},[69,46737,318],{"class":83},[20,46739,46740,46741,46743],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46742,3682],{}," actually returned:",[29,46745,46746,46751,46756],{},[32,46747,46748,46750],{},[15,46749,42297],{}," shows the value",[32,46752,46753,46755],{},[15,46754,42303],{}," shows the data type",[32,46757,46758,46760],{},[15,46759,42308],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46762,234],{},[60,46764,46766],{"className":62,"code":46765,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46767,46768,46787,46797,46811],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,46769,46770,46772,46774,46776,46778,46780,46783,46785],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,46771,3173],{"class":75},[69,46773,80],{"class":79},[69,46775,8929],{"class":128},[69,46777,132],{"class":83},[69,46779,871],{"class":699},[69,46781,46782],{"class":703},"Enter something: ",[69,46784,871],{"class":699},[69,46786,166],{"class":83},[69,46788,46789,46791,46793,46795],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,46790,172],{"class":128},[69,46792,132],{"class":83},[69,46794,3198],{"class":146},[69,46796,166],{"class":83},[69,46798,46799,46801,46803,46805,46807,46809],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,46800,172],{"class":128},[69,46802,132],{"class":83},[69,46804,641],{"class":177},[69,46806,132],{"class":83},[69,46808,3198],{"class":146},[69,46810,318],{"class":83},[69,46812,46813,46815,46817,46819,46821,46823],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,46814,172],{"class":128},[69,46816,132],{"class":83},[69,46818,42249],{"class":128},[69,46820,132],{"class":83},[69,46822,3198],{"class":146},[69,46824,318],{"class":83},[45388,46826],{},[55,46828,2519],{"id":2518},[377,46830,2523,46832,46834],{"id":46831},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46833,3682],{}," return an integer?",[20,46836,46837,46838,46840,46841,2532],{},"No. ",[15,46839,3682],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46842,3603],{},[377,46844,46846,46847,3218],{"id":46845},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46848,3682],{},[20,46850,46851,46852,46854],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46853,3682],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[377,46856,5859,46858,46861,46862,3218],{"id":46857},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46859,46860],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46863,3682],{},[20,46865,29749,46866,46868,46869,42625,46871,46873],{},[15,46867,3682],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46870,46178],{},[15,46872,46182],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[377,46875,46877],{"id":46876},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46879,1378,46880,46882,46883,537],{},[15,46881,46442],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46884,46885],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45388,46887],{},[55,46889,2620],{"id":2619},[29,46891,46892,46897,46901,46907,46913,46917],{},[32,46893,46894],{},[533,46895,46896],{"href":46664},"How to get user input in Python",[32,46898,46899],{},[533,46900,9744],{"href":9666},[32,46902,46903],{},[533,46904,13,46905,2515],{"href":3600},[15,46906,3603],{},[32,46908,46909],{},[533,46910,13,46911,2515],{"href":3606},[15,46912,3609],{},[32,46914,46915],{},[533,46916,46389],{"href":46388},[32,46918,46919],{},[533,46920,13,46922,2515],{"href":46921},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46923,46924],{},"print()",[2650,46926,46927],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":46929},[46930,46931,46933,46934,46936,46942,46950,46951,46952,46961],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":45392,"depth":120,"text":46932},"What input() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":45621,"depth":120,"text":46935},"What input() returns",{"id":45824,"depth":120,"text":45825,"children":46937},[46938,46939,46941],{"id":45828,"depth":169,"text":45829},{"id":45881,"depth":169,"text":46940},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45952,"depth":169,"text":45953},{"id":46187,"depth":120,"text":46188,"children":46943},[46944,46946,46947,46949],{"id":46196,"depth":169,"text":46945},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":46264,"depth":169,"text":46265},{"id":46339,"depth":169,"text":46948},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46392,"depth":169,"text":46393},{"id":46484,"depth":120,"text":46485},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":46953},[46954,46956,46958,46960],{"id":46831,"depth":169,"text":46955},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46845,"depth":169,"text":46957},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46857,"depth":169,"text":46959},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46876,"depth":169,"text":46877},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42664,"description":46962},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46969,"title":42566,"body":46970,"description":49283,"extension":2697,"meta":49284,"navigation":272,"path":49285,"seo":49286,"stem":49287,"__hash__":49288},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46971,"toc":49235},[46972,46977,46982,46987,47008,47011,47013,47073,47075,47094,47099,47104,47109,47111,47124,47126,47209,47211,47252,47258,47260,47290,47296,47299,47316,47318,47370,47372,47390,47396,47402,47405,47423,47425,47498,47500,47519,47526,47532,47537,47540,47600,47602,47621,47624,47627,47642,47648,47652,47713,47715,47736,47740,47869,47871,48001,48011,48017,48023,48031,48097,48099,48124,48127,48144,48157,48163,48166,48199,48201,48214,48217,48260,48262,48270,48277,48281,48288,48292,48319,48321,48329,48335,48352,48357,48361,48388,48390,48398,48402,48407,48410,48436,48439,48448,48456,48460,48470,48474,48477,48479,48530,48532,48562,48572,48599,48601,48609,48619,48623,48626,48628,48676,48678,48722,48728,48779,48781,48800,48805,48810,48813,48832,48835,48887,48889,48898,48900,48904,48908,48911,48920,48927,48929,48956,48960,48962,48971,48974,48981,48987,49047,49051,49053,49061,49064,49090,49096,49099,49119,49121,49130,49138,49140,49146,49151,49158,49168,49174,49182,49186,49189,49191,49232],[10,46973,13,46975,18],{"id":46974},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46976,3603],{},[20,46978,33007,46979,46981],{},[15,46980,3603],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46983,36094,46984,46986],{},[15,46985,3603],{}," when they want to:",[29,46988,46989,46999,47002,47005],{},[32,46990,46991,46992,46995,46996],{},"turn text like ",[15,46993,46994],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46997,46998],{},"42",[32,47000,47001],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[32,47003,47004],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[32,47006,47007],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,47009,47010],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[55,47012,58],{"id":57},[60,47014,47016],{"className":62,"code":47015,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47017,47018,47036,47050],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47019,47020,47022,47024,47026,47028,47030,47032,47034],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47021,172],{"class":128},[69,47023,132],{"class":83},[69,47025,2919],{"class":177},[69,47027,132],{"class":83},[69,47029,871],{"class":699},[69,47031,46998],{"class":703},[69,47033,871],{"class":699},[69,47035,318],{"class":83},[69,47037,47038,47040,47042,47044,47046,47048],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,47039,172],{"class":128},[69,47041,132],{"class":83},[69,47043,2919],{"class":177},[69,47045,132],{"class":83},[69,47047,42454],{"class":87},[69,47049,318],{"class":83},[69,47051,47052,47054,47056,47058,47060,47062,47065,47067,47069,47071],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,47053,172],{"class":128},[69,47055,132],{"class":83},[69,47057,2919],{"class":177},[69,47059,132],{"class":83},[69,47061,871],{"class":699},[69,47063,47064],{"class":703},"101",[69,47066,871],{"class":699},[69,47068,91],{"class":83},[69,47070,94],{"class":87},[69,47072,318],{"class":83},[20,47074,321],{},[60,47076,47078],{"className":62,"code":47077,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,47079,47080,47085,47090],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47081,47082],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47083,47084],{"class":87},"42\n",[69,47086,47087],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,47088,47089],{"class":87},"3\n",[69,47091,47092],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,47093,3671],{"class":87},[20,47095,1378,47096,47098],{},[15,47097,3603],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[55,47100,202,47102,205],{"id":47101},"what-int-does",[15,47103,3603],{},[20,47105,47106,47108],{},[15,47107,3603],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,47110,13744],{},[29,47112,47113,47118,47121],{},[32,47114,47115,47116,1216],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,47117,2919],{},[32,47119,47120],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[32,47122,47123],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,47125,234],{},[60,47127,47129],{"className":62,"code":47128,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,47130,47131,47143,47157,47161,47171,47181,47195],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47132,47133,47135,47137,47139,47141],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47134,35378],{"class":75},[69,47136,80],{"class":79},[69,47138,881],{"class":699},[69,47140,9880],{"class":703},[69,47142,4079],{"class":699},[69,47144,47145,47147,47149,47151,47153,47155],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,47146,1700],{"class":75},[69,47148,80],{"class":79},[69,47150,45748],{"class":177},[69,47152,132],{"class":83},[69,47154,35399],{"class":146},[69,47156,166],{"class":83},[69,47158,47159],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,47160,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,47162,47163,47165,47167,47169],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,47164,172],{"class":128},[69,47166,132],{"class":83},[69,47168,35399],{"class":146},[69,47170,166],{"class":83},[69,47172,47173,47175,47177,47179],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,47174,172],{"class":128},[69,47176,132],{"class":83},[69,47178,1045],{"class":146},[69,47180,166],{"class":83},[69,47182,47183,47185,47187,47189,47191,47193],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,47184,172],{"class":128},[69,47186,132],{"class":83},[69,47188,641],{"class":177},[69,47190,132],{"class":83},[69,47192,35399],{"class":146},[69,47194,318],{"class":83},[69,47196,47197,47199,47201,47203,47205,47207],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,47198,172],{"class":128},[69,47200,132],{"class":83},[69,47202,641],{"class":177},[69,47204,132],{"class":83},[69,47206,1045],{"class":146},[69,47208,318],{"class":83},[20,47210,321],{},[60,47212,47214],{"className":62,"code":47213,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,47215,47216,47220,47224,47238],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47217,47218],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47219,3435],{"class":87},[69,47221,47222],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,47223,3435],{"class":87},[69,47225,47226,47228,47230,47232,47234,47236],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,47227,674],{"class":79},[69,47229,696],{"class":135},[69,47231,700],{"class":699},[69,47233,4164],{"class":703},[69,47235,706],{"class":699},[69,47237,689],{"class":79},[69,47239,47240,47242,47244,47246,47248,47250],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,47241,674],{"class":79},[69,47243,696],{"class":135},[69,47245,700],{"class":699},[69,47247,2919],{"class":703},[69,47249,706],{"class":699},[69,47251,689],{"class":79},[20,47253,47254,47255,47257],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,47256,3603],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[55,47259,2888],{"id":2887},[60,47261,47263],{"className":62,"code":47262,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,47264,47265,47275],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47266,47267,47269,47271,47273],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47268,2919],{"class":177},[69,47270,132],{"class":83},[69,47272,2904],{"class":146},[69,47274,166],{"class":83},[69,47276,47277,47279,47281,47283,47285,47288],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,47278,2919],{"class":177},[69,47280,132],{"class":83},[69,47282,2904],{"class":146},[69,47284,91],{"class":83},[69,47286,47287],{"class":146}," base",[69,47289,166],{"class":83},[377,47291,47293],{"id":47292},"intx",[15,47294,47295],{},"int(x)",[20,47297,47298],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[29,47300,47301,47306,47311],{},[32,47302,47303,47304],{},"a string such as ",[15,47305,42596],{},[32,47307,47308,47309],{},"a float such as ",[15,47310,42454],{},[32,47312,47313,47314],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,47315,224],{},[20,47317,234],{},[60,47319,47321],{"className":62,"code":47320,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,47322,47323,47341,47356],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47324,47325,47327,47329,47331,47333,47335,47337,47339],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47326,172],{"class":128},[69,47328,132],{"class":83},[69,47330,2919],{"class":177},[69,47332,132],{"class":83},[69,47334,871],{"class":699},[69,47336,444],{"class":703},[69,47338,871],{"class":699},[69,47340,318],{"class":83},[69,47342,47343,47345,47347,47349,47351,47354],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,47344,172],{"class":128},[69,47346,132],{"class":83},[69,47348,2919],{"class":177},[69,47350,132],{"class":83},[69,47352,47353],{"class":87},"8.7",[69,47355,318],{"class":83},[69,47357,47358,47360,47362,47364,47366,47368],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,47359,172],{"class":128},[69,47361,132],{"class":83},[69,47363,2919],{"class":177},[69,47365,132],{"class":83},[69,47367,224],{"class":1203},[69,47369,318],{"class":83},[20,47371,321],{},[60,47373,47375],{"className":62,"code":47374,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,47376,47377,47381,47385],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47378,47379],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47380,3103],{"class":87},[69,47382,47383],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,47384,3108],{"class":87},[69,47386,47387],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,47388,47389],{"class":87},"1\n",[377,47391,47393],{"id":47392},"intx-base",[15,47394,47395],{},"int(x, base)",[20,47397,47398,47399,47401],{},"Use this form when ",[15,47400,2904],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,47403,47404],{},"Common bases:",[29,47406,47407,47412,47417],{},[32,47408,47409,47411],{},[15,47410,1155],{}," for binary",[32,47413,47414,47416],{},[15,47415,3072],{}," for octal",[32,47418,47419,47422],{},[15,47420,47421],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,47424,234],{},[60,47426,47428],{"className":62,"code":47427,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47429,47430,47452,47475],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47431,47432,47434,47436,47438,47440,47442,47444,47446,47448,47450],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47433,172],{"class":128},[69,47435,132],{"class":83},[69,47437,2919],{"class":177},[69,47439,132],{"class":83},[69,47441,871],{"class":699},[69,47443,47064],{"class":703},[69,47445,871],{"class":699},[69,47447,91],{"class":83},[69,47449,94],{"class":87},[69,47451,318],{"class":83},[69,47453,47454,47456,47458,47460,47462,47464,47467,47469,47471,47473],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,47455,172],{"class":128},[69,47457,132],{"class":83},[69,47459,2919],{"class":177},[69,47461,132],{"class":83},[69,47463,871],{"class":699},[69,47465,47466],{"class":703},"17",[69,47468,871],{"class":699},[69,47470,91],{"class":83},[69,47472,2504],{"class":87},[69,47474,318],{"class":83},[69,47476,47477,47479,47481,47483,47485,47487,47490,47492,47494,47496],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,47478,172],{"class":128},[69,47480,132],{"class":83},[69,47482,2919],{"class":177},[69,47484,132],{"class":83},[69,47486,871],{"class":699},[69,47488,47489],{"class":703},"1A",[69,47491,871],{"class":699},[69,47493,91],{"class":83},[69,47495,14680],{"class":87},[69,47497,318],{"class":83},[20,47499,321],{},[60,47501,47503],{"className":62,"code":47502,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47504,47505,47509,47514],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47506,47507],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47508,3671],{"class":87},[69,47510,47511],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,47512,47513],{"class":87},"15\n",[69,47515,47516],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,47517,47518],{"class":87},"26\n",[20,47520,47521,47522,537],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[533,47523,47524,3030],{"href":3606},[15,47525,3609],{},[55,47527,840,47529,47531],{"id":47528},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47530,3603],{}," with strings",[20,47533,47534,47536],{},[15,47535,3603],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47538,47539],{},"Examples that work:",[60,47541,47543],{"className":62,"code":47542,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47544,47545,47563,47581],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47546,47547,47549,47551,47553,47555,47557,47559,47561],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47548,172],{"class":128},[69,47550,132],{"class":83},[69,47552,2919],{"class":177},[69,47554,132],{"class":83},[69,47556,871],{"class":699},[69,47558,2866],{"class":703},[69,47560,871],{"class":699},[69,47562,318],{"class":83},[69,47564,47565,47567,47569,47571,47573,47575,47577,47579],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,47566,172],{"class":128},[69,47568,132],{"class":83},[69,47570,2919],{"class":177},[69,47572,132],{"class":83},[69,47574,871],{"class":699},[69,47576,3019],{"class":703},[69,47578,871],{"class":699},[69,47580,318],{"class":83},[69,47582,47583,47585,47587,47589,47591,47593,47596,47598],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,47584,172],{"class":128},[69,47586,132],{"class":83},[69,47588,2919],{"class":177},[69,47590,132],{"class":83},[69,47592,871],{"class":699},[69,47594,47595],{"class":703},"  42  ",[69,47597,871],{"class":699},[69,47599,318],{"class":83},[20,47601,321],{},[60,47603,47605],{"className":62,"code":47604,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47606,47607,47611,47617],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47608,47609],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47610,3671],{"class":87},[69,47612,47613,47615],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,47614,1972],{"class":79},[69,47616,2954],{"class":87},[69,47618,47619],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,47620,47084],{"class":87},[20,47622,47623],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47625,47626],{},"Examples that fail:",[60,47628,47630],{"className":62,"code":47629,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47631,47632,47637],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47633,47634],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47635,47636],{"class":189},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[69,47638,47639],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,47640,47641],{"class":189},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47643,47644,47645,47647],{},"These raise ",[15,47646,41173],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[377,47649,47651],{"id":47650},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[60,47653,47655],{"className":62,"code":47654,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47656,47657,47675,47694],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47658,47659,47661,47663,47665,47667,47669,47671,47673],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47660,172],{"class":128},[69,47662,132],{"class":83},[69,47664,2919],{"class":177},[69,47666,132],{"class":83},[69,47668,871],{"class":699},[69,47670,1226],{"class":703},[69,47672,871],{"class":699},[69,47674,318],{"class":83},[69,47676,47677,47679,47681,47683,47685,47687,47690,47692],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,47678,172],{"class":128},[69,47680,132],{"class":83},[69,47682,2919],{"class":177},[69,47684,132],{"class":83},[69,47686,871],{"class":699},[69,47688,47689],{"class":703},"+7",[69,47691,871],{"class":699},[69,47693,318],{"class":83},[69,47695,47696,47698,47700,47702,47704,47706,47709,47711],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,47697,172],{"class":128},[69,47699,132],{"class":83},[69,47701,2919],{"class":177},[69,47703,132],{"class":83},[69,47705,871],{"class":699},[69,47707,47708],{"class":703},"-100",[69,47710,871],{"class":699},[69,47712,318],{"class":83},[20,47714,321],{},[60,47716,47718],{"className":62,"code":47717,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47719,47720,47725,47729],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47721,47722],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47723,47724],{"class":87},"0\n",[69,47726,47727],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,47728,2811],{"class":87},[69,47730,47731,47733],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,47732,1972],{"class":79},[69,47734,47735],{"class":87},"100\n",[377,47737,47739],{"id":47738},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[60,47741,47743],{"className":62,"code":47742,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47744,47745,47783,47787,47799,47806,47821,47836],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47746,47747,47749,47751,47753,47755,47757,47759,47761,47763,47766,47768,47770,47772,47774,47776,47779,47781],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47748,4536],{"class":75},[69,47750,80],{"class":79},[69,47752,84],{"class":83},[69,47754,871],{"class":699},[69,47756,40612],{"class":703},[69,47758,871],{"class":699},[69,47760,91],{"class":83},[69,47762,881],{"class":699},[69,47764,47765],{"class":703},"12abc",[69,47767,871],{"class":699},[69,47769,91],{"class":83},[69,47771,1268],{"class":699},[69,47773,91],{"class":83},[69,47775,881],{"class":699},[69,47777,47778],{"class":703},"seven",[69,47780,871],{"class":699},[69,47782,117],{"class":83},[69,47784,47785],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,47786,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,47788,47789,47791,47793,47795,47797],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,47790,1514],{"class":1053},[69,47792,22274],{"class":75},[69,47794,1574],{"class":1053},[69,47796,4594],{"class":75},[69,47798,1579],{"class":83},[69,47800,47801,47804],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,47802,47803],{"class":1053},"    try",[69,47805,1579],{"class":83},[69,47807,47808,47811,47813,47815,47817,47819],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,47809,47810],{"class":128},"        print",[69,47812,132],{"class":83},[69,47814,2919],{"class":177},[69,47816,132],{"class":83},[69,47818,3198],{"class":146},[69,47820,318],{"class":83},[69,47822,47823,47826,47828,47831,47834],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,47824,47825],{"class":1053},"    except",[69,47827,42396],{"class":177},[69,47829,47830],{"class":1053}," as",[69,47832,47833],{"class":75}," error",[69,47835,1579],{"class":83},[69,47837,47838,47840,47842,47844,47846,47848,47850,47853,47855,47858,47860,47863,47865,47867],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,47839,47810],{"class":128},[69,47841,132],{"class":83},[69,47843,22983],{"class":135},[69,47845,871],{"class":703},[69,47847,9964],{"class":87},[69,47849,3198],{"class":146},[69,47851,47852],{"class":135},"!r",[69,47854,22992],{"class":87},[69,47856,47857],{"class":703}," -> ",[69,47859,9964],{"class":87},[69,47861,47862],{"class":146},"error",[69,47864,22992],{"class":87},[69,47866,871],{"class":703},[69,47868,166],{"class":83},[20,47870,321],{},[60,47872,47874],{"className":62,"code":47873,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47875,47876,47912,47944,47969],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,47877,47878,47880,47882,47884,47887,47890,47892,47894,47896,47899,47902,47904,47906,47908,47910],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,47879,706],{"class":43799},[69,47881,40612],{"class":43803},[69,47883,706],{"class":43799},[69,47885,47886],{"class":38055}," ->",[69,47888,47889],{"class":75}," invalid literal ",[69,47891,1514],{"class":1053},[69,47893,45748],{"class":177},[69,47895,8053],{"class":83},[69,47897,47898],{"class":1053}," with",[69,47900,47901],{"class":75}," base ",[69,47903,444],{"class":87},[69,47905,143],{"class":83},[69,47907,700],{"class":699},[69,47909,40612],{"class":703},[69,47911,30388],{"class":699},[69,47913,47914,47916,47918,47920,47922,47924,47926,47928,47930,47932,47934,47936,47938,47940,47942],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,47915,706],{"class":699},[69,47917,47765],{"class":703},[69,47919,706],{"class":699},[69,47921,47886],{"class":38055},[69,47923,47889],{"class":75},[69,47925,1514],{"class":1053},[69,47927,45748],{"class":177},[69,47929,8053],{"class":83},[69,47931,47898],{"class":1053},[69,47933,47901],{"class":75},[69,47935,444],{"class":87},[69,47937,143],{"class":83},[69,47939,700],{"class":699},[69,47941,47765],{"class":703},[69,47943,30388],{"class":699},[69,47945,47946,47948,47950,47952,47954,47956,47958,47960,47962,47964,47966],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,47947,1231],{"class":699},[69,47949,47886],{"class":38055},[69,47951,47889],{"class":75},[69,47953,1514],{"class":1053},[69,47955,45748],{"class":177},[69,47957,8053],{"class":83},[69,47959,47898],{"class":1053},[69,47961,47901],{"class":75},[69,47963,444],{"class":87},[69,47965,143],{"class":83},[69,47967,47968],{"class":699}," ''\n",[69,47970,47971,47973,47975,47977,47979,47981,47983,47985,47987,47989,47991,47993,47995,47997,47999],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,47972,706],{"class":699},[69,47974,47778],{"class":703},[69,47976,706],{"class":699},[69,47978,47886],{"class":38055},[69,47980,47889],{"class":75},[69,47982,1514],{"class":1053},[69,47984,45748],{"class":177},[69,47986,8053],{"class":83},[69,47988,47898],{"class":1053},[69,47990,47901],{"class":75},[69,47992,444],{"class":87},[69,47994,143],{"class":83},[69,47996,700],{"class":699},[69,47998,47778],{"class":703},[69,48000,30388],{"class":699},[20,48002,48003,48004,48006,48007,537],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[533,48005,9667],{"href":9666}," and the ",[533,48008,48009,3030],{"href":8906},[15,48010,3682],{},[55,48012,840,48014,48016],{"id":48013},"using-int-with-floats",[15,48015,3603],{}," with floats",[20,48018,48019,48020,48022],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,48021,3603],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,48024,48025,48026,14746,48028,48030],{},"Important: ",[15,48027,3603],{},[42,48029,5334],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[60,48032,48034],{"className":62,"code":48033,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,48035,48036,48050,48065,48081],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48037,48038,48040,48042,48044,48046,48048],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48039,172],{"class":128},[69,48041,132],{"class":83},[69,48043,2919],{"class":177},[69,48045,132],{"class":83},[69,48047,42454],{"class":87},[69,48049,318],{"class":83},[69,48051,48052,48054,48056,48058,48060,48063],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,48053,172],{"class":128},[69,48055,132],{"class":83},[69,48057,2919],{"class":177},[69,48059,132],{"class":83},[69,48061,48062],{"class":87},"3.1",[69,48064,318],{"class":83},[69,48066,48067,48069,48071,48073,48075,48077,48079],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,48068,172],{"class":128},[69,48070,132],{"class":83},[69,48072,2919],{"class":177},[69,48074,132],{"class":83},[69,48076,1972],{"class":79},[69,48078,42454],{"class":87},[69,48080,318],{"class":83},[69,48082,48083,48085,48087,48089,48091,48093,48095],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,48084,172],{"class":128},[69,48086,132],{"class":83},[69,48088,2919],{"class":177},[69,48090,132],{"class":83},[69,48092,1972],{"class":79},[69,48094,48062],{"class":87},[69,48096,318],{"class":83},[20,48098,321],{},[60,48100,48102],{"className":62,"code":48101,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,48103,48104,48108,48112,48118],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48105,48106],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48107,47089],{"class":87},[69,48109,48110],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,48111,47089],{"class":87},[69,48113,48114,48116],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,48115,1972],{"class":79},[69,48117,47089],{"class":87},[69,48119,48120,48122],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,48121,1972],{"class":79},[69,48123,47089],{"class":87},[20,48125,48126],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[29,48128,48129,48136],{},[32,48130,48131,42625,48134],{},[15,48132,48133],{},"int(3.9)",[15,48135,346],{},[32,48137,48138,42625,48141],{},[15,48139,48140],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,48142,48143],{},"-3",[20,48145,48146,48147,48151,48152,537],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[533,48148,48149],{"href":3606},[15,48150,3609],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[533,48153,48154],{"href":42645},[15,48155,48156],{},"str()",[55,48158,840,48160,48162],{"id":48159},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,48161,3603],{}," with booleans",[20,48164,48165],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[60,48167,48169],{"className":62,"code":48168,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,48170,48171,48185],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48172,48173,48175,48177,48179,48181,48183],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48174,172],{"class":128},[69,48176,132],{"class":83},[69,48178,2919],{"class":177},[69,48180,132],{"class":83},[69,48182,224],{"class":1203},[69,48184,318],{"class":83},[69,48186,48187,48189,48191,48193,48195,48197],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,48188,172],{"class":128},[69,48190,132],{"class":83},[69,48192,2919],{"class":177},[69,48194,132],{"class":83},[69,48196,230],{"class":1203},[69,48198,318],{"class":83},[20,48200,321],{},[60,48202,48204],{"className":62,"code":48203,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"1\n0\n",[15,48205,48206,48210],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48207,48208],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48209,47389],{"class":87},[69,48211,48212],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,48213,47724],{"class":87},[20,48215,48216],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[60,48218,48220],{"className":62,"code":48219,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,48221,48222,48231,48246,48250],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48223,48224,48227,48229],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48225,48226],{"class":75},"passed ",[69,48228,80],{"class":79},[69,48230,7112],{"class":1203},[69,48232,48233,48235,48237,48239,48241,48244],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,48234,41652],{"class":75},[69,48236,80],{"class":79},[69,48238,45748],{"class":177},[69,48240,132],{"class":83},[69,48242,48243],{"class":146},"passed",[69,48245,166],{"class":83},[69,48247,48248],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,48249,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,48251,48252,48254,48256,48258],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,48253,172],{"class":128},[69,48255,132],{"class":83},[69,48257,41681],{"class":146},[69,48259,166],{"class":83},[20,48261,321],{},[60,48263,48264],{"className":62,"code":47389,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,48265,48266],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48267,48268],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48269,47389],{"class":87},[20,48271,48272,48273,537],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[533,48274,48275,3030],{"href":6478},[15,48276,4526],{},[55,48278,48280],{"id":48279},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,48282,48283,48284,48287],{},"Use the ",[15,48285,48286],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[377,48289,48291],{"id":48290},"binary-example","Binary example",[60,48293,48295],{"className":62,"code":48294,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,48296,48297],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48298,48299,48301,48303,48305,48307,48309,48311,48313,48315,48317],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48300,172],{"class":128},[69,48302,132],{"class":83},[69,48304,2919],{"class":177},[69,48306,132],{"class":83},[69,48308,871],{"class":699},[69,48310,47064],{"class":703},[69,48312,871],{"class":699},[69,48314,91],{"class":83},[69,48316,94],{"class":87},[69,48318,318],{"class":83},[20,48320,321],{},[60,48322,48323],{"className":62,"code":3671,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,48324,48325],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48326,48327],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48328,3671],{"class":87},[20,48330,48331,48334],{},[15,48332,48333],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[29,48336,48337,48342,48347],{},[32,48338,48339],{},[15,48340,48341],{},"1 × 4",[32,48343,48344],{},[15,48345,48346],{},"0 × 2",[32,48348,48349],{},[15,48350,48351],{},"1 × 1",[20,48353,48354,48355,537],{},"So the result is ",[15,48356,2866],{},[377,48358,48360],{"id":48359},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[60,48362,48364],{"className":62,"code":48363,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,48365,48366],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48367,48368,48370,48372,48374,48376,48378,48380,48382,48384,48386],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48369,172],{"class":128},[69,48371,132],{"class":83},[69,48373,2919],{"class":177},[69,48375,132],{"class":83},[69,48377,871],{"class":699},[69,48379,47489],{"class":703},[69,48381,871],{"class":699},[69,48383,91],{"class":83},[69,48385,14680],{"class":87},[69,48387,318],{"class":83},[20,48389,321],{},[60,48391,48392],{"className":62,"code":47518,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,48393,48394],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48395,48396],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48397,47518],{"class":87},[377,48399,48401],{"id":48400},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,48403,2714,48404,48406],{},[15,48405,48286],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,48408,48409],{},"Good:",[60,48411,48412],{"className":62,"code":48294,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,48413,48414],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48415,48416,48418,48420,48422,48424,48426,48428,48430,48432,48434],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48417,172],{"class":128},[69,48419,132],{"class":83},[69,48421,2919],{"class":177},[69,48423,132],{"class":83},[69,48425,871],{"class":699},[69,48427,47064],{"class":703},[69,48429,871],{"class":699},[69,48431,91],{"class":83},[69,48433,94],{"class":87},[69,48435,318],{"class":83},[20,48437,48438],{},"Not correct:",[60,48440,48442],{"className":62,"code":48441,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,48443,48444],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48445,48446],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48447,48441],{"class":189},[20,48449,48450,48451,9287,48453,48455],{},"That causes a ",[15,48452,3728],{},[15,48454,48286],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[55,48457,48459],{"id":48458},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,48461,48462,48463,48465,48466,5096,48468,537],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48464,3603],{}," are ",[15,48467,41173],{},[15,48469,3728],{},[377,48471,48472],{"id":41983},[15,48473,41173],{},[20,48475,48476],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48478,234],{},[60,48480,48482],{"className":62,"code":48481,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48483,48484,48490,48508,48520],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48485,48486,48488],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48487,30492],{"class":1053},[69,48489,1579],{"class":83},[69,48491,48492,48494,48496,48498,48500,48502,48504,48506],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,48493,8756],{"class":128},[69,48495,132],{"class":83},[69,48497,2919],{"class":177},[69,48499,132],{"class":83},[69,48501,871],{"class":699},[69,48503,40612],{"class":703},[69,48505,871],{"class":699},[69,48507,318],{"class":83},[69,48509,48510,48512,48514,48516,48518],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,48511,30523],{"class":1053},[69,48513,42396],{"class":177},[69,48515,47830],{"class":1053},[69,48517,47833],{"class":75},[69,48519,1579],{"class":83},[69,48521,48522,48524,48526,48528],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,48523,8756],{"class":128},[69,48525,132],{"class":83},[69,48527,47862],{"class":146},[69,48529,166],{"class":83},[20,48531,321],{},[60,48533,48535],{"className":62,"code":48534,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48536,48537],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48538,48539,48542,48544,48546,48548,48550,48552,48554,48556,48558,48560],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48540,48541],{"class":75},"invalid literal ",[69,48543,1514],{"class":1053},[69,48545,45748],{"class":177},[69,48547,8053],{"class":83},[69,48549,47898],{"class":1053},[69,48551,47901],{"class":75},[69,48553,444],{"class":87},[69,48555,143],{"class":83},[69,48557,700],{"class":699},[69,48559,40612],{"class":703},[69,48561,30388],{"class":699},[20,48563,48564,48565,48568,48569,48571],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48566,48567],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48570,3603],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[60,48573,48575],{"className":62,"code":48574,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48576,48577],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48578,48579,48581,48583,48585,48587,48589,48591,48593,48595,48597],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48580,172],{"class":128},[69,48582,132],{"class":83},[69,48584,2919],{"class":177},[69,48586,132],{"class":83},[69,48588,2923],{"class":177},[69,48590,132],{"class":83},[69,48592,871],{"class":699},[69,48594,40612],{"class":703},[69,48596,871],{"class":699},[69,48598,2019],{"class":83},[20,48600,321],{},[60,48602,48603],{"className":62,"code":47089,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,48604,48605],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48606,48607],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48608,47089],{"class":87},[20,48610,48611,48612,5096,48615,537],{},"If you see this often, read ",[533,48613,48614],{"href":3686},"how to convert string to int in Python",[533,48616,26367,48617],{"href":46388},[15,48618,46389],{},[377,48620,48621],{"id":42049},[15,48622,3728],{},[20,48624,48625],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48627,234],{},[60,48629,48631],{"className":62,"code":48630,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48632,48633,48639,48653,48666],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48634,48635,48637],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48636,30492],{"class":1053},[69,48638,1579],{"class":83},[69,48640,48641,48643,48645,48647,48649,48651],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,48642,8756],{"class":128},[69,48644,132],{"class":83},[69,48646,2919],{"class":177},[69,48648,132],{"class":83},[69,48650,1181],{"class":1203},[69,48652,318],{"class":83},[69,48654,48655,48657,48660,48662,48664],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,48656,30523],{"class":1053},[69,48658,48659],{"class":177}," TypeError",[69,48661,47830],{"class":1053},[69,48663,47833],{"class":75},[69,48665,1579],{"class":83},[69,48667,48668,48670,48672,48674],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,48669,8756],{"class":128},[69,48671,132],{"class":83},[69,48673,47862],{"class":146},[69,48675,166],{"class":83},[20,48677,321],{},[60,48679,48681],{"className":62,"code":48680,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48682,48683],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48684,48685,48687,48689,48692,48694,48696,48699,48701,48704,48706,48709,48711,48713,48715,48717,48720],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48686,2919],{"class":177},[69,48688,8053],{"class":83},[69,48690,48691],{"class":75}," argument must be a string",[69,48693,91],{"class":83},[69,48695,45016],{"class":75},[69,48697,48698],{"class":177},"bytes",[69,48700,1972],{"class":79},[69,48702,48703],{"class":75},"like ",[69,48705,42869],{"class":177},[69,48707,48708],{"class":79}," or",[69,48710,41309],{"class":75},[69,48712,91],{"class":83},[69,48714,8786],{"class":79},[69,48716,700],{"class":699},[69,48718,48719],{"class":703},"NoneType",[69,48721,30388],{"class":699},[20,48723,48724,48725,48727],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48726,48286],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[60,48729,48731],{"className":62,"code":48730,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48732,48733,48739,48757,48769],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48734,48735,48737],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48736,30492],{"class":1053},[69,48738,1579],{"class":83},[69,48740,48741,48743,48745,48747,48749,48751,48753,48755],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,48742,8756],{"class":128},[69,48744,132],{"class":83},[69,48746,2919],{"class":177},[69,48748,132],{"class":83},[69,48750,47064],{"class":87},[69,48752,91],{"class":83},[69,48754,94],{"class":87},[69,48756,318],{"class":83},[69,48758,48759,48761,48763,48765,48767],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,48760,30523],{"class":1053},[69,48762,48659],{"class":177},[69,48764,47830],{"class":1053},[69,48766,47833],{"class":75},[69,48768,1579],{"class":83},[69,48770,48771,48773,48775,48777],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,48772,8756],{"class":128},[69,48774,132],{"class":83},[69,48776,47862],{"class":146},[69,48778,166],{"class":83},[20,48780,321],{},[60,48782,48784],{"className":62,"code":48783,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48785,48786],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48787,48788,48790,48792,48795,48797],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48789,2919],{"class":177},[69,48791,8053],{"class":83},[69,48793,48794],{"class":75}," can",[69,48796,706],{"class":699},[69,48798,48799],{"class":703},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[55,48801,1373,48803],{"id":48802},"when-to-use-int",[15,48804,3603],{},[20,48806,1378,48807,48809],{},[15,48808,3603],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48811,48812],{},"Common uses:",[29,48814,48815,48821,48824,48827],{},[32,48816,48817,48818,48820],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48819,3682],{}," into integers",[32,48822,48823],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[32,48825,48826],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[32,48828,48829,48830,37306],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48831,48286],{},[20,48833,48834],{},"Example with user input:",[60,48836,48838],{"className":62,"code":48837,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48839,48840,48854,48869,48873],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48841,48842,48845,48847,48849,48852],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48843,48844],{"class":75},"age_text ",[69,48846,80],{"class":79},[69,48848,881],{"class":699},[69,48850,48851],{"class":703},"18",[69,48853,4079],{"class":699},[69,48855,48856,48858,48860,48862,48864,48867],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,48857,22318],{"class":75},[69,48859,80],{"class":79},[69,48861,45748],{"class":177},[69,48863,132],{"class":83},[69,48865,48866],{"class":146},"age_text",[69,48868,166],{"class":83},[69,48870,48871],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,48872,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,48874,48875,48877,48879,48881,48883,48885],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,48876,172],{"class":128},[69,48878,132],{"class":83},[69,48880,22318],{"class":146},[69,48882,2792],{"class":79},[69,48884,1263],{"class":87},[69,48886,166],{"class":83},[20,48888,321],{},[60,48890,48892],{"className":62,"code":48891,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"19\n",[15,48893,48894],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48895,48896],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48897,48891],{"class":87},[55,48899,1771],{"id":1770},[20,48901,1774,48902,537],{},[15,48903,3603],{},[377,48905,48907],{"id":48906},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48909,48910],{},"This fails:",[60,48912,48914],{"className":62,"code":48913,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48915,48916],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48917,48918],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48919,48913],{"class":189},[20,48921,48922,48923,48926],{},"Why: ",[15,48924,48925],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48928,19531],{},[60,48930,48932],{"className":62,"code":48931,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48933,48934],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48935,48936,48938,48940,48942,48944,48946,48948,48950,48952,48954],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48937,172],{"class":128},[69,48939,132],{"class":83},[69,48941,2919],{"class":177},[69,48943,132],{"class":83},[69,48945,2923],{"class":177},[69,48947,132],{"class":83},[69,48949,871],{"class":699},[69,48951,41593],{"class":703},[69,48953,871],{"class":699},[69,48955,2019],{"class":83},[377,48957,48959],{"id":48958},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48961,48910],{},[60,48963,48965],{"className":62,"code":48964,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48966,48967],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48968,48969],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48970,48964],{"class":189},[20,48972,48973],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[377,48975,48977,48978],{"id":48976},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48979,48980],{},"int(None)",[20,48982,48983,48984,48986],{},"This fails because ",[15,48985,1181],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[60,48988,48990],{"className":62,"code":48989,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48991,48992,49001,49005,49011,49025,49037],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,48993,48994,48996,48998],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,48995,3173],{"class":75},[69,48997,80],{"class":79},[69,48999,49000],{"class":1203}," None\n",[69,49002,49003],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,49004,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,49006,49007,49009],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,49008,30492],{"class":1053},[69,49010,1579],{"class":83},[69,49012,49013,49015,49017,49019,49021,49023],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,49014,8756],{"class":128},[69,49016,132],{"class":83},[69,49018,2919],{"class":177},[69,49020,132],{"class":83},[69,49022,3198],{"class":146},[69,49024,318],{"class":83},[69,49026,49027,49029,49031,49033,49035],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,49028,30523],{"class":1053},[69,49030,48659],{"class":177},[69,49032,47830],{"class":1053},[69,49034,47833],{"class":75},[69,49036,1579],{"class":83},[69,49038,49039,49041,49043,49045],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,49040,8756],{"class":128},[69,49042,132],{"class":83},[69,49044,47862],{"class":146},[69,49046,166],{"class":83},[377,49048,49050],{"id":49049},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,49052,48910],{},[60,49054,49055],{"className":62,"code":48441,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,49056,49057],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49058,49059],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49060,48441],{"class":189},[20,49062,49063],{},"Use a string instead:",[60,49065,49066],{"className":62,"code":48294,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,49067,49068],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49069,49070,49072,49074,49076,49078,49080,49082,49084,49086,49088],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49071,172],{"class":128},[69,49073,132],{"class":83},[69,49075,2919],{"class":177},[69,49077,132],{"class":83},[69,49079,871],{"class":699},[69,49081,47064],{"class":703},[69,49083,871],{"class":699},[69,49085,91],{"class":83},[69,49087,94],{"class":87},[69,49089,318],{"class":83},[377,49091,1780,49093,49095],{"id":49092},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,49094,3603],{}," to round",[20,49097,49098],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[60,49100,49102],{"className":62,"code":49101,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,49103,49104],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49105,49106,49108,49110,49112,49114,49117],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49107,172],{"class":128},[69,49109,132],{"class":83},[69,49111,2919],{"class":177},[69,49113,132],{"class":83},[69,49115,49116],{"class":87},"4.9",[69,49118,318],{"class":83},[20,49120,321],{},[60,49122,49124],{"className":62,"code":49123,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"4\n",[15,49125,49126],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49127,49128],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49129,49123],{"class":87},[20,49131,3893,49132,49134,49135,49137],{},[15,49133,2866],{},", remember that ",[15,49136,3603],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[55,49139,2519],{"id":2518},[377,49141,2523,49143,49145],{"id":49142},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,49144,3603],{}," round numbers?",[20,49147,46837,49148,49150],{},[15,49149,3603],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[377,49152,5859,49154,49157],{"id":49153},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,49155,49156],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,49159,29749,49160,49162,49163,49165,49166,2532],{},[15,49161,48567],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,49164,3609],{}," first, then use ",[15,49167,3603],{},[377,49169,2561,49171,13407],{"id":49170},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,49172,49173],{},"int(True)",[20,49175,5849,49176,29002,49178,42625,49180,537],{},[15,49177,88],{},[15,49179,230],{},[15,49181,1226],{},[377,49183,49185],{"id":49184},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,49187,49188],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[55,49190,2620],{"id":2619},[29,49192,49193,49199,49205,49211,49216,49220,49226],{},[32,49194,49195],{},[533,49196,49197,2515],{"href":3606},[15,49198,3609],{},[32,49200,49201],{},[533,49202,49203,2515],{"href":42645},[15,49204,48156],{},[32,49206,49207],{},[533,49208,49209,2515],{"href":6478},[15,49210,4526],{},[32,49212,49213],{},[533,49214,49215],{"href":3686},"How to convert string to int in Python",[32,49217,49218],{},[533,49219,9744],{"href":9666},[32,49221,49222],{},[533,49223,49224,2515],{"href":8906},[15,49225,3682],{},[32,49227,49228],{},[533,49229,31036,49230],{"href":46388},[15,49231,46389],{},[2650,49233,49234],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":49236},[49237,49238,49240,49244,49249,49251,49253,49258,49262,49264,49273,49282],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":47101,"depth":120,"text":49239},"What int() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888,"children":49241},[49242,49243],{"id":47292,"depth":169,"text":47295},{"id":47392,"depth":169,"text":47395},{"id":47528,"depth":120,"text":49245,"children":49246},"Using int() with strings",[49247,49248],{"id":47650,"depth":169,"text":47651},{"id":47738,"depth":169,"text":47739},{"id":48013,"depth":120,"text":49250},"Using int() with floats",{"id":48159,"depth":120,"text":49252},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":48279,"depth":120,"text":48280,"children":49254},[49255,49256,49257],{"id":48290,"depth":169,"text":48291},{"id":48359,"depth":169,"text":48360},{"id":48400,"depth":169,"text":48401},{"id":48458,"depth":120,"text":48459,"children":49259},[49260,49261],{"id":41983,"depth":169,"text":41173},{"id":42049,"depth":169,"text":3728},{"id":48802,"depth":120,"text":49263},"When to use int()",{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771,"children":49265},[49266,49267,49268,49270,49271],{"id":48906,"depth":169,"text":48907},{"id":48958,"depth":169,"text":48959},{"id":48976,"depth":169,"text":49269},"Trying int(None)",{"id":49049,"depth":169,"text":49050},{"id":49092,"depth":169,"text":49272},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":49274},[49275,49277,49279,49281],{"id":49142,"depth":169,"text":49276},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":49153,"depth":169,"text":49278},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":49170,"depth":169,"text":49280},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":49184,"depth":169,"text":49185},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42566,"description":49283},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":49290,"title":49291,"body":49292,"description":51128,"extension":2697,"meta":51129,"navigation":272,"path":45274,"seo":51130,"stem":51131,"__hash__":51132},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":49293,"toc":51084},[49294,49299,49304,49312,49321,49323,49382,49388,49393,49398,49401,49429,49432,49435,49446,49456,49458,49460,49480,49484,49512,49514,49553,49555,49563,49565,49568,49572,49625,49627,49639,49643,49700,49702,49714,49720,49726,49730,49733,49736,49802,49804,49816,49822,49824,49876,49879,49920,49923,49930,49939,49945,49948,49981,49987,49990,50021,50027,50030,50042,50046,50051,50055,50213,50215,50230,50233,50237,50341,50343,50360,50364,50425,50427,50435,50438,50442,50509,50511,50520,50526,50528,50537,50539,50574,50579,50581,50611,50615,50617,50654,50657,50659,50696,50702,50704,50754,50756,50764,50774,50780,50784,50789,50838,50840,50853,50856,50858,50861,50936,50939,50958,50961,50991,51001,51003,51008,51015,51021,51027,51034,51042,51048,51051,51053,51081],[10,49295,13,49297,18],{"id":49296},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,49298,45277],{},[20,49300,49301,49303],{},[15,49302,45277],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,49305,49306,49307,394,49309,49311],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,49308,224],{},[15,49310,230],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,49313,49314,49315,49317,49318,49320],{},"In many cases, ",[15,49316,45277],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,49319,3029],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[55,49322,4327],{"id":4326},[60,49324,49326],{"className":62,"code":49325,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,49327,49328,49336,49340,49361],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49329,49330,49332,49334],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49331,3173],{"class":75},[69,49333,80],{"class":79},[69,49335,3313],{"class":87},[69,49337,49338],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,49339,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,49341,49342,49344,49346,49349,49351,49353,49355,49357,49359],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,49343,172],{"class":128},[69,49345,132],{"class":83},[69,49347,49348],{"class":128},"isinstance",[69,49350,132],{"class":83},[69,49352,3198],{"class":146},[69,49354,91],{"class":83},[69,49356,45748],{"class":177},[69,49358,186],{"class":83},[69,49360,44326],{"class":189},[69,49362,49363,49365,49367,49369,49371,49373,49375,49378,49380],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,49364,172],{"class":128},[69,49366,132],{"class":83},[69,49368,49348],{"class":128},[69,49370,132],{"class":83},[69,49372,3198],{"class":146},[69,49374,91],{"class":83},[69,49376,49377],{"class":177}," str",[69,49379,186],{"class":83},[69,49381,44343],{"class":189},[20,49383,1378,49384,49387],{},[15,49385,49386],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[55,49389,202,49391,205],{"id":49390},"what-isinstance-does",[15,49392,45277],{},[20,49394,49395,49397],{},[15,49396,45277],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,49399,49400],{},"It:",[29,49402,49403,49406,49412,49415],{},[32,49404,49405],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[32,49407,12113,49408,394,49410],{},[15,49409,224],{},[15,49411,230],{},[32,49413,49414],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[32,49416,49417,49418,2920,49420,2920,49422,2920,49424,2574,49427],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49419,4164],{},[15,49421,2919],{},[15,49423,178],{},[15,49425,49426],{},"tuple",[15,49428,9507],{},[20,49430,49431],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,49433,49434],{},"For example, you might want to:",[29,49436,49437,49440,49443],{},[32,49438,49439],{},"loop through a list",[32,49441,49442],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[32,49444,49445],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,49447,49448,49449,394,49452,537],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[533,49450,45269],{"href":49451},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[533,49453,49455],{"href":49454},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[55,49457,2888],{"id":2887},[20,49459,354],{},[60,49461,49463],{"className":62,"code":49462,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49464,49465],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49466,49467,49469,49471,49473,49475,49478],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49468,49348],{"class":128},[69,49470,132],{"class":83},[69,49472,42869],{"class":177},[69,49474,91],{"class":83},[69,49476,49477],{"class":146}," classinfo",[69,49479,166],{"class":83},[377,49481,49483],{"id":49482},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[29,49485,49486,49491,49505],{},[32,49487,49488,49490],{},[15,49489,42869],{}," is the value you want to test",[32,49492,49493,49496,49497,2920,49499,2920,49501,2924,49503],{},[15,49494,49495],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49498,2919],{},[15,49500,4164],{},[15,49502,178],{},[15,49504,9507],{},[32,49506,49507,49508,394,49510],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49509,224],{},[15,49511,230],{},[20,49513,234],{},[60,49515,49517],{"className":62,"code":49516,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49518,49519,49531,49535],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49520,49521,49523,49525,49527,49529],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49522,8563],{"class":75},[69,49524,80],{"class":79},[69,49526,881],{"class":699},[69,49528,12199],{"class":703},[69,49530,4079],{"class":699},[69,49532,49533],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,49534,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,49536,49537,49539,49541,49543,49545,49547,49549,49551],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,49538,172],{"class":128},[69,49540,132],{"class":83},[69,49542,49348],{"class":128},[69,49544,132],{"class":83},[69,49546,8356],{"class":146},[69,49548,91],{"class":83},[69,49550,49377],{"class":177},[69,49552,318],{"class":83},[20,49554,321],{},[60,49556,49557],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,49558,49559],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49560,49561],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49562,4685],{"class":1203},[55,49564,12165],{"id":12164},[20,49566,49567],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[377,49569,49571],{"id":49570},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[60,49573,49575],{"className":62,"code":49574,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49576,49577,49585,49589,49607],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49578,49579,49581,49583],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49580,3173],{"class":75},[69,49582,80],{"class":79},[69,49584,45697],{"class":87},[69,49586,49587],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,49588,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,49590,49591,49593,49595,49597,49599,49601,49603,49605],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,49592,172],{"class":128},[69,49594,132],{"class":83},[69,49596,49348],{"class":128},[69,49598,132],{"class":83},[69,49600,3198],{"class":146},[69,49602,91],{"class":83},[69,49604,45748],{"class":177},[69,49606,318],{"class":83},[69,49608,49609,49611,49613,49615,49617,49619,49621,49623],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,49610,172],{"class":128},[69,49612,132],{"class":83},[69,49614,49348],{"class":128},[69,49616,132],{"class":83},[69,49618,3198],{"class":146},[69,49620,91],{"class":83},[69,49622,49377],{"class":177},[69,49624,318],{"class":83},[20,49626,321],{},[60,49628,49629],{"className":62,"code":44645,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,49630,49631,49635],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49632,49633],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49634,4685],{"class":1203},[69,49636,49637],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,49638,4746],{"class":1203},[377,49640,49642],{"id":49641},"check-text","Check text",[60,49644,49646],{"className":62,"code":49645,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49647,49648,49660,49664,49682],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49649,49650,49652,49654,49656,49658],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49651,35378],{"class":75},[69,49653,80],{"class":79},[69,49655,881],{"class":699},[69,49657,1275],{"class":703},[69,49659,4079],{"class":699},[69,49661,49662],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,49663,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,49665,49666,49668,49670,49672,49674,49676,49678,49680],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,49667,172],{"class":128},[69,49669,132],{"class":83},[69,49671,49348],{"class":128},[69,49673,132],{"class":83},[69,49675,35399],{"class":146},[69,49677,91],{"class":83},[69,49679,49377],{"class":177},[69,49681,318],{"class":83},[69,49683,49684,49686,49688,49690,49692,49694,49696,49698],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,49685,172],{"class":128},[69,49687,132],{"class":83},[69,49689,49348],{"class":128},[69,49691,132],{"class":83},[69,49693,35399],{"class":146},[69,49695,91],{"class":83},[69,49697,45748],{"class":177},[69,49699,318],{"class":83},[20,49701,321],{},[60,49703,49704],{"className":62,"code":44645,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,49705,49706,49710],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49707,49708],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49709,4685],{"class":1203},[69,49711,49712],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,49713,4746],{"class":1203},[20,49715,49716,49717,49719],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49718,45277],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49721,49722,49723,537],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[533,49724,49725],{"href":3686},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[55,49727,49729],{"id":49728},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49731,49732],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49734,49735],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[60,49737,49739],{"className":62,"code":49738,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49740,49741,49750,49754,49778],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49742,49743,49745,49747],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49744,3173],{"class":75},[69,49746,80],{"class":79},[69,49748,49749],{"class":87}," 3.5\n",[69,49751,49752],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,49753,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,49755,49756,49758,49760,49762,49764,49766,49768,49770,49772,49774,49776],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,49757,172],{"class":128},[69,49759,132],{"class":83},[69,49761,49348],{"class":128},[69,49763,132],{"class":83},[69,49765,3198],{"class":146},[69,49767,91],{"class":83},[69,49769,441],{"class":83},[69,49771,2919],{"class":177},[69,49773,91],{"class":83},[69,49775,40724],{"class":177},[69,49777,2019],{"class":83},[69,49779,49780,49782,49784,49786,49788,49790,49792,49794,49796,49798,49800],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,49781,172],{"class":128},[69,49783,132],{"class":83},[69,49785,49348],{"class":128},[69,49787,132],{"class":83},[69,49789,3198],{"class":146},[69,49791,91],{"class":83},[69,49793,441],{"class":83},[69,49795,4164],{"class":177},[69,49797,91],{"class":83},[69,49799,2162],{"class":177},[69,49801,2019],{"class":83},[20,49803,321],{},[60,49805,49806],{"className":62,"code":44645,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,49807,49808,49812],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49809,49810],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49811,4685],{"class":1203},[69,49813,49814],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,49815,4746],{"class":1203},[20,49817,49818,49819,49821],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49820,41306],{}," conditions.",[20,49823,8985],{},[60,49825,49827],{"className":62,"code":49826,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49828,49829,49837,49841],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49830,49831,49833,49835],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49832,3173],{"class":75},[69,49834,80],{"class":79},[69,49836,49749],{"class":87},[69,49838,49839],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,49840,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,49842,49843,49845,49847,49849,49851,49853,49855,49857,49859,49861,49864,49866,49868,49870,49872,49874],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,49844,172],{"class":128},[69,49846,132],{"class":83},[69,49848,641],{"class":177},[69,49850,132],{"class":83},[69,49852,3198],{"class":146},[69,49854,938],{"class":83},[69,49856,155],{"class":79},[69,49858,45748],{"class":177},[69,49860,48708],{"class":1053},[69,49862,49863],{"class":177}," type",[69,49865,132],{"class":83},[69,49867,3198],{"class":146},[69,49869,938],{"class":83},[69,49871,155],{"class":79},[69,49873,40724],{"class":177},[69,49875,166],{"class":83},[20,49877,49878],{},"you can write this:",[60,49880,49882],{"className":62,"code":49881,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49883,49884,49892,49896],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49885,49886,49888,49890],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49887,3173],{"class":75},[69,49889,80],{"class":79},[69,49891,49749],{"class":87},[69,49893,49894],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,49895,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,49897,49898,49900,49902,49904,49906,49908,49910,49912,49914,49916,49918],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,49899,172],{"class":128},[69,49901,132],{"class":83},[69,49903,49348],{"class":128},[69,49905,132],{"class":83},[69,49907,3198],{"class":146},[69,49909,91],{"class":83},[69,49911,441],{"class":83},[69,49913,2919],{"class":177},[69,49915,91],{"class":83},[69,49917,40724],{"class":177},[69,49919,2019],{"class":83},[20,49921,49922],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[55,49924,49926,11272,49928],{"id":49925},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49927,45277],{},[15,49929,3029],{},[20,49931,11277,49932,5096,49934,49938],{},[15,49933,45277],{},[533,49935,49936],{"href":3026},[15,49937,3029],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[377,49940,49942],{"id":49941},"typevalue-int",[15,49943,49944],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49946,49947],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[60,49949,49951],{"className":62,"code":49950,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49952,49953,49961],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49954,49955,49957,49959],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49956,3173],{"class":75},[69,49958,80],{"class":79},[69,49960,3313],{"class":87},[69,49962,49963,49965,49967,49969,49971,49973,49975,49977,49979],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,49964,172],{"class":128},[69,49966,132],{"class":83},[69,49968,641],{"class":177},[69,49970,132],{"class":83},[69,49972,3198],{"class":146},[69,49974,938],{"class":83},[69,49976,155],{"class":79},[69,49978,45748],{"class":177},[69,49980,166],{"class":83},[377,49982,49984],{"id":49983},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49985,49986],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49988,49989],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[60,49991,49993],{"className":62,"code":49992,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49994,49995,50003],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,49996,49997,49999,50001],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,49998,3173],{"class":75},[69,50000,80],{"class":79},[69,50002,3313],{"class":87},[69,50004,50005,50007,50009,50011,50013,50015,50017,50019],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,50006,172],{"class":128},[69,50008,132],{"class":83},[69,50010,49348],{"class":128},[69,50012,132],{"class":83},[69,50014,3198],{"class":146},[69,50016,91],{"class":83},[69,50018,45748],{"class":177},[69,50020,318],{"class":83},[20,50022,50023,50024,50026],{},"For beginners, ",[15,50025,45277],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,50028,50029],{},"In everyday code:",[29,50031,50032,50037],{},[32,50033,2597,50034,50036],{},[15,50035,3029],{}," when you need the exact type",[32,50038,2597,50039,50041],{},[15,50040,45277],{}," when you want a practical type check",[55,50043,50045],{"id":50044},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,50047,50048,50049,537],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,50050,45277],{},[377,50052,50054],{"id":50053},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[60,50056,50058],{"className":62,"code":50057,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,50059,50060,50078,50097,50109,50114,50132,50143,50147,50159,50163,50187],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,50061,50062,50064,50067,50069,50071,50073,50076],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,50063,1036],{"class":135},[69,50065,50066],{"class":1039}," repeat_text",[69,50068,132],{"class":83},[69,50070,35399],{"class":139},[69,50072,91],{"class":83},[69,50074,50075],{"class":139}," count",[69,50077,1048],{"class":83},[69,50079,50080,50082,50084,50087,50089,50091,50093,50095],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,50081,1584],{"class":1053},[69,50083,8786],{"class":79},[69,50085,50086],{"class":128}," isinstance",[69,50088,132],{"class":83},[69,50090,35399],{"class":146},[69,50092,91],{"class":83},[69,50094,49377],{"class":177},[69,50096,1048],{"class":83},[69,50098,50099,50102,50104,50107],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,50100,50101],{"class":1053},"        return",[69,50103,881],{"class":699},[69,50105,50106],{"class":703},"text must be a string",[69,50108,4079],{"class":699},[69,50110,50111],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,50112,50113],{"class":75},"    \n",[69,50115,50116,50118,50120,50122,50124,50126,50128,50130],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,50117,1584],{"class":1053},[69,50119,8786],{"class":79},[69,50121,50086],{"class":128},[69,50123,132],{"class":83},[69,50125,41729],{"class":146},[69,50127,91],{"class":83},[69,50129,45748],{"class":177},[69,50131,1048],{"class":83},[69,50133,50134,50136,50138,50141],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,50135,50101],{"class":1053},[69,50137,881],{"class":699},[69,50139,50140],{"class":703},"count must be an integer",[69,50142,4079],{"class":699},[69,50144,50145],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,50146,50113],{"class":75},[69,50148,50149,50151,50154,50156],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,50150,1054],{"class":1053},[69,50152,50153],{"class":75}," text ",[69,50155,2470],{"class":79},[69,50157,50158],{"class":75}," count\n",[69,50160,50161],{"class":71,"line":7120},[69,50162,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,50164,50165,50167,50169,50172,50174,50176,50179,50181,50183,50185],{"class":71,"line":7125},[69,50166,172],{"class":128},[69,50168,132],{"class":83},[69,50170,50171],{"class":146},"repeat_text",[69,50173,132],{"class":83},[69,50175,871],{"class":699},[69,50177,50178],{"class":703},"Hi ",[69,50180,871],{"class":699},[69,50182,91],{"class":83},[69,50184,99],{"class":87},[69,50186,318],{"class":83},[69,50188,50189,50191,50193,50195,50197,50199,50201,50203,50205,50207,50209,50211],{"class":71,"line":12285},[69,50190,172],{"class":128},[69,50192,132],{"class":83},[69,50194,50171],{"class":146},[69,50196,132],{"class":83},[69,50198,871],{"class":699},[69,50200,50178],{"class":703},[69,50202,871],{"class":699},[69,50204,91],{"class":83},[69,50206,881],{"class":699},[69,50208,346],{"class":703},[69,50210,871],{"class":699},[69,50212,318],{"class":83},[20,50214,321],{},[60,50216,50218],{"className":62,"code":50217,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,50219,50220,50225],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,50221,50222],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,50223,50224],{"class":75},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[69,50226,50227],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,50228,50229],{"class":75},"count must be an integer\n",[20,50231,50232],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[377,50234,50236],{"id":50235},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[60,50238,50240],{"className":62,"code":50239,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,50241,50242,50274,50278,50294,50309,50326],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,50243,50244,50246,50248,50250,50252,50254,50256,50258,50260,50262,50264,50266,50268,50270,50272],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,50245,3173],{"class":75},[69,50247,80],{"class":79},[69,50249,84],{"class":83},[69,50251,871],{"class":699},[69,50253,533],{"class":703},[69,50255,871],{"class":699},[69,50257,91],{"class":83},[69,50259,881],{"class":699},[69,50261,5465],{"class":703},[69,50263,871],{"class":699},[69,50265,91],{"class":83},[69,50267,881],{"class":699},[69,50269,10425],{"class":703},[69,50271,871],{"class":699},[69,50273,117],{"class":83},[69,50275,50276],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,50277,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,50279,50280,50282,50284,50286,50288,50290,50292],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,50281,1712],{"class":1053},[69,50283,50086],{"class":128},[69,50285,132],{"class":83},[69,50287,3198],{"class":146},[69,50289,91],{"class":83},[69,50291,49377],{"class":177},[69,50293,1048],{"class":83},[69,50295,50296,50298,50300,50302,50305,50307],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,50297,8756],{"class":128},[69,50299,132],{"class":83},[69,50301,871],{"class":699},[69,50303,50304],{"class":703},"This is text",[69,50306,871],{"class":699},[69,50308,166],{"class":83},[69,50310,50311,50314,50316,50318,50320,50322,50324],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,50312,50313],{"class":1053},"elif",[69,50315,50086],{"class":128},[69,50317,132],{"class":83},[69,50319,3198],{"class":146},[69,50321,91],{"class":83},[69,50323,2162],{"class":177},[69,50325,1048],{"class":83},[69,50327,50328,50330,50332,50334,50337,50339],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,50329,8756],{"class":128},[69,50331,132],{"class":83},[69,50333,871],{"class":699},[69,50335,50336],{"class":703},"This is a list",[69,50338,871],{"class":699},[69,50340,166],{"class":83},[20,50342,321],{},[60,50344,50346],{"className":62,"code":50345,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"This is a list\n",[15,50347,50348],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,50349,50350,50353,50355,50357],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,50351,50352],{"class":75},"This ",[69,50354,12885],{"class":79},[69,50356,45016],{"class":75},[69,50358,50359],{"class":177},"list\n",[377,50361,50363],{"id":50362},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[60,50365,50367],{"className":62,"code":50366,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,50368,50369,50381,50385,50401,50415],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,50370,50371,50373,50375,50377,50379],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,50372,3173],{"class":75},[69,50374,80],{"class":79},[69,50376,881],{"class":699},[69,50378,46998],{"class":703},[69,50380,4079],{"class":699},[69,50382,50383],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,50384,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,50386,50387,50389,50391,50393,50395,50397,50399],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,50388,1712],{"class":1053},[69,50390,50086],{"class":128},[69,50392,132],{"class":83},[69,50394,3198],{"class":146},[69,50396,91],{"class":83},[69,50398,49377],{"class":177},[69,50400,1048],{"class":83},[69,50402,50403,50405,50407,50409,50411,50413],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,50404,42360],{"class":75},[69,50406,80],{"class":79},[69,50408,45748],{"class":177},[69,50410,132],{"class":83},[69,50412,3198],{"class":146},[69,50414,166],{"class":83},[69,50416,50417,50419,50421,50423],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,50418,8756],{"class":128},[69,50420,132],{"class":83},[69,50422,1045],{"class":146},[69,50424,166],{"class":83},[20,50426,321],{},[60,50428,50429],{"className":62,"code":47084,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,50430,50431],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,50432,50433],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,50434,47084],{"class":87},[20,50436,50437],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[377,50439,50441],{"id":50440},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[60,50443,50445],{"className":62,"code":50444,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50446,50447,50471,50475,50491],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,50448,50449,50451,50453,50455,50457,50459,50461,50463,50465,50467,50469],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,50450,3173],{"class":75},[69,50452,80],{"class":79},[69,50454,11177],{"class":83},[69,50456,871],{"class":699},[69,50458,8356],{"class":703},[69,50460,871],{"class":699},[69,50462,143],{"class":83},[69,50464,881],{"class":699},[69,50466,13572],{"class":703},[69,50468,871],{"class":699},[69,50470,9994],{"class":83},[69,50472,50473],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,50474,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,50476,50477,50479,50481,50483,50485,50487,50489],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,50478,1712],{"class":1053},[69,50480,50086],{"class":128},[69,50482,132],{"class":83},[69,50484,3198],{"class":146},[69,50486,91],{"class":83},[69,50488,9857],{"class":177},[69,50490,1048],{"class":83},[69,50492,50493,50495,50497,50499,50501,50503,50505,50507],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,50494,8756],{"class":128},[69,50496,132],{"class":83},[69,50498,3198],{"class":146},[69,50500,331],{"class":83},[69,50502,871],{"class":699},[69,50504,8356],{"class":703},[69,50506,871],{"class":699},[69,50508,618],{"class":83},[20,50510,321],{},[60,50512,50514],{"className":62,"code":50513,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Ana\n",[15,50515,50516],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,50517,50518],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,50519,50513],{"class":75},[20,50521,50522,50523,50525],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50524,3728],{}," messages later.",[55,50527,5222],{"id":5221},[377,50529,50531,50532,11780,50535],{"id":50530},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50533,50534],{},"\"int\"",[15,50536,2919],{},[20,50538,2235],{},[60,50540,50542],{"className":62,"code":50541,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50543,50544,50552],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,50545,50546,50548,50550],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,50547,3173],{"class":75},[69,50549,80],{"class":79},[69,50551,3313],{"class":87},[69,50553,50554,50556,50558,50560,50562,50564,50566,50568,50570,50572],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,50555,172],{"class":128},[69,50557,132],{"class":83},[69,50559,49348],{"class":128},[69,50561,132],{"class":83},[69,50563,3198],{"class":146},[69,50565,91],{"class":83},[69,50567,881],{"class":699},[69,50569,2919],{"class":703},[69,50571,871],{"class":699},[69,50573,318],{"class":83},[20,50575,50576,50578],{},[15,50577,50534],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50580,2253],{},[60,50582,50583],{"className":62,"code":49992,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,50584,50585,50593],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,50586,50587,50589,50591],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,50588,3173],{"class":75},[69,50590,80],{"class":79},[69,50592,3313],{"class":87},[69,50594,50595,50597,50599,50601,50603,50605,50607,50609],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,50596,172],{"class":128},[69,50598,132],{"class":83},[69,50600,49348],{"class":128},[69,50602,132],{"class":83},[69,50604,3198],{"class":146},[69,50606,91],{"class":83},[69,50608,45748],{"class":177},[69,50610,318],{"class":83},[377,50612,50614],{"id":50613},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50616,2235],{},[60,50618,50620],{"className":62,"code":50619,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50621,50622,50630],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,50623,50624,50626,50628],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,50625,3173],{"class":75},[69,50627,80],{"class":79},[69,50629,35533],{"class":87},[69,50631,50632,50634,50636,50638,50640,50642,50644,50646,50648,50650,50652],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,50633,172],{"class":128},[69,50635,132],{"class":83},[69,50637,49348],{"class":128},[69,50639,132],{"class":83},[69,50641,3198],{"class":146},[69,50643,91],{"class":83},[69,50645,84],{"class":83},[69,50647,2919],{"class":177},[69,50649,91],{"class":83},[69,50651,40724],{"class":177},[69,50653,2201],{"class":83},[20,50655,50656],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50658,2253],{},[60,50660,50662],{"className":62,"code":50661,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50663,50664,50672],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,50665,50666,50668,50670],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,50667,3173],{"class":75},[69,50669,80],{"class":79},[69,50671,35533],{"class":87},[69,50673,50674,50676,50678,50680,50682,50684,50686,50688,50690,50692,50694],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,50675,172],{"class":128},[69,50677,132],{"class":83},[69,50679,49348],{"class":128},[69,50681,132],{"class":83},[69,50683,3198],{"class":146},[69,50685,91],{"class":83},[69,50687,441],{"class":83},[69,50689,2919],{"class":177},[69,50691,91],{"class":83},[69,50693,40724],{"class":177},[69,50695,2019],{"class":83},[377,50697,26462,50699,50701],{"id":50698},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50700,45277],{}," converts a value",[20,50703,19604],{},[60,50705,50707],{"className":62,"code":50706,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50708,50709,50722,50740,50744],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,50710,50711,50713,50715,50717,50720],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,50712,3173],{"class":75},[69,50714,80],{"class":79},[69,50716,881],{"class":699},[69,50718,50719],{"class":703},"123",[69,50721,4079],{"class":699},[69,50723,50724,50726,50728,50730,50732,50734,50736,50738],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,50725,123],{"class":75},[69,50727,80],{"class":79},[69,50729,50086],{"class":128},[69,50731,132],{"class":83},[69,50733,3198],{"class":146},[69,50735,91],{"class":83},[69,50737,45748],{"class":177},[69,50739,166],{"class":83},[69,50741,50742],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,50743,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,50745,50746,50748,50750,50752],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,50747,172],{"class":128},[69,50749,132],{"class":83},[69,50751,183],{"class":146},[69,50753,166],{"class":83},[20,50755,321],{},[60,50757,50758],{"className":62,"code":4746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,50759,50760],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,50761,50762],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,50763,4746],{"class":1203},[20,50765,50766,50767,50770,50771,50773],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50768,50769],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50772,50719],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50775,50776,50777,7319],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50778,50779],{},"int(value)",[377,50781,50783],{"id":50782},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50785,50786,50788],{},[15,50787,45277],{}," does not modify anything.",[60,50790,50792],{"className":62,"code":50791,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50793,50794,50806,50810,50828],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,50795,50796,50798,50800,50802,50804],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,50797,3173],{"class":75},[69,50799,80],{"class":79},[69,50801,881],{"class":699},[69,50803,14250],{"class":703},[69,50805,4079],{"class":699},[69,50807,50808],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,50809,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,50811,50812,50814,50816,50818,50820,50822,50824,50826],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,50813,172],{"class":128},[69,50815,132],{"class":83},[69,50817,49348],{"class":128},[69,50819,132],{"class":83},[69,50821,3198],{"class":146},[69,50823,91],{"class":83},[69,50825,49377],{"class":177},[69,50827,318],{"class":83},[69,50829,50830,50832,50834,50836],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,50831,172],{"class":128},[69,50833,132],{"class":83},[69,50835,3198],{"class":146},[69,50837,166],{"class":83},[20,50839,321],{},[60,50841,50843],{"className":62,"code":50842,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"True\n100\n",[15,50844,50845,50849],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,50846,50847],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,50848,4685],{"class":1203},[69,50850,50851],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,50852,47735],{"class":87},[20,50854,50855],{},"The value stays the same.",[55,50857,26630],{"id":26629},[20,50859,50860],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[60,50862,50864],{"className":62,"code":50863,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50865,50866,50880,50898,50922],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,50867,50868,50870,50872,50874,50876,50878],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,50869,172],{"class":128},[69,50871,132],{"class":83},[69,50873,641],{"class":177},[69,50875,132],{"class":83},[69,50877,3198],{"class":146},[69,50879,318],{"class":83},[69,50881,50882,50884,50886,50888,50890,50892,50894,50896],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,50883,172],{"class":128},[69,50885,132],{"class":83},[69,50887,49348],{"class":128},[69,50889,132],{"class":83},[69,50891,3198],{"class":146},[69,50893,91],{"class":83},[69,50895,45748],{"class":177},[69,50897,318],{"class":83},[69,50899,50900,50902,50904,50906,50908,50910,50912,50914,50916,50918,50920],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,50901,172],{"class":128},[69,50903,132],{"class":83},[69,50905,49348],{"class":128},[69,50907,132],{"class":83},[69,50909,3198],{"class":146},[69,50911,91],{"class":83},[69,50913,441],{"class":83},[69,50915,2919],{"class":177},[69,50917,91],{"class":83},[69,50919,40724],{"class":177},[69,50921,2019],{"class":83},[69,50923,50924,50926,50928,50930,50932,50934],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,50925,172],{"class":128},[69,50927,132],{"class":83},[69,50929,42249],{"class":128},[69,50931,132],{"class":83},[69,50933,3198],{"class":146},[69,50935,318],{"class":83},[20,50937,50938],{},"These can help when:",[29,50940,50941,50944,50949,50952],{},[32,50942,50943],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[32,50945,50946,50947],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50948,3728],{},[32,50950,50951],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[32,50953,50954,50955,50957],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50956,45277],{}," is invalid",[20,50959,50960],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[29,50962,50963,50977,50983,50988],{},[32,50964,50965,50966,394,50969,50972,50973,394,50975],{},"using ",[15,50967,50968],{},"'int'",[15,50970,50971],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50974,2919],{},[15,50976,4164],{},[32,50978,50979,50980,50982],{},"expecting ",[15,50981,45277],{}," to convert a value",[32,50984,50965,50985,50987],{},[15,50986,3029],{}," when inherited types should also match",[32,50989,50990],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50992,50993,50994,537],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[533,50995,50997,50998],{"href":50996},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50999,51000],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[55,51002,2519],{"id":2518},[377,51004,2561,51006,5846],{"id":51005},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,51007,45277],{},[20,51009,5849,51010,51012,51013,537],{},[15,51011,224],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,51014,230],{},[377,51016,5871,51018,51020],{"id":51017},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,51019,45277],{}," check more than one type?",[20,51022,51023,51024,537],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,51025,51026],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[377,51028,5881,51030,5096,51032,3218],{"id":51029},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,51031,45277],{},[15,51033,3029],{},[20,51035,51036,51038,51039,51041],{},[15,51037,3029],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,51040,45277],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[377,51043,2523,51045,51047],{"id":51044},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,51046,45277],{}," convert a value?",[20,51049,51050],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[55,51052,2620],{"id":2619},[29,51054,51055,51061,51065,51070,51075],{},[32,51056,51057],{},[533,51058,13,51059,2515],{"href":3026},[15,51060,3029],{},[32,51062,51063],{},[533,51064,45269],{"href":49451},[32,51066,51067],{},[533,51068,51069],{"href":3686},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[32,51071,51072],{},[533,51073,51074],{"href":49454},"What is a data type in Python?",[32,51076,51077],{},[533,51078,50997,51079],{"href":50996},[15,51080,51000],{},[2650,51082,51083],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":51085},[51086,51087,51089,51092,51096,51097,51102,51108,51116,51117,51127],{"id":4326,"depth":120,"text":4327},{"id":49390,"depth":120,"text":51088},"What isinstance() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888,"children":51090},[51091],{"id":49482,"depth":169,"text":49483},{"id":12164,"depth":120,"text":12165,"children":51093},[51094,51095],{"id":49570,"depth":169,"text":49571},{"id":49641,"depth":169,"text":49642},{"id":49728,"depth":120,"text":49729},{"id":49925,"depth":120,"text":51098,"children":51099},"isinstance() vs type()",[51100,51101],{"id":49941,"depth":169,"text":49944},{"id":49983,"depth":169,"text":49986},{"id":50044,"depth":120,"text":50045,"children":51103},[51104,51105,51106,51107],{"id":50053,"depth":169,"text":50054},{"id":50235,"depth":169,"text":50236},{"id":50362,"depth":169,"text":50363},{"id":50440,"depth":169,"text":50441},{"id":5221,"depth":120,"text":5222,"children":51109},[51110,51112,51113,51115],{"id":50530,"depth":169,"text":51111},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50613,"depth":169,"text":50614},{"id":50698,"depth":169,"text":51114},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50782,"depth":169,"text":50783},{"id":26629,"depth":120,"text":26630},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":51118},[51119,51121,51123,51125],{"id":51005,"depth":169,"text":51120},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":51017,"depth":169,"text":51122},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":51029,"depth":169,"text":51124},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":51044,"depth":169,"text":51126},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":49291,"description":51128},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":51134,"title":51135,"body":51136,"description":53109,"extension":2697,"meta":53110,"navigation":272,"path":53111,"seo":53112,"stem":53113,"__hash__":53114},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":51137,"toc":53084},[51138,51141,51146,51151,51165,51168,51170,51245,51250,51254,51259,51262,51276,51278,51444,51457,51459,51461,51476,51479,51482,51495,51497,51595,51599,51605,51608,51617,51619,51654,51659,51680,51685,51690,51722,51725,51782,51786,51792,51795,51848,51850,51890,51893,51961,51964,52015,52022,52026,52032,52117,52123,52129,52178,52181,52184,52234,52236,52241,52245,52295,52299,52346,52350,52427,52431,52496,52499,52503,52508,52513,52525,52527,52546,52552,52555,52574,52579,52606,52613,52617,52623,52626,52721,52724,52727,52776,52781,52783,52787,52822,52825,52882,52892,52895,52929,52932,52934,52938,52941,52945,52948,52952,52955,52959,52972,52976,52981,52983,53033,53045,53047,53081],[10,51139,51135],{"id":51140},"python-len-function-explained",[20,51142,9809,51143,51145],{},[15,51144,42831],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,51147,36094,51148,51150],{},[15,51149,42831],{}," to count:",[29,51152,51153,51156,51159,51162],{},[32,51154,51155],{},"characters in a string",[32,51157,51158],{},"items in a list or tuple",[32,51160,51161],{},"keys in a dictionary",[32,51163,51164],{},"unique items in a set",[20,51166,51167],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[55,51169,58],{"id":57},[60,51171,51173],{"className":62,"code":51172,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,51174,51175,51187,51207,51211,51228],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,51176,51177,51179,51181,51183,51185],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,51178,35378],{"class":75},[69,51180,80],{"class":79},[69,51182,881],{"class":699},[69,51184,1275],{"class":703},[69,51186,4079],{"class":699},[69,51188,51189,51191,51193,51195,51197,51199,51201,51203,51205],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,51190,1252],{"class":75},[69,51192,80],{"class":79},[69,51194,84],{"class":83},[69,51196,444],{"class":87},[69,51198,91],{"class":83},[69,51200,454],{"class":87},[69,51202,91],{"class":83},[69,51204,8482],{"class":87},[69,51206,117],{"class":83},[69,51208,51209],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,51210,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,51212,51213,51215,51217,51219,51221,51223,51225],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,51214,172],{"class":128},[69,51216,132],{"class":83},[69,51218,11850],{"class":128},[69,51220,132],{"class":83},[69,51222,35399],{"class":146},[69,51224,186],{"class":83},[69,51226,51227],{"class":189},"   # 5\n",[69,51229,51230,51232,51234,51236,51238,51240,51242],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,51231,172],{"class":128},[69,51233,132],{"class":83},[69,51235,11850],{"class":128},[69,51237,132],{"class":83},[69,51239,8497],{"class":146},[69,51241,186],{"class":83},[69,51243,51244],{"class":189},"  # 3\n",[20,51246,1378,51247,51249],{},[15,51248,42831],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[55,51251,51253],{"id":51252},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,51255,51256,51258],{},[15,51257,42831],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,51260,51261],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[29,51263,51264,51267,51270,51273],{},[32,51265,51266],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[32,51268,51269],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[32,51271,51272],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[32,51274,51275],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,51277,234],{},[60,51279,51281],{"className":62,"code":51280,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,51282,51283,51295,51320,51352,51372,51376,51393,51410,51427],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,51284,51285,51287,51289,51291,51293],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,51286,8563],{"class":75},[69,51288,80],{"class":79},[69,51290,881],{"class":699},[69,51292,8365],{"class":703},[69,51294,4079],{"class":699},[69,51296,51297,51299,51301,51303,51305,51307,51309,51311,51313,51315,51318],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,51298,76],{"class":75},[69,51300,80],{"class":79},[69,51302,84],{"class":83},[69,51304,444],{"class":87},[69,51306,91],{"class":83},[69,51308,454],{"class":87},[69,51310,91],{"class":83},[69,51312,8482],{"class":87},[69,51314,91],{"class":83},[69,51316,51317],{"class":87}," 40",[69,51319,117],{"class":83},[69,51321,51322,51324,51326,51328,51330,51332,51334,51336,51338,51340,51342,51344,51346,51348,51350],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,51323,9852],{"class":75},[69,51325,80],{"class":79},[69,51327,11177],{"class":83},[69,51329,871],{"class":699},[69,51331,533],{"class":703},[69,51333,871],{"class":699},[69,51335,143],{"class":83},[69,51337,1263],{"class":87},[69,51339,91],{"class":83},[69,51341,881],{"class":699},[69,51343,5465],{"class":703},[69,51345,871],{"class":699},[69,51347,143],{"class":83},[69,51349,94],{"class":87},[69,51351,9994],{"class":83},[69,51353,51354,51356,51358,51360,51362,51364,51366,51368,51370],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,51355,4536],{"class":75},[69,51357,80],{"class":79},[69,51359,11177],{"class":83},[69,51361,2866],{"class":87},[69,51363,91],{"class":83},[69,51365,114],{"class":87},[69,51367,91],{"class":83},[69,51369,6690],{"class":87},[69,51371,9994],{"class":83},[69,51373,51374],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,51375,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,51377,51378,51380,51382,51384,51386,51388,51390],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,51379,172],{"class":128},[69,51381,132],{"class":83},[69,51383,11850],{"class":128},[69,51385,132],{"class":83},[69,51387,8356],{"class":146},[69,51389,186],{"class":83},[69,51391,51392],{"class":189},"     # 3\n",[69,51394,51395,51397,51399,51401,51403,51405,51407],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,51396,172],{"class":128},[69,51398,132],{"class":83},[69,51400,11850],{"class":128},[69,51402,132],{"class":83},[69,51404,4366],{"class":146},[69,51406,186],{"class":83},[69,51408,51409],{"class":189},"  # 4\n",[69,51411,51412,51414,51416,51418,51420,51422,51424],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,51413,172],{"class":128},[69,51415,132],{"class":83},[69,51417,11850],{"class":128},[69,51419,132],{"class":83},[69,51421,9891],{"class":146},[69,51423,186],{"class":83},[69,51425,51426],{"class":189},"     # 2\n",[69,51428,51429,51431,51433,51435,51437,51439,51441],{"class":71,"line":7120},[69,51430,172],{"class":128},[69,51432,132],{"class":83},[69,51434,11850],{"class":128},[69,51436,132],{"class":83},[69,51438,6059],{"class":146},[69,51440,186],{"class":83},[69,51442,51443],{"class":189},"   # 3\n",[20,51445,51446,51447,2920,51451,2574,51455,537],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[533,51448,51450],{"href":51449},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[533,51452,51454],{"href":51453},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[533,51456,9842],{"href":9841},[55,51458,2888],{"id":2887},[20,51460,354],{},[60,51462,51464],{"className":62,"code":51463,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"len(object)\n",[15,51465,51466],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,51467,51468,51470,51472,51474],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,51469,11850],{"class":128},[69,51471,132],{"class":83},[69,51473,42869],{"class":177},[69,51475,166],{"class":83},[20,51477,51478],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51480,51481],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[29,51483,51484,51486,51488,51490,51492],{},[32,51485,418],{},[32,51487,412],{},[32,51489,415],{},[32,51491,421],{},[32,51493,51494],{},"a dictionary",[20,51496,234],{},[60,51498,51500],{"className":62,"code":51499,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51501,51502,51523,51547,51569],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,51503,51504,51506,51508,51510,51512,51514,51516,51518,51520],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,51505,172],{"class":128},[69,51507,132],{"class":83},[69,51509,11850],{"class":128},[69,51511,132],{"class":83},[69,51513,871],{"class":699},[69,51515,64],{"class":703},[69,51517,871],{"class":699},[69,51519,186],{"class":83},[69,51521,51522],{"class":189},"      # 6\n",[69,51524,51525,51527,51529,51531,51533,51535,51537,51539,51541,51543,51545],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,51526,172],{"class":128},[69,51528,132],{"class":83},[69,51530,11850],{"class":128},[69,51532,3710],{"class":83},[69,51534,88],{"class":87},[69,51536,91],{"class":83},[69,51538,94],{"class":87},[69,51540,91],{"class":83},[69,51542,99],{"class":87},[69,51544,5439],{"class":83},[69,51546,51392],{"class":189},[69,51548,51549,51551,51553,51555,51557,51559,51561,51563,51566],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,51550,172],{"class":128},[69,51552,132],{"class":83},[69,51554,11850],{"class":128},[69,51556,6210],{"class":83},[69,51558,444],{"class":87},[69,51560,91],{"class":83},[69,51562,454],{"class":87},[69,51564,51565],{"class":83},")))",[69,51567,51568],{"class":189},"      # 2\n",[69,51570,51571,51573,51575,51577,51579,51581,51583,51585,51587,51589,51592],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,51572,172],{"class":128},[69,51574,132],{"class":83},[69,51576,11850],{"class":128},[69,51578,6229],{"class":83},[69,51580,871],{"class":699},[69,51582,2904],{"class":703},[69,51584,871],{"class":699},[69,51586,143],{"class":83},[69,51588,1263],{"class":87},[69,51590,51591],{"class":83},"}))",[69,51593,51594],{"class":189},"      # 1\n",[55,51596,51598],{"id":51597},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51600,51601,51602,51604],{},"When you use ",[15,51603,42831],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51606,51607],{},"That includes:",[29,51609,51610,51612,51614],{},[32,51611,36833],{},[32,51613,11138],{},[32,51615,51616],{},"punctuation",[20,51618,234],{},[60,51620,51622],{"className":62,"code":51621,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51623,51624,51637],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,51625,51626,51628,51630,51632,51635],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,51627,35378],{"class":75},[69,51629,80],{"class":79},[69,51631,881],{"class":699},[69,51633,51634],{"class":703},"Hi there!",[69,51636,4079],{"class":699},[69,51638,51639,51641,51643,51645,51647,51649,51651],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,51640,172],{"class":128},[69,51642,132],{"class":83},[69,51644,11850],{"class":128},[69,51646,132],{"class":83},[69,51648,35399],{"class":146},[69,51650,186],{"class":83},[69,51652,51653],{"class":189},"  # 9\n",[20,51655,51656,51657,3218],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51658,2874],{},[29,51660,51661,51667,51671,51674],{},[32,51662,51663,51666],{},[15,51664,51665],{},"H"," = 1",[32,51668,51669,51666],{},[15,51670,36844],{},[32,51672,51673],{},"space = 1",[32,51675,51676,51679],{},[15,51677,51678],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51681,51682,51683],{},"Total: ",[15,51684,2874],{},[20,51686,51687,51688,143],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51689,1226],{},[60,51691,51693],{"className":62,"code":51692,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51694,51695,51704],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,51696,51697,51700,51702],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,51698,51699],{"class":75},"empty_text ",[69,51701,80],{"class":79},[69,51703,8568],{"class":699},[69,51705,51706,51708,51710,51712,51714,51717,51719],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,51707,172],{"class":128},[69,51709,132],{"class":83},[69,51711,11850],{"class":128},[69,51713,132],{"class":83},[69,51715,51716],{"class":146},"empty_text",[69,51718,186],{"class":83},[69,51720,51721],{"class":189},"  # 0\n",[20,51723,51724],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[60,51726,51728],{"className":62,"code":51727,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51729,51730,51743,51747,51767],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,51731,51732,51735,51737,51739,51741],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,51733,51734],{"class":75},"user_name ",[69,51736,80],{"class":79},[69,51738,881],{"class":699},[69,51740,5708],{"class":703},[69,51742,4079],{"class":699},[69,51744,51745],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,51746,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,51748,51749,51751,51753,51755,51758,51760,51763,51765],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,51750,1712],{"class":1053},[69,51752,930],{"class":128},[69,51754,132],{"class":83},[69,51756,51757],{"class":146},"user_name",[69,51759,938],{"class":83},[69,51761,51762],{"class":79}," >=",[69,51764,99],{"class":87},[69,51766,1579],{"class":83},[69,51768,51769,51771,51773,51775,51778,51780],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,51770,8756],{"class":128},[69,51772,132],{"class":83},[69,51774,871],{"class":699},[69,51776,51777],{"class":703},"Name is long enough",[69,51779,871],{"class":699},[69,51781,166],{"class":83},[55,51783,51785],{"id":51784},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51787,51788,51789,51791],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51790,42831],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51793,51794],{},"Example with a list:",[60,51796,51798],{"className":62,"code":51797,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51799,51800,51832],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,51801,51802,51804,51806,51808,51810,51812,51814,51816,51818,51820,51822,51824,51826,51828,51830],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,51803,13768],{"class":75},[69,51805,80],{"class":79},[69,51807,84],{"class":83},[69,51809,871],{"class":699},[69,51811,13785],{"class":703},[69,51813,871],{"class":699},[69,51815,91],{"class":83},[69,51817,881],{"class":699},[69,51819,18145],{"class":703},[69,51821,871],{"class":699},[69,51823,91],{"class":83},[69,51825,881],{"class":699},[69,51827,13802],{"class":703},[69,51829,871],{"class":699},[69,51831,117],{"class":83},[69,51833,51834,51836,51838,51840,51842,51844,51846],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,51835,172],{"class":128},[69,51837,132],{"class":83},[69,51839,11850],{"class":128},[69,51841,132],{"class":83},[69,51843,18192],{"class":146},[69,51845,186],{"class":83},[69,51847,51244],{"class":189},[20,51849,427],{},[60,51851,51853],{"className":62,"code":51852,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51854,51855,51872],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,51856,51857,51860,51862,51864,51866,51868,51870],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,51858,51859],{"class":75},"point ",[69,51861,80],{"class":79},[69,51863,441],{"class":83},[69,51865,444],{"class":87},[69,51867,91],{"class":83},[69,51869,454],{"class":87},[69,51871,166],{"class":83},[69,51873,51874,51876,51878,51880,51882,51885,51887],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,51875,172],{"class":128},[69,51877,132],{"class":83},[69,51879,11850],{"class":128},[69,51881,132],{"class":83},[69,51883,51884],{"class":146},"point",[69,51886,186],{"class":83},[69,51888,51889],{"class":189},"  # 2\n",[20,51891,51892],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[60,51894,51896],{"className":62,"code":51895,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51897,51898,51922,51926,51944],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,51899,51900,51902,51904,51906,51908,51910,51912,51914,51916,51918,51920],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,51901,1252],{"class":75},[69,51903,80],{"class":79},[69,51905,84],{"class":83},[69,51907,871],{"class":699},[69,51909,874],{"class":703},[69,51911,871],{"class":699},[69,51913,91],{"class":83},[69,51915,881],{"class":699},[69,51917,893],{"class":703},[69,51919,871],{"class":699},[69,51921,117],{"class":83},[69,51923,51924],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,51925,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,51927,51928,51930,51932,51934,51936,51938,51940,51942],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,51929,1712],{"class":1053},[69,51931,930],{"class":128},[69,51933,132],{"class":83},[69,51935,8497],{"class":146},[69,51937,938],{"class":83},[69,51939,941],{"class":79},[69,51941,1263],{"class":87},[69,51943,1579],{"class":83},[69,51945,51946,51948,51950,51952,51954,51956,51958],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,51947,8756],{"class":128},[69,51949,132],{"class":83},[69,51951,8497],{"class":146},[69,51953,331],{"class":83},[69,51955,88],{"class":87},[69,51957,21137],{"class":83},[69,51959,51960],{"class":189},"  # banana\n",[20,51962,51963],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[60,51965,51967],{"className":62,"code":51966,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51968,51969,51992],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,51970,51971,51973,51975,51977,51980,51982,51985,51987,51990],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,51972,5768],{"class":75},[69,51974,80],{"class":79},[69,51976,84],{"class":83},[69,51978,51979],{"class":87},"88",[69,51981,91],{"class":83},[69,51983,51984],{"class":87}," 91",[69,51986,91],{"class":83},[69,51988,51989],{"class":87}," 75",[69,51991,117],{"class":83},[69,51993,51994,51996,51998,52000,52003,52005,52007,52009,52011,52013],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,51995,172],{"class":128},[69,51997,132],{"class":83},[69,51999,871],{"class":699},[69,52001,52002],{"class":703},"Number of scores:",[69,52004,871],{"class":699},[69,52006,91],{"class":83},[69,52008,930],{"class":128},[69,52010,132],{"class":83},[69,52012,17080],{"class":146},[69,52014,318],{"class":83},[20,52016,52017,52018,537],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[533,52019,52021],{"href":52020},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[55,52023,52025],{"id":52024},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,52027,52028,52029,52031],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,52030,42831],{}," counts keys.",[60,52033,52035],{"className":62,"code":52034,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,52036,52037,52045,52063,52077,52093,52097,52101],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,52038,52039,52041,52043],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,52040,13555],{"class":75},[69,52042,80],{"class":79},[69,52044,12183],{"class":83},[69,52046,52047,52049,52051,52053,52055,52057,52059,52061],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,52048,12188],{"class":699},[69,52050,8356],{"class":703},[69,52052,871],{"class":699},[69,52054,143],{"class":83},[69,52056,881],{"class":699},[69,52058,8608],{"class":703},[69,52060,871],{"class":699},[69,52062,12204],{"class":83},[69,52064,52065,52067,52069,52071,52073,52075],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,52066,12188],{"class":699},[69,52068,9985],{"class":703},[69,52070,871],{"class":699},[69,52072,143],{"class":83},[69,52074,31632],{"class":87},[69,52076,12204],{"class":83},[69,52078,52079,52081,52083,52085,52087,52089,52091],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,52080,12188],{"class":699},[69,52082,20582],{"class":703},[69,52084,871],{"class":699},[69,52086,143],{"class":83},[69,52088,881],{"class":699},[69,52090,22934],{"class":703},[69,52092,4079],{"class":699},[69,52094,52095],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,52096,9994],{"class":83},[69,52098,52099],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,52100,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,52102,52103,52105,52107,52109,52111,52113,52115],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,52104,172],{"class":128},[69,52106,132],{"class":83},[69,52108,11850],{"class":128},[69,52110,132],{"class":83},[69,52112,14318],{"class":146},[69,52114,186],{"class":83},[69,52116,51244],{"class":189},[20,52118,52119,52120,52122],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,52121,42831],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,52124,52125,52126,52128],{},"For sets, ",[15,52127,42831],{}," counts unique items:",[60,52130,52132],{"className":62,"code":52131,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,52133,52134,52162],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,52135,52136,52138,52140,52142,52144,52146,52148,52150,52152,52154,52156,52158,52160],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,52137,76],{"class":75},[69,52139,80],{"class":79},[69,52141,11177],{"class":83},[69,52143,88],{"class":87},[69,52145,91],{"class":83},[69,52147,94],{"class":87},[69,52149,91],{"class":83},[69,52151,99],{"class":87},[69,52153,91],{"class":83},[69,52155,99],{"class":87},[69,52157,91],{"class":83},[69,52159,94],{"class":87},[69,52161,9994],{"class":83},[69,52163,52164,52166,52168,52170,52172,52174,52176],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,52165,172],{"class":128},[69,52167,132],{"class":83},[69,52169,11850],{"class":128},[69,52171,132],{"class":83},[69,52173,4366],{"class":146},[69,52175,186],{"class":83},[69,52177,51244],{"class":189},[20,52179,52180],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,52182,52183],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[60,52185,52187],{"className":62,"code":52186,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,52188,52189,52197,52201,52219],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,52190,52191,52193,52195],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,52192,9852],{"class":75},[69,52194,80],{"class":79},[69,52196,10524],{"class":83},[69,52198,52199],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,52200,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,52202,52203,52205,52207,52209,52211,52213,52215,52217],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,52204,1712],{"class":1053},[69,52206,930],{"class":128},[69,52208,132],{"class":83},[69,52210,9891],{"class":146},[69,52212,938],{"class":83},[69,52214,155],{"class":79},[69,52216,158],{"class":87},[69,52218,1579],{"class":83},[69,52220,52221,52223,52225,52227,52230,52232],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,52222,8756],{"class":128},[69,52224,132],{"class":83},[69,52226,871],{"class":699},[69,52228,52229],{"class":703},"The dictionary is empty",[69,52231,871],{"class":699},[69,52233,166],{"class":83},[55,52235,41515],{"id":41514},[20,52237,52238,52239,537],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,52240,42831],{},[377,52242,52244],{"id":52243},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[60,52246,52248],{"className":62,"code":52247,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,52249,52250,52258,52262,52280],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,52251,52252,52254,52256],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,52253,1252],{"class":75},[69,52255,80],{"class":79},[69,52257,1561],{"class":83},[69,52259,52260],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,52261,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,52263,52264,52266,52268,52270,52272,52274,52276,52278],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,52265,1712],{"class":1053},[69,52267,930],{"class":128},[69,52269,132],{"class":83},[69,52271,8497],{"class":146},[69,52273,938],{"class":83},[69,52275,155],{"class":79},[69,52277,158],{"class":87},[69,52279,1579],{"class":83},[69,52281,52282,52284,52286,52288,52291,52293],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,52283,8756],{"class":128},[69,52285,132],{"class":83},[69,52287,871],{"class":699},[69,52289,52290],{"class":703},"The list is empty",[69,52292,871],{"class":699},[69,52294,166],{"class":83},[377,52296,52298],{"id":52297},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[60,52300,52302],{"className":62,"code":52301,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,52303,52304,52323],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,52305,52306,52308,52310,52312,52314,52316,52319,52321],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,52307,6850],{"class":75},[69,52309,80],{"class":79},[69,52311,8929],{"class":128},[69,52313,132],{"class":83},[69,52315,871],{"class":699},[69,52317,52318],{"class":703},"Enter a word: ",[69,52320,871],{"class":699},[69,52322,166],{"class":83},[69,52324,52325,52327,52329,52331,52334,52336,52338,52340,52342,52344],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,52326,172],{"class":128},[69,52328,132],{"class":83},[69,52330,871],{"class":699},[69,52332,52333],{"class":703},"Number of characters:",[69,52335,871],{"class":699},[69,52337,91],{"class":83},[69,52339,930],{"class":128},[69,52341,132],{"class":83},[69,52343,935],{"class":146},[69,52345,318],{"class":83},[377,52347,52349],{"id":52348},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[60,52351,52353],{"className":62,"code":52352,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,52354,52355,52369,52373,52391,52406,52412],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,52356,52357,52360,52362,52364,52367],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,52358,52359],{"class":75},"password ",[69,52361,80],{"class":79},[69,52363,881],{"class":699},[69,52365,52366],{"class":703},"secret123",[69,52368,4079],{"class":699},[69,52370,52371],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,52372,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,52374,52375,52377,52379,52381,52383,52385,52387,52389],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,52376,1712],{"class":1053},[69,52378,930],{"class":128},[69,52380,132],{"class":83},[69,52382,18311],{"class":146},[69,52384,938],{"class":83},[69,52386,51762],{"class":79},[69,52388,2504],{"class":87},[69,52390,1579],{"class":83},[69,52392,52393,52395,52397,52399,52402,52404],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,52394,8756],{"class":128},[69,52396,132],{"class":83},[69,52398,871],{"class":699},[69,52400,52401],{"class":703},"Password length is valid",[69,52403,871],{"class":699},[69,52405,166],{"class":83},[69,52407,52408,52410],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,52409,28122],{"class":1053},[69,52411,1579],{"class":83},[69,52413,52414,52416,52418,52420,52423,52425],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,52415,8756],{"class":128},[69,52417,132],{"class":83},[69,52419,871],{"class":699},[69,52421,52422],{"class":703},"Password is too short",[69,52424,871],{"class":699},[69,52426,166],{"class":83},[377,52428,52430],{"id":52429},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[60,52432,52434],{"className":62,"code":52433,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52435,52436,52472],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,52437,52438,52441,52443,52445,52447,52450,52452,52454,52456,52459,52461,52463,52465,52468,52470],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,52439,52440],{"class":75},"results ",[69,52442,80],{"class":79},[69,52444,84],{"class":83},[69,52446,871],{"class":699},[69,52448,52449],{"class":703},"item1",[69,52451,871],{"class":699},[69,52453,91],{"class":83},[69,52455,881],{"class":699},[69,52457,52458],{"class":703},"item2",[69,52460,871],{"class":699},[69,52462,91],{"class":83},[69,52464,881],{"class":699},[69,52466,52467],{"class":703},"item3",[69,52469,871],{"class":699},[69,52471,117],{"class":83},[69,52473,52474,52476,52478,52480,52483,52485,52487,52489,52491,52494],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,52475,172],{"class":128},[69,52477,132],{"class":83},[69,52479,871],{"class":699},[69,52481,52482],{"class":703},"Items found:",[69,52484,871],{"class":699},[69,52486,91],{"class":83},[69,52488,930],{"class":128},[69,52490,132],{"class":83},[69,52492,52493],{"class":146},"results",[69,52495,318],{"class":83},[20,52497,52498],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[55,52500,52502],{"id":52501},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52504,52505,52507],{},[15,52506,42831],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52509,52510,52511,143],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52512,3728],{},[29,52514,52515,52518,52521],{},[32,52516,52517],{},"plain integers",[32,52519,52520],{},"floats",[32,52522,52523],{},[15,52524,1181],{},[20,52526,234],{},[60,52528,52530],{"className":62,"code":52529,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52531,52532],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,52533,52534,52536,52538,52540,52542,52544],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,52535,172],{"class":128},[69,52537,132],{"class":83},[69,52539,11850],{"class":128},[69,52541,132],{"class":83},[69,52543,2866],{"class":87},[69,52545,318],{"class":83},[20,52547,52548,52549,52551],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52550,2866],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52553,52554],{},"Another example:",[60,52556,52558],{"className":62,"code":52557,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52559,52560],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,52561,52562,52564,52566,52568,52570,52572],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,52563,172],{"class":128},[69,52565,132],{"class":83},[69,52567,11850],{"class":128},[69,52569,132],{"class":83},[69,52571,40612],{"class":87},[69,52573,318],{"class":83},[20,52575,52576,52577,143],{},"And with ",[15,52578,1181],{},[60,52580,52582],{"className":62,"code":52581,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52583,52584,52592],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,52585,52586,52588,52590],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,52587,3173],{"class":75},[69,52589,80],{"class":79},[69,52591,49000],{"class":1203},[69,52593,52594,52596,52598,52600,52602,52604],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,52595,172],{"class":128},[69,52597,132],{"class":83},[69,52599,11850],{"class":128},[69,52601,132],{"class":83},[69,52603,3198],{"class":146},[69,52605,318],{"class":83},[20,52607,52608,52609,537],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[533,52610,52612],{"href":52611},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[55,52614,52616],{"id":52615},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52618,52619,52620,52622],{},"Before using ",[15,52621,42831],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52624,52625],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[60,52627,52629],{"className":62,"code":52628,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52630,52631,52639,52643,52653,52667,52685,52703],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,52632,52633,52635,52637],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,52634,3173],{"class":75},[69,52636,80],{"class":79},[69,52638,49000],{"class":1203},[69,52640,52641],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,52642,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,52644,52645,52647,52649,52651],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,52646,172],{"class":128},[69,52648,132],{"class":83},[69,52650,3198],{"class":146},[69,52652,166],{"class":83},[69,52654,52655,52657,52659,52661,52663,52665],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,52656,172],{"class":128},[69,52658,132],{"class":83},[69,52660,641],{"class":177},[69,52662,132],{"class":83},[69,52664,3198],{"class":146},[69,52666,318],{"class":83},[69,52668,52669,52671,52673,52675,52677,52679,52681,52683],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,52670,172],{"class":128},[69,52672,132],{"class":83},[69,52674,49348],{"class":128},[69,52676,132],{"class":83},[69,52678,3198],{"class":146},[69,52680,91],{"class":83},[69,52682,49377],{"class":177},[69,52684,318],{"class":83},[69,52686,52687,52689,52691,52693,52695,52697,52699,52701],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,52688,172],{"class":128},[69,52690,132],{"class":83},[69,52692,49348],{"class":128},[69,52694,132],{"class":83},[69,52696,3198],{"class":146},[69,52698,91],{"class":83},[69,52700,2162],{"class":177},[69,52702,318],{"class":83},[69,52704,52705,52707,52709,52711,52713,52715,52717,52719],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,52706,172],{"class":128},[69,52708,132],{"class":83},[69,52710,49348],{"class":128},[69,52712,132],{"class":83},[69,52714,3198],{"class":146},[69,52716,91],{"class":83},[69,52718,9857],{"class":177},[69,52720,318],{"class":83},[20,52722,52723],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52725,52726],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[60,52728,52730],{"className":62,"code":52729,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52731,52732,52744,52748,52762],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,52733,52734,52736,52738,52740,52742],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,52735,3173],{"class":75},[69,52737,80],{"class":79},[69,52739,881],{"class":699},[69,52741,1275],{"class":703},[69,52743,4079],{"class":699},[69,52745,52746],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,52747,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,52749,52750,52752,52754,52756,52758,52760],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,52751,1712],{"class":1053},[69,52753,22274],{"class":75},[69,52755,12885],{"class":79},[69,52757,8786],{"class":79},[69,52759,1282],{"class":1203},[69,52761,1579],{"class":83},[69,52763,52764,52766,52768,52770,52772,52774],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,52765,8756],{"class":128},[69,52767,132],{"class":83},[69,52769,11850],{"class":128},[69,52771,132],{"class":83},[69,52773,3198],{"class":146},[69,52775,318],{"class":83},[20,52777,52778,52779,537],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[533,52780,9128],{"href":3026},[55,52782,1771],{"id":1770},[20,52784,23783,52785,143],{},[15,52786,42831],{},[29,52788,52789,52797,52805,52813,52819],{},[32,52790,840,52791,52793,52794],{},[15,52792,42831],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52795,52796],{},"len(5)",[32,52798,840,52799,52801,52802],{},[15,52800,42831],{}," on a float like ",[15,52803,52804],{},"len(3.14)",[32,52806,840,52807,52809,52810,52812],{},[15,52808,42831],{}," on ",[15,52811,1181],{}," after a function returns nothing",[32,52814,5283,52815,52818],{},[15,52816,52817],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[32,52820,52821],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52823,52824],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[60,52826,52828],{"className":62,"code":52827,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52829,52830,52866],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,52831,52832,52834,52836,52838,52840,52842,52844,52846,52848,52850,52852,52854,52856,52858,52860,52862,52864],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,52833,13897],{"class":75},[69,52835,80],{"class":79},[69,52837,11177],{"class":83},[69,52839,871],{"class":699},[69,52841,8356],{"class":703},[69,52843,871],{"class":699},[69,52845,143],{"class":83},[69,52847,881],{"class":699},[69,52849,13572],{"class":703},[69,52851,871],{"class":699},[69,52853,91],{"class":83},[69,52855,881],{"class":699},[69,52857,9985],{"class":703},[69,52859,871],{"class":699},[69,52861,143],{"class":83},[69,52863,454],{"class":87},[69,52865,9994],{"class":83},[69,52867,52868,52870,52872,52874,52876,52878,52880],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,52869,172],{"class":128},[69,52871,132],{"class":83},[69,52873,11850],{"class":128},[69,52875,132],{"class":83},[69,52877,17996],{"class":146},[69,52879,186],{"class":83},[69,52881,51889],{"class":189},[20,52883,40,52884,52886,52887,5096,52889,537],{},[15,52885,1155],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52888,15931],{},[15,52890,52891],{},"\"age\"",[20,52893,52894],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[60,52896,52898],{"className":62,"code":52897,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52899,52900,52913],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,52901,52902,52904,52906,52908,52911],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,52903,35378],{"class":75},[69,52905,80],{"class":79},[69,52907,881],{"class":699},[69,52909,52910],{"class":703},"a b",[69,52912,4079],{"class":699},[69,52914,52915,52917,52919,52921,52923,52925,52927],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,52916,172],{"class":128},[69,52918,132],{"class":83},[69,52920,11850],{"class":128},[69,52922,132],{"class":83},[69,52924,35399],{"class":146},[69,52926,186],{"class":83},[69,52928,51244],{"class":189},[20,52930,52931],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[55,52933,2519],{"id":2518},[377,52935,52937],{"id":52936},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52939,52940],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[377,52942,52944],{"id":52943},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52946,52947],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[377,52949,52951],{"id":52950},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52953,52954],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[377,52956,52958],{"id":52957},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52960,52961,52962,52964,52965,394,52967,52969,52970,537],{},"No. Using ",[15,52963,42831],{}," on an ",[15,52966,2919],{},[15,52968,2923],{}," raises a ",[15,52971,3728],{},[377,52973,52975],{"id":52974},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52977,8451,52978,537],{},[15,52979,52980],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52982,234],{},[60,52984,52986],{"className":62,"code":52985,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52987,52988,52996,53000,53018],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,52989,52990,52992,52994],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,52991,8995],{"class":75},[69,52993,80],{"class":79},[69,52995,1561],{"class":83},[69,52997,52998],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,52999,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,53001,53002,53004,53006,53008,53010,53012,53014,53016],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,53003,1712],{"class":1053},[69,53005,930],{"class":128},[69,53007,132],{"class":83},[69,53009,9026],{"class":146},[69,53011,938],{"class":83},[69,53013,155],{"class":79},[69,53015,158],{"class":87},[69,53017,1579],{"class":83},[69,53019,53020,53022,53024,53026,53029,53031],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,53021,8756],{"class":128},[69,53023,132],{"class":83},[69,53025,871],{"class":699},[69,53027,53028],{"class":703},"Empty list",[69,53030,871],{"class":699},[69,53032,166],{"class":83},[20,53034,53035,53036,53038,53039,53041,53042,53044],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,53037,230],{}," in an ",[15,53040,1712],{}," statement, but ",[15,53043,42831],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[55,53046,2620],{"id":2619},[29,53048,53049,53053,53057,53061,53066,53070,53076],{},[32,53050,53051],{},[533,53052,51450],{"href":51449},[32,53054,53055],{},[533,53056,51454],{"href":51453},[32,53058,53059],{},[533,53060,9842],{"href":9841},[32,53062,53063],{},[533,53064,53065],{"href":52020},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[32,53067,53068],{},[533,53069,9128],{"href":3026},[32,53071,53072],{},[533,53073,53075],{"href":53074},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[32,53077,53078],{},[533,53079,53080],{"href":52611},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2650,53082,53083],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":53085},[53086,53087,53088,53089,53090,53091,53092,53098,53099,53100,53101,53108],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":51252,"depth":120,"text":51253},{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":51597,"depth":120,"text":51598},{"id":51784,"depth":120,"text":51785},{"id":52024,"depth":120,"text":52025},{"id":41514,"depth":120,"text":41515,"children":53093},[53094,53095,53096,53097],{"id":52243,"depth":169,"text":52244},{"id":52297,"depth":169,"text":52298},{"id":52348,"depth":169,"text":52349},{"id":52429,"depth":169,"text":52430},{"id":52501,"depth":120,"text":52502},{"id":52615,"depth":120,"text":52616},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":53102},[53103,53104,53105,53106,53107],{"id":52936,"depth":169,"text":52937},{"id":52943,"depth":169,"text":52944},{"id":52950,"depth":169,"text":52951},{"id":52957,"depth":169,"text":52958},{"id":52974,"depth":169,"text":52975},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":51135,"description":53109},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":53116,"title":53117,"body":53118,"description":54803,"extension":2697,"meta":54804,"navigation":272,"path":54805,"seo":54806,"stem":54807,"__hash__":54808},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":53119,"toc":54776},[53120,53123,53137,53143,53145,53199,53204,53208,53224,53227,53241,53247,53249,53252,53271,53287,53289,53365,53367,53404,53415,53417,53420,53481,53483,53516,53519,53525,53529,53532,53657,53659,53718,53726,53779,53781,53808,53814,53824,53828,53831,53836,53888,53890,53916,53922,53976,53978,54003,54006,54030,54036,54038,54042,54044,54101,54103,54111,54113,54135,54137,54190,54192,54216,54220,54222,54261,54263,54271,54277,54281,54333,54335,54361,54369,54373,54378,54387,54389,54455,54457,54489,54493,54498,54500,54514,54517,54590,54592,54618,54620,54624,54631,54635,54642,54646,54649,54651,54704,54706,54732,54736,54745,54747,54773],[10,53121,53117],{"id":53122},"python-list-append-method",[20,53124,2714,53125,53128,53129,53132,53133,53136],{},[15,53126,53127],{},"append()"," method adds ",[42,53130,53131],{},"one item"," to the ",[42,53134,53135],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,53138,53139,53140,53142],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[42,53141,5334],{}," create a new list.",[55,53144,4327],{"id":4326},[60,53146,53148],{"className":62,"code":53147,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53149,53150,53170,53184,53194],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53151,53152,53154,53156,53158,53160,53162,53164,53166,53168],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53153,76],{"class":75},[69,53155,80],{"class":79},[69,53157,84],{"class":83},[69,53159,88],{"class":87},[69,53161,91],{"class":83},[69,53163,94],{"class":87},[69,53165,91],{"class":83},[69,53167,99],{"class":87},[69,53169,117],{"class":83},[69,53171,53172,53174,53176,53178,53180,53182],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,53173,4366],{"class":75},[69,53175,537],{"class":83},[69,53177,1606],{"class":146},[69,53179,132],{"class":83},[69,53181,334],{"class":87},[69,53183,166],{"class":83},[69,53185,53186,53188,53190,53192],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,53187,172],{"class":128},[69,53189,132],{"class":83},[69,53191,4366],{"class":146},[69,53193,166],{"class":83},[69,53195,53196],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,53197,53198],{"class":189},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,53200,1378,53201,53203],{},[15,53202,53127],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[55,53205,53207],{"id":53206},"what-append-does","What append() does",[29,53209,53210,53215,53218,53221],{},[32,53211,53212,53214],{},[15,53213,53127],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[32,53216,53217],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[32,53219,53220],{},"It does not create a new list",[32,53222,53223],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,53225,53226],{},"This means you can append:",[29,53228,53229,53231,53233,53235,53237,53239],{},[32,53230,4366],{},[32,53232,6009],{},[32,53234,41063],{},[32,53236,6000],{},[32,53238,7939],{},[32,53240,35352],{},[20,53242,53243,53244,537],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[533,53245,53246],{"href":51453},"Python lists explained for beginners",[55,53248,6131],{"id":6130},[20,53250,53251],{},"Basic form:",[60,53253,53255],{"className":62,"code":53254,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,53256,53257],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53258,53259,53261,53263,53265,53267,53269],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53260,9026],{"class":75},[69,53262,537],{"class":83},[69,53264,1606],{"class":146},[69,53266,132],{"class":83},[69,53268,23999],{"class":146},[69,53270,166],{"class":83},[29,53272,53273,53278,53283],{},[32,53274,53275,53277],{},[15,53276,9026],{}," is the list you want to change",[32,53279,53280,53282],{},[15,53281,23999],{}," is the value or object to add",[32,53284,12602,53285],{},[15,53286,1181],{},[20,53288,234],{},[60,53290,53292],{"className":62,"code":53291,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,53293,53294,53318,53341,53345,53355],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53295,53296,53298,53300,53302,53304,53306,53308,53310,53312,53314,53316],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53297,36929],{"class":75},[69,53299,80],{"class":79},[69,53301,84],{"class":83},[69,53303,871],{"class":699},[69,53305,874],{"class":703},[69,53307,871],{"class":699},[69,53309,91],{"class":83},[69,53311,881],{"class":699},[69,53313,893],{"class":703},[69,53315,871],{"class":699},[69,53317,117],{"class":83},[69,53319,53320,53322,53324,53327,53329,53331,53333,53335,53337,53339],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,53321,123],{"class":75},[69,53323,80],{"class":79},[69,53325,53326],{"class":75}," fruits",[69,53328,537],{"class":83},[69,53330,1606],{"class":146},[69,53332,132],{"class":83},[69,53334,871],{"class":699},[69,53336,33911],{"class":703},[69,53338,871],{"class":699},[69,53340,166],{"class":83},[69,53342,53343],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,53344,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,53346,53347,53349,53351,53353],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,53348,172],{"class":128},[69,53350,132],{"class":83},[69,53352,36981],{"class":146},[69,53354,166],{"class":83},[69,53356,53357,53359,53361,53363],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,53358,172],{"class":128},[69,53360,132],{"class":83},[69,53362,183],{"class":146},[69,53364,166],{"class":83},[20,53366,321],{},[60,53368,53370],{"className":62,"code":53369,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,53371,53372,53400],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53373,53374,53376,53378,53380,53382,53384,53386,53388,53390,53392,53394,53396,53398],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53375,331],{"class":83},[69,53377,706],{"class":699},[69,53379,874],{"class":703},[69,53381,706],{"class":699},[69,53383,91],{"class":83},[69,53385,700],{"class":699},[69,53387,893],{"class":703},[69,53389,706],{"class":699},[69,53391,91],{"class":83},[69,53393,700],{"class":699},[69,53395,33911],{"class":703},[69,53397,706],{"class":699},[69,53399,117],{"class":83},[69,53401,53402],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,53403,12499],{"class":1203},[20,53405,53406,53407,53409,53410,53412,53413,537],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53408,53127],{}," updates ",[15,53411,36981],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53414,1181],{},[55,53416,12165],{"id":12164},[20,53418,53419],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[60,53421,53423],{"className":62,"code":53422,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53424,53425,53449,53467,53471],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53426,53427,53429,53431,53433,53435,53437,53439,53441,53443,53445,53447],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53428,13768],{"class":75},[69,53430,80],{"class":79},[69,53432,84],{"class":83},[69,53434,871],{"class":699},[69,53436,13785],{"class":703},[69,53438,871],{"class":699},[69,53440,91],{"class":83},[69,53442,881],{"class":699},[69,53444,13802],{"class":703},[69,53446,871],{"class":699},[69,53448,117],{"class":83},[69,53450,53451,53453,53455,53457,53459,53461,53463,53465],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,53452,18192],{"class":75},[69,53454,537],{"class":83},[69,53456,1606],{"class":146},[69,53458,132],{"class":83},[69,53460,871],{"class":699},[69,53462,18145],{"class":703},[69,53464,871],{"class":699},[69,53466,166],{"class":83},[69,53468,53469],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,53470,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,53472,53473,53475,53477,53479],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,53474,172],{"class":128},[69,53476,132],{"class":83},[69,53478,18192],{"class":146},[69,53480,166],{"class":83},[20,53482,321],{},[60,53484,53486],{"className":62,"code":53485,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53487,53488],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53489,53490,53492,53494,53496,53498,53500,53502,53504,53506,53508,53510,53512,53514],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53491,331],{"class":83},[69,53493,706],{"class":699},[69,53495,13785],{"class":703},[69,53497,706],{"class":699},[69,53499,91],{"class":83},[69,53501,700],{"class":699},[69,53503,13802],{"class":703},[69,53505,706],{"class":699},[69,53507,91],{"class":83},[69,53509,700],{"class":699},[69,53511,18145],{"class":703},[69,53513,706],{"class":699},[69,53515,117],{"class":83},[20,53517,53518],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53520,31772,53521,537],{},[533,53522,53524],{"href":53523},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[55,53526,53528],{"id":53527},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53530,53531],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[60,53533,53535],{"className":62,"code":53534,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53536,53537,53545,53549,53563,53581,53595,53621,53643,53647],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53538,53539,53541,53543],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53540,1252],{"class":75},[69,53542,80],{"class":79},[69,53544,1561],{"class":83},[69,53546,53547],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,53548,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,53550,53551,53553,53555,53557,53559,53561],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,53552,8497],{"class":75},[69,53554,537],{"class":83},[69,53556,1606],{"class":146},[69,53558,132],{"class":83},[69,53560,444],{"class":87},[69,53562,166],{"class":83},[69,53564,53565,53567,53569,53571,53573,53575,53577,53579],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,53566,8497],{"class":75},[69,53568,537],{"class":83},[69,53570,1606],{"class":146},[69,53572,132],{"class":83},[69,53574,871],{"class":699},[69,53576,1275],{"class":703},[69,53578,871],{"class":699},[69,53580,166],{"class":83},[69,53582,53583,53585,53587,53589,53591,53593],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,53584,8497],{"class":75},[69,53586,537],{"class":83},[69,53588,1606],{"class":146},[69,53590,132],{"class":83},[69,53592,224],{"class":1203},[69,53594,166],{"class":83},[69,53596,53597,53599,53601,53603,53605,53607,53609,53611,53613,53615,53617,53619],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,53598,8497],{"class":75},[69,53600,537],{"class":83},[69,53602,1606],{"class":146},[69,53604,6229],{"class":83},[69,53606,871],{"class":699},[69,53608,8356],{"class":703},[69,53610,871],{"class":699},[69,53612,143],{"class":83},[69,53614,881],{"class":699},[69,53616,8365],{"class":703},[69,53618,871],{"class":699},[69,53620,31185],{"class":83},[69,53622,53623,53625,53627,53629,53631,53633,53635,53637,53639,53641],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,53624,8497],{"class":75},[69,53626,537],{"class":83},[69,53628,1606],{"class":146},[69,53630,3710],{"class":83},[69,53632,88],{"class":87},[69,53634,91],{"class":83},[69,53636,94],{"class":87},[69,53638,91],{"class":83},[69,53640,99],{"class":87},[69,53642,618],{"class":83},[69,53644,53645],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,53646,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,53648,53649,53651,53653,53655],{"class":71,"line":7120},[69,53650,172],{"class":128},[69,53652,132],{"class":83},[69,53654,8497],{"class":146},[69,53656,166],{"class":83},[20,53658,321],{},[60,53660,53662],{"className":62,"code":53661,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53663,53664],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53665,53666,53668,53670,53672,53674,53676,53678,53680,53682,53684,53686,53688,53690,53692,53694,53696,53698,53700,53703,53705,53707,53709,53711,53713,53715],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53667,331],{"class":83},[69,53669,444],{"class":87},[69,53671,91],{"class":83},[69,53673,700],{"class":699},[69,53675,1275],{"class":703},[69,53677,706],{"class":699},[69,53679,91],{"class":83},[69,53681,1287],{"class":1203},[69,53683,91],{"class":83},[69,53685,11177],{"class":83},[69,53687,706],{"class":699},[69,53689,8356],{"class":703},[69,53691,706],{"class":699},[69,53693,143],{"class":83},[69,53695,700],{"class":699},[69,53697,8365],{"class":703},[69,53699,706],{"class":699},[69,53701,53702],{"class":83},"},",[69,53704,84],{"class":83},[69,53706,88],{"class":87},[69,53708,91],{"class":83},[69,53710,94],{"class":87},[69,53712,91],{"class":83},[69,53714,99],{"class":87},[69,53716,53717],{"class":83},"]]\n",[20,53719,53720,53721,42625,53723,537],{},"A list added with ",[15,53722,53127],{},[42,53724,53725],{},"one single item",[60,53727,53729],{"className":62,"code":53728,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53730,53731,53747,53765,53769],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53732,53733,53735,53737,53739,53741,53743,53745],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53734,76],{"class":75},[69,53736,80],{"class":79},[69,53738,84],{"class":83},[69,53740,88],{"class":87},[69,53742,91],{"class":83},[69,53744,94],{"class":87},[69,53746,117],{"class":83},[69,53748,53749,53751,53753,53755,53757,53759,53761,53763],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,53750,4366],{"class":75},[69,53752,537],{"class":83},[69,53754,1606],{"class":146},[69,53756,3710],{"class":83},[69,53758,346],{"class":87},[69,53760,91],{"class":83},[69,53762,104],{"class":87},[69,53764,618],{"class":83},[69,53766,53767],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,53768,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,53770,53771,53773,53775,53777],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,53772,172],{"class":128},[69,53774,132],{"class":83},[69,53776,4366],{"class":146},[69,53778,166],{"class":83},[20,53780,321],{},[60,53782,53784],{"className":62,"code":53783,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53785,53786],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53787,53788,53790,53792,53794,53796,53798,53800,53802,53804,53806],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53789,331],{"class":83},[69,53791,88],{"class":87},[69,53793,91],{"class":83},[69,53795,94],{"class":87},[69,53797,91],{"class":83},[69,53799,84],{"class":83},[69,53801,346],{"class":87},[69,53803,91],{"class":83},[69,53805,104],{"class":87},[69,53807,53717],{"class":83},[20,53809,3013,53810,53813],{},[15,53811,53812],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53815,53816,53817,53823],{},"This is different from ",[533,53818,53820],{"href":53819},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53821,53822],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[55,53825,53827],{"id":53826},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53829,53830],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[377,53832,840,53834],{"id":53833},"using-append",[15,53835,53127],{},[60,53837,53838],{"className":62,"code":53728,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,53839,53840,53856,53874,53878],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53841,53842,53844,53846,53848,53850,53852,53854],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53843,76],{"class":75},[69,53845,80],{"class":79},[69,53847,84],{"class":83},[69,53849,88],{"class":87},[69,53851,91],{"class":83},[69,53853,94],{"class":87},[69,53855,117],{"class":83},[69,53857,53858,53860,53862,53864,53866,53868,53870,53872],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,53859,4366],{"class":75},[69,53861,537],{"class":83},[69,53863,1606],{"class":146},[69,53865,3710],{"class":83},[69,53867,346],{"class":87},[69,53869,91],{"class":83},[69,53871,104],{"class":87},[69,53873,618],{"class":83},[69,53875,53876],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,53877,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,53879,53880,53882,53884,53886],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,53881,172],{"class":128},[69,53883,132],{"class":83},[69,53885,4366],{"class":146},[69,53887,166],{"class":83},[20,53889,321],{},[60,53891,53892],{"className":62,"code":53783,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,53893,53894],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53895,53896,53898,53900,53902,53904,53906,53908,53910,53912,53914],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53897,331],{"class":83},[69,53899,88],{"class":87},[69,53901,91],{"class":83},[69,53903,94],{"class":87},[69,53905,91],{"class":83},[69,53907,84],{"class":83},[69,53909,346],{"class":87},[69,53911,91],{"class":83},[69,53913,104],{"class":87},[69,53915,53717],{"class":83},[377,53917,840,53919],{"id":53918},"using-extend",[15,53920,53921],{},"extend()",[60,53923,53925],{"className":62,"code":53924,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53926,53927,53943,53962,53966],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53928,53929,53931,53933,53935,53937,53939,53941],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53930,76],{"class":75},[69,53932,80],{"class":79},[69,53934,84],{"class":83},[69,53936,88],{"class":87},[69,53938,91],{"class":83},[69,53940,94],{"class":87},[69,53942,117],{"class":83},[69,53944,53945,53947,53949,53952,53954,53956,53958,53960],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,53946,4366],{"class":75},[69,53948,537],{"class":83},[69,53950,53951],{"class":146},"extend",[69,53953,3710],{"class":83},[69,53955,346],{"class":87},[69,53957,91],{"class":83},[69,53959,104],{"class":87},[69,53961,618],{"class":83},[69,53963,53964],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,53965,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,53967,53968,53970,53972,53974],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,53969,172],{"class":128},[69,53971,132],{"class":83},[69,53973,4366],{"class":146},[69,53975,166],{"class":83},[20,53977,321],{},[60,53979,53981],{"className":62,"code":53980,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53982,53983],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,53984,53985,53987,53989,53991,53993,53995,53997,53999,54001],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,53986,331],{"class":83},[69,53988,88],{"class":87},[69,53990,91],{"class":83},[69,53992,94],{"class":87},[69,53994,91],{"class":83},[69,53996,99],{"class":87},[69,53998,91],{"class":83},[69,54000,104],{"class":87},[69,54002,117],{"class":83},[20,54004,54005],{},"The difference:",[29,54007,54008,54014,54020,54025],{},[32,54009,54010,54013],{},[15,54011,54012],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[32,54015,54016,54019],{},[15,54017,54018],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[32,54021,1378,54022,54024],{},[15,54023,53127],{}," for one item",[32,54026,1378,54027,54029],{},[15,54028,53921],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,54031,54032,54033,537],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[533,54034,54035],{"href":53819},"Python list extend() method",[55,54037,5222],{"id":5221},[377,54039,54041],{"id":54040},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,54043,26378],{},[60,54045,54047],{"className":62,"code":54046,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,54048,54049,54069,54087,54091],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54050,54051,54053,54055,54057,54059,54061,54063,54065,54067],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54052,1252],{"class":75},[69,54054,80],{"class":79},[69,54056,84],{"class":83},[69,54058,88],{"class":87},[69,54060,91],{"class":83},[69,54062,94],{"class":87},[69,54064,91],{"class":83},[69,54066,99],{"class":87},[69,54068,117],{"class":83},[69,54070,54071,54073,54075,54077,54079,54081,54083,54085],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,54072,1252],{"class":75},[69,54074,80],{"class":79},[69,54076,1319],{"class":75},[69,54078,537],{"class":83},[69,54080,1606],{"class":146},[69,54082,132],{"class":83},[69,54084,334],{"class":87},[69,54086,166],{"class":83},[69,54088,54089],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,54090,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,54092,54093,54095,54097,54099],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,54094,172],{"class":128},[69,54096,132],{"class":83},[69,54098,8497],{"class":146},[69,54100,166],{"class":83},[20,54102,321],{},[60,54104,54105],{"className":62,"code":12499,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,54106,54107],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54108,54109],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54110,12499],{"class":1203},[20,54112,12591],{},[29,54114,54115,54120,54126],{},[32,54116,54117,54119],{},[15,54118,53127],{}," changes the list in place",[32,54121,54122,1172,54124],{},[15,54123,53127],{},[15,54125,1181],{},[32,54127,54128,54129,54132,54133],{},"So ",[15,54130,54131],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,54134,1181],{},[20,54136,11495],{},[60,54138,54140],{"className":62,"code":54139,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,54141,54142,54162,54176,54180],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54143,54144,54146,54148,54150,54152,54154,54156,54158,54160],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54145,1252],{"class":75},[69,54147,80],{"class":79},[69,54149,84],{"class":83},[69,54151,88],{"class":87},[69,54153,91],{"class":83},[69,54155,94],{"class":87},[69,54157,91],{"class":83},[69,54159,99],{"class":87},[69,54161,117],{"class":83},[69,54163,54164,54166,54168,54170,54172,54174],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,54165,8497],{"class":75},[69,54167,537],{"class":83},[69,54169,1606],{"class":146},[69,54171,132],{"class":83},[69,54173,334],{"class":87},[69,54175,166],{"class":83},[69,54177,54178],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,54179,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,54181,54182,54184,54186,54188],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,54183,172],{"class":128},[69,54185,132],{"class":83},[69,54187,8497],{"class":146},[69,54189,166],{"class":83},[20,54191,321],{},[60,54193,54194],{"className":62,"code":53980,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,54195,54196],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54197,54198,54200,54202,54204,54206,54208,54210,54212,54214],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54199,331],{"class":83},[69,54201,88],{"class":87},[69,54203,91],{"class":83},[69,54205,94],{"class":87},[69,54207,91],{"class":83},[69,54209,99],{"class":87},[69,54211,91],{"class":83},[69,54213,104],{"class":87},[69,54215,117],{"class":83},[377,54217,54219],{"id":54218},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,54221,19604],{},[60,54223,54225],{"className":62,"code":54224,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,54226,54227,54251],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54228,54229,54231,54233,54235,54237,54239,54241,54243,54245,54247,54249],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54230,32572],{"class":75},[69,54232,80],{"class":79},[69,54234,84],{"class":83},[69,54236,88],{"class":87},[69,54238,91],{"class":83},[69,54240,94],{"class":87},[69,54242,14243],{"class":83},[69,54244,1606],{"class":146},[69,54246,132],{"class":83},[69,54248,346],{"class":87},[69,54250,166],{"class":83},[69,54252,54253,54255,54257,54259],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,54254,172],{"class":128},[69,54256,132],{"class":83},[69,54258,32591],{"class":146},[69,54260,166],{"class":83},[20,54262,321],{},[60,54264,54265],{"className":62,"code":12499,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,54266,54267],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54268,54269],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54270,12499],{"class":1203},[20,54272,54273,54274,54276],{},"Remember: ",[15,54275,53127],{}," updates the list you already have.",[377,54278,54280],{"id":54279},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[60,54282,54283],{"className":62,"code":53728,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,54284,54285,54301,54319,54323],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54286,54287,54289,54291,54293,54295,54297,54299],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54288,76],{"class":75},[69,54290,80],{"class":79},[69,54292,84],{"class":83},[69,54294,88],{"class":87},[69,54296,91],{"class":83},[69,54298,94],{"class":87},[69,54300,117],{"class":83},[69,54302,54303,54305,54307,54309,54311,54313,54315,54317],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,54304,4366],{"class":75},[69,54306,537],{"class":83},[69,54308,1606],{"class":146},[69,54310,3710],{"class":83},[69,54312,346],{"class":87},[69,54314,91],{"class":83},[69,54316,104],{"class":87},[69,54318,618],{"class":83},[69,54320,54321],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,54322,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,54324,54325,54327,54329,54331],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,54326,172],{"class":128},[69,54328,132],{"class":83},[69,54330,4366],{"class":146},[69,54332,166],{"class":83},[20,54334,321],{},[60,54336,54337],{"className":62,"code":53783,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,54338,54339],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54340,54341,54343,54345,54347,54349,54351,54353,54355,54357,54359],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54342,331],{"class":83},[69,54344,88],{"class":87},[69,54346,91],{"class":83},[69,54348,94],{"class":87},[69,54350,91],{"class":83},[69,54352,84],{"class":83},[69,54354,346],{"class":87},[69,54356,91],{"class":83},[69,54358,104],{"class":87},[69,54360,53717],{"class":83},[20,54362,3893,54363,54366,54367,7319],{},[15,54364,54365],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,54368,53921],{},[377,54370,54372],{"id":54371},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,54374,54375,54377],{},[15,54376,53127],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,54379,54380,54381,537],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[533,54382,54384],{"href":54383},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,54385,54386],{},"list.insert()",[20,54388,234],{},[60,54390,54392],{"className":62,"code":54391,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,54393,54394,54418,54441,54445],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54395,54396,54398,54400,54402,54404,54406,54408,54410,54412,54414,54416],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54397,36780],{"class":75},[69,54399,80],{"class":79},[69,54401,84],{"class":83},[69,54403,871],{"class":699},[69,54405,533],{"class":703},[69,54407,871],{"class":699},[69,54409,91],{"class":83},[69,54411,881],{"class":699},[69,54413,10425],{"class":703},[69,54415,871],{"class":699},[69,54417,117],{"class":83},[69,54419,54420,54422,54424,54427,54429,54431,54433,54435,54437,54439],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,54421,36833],{"class":75},[69,54423,537],{"class":83},[69,54425,54426],{"class":146},"insert",[69,54428,132],{"class":83},[69,54430,88],{"class":87},[69,54432,91],{"class":83},[69,54434,881],{"class":699},[69,54436,5465],{"class":703},[69,54438,871],{"class":699},[69,54440,166],{"class":83},[69,54442,54443],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,54444,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,54446,54447,54449,54451,54453],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,54448,172],{"class":128},[69,54450,132],{"class":83},[69,54452,36833],{"class":146},[69,54454,166],{"class":83},[20,54456,321],{},[60,54458,54459],{"className":62,"code":43346,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,54460,54461],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54462,54463,54465,54467,54469,54471,54473,54475,54477,54479,54481,54483,54485,54487],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54464,331],{"class":83},[69,54466,706],{"class":699},[69,54468,533],{"class":703},[69,54470,706],{"class":699},[69,54472,91],{"class":83},[69,54474,700],{"class":699},[69,54476,5465],{"class":703},[69,54478,706],{"class":699},[69,54480,91],{"class":83},[69,54482,700],{"class":699},[69,54484,10425],{"class":703},[69,54486,706],{"class":699},[69,54488,117],{"class":83},[55,54490,54492],{"id":54491},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54494,54495,54497],{},[15,54496,53127],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54499,37116],{},[29,54501,54502,54505,54508,54511],{},[32,54503,54504],{},"building a list in a loop",[32,54506,54507],{},"collecting user input",[32,54509,54510],{},"storing results step by step",[32,54512,54513],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54515,54516],{},"Example with a loop:",[60,54518,54520],{"className":62,"code":54519,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54521,54522,54531,54535,54556,54575,54579],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54523,54524,54527,54529],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54525,54526],{"class":75},"squares ",[69,54528,80],{"class":79},[69,54530,1561],{"class":83},[69,54532,54533],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,54534,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,54536,54537,54539,54541,54543,54546,54548,54550,54552,54554],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,54538,1514],{"class":1053},[69,54540,1057],{"class":75},[69,54542,1574],{"class":1053},[69,54544,54545],{"class":128}," range",[69,54547,132],{"class":83},[69,54549,88],{"class":87},[69,54551,91],{"class":83},[69,54553,109],{"class":87},[69,54555,1048],{"class":83},[69,54557,54558,54561,54563,54565,54567,54569,54571,54573],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,54559,54560],{"class":75},"    squares",[69,54562,537],{"class":83},[69,54564,1606],{"class":146},[69,54566,132],{"class":83},[69,54568,1700],{"class":146},[69,54570,2470],{"class":79},[69,54572,2928],{"class":146},[69,54574,166],{"class":83},[69,54576,54577],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,54578,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,54580,54581,54583,54585,54588],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,54582,172],{"class":128},[69,54584,132],{"class":83},[69,54586,54587],{"class":146},"squares",[69,54589,166],{"class":83},[20,54591,321],{},[60,54593,54595],{"className":62,"code":54594,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54596,54597],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54598,54599,54601,54603,54605,54607,54609,54612,54614,54616],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54600,331],{"class":83},[69,54602,88],{"class":87},[69,54604,91],{"class":83},[69,54606,104],{"class":87},[69,54608,91],{"class":83},[69,54610,54611],{"class":87}," 9",[69,54613,91],{"class":83},[69,54615,14680],{"class":87},[69,54617,117],{"class":83},[55,54619,2519],{"id":2518},[377,54621,54623],{"id":54622},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54625,46837,54626,54628,54629,537],{},[15,54627,53127],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54630,1181],{},[377,54632,54634],{"id":54633},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54636,54637,54638,537],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[533,54639,54640],{"href":53819},[15,54641,53921],{},[377,54643,54645],{"id":54644},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54647,54648],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54650,234],{},[60,54652,54654],{"className":62,"code":54653,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54655,54656,54672,54690,54694],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54657,54658,54660,54662,54664,54666,54668,54670],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54659,9852],{"class":75},[69,54661,80],{"class":79},[69,54663,84],{"class":83},[69,54665,88],{"class":87},[69,54667,91],{"class":83},[69,54669,94],{"class":87},[69,54671,117],{"class":83},[69,54673,54674,54676,54678,54680,54682,54684,54686,54688],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,54675,9891],{"class":75},[69,54677,537],{"class":83},[69,54679,1606],{"class":146},[69,54681,3710],{"class":83},[69,54683,346],{"class":87},[69,54685,91],{"class":83},[69,54687,104],{"class":87},[69,54689,618],{"class":83},[69,54691,54692],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,54693,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,54695,54696,54698,54700,54702],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,54697,172],{"class":128},[69,54699,132],{"class":83},[69,54701,9891],{"class":146},[69,54703,166],{"class":83},[20,54705,321],{},[60,54707,54708],{"className":62,"code":53783,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,54709,54710],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54711,54712,54714,54716,54718,54720,54722,54724,54726,54728,54730],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54713,331],{"class":83},[69,54715,88],{"class":87},[69,54717,91],{"class":83},[69,54719,94],{"class":87},[69,54721,91],{"class":83},[69,54723,84],{"class":83},[69,54725,346],{"class":87},[69,54727,91],{"class":83},[69,54729,104],{"class":87},[69,54731,53717],{"class":83},[377,54733,54735],{"id":54734},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54737,54738,54740,54741,54744],{},[15,54739,53127],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54742,54743],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[55,54746,2620],{"id":2619},[29,54748,54749,54754,54758,54763,54767],{},[32,54750,54751],{},[533,54752,54753],{"href":53523},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[32,54755,54756],{},[533,54757,54035],{"href":53819},[32,54759,54760],{},[533,54761,54762],{"href":54383},"Python list insert() method",[32,54764,54765],{},[533,54766,53246],{"href":51453},[32,54768,54769],{},[533,54770,54772],{"href":54771},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2650,54774,54775],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":54777},[54778,54779,54780,54781,54782,54783,54789,54795,54796,54802],{"id":4326,"depth":120,"text":4327},{"id":53206,"depth":120,"text":53207},{"id":6130,"depth":120,"text":6131},{"id":12164,"depth":120,"text":12165},{"id":53527,"depth":120,"text":53528},{"id":53826,"depth":120,"text":53827,"children":54784},[54785,54787],{"id":53833,"depth":169,"text":54786},"Using append()",{"id":53918,"depth":169,"text":54788},"Using extend()",{"id":5221,"depth":120,"text":5222,"children":54790},[54791,54792,54793,54794],{"id":54040,"depth":169,"text":54041},{"id":54218,"depth":169,"text":54219},{"id":54279,"depth":169,"text":54280},{"id":54371,"depth":169,"text":54372},{"id":54491,"depth":120,"text":54492},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":54797},[54798,54799,54800,54801],{"id":54622,"depth":169,"text":54623},{"id":54633,"depth":169,"text":54634},{"id":54644,"depth":169,"text":54645},{"id":54734,"depth":169,"text":54735},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":53117,"description":54803},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54810,"title":54811,"body":54812,"description":56056,"extension":2697,"meta":56057,"navigation":272,"path":56058,"seo":56059,"stem":56060,"__hash__":56061},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54813,"toc":56021},[54814,54820,54826,54832,54834,54882,54887,54892,54896,54912,54918,54920,54923,54938,54940,54951,54953,54955,55012,55014,55022,55024,55040,55046,55048,55054,55058,55142,55145,55194,55201,55209,55212,55226,55239,55245,55320,55327,55334,55408,55416,55419,55430,55439,55443,55447,55458,55460,55537,55558,55560,55570,55573,55621,55623,55644,55647,55649,55700,55706,55713,55780,55786,55792,55795,55822,55827,55833,55836,55908,55911,55922,55928,55930,55936,55939,55945,55951,55958,55966,55972,55978,55980,56018],[10,54815,54817,54818,12011],{"id":54816},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54819,12010],{},[20,54821,54822,54825],{},[15,54823,54824],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54827,54828,54829,54831],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[42,54830,12023],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[55,54833,4327],{"id":4326},[60,54835,54837],{"className":62,"code":54836,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54838,54839,54859,54869],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54840,54841,54843,54845,54847,54849,54851,54853,54855,54857],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54842,1252],{"class":75},[69,54844,80],{"class":79},[69,54846,84],{"class":83},[69,54848,88],{"class":87},[69,54850,91],{"class":83},[69,54852,94],{"class":87},[69,54854,91],{"class":83},[69,54856,99],{"class":87},[69,54858,117],{"class":83},[69,54860,54861,54863,54865,54867],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,54862,8497],{"class":75},[69,54864,537],{"class":83},[69,54866,12072],{"class":146},[69,54868,9329],{"class":83},[69,54870,54871,54873,54875,54877,54879],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,54872,172],{"class":128},[69,54874,132],{"class":83},[69,54876,8497],{"class":146},[69,54878,938],{"class":83},[69,54880,54881],{"class":189},"  # []\n",[20,54883,1378,54884,54886],{},[15,54885,12010],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[55,54888,202,54890,205],{"id":54889},"what-listclear-does",[15,54891,54824],{},[20,54893,54894,143],{},[15,54895,54824],{},[29,54897,54898,54901,54904,54909],{},[32,54899,54900],{},"Removes every item from a list",[32,54902,54903],{},"Changes the original list in place",[32,54905,54906,54907],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54908,4500],{},[32,54910,54911],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54913,54914,54915,54917],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54916,12010],{},", but it contains no values.",[55,54919,2888],{"id":2887},[20,54921,54922],{},"Syntax:",[60,54924,54926],{"className":62,"code":54925,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54927,54928],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54929,54930,54932,54934,54936],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54931,9026],{"class":75},[69,54933,537],{"class":83},[69,54935,12072],{"class":146},[69,54937,9329],{"class":83},[20,54939,12148],{},[29,54941,54942,54945,54948],{},[32,54943,54944],{},"Call it on a list object",[32,54946,54947],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[32,54949,54950],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[55,54952,12165],{"id":12164},[20,54954,12168],{},[60,54956,54958],{"className":62,"code":54957,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54959,54960,54984,54988,54998,55002],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,54961,54962,54964,54966,54968,54970,54972,54974,54976,54978,54980,54982],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,54963,76],{"class":75},[69,54965,80],{"class":79},[69,54967,84],{"class":83},[69,54969,444],{"class":87},[69,54971,91],{"class":83},[69,54973,454],{"class":87},[69,54975,91],{"class":83},[69,54977,8482],{"class":87},[69,54979,91],{"class":83},[69,54981,51317],{"class":87},[69,54983,117],{"class":83},[69,54985,54986],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,54987,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,54989,54990,54992,54994,54996],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,54991,4366],{"class":75},[69,54993,537],{"class":83},[69,54995,12072],{"class":146},[69,54997,9329],{"class":83},[69,54999,55000],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,55001,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,55003,55004,55006,55008,55010],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,55005,172],{"class":128},[69,55007,132],{"class":83},[69,55009,4366],{"class":146},[69,55011,166],{"class":83},[20,55013,321],{},[60,55015,55016],{"className":62,"code":833,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,55017,55018],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,55019,55020],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,55021,833],{"class":83},[20,55023,12374],{},[29,55025,55026,55031,55037],{},[32,55027,55028,55030],{},[15,55029,4366],{}," starts with four items",[32,55032,55033,55036],{},[15,55034,55035],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[32,55038,55039],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,55041,55042,55043,537],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[533,55044,53246],{"href":55045},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[55,55047,18108],{"id":18107},[20,55049,55050,1172,55052,537],{},[15,55051,12010],{},[15,55053,1181],{},[20,55055,41375,55056,53142],{},[42,55057,5334],{},[60,55059,55061],{"className":62,"code":55060,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,55062,55063,55095,55099,55113,55117,55130],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,55064,55065,55067,55069,55071,55073,55075,55077,55079,55081,55083,55085,55087,55089,55091,55093],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,55066,1252],{"class":75},[69,55068,80],{"class":79},[69,55070,84],{"class":83},[69,55072,871],{"class":699},[69,55074,533],{"class":703},[69,55076,871],{"class":699},[69,55078,91],{"class":83},[69,55080,881],{"class":699},[69,55082,5465],{"class":703},[69,55084,871],{"class":699},[69,55086,91],{"class":83},[69,55088,881],{"class":699},[69,55090,10425],{"class":703},[69,55092,871],{"class":699},[69,55094,117],{"class":83},[69,55096,55097],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,55098,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,55100,55101,55103,55105,55107,55109,55111],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,55102,123],{"class":75},[69,55104,80],{"class":79},[69,55106,1319],{"class":75},[69,55108,537],{"class":83},[69,55110,12072],{"class":146},[69,55112,9329],{"class":83},[69,55114,55115],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,55116,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,55118,55119,55121,55123,55125,55127],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,55120,172],{"class":128},[69,55122,132],{"class":83},[69,55124,8497],{"class":146},[69,55126,938],{"class":83},[69,55128,55129],{"class":189},"   # []\n",[69,55131,55132,55134,55136,55138,55140],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,55133,172],{"class":128},[69,55135,132],{"class":83},[69,55137,183],{"class":146},[69,55139,938],{"class":83},[69,55141,21566],{"class":189},[20,55143,55144],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[60,55146,55148],{"className":62,"code":55147,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,55149,55150,55170,55184],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,55151,55152,55154,55156,55158,55160,55162,55164,55166,55168],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,55153,1252],{"class":75},[69,55155,80],{"class":79},[69,55157,84],{"class":83},[69,55159,88],{"class":87},[69,55161,91],{"class":83},[69,55163,94],{"class":87},[69,55165,91],{"class":83},[69,55167,99],{"class":87},[69,55169,117],{"class":83},[69,55171,55172,55174,55176,55178,55180,55182],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,55173,1252],{"class":75},[69,55175,80],{"class":79},[69,55177,1319],{"class":75},[69,55179,537],{"class":83},[69,55181,12072],{"class":146},[69,55183,9329],{"class":83},[69,55185,55186,55188,55190,55192],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,55187,172],{"class":128},[69,55189,132],{"class":83},[69,55191,8497],{"class":146},[69,55193,166],{"class":83},[20,55195,12607,55196,42625,55198,55200],{},[15,55197,8497],{},[15,55199,1181],{},", not an empty list.",[55,55202,55204,55206,55207],{"id":55203},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,55205,12010],{}," vs assigning ",[15,55208,4500],{},[20,55210,55211],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[60,55213,55214],{"className":62,"code":54925,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,55215,55216],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,55217,55218,55220,55222,55224],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,55219,9026],{"class":75},[69,55221,537],{"class":83},[69,55223,12072],{"class":146},[69,55225,9329],{"class":83},[60,55227,55229],{"className":62,"code":55228,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list = []\n",[15,55230,55231],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,55232,55233,55235,55237],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,55234,8995],{"class":75},[69,55236,80],{"class":79},[69,55238,1561],{"class":83},[377,55240,55242,55244],{"id":55241},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,55243,12010],{}," empties the same list object",[60,55246,55248],{"className":62,"code":55247,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,55249,55250,55270,55278,55282,55292,55296,55308],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,55251,55252,55254,55256,55258,55260,55262,55264,55266,55268],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,55253,3280],{"class":75},[69,55255,80],{"class":79},[69,55257,84],{"class":83},[69,55259,88],{"class":87},[69,55261,91],{"class":83},[69,55263,94],{"class":87},[69,55265,91],{"class":83},[69,55267,99],{"class":87},[69,55269,117],{"class":83},[69,55271,55272,55274,55276],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,55273,3308],{"class":75},[69,55275,80],{"class":79},[69,55277,36865],{"class":75},[69,55279,55280],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,55281,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,55283,55284,55286,55288,55290],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,55285,533],{"class":75},[69,55287,537],{"class":83},[69,55289,12072],{"class":146},[69,55291,9329],{"class":83},[69,55293,55294],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,55295,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,55297,55298,55300,55302,55304,55306],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,55299,172],{"class":128},[69,55301,132],{"class":83},[69,55303,533],{"class":146},[69,55305,938],{"class":83},[69,55307,54881],{"class":189},[69,55309,55310,55312,55314,55316,55318],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,55311,172],{"class":128},[69,55313,132],{"class":83},[69,55315,5465],{"class":146},[69,55317,938],{"class":83},[69,55319,54881],{"class":189},[20,55321,11277,55322,5096,55324,55326],{},[15,55323,533],{},[15,55325,5465],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[377,55328,55330,55333],{"id":55329},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,55331,55332],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[60,55335,55337],{"className":62,"code":55336,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55338,55339,55359,55367,55371,55379,55383,55395],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,55340,55341,55343,55345,55347,55349,55351,55353,55355,55357],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,55342,3280],{"class":75},[69,55344,80],{"class":79},[69,55346,84],{"class":83},[69,55348,88],{"class":87},[69,55350,91],{"class":83},[69,55352,94],{"class":87},[69,55354,91],{"class":83},[69,55356,99],{"class":87},[69,55358,117],{"class":83},[69,55360,55361,55363,55365],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,55362,3308],{"class":75},[69,55364,80],{"class":79},[69,55366,36865],{"class":75},[69,55368,55369],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,55370,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,55372,55373,55375,55377],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,55374,3280],{"class":75},[69,55376,80],{"class":79},[69,55378,1561],{"class":83},[69,55380,55381],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,55382,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,55384,55385,55387,55389,55391,55393],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,55386,172],{"class":128},[69,55388,132],{"class":83},[69,55390,533],{"class":146},[69,55392,938],{"class":83},[69,55394,54881],{"class":189},[69,55396,55397,55399,55401,55403,55405],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,55398,172],{"class":128},[69,55400,132],{"class":83},[69,55402,5465],{"class":146},[69,55404,938],{"class":83},[69,55406,55407],{"class":189},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,55409,1168,55410,55412,55413,55415],{},[15,55411,533],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55414,5465],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,55417,55418],{},"This difference matters when:",[29,55420,55421,55424,55427],{},[32,55422,55423],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[32,55425,55426],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[32,55428,55429],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,55431,55432,55433,537],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[533,55434,55436,55437,11428],{"href":55435},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,55438,13468],{},[55,55440,1373,55441],{"id":13129},[15,55442,12010],{},[20,55444,1378,55445,7013],{},[15,55446,12010],{},[29,55448,55449,55452,55455],{},[32,55450,55451],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[32,55453,55454],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[32,55456,55457],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55459,234],{},[60,55461,55463],{"className":62,"code":55462,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55464,55465,55501,55505,55510,55521,55525],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,55466,55467,55470,55472,55474,55476,55479,55481,55483,55485,55488,55490,55492,55494,55497,55499],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,55468,55469],{"class":75},"shopping_cart ",[69,55471,80],{"class":79},[69,55473,84],{"class":83},[69,55475,871],{"class":699},[69,55477,55478],{"class":703},"milk",[69,55480,871],{"class":699},[69,55482,91],{"class":83},[69,55484,881],{"class":699},[69,55486,55487],{"class":703},"bread",[69,55489,871],{"class":699},[69,55491,91],{"class":83},[69,55493,881],{"class":699},[69,55495,55496],{"class":703},"eggs",[69,55498,871],{"class":699},[69,55500,117],{"class":83},[69,55502,55503],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,55504,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,55506,55507],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,55508,55509],{"class":189},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[69,55511,55512,55515,55517,55519],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,55513,55514],{"class":75},"shopping_cart",[69,55516,537],{"class":83},[69,55518,12072],{"class":146},[69,55520,9329],{"class":83},[69,55522,55523],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,55524,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,55526,55527,55529,55531,55533,55535],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,55528,172],{"class":128},[69,55530,132],{"class":83},[69,55532,55514],{"class":146},[69,55534,938],{"class":83},[69,55536,54881],{"class":189},[20,55538,55539,55540,55544,55545,55551,55552,537],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[533,55541,55543],{"href":55542},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[533,55546,55548,11428],{"href":55547},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55549,55550],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[533,55553,55555,11428],{"href":55554},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55556,55557],{},"list.pop()",[55,55559,5222],{"id":5221},[377,55561,55563,55564,11780,55567],{"id":55562},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55565,55566],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55568,55569],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55571,55572],{},"This does not call the method.",[60,55574,55576],{"className":62,"code":55575,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55577,55578,55598,55602,55611],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,55579,55580,55582,55584,55586,55588,55590,55592,55594,55596],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,55581,1252],{"class":75},[69,55583,80],{"class":79},[69,55585,84],{"class":83},[69,55587,88],{"class":87},[69,55589,91],{"class":83},[69,55591,94],{"class":87},[69,55593,91],{"class":83},[69,55595,99],{"class":87},[69,55597,117],{"class":83},[69,55599,55600],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,55601,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,55603,55604,55606,55608],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,55605,8497],{"class":75},[69,55607,537],{"class":83},[69,55609,55610],{"class":25438},"clear\n",[69,55612,55613,55615,55617,55619],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,55614,172],{"class":128},[69,55616,132],{"class":83},[69,55618,8497],{"class":146},[69,55620,166],{"class":83},[20,55622,321],{},[60,55624,55626],{"className":62,"code":55625,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55627,55628],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,55629,55630,55632,55634,55636,55638,55640,55642],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,55631,331],{"class":83},[69,55633,88],{"class":87},[69,55635,91],{"class":83},[69,55637,94],{"class":87},[69,55639,91],{"class":83},[69,55641,99],{"class":87},[69,55643,117],{"class":83},[20,55645,55646],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55648,11495],{},[60,55650,55652],{"className":62,"code":55651,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55653,55654,55674,55678,55688],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,55655,55656,55658,55660,55662,55664,55666,55668,55670,55672],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,55657,1252],{"class":75},[69,55659,80],{"class":79},[69,55661,84],{"class":83},[69,55663,88],{"class":87},[69,55665,91],{"class":83},[69,55667,94],{"class":87},[69,55669,91],{"class":83},[69,55671,99],{"class":87},[69,55673,117],{"class":83},[69,55675,55676],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,55677,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,55679,55680,55682,55684,55686],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,55681,8497],{"class":75},[69,55683,537],{"class":83},[69,55685,12072],{"class":146},[69,55687,9329],{"class":83},[69,55689,55690,55692,55694,55696,55698],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,55691,172],{"class":128},[69,55693,132],{"class":83},[69,55695,8497],{"class":146},[69,55697,938],{"class":83},[69,55699,54881],{"class":189},[377,55701,1780,55703,55705],{"id":55702},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55704,12010],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55707,55708,1172,55710,55712],{},[15,55709,12010],{},[15,55711,1181],{},", not the list.",[60,55714,55716],{"className":62,"code":55715,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55717,55718,55738,55752,55756,55768],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,55719,55720,55722,55724,55726,55728,55730,55732,55734,55736],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,55721,1252],{"class":75},[69,55723,80],{"class":79},[69,55725,84],{"class":83},[69,55727,88],{"class":87},[69,55729,91],{"class":83},[69,55731,94],{"class":87},[69,55733,91],{"class":83},[69,55735,99],{"class":87},[69,55737,117],{"class":83},[69,55739,55740,55742,55744,55746,55748,55750],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,55741,123],{"class":75},[69,55743,80],{"class":79},[69,55745,1319],{"class":75},[69,55747,537],{"class":83},[69,55749,12072],{"class":146},[69,55751,9329],{"class":83},[69,55753,55754],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,55755,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,55757,55758,55760,55762,55764,55766],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,55759,172],{"class":128},[69,55761,132],{"class":83},[69,55763,183],{"class":146},[69,55765,938],{"class":83},[69,55767,21566],{"class":189},[69,55769,55770,55772,55774,55776,55778],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,55771,172],{"class":128},[69,55773,132],{"class":83},[69,55775,8497],{"class":146},[69,55777,938],{"class":83},[69,55779,55129],{"class":189},[377,55781,840,55783,55785],{"id":55782},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55784,12010],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55787,55788,55789,55791],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55790,12010],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55793,55794],{},"This will fail:",[60,55796,55798],{"className":62,"code":55797,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55799,55800,55812],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,55801,55802,55804,55806,55808,55810],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,55803,35378],{"class":75},[69,55805,80],{"class":79},[69,55807,881],{"class":699},[69,55809,1275],{"class":703},[69,55811,4079],{"class":699},[69,55813,55814,55816,55818,55820],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,55815,35399],{"class":75},[69,55817,537],{"class":83},[69,55819,12072],{"class":146},[69,55821,9329],{"class":83},[20,55823,55824,55825,34291],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55826,12010],{},[20,55828,55829,55830,55832],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55831,1181],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55834,55835],{},"Useful checks:",[60,55837,55839],{"className":62,"code":55838,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55840,55841,55851,55865,55879,55888,55898],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,55842,55843,55845,55847,55849],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,55844,172],{"class":128},[69,55846,132],{"class":83},[69,55848,9026],{"class":146},[69,55850,166],{"class":83},[69,55852,55853,55855,55857,55859,55861,55863],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,55854,172],{"class":128},[69,55856,132],{"class":83},[69,55858,641],{"class":177},[69,55860,132],{"class":83},[69,55862,9026],{"class":146},[69,55864,318],{"class":83},[69,55866,55867,55869,55871,55873,55875,55877],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,55868,172],{"class":128},[69,55870,132],{"class":83},[69,55872,13341],{"class":128},[69,55874,132],{"class":83},[69,55876,9026],{"class":146},[69,55878,318],{"class":83},[69,55880,55881,55883,55885],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,55882,44020],{"class":75},[69,55884,80],{"class":79},[69,55886,55887],{"class":75}," my_list\n",[69,55889,55890,55892,55894,55896],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,55891,9026],{"class":75},[69,55893,537],{"class":83},[69,55895,12072],{"class":146},[69,55897,9329],{"class":83},[69,55899,55900,55902,55904,55906],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,55901,172],{"class":128},[69,55903,132],{"class":83},[69,55905,31432],{"class":146},[69,55907,166],{"class":83},[20,55909,55910],{},"These can help you see:",[29,55912,55913,55916,55919],{},[32,55914,55915],{},"What the variable currently contains",[32,55917,55918],{},"Whether it is really a list",[32,55920,55921],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55923,55924,55925,537],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[533,55926,55927],{"href":54771},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[55,55929,2519],{"id":2518},[377,55931,2523,55933,55935],{"id":55932},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55934,54824],{}," delete the list?",[20,55937,55938],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[377,55940,2523,55942,55944],{"id":55941},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55943,54824],{}," return a new list?",[20,55946,55947,55948,55950],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55949,1181],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[377,55952,5881,55954,5096,55956,3218],{"id":55953},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55955,12010],{},[15,55957,55332],{},[20,55959,55960,55962,55963,55965],{},[15,55961,12010],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55964,55332],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[377,55967,2551,55969,55971],{"id":55968},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55970,12010],{}," on other types?",[20,55973,55974,55975,55977],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55976,12010],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[55,55979,2620],{"id":2619},[29,55981,55982,55986,55991,55998,56005,56011],{},[32,55983,55984],{},[533,55985,53246],{"href":55045},[32,55987,55988],{},[533,55989,55990],{"href":55542},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[32,55992,55993],{},[533,55994,55995,55996,11428],{"href":55554},"Python list ",[15,55997,13454],{},[32,55999,56000],{},[533,56001,55995,56002,11428],{"href":55547},[15,56003,56004],{},"remove()",[32,56006,56007],{},[533,56008,55995,56009,11428],{"href":55435},[15,56010,13468],{},[32,56012,56013],{},[533,56014,31036,56015,34324],{"href":54771},[15,56016,56017],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2650,56019,56020],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":12164,"depth":120,"text":12165},{"id":18107,"depth":120,"text":18108},{"id":55203,"depth":120,"text":56030,"children":56031},"clear() vs assigning []",[56032,56034],{"id":55241,"depth":169,"text":56033},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":55329,"depth":169,"text":56035},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":13129,"depth":120,"text":13500},{"id":5221,"depth":120,"text":5222,"children":56038},[56039,56041,56043],{"id":55562,"depth":169,"text":56040},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55702,"depth":169,"text":56042},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55782,"depth":169,"text":56044},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":56046},[56047,56049,56051,56053],{"id":55932,"depth":169,"text":56048},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55941,"depth":169,"text":56050},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55953,"depth":169,"text":56052},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55968,"depth":169,"text":56054},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54811,"description":56056},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":56063,"title":56064,"body":56065,"description":57750,"extension":2697,"meta":57751,"navigation":272,"path":57752,"seo":57753,"stem":57754,"__hash__":57755},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":56066,"toc":57718},[56067,56072,56078,56086,56088,56177,56184,56189,56193,56207,56209,56286,56288,56349,56352,56354,56356,56377,56380,56394,56397,56442,56444,56452,56455,56461,56467,56470,56547,56549,56594,56597,56602,56685,56687,56728,56733,56737,56743,56745,56753,56756,56849,56851,56909,56912,56928,56933,56943,56948,56950,56955,56960,56963,56965,57022,57025,57078,57084,57089,57093,57110,57112,57196,57198,57239,57247,57249,57254,57260,57262,57325,57330,57400,57404,57439,57442,57444,57483,57487,57563,57569,57575,57580,57602,57605,57624,57632,57634,57640,57643,57650,57658,57663,57666,57670,57676,57684,57687,57689,57715],[10,56068,54817,56070,12011],{"id":56069},"python-list-copy-method",[15,56071,13468],{},[20,56073,56074,56077],{},[15,56075,56076],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,56079,56080,56081,14746,56083,56085],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,56082,80],{},[42,56084,5334],{}," make a real copy.",[55,56087,58],{"id":57},[60,56089,56091],{"className":62,"code":56090,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56092,56093,56113,56128,56132,56147,56151,56164],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,56094,56095,56097,56099,56101,56103,56105,56107,56109,56111],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,56096,76],{"class":75},[69,56098,80],{"class":79},[69,56100,84],{"class":83},[69,56102,88],{"class":87},[69,56104,91],{"class":83},[69,56106,94],{"class":87},[69,56108,91],{"class":83},[69,56110,99],{"class":87},[69,56112,117],{"class":83},[69,56114,56115,56118,56120,56122,56124,56126],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,56116,56117],{"class":75},"new_numbers ",[69,56119,80],{"class":79},[69,56121,163],{"class":75},[69,56123,537],{"class":83},[69,56125,13603],{"class":146},[69,56127,9329],{"class":83},[69,56129,56130],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,56131,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,56133,56134,56137,56139,56141,56143,56145],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,56135,56136],{"class":75},"new_numbers",[69,56138,537],{"class":83},[69,56140,1606],{"class":146},[69,56142,132],{"class":83},[69,56144,334],{"class":87},[69,56146,166],{"class":83},[69,56148,56149],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,56150,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,56152,56153,56155,56157,56159,56161],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,56154,172],{"class":128},[69,56156,132],{"class":83},[69,56158,4366],{"class":146},[69,56160,938],{"class":83},[69,56162,56163],{"class":189},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[69,56165,56166,56168,56170,56172,56174],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,56167,172],{"class":128},[69,56169,132],{"class":83},[69,56171,56136],{"class":146},[69,56173,938],{"class":83},[69,56175,56176],{"class":189},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,56178,1378,56179,56181,56182,537],{},[15,56180,56076],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[42,56183,13542],{},[55,56185,202,56187,205],{"id":56186},"what-listcopy-does",[15,56188,56076],{},[20,56190,56191,143],{},[15,56192,56076],{},[29,56194,56195,56198,56201,56204],{},[32,56196,56197],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[32,56199,56200],{},"Returns that new list",[32,56202,56203],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[32,56205,56206],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,56208,234],{},[60,56210,56212],{"className":62,"code":56211,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,56213,56214,56246,56261,56265,56275],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,56215,56216,56218,56220,56222,56224,56226,56228,56230,56232,56234,56236,56238,56240,56242,56244],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,56217,36929],{"class":75},[69,56219,80],{"class":79},[69,56221,84],{"class":83},[69,56223,871],{"class":699},[69,56225,874],{"class":703},[69,56227,871],{"class":699},[69,56229,91],{"class":83},[69,56231,881],{"class":699},[69,56233,893],{"class":703},[69,56235,871],{"class":699},[69,56237,91],{"class":83},[69,56239,881],{"class":699},[69,56241,33911],{"class":703},[69,56243,871],{"class":699},[69,56245,117],{"class":83},[69,56247,56248,56251,56253,56255,56257,56259],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,56249,56250],{"class":75},"copied_fruits ",[69,56252,80],{"class":79},[69,56254,53326],{"class":75},[69,56256,537],{"class":83},[69,56258,13603],{"class":146},[69,56260,9329],{"class":83},[69,56262,56263],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,56264,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,56266,56267,56269,56271,56273],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,56268,172],{"class":128},[69,56270,132],{"class":83},[69,56272,36981],{"class":146},[69,56274,166],{"class":83},[69,56276,56277,56279,56281,56284],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,56278,172],{"class":128},[69,56280,132],{"class":83},[69,56282,56283],{"class":146},"copied_fruits",[69,56285,166],{"class":83},[20,56287,321],{},[60,56289,56291],{"className":62,"code":56290,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,56292,56293,56321],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,56294,56295,56297,56299,56301,56303,56305,56307,56309,56311,56313,56315,56317,56319],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,56296,331],{"class":83},[69,56298,706],{"class":699},[69,56300,874],{"class":703},[69,56302,706],{"class":699},[69,56304,91],{"class":83},[69,56306,700],{"class":699},[69,56308,893],{"class":703},[69,56310,706],{"class":699},[69,56312,91],{"class":83},[69,56314,700],{"class":699},[69,56316,33911],{"class":703},[69,56318,706],{"class":699},[69,56320,117],{"class":83},[69,56322,56323,56325,56327,56329,56331,56333,56335,56337,56339,56341,56343,56345,56347],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,56324,331],{"class":83},[69,56326,706],{"class":699},[69,56328,874],{"class":703},[69,56330,706],{"class":699},[69,56332,91],{"class":83},[69,56334,700],{"class":699},[69,56336,893],{"class":703},[69,56338,706],{"class":699},[69,56340,91],{"class":83},[69,56342,700],{"class":699},[69,56344,33911],{"class":703},[69,56346,706],{"class":699},[69,56348,117],{"class":83},[20,56350,56351],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[55,56353,2888],{"id":2887},[20,56355,354],{},[60,56357,56359],{"className":62,"code":56358,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,56360,56361],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,56362,56363,56366,56368,56371,56373,56375],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,56364,56365],{"class":75},"new_list ",[69,56367,80],{"class":79},[69,56369,56370],{"class":75}," old_list",[69,56372,537],{"class":83},[69,56374,13603],{"class":146},[69,56376,9329],{"class":83},[20,56378,56379],{},"How it works:",[29,56381,56382,56388,56391],{},[32,56383,56384,56385,56387],{},"Call ",[15,56386,13468],{}," on an existing list",[32,56389,56390],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[32,56392,56393],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,56395,56396],{},"Example with an empty list:",[60,56398,56400],{"className":62,"code":56399,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,56401,56402,56411,56427,56431],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,56403,56404,56407,56409],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,56405,56406],{"class":75},"empty_list ",[69,56408,80],{"class":79},[69,56410,1561],{"class":83},[69,56412,56413,56416,56418,56421,56423,56425],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,56414,56415],{"class":75},"new_empty_list ",[69,56417,80],{"class":79},[69,56419,56420],{"class":75}," empty_list",[69,56422,537],{"class":83},[69,56424,13603],{"class":146},[69,56426,9329],{"class":83},[69,56428,56429],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,56430,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,56432,56433,56435,56437,56440],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,56434,172],{"class":128},[69,56436,132],{"class":83},[69,56438,56439],{"class":146},"new_empty_list",[69,56441,166],{"class":83},[20,56443,321],{},[60,56445,56446],{"className":62,"code":833,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,56447,56448],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,56449,56450],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,56451,833],{"class":83},[20,56453,56454],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[55,56456,56458,56459],{"id":56457},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56460,80],{},[20,56462,840,56463,14746,56465,53142],{},[15,56464,80],{},[42,56466,5334],{},[20,56468,56469],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[60,56471,56473],{"className":62,"code":56472,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56474,56475,56495,56504,56508,56523,56527,56537],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,56476,56477,56479,56481,56483,56485,56487,56489,56491,56493],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,56478,76],{"class":75},[69,56480,80],{"class":79},[69,56482,84],{"class":83},[69,56484,88],{"class":87},[69,56486,91],{"class":83},[69,56488,94],{"class":87},[69,56490,91],{"class":83},[69,56492,99],{"class":87},[69,56494,117],{"class":83},[69,56496,56497,56500,56502],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,56498,56499],{"class":75},"same_list ",[69,56501,80],{"class":79},[69,56503,44453],{"class":75},[69,56505,56506],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,56507,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,56509,56510,56513,56515,56517,56519,56521],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,56511,56512],{"class":75},"same_list",[69,56514,537],{"class":83},[69,56516,1606],{"class":146},[69,56518,132],{"class":83},[69,56520,334],{"class":87},[69,56522,166],{"class":83},[69,56524,56525],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,56526,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,56528,56529,56531,56533,56535],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,56530,172],{"class":128},[69,56532,132],{"class":83},[69,56534,4366],{"class":146},[69,56536,166],{"class":83},[69,56538,56539,56541,56543,56545],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,56540,172],{"class":128},[69,56542,132],{"class":83},[69,56544,56512],{"class":146},[69,56546,166],{"class":83},[20,56548,321],{},[60,56550,56552],{"className":62,"code":56551,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56553,56554,56574],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,56555,56556,56558,56560,56562,56564,56566,56568,56570,56572],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,56557,331],{"class":83},[69,56559,88],{"class":87},[69,56561,91],{"class":83},[69,56563,94],{"class":87},[69,56565,91],{"class":83},[69,56567,99],{"class":87},[69,56569,91],{"class":83},[69,56571,104],{"class":87},[69,56573,117],{"class":83},[69,56575,56576,56578,56580,56582,56584,56586,56588,56590,56592],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,56577,331],{"class":83},[69,56579,88],{"class":87},[69,56581,91],{"class":83},[69,56583,94],{"class":87},[69,56585,91],{"class":83},[69,56587,99],{"class":87},[69,56589,91],{"class":83},[69,56591,104],{"class":87},[69,56593,117],{"class":83},[20,56595,56596],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56598,56599,56600,143],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56601,13468],{},[60,56603,56605],{"className":62,"code":56604,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56606,56607,56627,56642,56646,56661,56665,56675],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,56608,56609,56611,56613,56615,56617,56619,56621,56623,56625],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,56610,76],{"class":75},[69,56612,80],{"class":79},[69,56614,84],{"class":83},[69,56616,88],{"class":87},[69,56618,91],{"class":83},[69,56620,94],{"class":87},[69,56622,91],{"class":83},[69,56624,99],{"class":87},[69,56626,117],{"class":83},[69,56628,56629,56632,56634,56636,56638,56640],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,56630,56631],{"class":75},"copied_numbers ",[69,56633,80],{"class":79},[69,56635,163],{"class":75},[69,56637,537],{"class":83},[69,56639,13603],{"class":146},[69,56641,9329],{"class":83},[69,56643,56644],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,56645,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,56647,56648,56651,56653,56655,56657,56659],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,56649,56650],{"class":75},"copied_numbers",[69,56652,537],{"class":83},[69,56654,1606],{"class":146},[69,56656,132],{"class":83},[69,56658,334],{"class":87},[69,56660,166],{"class":83},[69,56662,56663],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,56664,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,56666,56667,56669,56671,56673],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,56668,172],{"class":128},[69,56670,132],{"class":83},[69,56672,4366],{"class":146},[69,56674,166],{"class":83},[69,56676,56677,56679,56681,56683],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,56678,172],{"class":128},[69,56680,132],{"class":83},[69,56682,56650],{"class":146},[69,56684,166],{"class":83},[20,56686,321],{},[60,56688,56690],{"className":62,"code":56689,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56691,56692,56708],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,56693,56694,56696,56698,56700,56702,56704,56706],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,56695,331],{"class":83},[69,56697,88],{"class":87},[69,56699,91],{"class":83},[69,56701,94],{"class":87},[69,56703,91],{"class":83},[69,56705,99],{"class":87},[69,56707,117],{"class":83},[69,56709,56710,56712,56714,56716,56718,56720,56722,56724,56726],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,56711,331],{"class":83},[69,56713,88],{"class":87},[69,56715,91],{"class":83},[69,56717,94],{"class":87},[69,56719,91],{"class":83},[69,56721,99],{"class":87},[69,56723,91],{"class":83},[69,56725,104],{"class":87},[69,56727,117],{"class":83},[20,56729,56730,56731,537],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[533,56732,53246],{"href":51453},[55,56734,56736],{"id":56735},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56738,56739,13539,56741,537],{},[15,56740,56076],{},[42,56742,13542],{},[20,56744,213],{},[29,56746,56747,56750],{},[32,56748,56749],{},"The outer list is new",[32,56751,56752],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56754,56755],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[60,56757,56759],{"className":62,"code":56758,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56760,56761,56788,56802,56806,56825,56829,56839],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,56762,56763,56765,56767,56770,56772,56774,56776,56778,56780,56782,56784,56786],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,56764,12777],{"class":75},[69,56766,80],{"class":79},[69,56768,56769],{"class":83}," [[",[69,56771,88],{"class":87},[69,56773,91],{"class":83},[69,56775,94],{"class":87},[69,56777,18752],{"class":83},[69,56779,84],{"class":83},[69,56781,346],{"class":87},[69,56783,91],{"class":83},[69,56785,104],{"class":87},[69,56787,53717],{"class":83},[69,56789,56790,56792,56794,56796,56798,56800],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,56791,15004],{"class":75},[69,56793,80],{"class":79},[69,56795,12852],{"class":75},[69,56797,537],{"class":83},[69,56799,13603],{"class":146},[69,56801,9329],{"class":83},[69,56803,56804],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,56805,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,56807,56808,56810,56812,56814,56816,56818,56820,56823],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,56809,15023],{"class":75},[69,56811,331],{"class":83},[69,56813,1226],{"class":87},[69,56815,14243],{"class":83},[69,56817,1606],{"class":146},[69,56819,132],{"class":83},[69,56821,56822],{"class":87},"99",[69,56824,166],{"class":83},[69,56826,56827],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,56828,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,56830,56831,56833,56835,56837],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,56832,172],{"class":128},[69,56834,132],{"class":83},[69,56836,12824],{"class":146},[69,56838,166],{"class":83},[69,56840,56841,56843,56845,56847],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,56842,172],{"class":128},[69,56844,132],{"class":83},[69,56846,15023],{"class":146},[69,56848,166],{"class":83},[20,56850,321],{},[60,56852,56854],{"className":62,"code":56853,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56855,56856,56883],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,56857,56858,56861,56863,56865,56867,56869,56871,56873,56875,56877,56879,56881],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,56859,56860],{"class":83},"[[",[69,56862,88],{"class":87},[69,56864,91],{"class":83},[69,56866,94],{"class":87},[69,56868,91],{"class":83},[69,56870,10883],{"class":87},[69,56872,18752],{"class":83},[69,56874,84],{"class":83},[69,56876,346],{"class":87},[69,56878,91],{"class":83},[69,56880,104],{"class":87},[69,56882,53717],{"class":83},[69,56884,56885,56887,56889,56891,56893,56895,56897,56899,56901,56903,56905,56907],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,56886,56860],{"class":83},[69,56888,88],{"class":87},[69,56890,91],{"class":83},[69,56892,94],{"class":87},[69,56894,91],{"class":83},[69,56896,10883],{"class":87},[69,56898,18752],{"class":83},[69,56900,84],{"class":83},[69,56902,346],{"class":87},[69,56904,91],{"class":83},[69,56906,104],{"class":87},[69,56908,53717],{"class":83},[20,56910,56911],{},"Why did both change?",[29,56913,56914,56921],{},[32,56915,56916,5096,56918,56920],{},[15,56917,12824],{},[15,56919,15023],{}," are different outer lists",[32,56922,56923,56924,56927],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56925,56926],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56929,54128,56930,56932],{},[15,56931,13468],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[29,56934,56935,56938,56941],{},[32,56936,56937],{},"Numbers",[32,56939,56940],{},"Strings",[32,56942,41064],{},[20,56944,56945,56946,537],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[533,56947,14483],{"href":14482},[55,56949,18108],{"id":18107},[20,56951,56952,56954],{},[15,56953,56076],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56956,41375,56957,56959],{},[42,56958,5334],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56961,56962],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56964,2253],{},[60,56966,56968],{"className":62,"code":56967,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56969,56970,56994,57008,57012],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,56971,56972,56974,56976,56978,56980,56982,56984,56986,56988,56990,56992],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,56973,13768],{"class":75},[69,56975,80],{"class":79},[69,56977,84],{"class":83},[69,56979,871],{"class":699},[69,56981,13785],{"class":703},[69,56983,871],{"class":699},[69,56985,91],{"class":83},[69,56987,881],{"class":699},[69,56989,13802],{"class":703},[69,56991,871],{"class":699},[69,56993,117],{"class":83},[69,56995,56996,56998,57000,57002,57004,57006],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,56997,13811],{"class":75},[69,56999,80],{"class":79},[69,57001,13816],{"class":75},[69,57003,537],{"class":83},[69,57005,13603],{"class":146},[69,57007,9329],{"class":83},[69,57009,57010],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,57011,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,57013,57014,57016,57018,57020],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,57015,172],{"class":128},[69,57017,132],{"class":83},[69,57019,13835],{"class":146},[69,57021,166],{"class":83},[20,57023,57024],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[60,57026,57028],{"className":62,"code":57027,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,57029,57030,57054,57064,57068],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,57031,57032,57034,57036,57038,57040,57042,57044,57046,57048,57050,57052],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,57033,13768],{"class":75},[69,57035,80],{"class":79},[69,57037,84],{"class":83},[69,57039,871],{"class":699},[69,57041,13785],{"class":703},[69,57043,871],{"class":699},[69,57045,91],{"class":83},[69,57047,881],{"class":699},[69,57049,13802],{"class":703},[69,57051,871],{"class":699},[69,57053,117],{"class":83},[69,57055,57056,57058,57060,57062],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,57057,18192],{"class":75},[69,57059,537],{"class":83},[69,57061,13603],{"class":146},[69,57063,9329],{"class":83},[69,57065,57066],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,57067,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,57069,57070,57072,57074,57076],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,57071,172],{"class":128},[69,57073,132],{"class":83},[69,57075,18192],{"class":146},[69,57077,166],{"class":83},[20,57079,57080,57081,57083],{},"In the second example, ",[15,57082,13468],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[55,57085,1373,57087],{"id":57086},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,57088,56076],{},[20,57090,1378,57091,11288],{},[15,57092,56076],{},[29,57094,57095,57098,57101,57104],{},[32,57096,57097],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[32,57099,57100],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[32,57102,57103],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[32,57105,57106,57107],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,57108,57109],{},"[:]",[20,57111,234],{},[60,57113,57115],{"className":62,"code":57114,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,57116,57117,57137,57152,57156,57171,57175,57185],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,57118,57119,57121,57123,57125,57127,57129,57131,57133,57135],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,57120,5768],{"class":75},[69,57122,80],{"class":79},[69,57124,84],{"class":83},[69,57126,444],{"class":87},[69,57128,91],{"class":83},[69,57130,454],{"class":87},[69,57132,91],{"class":83},[69,57134,8482],{"class":87},[69,57136,117],{"class":83},[69,57138,57139,57142,57144,57146,57148,57150],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,57140,57141],{"class":75},"backup_scores ",[69,57143,80],{"class":79},[69,57145,5814],{"class":75},[69,57147,537],{"class":83},[69,57149,13603],{"class":146},[69,57151,9329],{"class":83},[69,57153,57154],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,57155,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,57157,57158,57160,57162,57164,57166,57169],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,57159,17080],{"class":75},[69,57161,537],{"class":83},[69,57163,1606],{"class":146},[69,57165,132],{"class":83},[69,57167,57168],{"class":87},"40",[69,57170,166],{"class":83},[69,57172,57173],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,57174,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,57176,57177,57179,57181,57183],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,57178,172],{"class":128},[69,57180,132],{"class":83},[69,57182,17080],{"class":146},[69,57184,166],{"class":83},[69,57186,57187,57189,57191,57194],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,57188,172],{"class":128},[69,57190,132],{"class":83},[69,57192,57193],{"class":146},"backup_scores",[69,57195,166],{"class":83},[20,57197,321],{},[60,57199,57201],{"className":62,"code":57200,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,57202,57203,57223],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,57204,57205,57207,57209,57211,57213,57215,57217,57219,57221],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,57206,331],{"class":83},[69,57208,444],{"class":87},[69,57210,91],{"class":83},[69,57212,454],{"class":87},[69,57214,91],{"class":83},[69,57216,8482],{"class":87},[69,57218,91],{"class":83},[69,57220,51317],{"class":87},[69,57222,117],{"class":83},[69,57224,57225,57227,57229,57231,57233,57235,57237],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,57226,331],{"class":83},[69,57228,444],{"class":87},[69,57230,91],{"class":83},[69,57232,454],{"class":87},[69,57234,91],{"class":83},[69,57236,8482],{"class":87},[69,57238,117],{"class":83},[20,57240,57241,57242,537],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[533,57243,55995,57245,11428],{"href":57244},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,57246,53127],{},[55,57248,5222],{"id":5221},[20,57250,57251,57252,537],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,57253,56076],{},[377,57255,840,57257,57259],{"id":57256},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,57258,80],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,57261,1786],{},[60,57263,57265],{"className":62,"code":57264,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,57266,57267,57287,57295,57309,57313],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,57268,57269,57271,57273,57275,57277,57279,57281,57283,57285],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,57270,3280],{"class":75},[69,57272,80],{"class":79},[69,57274,84],{"class":83},[69,57276,88],{"class":87},[69,57278,91],{"class":83},[69,57280,94],{"class":87},[69,57282,91],{"class":83},[69,57284,99],{"class":87},[69,57286,117],{"class":83},[69,57288,57289,57291,57293],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,57290,3308],{"class":75},[69,57292,80],{"class":79},[69,57294,36865],{"class":75},[69,57296,57297,57299,57301,57303,57305,57307],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,57298,5465],{"class":75},[69,57300,537],{"class":83},[69,57302,1606],{"class":146},[69,57304,132],{"class":83},[69,57306,334],{"class":87},[69,57308,166],{"class":83},[69,57310,57311],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,57312,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,57314,57315,57317,57319,57321,57323],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,57316,172],{"class":128},[69,57318,132],{"class":83},[69,57320,533],{"class":146},[69,57322,938],{"class":83},[69,57324,56176],{"class":189},[20,57326,57327,57328,7319],{},"Fix: use ",[15,57329,13468],{},[60,57331,57333],{"className":62,"code":57332,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,57334,57335,57355,57370,57384,57388],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,57336,57337,57339,57341,57343,57345,57347,57349,57351,57353],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,57338,3280],{"class":75},[69,57340,80],{"class":79},[69,57342,84],{"class":83},[69,57344,88],{"class":87},[69,57346,91],{"class":83},[69,57348,94],{"class":87},[69,57350,91],{"class":83},[69,57352,99],{"class":87},[69,57354,117],{"class":83},[69,57356,57357,57359,57361,57364,57366,57368],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,57358,3308],{"class":75},[69,57360,80],{"class":79},[69,57362,57363],{"class":75}," a",[69,57365,537],{"class":83},[69,57367,13603],{"class":146},[69,57369,9329],{"class":83},[69,57371,57372,57374,57376,57378,57380,57382],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,57373,5465],{"class":75},[69,57375,537],{"class":83},[69,57377,1606],{"class":146},[69,57379,132],{"class":83},[69,57381,334],{"class":87},[69,57383,166],{"class":83},[69,57385,57386],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,57387,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,57389,57390,57392,57394,57396,57398],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,57391,172],{"class":128},[69,57393,132],{"class":83},[69,57395,533],{"class":146},[69,57397,938],{"class":83},[69,57399,55407],{"class":189},[377,57401,57403],{"id":57402},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[60,57405,57407],{"className":62,"code":57406,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57408,57409,57429],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,57410,57411,57413,57415,57417,57419,57421,57423,57425,57427],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,57412,76],{"class":75},[69,57414,80],{"class":79},[69,57416,84],{"class":83},[69,57418,88],{"class":87},[69,57420,91],{"class":83},[69,57422,94],{"class":87},[69,57424,91],{"class":83},[69,57426,99],{"class":87},[69,57428,117],{"class":83},[69,57430,57431,57433,57435,57437],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,57432,4366],{"class":75},[69,57434,537],{"class":83},[69,57436,13603],{"class":146},[69,57438,9329],{"class":83},[20,57440,57441],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,57443,1849],{},[60,57445,57447],{"className":62,"code":57446,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57448,57449,57469],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,57450,57451,57453,57455,57457,57459,57461,57463,57465,57467],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,57452,76],{"class":75},[69,57454,80],{"class":79},[69,57456,84],{"class":83},[69,57458,88],{"class":87},[69,57460,91],{"class":83},[69,57462,94],{"class":87},[69,57464,91],{"class":83},[69,57466,99],{"class":87},[69,57468,117],{"class":83},[69,57470,57471,57473,57475,57477,57479,57481],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,57472,56631],{"class":75},[69,57474,80],{"class":79},[69,57476,163],{"class":75},[69,57478,537],{"class":83},[69,57480,13603],{"class":146},[69,57482,9329],{"class":83},[377,57484,57486],{"id":57485},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[60,57488,57490],{"className":62,"code":57489,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57491,57492,57510,57524,57528,57546,57550],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,57493,57494,57496,57498,57500,57502,57504,57506,57508],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,57495,3280],{"class":75},[69,57497,80],{"class":79},[69,57499,56769],{"class":83},[69,57501,88],{"class":87},[69,57503,18752],{"class":83},[69,57505,84],{"class":83},[69,57507,1155],{"class":87},[69,57509,53717],{"class":83},[69,57511,57512,57514,57516,57518,57520,57522],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,57513,3308],{"class":75},[69,57515,80],{"class":79},[69,57517,57363],{"class":75},[69,57519,537],{"class":83},[69,57521,13603],{"class":146},[69,57523,9329],{"class":83},[69,57525,57526],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,57527,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,57529,57530,57532,57534,57536,57538,57540,57542,57544],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,57531,5465],{"class":75},[69,57533,331],{"class":83},[69,57535,1226],{"class":87},[69,57537,14243],{"class":83},[69,57539,1606],{"class":146},[69,57541,132],{"class":83},[69,57543,56822],{"class":87},[69,57545,166],{"class":83},[69,57547,57548],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,57549,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,57551,57552,57554,57556,57558,57560],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,57553,172],{"class":128},[69,57555,132],{"class":83},[69,57557,533],{"class":146},[69,57559,938],{"class":83},[69,57561,57562],{"class":189},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57564,57565,57566,57568],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57567,56076],{}," is shallow.",[377,57570,26304,57572,57574],{"id":57571},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57573,13468],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57576,57577,57579],{},[15,57578,13468],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[60,57581,57583],{"className":62,"code":57582,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57584,57585,57597],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,57586,57587,57589,57591,57593,57595],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,57588,8563],{"class":75},[69,57590,80],{"class":79},[69,57592,881],{"class":699},[69,57594,5708],{"class":703},[69,57596,4079],{"class":699},[69,57598,57599],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,57600,57601],{"class":189},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57603,57604],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[60,57606,57608],{"className":62,"code":57607,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57609,57610],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,57611,57612,57614,57616,57618,57620,57622],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,57613,172],{"class":128},[69,57615,132],{"class":83},[69,57617,641],{"class":177},[69,57619,132],{"class":83},[69,57621,8356],{"class":146},[69,57623,318],{"class":83},[20,57625,57626,57627,57631],{},"You can also review ",[533,57628,57630],{"href":57629},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[55,57633,2519],{"id":2518},[377,57635,2523,57637,57639],{"id":57636},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57638,56076],{}," change the original list?",[20,57641,57642],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[377,57644,5881,57646,5096,57648,3218],{"id":57645},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57647,56076],{},[15,57649,80],{},[20,57651,57652,57654,57655,57657],{},[15,57653,13468],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57656,80],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[377,57659,15595,57661,15598],{"id":57660},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57662,56076],{},[20,57664,57665],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[377,57667,57669],{"id":57668},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57671,42622,57672,57675],{},[15,57673,57674],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[377,57677,15595,57679,57681,57682,3218],{"id":57678},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57680,56076],{}," the same as ",[15,57683,57109],{},[20,57685,57686],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[55,57688,2620],{"id":2619},[29,57690,57691,57696,57700,57705,57711],{},[32,57692,57693],{},[533,57694,15657],{"href":57695},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[32,57697,57698],{},[533,57699,53246],{"href":51453},[32,57701,57702],{},[533,57703,57704],{"href":57629},"Creating a list in Python",[32,57706,57707],{},[533,57708,55995,57709,11428],{"href":57244},[15,57710,53127],{},[32,57712,57713],{},[533,57714,14483],{"href":14482},[2650,57716,57717],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":57719},[57720,57721,57723,57724,57726,57727,57728,57730,57738,57749],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":56186,"depth":120,"text":57722},"What list.copy() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":56457,"depth":120,"text":57725},"Why not use =",{"id":56735,"depth":120,"text":56736},{"id":18107,"depth":120,"text":18108},{"id":57086,"depth":120,"text":57729},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":5221,"depth":120,"text":5222,"children":57731},[57732,57734,57735,57736],{"id":57256,"depth":169,"text":57733},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57402,"depth":169,"text":57403},{"id":57485,"depth":169,"text":57486},{"id":57571,"depth":169,"text":57737},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":57739},[57740,57742,57744,57746,57747],{"id":57636,"depth":169,"text":57741},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57645,"depth":169,"text":57743},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57660,"depth":169,"text":57745},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57668,"depth":169,"text":57669},{"id":57678,"depth":169,"text":57748},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":56064,"description":57750},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57757,"title":57758,"body":57759,"description":59501,"extension":2697,"meta":59502,"navigation":272,"path":59503,"seo":59504,"stem":59505,"__hash__":59506},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57760,"toc":59460},[57761,57767,57773,57776,57787,57790,57792,57855,57861,57866,57870,57884,57887,57892,57897,57899,57901,57920,57932,57934,58001,58003,58011,58016,58018,58026,58029,58046,58048,58172,58183,58187,58192,58195,58197,58215,58219,58305,58314,58322,58391,58393,58396,58408,58413,58417,58488,58491,58495,58499,58564,58566,58574,58578,58661,58663,58671,58675,58736,58738,58746,58750,58837,58839,58847,58852,58857,58860,58871,58873,58958,58963,58972,58974,58978,58982,58987,59049,59053,59061,59067,59076,59081,59130,59133,59154,59158,59220,59227,59232,59235,59322,59325,59336,59339,59359,59361,59367,59370,59374,59378,59384,59387,59393,59400,59408,59419,59421,59457],[10,57762,54817,57764,12011],{"id":57763},"python-list-count-method",[15,57765,57766],{},"count()",[20,57768,57769,57772],{},[15,57770,57771],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57774,57775],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[29,57777,57778,57781,57784],{},[32,57779,57780],{},"count one specific item",[32,57782,57783],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[32,57785,57786],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57788,57789],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[55,57791,4327],{"id":4326},[60,57793,57795],{"className":62,"code":57794,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57796,57797,57825,57843],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,57798,57799,57801,57803,57805,57807,57809,57811,57813,57815,57817,57819,57821,57823],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,57800,76],{"class":75},[69,57802,80],{"class":79},[69,57804,84],{"class":83},[69,57806,88],{"class":87},[69,57808,91],{"class":83},[69,57810,94],{"class":87},[69,57812,91],{"class":83},[69,57814,94],{"class":87},[69,57816,91],{"class":83},[69,57818,99],{"class":87},[69,57820,91],{"class":83},[69,57822,94],{"class":87},[69,57824,117],{"class":83},[69,57826,57827,57829,57831,57833,57835,57837,57839,57841],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,57828,123],{"class":75},[69,57830,80],{"class":79},[69,57832,163],{"class":75},[69,57834,537],{"class":83},[69,57836,41729],{"class":146},[69,57838,132],{"class":83},[69,57840,1155],{"class":87},[69,57842,166],{"class":83},[69,57844,57845,57847,57849,57851,57853],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,57846,172],{"class":128},[69,57848,132],{"class":83},[69,57850,183],{"class":146},[69,57852,938],{"class":83},[69,57854,51244],{"class":189},[20,57856,1378,57857,57860],{},[15,57858,57859],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[55,57862,202,57864,205],{"id":57863},"what-listcount-does",[15,57865,57771],{},[20,57867,57868,143],{},[15,57869,57771],{},[29,57871,57872,57875,57878,57881],{},[32,57873,57874],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[32,57876,57877],{},"returns an integer",[32,57879,57880],{},"does not change the original list",[32,57882,57883],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57885,57886],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57888,57889,57890,537],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57891,346],{},[20,57893,57894,57895,537],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57896,1226],{},[55,57898,2888],{"id":2887},[20,57900,354],{},[60,57902,57904],{"className":62,"code":57903,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57905,57906],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,57907,57908,57910,57912,57914,57916,57918],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,57909,9026],{"class":75},[69,57911,537],{"class":83},[69,57913,41729],{"class":146},[69,57915,132],{"class":83},[69,57917,3198],{"class":146},[69,57919,166],{"class":83},[29,57921,57922,57927],{},[32,57923,57924,57926],{},[15,57925,9026],{}," is the list you want to search",[32,57928,57929,57931],{},[15,57930,3198],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57933,234],{},[60,57935,57937],{"className":62,"code":57936,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57938,57939,57979],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,57940,57941,57943,57945,57947,57949,57951,57953,57955,57957,57959,57961,57963,57965,57967,57969,57971,57973,57975,57977],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,57942,36780],{"class":75},[69,57944,80],{"class":79},[69,57946,84],{"class":83},[69,57948,871],{"class":699},[69,57950,533],{"class":703},[69,57952,871],{"class":699},[69,57954,91],{"class":83},[69,57956,881],{"class":699},[69,57958,5465],{"class":703},[69,57960,871],{"class":699},[69,57962,91],{"class":83},[69,57964,881],{"class":699},[69,57966,533],{"class":703},[69,57968,871],{"class":699},[69,57970,91],{"class":83},[69,57972,881],{"class":699},[69,57974,10425],{"class":703},[69,57976,871],{"class":699},[69,57978,117],{"class":83},[69,57980,57981,57983,57985,57987,57989,57991,57993,57995,57997,57999],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,57982,172],{"class":128},[69,57984,132],{"class":83},[69,57986,36833],{"class":146},[69,57988,537],{"class":83},[69,57990,41729],{"class":146},[69,57992,132],{"class":83},[69,57994,871],{"class":699},[69,57996,533],{"class":703},[69,57998,871],{"class":699},[69,58000,318],{"class":83},[20,58002,321],{},[60,58004,58005],{"className":62,"code":17746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,58006,58007],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,58008,58009],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,58010,17746],{"class":87},[20,58012,58013,58014,537],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,58015,1226],{},[55,58017,541],{"id":540},[20,58019,58020,58021,58023,58024,537],{},"The return value from ",[15,58022,57766],{}," is always an ",[15,58025,2919],{},[20,58027,58028],{},"Possible results:",[29,58030,58031,58036,58041],{},[32,58032,58033,58035],{},[15,58034,1226],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[32,58037,58038,58040],{},[15,58039,88],{}," if it appears once",[32,58042,58043,58045],{},[15,58044,1155],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,58047,234],{},[60,58049,58051],{"className":62,"code":58050,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,58052,58053,58093,58097,58122,58147],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,58054,58055,58057,58059,58061,58063,58065,58067,58069,58071,58073,58075,58077,58079,58081,58083,58085,58087,58089,58091],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,58056,13768],{"class":75},[69,58058,80],{"class":79},[69,58060,84],{"class":83},[69,58062,871],{"class":699},[69,58064,13785],{"class":703},[69,58066,871],{"class":699},[69,58068,91],{"class":83},[69,58070,881],{"class":699},[69,58072,13802],{"class":703},[69,58074,871],{"class":699},[69,58076,91],{"class":83},[69,58078,881],{"class":699},[69,58080,18145],{"class":703},[69,58082,871],{"class":699},[69,58084,91],{"class":83},[69,58086,881],{"class":699},[69,58088,13802],{"class":703},[69,58090,871],{"class":699},[69,58092,117],{"class":83},[69,58094,58095],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,58096,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,58098,58099,58101,58103,58105,58107,58109,58111,58113,58115,58117,58119],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,58100,172],{"class":128},[69,58102,132],{"class":83},[69,58104,18192],{"class":146},[69,58106,537],{"class":83},[69,58108,41729],{"class":146},[69,58110,132],{"class":83},[69,58112,871],{"class":699},[69,58114,13802],{"class":703},[69,58116,871],{"class":699},[69,58118,186],{"class":83},[69,58120,58121],{"class":189},"   # 2\n",[69,58123,58124,58126,58128,58130,58132,58134,58136,58138,58140,58142,58144],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,58125,172],{"class":128},[69,58127,132],{"class":83},[69,58129,18192],{"class":146},[69,58131,537],{"class":83},[69,58133,41729],{"class":146},[69,58135,132],{"class":83},[69,58137,871],{"class":699},[69,58139,13785],{"class":703},[69,58141,871],{"class":699},[69,58143,186],{"class":83},[69,58145,58146],{"class":189},"    # 1\n",[69,58148,58149,58151,58153,58155,58157,58159,58161,58163,58165,58167,58169],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,58150,172],{"class":128},[69,58152,132],{"class":83},[69,58154,18192],{"class":146},[69,58156,537],{"class":83},[69,58158,41729],{"class":146},[69,58160,132],{"class":83},[69,58162,871],{"class":699},[69,58164,23213],{"class":703},[69,58166,871],{"class":699},[69,58168,186],{"class":83},[69,58170,58171],{"class":189}," # 0\n",[20,58173,58174,58175,58177,58178,58180,58181,537],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,58176,57766],{}," works, but using ",[15,58179,1574],{}," is often simpler. See ",[533,58182,6893],{"href":6892},[55,58184,58186],{"id":58185},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,58188,58189,58191],{},[15,58190,57771],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,58193,58194],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,58196,44121],{},[29,58198,58199,58202,58205,58212],{},[32,58200,58201],{},"matches are based on equality",[32,58203,58204],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[32,58206,58207,5096,58209,58211],{},[15,58208,88],{},[15,58210,224],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[32,58213,58214],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[377,58216,58218],{"id":58217},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[60,58220,58222],{"className":62,"code":58221,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,58223,58224,58257,58281],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,58225,58226,58228,58230,58232,58234,58236,58238,58240,58242,58245,58247,58249,58251,58253,58255],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,58227,864],{"class":75},[69,58229,80],{"class":79},[69,58231,84],{"class":83},[69,58233,871],{"class":699},[69,58235,874],{"class":703},[69,58237,871],{"class":699},[69,58239,91],{"class":83},[69,58241,881],{"class":699},[69,58243,58244],{"class":703},"Apple",[69,58246,871],{"class":699},[69,58248,91],{"class":83},[69,58250,881],{"class":699},[69,58252,874],{"class":703},[69,58254,871],{"class":699},[69,58256,117],{"class":83},[69,58258,58259,58261,58263,58265,58267,58269,58271,58273,58275,58277,58279],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,58260,172],{"class":128},[69,58262,132],{"class":83},[69,58264,4817],{"class":146},[69,58266,537],{"class":83},[69,58268,41729],{"class":146},[69,58270,132],{"class":83},[69,58272,871],{"class":699},[69,58274,874],{"class":703},[69,58276,871],{"class":699},[69,58278,186],{"class":83},[69,58280,51889],{"class":189},[69,58282,58283,58285,58287,58289,58291,58293,58295,58297,58299,58301,58303],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,58284,172],{"class":128},[69,58286,132],{"class":83},[69,58288,4817],{"class":146},[69,58290,537],{"class":83},[69,58292,41729],{"class":146},[69,58294,132],{"class":83},[69,58296,871],{"class":699},[69,58298,58244],{"class":703},[69,58300,871],{"class":699},[69,58302,186],{"class":83},[69,58304,28468],{"class":189},[20,58306,58307,5096,58310,58313],{},[15,58308,58309],{},"\"apple\"",[15,58311,58312],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[377,58315,58317,5096,58319,58321],{"id":58316},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,58318,88],{},[15,58320,224],{}," can match",[60,58323,58325],{"className":62,"code":58324,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,58326,58327,58351,58371],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,58328,58329,58331,58333,58335,58337,58339,58341,58343,58345,58347,58349],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,58330,4536],{"class":75},[69,58332,80],{"class":79},[69,58334,84],{"class":83},[69,58336,88],{"class":87},[69,58338,91],{"class":83},[69,58340,1287],{"class":1203},[69,58342,91],{"class":83},[69,58344,94],{"class":87},[69,58346,91],{"class":83},[69,58348,1263],{"class":87},[69,58350,117],{"class":83},[69,58352,58353,58355,58357,58359,58361,58363,58365,58367,58369],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,58354,172],{"class":128},[69,58356,132],{"class":83},[69,58358,6059],{"class":146},[69,58360,537],{"class":83},[69,58362,41729],{"class":146},[69,58364,132],{"class":83},[69,58366,88],{"class":87},[69,58368,186],{"class":83},[69,58370,51392],{"class":189},[69,58372,58373,58375,58377,58379,58381,58383,58385,58387,58389],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,58374,172],{"class":128},[69,58376,132],{"class":83},[69,58378,6059],{"class":146},[69,58380,537],{"class":83},[69,58382,41729],{"class":146},[69,58384,132],{"class":83},[69,58386,224],{"class":1203},[69,58388,186],{"class":83},[69,58390,51244],{"class":189},[20,58392,5113],{},[20,58394,58395],{},"In Python:",[29,58397,58398,58403],{},[32,58399,58400],{},[15,58401,58402],{},"True == 1",[32,58404,58405],{},[15,58406,58407],{},"False == 0",[20,58409,54128,58410,58412],{},[15,58411,57766],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[377,58414,58416],{"id":58415},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[60,58418,58420],{"className":62,"code":58419,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58421,58422,58464],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,58423,58424,58426,58428,58430,58432,58434,58436,58438,58440,58442,58444,58446,58448,58450,58452,58454,58456,58458,58460,58462],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,58425,1252],{"class":75},[69,58427,80],{"class":79},[69,58429,56769],{"class":83},[69,58431,88],{"class":87},[69,58433,91],{"class":83},[69,58435,94],{"class":87},[69,58437,18752],{"class":83},[69,58439,84],{"class":83},[69,58441,346],{"class":87},[69,58443,91],{"class":83},[69,58445,104],{"class":87},[69,58447,18752],{"class":83},[69,58449,84],{"class":83},[69,58451,88],{"class":87},[69,58453,91],{"class":83},[69,58455,94],{"class":87},[69,58457,18752],{"class":83},[69,58459,84],{"class":83},[69,58461,88],{"class":87},[69,58463,53717],{"class":83},[69,58465,58466,58468,58470,58472,58474,58476,58478,58480,58482,58484,58486],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,58467,172],{"class":128},[69,58469,132],{"class":83},[69,58471,8497],{"class":146},[69,58473,537],{"class":83},[69,58475,41729],{"class":146},[69,58477,3710],{"class":83},[69,58479,88],{"class":87},[69,58481,91],{"class":83},[69,58483,94],{"class":87},[69,58485,5439],{"class":83},[69,58487,51889],{"class":189},[20,58489,58490],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[55,58492,58494],{"id":58493},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[377,58496,58498],{"id":58497},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[60,58500,58502],{"className":62,"code":58501,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58503,58504,58532,58550,58554],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,58505,58506,58508,58510,58512,58514,58516,58518,58520,58522,58524,58526,58528,58530],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,58507,76],{"class":75},[69,58509,80],{"class":79},[69,58511,84],{"class":83},[69,58513,444],{"class":87},[69,58515,91],{"class":83},[69,58517,454],{"class":87},[69,58519,91],{"class":83},[69,58521,6701],{"class":87},[69,58523,91],{"class":83},[69,58525,8482],{"class":87},[69,58527,91],{"class":83},[69,58529,6701],{"class":87},[69,58531,117],{"class":83},[69,58533,58534,58536,58538,58540,58542,58544,58546,58548],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,58535,123],{"class":75},[69,58537,80],{"class":79},[69,58539,163],{"class":75},[69,58541,537],{"class":83},[69,58543,41729],{"class":146},[69,58545,132],{"class":83},[69,58547,444],{"class":87},[69,58549,166],{"class":83},[69,58551,58552],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,58553,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,58555,58556,58558,58560,58562],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,58557,172],{"class":128},[69,58559,132],{"class":83},[69,58561,183],{"class":146},[69,58563,166],{"class":83},[20,58565,321],{},[60,58567,58568],{"className":62,"code":47089,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,58569,58570],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,58571,58572],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,58573,47089],{"class":87},[377,58575,58577],{"id":58576},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[60,58579,58581],{"className":62,"code":58580,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58582,58583,58625,58647,58651],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,58584,58585,58587,58589,58591,58593,58595,58597,58599,58601,58604,58606,58608,58610,58612,58614,58616,58618,58621,58623],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,58586,864],{"class":75},[69,58588,80],{"class":79},[69,58590,84],{"class":83},[69,58592,871],{"class":699},[69,58594,37738],{"class":703},[69,58596,871],{"class":699},[69,58598,91],{"class":83},[69,58600,881],{"class":699},[69,58602,58603],{"class":703},"dog",[69,58605,871],{"class":699},[69,58607,91],{"class":83},[69,58609,881],{"class":699},[69,58611,37738],{"class":703},[69,58613,871],{"class":699},[69,58615,91],{"class":83},[69,58617,881],{"class":699},[69,58619,58620],{"class":703},"bird",[69,58622,871],{"class":699},[69,58624,117],{"class":83},[69,58626,58627,58629,58631,58633,58635,58637,58639,58641,58643,58645],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,58628,123],{"class":75},[69,58630,80],{"class":79},[69,58632,948],{"class":75},[69,58634,537],{"class":83},[69,58636,41729],{"class":146},[69,58638,132],{"class":83},[69,58640,871],{"class":699},[69,58642,37738],{"class":703},[69,58644,871],{"class":699},[69,58646,166],{"class":83},[69,58648,58649],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,58650,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,58652,58653,58655,58657,58659],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,58654,172],{"class":128},[69,58656,132],{"class":83},[69,58658,183],{"class":146},[69,58660,166],{"class":83},[20,58662,321],{},[60,58664,58665],{"className":62,"code":17746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,58666,58667],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,58668,58669],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,58670,17746],{"class":87},[377,58672,58674],{"id":58673},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[60,58676,58678],{"className":62,"code":58677,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58679,58680,58704,58722,58726],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,58681,58682,58684,58686,58688,58690,58692,58694,58696,58698,58700,58702],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,58683,76],{"class":75},[69,58685,80],{"class":79},[69,58687,84],{"class":83},[69,58689,88],{"class":87},[69,58691,91],{"class":83},[69,58693,94],{"class":87},[69,58695,91],{"class":83},[69,58697,99],{"class":87},[69,58699,91],{"class":83},[69,58701,104],{"class":87},[69,58703,117],{"class":83},[69,58705,58706,58708,58710,58712,58714,58716,58718,58720],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,58707,123],{"class":75},[69,58709,80],{"class":79},[69,58711,163],{"class":75},[69,58713,537],{"class":83},[69,58715,41729],{"class":146},[69,58717,132],{"class":83},[69,58719,2866],{"class":87},[69,58721,166],{"class":83},[69,58723,58724],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,58725,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,58727,58728,58730,58732,58734],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,58729,172],{"class":128},[69,58731,132],{"class":83},[69,58733,183],{"class":146},[69,58735,166],{"class":83},[20,58737,321],{},[60,58739,58740],{"className":62,"code":47724,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,58741,58742],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,58743,58744],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,58745,47724],{"class":87},[377,58747,58749],{"id":58748},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[60,58751,58753],{"className":62,"code":58752,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58754,58755,58801,58823,58827],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,58756,58757,58759,58761,58763,58765,58767,58769,58771,58773,58775,58777,58779,58781,58783,58785,58787,58789,58791,58793,58795,58797,58799],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,58758,9852],{"class":75},[69,58760,80],{"class":79},[69,58762,56769],{"class":83},[69,58764,88],{"class":87},[69,58766,91],{"class":83},[69,58768,94],{"class":87},[69,58770,18752],{"class":83},[69,58772,84],{"class":83},[69,58774,88],{"class":87},[69,58776,91],{"class":83},[69,58778,94],{"class":87},[69,58780,18752],{"class":83},[69,58782,84],{"class":83},[69,58784,1155],{"class":87},[69,58786,91],{"class":83},[69,58788,99],{"class":87},[69,58790,18752],{"class":83},[69,58792,84],{"class":83},[69,58794,88],{"class":87},[69,58796,91],{"class":83},[69,58798,94],{"class":87},[69,58800,53717],{"class":83},[69,58802,58803,58805,58807,58809,58811,58813,58815,58817,58819,58821],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,58804,123],{"class":75},[69,58806,80],{"class":79},[69,58808,15259],{"class":75},[69,58810,537],{"class":83},[69,58812,41729],{"class":146},[69,58814,3710],{"class":83},[69,58816,88],{"class":87},[69,58818,91],{"class":83},[69,58820,94],{"class":87},[69,58822,618],{"class":83},[69,58824,58825],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,58826,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,58828,58829,58831,58833,58835],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,58830,172],{"class":128},[69,58832,132],{"class":83},[69,58834,183],{"class":146},[69,58836,166],{"class":83},[20,58838,321],{},[60,58840,58841],{"className":62,"code":47089,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,58842,58843],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,58844,58845],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,58846,47089],{"class":87},[55,58848,1373,58850],{"id":58849},"when-to-use-count",[15,58851,57766],{},[20,58853,1378,58854,58856],{},[15,58855,57766],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58858,58859],{},"Good use cases:",[29,58861,58862,58865,58868],{},[32,58863,58864],{},"counting one specific item",[32,58866,58867],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[32,58869,58870],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58872,234],{},[60,58874,58876],{"className":62,"code":58875,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58877,58878,58919,58943,58947],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,58879,58880,58883,58885,58887,58889,58891,58893,58895,58897,58899,58901,58903,58905,58907,58909,58911,58913,58915,58917],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,58881,58882],{"class":75},"votes ",[69,58884,80],{"class":79},[69,58886,84],{"class":83},[69,58888,871],{"class":699},[69,58890,9344],{"class":703},[69,58892,871],{"class":699},[69,58894,91],{"class":83},[69,58896,881],{"class":699},[69,58898,9283],{"class":703},[69,58900,871],{"class":699},[69,58902,91],{"class":83},[69,58904,881],{"class":699},[69,58906,9344],{"class":703},[69,58908,871],{"class":699},[69,58910,91],{"class":83},[69,58912,881],{"class":699},[69,58914,9344],{"class":703},[69,58916,871],{"class":699},[69,58918,117],{"class":83},[69,58920,58921,58924,58926,58929,58931,58933,58935,58937,58939,58941],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,58922,58923],{"class":75},"yes_votes ",[69,58925,80],{"class":79},[69,58927,58928],{"class":75}," votes",[69,58930,537],{"class":83},[69,58932,41729],{"class":146},[69,58934,132],{"class":83},[69,58936,871],{"class":699},[69,58938,9344],{"class":703},[69,58940,871],{"class":699},[69,58942,166],{"class":83},[69,58944,58945],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,58946,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,58948,58949,58951,58953,58956],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,58950,172],{"class":128},[69,58952,132],{"class":83},[69,58954,58955],{"class":146},"yes_votes",[69,58957,166],{"class":83},[20,58959,58960,58962],{},[15,58961,57766],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58964,58965,58966,5096,58968,537],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[533,58967,53246],{"href":51453},[533,58969,58971],{"href":58970},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[55,58973,1771],{"id":1770},[20,58975,9133,58976,537],{},[15,58977,57771],{},[377,58979,58981],{"id":58980},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58983,58984,58986],{},[15,58985,57771],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[60,58988,58990],{"className":62,"code":58989,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58991,58992,59025],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,58993,58994,58996,58998,59000,59002,59005,59007,59009,59011,59013,59015,59017,59019,59021,59023],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,58995,864],{"class":75},[69,58997,80],{"class":79},[69,58999,84],{"class":83},[69,59001,871],{"class":699},[69,59003,59004],{"class":703},"apple pie",[69,59006,871],{"class":699},[69,59008,91],{"class":83},[69,59010,881],{"class":699},[69,59012,893],{"class":703},[69,59014,871],{"class":699},[69,59016,91],{"class":83},[69,59018,881],{"class":699},[69,59020,59004],{"class":703},[69,59022,871],{"class":699},[69,59024,117],{"class":83},[69,59026,59027,59029,59031,59033,59035,59037,59039,59041,59043,59045,59047],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,59028,172],{"class":128},[69,59030,132],{"class":83},[69,59032,4817],{"class":146},[69,59034,537],{"class":83},[69,59036,41729],{"class":146},[69,59038,132],{"class":83},[69,59040,871],{"class":699},[69,59042,874],{"class":703},[69,59044,871],{"class":699},[69,59046,186],{"class":83},[69,59048,51721],{"class":189},[20,59050,3214,59051,3218],{},[15,59052,1226],{},[20,59054,29749,59055,59057,59058,537],{},[15,59056,58309],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,59059,59060],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,59062,59063,59064,537],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,59065,59066],{},"str.count()",[377,59068,1780,59070,9141,59072,394,59074],{"id":59069},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,59071,57766],{},[15,59073,224],{},[15,59075,230],{},[20,59077,59078,59080],{},[15,59079,57766],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[60,59082,59084],{"className":62,"code":59083,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,59085,59086,59110],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,59087,59088,59090,59092,59094,59096,59098,59100,59102,59104,59106,59108],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,59089,76],{"class":75},[69,59091,80],{"class":79},[69,59093,84],{"class":83},[69,59095,88],{"class":87},[69,59097,91],{"class":83},[69,59099,94],{"class":87},[69,59101,91],{"class":83},[69,59103,94],{"class":87},[69,59105,91],{"class":83},[69,59107,99],{"class":87},[69,59109,117],{"class":83},[69,59111,59112,59114,59116,59118,59120,59122,59124,59126,59128],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,59113,172],{"class":128},[69,59115,132],{"class":83},[69,59117,4366],{"class":146},[69,59119,537],{"class":83},[69,59121,41729],{"class":146},[69,59123,132],{"class":83},[69,59125,1155],{"class":87},[69,59127,186],{"class":83},[69,59129,51889],{"class":189},[20,59131,59132],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[60,59134,59136],{"className":62,"code":59135,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,59137,59138],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,59139,59140,59142,59144,59146,59148,59150,59152],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,59141,172],{"class":128},[69,59143,132],{"class":83},[69,59145,1155],{"class":87},[69,59147,21864],{"class":1053},[69,59149,163],{"class":146},[69,59151,938],{"class":83},[69,59153,4381],{"class":189},[377,59155,59157],{"id":59156},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[60,59159,59161],{"className":62,"code":59160,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,59162,59163,59196],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,59164,59165,59167,59169,59171,59173,59175,59177,59179,59181,59183,59185,59187,59189,59192,59194],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,59166,5699],{"class":75},[69,59168,80],{"class":79},[69,59170,84],{"class":83},[69,59172,871],{"class":699},[69,59174,8365],{"class":703},[69,59176,871],{"class":699},[69,59178,91],{"class":83},[69,59180,881],{"class":699},[69,59182,20909],{"class":703},[69,59184,871],{"class":699},[69,59186,91],{"class":83},[69,59188,881],{"class":699},[69,59190,59191],{"class":703},"SAM",[69,59193,871],{"class":699},[69,59195,117],{"class":83},[69,59197,59198,59200,59202,59204,59206,59208,59210,59212,59214,59216,59218],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,59199,172],{"class":128},[69,59201,132],{"class":83},[69,59203,5743],{"class":146},[69,59205,537],{"class":83},[69,59207,41729],{"class":146},[69,59209,132],{"class":83},[69,59211,871],{"class":699},[69,59213,20909],{"class":703},[69,59215,871],{"class":699},[69,59217,186],{"class":83},[69,59219,28468],{"class":189},[20,59221,59222,59223,59226],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,59224,59225],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[377,59228,30338,59230,34239],{"id":59229},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,59231,57766],{},[20,59233,59234],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[60,59236,59238],{"className":62,"code":59237,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,59239,59240,59250,59264,59282,59296,59308],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,59241,59242,59244,59246,59248],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,59243,172],{"class":128},[69,59245,132],{"class":83},[69,59247,9026],{"class":146},[69,59249,166],{"class":83},[69,59251,59252,59254,59256,59258,59260,59262],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,59253,172],{"class":128},[69,59255,132],{"class":83},[69,59257,641],{"class":177},[69,59259,132],{"class":83},[69,59261,9026],{"class":146},[69,59263,318],{"class":83},[69,59265,59266,59268,59270,59272,59274,59276,59278,59280],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,59267,172],{"class":128},[69,59269,132],{"class":83},[69,59271,9026],{"class":146},[69,59273,537],{"class":83},[69,59275,41729],{"class":146},[69,59277,132],{"class":83},[69,59279,3198],{"class":146},[69,59281,318],{"class":83},[69,59283,59284,59286,59288,59290,59292,59294],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,59285,172],{"class":128},[69,59287,132],{"class":83},[69,59289,3173],{"class":146},[69,59291,1574],{"class":1053},[69,59293,9082],{"class":146},[69,59295,166],{"class":83},[69,59297,59298,59300,59302,59304,59306],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,59299,1514],{"class":1053},[69,59301,6658],{"class":75},[69,59303,1574],{"class":1053},[69,59305,9082],{"class":75},[69,59307,1579],{"class":83},[69,59309,59310,59312,59314,59316,59318,59320],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,59311,8756],{"class":128},[69,59313,132],{"class":83},[69,59315,42249],{"class":128},[69,59317,132],{"class":83},[69,59319,23999],{"class":146},[69,59321,318],{"class":83},[20,59323,59324],{},"These checks can help you see:",[29,59326,59327,59330,59333],{},[32,59328,59329],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[32,59331,59332],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[32,59334,59335],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,59337,59338],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[29,59340,59341,59346,59349,59356],{},[32,59342,50965,59343,59345],{},[15,59344,57766],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[32,59347,59348],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[32,59350,11795,59351,59353,59354],{},[15,59352,57771],{}," with string ",[15,59355,57766],{},[32,59357,59358],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[55,59360,2519],{"id":2518},[377,59362,2523,59364,59366],{"id":59363},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,59365,57771],{}," change the list?",[20,59368,59369],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[377,59371,59373],{"id":59372},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,59375,12602,59376,537],{},[15,59377,1226],{},[377,59379,5871,59381,59383],{"id":59380},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,59382,57771],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,59385,59386],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[377,59388,15595,59390,59392],{"id":59389},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,59391,57771],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,59394,42622,59395,5096,59397,59399],{},[15,59396,58312],{},[15,59398,58309],{}," are different values.",[377,59401,5859,59403,59405,59406,3218],{"id":59402},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,59404,224],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,59407,88],{},[20,59409,9471,59410,59412,59413,5096,59415,59412,59417,537],{},[15,59411,224],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59414,88],{},[15,59416,230],{},[15,59418,1226],{},[55,59420,2620],{"id":2619},[29,59422,59423,59427,59433,59437,59445,59452],{},[32,59424,59425],{},[533,59426,53246],{"href":51453},[32,59428,59429],{},[533,59430,59432],{"href":59431},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[32,59434,59435],{},[533,59436,7624],{"href":6892},[32,59438,59439],{},[533,59440,55995,59442,11428],{"href":59441},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59443,59444],{},"index()",[32,59446,59447],{},[533,59448,13,59450],{"href":59449},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59451,42831],{},[32,59453,59454],{},[533,59455,59456],{"href":58970},"What is a list in Python",[2650,59458,59459],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":59461},[59462,59463,59465,59466,59467,59473,59479,59481,59489,59500],{"id":4326,"depth":120,"text":4327},{"id":57863,"depth":120,"text":59464},"What list.count() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":540,"depth":120,"text":541},{"id":58185,"depth":120,"text":58186,"children":59468},[59469,59470,59472],{"id":58217,"depth":169,"text":58218},{"id":58316,"depth":169,"text":59471},"1 and True can match",{"id":58415,"depth":169,"text":58416},{"id":58493,"depth":120,"text":58494,"children":59474},[59475,59476,59477,59478],{"id":58497,"depth":169,"text":58498},{"id":58576,"depth":169,"text":58577},{"id":58673,"depth":169,"text":58674},{"id":58748,"depth":169,"text":58749},{"id":58849,"depth":120,"text":59480},"When to use count()",{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771,"children":59482},[59483,59484,59486,59487],{"id":58980,"depth":169,"text":58981},{"id":59069,"depth":169,"text":59485},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":59156,"depth":169,"text":59157},{"id":59229,"depth":169,"text":59488},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":59490},[59491,59493,59494,59496,59498],{"id":59363,"depth":169,"text":59492},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59372,"depth":169,"text":59373},{"id":59380,"depth":169,"text":59495},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59389,"depth":169,"text":59497},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59402,"depth":169,"text":59499},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57758,"description":59501},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59508,"title":59509,"body":59510,"description":61473,"extension":2697,"meta":61474,"navigation":272,"path":61475,"seo":61476,"stem":61477,"__hash__":61478},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59511,"toc":61436},[59512,59515,59518,59520,59648,59652,59733,59744,59746,59765,59769,59772,59775,59793,59795,59838,59842,59867,59876,59880,59885,59888,60005,60009,60078,60082,60094,60098,60101,60142,60146,60159,60162,60247,60251,60284,60291,60297,60302,60304,60316,60320,60353,60357,60389,60393,60430,60434,60454,60458,60492,60496,60525,60536,60540,60543,60546,60559,60616,60620,60659,60665,60668,60670,60673,60677,60680,60705,60707,60732,60739,60742,60787,60791,60810,60813,60852,60859,60864,60898,60902,61003,61010,61043,61047,61073,61077,61080,61118,61121,61158,61162,61165,61184,61188,61249,61251,61269,61273,61276,61279,61308,61310,61314,61317,61325,61329,61332,61352,61358,61364,61368,61371,61378,61386,61388,61427,61433],[10,59513,59509],{"id":59514},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59516,59517],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[55,59519,4327],{"id":4326},[60,59521,59523],{"className":62,"code":59522,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59524,59525,59545,59577,59585,59603,59607,59617,59627,59638],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,59526,59527,59529,59531,59533,59535,59537,59539,59541,59543],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,59528,76],{"class":75},[69,59530,80],{"class":79},[69,59532,84],{"class":83},[69,59534,88],{"class":87},[69,59536,91],{"class":83},[69,59538,94],{"class":87},[69,59540,91],{"class":83},[69,59542,99],{"class":87},[69,59544,117],{"class":83},[69,59546,59547,59549,59551,59553,59555,59557,59559,59561,59563,59565,59567,59569,59571,59573,59575],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,59548,5699],{"class":75},[69,59550,80],{"class":79},[69,59552,84],{"class":83},[69,59554,871],{"class":699},[69,59556,13572],{"class":703},[69,59558,871],{"class":699},[69,59560,91],{"class":83},[69,59562,881],{"class":699},[69,59564,36630],{"class":703},[69,59566,871],{"class":699},[69,59568,91],{"class":83},[69,59570,881],{"class":699},[69,59572,36639],{"class":703},[69,59574,871],{"class":699},[69,59576,117],{"class":83},[69,59578,59579,59581,59583],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,59580,56406],{"class":75},[69,59582,80],{"class":79},[69,59584,1561],{"class":83},[69,59586,59587,59589,59591,59593,59595,59597,59599,59601],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,59588,36780],{"class":75},[69,59590,80],{"class":79},[69,59592,2162],{"class":177},[69,59594,132],{"class":83},[69,59596,871],{"class":699},[69,59598,42030],{"class":703},[69,59600,871],{"class":699},[69,59602,166],{"class":83},[69,59604,59605],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,59606,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,59608,59609,59611,59613,59615],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,59610,172],{"class":128},[69,59612,132],{"class":83},[69,59614,4366],{"class":146},[69,59616,166],{"class":83},[69,59618,59619,59621,59623,59625],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,59620,172],{"class":128},[69,59622,132],{"class":83},[69,59624,5743],{"class":146},[69,59626,166],{"class":83},[69,59628,59629,59631,59633,59636],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,59630,172],{"class":128},[69,59632,132],{"class":83},[69,59634,59635],{"class":146},"empty_list",[69,59637,166],{"class":83},[69,59639,59640,59642,59644,59646],{"class":71,"line":7120},[69,59641,172],{"class":128},[69,59643,132],{"class":83},[69,59645,36833],{"class":146},[69,59647,166],{"class":83},[20,59649,59650],{},[42,59651,321],{},[60,59653,59655],{"className":62,"code":59654,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59656,59657,59673,59701,59705],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,59658,59659,59661,59663,59665,59667,59669,59671],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,59660,331],{"class":83},[69,59662,88],{"class":87},[69,59664,91],{"class":83},[69,59666,94],{"class":87},[69,59668,91],{"class":83},[69,59670,99],{"class":87},[69,59672,117],{"class":83},[69,59674,59675,59677,59679,59681,59683,59685,59687,59689,59691,59693,59695,59697,59699],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,59676,331],{"class":83},[69,59678,706],{"class":699},[69,59680,13572],{"class":703},[69,59682,706],{"class":699},[69,59684,91],{"class":83},[69,59686,700],{"class":699},[69,59688,36630],{"class":703},[69,59690,706],{"class":699},[69,59692,91],{"class":83},[69,59694,700],{"class":699},[69,59696,36639],{"class":703},[69,59698,706],{"class":699},[69,59700,117],{"class":83},[69,59702,59703],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,59704,833],{"class":83},[69,59706,59707,59709,59711,59713,59715,59717,59719,59721,59723,59725,59727,59729,59731],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,59708,331],{"class":83},[69,59710,706],{"class":699},[69,59712,533],{"class":703},[69,59714,706],{"class":699},[69,59716,91],{"class":83},[69,59718,700],{"class":699},[69,59720,5465],{"class":703},[69,59722,706],{"class":699},[69,59724,91],{"class":83},[69,59726,700],{"class":699},[69,59728,10425],{"class":703},[69,59730,706],{"class":699},[69,59732,117],{"class":83},[20,59734,59735,59736,59738,59739,59741,59742,537],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59737,4500],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59740,52],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59743,36888],{},[55,59745,15855],{"id":15854},[29,59747,59748,59751,59754,59757,59762],{},[32,59749,59750],{},"What a list is in Python",[32,59752,59753],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[32,59755,59756],{},"How to create an empty list",[32,59758,59759,59760,3030],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59761,52],{},[32,59763,59764],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[55,59766,59768],{"id":59767},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59770,59771],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59773,59774],{},"This means:",[29,59776,59777,59780,59783,59786],{},[32,59778,59779],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[32,59781,59782],{},"The order of items is kept",[32,59784,59785],{},"A list can hold different data types",[32,59787,59788,59789,59792],{},"A list is ",[42,59790,59791],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59794,234],{},[60,59796,59798],{"className":62,"code":59797,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59799,59800,59824,59828],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,59801,59802,59804,59806,59808,59810,59812,59814,59816,59818,59820,59822],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,59803,1252],{"class":75},[69,59805,80],{"class":79},[69,59807,84],{"class":83},[69,59809,871],{"class":699},[69,59811,874],{"class":703},[69,59813,871],{"class":699},[69,59815,91],{"class":83},[69,59817,6701],{"class":87},[69,59819,91],{"class":83},[69,59821,1287],{"class":1203},[69,59823,117],{"class":83},[69,59825,59826],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,59827,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,59829,59830,59832,59834,59836],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,59831,172],{"class":128},[69,59833,132],{"class":83},[69,59835,8497],{"class":146},[69,59837,166],{"class":83},[20,59839,59840],{},[42,59841,321],{},[60,59843,59845],{"className":62,"code":59844,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59846,59847],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,59848,59849,59851,59853,59855,59857,59859,59861,59863,59865],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,59850,331],{"class":83},[69,59852,706],{"class":699},[69,59854,874],{"class":703},[69,59856,706],{"class":699},[69,59858,91],{"class":83},[69,59860,6701],{"class":87},[69,59862,91],{"class":83},[69,59864,1287],{"class":1203},[69,59866,117],{"class":83},[20,59868,59869,59870,394,59873,537],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[533,59871,59872],{"href":51453},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[533,59874,59875],{"href":58970},"What is a List in Python?",[55,59877,59879],{"id":59878},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59881,59735,59882,59884],{},[15,59883,4500],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59886,59887],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[60,59889,59891],{"className":62,"code":59890,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59892,59893,59913,59945,59970,59974,59984,59994],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,59894,59895,59897,59899,59901,59903,59905,59907,59909,59911],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,59896,76],{"class":75},[69,59898,80],{"class":79},[69,59900,84],{"class":83},[69,59902,88],{"class":87},[69,59904,91],{"class":83},[69,59906,94],{"class":87},[69,59908,91],{"class":83},[69,59910,99],{"class":87},[69,59912,117],{"class":83},[69,59914,59915,59917,59919,59921,59923,59925,59927,59929,59931,59933,59935,59937,59939,59941,59943],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,59916,5699],{"class":75},[69,59918,80],{"class":79},[69,59920,84],{"class":83},[69,59922,871],{"class":699},[69,59924,13572],{"class":703},[69,59926,871],{"class":699},[69,59928,91],{"class":83},[69,59930,881],{"class":699},[69,59932,36630],{"class":703},[69,59934,871],{"class":699},[69,59936,91],{"class":83},[69,59938,881],{"class":699},[69,59940,36639],{"class":703},[69,59942,871],{"class":699},[69,59944,117],{"class":83},[69,59946,59947,59950,59952,59954,59956,59958,59960,59962,59964,59966,59968],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,59948,59949],{"class":75},"mixed ",[69,59951,80],{"class":79},[69,59953,84],{"class":83},[69,59955,444],{"class":87},[69,59957,91],{"class":83},[69,59959,881],{"class":699},[69,59961,1275],{"class":703},[69,59963,871],{"class":699},[69,59965,91],{"class":83},[69,59967,1292],{"class":1203},[69,59969,117],{"class":83},[69,59971,59972],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,59973,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,59975,59976,59978,59980,59982],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,59977,172],{"class":128},[69,59979,132],{"class":83},[69,59981,4366],{"class":146},[69,59983,166],{"class":83},[69,59985,59986,59988,59990,59992],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,59987,172],{"class":128},[69,59989,132],{"class":83},[69,59991,5743],{"class":146},[69,59993,166],{"class":83},[69,59995,59996,59998,60000,60003],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,59997,172],{"class":128},[69,59999,132],{"class":83},[69,60001,60002],{"class":146},"mixed",[69,60004,166],{"class":83},[20,60006,60007],{},[42,60008,321],{},[60,60010,60012],{"className":62,"code":60011,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,60013,60014,60030,60058],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60015,60016,60018,60020,60022,60024,60026,60028],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60017,331],{"class":83},[69,60019,88],{"class":87},[69,60021,91],{"class":83},[69,60023,94],{"class":87},[69,60025,91],{"class":83},[69,60027,99],{"class":87},[69,60029,117],{"class":83},[69,60031,60032,60034,60036,60038,60040,60042,60044,60046,60048,60050,60052,60054,60056],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,60033,331],{"class":83},[69,60035,706],{"class":699},[69,60037,13572],{"class":703},[69,60039,706],{"class":699},[69,60041,91],{"class":83},[69,60043,700],{"class":699},[69,60045,36630],{"class":703},[69,60047,706],{"class":699},[69,60049,91],{"class":83},[69,60051,700],{"class":699},[69,60053,36639],{"class":703},[69,60055,706],{"class":699},[69,60057,117],{"class":83},[69,60059,60060,60062,60064,60066,60068,60070,60072,60074,60076],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,60061,331],{"class":83},[69,60063,444],{"class":87},[69,60065,91],{"class":83},[69,60067,700],{"class":699},[69,60069,1275],{"class":703},[69,60071,706],{"class":699},[69,60073,91],{"class":83},[69,60075,1292],{"class":1203},[69,60077,117],{"class":83},[377,60079,60081],{"id":60080},"key-points","Key points",[29,60083,60084,60089,60091],{},[32,60085,1378,60086,60088],{},[15,60087,4500],{}," to make a new list",[32,60090,16124],{},[32,60092,60093],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[55,60095,60097],{"id":60096},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,60099,60100],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[60,60102,60104],{"className":62,"code":60103,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,60105,60106,60114,60118,60128],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60107,60108,60110,60112],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60109,8995],{"class":75},[69,60111,80],{"class":79},[69,60113,1561],{"class":83},[69,60115,60116],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,60117,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,60119,60120,60122,60124,60126],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,60121,172],{"class":128},[69,60123,132],{"class":83},[69,60125,9026],{"class":146},[69,60127,166],{"class":83},[69,60129,60130,60132,60134,60136,60138,60140],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,60131,172],{"class":128},[69,60133,132],{"class":83},[69,60135,11850],{"class":128},[69,60137,132],{"class":83},[69,60139,9026],{"class":146},[69,60141,318],{"class":83},[20,60143,60144],{},[42,60145,321],{},[60,60147,60149],{"className":62,"code":60148,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[]\n0\n",[15,60150,60151,60155],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60152,60153],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60154,833],{"class":83},[69,60156,60157],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,60158,47724],{"class":87},[20,60160,60161],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[60,60163,60165],{"className":62,"code":60164,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,60166,60167,60175,60179,60197,60215,60233,60237],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60168,60169,60171,60173],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60170,5699],{"class":75},[69,60172,80],{"class":79},[69,60174,1561],{"class":83},[69,60176,60177],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,60178,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,60180,60181,60183,60185,60187,60189,60191,60193,60195],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,60182,5743],{"class":75},[69,60184,537],{"class":83},[69,60186,1606],{"class":146},[69,60188,132],{"class":83},[69,60190,871],{"class":699},[69,60192,13572],{"class":703},[69,60194,871],{"class":699},[69,60196,166],{"class":83},[69,60198,60199,60201,60203,60205,60207,60209,60211,60213],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,60200,5743],{"class":75},[69,60202,537],{"class":83},[69,60204,1606],{"class":146},[69,60206,132],{"class":83},[69,60208,871],{"class":699},[69,60210,36630],{"class":703},[69,60212,871],{"class":699},[69,60214,166],{"class":83},[69,60216,60217,60219,60221,60223,60225,60227,60229,60231],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,60218,5743],{"class":75},[69,60220,537],{"class":83},[69,60222,1606],{"class":146},[69,60224,132],{"class":83},[69,60226,871],{"class":699},[69,60228,36639],{"class":703},[69,60230,871],{"class":699},[69,60232,166],{"class":83},[69,60234,60235],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,60236,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,60238,60239,60241,60243,60245],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,60240,172],{"class":128},[69,60242,132],{"class":83},[69,60244,5743],{"class":146},[69,60246,166],{"class":83},[20,60248,60249],{},[42,60250,321],{},[60,60252,60254],{"className":62,"code":60253,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,60255,60256],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60257,60258,60260,60262,60264,60266,60268,60270,60272,60274,60276,60278,60280,60282],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60259,331],{"class":83},[69,60261,706],{"class":699},[69,60263,13572],{"class":703},[69,60265,706],{"class":699},[69,60267,91],{"class":83},[69,60269,700],{"class":699},[69,60271,36630],{"class":703},[69,60273,706],{"class":699},[69,60275,91],{"class":83},[69,60277,700],{"class":699},[69,60279,36639],{"class":703},[69,60281,706],{"class":699},[69,60283,117],{"class":83},[20,60285,60286,60287,537],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[533,60288,60289,11428],{"href":57244},[15,60290,53127],{},[55,60292,60294,60295],{"id":60293},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,60296,52],{},[20,60298,1378,60299,60301],{},[15,60300,52],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,60303,6157],{},[29,60305,60306,60308,60310,60312],{},[32,60307,6009],{},[32,60309,6003],{},[32,60311,6006],{},[32,60313,60314],{},[15,60315,36888],{},[377,60317,60319],{"id":60318},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[60,60321,60323],{"className":62,"code":60322,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,60324,60325,60343],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60326,60327,60329,60331,60333,60335,60337,60339,60341],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60328,36780],{"class":75},[69,60330,80],{"class":79},[69,60332,2162],{"class":177},[69,60334,132],{"class":83},[69,60336,871],{"class":699},[69,60338,42030],{"class":703},[69,60340,871],{"class":699},[69,60342,166],{"class":83},[69,60344,60345,60347,60349,60351],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,60346,172],{"class":128},[69,60348,132],{"class":83},[69,60350,36833],{"class":146},[69,60352,166],{"class":83},[20,60354,60355],{},[42,60356,321],{},[60,60358,60359],{"className":62,"code":43346,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,60360,60361],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60362,60363,60365,60367,60369,60371,60373,60375,60377,60379,60381,60383,60385,60387],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60364,331],{"class":83},[69,60366,706],{"class":699},[69,60368,533],{"class":703},[69,60370,706],{"class":699},[69,60372,91],{"class":83},[69,60374,700],{"class":699},[69,60376,5465],{"class":703},[69,60378,706],{"class":699},[69,60380,91],{"class":83},[69,60382,700],{"class":699},[69,60384,10425],{"class":703},[69,60386,706],{"class":699},[69,60388,117],{"class":83},[377,60390,60392],{"id":60391},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[60,60394,60396],{"className":62,"code":60395,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,60397,60398,60420],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60399,60400,60402,60404,60406,60408,60410,60412,60414,60416,60418],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60401,76],{"class":75},[69,60403,80],{"class":79},[69,60405,2162],{"class":177},[69,60407,6210],{"class":83},[69,60409,88],{"class":87},[69,60411,91],{"class":83},[69,60413,94],{"class":87},[69,60415,91],{"class":83},[69,60417,99],{"class":87},[69,60419,318],{"class":83},[69,60421,60422,60424,60426,60428],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,60423,172],{"class":128},[69,60425,132],{"class":83},[69,60427,4366],{"class":146},[69,60429,166],{"class":83},[20,60431,60432],{},[42,60433,321],{},[60,60435,60436],{"className":62,"code":55625,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,60437,60438],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60439,60440,60442,60444,60446,60448,60450,60452],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60441,331],{"class":83},[69,60443,88],{"class":87},[69,60445,91],{"class":83},[69,60447,94],{"class":87},[69,60449,91],{"class":83},[69,60451,99],{"class":87},[69,60453,117],{"class":83},[377,60455,60457],{"id":60456},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[60,60459,60461],{"className":62,"code":60460,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60462,60463,60482],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60464,60465,60467,60469,60471,60473,60476,60478,60480],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60466,4536],{"class":75},[69,60468,80],{"class":79},[69,60470,2162],{"class":177},[69,60472,132],{"class":83},[69,60474,60475],{"class":128},"range",[69,60477,132],{"class":83},[69,60479,2866],{"class":87},[69,60481,318],{"class":83},[69,60483,60484,60486,60488,60490],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,60485,172],{"class":128},[69,60487,132],{"class":83},[69,60489,6059],{"class":146},[69,60491,166],{"class":83},[20,60493,60494],{},[42,60495,321],{},[60,60497,60499],{"className":62,"code":60498,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60500,60501],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60502,60503,60505,60507,60509,60511,60513,60515,60517,60519,60521,60523],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60504,331],{"class":83},[69,60506,1226],{"class":87},[69,60508,91],{"class":83},[69,60510,1263],{"class":87},[69,60512,91],{"class":83},[69,60514,94],{"class":87},[69,60516,91],{"class":83},[69,60518,99],{"class":87},[69,60520,91],{"class":83},[69,60522,104],{"class":87},[69,60524,117],{"class":83},[20,60526,60527,60529,60530,537],{},[15,60528,52],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[533,60531,60533,60535],{"href":60532},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60534,52],{},": Function Explained",[55,60537,60539],{"id":60538},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60541,60542],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60544,60545],{},"Examples include:",[29,60547,60548,60550,60552,60554,60556],{},[32,60549,6009],{},[32,60551,40893],{},[32,60553,52520],{},[32,60555,41063],{},[32,60557,60558],{},"other lists",[60,60560,60562],{"className":62,"code":60561,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60563,60564,60602,60606],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60565,60566,60568,60570,60572,60574,60576,60578,60580,60582,60584,60586,60588,60590,60592,60594,60596,60598,60600],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60567,9852],{"class":75},[69,60569,80],{"class":79},[69,60571,84],{"class":83},[69,60573,871],{"class":699},[69,60575,13572],{"class":703},[69,60577,871],{"class":699},[69,60579,91],{"class":83},[69,60581,459],{"class":87},[69,60583,91],{"class":83},[69,60585,1287],{"class":1203},[69,60587,91],{"class":83},[69,60589,84],{"class":83},[69,60591,88],{"class":87},[69,60593,91],{"class":83},[69,60595,94],{"class":87},[69,60597,91],{"class":83},[69,60599,99],{"class":87},[69,60601,53717],{"class":83},[69,60603,60604],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,60605,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,60607,60608,60610,60612,60614],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,60609,172],{"class":128},[69,60611,132],{"class":83},[69,60613,9891],{"class":146},[69,60615,166],{"class":83},[20,60617,60618],{},[42,60619,321],{},[60,60621,60623],{"className":62,"code":60622,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60624,60625],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60626,60627,60629,60631,60633,60635,60637,60639,60641,60643,60645,60647,60649,60651,60653,60655,60657],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60628,331],{"class":83},[69,60630,706],{"class":699},[69,60632,13572],{"class":703},[69,60634,706],{"class":699},[69,60636,91],{"class":83},[69,60638,459],{"class":87},[69,60640,91],{"class":83},[69,60642,1287],{"class":1203},[69,60644,91],{"class":83},[69,60646,84],{"class":83},[69,60648,88],{"class":87},[69,60650,91],{"class":83},[69,60652,94],{"class":87},[69,60654,91],{"class":83},[69,60656,99],{"class":87},[69,60658,53717],{"class":83},[20,60660,60661,60662,537],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[42,60663,60664],{},"nested list",[20,60666,60667],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[55,60669,5222],{"id":5221},[20,60671,60672],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[377,60674,60676],{"id":60675},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60678,60679],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[60,60681,60683],{"className":62,"code":60682,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60684,60685,60689],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60686,60687],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60688,5239],{"class":189},[69,60690,60691,60693,60695,60697,60699,60701,60703],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,60692,76],{"class":75},[69,60694,80],{"class":79},[69,60696,84],{"class":83},[69,60698,88],{"class":87},[69,60700,94],{"class":87},[69,60702,99],{"class":87},[69,60704,117],{"class":83},[20,60706,11495],{},[60,60708,60710],{"className":62,"code":60709,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60711,60712],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60713,60714,60716,60718,60720,60722,60724,60726,60728,60730],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60715,76],{"class":75},[69,60717,80],{"class":79},[69,60719,84],{"class":83},[69,60721,88],{"class":87},[69,60723,91],{"class":83},[69,60725,94],{"class":87},[69,60727,91],{"class":83},[69,60729,99],{"class":87},[69,60731,117],{"class":83},[377,60733,840,60735,11780,60737],{"id":60734},"using-instead-of",[15,60736,8053],{},[15,60738,4500],{},[20,60740,60741],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[60,60743,60745],{"className":62,"code":60744,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60746,60747,60768,60772],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60748,60749,60752,60754,60756,60758,60760,60762,60764,60766],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60750,60751],{"class":75},"my_values ",[69,60753,80],{"class":79},[69,60755,441],{"class":83},[69,60757,88],{"class":87},[69,60759,91],{"class":83},[69,60761,94],{"class":87},[69,60763,91],{"class":83},[69,60765,99],{"class":87},[69,60767,166],{"class":83},[69,60769,60770],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,60771,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,60773,60774,60776,60778,60780,60782,60785],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,60775,172],{"class":128},[69,60777,132],{"class":83},[69,60779,641],{"class":177},[69,60781,132],{"class":83},[69,60783,60784],{"class":146},"my_values",[69,60786,318],{"class":83},[20,60788,60789],{},[42,60790,321],{},[60,60792,60794],{"className":62,"code":60793,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60795,60796],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60797,60798,60800,60802,60804,60806,60808],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60799,674],{"class":79},[69,60801,696],{"class":135},[69,60803,700],{"class":699},[69,60805,49426],{"class":703},[69,60807,706],{"class":699},[69,60809,689],{"class":79},[20,60811,60812],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[60,60814,60816],{"className":62,"code":60815,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60817,60818,60838],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60819,60820,60822,60824,60826,60828,60830,60832,60834,60836],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60821,60751],{"class":75},[69,60823,80],{"class":79},[69,60825,84],{"class":83},[69,60827,88],{"class":87},[69,60829,91],{"class":83},[69,60831,94],{"class":87},[69,60833,91],{"class":83},[69,60835,99],{"class":87},[69,60837,117],{"class":83},[69,60839,60840,60842,60844,60846,60848,60850],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,60841,172],{"class":128},[69,60843,132],{"class":83},[69,60845,641],{"class":177},[69,60847,132],{"class":83},[69,60849,60784],{"class":146},[69,60851,318],{"class":83},[377,60853,1780,60855,60858],{"id":60854},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60856,60857],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60860,60861,60863],{},[15,60862,52],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[60,60865,60867],{"className":62,"code":60866,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60868,60869,60888],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60870,60871,60873,60875,60877,60879,60881,60884,60886],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60872,123],{"class":75},[69,60874,80],{"class":79},[69,60876,2162],{"class":177},[69,60878,132],{"class":83},[69,60880,871],{"class":699},[69,60882,60883],{"class":703},"hello world",[69,60885,871],{"class":699},[69,60887,166],{"class":83},[69,60889,60890,60892,60894,60896],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,60891,172],{"class":128},[69,60893,132],{"class":83},[69,60895,183],{"class":146},[69,60897,166],{"class":83},[20,60899,60900],{},[42,60901,321],{},[60,60903,60905],{"className":62,"code":60904,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60906,60907],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,60908,60909,60911,60913,60916,60918,60920,60922,60925,60927,60929,60931,60934,60936,60938,60940,60942,60944,60946,60948,60951,60953,60955,60957,60959,60961,60963,60966,60968,60970,60972,60974,60976,60978,60980,60983,60985,60987,60989,60991,60993,60995,60997,60999,61001],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,60910,331],{"class":83},[69,60912,706],{"class":699},[69,60914,60915],{"class":703},"h",[69,60917,706],{"class":699},[69,60919,91],{"class":83},[69,60921,700],{"class":699},[69,60923,60924],{"class":703},"e",[69,60926,706],{"class":699},[69,60928,91],{"class":83},[69,60930,700],{"class":699},[69,60932,60933],{"class":703},"l",[69,60935,706],{"class":699},[69,60937,91],{"class":83},[69,60939,700],{"class":699},[69,60941,60933],{"class":703},[69,60943,706],{"class":699},[69,60945,91],{"class":83},[69,60947,700],{"class":699},[69,60949,60950],{"class":703},"o",[69,60952,706],{"class":699},[69,60954,91],{"class":83},[69,60956,700],{"class":699},[69,60958,700],{"class":699},[69,60960,91],{"class":83},[69,60962,700],{"class":699},[69,60964,60965],{"class":703},"w",[69,60967,706],{"class":699},[69,60969,91],{"class":83},[69,60971,700],{"class":699},[69,60973,60950],{"class":703},[69,60975,706],{"class":699},[69,60977,91],{"class":83},[69,60979,700],{"class":699},[69,60981,60982],{"class":703},"r",[69,60984,706],{"class":699},[69,60986,91],{"class":83},[69,60988,700],{"class":699},[69,60990,60933],{"class":703},[69,60992,706],{"class":699},[69,60994,91],{"class":83},[69,60996,700],{"class":699},[69,60998,19458],{"class":703},[69,61000,706],{"class":699},[69,61002,117],{"class":83},[20,61004,61005,61006,61009],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,61007,61008],{},"split()"," instead:",[60,61011,61013],{"className":62,"code":61012,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,61014,61015,61033],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,61016,61017,61019,61021,61023,61025,61027,61029,61031],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,61018,864],{"class":75},[69,61020,80],{"class":79},[69,61022,881],{"class":699},[69,61024,60883],{"class":703},[69,61026,871],{"class":699},[69,61028,537],{"class":83},[69,61030,35159],{"class":146},[69,61032,9329],{"class":83},[69,61034,61035,61037,61039,61041],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,61036,172],{"class":128},[69,61038,132],{"class":83},[69,61040,4817],{"class":146},[69,61042,166],{"class":83},[20,61044,61045],{},[42,61046,321],{},[60,61048,61050],{"className":62,"code":61049,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61051,61052],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,61053,61054,61056,61058,61060,61062,61064,61066,61069,61071],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,61055,331],{"class":83},[69,61057,706],{"class":699},[69,61059,1275],{"class":703},[69,61061,706],{"class":699},[69,61063,91],{"class":83},[69,61065,700],{"class":699},[69,61067,61068],{"class":703},"world",[69,61070,706],{"class":699},[69,61072,117],{"class":83},[377,61074,61076],{"id":61075},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,61078,61079],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[60,61081,61083],{"className":62,"code":61082,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,61084,61085,61089],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,61086,61087],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,61088,5239],{"class":189},[69,61090,61091,61093,61095,61097,61099,61101,61103,61105,61107,61110,61112,61114,61116],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,61092,5699],{"class":75},[69,61094,80],{"class":79},[69,61096,84],{"class":83},[69,61098,871],{"class":699},[69,61100,13572],{"class":703},[69,61102,871],{"class":699},[69,61104,91],{"class":83},[69,61106,881],{"class":699},[69,61108,61109],{"class":703},"Ben', ",[69,61111,871],{"class":699},[69,61113,36639],{"class":75},[69,61115,871],{"class":699},[69,61117,117],{"class":703},[20,61119,61120],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[60,61122,61124],{"className":62,"code":61123,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,61125,61126],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,61127,61128,61130,61132,61134,61136,61138,61140,61142,61144,61146,61148,61150,61152,61154,61156],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,61129,5699],{"class":75},[69,61131,80],{"class":79},[69,61133,84],{"class":83},[69,61135,871],{"class":699},[69,61137,13572],{"class":703},[69,61139,871],{"class":699},[69,61141,91],{"class":83},[69,61143,881],{"class":699},[69,61145,36630],{"class":703},[69,61147,871],{"class":699},[69,61149,91],{"class":83},[69,61151,881],{"class":699},[69,61153,36639],{"class":703},[69,61155,871],{"class":699},[69,61157,117],{"class":83},[377,61159,61161],{"id":61160},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,61163,61164],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[29,61166,61167,61170,61173,61178],{},[32,61168,61169],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[32,61171,61172],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[32,61174,61175,61176],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,61177,52],{},[32,61179,1780,61180,61183],{},[15,61181,61182],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[377,61185,61187],{"id":61186},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[60,61189,61191],{"className":62,"code":61190,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,61192,61193,61203,61217,61231],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,61194,61195,61197,61199,61201],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,61196,172],{"class":128},[69,61198,132],{"class":83},[69,61200,9026],{"class":146},[69,61202,166],{"class":83},[69,61204,61205,61207,61209,61211,61213,61215],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,61206,172],{"class":128},[69,61208,132],{"class":83},[69,61210,641],{"class":177},[69,61212,132],{"class":83},[69,61214,9026],{"class":146},[69,61216,318],{"class":83},[69,61218,61219,61221,61223,61225,61227,61229],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,61220,172],{"class":128},[69,61222,132],{"class":83},[69,61224,11850],{"class":128},[69,61226,132],{"class":83},[69,61228,9026],{"class":146},[69,61230,318],{"class":83},[69,61232,61233,61235,61237,61239,61241,61243,61245,61247],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,61234,172],{"class":128},[69,61236,132],{"class":83},[69,61238,178],{"class":177},[69,61240,132],{"class":83},[69,61242,60475],{"class":128},[69,61244,132],{"class":83},[69,61246,2866],{"class":87},[69,61248,2019],{"class":83},[20,61250,26696],{},[29,61252,61253,61256,61259,61262],{},[32,61254,61255],{},"what the list contains",[32,61257,61258],{},"whether the value is really a list",[32,61260,61261],{},"how many items it has",[32,61263,26707,61264,61266,61267],{},[15,61265,52],{}," does with ",[15,61268,36888],{},[55,61270,61272],{"id":61271},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,61274,61275],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,61277,61278],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[29,61280,61281,61296,61301],{},[32,61282,1378,61283,2920,61287,2574,61291,61295],{},[533,61284,61285],{"href":57244},[15,61286,53127],{},[533,61288,61289],{"href":53819},[15,61290,53921],{},[533,61292,61293],{"href":54383},[15,61294,54743],{}," to add items later",[32,61297,1378,61298,61300],{},[533,61299,59872],{"href":51453}," for a broader introduction",[32,61302,1378,61303,61307],{},[533,61304,61305,60535],{"href":60532},[15,61306,52],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[55,61309,2519],{"id":2518},[377,61311,61313],{"id":61312},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,61315,61316],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[60,61318,61319],{"className":62,"code":833,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,61320,61321],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,61322,61323],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,61324,833],{"class":83},[377,61326,61328],{"id":61327},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,61330,61331],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[60,61333,61334],{"className":62,"code":55625,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,61335,61336],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,61337,61338,61340,61342,61344,61346,61348,61350],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,61339,331],{"class":83},[69,61341,88],{"class":87},[69,61343,91],{"class":83},[69,61345,94],{"class":87},[69,61347,91],{"class":83},[69,61349,99],{"class":87},[69,61351,117],{"class":83},[377,61353,2561,61355,61357],{"id":61354},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,61356,52],{}," do in Python?",[20,61359,61360,61361,61363],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,61362,36888],{},", into a list.",[377,61365,61367],{"id":61366},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,61369,61370],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[377,61372,5881,61374,5096,61376,3218],{"id":61373},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,61375,4500],{},[15,61377,8053],{},[20,61379,61380,61382,61383,61385],{},[15,61381,4500],{}," creates a list. ",[15,61384,8053],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[55,61387,2620],{"id":2619},[29,61389,61390,61394,61400,61406,61412,61418,61422],{},[32,61391,61392],{},[533,61393,59872],{"href":51453},[32,61395,61396],{},[533,61397,55995,61398,12011],{"href":57244},[15,61399,53127],{},[32,61401,61402],{},[533,61403,55995,61404,12011],{"href":53819},[15,61405,53921],{},[32,61407,61408],{},[533,61409,55995,61410,12011],{"href":54383},[15,61411,54743],{},[32,61413,61414],{},[533,61415,13,61416,18],{"href":60532},[15,61417,52],{},[32,61419,61420],{},[533,61421,59875],{"href":58970},[32,61423,61424],{},[533,61425,61426],{"href":12756},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,61428,61429,61430,61432],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61431,53127],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2650,61434,61435],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":61437},[61438,61439,61440,61441,61444,61445,61451,61452,61462,61463,61472],{"id":4326,"depth":120,"text":4327},{"id":15854,"depth":120,"text":15855},{"id":59767,"depth":120,"text":59768},{"id":59878,"depth":120,"text":59879,"children":61442},[61443],{"id":60080,"depth":169,"text":60081},{"id":60096,"depth":120,"text":60097},{"id":60293,"depth":120,"text":61446,"children":61447},"Create a list with list()",[61448,61449,61450],{"id":60318,"depth":169,"text":60319},{"id":60391,"depth":169,"text":60392},{"id":60456,"depth":169,"text":60457},{"id":60538,"depth":120,"text":60539},{"id":5221,"depth":120,"text":5222,"children":61453},[61454,61455,61457,61459,61460,61461],{"id":60675,"depth":169,"text":60676},{"id":60734,"depth":169,"text":61456},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60854,"depth":169,"text":61458},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":61075,"depth":169,"text":61076},{"id":61160,"depth":169,"text":61161},{"id":61186,"depth":169,"text":61187},{"id":61271,"depth":120,"text":61272},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":61464},[61465,61466,61467,61469,61470],{"id":61312,"depth":169,"text":61313},{"id":61327,"depth":169,"text":61328},{"id":61354,"depth":169,"text":61468},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61366,"depth":169,"text":61367},{"id":61373,"depth":169,"text":61471},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59509,"description":61473},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61480,"title":61481,"body":61482,"description":63223,"extension":2697,"meta":63224,"navigation":272,"path":63225,"seo":63226,"stem":63227,"__hash__":63228},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61483,"toc":63178},[61484,61489,61494,61497,61499,61570,61575,61580,61584,61598,61603,61605,61625,61630,61633,61656,61660,61665,61757,61759,61781,61787,61793,61800,61807,61813,61870,61876,61934,61936,61948,61956,61962,61967,61971,62028,62031,62035,62094,62097,62101,62159,62171,62175,62228,62231,62235,62241,62247,62309,62312,62373,62376,62432,62437,62439,62443,62450,62511,62516,62525,62581,62588,62592,62650,62659,62717,62721,62756,62760,62770,62773,62828,62842,62845,62960,62965,62969,62980,62982,63061,63071,63073,63078,63083,63090,63098,63104,63107,63113,63116,63122,63128,63130,63166,63175],[10,61485,54817,61487,12011],{"id":61486},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61488,53921],{},[20,61490,61491,61493],{},[15,61492,53822],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61495,61496],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[55,61498,58],{"id":57},[60,61500,61502],{"className":62,"code":61501,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61503,61504,61520,61537,61541,61556,61566],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,61505,61506,61508,61510,61512,61514,61516,61518],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,61507,76],{"class":75},[69,61509,80],{"class":79},[69,61511,84],{"class":83},[69,61513,88],{"class":87},[69,61515,91],{"class":83},[69,61517,94],{"class":87},[69,61519,117],{"class":83},[69,61521,61522,61525,61527,61529,61531,61533,61535],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,61523,61524],{"class":75},"more_numbers ",[69,61526,80],{"class":79},[69,61528,84],{"class":83},[69,61530,346],{"class":87},[69,61532,91],{"class":83},[69,61534,104],{"class":87},[69,61536,117],{"class":83},[69,61538,61539],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,61540,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,61542,61543,61545,61547,61549,61551,61554],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,61544,4366],{"class":75},[69,61546,537],{"class":83},[69,61548,53951],{"class":146},[69,61550,132],{"class":83},[69,61552,61553],{"class":146},"more_numbers",[69,61555,166],{"class":83},[69,61557,61558,61560,61562,61564],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,61559,172],{"class":128},[69,61561,132],{"class":83},[69,61563,4366],{"class":146},[69,61565,166],{"class":83},[69,61567,61568],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,61569,53198],{"class":189},[20,61571,1378,61572,61574],{},[15,61573,53921],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[55,61576,202,61578,205],{"id":61577},"what-listextend-does",[15,61579,53822],{},[20,61581,61582,143],{},[15,61583,53921],{},[29,61585,61586,61589,61591,61594],{},[32,61587,61588],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[32,61590,54903],{},[32,61592,61593],{},"Does not create a new list",[32,61595,12113,61596],{},[15,61597,1181],{},[20,61599,61600,61601,54276],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61602,53921],{},[55,61604,2888],{"id":2887},[60,61606,61608],{"className":62,"code":61607,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61609,61610],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,61611,61612,61615,61617,61619,61621,61623],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,61613,61614],{"class":75},"list_name",[69,61616,537],{"class":83},[69,61618,53951],{"class":146},[69,61620,132],{"class":83},[69,61622,399],{"class":146},[69,61624,166],{"class":83},[20,61626,6152,61627,61629],{},[42,61628,399],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61631,61632],{},"Common iterables include:",[29,61634,61635,61639,61643,61647,61652],{},[32,61636,61637],{},[15,61638,178],{},[32,61640,61641],{},[15,61642,49426],{},[32,61644,61645],{},[15,61646,6982],{},[32,61648,61649],{},[15,61650,61651],{},"string",[32,61653,61654],{},[15,61655,60475],{},[55,61657,61659],{"id":61658},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61661,61662,61663,143],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61664,53921],{},[60,61666,61668],{"className":62,"code":61667,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61669,61670,61694,61719,61723,61738,61742,61752],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,61671,61672,61674,61676,61678,61680,61682,61684,61686,61688,61690,61692],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,61673,36929],{"class":75},[69,61675,80],{"class":79},[69,61677,84],{"class":83},[69,61679,871],{"class":699},[69,61681,874],{"class":703},[69,61683,871],{"class":699},[69,61685,91],{"class":83},[69,61687,881],{"class":699},[69,61689,893],{"class":703},[69,61691,871],{"class":699},[69,61693,117],{"class":83},[69,61695,61696,61699,61701,61703,61705,61707,61709,61711,61713,61715,61717],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,61697,61698],{"class":75},"more_fruits ",[69,61700,80],{"class":79},[69,61702,84],{"class":83},[69,61704,871],{"class":699},[69,61706,33911],{"class":703},[69,61708,871],{"class":699},[69,61710,91],{"class":83},[69,61712,881],{"class":699},[69,61714,23222],{"class":703},[69,61716,871],{"class":699},[69,61718,117],{"class":83},[69,61720,61721],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,61722,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,61724,61725,61727,61729,61731,61733,61736],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,61726,36981],{"class":75},[69,61728,537],{"class":83},[69,61730,53951],{"class":146},[69,61732,132],{"class":83},[69,61734,61735],{"class":146},"more_fruits",[69,61737,166],{"class":83},[69,61739,61740],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,61741,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,61743,61744,61746,61748,61750],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,61745,172],{"class":128},[69,61747,132],{"class":83},[69,61749,36981],{"class":146},[69,61751,166],{"class":83},[69,61753,61754],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,61755,61756],{"class":189},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61758,12374],{},[29,61760,61761,61766,61771],{},[32,61762,61763,61765],{},[15,61764,36981],{}," starts with two items",[32,61767,61768,61770],{},[15,61769,61735],{}," has two more items",[32,61772,61773,61775,61776,61778,61779],{},[15,61774,53921],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61777,61735],{}," to ",[15,61780,36981],{},[20,61782,61783,61784,61786],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61785,36981],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61788,55042,61789,5096,61791,537],{},[533,61790,53246],{"href":51453},[533,61792,57630],{"href":57629},[55,61794,61796,11272,61798],{"id":61795},"extend-vs-append",[15,61797,53921],{},[15,61799,53127],{},[20,61801,61802,5096,61804,61806],{},[15,61803,53921],{},[15,61805,53127],{}," are often confused.",[377,61808,61810,61812],{"id":61809},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61811,53921],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[60,61814,61816],{"className":62,"code":61815,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61817,61818,61834,61852,61856,61866],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,61819,61820,61822,61824,61826,61828,61830,61832],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,61821,76],{"class":75},[69,61823,80],{"class":79},[69,61825,84],{"class":83},[69,61827,88],{"class":87},[69,61829,91],{"class":83},[69,61831,94],{"class":87},[69,61833,117],{"class":83},[69,61835,61836,61838,61840,61842,61844,61846,61848,61850],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,61837,4366],{"class":75},[69,61839,537],{"class":83},[69,61841,53951],{"class":146},[69,61843,3710],{"class":83},[69,61845,346],{"class":87},[69,61847,91],{"class":83},[69,61849,104],{"class":87},[69,61851,618],{"class":83},[69,61853,61854],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,61855,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,61857,61858,61860,61862,61864],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,61859,172],{"class":128},[69,61861,132],{"class":83},[69,61863,4366],{"class":146},[69,61865,166],{"class":83},[69,61867,61868],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,61869,53198],{"class":189},[377,61871,61873,61875],{"id":61872},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61874,53127],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[60,61877,61879],{"className":62,"code":61878,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61880,61881,61897,61915,61919,61929],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,61882,61883,61885,61887,61889,61891,61893,61895],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,61884,76],{"class":75},[69,61886,80],{"class":79},[69,61888,84],{"class":83},[69,61890,88],{"class":87},[69,61892,91],{"class":83},[69,61894,94],{"class":87},[69,61896,117],{"class":83},[69,61898,61899,61901,61903,61905,61907,61909,61911,61913],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,61900,4366],{"class":75},[69,61902,537],{"class":83},[69,61904,1606],{"class":146},[69,61906,3710],{"class":83},[69,61908,346],{"class":87},[69,61910,91],{"class":83},[69,61912,104],{"class":87},[69,61914,618],{"class":83},[69,61916,61917],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,61918,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,61920,61921,61923,61925,61927],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,61922,172],{"class":128},[69,61924,132],{"class":83},[69,61926,4366],{"class":146},[69,61928,166],{"class":83},[69,61930,61931],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,61932,61933],{"class":189},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61935,19385],{},[29,61937,61938,61943],{},[32,61939,61940,61942],{},[15,61941,53921],{}," to combine values",[32,61944,61945,61947],{},[15,61946,53127],{}," to add one item",[20,61949,42563,61950,5096,61954,537],{},[533,61951,55995,61952,11428],{"href":57244},[15,61953,53127],{},[533,61955,53524],{"href":53523},[55,61957,840,61959,61961],{"id":61958},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61960,53921],{}," with different iterables",[20,61963,61964,61966],{},[15,61965,53921],{}," works with more than just lists.",[377,61968,61970],{"id":61969},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[60,61972,61974],{"className":62,"code":61973,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61975,61976,61992,62010,62014,62024],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,61977,61978,61980,61982,61984,61986,61988,61990],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,61979,4536],{"class":75},[69,61981,80],{"class":79},[69,61983,84],{"class":83},[69,61985,88],{"class":87},[69,61987,91],{"class":83},[69,61989,94],{"class":87},[69,61991,117],{"class":83},[69,61993,61994,61996,61998,62000,62002,62004,62006,62008],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,61995,6059],{"class":75},[69,61997,537],{"class":83},[69,61999,53951],{"class":146},[69,62001,6210],{"class":83},[69,62003,346],{"class":87},[69,62005,91],{"class":83},[69,62007,104],{"class":87},[69,62009,318],{"class":83},[69,62011,62012],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,62013,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,62015,62016,62018,62020,62022],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,62017,172],{"class":128},[69,62019,132],{"class":83},[69,62021,6059],{"class":146},[69,62023,166],{"class":83},[69,62025,62026],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,62027,53198],{"class":189},[20,62029,62030],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[377,62032,62034],{"id":62033},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[60,62036,62038],{"className":62,"code":62037,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62039,62040,62056,62075,62079,62089],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,62041,62042,62044,62046,62048,62050,62052,62054],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,62043,36780],{"class":75},[69,62045,80],{"class":79},[69,62047,84],{"class":83},[69,62049,871],{"class":699},[69,62051,533],{"class":703},[69,62053,871],{"class":699},[69,62055,117],{"class":83},[69,62057,62058,62060,62062,62064,62066,62068,62071,62073],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,62059,36833],{"class":75},[69,62061,537],{"class":83},[69,62063,53951],{"class":146},[69,62065,132],{"class":83},[69,62067,871],{"class":699},[69,62069,62070],{"class":703},"bc",[69,62072,871],{"class":699},[69,62074,166],{"class":83},[69,62076,62077],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,62078,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,62080,62081,62083,62085,62087],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,62082,172],{"class":128},[69,62084,132],{"class":83},[69,62086,36833],{"class":146},[69,62088,166],{"class":83},[69,62090,62091],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,62092,62093],{"class":189},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,62095,62096],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[377,62098,62100],{"id":62099},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[60,62102,62104],{"className":62,"code":62103,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,62105,62106,62118,62140,62144,62154],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,62107,62108,62110,62112,62114,62116],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,62109,76],{"class":75},[69,62111,80],{"class":79},[69,62113,84],{"class":83},[69,62115,1226],{"class":87},[69,62117,117],{"class":83},[69,62119,62120,62122,62124,62126,62128,62130,62132,62134,62136,62138],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,62121,4366],{"class":75},[69,62123,537],{"class":83},[69,62125,53951],{"class":146},[69,62127,132],{"class":83},[69,62129,60475],{"class":128},[69,62131,132],{"class":83},[69,62133,88],{"class":87},[69,62135,91],{"class":83},[69,62137,104],{"class":87},[69,62139,318],{"class":83},[69,62141,62142],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,62143,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,62145,62146,62148,62150,62152],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,62147,172],{"class":128},[69,62149,132],{"class":83},[69,62151,4366],{"class":146},[69,62153,166],{"class":83},[69,62155,62156],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,62157,62158],{"class":189},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,62160,62161,62164,62165,2920,62167,2574,62169,537],{},[15,62162,62163],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,62166,88],{},[15,62168,1155],{},[15,62170,346],{},[377,62172,62174],{"id":62173},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[60,62176,62178],{"className":62,"code":62177,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62179,62180,62196,62214,62218],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,62181,62182,62184,62186,62188,62190,62192,62194],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,62183,1252],{"class":75},[69,62185,80],{"class":79},[69,62187,84],{"class":83},[69,62189,88],{"class":87},[69,62191,91],{"class":83},[69,62193,94],{"class":87},[69,62195,117],{"class":83},[69,62197,62198,62200,62202,62204,62206,62208,62210,62212],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,62199,8497],{"class":75},[69,62201,537],{"class":83},[69,62203,53951],{"class":146},[69,62205,6229],{"class":83},[69,62207,346],{"class":87},[69,62209,91],{"class":83},[69,62211,104],{"class":87},[69,62213,31185],{"class":83},[69,62215,62216],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,62217,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,62219,62220,62222,62224,62226],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,62221,172],{"class":128},[69,62223,132],{"class":83},[69,62225,8497],{"class":146},[69,62227,166],{"class":83},[20,62229,62230],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[55,62232,62234],{"id":62233},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,62236,62237,1172,62239,537],{},[15,62238,53921],{},[15,62240,1181],{},[20,62242,62243,62244,143],{},"That means this is ",[42,62245,62246],{},"wrong",[60,62248,62250],{"className":62,"code":62249,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,62251,62252,62268,62290,62294,62304],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,62253,62254,62256,62258,62260,62262,62264,62266],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,62255,76],{"class":75},[69,62257,80],{"class":79},[69,62259,84],{"class":83},[69,62261,88],{"class":87},[69,62263,91],{"class":83},[69,62265,94],{"class":87},[69,62267,117],{"class":83},[69,62269,62270,62272,62274,62276,62278,62280,62282,62284,62286,62288],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,62271,123],{"class":75},[69,62273,80],{"class":79},[69,62275,163],{"class":75},[69,62277,537],{"class":83},[69,62279,53951],{"class":146},[69,62281,3710],{"class":83},[69,62283,346],{"class":87},[69,62285,91],{"class":83},[69,62287,104],{"class":87},[69,62289,618],{"class":83},[69,62291,62292],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,62293,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,62295,62296,62298,62300,62302],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,62297,172],{"class":128},[69,62299,132],{"class":83},[69,62301,183],{"class":146},[69,62303,166],{"class":83},[69,62305,62306],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,62307,62308],{"class":189},"# None\n",[20,62310,62311],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[60,62313,62315],{"className":62,"code":62314,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62316,62317,62333,62355,62359,62369],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,62318,62319,62321,62323,62325,62327,62329,62331],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,62320,76],{"class":75},[69,62322,80],{"class":79},[69,62324,84],{"class":83},[69,62326,88],{"class":87},[69,62328,91],{"class":83},[69,62330,94],{"class":87},[69,62332,117],{"class":83},[69,62334,62335,62337,62339,62341,62343,62345,62347,62349,62351,62353],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,62336,76],{"class":75},[69,62338,80],{"class":79},[69,62340,163],{"class":75},[69,62342,537],{"class":83},[69,62344,53951],{"class":146},[69,62346,3710],{"class":83},[69,62348,346],{"class":87},[69,62350,91],{"class":83},[69,62352,104],{"class":87},[69,62354,618],{"class":83},[69,62356,62357],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,62358,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,62360,62361,62363,62365,62367],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,62362,172],{"class":128},[69,62364,132],{"class":83},[69,62366,4366],{"class":146},[69,62368,166],{"class":83},[69,62370,62371],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,62372,62308],{"class":189},[20,62374,62375],{},"The correct way is:",[60,62377,62378],{"className":62,"code":61815,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,62379,62380,62396,62414,62418,62428],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,62381,62382,62384,62386,62388,62390,62392,62394],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,62383,76],{"class":75},[69,62385,80],{"class":79},[69,62387,84],{"class":83},[69,62389,88],{"class":87},[69,62391,91],{"class":83},[69,62393,94],{"class":87},[69,62395,117],{"class":83},[69,62397,62398,62400,62402,62404,62406,62408,62410,62412],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,62399,4366],{"class":75},[69,62401,537],{"class":83},[69,62403,53951],{"class":146},[69,62405,3710],{"class":83},[69,62407,346],{"class":87},[69,62409,91],{"class":83},[69,62411,104],{"class":87},[69,62413,618],{"class":83},[69,62415,62416],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,62417,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,62419,62420,62422,62424,62426],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,62421,172],{"class":128},[69,62423,132],{"class":83},[69,62425,4366],{"class":146},[69,62427,166],{"class":83},[69,62429,62430],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,62431,53198],{"class":189},[20,62433,56384,62434,62436],{},[15,62435,53921],{}," first, then use the original list.",[55,62438,5222],{"id":5221},[20,62440,1774,62441,537],{},[15,62442,53921],{},[377,62444,62446,62447,62449],{"id":62445},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62448,53921],{}," to return a new list",[60,62451,62453],{"className":62,"code":62452,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62454,62455,62471,62493,62497,62507],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,62456,62457,62459,62461,62463,62465,62467,62469],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,62458,76],{"class":75},[69,62460,80],{"class":79},[69,62462,84],{"class":83},[69,62464,88],{"class":87},[69,62466,91],{"class":83},[69,62468,94],{"class":87},[69,62470,117],{"class":83},[69,62472,62473,62475,62477,62479,62481,62483,62485,62487,62489,62491],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,62474,56117],{"class":75},[69,62476,80],{"class":79},[69,62478,163],{"class":75},[69,62480,537],{"class":83},[69,62482,53951],{"class":146},[69,62484,3710],{"class":83},[69,62486,346],{"class":87},[69,62488,91],{"class":83},[69,62490,104],{"class":87},[69,62492,618],{"class":83},[69,62494,62495],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,62496,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,62498,62499,62501,62503,62505],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,62500,172],{"class":128},[69,62502,132],{"class":83},[69,62504,56136],{"class":146},[69,62506,166],{"class":83},[69,62508,62509],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,62510,62308],{"class":189},[20,62512,62513,62514,537],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62515,53921],{},[377,62517,62519,62520,45101,62522,62524],{"id":62518},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62521,53127],{},[15,62523,53921],{}," is needed",[60,62526,62527],{"className":62,"code":61878,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,62528,62529,62545,62563,62567,62577],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,62530,62531,62533,62535,62537,62539,62541,62543],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,62532,76],{"class":75},[69,62534,80],{"class":79},[69,62536,84],{"class":83},[69,62538,88],{"class":87},[69,62540,91],{"class":83},[69,62542,94],{"class":87},[69,62544,117],{"class":83},[69,62546,62547,62549,62551,62553,62555,62557,62559,62561],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,62548,4366],{"class":75},[69,62550,537],{"class":83},[69,62552,1606],{"class":146},[69,62554,3710],{"class":83},[69,62556,346],{"class":87},[69,62558,91],{"class":83},[69,62560,104],{"class":87},[69,62562,618],{"class":83},[69,62564,62565],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,62566,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,62568,62569,62571,62573,62575],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,62570,172],{"class":128},[69,62572,132],{"class":83},[69,62574,4366],{"class":146},[69,62576,166],{"class":83},[69,62578,62579],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,62580,61933],{"class":189},[20,62582,62583,62584,54366,62586,7319],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62585,54365],{},[15,62587,53921],{},[377,62589,62591],{"id":62590},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[60,62593,62595],{"className":62,"code":62594,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62596,62597,62613,62631,62635,62645],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,62598,62599,62601,62603,62605,62607,62609,62611],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,62600,864],{"class":75},[69,62602,80],{"class":79},[69,62604,84],{"class":83},[69,62606,871],{"class":699},[69,62608,1275],{"class":703},[69,62610,871],{"class":699},[69,62612,117],{"class":83},[69,62614,62615,62617,62619,62621,62623,62625,62627,62629],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,62616,4817],{"class":75},[69,62618,537],{"class":83},[69,62620,53951],{"class":146},[69,62622,132],{"class":83},[69,62624,871],{"class":699},[69,62626,61068],{"class":703},[69,62628,871],{"class":699},[69,62630,166],{"class":83},[69,62632,62633],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,62634,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,62636,62637,62639,62641,62643],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,62638,172],{"class":128},[69,62640,132],{"class":83},[69,62642,4817],{"class":146},[69,62644,166],{"class":83},[69,62646,62647],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,62648,62649],{"class":189},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62651,62652,62653,62656,62657,143],{},"If you want ",[15,62654,62655],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62658,53127],{},[60,62660,62662],{"className":62,"code":62661,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62663,62664,62680,62698,62702,62712],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,62665,62666,62668,62670,62672,62674,62676,62678],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,62667,864],{"class":75},[69,62669,80],{"class":79},[69,62671,84],{"class":83},[69,62673,871],{"class":699},[69,62675,1275],{"class":703},[69,62677,871],{"class":699},[69,62679,117],{"class":83},[69,62681,62682,62684,62686,62688,62690,62692,62694,62696],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,62683,4817],{"class":75},[69,62685,537],{"class":83},[69,62687,1606],{"class":146},[69,62689,132],{"class":83},[69,62691,871],{"class":699},[69,62693,61068],{"class":703},[69,62695,871],{"class":699},[69,62697,166],{"class":83},[69,62699,62700],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,62701,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,62703,62704,62706,62708,62710],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,62705,172],{"class":128},[69,62707,132],{"class":83},[69,62709,4817],{"class":146},[69,62711,166],{"class":83},[69,62713,62714],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,62715,62716],{"class":189},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[377,62718,62720],{"id":62719},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[60,62722,62724],{"className":62,"code":62723,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62725,62726,62742],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,62727,62728,62730,62732,62734,62736,62738,62740],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,62729,76],{"class":75},[69,62731,80],{"class":79},[69,62733,84],{"class":83},[69,62735,88],{"class":87},[69,62737,91],{"class":83},[69,62739,94],{"class":87},[69,62741,117],{"class":83},[69,62743,62744,62746,62748,62750,62752,62754],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,62745,4366],{"class":75},[69,62747,537],{"class":83},[69,62749,53951],{"class":146},[69,62751,132],{"class":83},[69,62753,2866],{"class":87},[69,62755,166],{"class":83},[20,62757,2247,62758,2250],{},[15,62759,2866],{},[20,62761,62762,62763,62765,62766,62769],{},"You will get a ",[15,62764,3728],{},". See ",[533,62767,62768],{"href":53074},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62771,62772],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[60,62774,62776],{"className":62,"code":62775,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62777,62778,62788,62802,62814],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,62779,62780,62782,62784,62786],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,62781,172],{"class":128},[69,62783,132],{"class":83},[69,62785,9026],{"class":146},[69,62787,166],{"class":83},[69,62789,62790,62792,62794,62796,62798,62800],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,62791,172],{"class":128},[69,62793,132],{"class":83},[69,62795,641],{"class":177},[69,62797,132],{"class":83},[69,62799,6059],{"class":146},[69,62801,318],{"class":83},[69,62803,62804,62806,62808,62810,62812],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,62805,172],{"class":128},[69,62807,132],{"class":83},[69,62809,183],{"class":146},[69,62811,938],{"class":83},[69,62813,166],{"class":75},[69,62815,62816,62818,62820,62822,62824,62826],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,62817,32842],{"class":128},[69,62819,132],{"class":83},[69,62821,178],{"class":177},[69,62823,537],{"class":83},[69,62825,53951],{"class":25438},[69,62827,166],{"class":83},[44051,62829,62830],{},[20,62831,62832,62833,62836,62837,62839,62840,537],{},"Note: ",[15,62834,62835],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62838,938],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62841,33717],{},[20,62843,62844],{},"Correct debugging example:",[60,62846,62848],{"className":62,"code":62847,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62849,62850,62866,62882,62886,62900,62904,62912,62922,62936,62946],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,62851,62852,62854,62856,62858,62860,62862,62864],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,62853,8995],{"class":75},[69,62855,80],{"class":79},[69,62857,84],{"class":83},[69,62859,88],{"class":87},[69,62861,91],{"class":83},[69,62863,94],{"class":87},[69,62865,117],{"class":83},[69,62867,62868,62870,62872,62874,62876,62878,62880],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,62869,4536],{"class":75},[69,62871,80],{"class":79},[69,62873,84],{"class":83},[69,62875,346],{"class":87},[69,62877,91],{"class":83},[69,62879,104],{"class":87},[69,62881,117],{"class":83},[69,62883,62884],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,62885,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,62887,62888,62890,62892,62894,62896,62898],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,62889,9026],{"class":75},[69,62891,537],{"class":83},[69,62893,53951],{"class":146},[69,62895,132],{"class":83},[69,62897,6059],{"class":146},[69,62899,166],{"class":83},[69,62901,62902],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,62903,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,62905,62906,62908,62910],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,62907,123],{"class":75},[69,62909,80],{"class":79},[69,62911,49000],{"class":1203},[69,62913,62914,62916,62918,62920],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,62915,172],{"class":128},[69,62917,132],{"class":83},[69,62919,9026],{"class":146},[69,62921,166],{"class":83},[69,62923,62924,62926,62928,62930,62932,62934],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,62925,172],{"class":128},[69,62927,132],{"class":83},[69,62929,641],{"class":177},[69,62931,132],{"class":83},[69,62933,6059],{"class":146},[69,62935,318],{"class":83},[69,62937,62938,62940,62942,62944],{"class":71,"line":7120},[69,62939,172],{"class":128},[69,62941,132],{"class":83},[69,62943,183],{"class":146},[69,62945,166],{"class":83},[69,62947,62948,62950,62952,62954,62956,62958],{"class":71,"line":7125},[69,62949,32842],{"class":128},[69,62951,132],{"class":83},[69,62953,178],{"class":177},[69,62955,537],{"class":83},[69,62957,53951],{"class":25438},[69,62959,166],{"class":83},[55,62961,1373,62963],{"id":62962},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62964,53921],{},[20,62966,1378,62967,7013],{},[15,62968,53921],{},[29,62970,62971,62974,62977],{},[32,62972,62973],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[32,62975,62976],{},"Add multiple values at once",[32,62978,62979],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62981,6172],{},[60,62983,62985],{"className":62,"code":62984,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62986,62987,63004,63022,63026,63042,63046,63056],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,62988,62989,62992,62994,62996,62998,63000,63002],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,62990,62991],{"class":75},"all_scores ",[69,62993,80],{"class":79},[69,62995,84],{"class":83},[69,62997,14195],{"class":87},[69,62999,91],{"class":83},[69,63001,14200],{"class":87},[69,63003,117],{"class":83},[69,63005,63006,63009,63011,63013,63015,63017,63020],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,63007,63008],{"class":75},"new_scores ",[69,63010,80],{"class":79},[69,63012,84],{"class":83},[69,63014,51979],{"class":87},[69,63016,91],{"class":83},[69,63018,63019],{"class":87}," 92",[69,63021,117],{"class":83},[69,63023,63024],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,63025,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,63027,63028,63031,63033,63035,63037,63040],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,63029,63030],{"class":75},"all_scores",[69,63032,537],{"class":83},[69,63034,53951],{"class":146},[69,63036,132],{"class":83},[69,63038,63039],{"class":146},"new_scores",[69,63041,166],{"class":83},[69,63043,63044],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,63045,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,63047,63048,63050,63052,63054],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,63049,172],{"class":128},[69,63051,132],{"class":83},[69,63053,63030],{"class":146},[69,63055,166],{"class":83},[69,63057,63058],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,63059,63060],{"class":189},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,63062,63063,63064,63066,63067,537],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,63065,53127],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[533,63068,55995,63069,11428],{"href":54383},[15,63070,54743],{},[55,63072,2519],{"id":2518},[377,63074,2523,63076,55944],{"id":63075},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,63077,53822],{},[20,63079,63080,63081,537],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,63082,1181],{},[377,63084,5881,63086,5096,63088,3218],{"id":63085},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,63087,53921],{},[15,63089,53127],{},[20,63091,63092,63094,63095,63097],{},[15,63093,53921],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,63096,53127],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[377,63099,2551,63101,63103],{"id":63100},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,63102,53921],{}," with a string?",[20,63105,63106],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[377,63108,2551,63110,63112],{"id":63109},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,63111,53921],{}," with a tuple?",[20,63114,63115],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[377,63117,63119,63120,3218],{"id":63118},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,63121,53921],{},[20,63123,63124,63125,63127],{},"You get a ",[15,63126,3728],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[55,63129,2620],{"id":2619},[29,63131,63132,63138,63142,63146,63150,63156,63160],{},[32,63133,63134],{},[533,63135,55995,63136,11428],{"href":57244},[15,63137,53127],{},[32,63139,63140],{},[533,63141,54753],{"href":53523},[32,63143,63144],{},[533,63145,57704],{"href":57629},[32,63147,63148],{},[533,63149,53246],{"href":51453},[32,63151,63152],{},[533,63153,55995,63154,11428],{"href":54383},[15,63155,54743],{},[32,63157,63158],{},[533,63159,62768],{"href":53074},[32,63161,63162],{},[533,63163,55995,63164,11428],{"href":55435},[15,63165,13468],{},[20,63167,63168,63169,63171,63172,63174],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,63170,53127],{},", when to use ",[15,63173,54743],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2650,63176,63177],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":63179},[63180,63181,63183,63184,63185,63192,63199,63200,63208,63210,63222],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":61577,"depth":120,"text":63182},"What list.extend() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":61658,"depth":120,"text":61659},{"id":61795,"depth":120,"text":63186,"children":63187},"extend() vs append()",[63188,63190],{"id":61809,"depth":169,"text":63189},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61872,"depth":169,"text":63191},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61958,"depth":120,"text":63193,"children":63194},"Using extend() with different iterables",[63195,63196,63197,63198],{"id":61969,"depth":169,"text":61970},{"id":62033,"depth":169,"text":62034},{"id":62099,"depth":169,"text":62100},{"id":62173,"depth":169,"text":62174},{"id":62233,"depth":120,"text":62234},{"id":5221,"depth":120,"text":5222,"children":63201},[63202,63204,63206,63207],{"id":62445,"depth":169,"text":63203},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62518,"depth":169,"text":63205},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62590,"depth":169,"text":62591},{"id":62719,"depth":169,"text":62720},{"id":62962,"depth":120,"text":63209},"When to use extend()",{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":63211},[63212,63214,63216,63218,63220],{"id":63075,"depth":169,"text":63213},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":63085,"depth":169,"text":63215},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":63100,"depth":169,"text":63217},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":63109,"depth":169,"text":63219},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":63118,"depth":169,"text":63221},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61481,"description":63223},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":63230,"title":63231,"body":63232,"description":65323,"extension":2697,"meta":65324,"navigation":272,"path":65325,"seo":65326,"stem":65327,"__hash__":65328},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":63233,"toc":65286},[63234,63237,63242,63248,63259,63265,63267,63336,63338,63387,63395,63399,63404,63407,63418,63423,63425,63427,63448,63461,63464,63477,63479,63484,63509,63511,63519,63522,63591,63593,63617,63623,63627,63631,63667,63669,63689,63696,63700,63733,63735,63769,63774,63778,63811,63813,63841,63849,63853,63890,63892,63913,63916,63920,63989,63991,64015,64021,64028,64032,64035,64037,64051,64054,64078,64080,64105,64108,64127,64129,64155,64164,64168,64175,64252,64254,64295,64301,64307,64398,64400,64456,64459,64464,64468,64473,64477,64536,64538,64563,64567,64630,64632,64657,64661,64724,64726,64769,64772,64776,64780,64802,64806,64888,64890,64925,64933,64935,64939,64943,64945,64972,64977,64979,65006,65013,65016,65039,65041,65090,65093,65096,65115,65119,65122,65173,65176,65182,65186,65191,65194,65196,65202,65211,65215,65221,65225,65228,65232,65235,65239,65245,65247,65283],[10,63235,63231],{"id":63236},"python-list-function-explained",[20,63238,9809,63239,63241],{},[15,63240,52],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,63243,63244,63245,63247],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,63246,52],{}," for two main reasons:",[29,63249,63250,63253],{},[32,63251,63252],{},"to make an empty list",[32,63254,63255,63256,63258],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63257,60475],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,63260,63261,63262,63264],{},"This page explains how ",[15,63263,52],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[55,63266,58],{"id":57},[60,63268,63270],{"className":62,"code":63269,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63271,63272,63294,63312,63316,63326],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63273,63274,63276,63278,63280,63282,63284,63286,63288,63290,63292],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63275,76],{"class":75},[69,63277,80],{"class":79},[69,63279,2162],{"class":177},[69,63281,6210],{"class":83},[69,63283,88],{"class":87},[69,63285,91],{"class":83},[69,63287,94],{"class":87},[69,63289,91],{"class":83},[69,63291,99],{"class":87},[69,63293,318],{"class":83},[69,63295,63296,63298,63300,63302,63304,63306,63308,63310],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,63297,36780],{"class":75},[69,63299,80],{"class":79},[69,63301,2162],{"class":177},[69,63303,132],{"class":83},[69,63305,871],{"class":699},[69,63307,42030],{"class":703},[69,63309,871],{"class":699},[69,63311,166],{"class":83},[69,63313,63314],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,63315,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,63317,63318,63320,63322,63324],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,63319,172],{"class":128},[69,63321,132],{"class":83},[69,63323,4366],{"class":146},[69,63325,166],{"class":83},[69,63327,63328,63330,63332,63334],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,63329,172],{"class":128},[69,63331,132],{"class":83},[69,63333,36833],{"class":146},[69,63335,166],{"class":83},[20,63337,321],{},[60,63339,63341],{"className":62,"code":63340,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,63342,63343,63359],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63344,63345,63347,63349,63351,63353,63355,63357],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63346,331],{"class":83},[69,63348,88],{"class":87},[69,63350,91],{"class":83},[69,63352,94],{"class":87},[69,63354,91],{"class":83},[69,63356,99],{"class":87},[69,63358,117],{"class":83},[69,63360,63361,63363,63365,63367,63369,63371,63373,63375,63377,63379,63381,63383,63385],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,63362,331],{"class":83},[69,63364,706],{"class":699},[69,63366,533],{"class":703},[69,63368,706],{"class":699},[69,63370,91],{"class":83},[69,63372,700],{"class":699},[69,63374,5465],{"class":703},[69,63376,706],{"class":699},[69,63378,91],{"class":83},[69,63380,700],{"class":699},[69,63382,10425],{"class":703},[69,63384,706],{"class":699},[69,63386,117],{"class":83},[20,63388,1378,63389,63391,63392,63394],{},[15,63390,52],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63393,60475],{},", set, or dictionary.",[55,63396,63398],{"id":63397},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,63400,63401,63403],{},[15,63402,52],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,63405,63406],{},"It can:",[29,63408,63409,63412,63415],{},[32,63410,63411],{},"create a new list object",[32,63413,63414],{},"make an empty list",[32,63416,63417],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,63419,63420,63421,537],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[533,63422,53246],{"href":51453},[55,63424,2888],{"id":2887},[20,63426,27175],{},[60,63428,63430],{"className":62,"code":63429,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63431,63432,63438],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63433,63434,63436],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63435,178],{"class":177},[69,63437,9329],{"class":83},[69,63439,63440,63442,63444,63446],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,63441,178],{"class":177},[69,63443,132],{"class":83},[69,63445,399],{"class":146},[69,63447,166],{"class":83},[29,63449,63450,63455],{},[32,63451,63452,63454],{},[15,63453,52],{}," makes an empty list",[32,63456,63457,63460],{},[15,63458,63459],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63462,63463],{},"Common iterable values include:",[29,63465,63466,63468,63470,63472,63475],{},[32,63467,6009],{},[32,63469,6003],{},[32,63471,6006],{},[32,63473,63474],{},"ranges",[32,63476,7939],{},[55,63478,60097],{"id":60096},[20,63480,1378,63481,63483],{},[15,63482,52],{}," with no arguments:",[60,63485,63487],{"className":62,"code":63486,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63488,63489,63499],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63490,63491,63493,63495,63497],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63492,1252],{"class":75},[69,63494,80],{"class":79},[69,63496,2162],{"class":177},[69,63498,9329],{"class":83},[69,63500,63501,63503,63505,63507],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,63502,172],{"class":128},[69,63504,132],{"class":83},[69,63506,8497],{"class":146},[69,63508,166],{"class":83},[20,63510,321],{},[60,63512,63513],{"className":62,"code":833,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,63514,63515],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63516,63517],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63518,833],{"class":83},[20,63520,63521],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[60,63523,63525],{"className":62,"code":63524,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63526,63527,63537,63541,63559,63577,63581],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63528,63529,63531,63533,63535],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63530,1252],{"class":75},[69,63532,80],{"class":79},[69,63534,2162],{"class":177},[69,63536,9329],{"class":83},[69,63538,63539],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,63540,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,63542,63543,63545,63547,63549,63551,63553,63555,63557],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,63544,8497],{"class":75},[69,63546,537],{"class":83},[69,63548,1606],{"class":146},[69,63550,132],{"class":83},[69,63552,871],{"class":699},[69,63554,874],{"class":703},[69,63556,871],{"class":699},[69,63558,166],{"class":83},[69,63560,63561,63563,63565,63567,63569,63571,63573,63575],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,63562,8497],{"class":75},[69,63564,537],{"class":83},[69,63566,1606],{"class":146},[69,63568,132],{"class":83},[69,63570,871],{"class":699},[69,63572,893],{"class":703},[69,63574,871],{"class":699},[69,63576,166],{"class":83},[69,63578,63579],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,63580,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,63582,63583,63585,63587,63589],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,63584,172],{"class":128},[69,63586,132],{"class":83},[69,63588,8497],{"class":146},[69,63590,166],{"class":83},[20,63592,321],{},[60,63594,63595],{"className":62,"code":969,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,63596,63597],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63598,63599,63601,63603,63605,63607,63609,63611,63613,63615],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63600,331],{"class":83},[69,63602,706],{"class":699},[69,63604,874],{"class":703},[69,63606,706],{"class":699},[69,63608,91],{"class":83},[69,63610,700],{"class":699},[69,63612,893],{"class":703},[69,63614,706],{"class":699},[69,63616,117],{"class":83},[20,63618,63619,63620,63622],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63621,4500],{},". Both are valid.",[55,63624,63626],{"id":63625},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[377,63628,63630],{"id":63629},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[60,63632,63633],{"className":62,"code":60395,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,63634,63635,63657],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63636,63637,63639,63641,63643,63645,63647,63649,63651,63653,63655],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63638,76],{"class":75},[69,63640,80],{"class":79},[69,63642,2162],{"class":177},[69,63644,6210],{"class":83},[69,63646,88],{"class":87},[69,63648,91],{"class":83},[69,63650,94],{"class":87},[69,63652,91],{"class":83},[69,63654,99],{"class":87},[69,63656,318],{"class":83},[69,63658,63659,63661,63663,63665],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,63660,172],{"class":128},[69,63662,132],{"class":83},[69,63664,4366],{"class":146},[69,63666,166],{"class":83},[20,63668,321],{},[60,63670,63671],{"className":62,"code":55625,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,63672,63673],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63674,63675,63677,63679,63681,63683,63685,63687],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63676,331],{"class":83},[69,63678,88],{"class":87},[69,63680,91],{"class":83},[69,63682,94],{"class":87},[69,63684,91],{"class":83},[69,63686,99],{"class":87},[69,63688,117],{"class":83},[20,63690,63691,63692,537],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[533,63693,63695],{"href":63694},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[377,63697,63699],{"id":63698},"string-to-list","String to list",[60,63701,63703],{"className":62,"code":63702,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63704,63705,63723],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63706,63707,63709,63711,63713,63715,63717,63719,63721],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63708,36780],{"class":75},[69,63710,80],{"class":79},[69,63712,2162],{"class":177},[69,63714,132],{"class":83},[69,63716,871],{"class":699},[69,63718,37738],{"class":703},[69,63720,871],{"class":699},[69,63722,166],{"class":83},[69,63724,63725,63727,63729,63731],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,63726,172],{"class":128},[69,63728,132],{"class":83},[69,63730,36833],{"class":146},[69,63732,166],{"class":83},[20,63734,321],{},[60,63736,63738],{"className":62,"code":63737,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63739,63740],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63741,63742,63744,63746,63748,63750,63752,63754,63756,63758,63760,63762,63765,63767],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63743,331],{"class":83},[69,63745,706],{"class":699},[69,63747,10425],{"class":703},[69,63749,706],{"class":699},[69,63751,91],{"class":83},[69,63753,700],{"class":699},[69,63755,533],{"class":703},[69,63757,706],{"class":699},[69,63759,91],{"class":83},[69,63761,700],{"class":699},[69,63763,63764],{"class":703},"t",[69,63766,706],{"class":699},[69,63768,117],{"class":83},[20,63770,63771,63773],{},[15,63772,52],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[377,63775,63777],{"id":63776},"range-to-list","Range to list",[60,63779,63781],{"className":62,"code":63780,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63782,63783,63801],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63784,63785,63787,63789,63791,63793,63795,63797,63799],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63786,76],{"class":75},[69,63788,80],{"class":79},[69,63790,2162],{"class":177},[69,63792,132],{"class":83},[69,63794,60475],{"class":128},[69,63796,132],{"class":83},[69,63798,2866],{"class":87},[69,63800,318],{"class":83},[69,63802,63803,63805,63807,63809],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,63804,172],{"class":128},[69,63806,132],{"class":83},[69,63808,4366],{"class":146},[69,63810,166],{"class":83},[20,63812,321],{},[60,63814,63815],{"className":62,"code":60498,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,63816,63817],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63818,63819,63821,63823,63825,63827,63829,63831,63833,63835,63837,63839],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63820,331],{"class":83},[69,63822,1226],{"class":87},[69,63824,91],{"class":83},[69,63826,1263],{"class":87},[69,63828,91],{"class":83},[69,63830,94],{"class":87},[69,63832,91],{"class":83},[69,63834,99],{"class":87},[69,63836,91],{"class":83},[69,63838,104],{"class":87},[69,63840,117],{"class":83},[20,63842,63843,63844,63848],{},"This is common when working with ",[533,63845,63846],{"href":36885},[15,63847,36888],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[377,63850,63852],{"id":63851},"set-to-list","Set to list",[60,63854,63856],{"className":62,"code":63855,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63857,63858,63880],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63859,63860,63862,63864,63866,63868,63870,63872,63874,63876,63878],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63861,4536],{"class":75},[69,63863,80],{"class":79},[69,63865,2162],{"class":177},[69,63867,6229],{"class":83},[69,63869,444],{"class":87},[69,63871,91],{"class":83},[69,63873,454],{"class":87},[69,63875,91],{"class":83},[69,63877,8482],{"class":87},[69,63879,31185],{"class":83},[69,63881,63882,63884,63886,63888],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,63883,172],{"class":128},[69,63885,132],{"class":83},[69,63887,6059],{"class":146},[69,63889,166],{"class":83},[20,63891,17648],{},[60,63893,63895],{"className":62,"code":63894,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63896,63897],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63898,63899,63901,63903,63905,63907,63909,63911],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63900,331],{"class":83},[69,63902,444],{"class":87},[69,63904,91],{"class":83},[69,63906,454],{"class":87},[69,63908,91],{"class":83},[69,63910,8482],{"class":87},[69,63912,117],{"class":83},[20,63914,63915],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[377,63917,63919],{"id":63918},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[60,63921,63923],{"className":62,"code":63922,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63924,63925,63961,63975,63979],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63926,63927,63929,63931,63933,63935,63937,63939,63941,63943,63945,63947,63949,63951,63953,63955,63957,63959],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63928,13897],{"class":75},[69,63930,80],{"class":79},[69,63932,11177],{"class":83},[69,63934,871],{"class":699},[69,63936,8356],{"class":703},[69,63938,871],{"class":699},[69,63940,143],{"class":83},[69,63942,881],{"class":699},[69,63944,13572],{"class":703},[69,63946,871],{"class":699},[69,63948,91],{"class":83},[69,63950,881],{"class":699},[69,63952,9985],{"class":703},[69,63954,871],{"class":699},[69,63956,143],{"class":83},[69,63958,459],{"class":87},[69,63960,9994],{"class":83},[69,63962,63963,63965,63967,63969,63971,63973],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,63964,123],{"class":75},[69,63966,80],{"class":79},[69,63968,2162],{"class":177},[69,63970,132],{"class":83},[69,63972,17996],{"class":146},[69,63974,166],{"class":83},[69,63976,63977],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,63978,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,63980,63981,63983,63985,63987],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,63982,172],{"class":128},[69,63984,132],{"class":83},[69,63986,183],{"class":146},[69,63988,166],{"class":83},[20,63990,321],{},[60,63992,63993],{"className":62,"code":26168,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,63994,63995],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,63996,63997,63999,64001,64003,64005,64007,64009,64011,64013],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,63998,331],{"class":83},[69,64000,706],{"class":699},[69,64002,8356],{"class":703},[69,64004,706],{"class":699},[69,64006,91],{"class":83},[69,64008,700],{"class":699},[69,64010,9985],{"class":703},[69,64012,706],{"class":699},[69,64014,117],{"class":83},[20,64016,64017,64018,64020],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,64019,52],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,64022,64023,64024,537],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[533,64025,64027],{"href":64026},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[55,64029,64031],{"id":64030},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,64033,64034],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,64036,61632],{},[29,64038,64039,64041,64043,64045,64047,64049],{},[32,64040,6000],{},[32,64042,6003],{},[32,64044,6009],{},[32,64046,6006],{},[32,64048,63474],{},[32,64050,7939],{},[20,64052,64053],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[60,64055,64057],{"className":62,"code":64056,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,64058,64059],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64060,64061,64063,64065,64067,64069,64071,64074,64076],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64062,172],{"class":128},[69,64064,132],{"class":83},[69,64066,178],{"class":177},[69,64068,132],{"class":83},[69,64070,871],{"class":699},[69,64072,64073],{"class":703},"hi",[69,64075,871],{"class":699},[69,64077,318],{"class":83},[20,64079,321],{},[60,64081,64083],{"className":62,"code":64082,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,64084,64085],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64086,64087,64089,64091,64093,64095,64097,64099,64101,64103],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64088,331],{"class":83},[69,64090,706],{"class":699},[69,64092,60915],{"class":703},[69,64094,706],{"class":699},[69,64096,91],{"class":83},[69,64098,700],{"class":699},[69,64100,36844],{"class":703},[69,64102,706],{"class":699},[69,64104,117],{"class":83},[20,64106,64107],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[60,64109,64111],{"className":62,"code":64110,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(list(5))\n",[15,64112,64113],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64114,64115,64117,64119,64121,64123,64125],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64116,172],{"class":128},[69,64118,132],{"class":83},[69,64120,178],{"class":177},[69,64122,132],{"class":83},[69,64124,2866],{"class":87},[69,64126,318],{"class":83},[20,64128,321],{},[60,64130,64132],{"className":62,"code":64131,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,64133,64134],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64135,64136,64138,64140,64142,64144,64146,64148,64150,64152],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64137,3728],{"class":177},[69,64139,143],{"class":83},[69,64141,700],{"class":699},[69,64143,2919],{"class":703},[69,64145,706],{"class":699},[69,64147,679],{"class":177},[69,64149,8783],{"class":79},[69,64151,8786],{"class":79},[69,64153,64154],{"class":75}," iterable\n",[20,64156,64157,64158,64160,64161,537],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[533,64159,536],{"href":535},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[533,64162,64163],{"href":53074},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[55,64165,64167],{"id":64166},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,64169,64170,64171,64174],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,64172,64173],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[60,64176,64178],{"className":62,"code":64177,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,64179,64180,64200,64214,64218,64228,64238],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64181,64182,64184,64186,64188,64190,64192,64194,64196,64198],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64183,12777],{"class":75},[69,64185,80],{"class":79},[69,64187,84],{"class":83},[69,64189,88],{"class":87},[69,64191,91],{"class":83},[69,64193,94],{"class":87},[69,64195,91],{"class":83},[69,64197,99],{"class":87},[69,64199,117],{"class":83},[69,64201,64202,64204,64206,64208,64210,64212],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,64203,15004],{"class":75},[69,64205,80],{"class":79},[69,64207,2162],{"class":177},[69,64209,132],{"class":83},[69,64211,12824],{"class":146},[69,64213,166],{"class":83},[69,64215,64216],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,64217,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,64219,64220,64222,64224,64226],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,64221,172],{"class":128},[69,64223,132],{"class":83},[69,64225,12824],{"class":146},[69,64227,166],{"class":83},[69,64229,64230,64232,64234,64236],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,64231,172],{"class":128},[69,64233,132],{"class":83},[69,64235,15023],{"class":146},[69,64237,166],{"class":83},[69,64239,64240,64242,64244,64246,64248,64250],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,64241,172],{"class":128},[69,64243,132],{"class":83},[69,64245,12777],{"class":146},[69,64247,12885],{"class":1053},[69,64249,15077],{"class":146},[69,64251,166],{"class":83},[20,64253,321],{},[60,64255,64257],{"className":62,"code":64256,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,64258,64259,64275,64291],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64260,64261,64263,64265,64267,64269,64271,64273],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64262,331],{"class":83},[69,64264,88],{"class":87},[69,64266,91],{"class":83},[69,64268,94],{"class":87},[69,64270,91],{"class":83},[69,64272,99],{"class":87},[69,64274,117],{"class":83},[69,64276,64277,64279,64281,64283,64285,64287,64289],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,64278,331],{"class":83},[69,64280,88],{"class":87},[69,64282,91],{"class":83},[69,64284,94],{"class":87},[69,64286,91],{"class":83},[69,64288,99],{"class":87},[69,64290,117],{"class":83},[69,64292,64293],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,64294,4746],{"class":1203},[20,64296,64297,64298,64300],{},"This means ",[15,64299,15023],{}," is a different list object.",[20,64302,64303,64304,64306],{},"However, this is only a ",[42,64305,13542],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[60,64308,64310],{"className":62,"code":64309,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,64311,64312,64338,64352,64356,64374,64378,64388],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64313,64314,64316,64318,64320,64322,64324,64326,64328,64330,64332,64334,64336],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64315,12777],{"class":75},[69,64317,80],{"class":79},[69,64319,56769],{"class":83},[69,64321,88],{"class":87},[69,64323,91],{"class":83},[69,64325,94],{"class":87},[69,64327,18752],{"class":83},[69,64329,84],{"class":83},[69,64331,346],{"class":87},[69,64333,91],{"class":83},[69,64335,104],{"class":87},[69,64337,53717],{"class":83},[69,64339,64340,64342,64344,64346,64348,64350],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,64341,15004],{"class":75},[69,64343,80],{"class":79},[69,64345,2162],{"class":177},[69,64347,132],{"class":83},[69,64349,12824],{"class":146},[69,64351,166],{"class":83},[69,64353,64354],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,64355,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,64357,64358,64360,64362,64364,64366,64368,64370,64372],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,64359,15023],{"class":75},[69,64361,331],{"class":83},[69,64363,1226],{"class":87},[69,64365,14243],{"class":83},[69,64367,1606],{"class":146},[69,64369,132],{"class":83},[69,64371,56822],{"class":87},[69,64373,166],{"class":83},[69,64375,64376],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,64377,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,64379,64380,64382,64384,64386],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,64381,172],{"class":128},[69,64383,132],{"class":83},[69,64385,12824],{"class":146},[69,64387,166],{"class":83},[69,64389,64390,64392,64394,64396],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,64391,172],{"class":128},[69,64393,132],{"class":83},[69,64395,15023],{"class":146},[69,64397,166],{"class":83},[20,64399,321],{},[60,64401,64402],{"className":62,"code":56853,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,64403,64404,64430],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64405,64406,64408,64410,64412,64414,64416,64418,64420,64422,64424,64426,64428],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64407,56860],{"class":83},[69,64409,88],{"class":87},[69,64411,91],{"class":83},[69,64413,94],{"class":87},[69,64415,91],{"class":83},[69,64417,10883],{"class":87},[69,64419,18752],{"class":83},[69,64421,84],{"class":83},[69,64423,346],{"class":87},[69,64425,91],{"class":83},[69,64427,104],{"class":87},[69,64429,53717],{"class":83},[69,64431,64432,64434,64436,64438,64440,64442,64444,64446,64448,64450,64452,64454],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,64433,56860],{"class":83},[69,64435,88],{"class":87},[69,64437,91],{"class":83},[69,64439,94],{"class":87},[69,64441,91],{"class":83},[69,64443,10883],{"class":87},[69,64445,18752],{"class":83},[69,64447,84],{"class":83},[69,64449,346],{"class":87},[69,64451,91],{"class":83},[69,64453,104],{"class":87},[69,64455,53717],{"class":83},[20,64457,64458],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,64460,64461,64462,537],{},"For more on this, see ",[533,64463,14483],{"href":14482},[55,64465,64467],{"id":64466},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64469,64470,64471,537],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64472,52],{},[377,64474,64476],{"id":64475},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[60,64478,64480],{"className":62,"code":64479,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64481,64482,64522],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64483,64484,64486,64488,64490,64492,64494,64496,64498,64500,64502,64504,64506,64508,64510,64512,64514,64516,64518,64520],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64485,13555],{"class":75},[69,64487,80],{"class":79},[69,64489,11177],{"class":83},[69,64491,871],{"class":699},[69,64493,8356],{"class":703},[69,64495,871],{"class":699},[69,64497,143],{"class":83},[69,64499,881],{"class":699},[69,64501,8608],{"class":703},[69,64503,871],{"class":699},[69,64505,91],{"class":83},[69,64507,881],{"class":699},[69,64509,20582],{"class":703},[69,64511,871],{"class":699},[69,64513,143],{"class":83},[69,64515,881],{"class":699},[69,64517,22934],{"class":703},[69,64519,871],{"class":699},[69,64521,9994],{"class":83},[69,64523,64524,64526,64528,64530,64532,64534],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,64525,172],{"class":128},[69,64527,132],{"class":83},[69,64529,178],{"class":177},[69,64531,132],{"class":83},[69,64533,14318],{"class":146},[69,64535,318],{"class":83},[20,64537,321],{},[60,64539,64541],{"className":62,"code":64540,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64542,64543],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64544,64545,64547,64549,64551,64553,64555,64557,64559,64561],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64546,331],{"class":83},[69,64548,706],{"class":699},[69,64550,8356],{"class":703},[69,64552,706],{"class":699},[69,64554,91],{"class":83},[69,64556,700],{"class":699},[69,64558,20582],{"class":703},[69,64560,706],{"class":699},[69,64562,117],{"class":83},[377,64564,64566],{"id":64565},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[60,64568,64570],{"className":62,"code":64569,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64571,64572,64612],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64573,64574,64576,64578,64580,64582,64584,64586,64588,64590,64592,64594,64596,64598,64600,64602,64604,64606,64608,64610],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64575,13555],{"class":75},[69,64577,80],{"class":79},[69,64579,11177],{"class":83},[69,64581,871],{"class":699},[69,64583,8356],{"class":703},[69,64585,871],{"class":699},[69,64587,143],{"class":83},[69,64589,881],{"class":699},[69,64591,8608],{"class":703},[69,64593,871],{"class":699},[69,64595,91],{"class":83},[69,64597,881],{"class":699},[69,64599,20582],{"class":703},[69,64601,871],{"class":699},[69,64603,143],{"class":83},[69,64605,881],{"class":699},[69,64607,22934],{"class":703},[69,64609,871],{"class":699},[69,64611,9994],{"class":83},[69,64613,64614,64616,64618,64620,64622,64624,64626,64628],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,64615,172],{"class":128},[69,64617,132],{"class":83},[69,64619,178],{"class":177},[69,64621,132],{"class":83},[69,64623,14318],{"class":146},[69,64625,537],{"class":83},[69,64627,6059],{"class":146},[69,64629,6985],{"class":83},[20,64631,321],{},[60,64633,64635],{"className":62,"code":64634,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64636,64637],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64638,64639,64641,64643,64645,64647,64649,64651,64653,64655],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64640,331],{"class":83},[69,64642,706],{"class":699},[69,64644,8608],{"class":703},[69,64646,706],{"class":699},[69,64648,91],{"class":83},[69,64650,700],{"class":699},[69,64652,22934],{"class":703},[69,64654,706],{"class":699},[69,64656,117],{"class":83},[377,64658,64660],{"id":64659},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[60,64662,64664],{"className":62,"code":64663,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64665,64666,64706],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64667,64668,64670,64672,64674,64676,64678,64680,64682,64684,64686,64688,64690,64692,64694,64696,64698,64700,64702,64704],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64669,13555],{"class":75},[69,64671,80],{"class":79},[69,64673,11177],{"class":83},[69,64675,871],{"class":699},[69,64677,8356],{"class":703},[69,64679,871],{"class":699},[69,64681,143],{"class":83},[69,64683,881],{"class":699},[69,64685,8608],{"class":703},[69,64687,871],{"class":699},[69,64689,91],{"class":83},[69,64691,881],{"class":699},[69,64693,20582],{"class":703},[69,64695,871],{"class":699},[69,64697,143],{"class":83},[69,64699,881],{"class":699},[69,64701,22934],{"class":703},[69,64703,871],{"class":699},[69,64705,9994],{"class":83},[69,64707,64708,64710,64712,64714,64716,64718,64720,64722],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,64709,172],{"class":128},[69,64711,132],{"class":83},[69,64713,178],{"class":177},[69,64715,132],{"class":83},[69,64717,14318],{"class":146},[69,64719,537],{"class":83},[69,64721,8497],{"class":146},[69,64723,6985],{"class":83},[20,64725,321],{},[60,64727,64729],{"className":62,"code":64728,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64730,64731],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64732,64733,64735,64737,64739,64741,64743,64745,64747,64749,64751,64753,64755,64757,64759,64761,64763,64765,64767],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64734,22430],{"class":83},[69,64736,706],{"class":699},[69,64738,8356],{"class":703},[69,64740,706],{"class":699},[69,64742,91],{"class":83},[69,64744,700],{"class":699},[69,64746,8608],{"class":703},[69,64748,706],{"class":699},[69,64750,9920],{"class":83},[69,64752,441],{"class":83},[69,64754,706],{"class":699},[69,64756,20582],{"class":703},[69,64758,706],{"class":699},[69,64760,91],{"class":83},[69,64762,700],{"class":699},[69,64764,22934],{"class":703},[69,64766,706],{"class":699},[69,64768,9935],{"class":83},[20,64770,64771],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[55,64773,64775],{"id":64774},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64777,1378,64778,11288],{},[15,64779,52],{},[29,64781,64782,64790,64799],{},[32,64783,64784,64785,394,64787],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64786,53127],{},[15,64788,64789],{},"sort()",[32,64791,64792,64793,394,64795,64798],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64794,36888],{},[15,64796,64797],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[32,64800,64801],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64803,46512,64804,143],{},[15,64805,64797],{},[60,64807,64809],{"className":62,"code":64808,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64810,64811,64835,64851,64855,64878],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64812,64813,64815,64817,64819,64821,64823,64825,64827,64829,64831,64833],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64814,5699],{"class":75},[69,64816,80],{"class":79},[69,64818,84],{"class":83},[69,64820,871],{"class":699},[69,64822,13572],{"class":703},[69,64824,871],{"class":699},[69,64826,91],{"class":83},[69,64828,881],{"class":699},[69,64830,36630],{"class":703},[69,64832,871],{"class":699},[69,64834,117],{"class":83},[69,64836,64837,64839,64841,64843,64845,64847,64849],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,64838,5768],{"class":75},[69,64840,80],{"class":79},[69,64842,84],{"class":83},[69,64844,14195],{"class":87},[69,64846,91],{"class":83},[69,64848,14200],{"class":87},[69,64850,117],{"class":83},[69,64852,64853],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,64854,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,64856,64857,64859,64861,64863,64865,64868,64870,64872,64874,64876],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,64858,9902],{"class":75},[69,64860,80],{"class":79},[69,64862,2162],{"class":177},[69,64864,132],{"class":83},[69,64866,64867],{"class":128},"zip",[69,64869,132],{"class":83},[69,64871,5743],{"class":146},[69,64873,91],{"class":83},[69,64875,5814],{"class":146},[69,64877,318],{"class":83},[69,64879,64880,64882,64884,64886],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,64881,172],{"class":128},[69,64883,132],{"class":83},[69,64885,9948],{"class":146},[69,64887,166],{"class":83},[20,64889,321],{},[60,64891,64893],{"className":62,"code":64892,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64894,64895],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64896,64897,64899,64901,64903,64905,64907,64909,64911,64913,64915,64917,64919,64921,64923],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64898,22430],{"class":83},[69,64900,706],{"class":699},[69,64902,13572],{"class":703},[69,64904,706],{"class":699},[69,64906,91],{"class":83},[69,64908,20589],{"class":87},[69,64910,9920],{"class":83},[69,64912,441],{"class":83},[69,64914,706],{"class":699},[69,64916,36630],{"class":703},[69,64918,706],{"class":699},[69,64920,91],{"class":83},[69,64922,14200],{"class":87},[69,64924,9935],{"class":83},[20,64926,64927,64928,64930,64931,537],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64929,53127],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[533,64932,53524],{"href":53523},[55,64934,5222],{"id":5221},[20,64936,57251,64937,537],{},[15,64938,52],{},[377,64940,64942],{"id":64941},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64944,5229],{},[60,64946,64948],{"className":62,"code":64947,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64949,64950,64954],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64951,64952],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64953,5239],{"class":189},[69,64955,64956,64958,64960,64962,64964,64966,64968,64970],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,64957,178],{"class":177},[69,64959,132],{"class":83},[69,64961,88],{"class":87},[69,64963,91],{"class":83},[69,64965,94],{"class":87},[69,64967,91],{"class":83},[69,64969,99],{"class":87},[69,64971,166],{"class":83},[20,64973,64974,64976],{},[15,64975,52],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64978,19385],{},[60,64980,64982],{"className":62,"code":64981,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64983,64984],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,64985,64986,64988,64990,64992,64994,64996,64998,65000,65002,65004],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,64987,172],{"class":128},[69,64989,132],{"class":83},[69,64991,178],{"class":177},[69,64993,6210],{"class":83},[69,64995,88],{"class":87},[69,64997,91],{"class":83},[69,64999,94],{"class":87},[69,65001,91],{"class":83},[69,65003,99],{"class":87},[69,65005,2019],{"class":83},[377,65007,65009,65010],{"id":65008},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[69,65011,65012],{},"\"hello\"",[20,65014,65015],{},"This is a common surprise:",[60,65017,65019],{"className":62,"code":65018,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,65020,65021],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,65022,65023,65025,65027,65029,65031,65033,65035,65037],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,65024,172],{"class":128},[69,65026,132],{"class":83},[69,65028,178],{"class":177},[69,65030,132],{"class":83},[69,65032,871],{"class":699},[69,65034,1275],{"class":703},[69,65036,871],{"class":699},[69,65038,318],{"class":83},[20,65040,321],{},[60,65042,65044],{"className":62,"code":65043,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,65045,65046],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,65047,65048,65050,65052,65054,65056,65058,65060,65062,65064,65066,65068,65070,65072,65074,65076,65078,65080,65082,65084,65086,65088],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,65049,331],{"class":83},[69,65051,706],{"class":699},[69,65053,60915],{"class":703},[69,65055,706],{"class":699},[69,65057,91],{"class":83},[69,65059,700],{"class":699},[69,65061,60924],{"class":703},[69,65063,706],{"class":699},[69,65065,91],{"class":83},[69,65067,700],{"class":699},[69,65069,60933],{"class":703},[69,65071,706],{"class":699},[69,65073,91],{"class":83},[69,65075,700],{"class":699},[69,65077,60933],{"class":703},[69,65079,706],{"class":699},[69,65081,91],{"class":83},[69,65083,700],{"class":699},[69,65085,60950],{"class":703},[69,65087,706],{"class":699},[69,65089,117],{"class":83},[20,65091,65092],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,65094,65095],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[60,65097,65099],{"className":62,"code":65098,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,65100,65101],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,65102,65103,65105,65107,65109,65111,65113],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,65104,172],{"class":128},[69,65106,3710],{"class":83},[69,65108,871],{"class":699},[69,65110,1275],{"class":703},[69,65112,871],{"class":699},[69,65114,618],{"class":83},[377,65116,65118],{"id":65117},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,65120,65121],{},"This:",[60,65123,65125],{"className":62,"code":65124,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,65126,65127,65159],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,65128,65129,65131,65133,65135,65137,65139,65141,65143,65145,65147,65149,65151,65153,65155,65157],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,65130,9852],{"class":75},[69,65132,80],{"class":79},[69,65134,11177],{"class":83},[69,65136,871],{"class":699},[69,65138,533],{"class":703},[69,65140,871],{"class":699},[69,65142,143],{"class":83},[69,65144,1263],{"class":87},[69,65146,91],{"class":83},[69,65148,881],{"class":699},[69,65150,5465],{"class":703},[69,65152,871],{"class":699},[69,65154,143],{"class":83},[69,65156,94],{"class":87},[69,65158,9994],{"class":83},[69,65160,65161,65163,65165,65167,65169,65171],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,65162,172],{"class":128},[69,65164,132],{"class":83},[69,65166,178],{"class":177},[69,65168,132],{"class":83},[69,65170,9891],{"class":146},[69,65172,318],{"class":83},[20,65174,65175],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,65177,1378,65178,65181],{},[15,65179,65180],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[377,65183,65185],{"id":65184},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,65187,65188,65190],{},[15,65189,52],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,65192,65193],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[55,65195,2519],{"id":2518},[377,65197,5881,65199,65201],{"id":65198},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[69,65200],{}," and list()?",[20,65203,65204,65205,65207,65208,65210],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,65206,4500],{}," is shorter. ",[15,65209,52],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[377,65212,65214],{"id":65213},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,65216,65217,65218,65220],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,65219,52],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[377,65222,65224],{"id":65223},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,65226,65227],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[377,65229,65231],{"id":65230},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,65233,65234],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[377,65236,65238],{"id":65237},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,65240,65241,65242,65244],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,65243,52],{}," cannot loop through it.",[55,65246,2620],{"id":2619},[29,65248,65249,65253,65258,65262,65266,65270,65274,65279],{},[32,65250,65251],{},[533,65252,53246],{"href":51453},[32,65254,65255],{},[533,65256,65257],{"href":36885},"Python range() function explained",[32,65259,65260],{},[533,65261,63695],{"href":63694},[32,65263,65264],{},[533,65265,64027],{"href":64026},[32,65267,65268],{},[533,65269,2648],{"href":535},[32,65271,65272],{},[533,65273,14483],{"href":14482},[32,65275,65276],{},[533,65277,65278],{"href":53074},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[32,65280,65281],{},[533,65282,54753],{"href":53523},[2650,65284,65285],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":65287},[65288,65289,65290,65291,65292,65299,65300,65301,65306,65307,65314,65322],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":63397,"depth":120,"text":63398},{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":60096,"depth":120,"text":60097},{"id":63625,"depth":120,"text":63626,"children":65293},[65294,65295,65296,65297,65298],{"id":63629,"depth":169,"text":63630},{"id":63698,"depth":169,"text":63699},{"id":63776,"depth":169,"text":63777},{"id":63851,"depth":169,"text":63852},{"id":63918,"depth":169,"text":63919},{"id":64030,"depth":120,"text":64031},{"id":64166,"depth":120,"text":64167},{"id":64466,"depth":120,"text":64467,"children":65302},[65303,65304,65305],{"id":64475,"depth":169,"text":64476},{"id":64565,"depth":169,"text":64566},{"id":64659,"depth":169,"text":64660},{"id":64774,"depth":120,"text":64775},{"id":5221,"depth":120,"text":5222,"children":65308},[65309,65310,65312,65313],{"id":64941,"depth":169,"text":64942},{"id":65008,"depth":169,"text":65311},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":65117,"depth":169,"text":65118},{"id":65184,"depth":169,"text":65185},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":65315},[65316,65318,65319,65320,65321],{"id":65198,"depth":169,"text":65317},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":65213,"depth":169,"text":65214},{"id":65223,"depth":169,"text":65224},{"id":65230,"depth":169,"text":65231},{"id":65237,"depth":169,"text":65238},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":63231,"description":65323},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":65330,"title":65331,"body":65332,"description":66683,"extension":2697,"meta":66684,"navigation":272,"path":66685,"seo":66686,"stem":66687,"__hash__":66688},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":65333,"toc":66657},[65334,65339,65345,65354,65356,65429,65438,65443,65447,65463,65467,65469,65471,65490,65493,65521,65524,65549,65557,65559,65564,65571,65573,65630,65632,65640,65646,65650,65653,65726,65728,65736,65739,65762,65769,65775,65779,65785,65856,65858,65866,65875,65882,65889,65897,66041,66043,66060,66063,66102,66105,66109,66114,66116,66175,66181,66184,66291,66293,66308,66311,66318,66320,66324,66472,66475,66536,66539,66542,66563,66568,66572,66583,66586,66588,66593,66596,66604,66609,66615,66618,66624,66632,66634,66654],[10,65335,54817,65337,12011],{"id":65336},"python-list-index-method",[15,65338,59444],{},[20,65340,65341,65344],{},[15,65342,65343],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,65346,65347,65348,65351,65352,537],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[42,65349,65350],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65353,41173],{},[55,65355,4327],{"id":4326},[60,65357,65359],{"className":62,"code":65358,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,65360,65361,65393,65416],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,65362,65363,65365,65367,65369,65371,65373,65375,65377,65379,65381,65383,65385,65387,65389,65391],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,65364,1252],{"class":75},[69,65366,80],{"class":79},[69,65368,84],{"class":83},[69,65370,871],{"class":699},[69,65372,874],{"class":703},[69,65374,871],{"class":699},[69,65376,91],{"class":83},[69,65378,881],{"class":699},[69,65380,893],{"class":703},[69,65382,871],{"class":699},[69,65384,91],{"class":83},[69,65386,881],{"class":699},[69,65388,4800],{"class":703},[69,65390,871],{"class":699},[69,65392,117],{"class":83},[69,65394,65395,65398,65400,65402,65404,65406,65408,65410,65412,65414],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,65396,65397],{"class":75},"position ",[69,65399,80],{"class":79},[69,65401,1319],{"class":75},[69,65403,537],{"class":83},[69,65405,36535],{"class":146},[69,65407,132],{"class":83},[69,65409,871],{"class":699},[69,65411,893],{"class":703},[69,65413,871],{"class":699},[69,65415,166],{"class":83},[69,65417,65418,65420,65422,65425,65427],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,65419,172],{"class":128},[69,65421,132],{"class":83},[69,65423,65424],{"class":146},"position",[69,65426,938],{"class":83},[69,65428,28468],{"class":189},[20,65430,1378,65431,65434,65435,65437],{},[15,65432,65433],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65436,41173],{}," if the item is not found.",[55,65439,202,65441,205],{"id":65440},"what-listindex-does",[15,65442,65343],{},[20,65444,65445,143],{},[15,65446,65343],{},[29,65448,65449,65452,65455,65460],{},[32,65450,65451],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[32,65453,65454],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[32,65456,65457,65458],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65459,1226],{},[32,65461,65462],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65464,55042,65465,537],{},[533,65466,53246],{"href":55045},[55,65468,2888],{"id":2887},[20,65470,31414],{},[60,65472,65474],{"className":62,"code":65473,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65475,65476],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,65477,65478,65480,65482,65484,65486,65488],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,65479,9026],{"class":75},[69,65481,537],{"class":83},[69,65483,36535],{"class":146},[69,65485,132],{"class":83},[69,65487,3198],{"class":146},[69,65489,166],{"class":83},[20,65491,65492],{},"You can also limit the search:",[60,65494,65496],{"className":62,"code":65495,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65497,65498],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,65499,65500,65502,65504,65506,65508,65510,65512,65514,65516,65519],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,65501,9026],{"class":75},[69,65503,537],{"class":83},[69,65505,36535],{"class":146},[69,65507,132],{"class":83},[69,65509,3198],{"class":146},[69,65511,91],{"class":83},[69,65513,36741],{"class":146},[69,65515,91],{"class":83},[69,65517,65518],{"class":146}," end",[69,65520,166],{"class":83},[20,65522,65523],{},"Here is what each part means:",[29,65525,65526,65531,65536,65541],{},[32,65527,65528,65530],{},[15,65529,3198],{},": the item to search for",[32,65532,65533,65535],{},[15,65534,36762],{},": where the search begins",[32,65537,65538,65540],{},[15,65539,53135],{},": where the search stops",[32,65542,65543,5488,65545,65548],{},[15,65544,53135],{},[42,65546,65547],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65550,65551,65552,65554,65555,537],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65553,36762],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65556,53135],{},[55,65558,541],{"id":540},[20,65560,65561,65563],{},[15,65562,65343],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65565,65566,65567,65570],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[42,65568,65569],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65572,234],{},[60,65574,65576],{"className":62,"code":65575,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65577,65578,65598,65616,65620],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,65579,65580,65582,65584,65586,65588,65590,65592,65594,65596],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,65581,76],{"class":75},[69,65583,80],{"class":79},[69,65585,84],{"class":83},[69,65587,444],{"class":87},[69,65589,91],{"class":83},[69,65591,454],{"class":87},[69,65593,91],{"class":83},[69,65595,8482],{"class":87},[69,65597,117],{"class":83},[69,65599,65600,65602,65604,65606,65608,65610,65612,65614],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,65601,123],{"class":75},[69,65603,80],{"class":79},[69,65605,163],{"class":75},[69,65607,537],{"class":83},[69,65609,36535],{"class":146},[69,65611,132],{"class":83},[69,65613,522],{"class":87},[69,65615,166],{"class":83},[69,65617,65618],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,65619,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,65621,65622,65624,65626,65628],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,65623,172],{"class":128},[69,65625,132],{"class":83},[69,65627,183],{"class":146},[69,65629,166],{"class":83},[20,65631,321],{},[60,65633,65634],{"className":62,"code":47389,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,65635,65636],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,65637,65638],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,65639,47389],{"class":87},[20,65641,65642,65643,65645],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65644,59444],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[55,65647,65649],{"id":65648},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65651,65652],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[60,65654,65656],{"className":62,"code":65655,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65657,65658,65690,65712,65716],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,65659,65660,65662,65664,65666,65668,65670,65672,65674,65676,65678,65680,65682,65684,65686,65688],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,65661,36929],{"class":75},[69,65663,80],{"class":79},[69,65665,84],{"class":83},[69,65667,871],{"class":699},[69,65669,874],{"class":703},[69,65671,871],{"class":699},[69,65673,91],{"class":83},[69,65675,881],{"class":699},[69,65677,893],{"class":703},[69,65679,871],{"class":699},[69,65681,91],{"class":83},[69,65683,881],{"class":699},[69,65685,4800],{"class":703},[69,65687,871],{"class":699},[69,65689,117],{"class":83},[69,65691,65692,65694,65696,65698,65700,65702,65704,65706,65708,65710],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,65693,65397],{"class":75},[69,65695,80],{"class":79},[69,65697,53326],{"class":75},[69,65699,537],{"class":83},[69,65701,36535],{"class":146},[69,65703,132],{"class":83},[69,65705,871],{"class":699},[69,65707,4800],{"class":703},[69,65709,871],{"class":699},[69,65711,166],{"class":83},[69,65713,65714],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,65715,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,65717,65718,65720,65722,65724],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,65719,172],{"class":128},[69,65721,132],{"class":83},[69,65723,65424],{"class":146},[69,65725,166],{"class":83},[20,65727,321],{},[60,65729,65730],{"className":62,"code":17746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,65731,65732],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,65733,65734],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,65735,17746],{"class":87},[20,65737,65738],{},"In this list:",[29,65740,65741,65748,65755],{},[32,65742,65743,65745,65746],{},[15,65744,58309],{}," is at index ",[15,65747,1226],{},[32,65749,65750,65745,65753],{},[15,65751,65752],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65754,88],{},[32,65756,65757,65745,65760],{},[15,65758,65759],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65761,1155],{},[20,65763,54128,65764,1172,65767,537],{},[15,65765,65766],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65768,1155],{},[20,65770,52017,65771,537],{},[533,65772,65774],{"href":65773},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[55,65776,65778],{"id":65777},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65780,65781,65782,65784],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65783,59444],{}," returns the first match only.",[60,65786,65788],{"className":62,"code":65787,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65789,65790,65830,65834],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,65791,65792,65794,65796,65798,65800,65802,65804,65806,65808,65810,65812,65814,65816,65818,65820,65822,65824,65826,65828],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,65793,13768],{"class":75},[69,65795,80],{"class":79},[69,65797,84],{"class":83},[69,65799,871],{"class":699},[69,65801,13785],{"class":703},[69,65803,871],{"class":699},[69,65805,91],{"class":83},[69,65807,881],{"class":699},[69,65809,13802],{"class":703},[69,65811,871],{"class":699},[69,65813,91],{"class":83},[69,65815,881],{"class":699},[69,65817,13785],{"class":703},[69,65819,871],{"class":699},[69,65821,91],{"class":83},[69,65823,881],{"class":699},[69,65825,18145],{"class":703},[69,65827,871],{"class":699},[69,65829,117],{"class":83},[69,65831,65832],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,65833,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,65835,65836,65838,65840,65842,65844,65846,65848,65850,65852,65854],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,65837,172],{"class":128},[69,65839,132],{"class":83},[69,65841,18192],{"class":146},[69,65843,537],{"class":83},[69,65845,36535],{"class":146},[69,65847,132],{"class":83},[69,65849,871],{"class":699},[69,65851,13785],{"class":703},[69,65853,871],{"class":699},[69,65855,318],{"class":83},[20,65857,321],{},[60,65859,65860],{"className":62,"code":47724,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,65861,65862],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,65863,65864],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,65865,47724],{"class":87},[20,65867,21668,65868,65871,65872,65874],{},[15,65869,65870],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65873,1226],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65876,65877,65878,537],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[533,65879,55995,65880,11428],{"href":59503},[15,65881,57766],{},[55,65883,840,65885,5096,65887],{"id":65884},"using-start-and-end",[15,65886,36762],{},[15,65888,53135],{},[20,65890,65891,65892,5096,65894,65896],{},"The optional ",[15,65893,36762],{},[15,65895,53135],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[60,65898,65900],{"className":62,"code":65899,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65901,65902,65950,65954,65979,66008],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,65903,65904,65906,65908,65910,65912,65914,65916,65918,65920,65922,65924,65926,65928,65930,65932,65934,65936,65938,65940,65942,65944,65946,65948],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,65905,36780],{"class":75},[69,65907,80],{"class":79},[69,65909,84],{"class":83},[69,65911,871],{"class":699},[69,65913,533],{"class":703},[69,65915,871],{"class":699},[69,65917,91],{"class":83},[69,65919,881],{"class":699},[69,65921,5465],{"class":703},[69,65923,871],{"class":699},[69,65925,91],{"class":83},[69,65927,881],{"class":699},[69,65929,10425],{"class":703},[69,65931,871],{"class":699},[69,65933,91],{"class":83},[69,65935,881],{"class":699},[69,65937,5465],{"class":703},[69,65939,871],{"class":699},[69,65941,91],{"class":83},[69,65943,881],{"class":699},[69,65945,19458],{"class":703},[69,65947,871],{"class":699},[69,65949,117],{"class":83},[69,65951,65952],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,65953,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,65955,65956,65958,65960,65962,65964,65966,65968,65970,65972,65974,65976],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,65957,172],{"class":128},[69,65959,132],{"class":83},[69,65961,36833],{"class":146},[69,65963,537],{"class":83},[69,65965,36535],{"class":146},[69,65967,132],{"class":83},[69,65969,871],{"class":699},[69,65971,5465],{"class":703},[69,65973,871],{"class":699},[69,65975,186],{"class":83},[69,65977,65978],{"class":189},"        # first match\n",[69,65980,65981,65983,65985,65987,65989,65991,65993,65995,65997,65999,66001,66003,66005],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,65982,172],{"class":128},[69,65984,132],{"class":83},[69,65986,36833],{"class":146},[69,65988,537],{"class":83},[69,65990,36535],{"class":146},[69,65992,132],{"class":83},[69,65994,871],{"class":699},[69,65996,5465],{"class":703},[69,65998,871],{"class":699},[69,66000,91],{"class":83},[69,66002,94],{"class":87},[69,66004,186],{"class":83},[69,66006,66007],{"class":189},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[69,66009,66010,66012,66014,66016,66018,66020,66022,66024,66026,66028,66030,66032,66034,66036,66038],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,66011,172],{"class":128},[69,66013,132],{"class":83},[69,66015,36833],{"class":146},[69,66017,537],{"class":83},[69,66019,36535],{"class":146},[69,66021,132],{"class":83},[69,66023,871],{"class":699},[69,66025,5465],{"class":703},[69,66027,871],{"class":699},[69,66029,91],{"class":83},[69,66031,1263],{"class":87},[69,66033,91],{"class":83},[69,66035,104],{"class":87},[69,66037,186],{"class":83},[69,66039,66040],{"class":189},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,66042,321],{},[60,66044,66046],{"className":62,"code":66045,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,66047,66048,66052,66056],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66049,66050],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66051,47389],{"class":87},[69,66053,66054],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,66055,47089],{"class":87},[69,66057,66058],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,66059,47389],{"class":87},[20,66061,66062],{},"How this works:",[29,66064,66065,66077,66090],{},[32,66066,66067,66070,66071,66074,66075],{},[15,66068,66069],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,66072,66073],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,66076,88],{},[32,66078,66079,66082,66083,66085,66086,66074,66088],{},[15,66080,66081],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,66084,1155],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,66087,66073],{},[15,66089,346],{},[32,66091,66092,66095,66096,2920,66098,2574,66100],{},[15,66093,66094],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,66097,88],{},[15,66099,1155],{},[15,66101,346],{},[20,66103,66104],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[55,66106,66108],{"id":66107},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,66110,66111,66112,537],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,66113,41173],{},[20,66115,234],{},[60,66117,66119],{"className":62,"code":66118,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,66120,66121,66153],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66122,66123,66125,66127,66129,66131,66133,66135,66137,66139,66141,66143,66145,66147,66149,66151],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66124,1252],{"class":75},[69,66126,80],{"class":79},[69,66128,84],{"class":83},[69,66130,871],{"class":699},[69,66132,874],{"class":703},[69,66134,871],{"class":699},[69,66136,91],{"class":83},[69,66138,881],{"class":699},[69,66140,893],{"class":703},[69,66142,871],{"class":699},[69,66144,91],{"class":83},[69,66146,881],{"class":699},[69,66148,4800],{"class":703},[69,66150,871],{"class":699},[69,66152,117],{"class":83},[69,66154,66155,66157,66159,66161,66163,66165,66167,66169,66171,66173],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,66156,172],{"class":128},[69,66158,132],{"class":83},[69,66160,8497],{"class":146},[69,66162,537],{"class":83},[69,66164,36535],{"class":146},[69,66166,132],{"class":83},[69,66168,871],{"class":699},[69,66170,33911],{"class":703},[69,66172,871],{"class":699},[69,66174,318],{"class":83},[20,66176,2247,66177,66180],{},[15,66178,66179],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,66182,66183],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[60,66185,66187],{"className":62,"code":66186,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,66188,66189,66221,66234,66238,66251,66270,66276],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66190,66191,66193,66195,66197,66199,66201,66203,66205,66207,66209,66211,66213,66215,66217,66219],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66192,1252],{"class":75},[69,66194,80],{"class":79},[69,66196,84],{"class":83},[69,66198,871],{"class":699},[69,66200,874],{"class":703},[69,66202,871],{"class":699},[69,66204,91],{"class":83},[69,66206,881],{"class":699},[69,66208,893],{"class":703},[69,66210,871],{"class":699},[69,66212,91],{"class":83},[69,66214,881],{"class":699},[69,66216,4800],{"class":703},[69,66218,871],{"class":699},[69,66220,117],{"class":83},[69,66222,66223,66226,66228,66230,66232],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,66224,66225],{"class":75},"search_value ",[69,66227,80],{"class":79},[69,66229,881],{"class":699},[69,66231,33911],{"class":703},[69,66233,4079],{"class":699},[69,66235,66236],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,66237,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,66239,66240,66242,66245,66247,66249],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,66241,1712],{"class":1053},[69,66243,66244],{"class":75}," search_value ",[69,66246,1574],{"class":79},[69,66248,1319],{"class":75},[69,66250,1579],{"class":83},[69,66252,66253,66255,66257,66259,66261,66263,66265,66268],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,66254,8756],{"class":128},[69,66256,132],{"class":83},[69,66258,8497],{"class":146},[69,66260,537],{"class":83},[69,66262,36535],{"class":146},[69,66264,132],{"class":83},[69,66266,66267],{"class":146},"search_value",[69,66269,318],{"class":83},[69,66271,66272,66274],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,66273,28122],{"class":1053},[69,66275,1579],{"class":83},[69,66277,66278,66280,66282,66284,66287,66289],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,66279,8756],{"class":128},[69,66281,132],{"class":83},[69,66283,871],{"class":699},[69,66285,66286],{"class":703},"Item not found",[69,66288,871],{"class":699},[69,66290,166],{"class":83},[20,66292,321],{},[60,66294,66296],{"className":62,"code":66295,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Item not found\n",[15,66297,66298],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66299,66300,66303,66305],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66301,66302],{"class":75},"Item ",[69,66304,5334],{"class":79},[69,66306,66307],{"class":75}," found\n",[20,66309,66310],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,66312,66313,66314,537],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[533,66315,66317],{"href":66316},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[55,66319,5222],{"id":5221},[20,66321,21902,66322,143],{},[15,66323,65343],{},[29,66325,66326,66344,66356,66416],{},[32,66327,26462,66328,1172,66330,66333,66334,66336,66337,5862,66339,66341,66342,537],{},[15,66329,59444],{},[15,66331,66332],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10532,66335],{},"\nPython does ",[42,66338,5334],{},[15,66340,66332],{},". It raises ",[15,66343,41173],{},[32,66345,66346,66347,66349,66352,66353,66355],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10532,66348],{},[15,66350,66351],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,66354,65752],{},", not the value itself.",[32,66357,840,66358,11780,66361,66363,66365,66366,2253,66368,66391,2235,66393],{},[15,66359,66360],{},"index[]",[15,66362,59444],{},[10532,66364],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10532,66367],{},[60,66369,66371],{"className":62,"code":66370,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,66372,66373],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66374,66375,66377,66379,66381,66383,66385,66387,66389],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66376,8497],{"class":75},[69,66378,537],{"class":83},[69,66380,36535],{"class":146},[69,66382,132],{"class":83},[69,66384,871],{"class":699},[69,66386,893],{"class":703},[69,66388,871],{"class":699},[69,66390,166],{"class":83},[10532,66392],{},[60,66394,66396],{"className":62,"code":66395,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,66397,66398],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66399,66400,66402,66404,66406,66408,66410,66412,66414],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66401,8497],{"class":75},[69,66403,537],{"class":83},[69,66405,36535],{"class":25438},[69,66407,331],{"class":83},[69,66409,871],{"class":699},[69,66411,893],{"class":703},[69,66413,871],{"class":699},[69,66415,117],{"class":83},[32,66417,66418,66419,66421,5096,66424,66426,66427],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10532,66420],{},[15,66422,66423],{},"\"3\"",[15,66425,346],{}," are different values in Python.",[60,66428,66430],{"className":62,"code":66429,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66431,66432,66452],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66433,66434,66436,66438,66440,66442,66444,66446,66448,66450],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66435,76],{"class":75},[69,66437,80],{"class":79},[69,66439,84],{"class":83},[69,66441,88],{"class":87},[69,66443,91],{"class":83},[69,66445,94],{"class":87},[69,66447,91],{"class":83},[69,66449,99],{"class":87},[69,66451,117],{"class":83},[69,66453,66454,66456,66458,66460,66462,66464,66466,66468,66470],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,66455,172],{"class":128},[69,66457,132],{"class":83},[69,66459,871],{"class":699},[69,66461,346],{"class":703},[69,66463,871],{"class":699},[69,66465,21864],{"class":1053},[69,66467,163],{"class":146},[69,66469,938],{"class":83},[69,66471,5476],{"class":189},[20,66473,66474],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[60,66476,66478],{"className":62,"code":66477,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66479,66480,66490,66504,66518],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66481,66482,66484,66486,66488],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66483,172],{"class":128},[69,66485,132],{"class":83},[69,66487,9026],{"class":146},[69,66489,166],{"class":83},[69,66491,66492,66494,66496,66498,66500,66502],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,66493,172],{"class":128},[69,66495,132],{"class":83},[69,66497,641],{"class":177},[69,66499,132],{"class":83},[69,66501,66267],{"class":146},[69,66503,318],{"class":83},[69,66505,66506,66508,66510,66512,66514,66516],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,66507,172],{"class":128},[69,66509,132],{"class":83},[69,66511,66225],{"class":146},[69,66513,1574],{"class":1053},[69,66515,9082],{"class":146},[69,66517,166],{"class":83},[69,66519,66520,66522,66524,66526,66528,66530,66532,66534],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,66521,172],{"class":128},[69,66523,132],{"class":83},[69,66525,9026],{"class":146},[69,66527,537],{"class":83},[69,66529,36535],{"class":146},[69,66531,132],{"class":83},[69,66533,66267],{"class":146},[69,66535,318],{"class":83},[20,66537,66538],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66540,66541],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[29,66543,66544,66547,66554,66560],{},[32,66545,66546],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[32,66548,66549,66550,11780,66552],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66551,66423],{},[15,66553,346],{},[32,66555,66556,66557,66559],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66558,59444],{}," returns only the first one",[32,66561,66562],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[55,66564,1373,66566],{"id":66565},"when-to-use-index",[15,66567,59444],{},[20,66569,1378,66570,11288],{},[15,66571,59444],{},[29,66573,66574,66577,66580],{},[32,66575,66576],{},"You need the position of a known value",[32,66578,66579],{},"You are working with a small list",[32,66581,66582],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66584,66585],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[55,66587,2519],{"id":2518},[377,66589,2561,66591,5846],{"id":66590},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66592,65343],{},[20,66594,66595],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[377,66597,2523,66599,5862,66601,66603],{"id":66598},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66600,65343],{},[15,66602,66332],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66605,66606,66607,7319],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66608,41173],{},[377,66610,5871,66612,66614],{"id":66611},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66613,65343],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66616,66617],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[377,66619,66621,66622,3218],{"id":66620},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66623,59444],{},[20,66625,66626,66627,5096,66629,66631],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66628,36762],{},[15,66630,53135],{}," arguments.",[55,66633,2620],{"id":2619},[29,66635,66636,66640,66644,66648],{},[32,66637,66638],{},[533,66639,59432],{"href":65773},[32,66641,66642],{},[533,66643,53246],{"href":55045},[32,66645,66646],{},[533,66647,66317],{"href":66316},[32,66649,66650],{},[533,66651,55995,66652,11428],{"href":59503},[15,66653,57766],{},[2650,66655,66656],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":66658},[66659,66660,66662,66663,66664,66665,66666,66668,66669,66670,66672,66682],{"id":4326,"depth":120,"text":4327},{"id":65440,"depth":120,"text":66661},"What list.index() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":540,"depth":120,"text":541},{"id":65648,"depth":120,"text":65649},{"id":65777,"depth":120,"text":65778},{"id":65884,"depth":120,"text":66667},"Using start and end",{"id":66107,"depth":120,"text":66108},{"id":5221,"depth":120,"text":5222},{"id":66565,"depth":120,"text":66671},"When to use index()",{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":66673},[66674,66676,66678,66680],{"id":66590,"depth":169,"text":66675},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66598,"depth":169,"text":66677},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66611,"depth":169,"text":66679},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66620,"depth":169,"text":66681},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":65331,"description":66683},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66690,"title":66691,"body":66692,"description":68634,"extension":2697,"meta":68635,"navigation":272,"path":68636,"seo":68637,"stem":68638,"__hash__":68639},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66693,"toc":68594},[66694,66699,66704,66707,66716,66773,66779,66784,66788,66802,66808,66810,66833,66850,66852,66913,66915,66947,66960,66962,66965,67065,67067,67145,67151,67155,67163,67167,67173,67228,67230,67254,67258,67261,67314,67316,67340,67344,67347,67400,67402,67426,67430,67436,67507,67509,67550,67556,67563,67566,67571,67579,67584,67592,67594,67691,67693,67762,67769,67774,67776,67780,67785,67787,67858,67860,67889,67895,67897,67924,67927,67950,67954,67957,67979,67982,68005,68007,68067,68069,68101,68107,68112,68165,68167,68192,68195,68244,68246,68267,68271,68276,68279,68334,68336,68363,68370,68374,68379,68450,68453,68467,68472,68477,68479,68493,68505,68510,68512,68517,68522,68526,68529,68535,68541,68548,68556,68558,68591],[10,66695,54817,66697,12011],{"id":66696},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66698,54743],{},[20,66700,66701,66703],{},[15,66702,54386],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66705,66706],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66708,1378,66709,66711,66712,537],{},[15,66710,54743],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[533,66713,55995,66714,11428],{"href":57244},[15,66715,53127],{},[60,66717,66719],{"className":62,"code":66718,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66720,66721,66741,66759,66769],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66722,66723,66725,66727,66729,66731,66733,66735,66737,66739],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66724,76],{"class":75},[69,66726,80],{"class":79},[69,66728,84],{"class":83},[69,66730,88],{"class":87},[69,66732,91],{"class":83},[69,66734,94],{"class":87},[69,66736,91],{"class":83},[69,66738,104],{"class":87},[69,66740,117],{"class":83},[69,66742,66743,66745,66747,66749,66751,66753,66755,66757],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,66744,4366],{"class":75},[69,66746,537],{"class":83},[69,66748,54426],{"class":146},[69,66750,132],{"class":83},[69,66752,1155],{"class":87},[69,66754,91],{"class":83},[69,66756,99],{"class":87},[69,66758,166],{"class":83},[69,66760,66761,66763,66765,66767],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,66762,172],{"class":128},[69,66764,132],{"class":83},[69,66766,4366],{"class":146},[69,66768,166],{"class":83},[69,66770,66771],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,66772,53198],{"class":189},[20,66774,1378,66775,66778],{},[15,66776,66777],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[55,66780,202,66782,205],{"id":66781},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66783,54386],{},[20,66785,66786,143],{},[15,66787,54386],{},[29,66789,66790,66793,66796,66798],{},[32,66791,66792],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[32,66794,66795],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[32,66797,54903],{},[32,66799,12113,66800],{},[15,66801,1181],{},[20,66803,66804,66805,66807],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66806,54743],{}," does not create a new list.",[55,66809,6131],{"id":6130},[60,66811,66813],{"className":62,"code":66812,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66814,66815],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66816,66817,66819,66821,66823,66825,66827,66829,66831],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66818,9026],{"class":75},[69,66820,537],{"class":83},[69,66822,54426],{"class":146},[69,66824,132],{"class":83},[69,66826,36535],{"class":146},[69,66828,91],{"class":83},[69,66830,30195],{"class":146},[69,66832,166],{"class":83},[29,66834,66835,66840,66845],{},[32,66836,66837,66839],{},[15,66838,36535],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[32,66841,66842,66844],{},[15,66843,23999],{}," is the value to add",[32,66846,66847,66848],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66849,1226],{},[20,66851,234],{},[60,66853,66855],{"className":62,"code":66854,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66856,66857,66881,66903],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66858,66859,66861,66863,66865,66867,66869,66871,66873,66875,66877,66879],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66860,36780],{"class":75},[69,66862,80],{"class":79},[69,66864,84],{"class":83},[69,66866,871],{"class":699},[69,66868,533],{"class":703},[69,66870,871],{"class":699},[69,66872,91],{"class":83},[69,66874,881],{"class":699},[69,66876,10425],{"class":703},[69,66878,871],{"class":699},[69,66880,117],{"class":83},[69,66882,66883,66885,66887,66889,66891,66893,66895,66897,66899,66901],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,66884,36833],{"class":75},[69,66886,537],{"class":83},[69,66888,54426],{"class":146},[69,66890,132],{"class":83},[69,66892,88],{"class":87},[69,66894,91],{"class":83},[69,66896,881],{"class":699},[69,66898,5465],{"class":703},[69,66900,871],{"class":699},[69,66902,166],{"class":83},[69,66904,66905,66907,66909,66911],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,66906,172],{"class":128},[69,66908,132],{"class":83},[69,66910,36833],{"class":146},[69,66912,166],{"class":83},[20,66914,321],{},[60,66916,66917],{"className":62,"code":43346,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,66918,66919],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66920,66921,66923,66925,66927,66929,66931,66933,66935,66937,66939,66941,66943,66945],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66922,331],{"class":83},[69,66924,706],{"class":699},[69,66926,533],{"class":703},[69,66928,706],{"class":699},[69,66930,91],{"class":83},[69,66932,700],{"class":699},[69,66934,5465],{"class":703},[69,66936,706],{"class":699},[69,66938,91],{"class":83},[69,66940,700],{"class":699},[69,66942,10425],{"class":703},[69,66944,706],{"class":699},[69,66946,117],{"class":83},[20,66948,1168,66949,66951,66952,66954,66955,5096,66957,537],{},[15,66950,66073],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66953,88],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66956,18786],{},[15,66958,66959],{},"\"c\"",[55,66961,6485],{"id":6484},[20,66963,66964],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[60,66966,66968],{"className":62,"code":66967,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66969,66970,67002,67020,67024,67046],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,66971,66972,66974,66976,66978,66980,66982,66984,66986,66988,66990,66992,66994,66996,66998,67000],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,66973,13768],{"class":75},[69,66975,80],{"class":79},[69,66977,84],{"class":83},[69,66979,871],{"class":699},[69,66981,13785],{"class":703},[69,66983,871],{"class":699},[69,66985,91],{"class":83},[69,66987,881],{"class":699},[69,66989,13802],{"class":703},[69,66991,871],{"class":699},[69,66993,91],{"class":83},[69,66995,881],{"class":699},[69,66997,18145],{"class":703},[69,66999,871],{"class":699},[69,67001,117],{"class":83},[69,67003,67004,67006,67008,67010,67012,67014,67016,67018],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,67005,172],{"class":128},[69,67007,132],{"class":83},[69,67009,871],{"class":699},[69,67011,12254],{"class":703},[69,67013,871],{"class":699},[69,67015,91],{"class":83},[69,67017,13816],{"class":146},[69,67019,166],{"class":83},[69,67021,67022],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,67023,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,67025,67026,67028,67030,67032,67034,67036,67038,67040,67042,67044],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,67027,18192],{"class":75},[69,67029,537],{"class":83},[69,67031,54426],{"class":146},[69,67033,132],{"class":83},[69,67035,88],{"class":87},[69,67037,91],{"class":83},[69,67039,881],{"class":699},[69,67041,23213],{"class":703},[69,67043,871],{"class":699},[69,67045,166],{"class":83},[69,67047,67048,67050,67052,67054,67057,67059,67061,67063],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,67049,172],{"class":128},[69,67051,132],{"class":83},[69,67053,871],{"class":699},[69,67055,67056],{"class":703},"After: ",[69,67058,871],{"class":699},[69,67060,91],{"class":83},[69,67062,13816],{"class":146},[69,67064,166],{"class":83},[20,67066,321],{},[60,67068,67070],{"className":62,"code":67069,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,67071,67072,67104],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67073,67074,67076,67078,67080,67082,67084,67086,67088,67090,67092,67094,67096,67098,67100,67102],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67075,12314],{"class":75},[69,67077,143],{"class":83},[69,67079,84],{"class":83},[69,67081,706],{"class":699},[69,67083,13785],{"class":703},[69,67085,706],{"class":699},[69,67087,91],{"class":83},[69,67089,700],{"class":699},[69,67091,13802],{"class":703},[69,67093,706],{"class":699},[69,67095,91],{"class":83},[69,67097,700],{"class":699},[69,67099,18145],{"class":703},[69,67101,706],{"class":699},[69,67103,117],{"class":83},[69,67105,67106,67108,67110,67113,67115,67117,67119,67121,67123,67125,67127,67129,67131,67133,67135,67137,67139,67141,67143],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,67107,12367],{"class":75},[69,67109,143],{"class":83},[69,67111,67112],{"class":83},"  [",[69,67114,706],{"class":699},[69,67116,13785],{"class":703},[69,67118,706],{"class":699},[69,67120,91],{"class":83},[69,67122,700],{"class":699},[69,67124,23213],{"class":703},[69,67126,706],{"class":699},[69,67128,91],{"class":83},[69,67130,700],{"class":699},[69,67132,13802],{"class":703},[69,67134,706],{"class":699},[69,67136,91],{"class":83},[69,67138,700],{"class":699},[69,67140,18145],{"class":703},[69,67142,706],{"class":699},[69,67144,117],{"class":83},[20,67146,67147,67148,67150],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,67149,88],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[55,67152,67154],{"id":67153},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,67156,2714,67157,36018,67159,67162],{},[15,67158,36535],{},[15,67160,67161],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[377,67164,67166],{"id":67165},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,67168,67169,67170,67172],{},"Use index ",[15,67171,1226],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[60,67174,67176],{"className":62,"code":67175,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67177,67178,67199,67218],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67179,67180,67183,67185,67187,67189,67191,67193,67195,67197],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67181,67182],{"class":75},"nums ",[69,67184,80],{"class":79},[69,67186,84],{"class":83},[69,67188,1155],{"class":87},[69,67190,91],{"class":83},[69,67192,99],{"class":87},[69,67194,91],{"class":83},[69,67196,104],{"class":87},[69,67198,117],{"class":83},[69,67200,67201,67204,67206,67208,67210,67212,67214,67216],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,67202,67203],{"class":75},"nums",[69,67205,537],{"class":83},[69,67207,54426],{"class":146},[69,67209,132],{"class":83},[69,67211,1226],{"class":87},[69,67213,91],{"class":83},[69,67215,1263],{"class":87},[69,67217,166],{"class":83},[69,67219,67220,67222,67224,67226],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,67221,172],{"class":128},[69,67223,132],{"class":83},[69,67225,67203],{"class":146},[69,67227,166],{"class":83},[20,67229,321],{},[60,67231,67232],{"className":62,"code":53980,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,67233,67234],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67235,67236,67238,67240,67242,67244,67246,67248,67250,67252],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67237,331],{"class":83},[69,67239,88],{"class":87},[69,67241,91],{"class":83},[69,67243,94],{"class":87},[69,67245,91],{"class":83},[69,67247,99],{"class":87},[69,67249,91],{"class":83},[69,67251,104],{"class":87},[69,67253,117],{"class":83},[377,67255,67257],{"id":67256},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,67259,67260],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[60,67262,67264],{"className":62,"code":67263,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67265,67266,67286,67304],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67267,67268,67270,67272,67274,67276,67278,67280,67282,67284],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67269,67182],{"class":75},[69,67271,80],{"class":79},[69,67273,84],{"class":83},[69,67275,88],{"class":87},[69,67277,91],{"class":83},[69,67279,94],{"class":87},[69,67281,91],{"class":83},[69,67283,104],{"class":87},[69,67285,117],{"class":83},[69,67287,67288,67290,67292,67294,67296,67298,67300,67302],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,67289,67203],{"class":75},[69,67291,537],{"class":83},[69,67293,54426],{"class":146},[69,67295,132],{"class":83},[69,67297,1155],{"class":87},[69,67299,91],{"class":83},[69,67301,99],{"class":87},[69,67303,166],{"class":83},[69,67305,67306,67308,67310,67312],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,67307,172],{"class":128},[69,67309,132],{"class":83},[69,67311,67203],{"class":146},[69,67313,166],{"class":83},[20,67315,321],{},[60,67317,67318],{"className":62,"code":53980,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,67319,67320],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67321,67322,67324,67326,67328,67330,67332,67334,67336,67338],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67323,331],{"class":83},[69,67325,88],{"class":87},[69,67327,91],{"class":83},[69,67329,94],{"class":87},[69,67331,91],{"class":83},[69,67333,99],{"class":87},[69,67335,91],{"class":83},[69,67337,104],{"class":87},[69,67339,117],{"class":83},[377,67341,67343],{"id":67342},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,67345,67346],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[60,67348,67350],{"className":62,"code":67349,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67351,67352,67372,67390],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67353,67354,67356,67358,67360,67362,67364,67366,67368,67370],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67355,67182],{"class":75},[69,67357,80],{"class":79},[69,67359,84],{"class":83},[69,67361,88],{"class":87},[69,67363,91],{"class":83},[69,67365,94],{"class":87},[69,67367,91],{"class":83},[69,67369,99],{"class":87},[69,67371,117],{"class":83},[69,67373,67374,67376,67378,67380,67382,67384,67386,67388],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,67375,67203],{"class":75},[69,67377,537],{"class":83},[69,67379,54426],{"class":146},[69,67381,132],{"class":83},[69,67383,444],{"class":87},[69,67385,91],{"class":83},[69,67387,104],{"class":87},[69,67389,166],{"class":83},[69,67391,67392,67394,67396,67398],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,67393,172],{"class":128},[69,67395,132],{"class":83},[69,67397,67203],{"class":146},[69,67399,166],{"class":83},[20,67401,321],{},[60,67403,67404],{"className":62,"code":53980,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,67405,67406],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67407,67408,67410,67412,67414,67416,67418,67420,67422,67424],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67409,331],{"class":83},[69,67411,88],{"class":87},[69,67413,91],{"class":83},[69,67415,94],{"class":87},[69,67417,91],{"class":83},[69,67419,99],{"class":87},[69,67421,91],{"class":83},[69,67423,104],{"class":87},[69,67425,117],{"class":83},[377,67427,67429],{"id":67428},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,67431,67432,67433,67435],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,67434,54743],{}," places the item before that position.",[60,67437,67439],{"className":62,"code":67438,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67440,67441,67473,67497],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67442,67443,67445,67447,67449,67451,67453,67455,67457,67459,67461,67463,67465,67467,67469,67471],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67444,36780],{"class":75},[69,67446,80],{"class":79},[69,67448,84],{"class":83},[69,67450,871],{"class":699},[69,67452,533],{"class":703},[69,67454,871],{"class":699},[69,67456,91],{"class":83},[69,67458,881],{"class":699},[69,67460,5465],{"class":703},[69,67462,871],{"class":699},[69,67464,91],{"class":83},[69,67466,881],{"class":699},[69,67468,19458],{"class":703},[69,67470,871],{"class":699},[69,67472,117],{"class":83},[69,67474,67475,67477,67479,67481,67483,67485,67487,67489,67491,67493,67495],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,67476,36833],{"class":75},[69,67478,537],{"class":83},[69,67480,54426],{"class":146},[69,67482,132],{"class":83},[69,67484,1972],{"class":79},[69,67486,88],{"class":87},[69,67488,91],{"class":83},[69,67490,881],{"class":699},[69,67492,10425],{"class":703},[69,67494,871],{"class":699},[69,67496,166],{"class":83},[69,67498,67499,67501,67503,67505],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,67500,172],{"class":128},[69,67502,132],{"class":83},[69,67504,36833],{"class":146},[69,67506,166],{"class":83},[20,67508,321],{},[60,67510,67512],{"className":62,"code":67511,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67513,67514],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67515,67516,67518,67520,67522,67524,67526,67528,67530,67532,67534,67536,67538,67540,67542,67544,67546,67548],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67517,331],{"class":83},[69,67519,706],{"class":699},[69,67521,533],{"class":703},[69,67523,706],{"class":699},[69,67525,91],{"class":83},[69,67527,700],{"class":699},[69,67529,5465],{"class":703},[69,67531,706],{"class":699},[69,67533,91],{"class":83},[69,67535,700],{"class":699},[69,67537,10425],{"class":703},[69,67539,706],{"class":699},[69,67541,91],{"class":83},[69,67543,700],{"class":699},[69,67545,19458],{"class":703},[69,67547,706],{"class":699},[69,67549,117],{"class":83},[20,67551,67552,67553,3031],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[533,67554,67555],{"href":51453},"Python lists beginner guide",[55,67557,67559,11272,67561],{"id":67558},"insert-vs-append",[15,67560,54743],{},[15,67562,53127],{},[20,67564,67565],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[377,67567,1378,67569,11288],{"id":67568},"use-insert-when",[15,67570,54743],{},[29,67572,67573,67576],{},[32,67574,67575],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[32,67577,67578],{},"The order of the list matters",[377,67580,1378,67582,11288],{"id":67581},"use-append-when",[15,67583,53127],{},[29,67585,67586,67589],{},[32,67587,67588],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[32,67590,67591],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67593,234],{},[60,67595,67597],{"className":62,"code":67596,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67598,67599,67623,67627,67649,67659,67663,67681],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67600,67601,67603,67605,67607,67609,67611,67613,67615,67617,67619,67621],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67602,1252],{"class":75},[69,67604,80],{"class":79},[69,67606,84],{"class":83},[69,67608,871],{"class":699},[69,67610,874],{"class":703},[69,67612,871],{"class":699},[69,67614,91],{"class":83},[69,67616,881],{"class":699},[69,67618,33911],{"class":703},[69,67620,871],{"class":699},[69,67622,117],{"class":83},[69,67624,67625],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,67626,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,67628,67629,67631,67633,67635,67637,67639,67641,67643,67645,67647],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,67630,8497],{"class":75},[69,67632,537],{"class":83},[69,67634,54426],{"class":146},[69,67636,132],{"class":83},[69,67638,88],{"class":87},[69,67640,91],{"class":83},[69,67642,881],{"class":699},[69,67644,893],{"class":703},[69,67646,871],{"class":699},[69,67648,166],{"class":83},[69,67650,67651,67653,67655,67657],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,67652,172],{"class":128},[69,67654,132],{"class":83},[69,67656,8497],{"class":146},[69,67658,166],{"class":83},[69,67660,67661],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,67662,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,67664,67665,67667,67669,67671,67673,67675,67677,67679],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,67666,8497],{"class":75},[69,67668,537],{"class":83},[69,67670,1606],{"class":146},[69,67672,132],{"class":83},[69,67674,871],{"class":699},[69,67676,23222],{"class":703},[69,67678,871],{"class":699},[69,67680,166],{"class":83},[69,67682,67683,67685,67687,67689],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,67684,172],{"class":128},[69,67686,132],{"class":83},[69,67688,8497],{"class":146},[69,67690,166],{"class":83},[20,67692,321],{},[60,67694,67696],{"className":62,"code":67695,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67697,67698,67726],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67699,67700,67702,67704,67706,67708,67710,67712,67714,67716,67718,67720,67722,67724],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67701,331],{"class":83},[69,67703,706],{"class":699},[69,67705,874],{"class":703},[69,67707,706],{"class":699},[69,67709,91],{"class":83},[69,67711,700],{"class":699},[69,67713,893],{"class":703},[69,67715,706],{"class":699},[69,67717,91],{"class":83},[69,67719,700],{"class":699},[69,67721,33911],{"class":703},[69,67723,706],{"class":699},[69,67725,117],{"class":83},[69,67727,67728,67730,67732,67734,67736,67738,67740,67742,67744,67746,67748,67750,67752,67754,67756,67758,67760],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,67729,331],{"class":83},[69,67731,706],{"class":699},[69,67733,874],{"class":703},[69,67735,706],{"class":699},[69,67737,91],{"class":83},[69,67739,700],{"class":699},[69,67741,893],{"class":703},[69,67743,706],{"class":699},[69,67745,91],{"class":83},[69,67747,700],{"class":699},[69,67749,33911],{"class":703},[69,67751,706],{"class":699},[69,67753,91],{"class":83},[69,67755,700],{"class":699},[69,67757,23222],{"class":703},[69,67759,706],{"class":699},[69,67761,117],{"class":83},[20,67763,67764,67765,537],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[533,67766,55995,67767,11428],{"href":57244},[15,67768,53127],{},[20,67770,67771,67772,537],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[533,67773,53524],{"href":53523},[55,67775,5222],{"id":5221},[20,67777,1774,67778,537],{},[15,67779,54743],{},[377,67781,13286,67783],{"id":67782},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67784,54743],{},[20,67786,26378],{},[60,67788,67790],{"className":62,"code":67789,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67791,67792,67812,67834,67838,67848],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67793,67794,67796,67798,67800,67802,67804,67806,67808,67810],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67795,76],{"class":75},[69,67797,80],{"class":79},[69,67799,84],{"class":83},[69,67801,88],{"class":87},[69,67803,91],{"class":83},[69,67805,94],{"class":87},[69,67807,91],{"class":83},[69,67809,99],{"class":87},[69,67811,117],{"class":83},[69,67813,67814,67816,67818,67820,67822,67824,67826,67828,67830,67832],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,67815,123],{"class":75},[69,67817,80],{"class":79},[69,67819,163],{"class":75},[69,67821,537],{"class":83},[69,67823,54426],{"class":146},[69,67825,132],{"class":83},[69,67827,88],{"class":87},[69,67829,91],{"class":83},[69,67831,10883],{"class":87},[69,67833,166],{"class":83},[69,67835,67836],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,67837,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,67839,67840,67842,67844,67846],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,67841,172],{"class":128},[69,67843,132],{"class":83},[69,67845,183],{"class":146},[69,67847,166],{"class":83},[69,67849,67850,67852,67854,67856],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,67851,172],{"class":128},[69,67853,132],{"class":83},[69,67855,4366],{"class":146},[69,67857,166],{"class":83},[20,67859,321],{},[60,67861,67863],{"className":62,"code":67862,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67864,67865,67869],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67866,67867],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67868,12499],{"class":1203},[69,67870,67871,67873,67875,67877,67879,67881,67883,67885,67887],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,67872,331],{"class":83},[69,67874,88],{"class":87},[69,67876,91],{"class":83},[69,67878,10883],{"class":87},[69,67880,91],{"class":83},[69,67882,94],{"class":87},[69,67884,91],{"class":83},[69,67886,99],{"class":87},[69,67888,117],{"class":83},[20,67890,67891,54628,67893,537],{},[15,67892,54743],{},[15,67894,1181],{},[20,67896,2235],{},[60,67898,67900],{"className":62,"code":67899,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67901,67902],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67903,67904,67906,67908,67910,67912,67914,67916,67918,67920,67922],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67905,56365],{"class":75},[69,67907,80],{"class":79},[69,67909,163],{"class":75},[69,67911,537],{"class":83},[69,67913,54426],{"class":146},[69,67915,132],{"class":83},[69,67917,88],{"class":87},[69,67919,91],{"class":83},[69,67921,10883],{"class":87},[69,67923,166],{"class":83},[20,67925,67926],{},"Right:",[60,67928,67930],{"className":62,"code":67929,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67931,67932],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67933,67934,67936,67938,67940,67942,67944,67946,67948],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67935,4366],{"class":75},[69,67937,537],{"class":83},[69,67939,54426],{"class":146},[69,67941,132],{"class":83},[69,67943,88],{"class":87},[69,67945,91],{"class":83},[69,67947,10883],{"class":87},[69,67949,166],{"class":83},[377,67951,67953],{"id":67952},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67955,67956],{},"The correct order is:",[60,67958,67959],{"className":62,"code":66812,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,67960,67961],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67962,67963,67965,67967,67969,67971,67973,67975,67977],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67964,9026],{"class":75},[69,67966,537],{"class":83},[69,67968,54426],{"class":146},[69,67970,132],{"class":83},[69,67972,36535],{"class":146},[69,67974,91],{"class":83},[69,67976,30195],{"class":146},[69,67978,166],{"class":83},[20,67980,67981],{},"Not:",[60,67983,67985],{"className":62,"code":67984,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67986,67987],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,67988,67989,67991,67993,67995,67997,67999,68001,68003],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,67990,9026],{"class":75},[69,67992,537],{"class":83},[69,67994,54426],{"class":146},[69,67996,132],{"class":83},[69,67998,23999],{"class":146},[69,68000,91],{"class":83},[69,68002,36510],{"class":146},[69,68004,166],{"class":83},[20,68006,234],{},[60,68008,68009],{"className":62,"code":66854,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,68010,68011,68035,68057],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68012,68013,68015,68017,68019,68021,68023,68025,68027,68029,68031,68033],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68014,36780],{"class":75},[69,68016,80],{"class":79},[69,68018,84],{"class":83},[69,68020,871],{"class":699},[69,68022,533],{"class":703},[69,68024,871],{"class":699},[69,68026,91],{"class":83},[69,68028,881],{"class":699},[69,68030,10425],{"class":703},[69,68032,871],{"class":699},[69,68034,117],{"class":83},[69,68036,68037,68039,68041,68043,68045,68047,68049,68051,68053,68055],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,68038,36833],{"class":75},[69,68040,537],{"class":83},[69,68042,54426],{"class":146},[69,68044,132],{"class":83},[69,68046,88],{"class":87},[69,68048,91],{"class":83},[69,68050,881],{"class":699},[69,68052,5465],{"class":703},[69,68054,871],{"class":699},[69,68056,166],{"class":83},[69,68058,68059,68061,68063,68065],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,68060,172],{"class":128},[69,68062,132],{"class":83},[69,68064,36833],{"class":146},[69,68066,166],{"class":83},[20,68068,321],{},[60,68070,68071],{"className":62,"code":43346,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,68072,68073],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68074,68075,68077,68079,68081,68083,68085,68087,68089,68091,68093,68095,68097,68099],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68076,331],{"class":83},[69,68078,706],{"class":699},[69,68080,533],{"class":703},[69,68082,706],{"class":699},[69,68084,91],{"class":83},[69,68086,700],{"class":699},[69,68088,5465],{"class":703},[69,68090,706],{"class":699},[69,68092,91],{"class":83},[69,68094,700],{"class":699},[69,68096,10425],{"class":703},[69,68098,706],{"class":699},[69,68100,117],{"class":83},[377,68102,1780,68104,68106],{"id":68103},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,68105,54743],{}," to replace an item",[20,68108,68109,68111],{},[15,68110,54743],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[60,68113,68115],{"className":62,"code":68114,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68116,68117,68137,68155],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68118,68119,68121,68123,68125,68127,68129,68131,68133,68135],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68120,76],{"class":75},[69,68122,80],{"class":79},[69,68124,84],{"class":83},[69,68126,88],{"class":87},[69,68128,91],{"class":83},[69,68130,94],{"class":87},[69,68132,91],{"class":83},[69,68134,99],{"class":87},[69,68136,117],{"class":83},[69,68138,68139,68141,68143,68145,68147,68149,68151,68153],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,68140,4366],{"class":75},[69,68142,537],{"class":83},[69,68144,54426],{"class":146},[69,68146,132],{"class":83},[69,68148,88],{"class":87},[69,68150,91],{"class":83},[69,68152,10883],{"class":87},[69,68154,166],{"class":83},[69,68156,68157,68159,68161,68163],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,68158,172],{"class":128},[69,68160,132],{"class":83},[69,68162,4366],{"class":146},[69,68164,166],{"class":83},[20,68166,321],{},[60,68168,68170],{"className":62,"code":68169,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,68171,68172],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68173,68174,68176,68178,68180,68182,68184,68186,68188,68190],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68175,331],{"class":83},[69,68177,88],{"class":87},[69,68179,91],{"class":83},[69,68181,10883],{"class":87},[69,68183,91],{"class":83},[69,68185,94],{"class":87},[69,68187,91],{"class":83},[69,68189,99],{"class":87},[69,68191,117],{"class":83},[20,68193,68194],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[60,68196,68198],{"className":62,"code":68197,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68199,68200,68220,68234],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68201,68202,68204,68206,68208,68210,68212,68214,68216,68218],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68203,76],{"class":75},[69,68205,80],{"class":79},[69,68207,84],{"class":83},[69,68209,88],{"class":87},[69,68211,91],{"class":83},[69,68213,94],{"class":87},[69,68215,91],{"class":83},[69,68217,99],{"class":87},[69,68219,117],{"class":83},[69,68221,68222,68224,68226,68228,68230,68232],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,68223,4366],{"class":75},[69,68225,331],{"class":83},[69,68227,88],{"class":87},[69,68229,13966],{"class":83},[69,68231,13969],{"class":79},[69,68233,14823],{"class":87},[69,68235,68236,68238,68240,68242],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,68237,172],{"class":128},[69,68239,132],{"class":83},[69,68241,4366],{"class":146},[69,68243,166],{"class":83},[20,68245,321],{},[60,68247,68249],{"className":62,"code":68248,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,68250,68251],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68252,68253,68255,68257,68259,68261,68263,68265],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68254,331],{"class":83},[69,68256,88],{"class":87},[69,68258,91],{"class":83},[69,68260,10883],{"class":87},[69,68262,91],{"class":83},[69,68264,99],{"class":87},[69,68266,117],{"class":83},[377,68268,68270],{"id":68269},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,68272,68273,68275],{},[15,68274,54743],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,68277,68278],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[60,68280,68282],{"className":62,"code":68281,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68283,68284,68300,68324],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68285,68286,68288,68290,68292,68294,68296,68298],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68287,76],{"class":75},[69,68289,80],{"class":79},[69,68291,84],{"class":83},[69,68293,88],{"class":87},[69,68295,91],{"class":83},[69,68297,104],{"class":87},[69,68299,117],{"class":83},[69,68301,68302,68304,68306,68308,68310,68312,68314,68316,68318,68320,68322],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,68303,4366],{"class":75},[69,68305,537],{"class":83},[69,68307,54426],{"class":146},[69,68309,132],{"class":83},[69,68311,88],{"class":87},[69,68313,91],{"class":83},[69,68315,84],{"class":83},[69,68317,1155],{"class":87},[69,68319,91],{"class":83},[69,68321,99],{"class":87},[69,68323,618],{"class":83},[69,68325,68326,68328,68330,68332],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,68327,172],{"class":128},[69,68329,132],{"class":83},[69,68331,4366],{"class":146},[69,68333,166],{"class":83},[20,68335,321],{},[60,68337,68339],{"className":62,"code":68338,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,68340,68341],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68342,68343,68345,68347,68349,68351,68353,68355,68357,68359,68361],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68344,331],{"class":83},[69,68346,88],{"class":87},[69,68348,91],{"class":83},[69,68350,84],{"class":83},[69,68352,1155],{"class":87},[69,68354,91],{"class":83},[69,68356,99],{"class":87},[69,68358,18752],{"class":83},[69,68360,104],{"class":87},[69,68362,117],{"class":83},[20,68364,68365,68366,537],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[533,68367,55995,68368,11428],{"href":53819},[15,68369,53921],{},[377,68371,68373],{"id":68372},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,68375,9561,68376,68378],{},[15,68377,54743],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[60,68380,68382],{"className":62,"code":68381,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,68383,68384,68394,68408,68426,68440],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68385,68386,68388,68390,68392],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68387,172],{"class":128},[69,68389,132],{"class":83},[69,68391,9026],{"class":146},[69,68393,166],{"class":83},[69,68395,68396,68398,68400,68402,68404,68406],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,68397,172],{"class":128},[69,68399,132],{"class":83},[69,68401,11850],{"class":128},[69,68403,132],{"class":83},[69,68405,9026],{"class":146},[69,68407,318],{"class":83},[69,68409,68410,68412,68414,68416,68418,68420,68422,68424],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,68411,172],{"class":128},[69,68413,132],{"class":83},[69,68415,9026],{"class":146},[69,68417,537],{"class":83},[69,68419,54426],{"class":25438},[69,68421,537],{"class":83},[69,68423,35137],{"class":685},[69,68425,166],{"class":83},[69,68427,68428,68430,68432,68434,68436,68438],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,68429,32842],{"class":128},[69,68431,132],{"class":83},[69,68433,178],{"class":177},[69,68435,537],{"class":83},[69,68437,54426],{"class":25438},[69,68439,166],{"class":83},[69,68441,68442,68444,68446,68448],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,68443,641],{"class":177},[69,68445,132],{"class":83},[69,68447,9026],{"class":146},[69,68449,166],{"class":83},[20,68451,68452],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[29,68454,68455,68458,68461,68464],{},[32,68456,68457],{},"What is currently in the list",[32,68459,68460],{},"How long the list is",[32,68462,68463],{},"That you are working with a real list",[32,68465,68466],{},"How Python describes the method",[55,68468,1373,68470],{"id":68469},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68471,54743],{},[20,68473,1378,68474,68476],{},[15,68475,54743],{}," when position matters.",[20,68478,37116],{},[29,68480,68481,68484,68487,68490],{},[32,68482,68483],{},"Ordered menus",[32,68485,68486],{},"Rankings or score lists",[32,68488,68489],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[32,68491,68492],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68494,68495,68496,68498,68499,68501,68502,68504],{},"You usually do ",[42,68497,5334],{}," need ",[15,68500,54743],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68503,53127],{}," is simpler.",[20,68506,68507,68508,537],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[533,68509,57630],{"href":57629},[55,68511,2519],{"id":2518},[377,68513,2523,68515,55944],{"id":68514},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68516,54386],{},[20,68518,68519,68520,537],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68521,1181],{},[377,68523,68525],{"id":68524},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,68527,68528],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[377,68530,5871,68532,68534],{"id":68531},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68533,54386],{}," add multiple items?",[20,68536,68537,68538,68540],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68539,53921],{}," or slicing.",[377,68542,5881,68544,5096,68546,3218],{"id":68543},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68545,54743],{},[15,68547,53127],{},[20,68549,68550,68552,68553,68555],{},[15,68551,54743],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68554,53127],{}," adds only at the end.",[55,68557,2620],{"id":2619},[29,68559,68560,68566,68572,68576,68580,68584],{},[32,68561,68562],{},[533,68563,55995,68564,11428],{"href":57244},[15,68565,53127],{},[32,68567,68568],{},[533,68569,55995,68570,11428],{"href":53819},[15,68571,53921],{},[32,68573,68574],{},[533,68575,54753],{"href":53523},[32,68577,68578],{},[533,68579,53246],{"href":51453},[32,68581,68582],{},[533,68583,57704],{"href":57629},[32,68585,68586],{},[533,68587,31036,68588,34324],{"href":54771},[15,68589,68590],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2650,68592,68593],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":68595},[68596,68598,68599,68600,68606,68613,68622,68624,68633],{"id":66781,"depth":120,"text":68597},"What list.insert() does",{"id":6130,"depth":120,"text":6131},{"id":6484,"depth":120,"text":6485},{"id":67153,"depth":120,"text":67154,"children":68601},[68602,68603,68604,68605],{"id":67165,"depth":169,"text":67166},{"id":67256,"depth":169,"text":67257},{"id":67342,"depth":169,"text":67343},{"id":67428,"depth":169,"text":67429},{"id":67558,"depth":120,"text":68607,"children":68608},"insert() vs append()",[68609,68611],{"id":67568,"depth":169,"text":68610},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67581,"depth":169,"text":68612},"Use append() when:",{"id":5221,"depth":120,"text":5222,"children":68614},[68615,68617,68618,68620,68621],{"id":67782,"depth":169,"text":68616},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67952,"depth":169,"text":67953},{"id":68103,"depth":169,"text":68619},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":68269,"depth":169,"text":68270},{"id":68372,"depth":169,"text":68373},{"id":68469,"depth":120,"text":68623},"When to use insert()",{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":68625},[68626,68628,68629,68631],{"id":68514,"depth":169,"text":68627},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68524,"depth":169,"text":68525},{"id":68531,"depth":169,"text":68630},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68543,"depth":169,"text":68632},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66691,"description":68634},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68641,"title":68642,"body":68643,"description":70198,"extension":2697,"meta":70199,"navigation":272,"path":59449,"seo":70200,"stem":70201,"__hash__":70202},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68644,"toc":70171},[68645,68651,68660,68709,68711,68719,68725,68727,68745,68751,68756,68759,68762,68777,68779,68831,68833,68841,68849,68856,68858,68864,68929,68931,68939,68941,68960,68963,69014,69018,69023,69050,69052,69060,69063,69132,69134,69149,69155,69159,69168,69171,69226,69228,69236,69239,69241,69286,69288,69296,69302,69304,69312,69315,69317,69356,69358,69397,69402,69404,69406,69441,69444,69446,69484,69488,69494,69496,69547,69549,69557,69564,69567,69588,69591,69646,69657,69659,69720,69722,69731,69738,69744,69747,69750,69807,69810,69823,69830,69836,69842,69844,69857,69860,69957,69959,69976,69979,70061,70063,70085,70092,70098,70100,70104,70110,70116,70121,70125,70128,70134,70141,70143,70168],[10,68646,68648,68649,938],{"id":68647},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68650,11850],{},[20,68652,68653,68654,68656,68657,68659],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68655,42831],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68658,42831],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[60,68661,68663],{"className":62,"code":68662,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68664,68665,68685,68699],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68666,68667,68669,68671,68673,68675,68677,68679,68681,68683],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68668,76],{"class":75},[69,68670,80],{"class":79},[69,68672,84],{"class":83},[69,68674,444],{"class":87},[69,68676,91],{"class":83},[69,68678,454],{"class":87},[69,68680,91],{"class":83},[69,68682,8482],{"class":87},[69,68684,117],{"class":83},[69,68686,68687,68689,68691,68693,68695,68697],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,68688,41711],{"class":75},[69,68690,80],{"class":79},[69,68692,930],{"class":128},[69,68694,132],{"class":83},[69,68696,4366],{"class":146},[69,68698,166],{"class":83},[69,68700,68701,68703,68705,68707],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,68702,172],{"class":128},[69,68704,132],{"class":83},[69,68706,41729],{"class":146},[69,68708,166],{"class":83},[20,68710,321],{},[60,68712,68713],{"className":62,"code":47089,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,68714,68715],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68716,68717],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68718,47089],{"class":87},[20,68720,1378,68721,68724],{},[15,68722,68723],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[55,68726,15855],{"id":15854},[29,68728,68729,68734,68739,68742],{},[32,68730,4902,68731,68733],{},[15,68732,42831],{}," works with Python lists",[32,68735,68736,68737,12396],{},"What value ",[15,68738,42831],{},[32,68740,68741],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[32,68743,68744],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[55,68746,202,68748,68750],{"id":68747},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68749,42831],{}," returns for a list",[20,68752,68753,65563],{},[15,68754,68755],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68757,68758],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68760,68761],{},"A few important points:",[29,68763,68764,68767,68772],{},[32,68765,68766],{},"It counts list items",[32,68768,41375,68769,68771],{},[42,68770,5334],{}," count characters inside a string item",[32,68773,68774,68775],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68776,1226],{},[20,68778,234],{},[60,68780,68782],{"className":62,"code":68781,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68783,68784,68817],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68785,68786,68788,68790,68792,68794,68796,68798,68800,68802,68805,68807,68809,68811,68813,68815],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68787,864],{"class":75},[69,68789,80],{"class":79},[69,68791,84],{"class":83},[69,68793,871],{"class":699},[69,68795,37738],{"class":703},[69,68797,871],{"class":699},[69,68799,91],{"class":83},[69,68801,881],{"class":699},[69,68803,68804],{"class":703},"elephant",[69,68806,871],{"class":699},[69,68808,91],{"class":83},[69,68810,881],{"class":699},[69,68812,58603],{"class":703},[69,68814,871],{"class":699},[69,68816,117],{"class":83},[69,68818,68819,68821,68823,68825,68827,68829],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,68820,172],{"class":128},[69,68822,132],{"class":83},[69,68824,11850],{"class":128},[69,68826,132],{"class":83},[69,68828,4817],{"class":146},[69,68830,318],{"class":83},[20,68832,321],{},[60,68834,68835],{"className":62,"code":47089,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,68836,68837],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68838,68839],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68840,47089],{"class":87},[20,68842,21668,68843,68846,68847,65570],{},[15,68844,68845],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[42,68848,53131],{},[20,68850,68851,68852,537],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[533,68853,13,68854,2515],{"href":42828},[15,68855,42831],{},[55,68857,6485],{"id":6484},[20,68859,68860,68861,68863],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68862,42831],{},", and print the result.",[60,68865,68867],{"className":62,"code":68866,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68868,68869,68901,68915,68919],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68870,68871,68873,68875,68877,68879,68881,68883,68885,68887,68889,68891,68893,68895,68897,68899],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68872,13768],{"class":75},[69,68874,80],{"class":79},[69,68876,84],{"class":83},[69,68878,871],{"class":699},[69,68880,13785],{"class":703},[69,68882,871],{"class":699},[69,68884,91],{"class":83},[69,68886,881],{"class":699},[69,68888,18145],{"class":703},[69,68890,871],{"class":699},[69,68892,91],{"class":83},[69,68894,881],{"class":699},[69,68896,13802],{"class":703},[69,68898,871],{"class":699},[69,68900,117],{"class":83},[69,68902,68903,68905,68907,68909,68911,68913],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,68904,41711],{"class":75},[69,68906,80],{"class":79},[69,68908,930],{"class":128},[69,68910,132],{"class":83},[69,68912,18192],{"class":146},[69,68914,166],{"class":83},[69,68916,68917],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,68918,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,68920,68921,68923,68925,68927],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,68922,172],{"class":128},[69,68924,132],{"class":83},[69,68926,41729],{"class":146},[69,68928,166],{"class":83},[20,68930,321],{},[60,68932,68933],{"className":62,"code":47089,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,68934,68935],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68936,68937],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68938,47089],{"class":87},[20,68940,12374],{},[29,68942,68943,68948,68955],{},[32,68944,68945,68947],{},[15,68946,18192],{}," is a list with 3 items",[32,68949,68950,1172,68953],{},[15,68951,68952],{},"len(colors)",[15,68954,346],{},[32,68956,68957,68958],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68959,41729],{},[20,68961,68962],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[60,68964,68966],{"className":62,"code":68965,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68967,68968,69000],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,68969,68970,68972,68974,68976,68978,68980,68982,68984,68986,68988,68990,68992,68994,68996,68998],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,68971,13768],{"class":75},[69,68973,80],{"class":79},[69,68975,84],{"class":83},[69,68977,871],{"class":699},[69,68979,13785],{"class":703},[69,68981,871],{"class":699},[69,68983,91],{"class":83},[69,68985,881],{"class":699},[69,68987,18145],{"class":703},[69,68989,871],{"class":699},[69,68991,91],{"class":83},[69,68993,881],{"class":699},[69,68995,13802],{"class":703},[69,68997,871],{"class":699},[69,68999,117],{"class":83},[69,69001,69002,69004,69006,69008,69010,69012],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,69003,172],{"class":128},[69,69005,132],{"class":83},[69,69007,11850],{"class":128},[69,69009,132],{"class":83},[69,69011,18192],{"class":146},[69,69013,318],{"class":83},[55,69015,69017],{"id":69016},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,69019,69020,69021,537],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,69022,1226],{},[60,69024,69026],{"className":62,"code":69025,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,69027,69028,69036],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69029,69030,69032,69034],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69031,1252],{"class":75},[69,69033,80],{"class":79},[69,69035,1561],{"class":83},[69,69037,69038,69040,69042,69044,69046,69048],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,69039,172],{"class":128},[69,69041,132],{"class":83},[69,69043,11850],{"class":128},[69,69045,132],{"class":83},[69,69047,8497],{"class":146},[69,69049,318],{"class":83},[20,69051,321],{},[60,69053,69054],{"className":62,"code":47724,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,69055,69056],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69057,69058],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69059,47724],{"class":87},[20,69061,69062],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[60,69064,69066],{"className":62,"code":69065,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,69067,69068,69076,69080,69098,69112,69118],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69069,69070,69072,69074],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69071,1252],{"class":75},[69,69073,80],{"class":79},[69,69075,1561],{"class":83},[69,69077,69078],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,69079,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,69081,69082,69084,69086,69088,69090,69092,69094,69096],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,69083,1712],{"class":1053},[69,69085,930],{"class":128},[69,69087,132],{"class":83},[69,69089,8497],{"class":146},[69,69091,938],{"class":83},[69,69093,941],{"class":79},[69,69095,158],{"class":87},[69,69097,1579],{"class":83},[69,69099,69100,69102,69104,69106,69108,69110],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,69101,8756],{"class":128},[69,69103,132],{"class":83},[69,69105,8497],{"class":146},[69,69107,331],{"class":83},[69,69109,1226],{"class":87},[69,69111,618],{"class":83},[69,69113,69114,69116],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,69115,28122],{"class":1053},[69,69117,1579],{"class":83},[69,69119,69120,69122,69124,69126,69128,69130],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,69121,8756],{"class":128},[69,69123,132],{"class":83},[69,69125,871],{"class":699},[69,69127,52290],{"class":703},[69,69129,871],{"class":699},[69,69131,166],{"class":83},[20,69133,321],{},[60,69135,69137],{"className":62,"code":69136,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"The list is empty\n",[15,69138,69139],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69140,69141,69143,69145,69147],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69142,2714],{"class":75},[69,69144,178],{"class":177},[69,69146,8783],{"class":79},[69,69148,8789],{"class":75},[20,69150,69151,69152,69154],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[533,69153,53246],{"href":51453}," is a good next step.",[55,69156,69158],{"id":69157},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,69160,69161,69163,69164,69167],{},[15,69162,42831],{}," counts only the ",[42,69165,69166],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,69169,69170],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[60,69172,69174],{"className":62,"code":69173,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,69175,69176,69212],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69177,69178,69180,69182,69184,69186,69188,69190,69192,69194,69196,69198,69200,69202,69204,69206,69208,69210],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69179,9852],{"class":75},[69,69181,80],{"class":79},[69,69183,56769],{"class":83},[69,69185,88],{"class":87},[69,69187,91],{"class":83},[69,69189,94],{"class":87},[69,69191,18752],{"class":83},[69,69193,84],{"class":83},[69,69195,346],{"class":87},[69,69197,91],{"class":83},[69,69199,104],{"class":87},[69,69201,18752],{"class":83},[69,69203,84],{"class":83},[69,69205,2866],{"class":87},[69,69207,91],{"class":83},[69,69209,114],{"class":87},[69,69211,53717],{"class":83},[69,69213,69214,69216,69218,69220,69222,69224],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,69215,172],{"class":128},[69,69217,132],{"class":83},[69,69219,11850],{"class":128},[69,69221,132],{"class":83},[69,69223,9891],{"class":146},[69,69225,318],{"class":83},[20,69227,321],{},[60,69229,69230],{"className":62,"code":47089,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,69231,69232],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69233,69234],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69235,47089],{"class":87},[20,69237,69238],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,69240,52554],{},[60,69242,69244],{"className":62,"code":69243,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,69245,69246,69272],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69247,69248,69250,69252,69254,69256,69258,69260,69262,69264,69266,69268,69270],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69249,59949],{"class":75},[69,69251,80],{"class":79},[69,69253,84],{"class":83},[69,69255,88],{"class":87},[69,69257,91],{"class":83},[69,69259,84],{"class":83},[69,69261,1155],{"class":87},[69,69263,91],{"class":83},[69,69265,99],{"class":87},[69,69267,18752],{"class":83},[69,69269,104],{"class":87},[69,69271,117],{"class":83},[69,69273,69274,69276,69278,69280,69282,69284],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,69275,172],{"class":128},[69,69277,132],{"class":83},[69,69279,11850],{"class":128},[69,69281,132],{"class":83},[69,69283,60002],{"class":146},[69,69285,318],{"class":83},[20,69287,321],{},[60,69289,69290],{"className":62,"code":47089,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,69291,69292],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69293,69294],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69295,47089],{"class":87},[20,69297,21668,69298,69301],{},[15,69299,69300],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[55,69303,5222],{"id":5221},[377,69305,840,69307,11780,69310],{"id":69306},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,69308,69309],{},"my_list.len()",[15,69311,68755],{},[20,69313,69314],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,69316,2235],{},[60,69318,69320],{"className":62,"code":69319,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,69321,69322,69342],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69323,69324,69326,69328,69330,69332,69334,69336,69338,69340],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69325,76],{"class":75},[69,69327,80],{"class":79},[69,69329,84],{"class":83},[69,69331,444],{"class":87},[69,69333,91],{"class":83},[69,69335,454],{"class":87},[69,69337,91],{"class":83},[69,69339,8482],{"class":87},[69,69341,117],{"class":83},[69,69343,69344,69346,69348,69350,69352,69354],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,69345,172],{"class":128},[69,69347,132],{"class":83},[69,69349,4366],{"class":146},[69,69351,537],{"class":83},[69,69353,11850],{"class":146},[69,69355,7882],{"class":83},[20,69357,2253],{},[60,69359,69361],{"className":62,"code":69360,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,69362,69363,69383],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69364,69365,69367,69369,69371,69373,69375,69377,69379,69381],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69366,76],{"class":75},[69,69368,80],{"class":79},[69,69370,84],{"class":83},[69,69372,444],{"class":87},[69,69374,91],{"class":83},[69,69376,454],{"class":87},[69,69378,91],{"class":83},[69,69380,8482],{"class":87},[69,69382,117],{"class":83},[69,69384,69385,69387,69389,69391,69393,69395],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,69386,172],{"class":128},[69,69388,132],{"class":83},[69,69390,11850],{"class":128},[69,69392,132],{"class":83},[69,69394,4366],{"class":146},[69,69396,318],{"class":83},[20,69398,69399,69401],{},[15,69400,42831],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[377,69403,26375],{"id":26374},[20,69405,2235],{},[60,69407,69409],{"className":62,"code":69408,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,69410,69411,69431],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69412,69413,69415,69417,69419,69421,69423,69425,69427,69429],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69414,76],{"class":75},[69,69416,80],{"class":79},[69,69418,84],{"class":83},[69,69420,444],{"class":87},[69,69422,91],{"class":83},[69,69424,454],{"class":87},[69,69426,91],{"class":83},[69,69428,8482],{"class":87},[69,69430,117],{"class":83},[69,69432,69433,69435,69437,69439],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,69434,172],{"class":128},[69,69436,132],{"class":83},[69,69438,11850],{"class":128},[69,69440,166],{"class":83},[20,69442,69443],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,69445,2253],{},[60,69447,69448],{"className":62,"code":69360,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,69449,69450,69470],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69451,69452,69454,69456,69458,69460,69462,69464,69466,69468],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69453,76],{"class":75},[69,69455,80],{"class":79},[69,69457,84],{"class":83},[69,69459,444],{"class":87},[69,69461,91],{"class":83},[69,69463,454],{"class":87},[69,69465,91],{"class":83},[69,69467,8482],{"class":87},[69,69469,117],{"class":83},[69,69471,69472,69474,69476,69478,69480,69482],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,69473,172],{"class":128},[69,69475,132],{"class":83},[69,69477,11850],{"class":128},[69,69479,132],{"class":83},[69,69481,4366],{"class":146},[69,69483,318],{"class":83},[377,69485,69487],{"id":69486},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69489,69490,69491,69493],{},"The length of a list is ",[42,69492,5334],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69495,234],{},[60,69497,69499],{"className":62,"code":69498,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69500,69501,69533],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69502,69503,69505,69507,69509,69511,69513,69515,69517,69519,69521,69523,69525,69527,69529,69531],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69504,36780],{"class":75},[69,69506,80],{"class":79},[69,69508,84],{"class":83},[69,69510,871],{"class":699},[69,69512,533],{"class":703},[69,69514,871],{"class":699},[69,69516,91],{"class":83},[69,69518,881],{"class":699},[69,69520,5465],{"class":703},[69,69522,871],{"class":699},[69,69524,91],{"class":83},[69,69526,881],{"class":699},[69,69528,10425],{"class":703},[69,69530,871],{"class":699},[69,69532,117],{"class":83},[69,69534,69535,69537,69539,69541,69543,69545],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,69536,172],{"class":128},[69,69538,132],{"class":83},[69,69540,11850],{"class":128},[69,69542,132],{"class":83},[69,69544,36833],{"class":146},[69,69546,318],{"class":83},[20,69548,321],{},[60,69550,69551],{"className":62,"code":47089,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,69552,69553],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69554,69555],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69556,47089],{"class":87},[20,69558,69559,69560,19654,69562,537],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69561,1155],{},[15,69563,346],{},[20,69565,69566],{},"Indexes are:",[29,69568,69569,69576,69582],{},[32,69570,69571,69573,69574],{},[15,69572,1226],{}," for ",[15,69575,18786],{},[32,69577,69578,69573,69580],{},[15,69579,88],{},[15,69581,66073],{},[32,69583,69584,69573,69586],{},[15,69585,1155],{},[15,69587,66959],{},[20,69589,69590],{},"So this causes an error:",[60,69592,69594],{"className":62,"code":69593,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69595,69596,69628],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69597,69598,69600,69602,69604,69606,69608,69610,69612,69614,69616,69618,69620,69622,69624,69626],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69599,36780],{"class":75},[69,69601,80],{"class":79},[69,69603,84],{"class":83},[69,69605,871],{"class":699},[69,69607,533],{"class":703},[69,69609,871],{"class":699},[69,69611,91],{"class":83},[69,69613,881],{"class":699},[69,69615,5465],{"class":703},[69,69617,871],{"class":699},[69,69619,91],{"class":83},[69,69621,881],{"class":699},[69,69623,10425],{"class":703},[69,69625,871],{"class":699},[69,69627,117],{"class":83},[69,69629,69630,69632,69634,69636,69638,69640,69642,69644],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,69631,172],{"class":128},[69,69633,132],{"class":83},[69,69635,36833],{"class":146},[69,69637,331],{"class":83},[69,69639,11850],{"class":128},[69,69641,132],{"class":83},[69,69643,36833],{"class":146},[69,69645,11366],{"class":83},[20,69647,9181,69648,5488,69651,69653,69654,69656],{},[15,69649,69650],{},"len(letters)",[15,69652,346],{},", and index ",[15,69655,346],{}," does not exist.",[20,69658,19531],{},[60,69660,69662],{"className":62,"code":69661,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69663,69664,69696],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69665,69666,69668,69670,69672,69674,69676,69678,69680,69682,69684,69686,69688,69690,69692,69694],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69667,36780],{"class":75},[69,69669,80],{"class":79},[69,69671,84],{"class":83},[69,69673,871],{"class":699},[69,69675,533],{"class":703},[69,69677,871],{"class":699},[69,69679,91],{"class":83},[69,69681,881],{"class":699},[69,69683,5465],{"class":703},[69,69685,871],{"class":699},[69,69687,91],{"class":83},[69,69689,881],{"class":699},[69,69691,10425],{"class":703},[69,69693,871],{"class":699},[69,69695,117],{"class":83},[69,69697,69698,69700,69702,69704,69706,69708,69710,69712,69714,69716,69718],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,69699,172],{"class":128},[69,69701,132],{"class":83},[69,69703,36833],{"class":146},[69,69705,331],{"class":83},[69,69707,11850],{"class":128},[69,69709,132],{"class":83},[69,69711,36833],{"class":146},[69,69713,938],{"class":83},[69,69715,1979],{"class":79},[69,69717,1263],{"class":87},[69,69719,618],{"class":83},[20,69721,321],{},[60,69723,69725],{"className":62,"code":69724,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"c\n",[15,69726,69727],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69728,69729],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69730,69724],{"class":75},[20,69732,69733,69734,537],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[533,69735,69737],{"href":69736},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[377,69739,840,69741,69743],{"id":69740},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69742,42831],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69745,69746],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69748,69749],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[60,69751,69753],{"className":62,"code":69752,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69754,69755,69765,69779,69793],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69756,69757,69759,69761,69763],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69758,172],{"class":128},[69,69760,132],{"class":83},[69,69762,9026],{"class":146},[69,69764,166],{"class":83},[69,69766,69767,69769,69771,69773,69775,69777],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,69768,172],{"class":128},[69,69770,132],{"class":83},[69,69772,11850],{"class":128},[69,69774,132],{"class":83},[69,69776,9026],{"class":146},[69,69778,318],{"class":83},[69,69780,69781,69783,69785,69787,69789,69791],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,69782,172],{"class":128},[69,69784,132],{"class":83},[69,69786,641],{"class":177},[69,69788,132],{"class":83},[69,69790,9026],{"class":146},[69,69792,318],{"class":83},[69,69794,69795,69797,69799,69801,69803,69805],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,69796,172],{"class":128},[69,69798,132],{"class":83},[69,69800,9026],{"class":146},[69,69802,331],{"class":83},[69,69804,1226],{"class":87},[69,69806,618],{"class":83},[20,69808,69809],{},"These help you verify:",[29,69811,69812,69815,69817,69820],{},[32,69813,69814],{},"what the variable contains",[32,69816,61261],{},[32,69818,69819],{},"whether it is really a list",[32,69821,69822],{},"what the first item is",[20,69824,69825,69826,69829],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69827,69828],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[55,69831,1373,69833,69835],{"id":69832},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69834,42831],{}," with lists",[20,69837,69838,69839,69841],{},"You will often use ",[15,69840,42831],{}," in real programs.",[20,69843,10059],{},[29,69845,69846,69848,69851,69854],{},[32,69847,52244],{},[32,69849,69850],{},"Control loops",[32,69852,69853],{},"Validate input or results",[32,69855,69856],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69858,69859],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[60,69861,69863],{"className":62,"code":69862,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69864,69865,69885,69901,69905,69919,69933],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69866,69867,69869,69871,69873,69875,69877,69879,69881,69883],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69868,3280],{"class":75},[69,69870,80],{"class":79},[69,69872,84],{"class":83},[69,69874,88],{"class":87},[69,69876,91],{"class":83},[69,69878,94],{"class":87},[69,69880,91],{"class":83},[69,69882,99],{"class":87},[69,69884,117],{"class":83},[69,69886,69887,69889,69891,69893,69895,69897,69899],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,69888,3308],{"class":75},[69,69890,80],{"class":79},[69,69892,84],{"class":83},[69,69894,444],{"class":87},[69,69896,91],{"class":83},[69,69898,454],{"class":87},[69,69900,117],{"class":83},[69,69902,69903],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,69904,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,69906,69907,69909,69911,69913,69915,69917],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,69908,172],{"class":128},[69,69910,132],{"class":83},[69,69912,11850],{"class":128},[69,69914,132],{"class":83},[69,69916,533],{"class":146},[69,69918,318],{"class":83},[69,69920,69921,69923,69925,69927,69929,69931],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,69922,172],{"class":128},[69,69924,132],{"class":83},[69,69926,11850],{"class":128},[69,69928,132],{"class":83},[69,69930,5465],{"class":146},[69,69932,318],{"class":83},[69,69934,69935,69937,69939,69941,69943,69945,69947,69949,69951,69953,69955],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,69936,172],{"class":128},[69,69938,132],{"class":83},[69,69940,11850],{"class":128},[69,69942,132],{"class":83},[69,69944,533],{"class":146},[69,69946,938],{"class":83},[69,69948,941],{"class":79},[69,69950,930],{"class":128},[69,69952,132],{"class":83},[69,69954,5465],{"class":146},[69,69956,318],{"class":83},[20,69958,321],{},[60,69960,69962],{"className":62,"code":69961,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69963,69964,69968,69972],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69965,69966],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69967,47089],{"class":87},[69,69969,69970],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,69971,17746],{"class":87},[69,69973,69974],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,69975,4685],{"class":1203},[20,69977,69978],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[60,69980,69982],{"className":62,"code":69981,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69983,69984,70016,70020,70042],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,69985,69986,69988,69990,69992,69994,69996,69998,70000,70002,70004,70006,70008,70010,70012,70014],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,69987,5699],{"class":75},[69,69989,80],{"class":79},[69,69991,84],{"class":83},[69,69993,871],{"class":699},[69,69995,13572],{"class":703},[69,69997,871],{"class":699},[69,69999,91],{"class":83},[69,70001,881],{"class":699},[69,70003,36630],{"class":703},[69,70005,871],{"class":699},[69,70007,91],{"class":83},[69,70009,881],{"class":699},[69,70011,36639],{"class":703},[69,70013,871],{"class":699},[69,70015,117],{"class":83},[69,70017,70018],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,70019,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,70021,70022,70024,70027,70029,70031,70033,70035,70037,70039],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,70023,1514],{"class":1053},[69,70025,70026],{"class":75}," i ",[69,70028,1574],{"class":1053},[69,70030,54545],{"class":128},[69,70032,132],{"class":83},[69,70034,11850],{"class":128},[69,70036,132],{"class":83},[69,70038,5743],{"class":146},[69,70040,70041],{"class":83},")):\n",[69,70043,70044,70046,70048,70050,70052,70055,70057,70059],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,70045,8756],{"class":128},[69,70047,132],{"class":83},[69,70049,36844],{"class":146},[69,70051,91],{"class":83},[69,70053,70054],{"class":146}," names",[69,70056,331],{"class":83},[69,70058,36844],{"class":146},[69,70060,618],{"class":83},[20,70062,321],{},[60,70064,70065],{"className":62,"code":36688,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,70066,70067,70073,70079],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70068,70069,70071],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70070,1226],{"class":87},[69,70072,36697],{"class":75},[69,70074,70075,70077],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,70076,88],{"class":87},[69,70078,36704],{"class":75},[69,70080,70081,70083],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,70082,1155],{"class":87},[69,70084,36711],{"class":75},[20,70086,70087,70088,537],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[533,70089,70091],{"href":70090},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,70093,70094,70095,70097],{},"You can also read ",[533,70096,52021],{"href":52020}," for a task-focused guide.",[55,70099,2519],{"id":2518},[377,70101,70103],{"id":70102},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,70105,1378,70106,70109],{},[15,70107,70108],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[377,70111,2561,70113,13407],{"id":70112},"what-does-len-return",[15,70114,70115],{},"len([])",[20,70117,5849,70118,70120],{},[15,70119,1226],{}," because the list is empty.",[377,70122,70124],{"id":70123},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,70126,70127],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[377,70129,2551,70131,70133],{"id":70130},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,70132,69309],{}," in Python?",[20,70135,30959,70136,8909,70138,70140],{},[15,70137,68755],{},[15,70139,42831],{}," is a built-in function.",[55,70142,2620],{"id":2619},[29,70144,70145,70151,70155,70159,70163],{},[32,70146,70147],{},[533,70148,13,70149,2515],{"href":42828},[15,70150,42831],{},[32,70152,70153],{},[533,70154,53065],{"href":52020},[32,70156,70157],{},[533,70158,53246],{"href":51453},[32,70160,70161],{},[533,70162,69737],{"href":69736},[32,70164,70165],{},[533,70166,70167],{"href":70090},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2650,70169,70170],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":70172},[70173,70174,70176,70177,70178,70179,70187,70189,70197],{"id":15854,"depth":120,"text":15855},{"id":68747,"depth":120,"text":70175},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":6484,"depth":120,"text":6485},{"id":69016,"depth":120,"text":69017},{"id":69157,"depth":120,"text":69158},{"id":5221,"depth":120,"text":5222,"children":70180},[70181,70183,70184,70185],{"id":69306,"depth":169,"text":70182},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":26374,"depth":169,"text":26375},{"id":69486,"depth":169,"text":69487},{"id":69740,"depth":169,"text":70186},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69832,"depth":120,"text":70188},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":70190},[70191,70192,70194,70195],{"id":70102,"depth":169,"text":70103},{"id":70112,"depth":169,"text":70193},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":70123,"depth":169,"text":70124},{"id":70130,"depth":169,"text":70196},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68642,"description":70198},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":70204,"title":70205,"body":70206,"description":72188,"extension":2697,"meta":72189,"navigation":272,"path":72190,"seo":72191,"stem":72192,"__hash__":72193},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":70207,"toc":72161},[70208,70211,70216,70219,70227,70240,70242,70307,70309,70331,70336,70340,70345,70353,70355,70365,70367,70448,70450,70480,70482,70501,70506,70523,70525,70609,70611,70641,70646,70650,70656,70740,70742,70772,70775,70779,70782,70873,70875,70913,70916,71001,71003,71033,71039,71046,71050,71055,71064,71066,71151,71153,71182,71185,71193,71197,71201,71210,71233,71235,71257,71259,71273,71275,71335,71339,71344,71383,71385,71402,71404,71414,71513,71518,71522,71527,71570,71572,71600,71602,71616,71691,71693,71715,71719,71722,71727,71738,71743,71751,71754,71825,71827,71852,71909,71911,71932,71941,71949,71954,71956,71961,71982,71985,72060,72063,72077,72084,72086,72090,72096,72100,72110,72114,72121,72125,72131,72133,72158],[10,70209,70205],{"id":70210},"python-list-pop-method",[20,70212,70213,70215],{},[15,70214,55557],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,70217,70218],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[29,70220,70221,70224],{},[32,70222,70223],{},"delete an item from a list",[32,70225,70226],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,70228,70229,70230,70232,70233,843,70235,70239],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,70231,13454],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,70234,13454],{},[533,70236,70237],{"href":55547},[15,70238,56004],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[55,70241,58],{"id":57},[60,70243,70245],{"className":62,"code":70244,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70246,70247,70267,70282,70286,70297],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70248,70249,70251,70253,70255,70257,70259,70261,70263,70265],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70250,76],{"class":75},[69,70252,80],{"class":79},[69,70254,84],{"class":83},[69,70256,444],{"class":87},[69,70258,91],{"class":83},[69,70260,454],{"class":87},[69,70262,91],{"class":83},[69,70264,8482],{"class":87},[69,70266,117],{"class":83},[69,70268,70269,70272,70274,70276,70278,70280],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,70270,70271],{"class":75},"last_item ",[69,70273,80],{"class":79},[69,70275,163],{"class":75},[69,70277,537],{"class":83},[69,70279,26929],{"class":146},[69,70281,9329],{"class":83},[69,70283,70284],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,70285,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,70287,70288,70290,70292,70295],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,70289,172],{"class":128},[69,70291,132],{"class":83},[69,70293,70294],{"class":146},"last_item",[69,70296,166],{"class":83},[69,70298,70299,70301,70303,70305],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,70300,172],{"class":128},[69,70302,132],{"class":83},[69,70304,4366],{"class":146},[69,70306,166],{"class":83},[20,70308,321],{},[60,70310,70312],{"className":62,"code":70311,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,70313,70314,70319],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70315,70316],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70317,70318],{"class":87},"30\n",[69,70320,70321,70323,70325,70327,70329],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,70322,331],{"class":83},[69,70324,444],{"class":87},[69,70326,91],{"class":83},[69,70328,454],{"class":87},[69,70330,117],{"class":83},[20,70332,1378,70333,70335],{},[15,70334,13454],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[55,70337,70339],{"id":70338},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,70341,70342,70344],{},[15,70343,13454],{}," has two main jobs:",[29,70346,70347,70350],{},[32,70348,70349],{},"It removes one item from a list",[32,70351,70352],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,70354,44121],{},[29,70356,70357,70360,70363],{},[32,70358,70359],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[32,70361,70362],{},"It changes the original list",[32,70364,53220],{},[20,70366,234],{},[60,70368,70370],{"className":62,"code":70369,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,70371,70372,70404,70408,70423,70427,70438],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70373,70374,70376,70378,70380,70382,70384,70386,70388,70390,70392,70394,70396,70398,70400,70402],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70375,13768],{"class":75},[69,70377,80],{"class":79},[69,70379,84],{"class":83},[69,70381,871],{"class":699},[69,70383,13785],{"class":703},[69,70385,871],{"class":699},[69,70387,91],{"class":83},[69,70389,881],{"class":699},[69,70391,18145],{"class":703},[69,70393,871],{"class":699},[69,70395,91],{"class":83},[69,70397,881],{"class":699},[69,70399,13802],{"class":703},[69,70401,871],{"class":699},[69,70403,117],{"class":83},[69,70405,70406],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,70407,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,70409,70410,70413,70415,70417,70419,70421],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,70411,70412],{"class":75},"removed ",[69,70414,80],{"class":79},[69,70416,13816],{"class":75},[69,70418,537],{"class":83},[69,70420,26929],{"class":146},[69,70422,9329],{"class":83},[69,70424,70425],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,70426,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,70428,70429,70431,70433,70436],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,70430,172],{"class":128},[69,70432,132],{"class":83},[69,70434,70435],{"class":146},"removed",[69,70437,166],{"class":83},[69,70439,70440,70442,70444,70446],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,70441,172],{"class":128},[69,70443,132],{"class":83},[69,70445,18192],{"class":146},[69,70447,166],{"class":83},[20,70449,321],{},[60,70451,70453],{"className":62,"code":70452,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,70454,70455,70460],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70456,70457],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70458,70459],{"class":75},"blue\n",[69,70461,70462,70464,70466,70468,70470,70472,70474,70476,70478],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,70463,331],{"class":83},[69,70465,706],{"class":699},[69,70467,13785],{"class":703},[69,70469,706],{"class":699},[69,70471,91],{"class":83},[69,70473,700],{"class":699},[69,70475,18145],{"class":703},[69,70477,706],{"class":699},[69,70479,117],{"class":83},[55,70481,2888],{"id":2887},[60,70483,70485],{"className":62,"code":70484,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70486,70487],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70488,70489,70491,70493,70495,70497,70499],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70490,178],{"class":177},[69,70492,537],{"class":83},[69,70494,26929],{"class":146},[69,70496,3710],{"class":83},[69,70498,36535],{"class":146},[69,70500,618],{"class":83},[20,70502,2714,70503,70505],{},[15,70504,36535],{}," is optional.",[29,70507,70508,70514,70520],{},[32,70509,70510,70511,70513],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70512,13454],{}," removes the last item",[32,70515,70516,70517,70519],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70518,13454],{}," removes the item at that position",[32,70521,70522],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70524,234],{},[60,70526,70528],{"className":62,"code":70527,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70529,70530,70562,70566,70585,70589,70599],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70531,70532,70534,70536,70538,70540,70542,70544,70546,70548,70550,70552,70554,70556,70558,70560],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70533,36780],{"class":75},[69,70535,80],{"class":79},[69,70537,84],{"class":83},[69,70539,871],{"class":699},[69,70541,533],{"class":703},[69,70543,871],{"class":699},[69,70545,91],{"class":83},[69,70547,881],{"class":699},[69,70549,5465],{"class":703},[69,70551,871],{"class":699},[69,70553,91],{"class":83},[69,70555,881],{"class":699},[69,70557,10425],{"class":703},[69,70559,871],{"class":699},[69,70561,117],{"class":83},[69,70563,70564],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,70565,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,70567,70568,70570,70572,70575,70577,70579,70581,70583],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,70569,29226],{"class":75},[69,70571,80],{"class":79},[69,70573,70574],{"class":75}," letters",[69,70576,537],{"class":83},[69,70578,26929],{"class":146},[69,70580,132],{"class":83},[69,70582,88],{"class":87},[69,70584,166],{"class":83},[69,70586,70587],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,70588,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,70590,70591,70593,70595,70597],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,70592,172],{"class":128},[69,70594,132],{"class":83},[69,70596,23999],{"class":146},[69,70598,166],{"class":83},[69,70600,70601,70603,70605,70607],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,70602,172],{"class":128},[69,70604,132],{"class":83},[69,70606,36833],{"class":146},[69,70608,166],{"class":83},[20,70610,321],{},[60,70612,70614],{"className":62,"code":70613,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70615,70616,70621],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70617,70618],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70619,70620],{"class":75},"b\n",[69,70622,70623,70625,70627,70629,70631,70633,70635,70637,70639],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,70624,331],{"class":83},[69,70626,706],{"class":699},[69,70628,533],{"class":703},[69,70630,706],{"class":699},[69,70632,91],{"class":83},[69,70634,700],{"class":699},[69,70636,10425],{"class":703},[69,70638,706],{"class":699},[69,70640,117],{"class":83},[20,70642,70643,70644,537],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[533,70645,53246],{"href":51453},[55,70647,70649],{"id":70648},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70651,70652,70653,70655],{},"When you call ",[15,70654,13454],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[60,70657,70659],{"className":62,"code":70658,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70660,70661,70696,70700,70715,70719,70730],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70662,70663,70665,70667,70669,70671,70674,70676,70678,70680,70683,70685,70687,70689,70692,70694],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70664,30586],{"class":75},[69,70666,80],{"class":79},[69,70668,84],{"class":83},[69,70670,871],{"class":699},[69,70672,70673],{"class":703},"write",[69,70675,871],{"class":699},[69,70677,91],{"class":83},[69,70679,881],{"class":699},[69,70681,70682],{"class":703},"test",[69,70684,871],{"class":699},[69,70686,91],{"class":83},[69,70688,881],{"class":699},[69,70690,70691],{"class":703},"submit",[69,70693,871],{"class":699},[69,70695,117],{"class":83},[69,70697,70698],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,70699,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,70701,70702,70705,70707,70709,70711,70713],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,70703,70704],{"class":75},"last_task ",[69,70706,80],{"class":79},[69,70708,30664],{"class":75},[69,70710,537],{"class":83},[69,70712,26929],{"class":146},[69,70714,9329],{"class":83},[69,70716,70717],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,70718,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,70720,70721,70723,70725,70728],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,70722,172],{"class":128},[69,70724,132],{"class":83},[69,70726,70727],{"class":146},"last_task",[69,70729,166],{"class":83},[69,70731,70732,70734,70736,70738],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,70733,172],{"class":128},[69,70735,132],{"class":83},[69,70737,37196],{"class":146},[69,70739,166],{"class":83},[20,70741,321],{},[60,70743,70745],{"className":62,"code":70744,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70746,70747,70752],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70748,70749],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70750,70751],{"class":75},"submit\n",[69,70753,70754,70756,70758,70760,70762,70764,70766,70768,70770],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,70755,331],{"class":83},[69,70757,706],{"class":699},[69,70759,70673],{"class":703},[69,70761,706],{"class":699},[69,70763,91],{"class":83},[69,70765,700],{"class":699},[69,70767,70682],{"class":703},[69,70769,706],{"class":699},[69,70771,117],{"class":83},[20,70773,70774],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[55,70776,70778],{"id":70777},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70780,70781],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[60,70783,70785],{"className":62,"code":70784,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70786,70787,70827,70831,70849,70853,70863],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70788,70789,70791,70793,70795,70797,70799,70801,70803,70805,70807,70809,70811,70813,70815,70817,70819,70821,70823,70825],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70790,36929],{"class":75},[69,70792,80],{"class":79},[69,70794,84],{"class":83},[69,70796,871],{"class":699},[69,70798,874],{"class":703},[69,70800,871],{"class":699},[69,70802,91],{"class":83},[69,70804,881],{"class":699},[69,70806,893],{"class":703},[69,70808,871],{"class":699},[69,70810,91],{"class":83},[69,70812,881],{"class":699},[69,70814,4800],{"class":703},[69,70816,871],{"class":699},[69,70818,91],{"class":83},[69,70820,881],{"class":699},[69,70822,33911],{"class":703},[69,70824,871],{"class":699},[69,70826,117],{"class":83},[69,70828,70829],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,70830,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,70832,70833,70835,70837,70839,70841,70843,70845,70847],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,70834,70412],{"class":75},[69,70836,80],{"class":79},[69,70838,53326],{"class":75},[69,70840,537],{"class":83},[69,70842,26929],{"class":146},[69,70844,132],{"class":83},[69,70846,88],{"class":87},[69,70848,166],{"class":83},[69,70850,70851],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,70852,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,70854,70855,70857,70859,70861],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,70856,172],{"class":128},[69,70858,132],{"class":83},[69,70860,70435],{"class":146},[69,70862,166],{"class":83},[69,70864,70865,70867,70869,70871],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,70866,172],{"class":128},[69,70868,132],{"class":83},[69,70870,36981],{"class":146},[69,70872,166],{"class":83},[20,70874,321],{},[60,70876,70878],{"className":62,"code":70877,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70879,70880,70885],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70881,70882],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70883,70884],{"class":75},"banana\n",[69,70886,70887,70889,70891,70893,70895,70897,70899,70901,70903,70905,70907,70909,70911],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,70888,331],{"class":83},[69,70890,706],{"class":699},[69,70892,874],{"class":703},[69,70894,706],{"class":699},[69,70896,91],{"class":83},[69,70898,700],{"class":699},[69,70900,4800],{"class":703},[69,70902,706],{"class":699},[69,70904,91],{"class":83},[69,70906,700],{"class":699},[69,70908,33911],{"class":703},[69,70910,706],{"class":699},[69,70912,117],{"class":83},[20,70914,70915],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[60,70917,70919],{"className":62,"code":70918,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70920,70921,70953,70957,70977,70981,70991],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,70922,70923,70925,70927,70929,70931,70933,70935,70937,70939,70941,70943,70945,70947,70949,70951],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,70924,36929],{"class":75},[69,70926,80],{"class":79},[69,70928,84],{"class":83},[69,70930,871],{"class":699},[69,70932,874],{"class":703},[69,70934,871],{"class":699},[69,70936,91],{"class":83},[69,70938,881],{"class":699},[69,70940,893],{"class":703},[69,70942,871],{"class":699},[69,70944,91],{"class":83},[69,70946,881],{"class":699},[69,70948,4800],{"class":703},[69,70950,871],{"class":699},[69,70952,117],{"class":83},[69,70954,70955],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,70956,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,70958,70959,70961,70963,70965,70967,70969,70971,70973,70975],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,70960,70412],{"class":75},[69,70962,80],{"class":79},[69,70964,53326],{"class":75},[69,70966,537],{"class":83},[69,70968,26929],{"class":146},[69,70970,132],{"class":83},[69,70972,1972],{"class":79},[69,70974,88],{"class":87},[69,70976,166],{"class":83},[69,70978,70979],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,70980,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,70982,70983,70985,70987,70989],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,70984,172],{"class":128},[69,70986,132],{"class":83},[69,70988,70435],{"class":146},[69,70990,166],{"class":83},[69,70992,70993,70995,70997,70999],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,70994,172],{"class":128},[69,70996,132],{"class":83},[69,70998,36981],{"class":146},[69,71000,166],{"class":83},[20,71002,321],{},[60,71004,71006],{"className":62,"code":71005,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,71007,71008,71013],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71009,71010],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71011,71012],{"class":75},"cherry\n",[69,71014,71015,71017,71019,71021,71023,71025,71027,71029,71031],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,71016,331],{"class":83},[69,71018,706],{"class":699},[69,71020,874],{"class":703},[69,71022,706],{"class":699},[69,71024,91],{"class":83},[69,71026,700],{"class":699},[69,71028,893],{"class":703},[69,71030,706],{"class":699},[69,71032,117],{"class":83},[20,71034,71035,71036,71038],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,71037,66332],{}," means the last item.",[20,71040,71041,71042,537],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[533,71043,71044,11428],{"href":59441},[15,71045,65343],{},[55,71047,71049],{"id":71048},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,71051,71052,71054],{},[15,71053,13454],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,71056,71057,71058,5096,71060,537],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,71059,13454],{},[533,71061,71062],{"href":55547},[15,71063,56004],{},[20,71065,234],{},[60,71067,71069],{"className":62,"code":71068,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,71070,71071,71103,71107,71126,71130,71141],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71072,71073,71075,71077,71079,71081,71083,71085,71087,71089,71091,71093,71095,71097,71099,71101],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71074,5699],{"class":75},[69,71076,80],{"class":79},[69,71078,84],{"class":83},[69,71080,871],{"class":699},[69,71082,13572],{"class":703},[69,71084,871],{"class":699},[69,71086,91],{"class":83},[69,71088,881],{"class":699},[69,71090,36630],{"class":703},[69,71092,871],{"class":699},[69,71094,91],{"class":83},[69,71096,881],{"class":699},[69,71098,36639],{"class":703},[69,71100,871],{"class":699},[69,71102,117],{"class":83},[69,71104,71105],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,71106,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,71108,71109,71112,71114,71116,71118,71120,71122,71124],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,71110,71111],{"class":75},"removed_name ",[69,71113,80],{"class":79},[69,71115,70054],{"class":75},[69,71117,537],{"class":83},[69,71119,26929],{"class":146},[69,71121,132],{"class":83},[69,71123,1226],{"class":87},[69,71125,166],{"class":83},[69,71127,71128],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,71129,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,71131,71132,71134,71136,71139],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,71133,172],{"class":128},[69,71135,132],{"class":83},[69,71137,71138],{"class":146},"removed_name",[69,71140,166],{"class":83},[69,71142,71143,71145,71147,71149],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,71144,172],{"class":128},[69,71146,132],{"class":83},[69,71148,5743],{"class":146},[69,71150,166],{"class":83},[20,71152,321],{},[60,71154,71156],{"className":62,"code":71155,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,71157,71158,71162],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71159,71160],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71161,50513],{"class":75},[69,71163,71164,71166,71168,71170,71172,71174,71176,71178,71180],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,71165,331],{"class":83},[69,71167,706],{"class":699},[69,71169,36630],{"class":703},[69,71171,706],{"class":699},[69,71173,91],{"class":83},[69,71175,700],{"class":699},[69,71177,36639],{"class":703},[69,71179,706],{"class":699},[69,71181,117],{"class":83},[20,71183,71184],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,71186,71187,71188,71190,71191,537],{},"By comparison, ",[15,71189,56004],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,71192,1181],{},[55,71194,71196],{"id":71195},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[377,71198,71200],{"id":71199},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,71202,71203,71204,71206,71207,537],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,71205,13454],{}," raises an ",[15,71208,71209],{},"IndexError",[60,71211,71213],{"className":62,"code":71212,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,71214,71215,71223],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71216,71217,71219,71221],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71218,1252],{"class":75},[69,71220,80],{"class":79},[69,71222,1561],{"class":83},[69,71224,71225,71227,71229,71231],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,71226,8497],{"class":75},[69,71228,537],{"class":83},[69,71230,26929],{"class":146},[69,71232,9329],{"class":83},[20,71234,321],{},[60,71236,71238],{"className":62,"code":71237,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,71239,71240],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71241,71242,71244,71246,71249,71252,71255],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71243,71209],{"class":177},[69,71245,143],{"class":83},[69,71247,71248],{"class":75}," pop ",[69,71250,71251],{"class":1053},"from",[69,71253,71254],{"class":75}," empty ",[69,71256,50359],{"class":177},[20,71258,1849],{},[29,71260,71261,71266],{},[32,71262,71263,71264],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,71265,13454],{},[32,71267,71268,71269,5096,71271],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,71270,30492],{},[15,71272,30523],{},[20,71274,234],{},[60,71276,71278],{"className":62,"code":71277,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,71279,71280,71288,71292,71300,71314,71320],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71281,71282,71284,71286],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71283,1252],{"class":75},[69,71285,80],{"class":79},[69,71287,1561],{"class":83},[69,71289,71290],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,71291,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,71293,71294,71296,71298],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,71295,1712],{"class":1053},[69,71297,1319],{"class":75},[69,71299,1579],{"class":83},[69,71301,71302,71304,71306,71308,71310,71312],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,71303,8756],{"class":128},[69,71305,132],{"class":83},[69,71307,8497],{"class":146},[69,71309,537],{"class":83},[69,71311,26929],{"class":146},[69,71313,7882],{"class":83},[69,71315,71316,71318],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,71317,28122],{"class":1053},[69,71319,1579],{"class":83},[69,71321,71322,71324,71326,71328,71331,71333],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,71323,8756],{"class":128},[69,71325,132],{"class":83},[69,71327,871],{"class":699},[69,71329,71330],{"class":703},"The list is empty.",[69,71332,871],{"class":699},[69,71334,166],{"class":83},[377,71336,71338],{"id":71337},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,71340,71341,71342,537],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,71343,71209],{},[60,71345,71347],{"className":62,"code":71346,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,71348,71349,71369],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71350,71351,71353,71355,71357,71359,71361,71363,71365,71367],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71352,76],{"class":75},[69,71354,80],{"class":79},[69,71356,84],{"class":83},[69,71358,444],{"class":87},[69,71360,91],{"class":83},[69,71362,454],{"class":87},[69,71364,91],{"class":83},[69,71366,8482],{"class":87},[69,71368,117],{"class":83},[69,71370,71371,71373,71375,71377,71379,71381],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,71372,4366],{"class":75},[69,71374,537],{"class":83},[69,71376,26929],{"class":146},[69,71378,132],{"class":83},[69,71380,2866],{"class":87},[69,71382,166],{"class":83},[20,71384,321],{},[60,71386,71388],{"className":62,"code":71387,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,71389,71390],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71391,71392,71394,71396,71399],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71393,71209],{"class":177},[69,71395,143],{"class":83},[69,71397,71398],{"class":75}," pop index out of ",[69,71400,71401],{"class":128},"range\n",[20,71403,1849],{},[29,71405,71406,71411],{},[32,71407,71408,71409],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,71410,42831],{},[32,71412,71413],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[60,71415,71417],{"className":62,"code":71416,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,71418,71419,71439,71448,71452,71474,71492,71498],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71420,71421,71423,71425,71427,71429,71431,71433,71435,71437],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71422,76],{"class":75},[69,71424,80],{"class":79},[69,71426,84],{"class":83},[69,71428,444],{"class":87},[69,71430,91],{"class":83},[69,71432,454],{"class":87},[69,71434,91],{"class":83},[69,71436,8482],{"class":87},[69,71438,117],{"class":83},[69,71440,71441,71444,71446],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,71442,71443],{"class":75},"index ",[69,71445,80],{"class":79},[69,71447,46061],{"class":87},[69,71449,71450],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,71451,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,71453,71454,71456,71458,71461,71464,71466,71468,71470,71472],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,71455,1712],{"class":1053},[69,71457,158],{"class":87},[69,71459,71460],{"class":79}," \u003C=",[69,71462,71463],{"class":75}," index ",[69,71465,674],{"class":79},[69,71467,930],{"class":128},[69,71469,132],{"class":83},[69,71471,4366],{"class":146},[69,71473,1048],{"class":83},[69,71475,71476,71478,71480,71482,71484,71486,71488,71490],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,71477,8756],{"class":128},[69,71479,132],{"class":83},[69,71481,4366],{"class":146},[69,71483,537],{"class":83},[69,71485,26929],{"class":146},[69,71487,132],{"class":83},[69,71489,36535],{"class":146},[69,71491,318],{"class":83},[69,71493,71494,71496],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,71495,28122],{"class":1053},[69,71497,1579],{"class":83},[69,71499,71500,71502,71504,71506,71509,71511],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,71501,8756],{"class":128},[69,71503,132],{"class":83},[69,71505,871],{"class":699},[69,71507,71508],{"class":703},"Index is out of range.",[69,71510,871],{"class":699},[69,71512,166],{"class":83},[20,71514,71515,71516,537],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[533,71517,69737],{"href":69736},[377,71519,71521],{"id":71520},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71523,71524,71526],{},[15,71525,13454],{}," expects an integer index.",[60,71528,71530],{"className":62,"code":71529,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71531,71532,71552],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71533,71534,71536,71538,71540,71542,71544,71546,71548,71550],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71535,76],{"class":75},[69,71537,80],{"class":79},[69,71539,84],{"class":83},[69,71541,444],{"class":87},[69,71543,91],{"class":83},[69,71545,454],{"class":87},[69,71547,91],{"class":83},[69,71549,8482],{"class":87},[69,71551,117],{"class":83},[69,71553,71554,71556,71558,71560,71562,71564,71566,71568],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,71555,4366],{"class":75},[69,71557,537],{"class":83},[69,71559,26929],{"class":146},[69,71561,132],{"class":83},[69,71563,871],{"class":699},[69,71565,88],{"class":703},[69,71567,871],{"class":699},[69,71569,166],{"class":83},[20,71571,321],{},[60,71573,71575],{"className":62,"code":71574,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71576,71577],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71578,71579,71581,71583,71585,71587,71589,71591,71594,71597],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71580,3728],{"class":177},[69,71582,143],{"class":83},[69,71584,700],{"class":699},[69,71586,4164],{"class":703},[69,71588,706],{"class":699},[69,71590,679],{"class":177},[69,71592,71593],{"class":75}," cannot be interpreted ",[69,71595,71596],{"class":1053},"as",[69,71598,71599],{"class":75}," an integer\n",[20,71601,1849],{},[29,71603,71604,71613],{},[32,71605,71606,71607,2920,71609,2924,71611],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71608,1226],{},[15,71610,88],{},[15,71612,66332],{},[32,71614,71615],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[60,71617,71619],{"className":62,"code":71618,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71620,71621,71641,71659,71663,71681],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71622,71623,71625,71627,71629,71631,71633,71635,71637,71639],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71624,76],{"class":75},[69,71626,80],{"class":79},[69,71628,84],{"class":83},[69,71630,444],{"class":87},[69,71632,91],{"class":83},[69,71634,454],{"class":87},[69,71636,91],{"class":83},[69,71638,8482],{"class":87},[69,71640,117],{"class":83},[69,71642,71643,71645,71647,71649,71651,71653,71655,71657],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,71644,71443],{"class":75},[69,71646,80],{"class":79},[69,71648,45748],{"class":177},[69,71650,132],{"class":83},[69,71652,871],{"class":699},[69,71654,88],{"class":703},[69,71656,871],{"class":699},[69,71658,166],{"class":83},[69,71660,71661],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,71662,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,71664,71665,71667,71669,71671,71673,71675,71677,71679],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,71666,172],{"class":128},[69,71668,132],{"class":83},[69,71670,4366],{"class":146},[69,71672,537],{"class":83},[69,71674,26929],{"class":146},[69,71676,132],{"class":83},[69,71678,36535],{"class":146},[69,71680,318],{"class":83},[69,71682,71683,71685,71687,71689],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,71684,172],{"class":128},[69,71686,132],{"class":83},[69,71688,4366],{"class":146},[69,71690,166],{"class":83},[20,71692,321],{},[60,71694,71696],{"className":62,"code":71695,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71697,71698,71703],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71699,71700],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71701,71702],{"class":87},"20\n",[69,71704,71705,71707,71709,71711,71713],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,71706,331],{"class":83},[69,71708,444],{"class":87},[69,71710,91],{"class":83},[69,71712,8482],{"class":87},[69,71714,117],{"class":83},[55,71716,71718],{"id":71717},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71720,71721],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[377,71723,1378,71725,11288],{"id":71724},"use-pop-when",[15,71726,13454],{},[29,71728,71729,71732,71735],{},[32,71730,71731],{},"you want to remove by index",[32,71733,71734],{},"you want the removed item returned",[32,71736,71737],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[377,71739,1378,71741,11288],{"id":71740},"use-remove-when",[15,71742,56004],{},[29,71744,71745,71748],{},[32,71746,71747],{},"you want to remove by value",[32,71749,71750],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71752,71753],{},"Compare these examples:",[60,71755,71757],{"className":62,"code":71756,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71758,71759,71783,71787,71805,71815],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71760,71761,71763,71765,71767,71769,71771,71773,71775,71777,71779,71781],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71762,76],{"class":75},[69,71764,80],{"class":79},[69,71766,84],{"class":83},[69,71768,444],{"class":87},[69,71770,91],{"class":83},[69,71772,454],{"class":87},[69,71774,91],{"class":83},[69,71776,8482],{"class":87},[69,71778,91],{"class":83},[69,71780,454],{"class":87},[69,71782,117],{"class":83},[69,71784,71785],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,71786,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,71788,71789,71791,71793,71795,71797,71799,71801,71803],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,71790,70412],{"class":75},[69,71792,80],{"class":79},[69,71794,163],{"class":75},[69,71796,537],{"class":83},[69,71798,26929],{"class":146},[69,71800,132],{"class":83},[69,71802,88],{"class":87},[69,71804,166],{"class":83},[69,71806,71807,71809,71811,71813],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,71808,172],{"class":128},[69,71810,132],{"class":83},[69,71812,70435],{"class":146},[69,71814,166],{"class":83},[69,71816,71817,71819,71821,71823],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,71818,172],{"class":128},[69,71820,132],{"class":83},[69,71822,4366],{"class":146},[69,71824,166],{"class":83},[20,71826,321],{},[60,71828,71830],{"className":62,"code":71829,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71831,71832,71836],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71833,71834],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71835,71702],{"class":87},[69,71837,71838,71840,71842,71844,71846,71848,71850],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,71839,331],{"class":83},[69,71841,444],{"class":87},[69,71843,91],{"class":83},[69,71845,8482],{"class":87},[69,71847,91],{"class":83},[69,71849,454],{"class":87},[69,71851,117],{"class":83},[60,71853,71855],{"className":62,"code":71854,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71856,71857,71881,71885,71899],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71858,71859,71861,71863,71865,71867,71869,71871,71873,71875,71877,71879],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71860,76],{"class":75},[69,71862,80],{"class":79},[69,71864,84],{"class":83},[69,71866,444],{"class":87},[69,71868,91],{"class":83},[69,71870,454],{"class":87},[69,71872,91],{"class":83},[69,71874,8482],{"class":87},[69,71876,91],{"class":83},[69,71878,454],{"class":87},[69,71880,117],{"class":83},[69,71882,71883],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,71884,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,71886,71887,71889,71891,71893,71895,71897],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,71888,4366],{"class":75},[69,71890,537],{"class":83},[69,71892,35485],{"class":146},[69,71894,132],{"class":83},[69,71896,522],{"class":87},[69,71898,166],{"class":83},[69,71900,71901,71903,71905,71907],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,71902,172],{"class":128},[69,71904,132],{"class":83},[69,71906,4366],{"class":146},[69,71908,166],{"class":83},[20,71910,321],{},[60,71912,71914],{"className":62,"code":71913,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71915,71916],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71917,71918,71920,71922,71924,71926,71928,71930],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71919,331],{"class":83},[69,71921,444],{"class":87},[69,71923,91],{"class":83},[69,71925,8482],{"class":87},[69,71927,91],{"class":83},[69,71929,454],{"class":87},[69,71931,117],{"class":83},[20,71933,71934,71935,71938,71939,537],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71936,71937],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71940,88],{},[20,71942,57080,71943,71946,71947,537],{},[15,71944,71945],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71948,522],{},[20,71950,71951,71952,537],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[533,71953,55543],{"href":55542},[55,71955,1771],{"id":1770},[20,71957,71958,71959,143],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71960,13454],{},[29,71962,71963,71966,71969,71975,71979],{},[32,71964,71965],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[32,71967,71968],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[32,71970,2309,71971,843,71973],{},[15,71972,13454],{},[15,71974,56004],{},[32,71976,1780,71977,62449],{},[15,71978,13454],{},[32,71980,71981],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71983,71984],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[60,71986,71988],{"className":62,"code":71987,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71989,71990,72000,72014,72028,72046],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,71991,71992,71994,71996,71998],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,71993,172],{"class":128},[69,71995,132],{"class":83},[69,71997,9026],{"class":146},[69,71999,166],{"class":83},[69,72001,72002,72004,72006,72008,72010,72012],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,72003,172],{"class":128},[69,72005,132],{"class":83},[69,72007,11850],{"class":128},[69,72009,132],{"class":83},[69,72011,9026],{"class":146},[69,72013,318],{"class":83},[69,72015,72016,72018,72020,72022,72024,72026],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,72017,172],{"class":128},[69,72019,132],{"class":83},[69,72021,9026],{"class":146},[69,72023,537],{"class":83},[69,72025,26929],{"class":146},[69,72027,7882],{"class":83},[69,72029,72030,72032,72034,72036,72038,72040,72042,72044],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,72031,172],{"class":128},[69,72033,132],{"class":83},[69,72035,9026],{"class":146},[69,72037,537],{"class":83},[69,72039,26929],{"class":146},[69,72041,132],{"class":83},[69,72043,1226],{"class":87},[69,72045,318],{"class":83},[69,72047,72048,72050,72052,72054,72056,72058],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,72049,172],{"class":128},[69,72051,132],{"class":83},[69,72053,641],{"class":177},[69,72055,132],{"class":83},[69,72057,36535],{"class":146},[69,72059,318],{"class":83},[20,72061,72062],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[29,72064,72065,72071],{},[32,72066,72067,72070],{},[15,72068,72069],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[32,72072,72073,72076],{},[15,72074,72075],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,72078,72079,72080,72083],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,72081,72082],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[55,72085,2519],{"id":2518},[377,72087,72089],{"id":72088},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,72091,72092,72093,72095],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,72094,13454],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[377,72097,72099],{"id":72098},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,72101,72102,72104,72105,72107,72108,537],{},[15,72103,13454],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,72106,56004],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,72109,1181],{},[377,72111,72113],{"id":72112},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,72115,72116,72117,72120],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,72118,72119],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[377,72122,72124],{"id":72123},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,72126,72127,72128,72130],{},"Python raises ",[15,72129,71209],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[55,72132,2620],{"id":2619},[29,72134,72135,72139,72144,72149,72154],{},[32,72136,72137],{},[533,72138,55990],{"href":55542},[32,72140,72141],{},[533,72142,72143],{"href":55547},"Python list remove() method",[32,72145,72146],{},[533,72147,72148],{"href":59441},"Python list index() method",[32,72150,72151],{},[533,72152,72153],{"href":51453},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[32,72155,72156],{},[533,72157,69737],{"href":69736},[2650,72159,72160],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":72162},[72163,72164,72165,72166,72167,72168,72169,72174,72180,72181,72187],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":70338,"depth":120,"text":70339},{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":70648,"depth":120,"text":70649},{"id":70777,"depth":120,"text":70778},{"id":71048,"depth":120,"text":71049},{"id":71195,"depth":120,"text":71196,"children":72170},[72171,72172,72173],{"id":71199,"depth":169,"text":71200},{"id":71337,"depth":169,"text":71338},{"id":71520,"depth":169,"text":71521},{"id":71717,"depth":120,"text":71718,"children":72175},[72176,72178],{"id":71724,"depth":169,"text":72177},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71740,"depth":169,"text":72179},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":72182},[72183,72184,72185,72186],{"id":72088,"depth":169,"text":72089},{"id":72098,"depth":169,"text":72099},{"id":72112,"depth":169,"text":72113},{"id":72123,"depth":169,"text":72124},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":70205,"description":72188},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":72195,"title":72196,"body":72197,"description":73983,"extension":2697,"meta":73984,"navigation":272,"path":73985,"seo":73986,"stem":73987,"__hash__":73988},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":72198,"toc":73965},[72199,72202,72207,72213,72215,72285,72291,72295,72300,72321,72324,72391,72393,72414,72422,72424,72443,72459,72461,72526,72528,72553,72555,72557,72622,72624,72649,72651,72665,72668,72721,72723,72744,72748,72756,72829,72831,72864,72870,72876,72967,72969,72994,73000,73089,73091,73115,73117,73121,73176,73178,73210,73213,73216,73310,73312,73345,73351,73357,73361,73368,73394,73398,73463,73465,73490,73494,73575,73577,73606,73611,73616,73622,73626,73633,73655,73659,73718,73720,73744,73753,73758,73760,73764,73793,73795,73870,73873,73887,73893,73895,73899,73902,73906,73911,73915,73924,73928,73936,73938,73962],[10,72200,72196],{"id":72201},"python-list-remove-method",[20,72203,2714,72204,72206],{},[15,72205,55550],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,72208,72209,72210,72212],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[42,72211,3198],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[55,72214,58],{"id":57},[60,72216,72218],{"className":62,"code":72217,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72219,72220,72252,72270,72280],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72221,72222,72224,72226,72228,72230,72232,72234,72236,72238,72240,72242,72244,72246,72248,72250],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72223,1252],{"class":75},[69,72225,80],{"class":79},[69,72227,84],{"class":83},[69,72229,871],{"class":699},[69,72231,874],{"class":703},[69,72233,871],{"class":699},[69,72235,91],{"class":83},[69,72237,881],{"class":699},[69,72239,893],{"class":703},[69,72241,871],{"class":699},[69,72243,91],{"class":83},[69,72245,881],{"class":699},[69,72247,33911],{"class":703},[69,72249,871],{"class":699},[69,72251,117],{"class":83},[69,72253,72254,72256,72258,72260,72262,72264,72266,72268],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,72255,8497],{"class":75},[69,72257,537],{"class":83},[69,72259,35485],{"class":146},[69,72261,132],{"class":83},[69,72263,871],{"class":699},[69,72265,893],{"class":703},[69,72267,871],{"class":699},[69,72269,166],{"class":83},[69,72271,72272,72274,72276,72278],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,72273,172],{"class":128},[69,72275,132],{"class":83},[69,72277,8497],{"class":146},[69,72279,166],{"class":83},[69,72281,72282],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,72283,72284],{"class":189},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,72286,1378,72287,72290],{},[15,72288,72289],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[55,72292,72294],{"id":72293},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,72296,72297,72299],{},[15,72298,56004],{}," is a list method that:",[29,72301,72302,72308,72313,72318],{},[32,72303,72304,72305,72307],{},"Deletes the ",[42,72306,30597],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[32,72309,72310,72311],{},"Changes the original list ",[42,72312,12023],{},[32,72314,2523,72315,72317],{},[42,72316,5334],{}," return a new list",[32,72319,72320],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,72322,72323],{},"This is important for beginners:",[60,72325,72327],{"className":62,"code":72326,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,72328,72329,72349,72367,72371,72381],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72330,72331,72333,72335,72337,72339,72341,72343,72345,72347],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72332,76],{"class":75},[69,72334,80],{"class":79},[69,72336,84],{"class":83},[69,72338,88],{"class":87},[69,72340,91],{"class":83},[69,72342,94],{"class":87},[69,72344,91],{"class":83},[69,72346,99],{"class":87},[69,72348,117],{"class":83},[69,72350,72351,72353,72355,72357,72359,72361,72363,72365],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,72352,123],{"class":75},[69,72354,80],{"class":79},[69,72356,163],{"class":75},[69,72358,537],{"class":83},[69,72360,35485],{"class":146},[69,72362,132],{"class":83},[69,72364,1155],{"class":87},[69,72366,166],{"class":83},[69,72368,72369],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,72370,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,72372,72373,72375,72377,72379],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,72374,172],{"class":128},[69,72376,132],{"class":83},[69,72378,4366],{"class":146},[69,72380,166],{"class":83},[69,72382,72383,72385,72387,72389],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,72384,172],{"class":128},[69,72386,132],{"class":83},[69,72388,183],{"class":146},[69,72390,166],{"class":83},[20,72392,321],{},[60,72394,72396],{"className":62,"code":72395,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,72397,72398,72410],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72399,72400,72402,72404,72406,72408],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72401,331],{"class":83},[69,72403,88],{"class":87},[69,72405,91],{"class":83},[69,72407,99],{"class":87},[69,72409,117],{"class":83},[69,72411,72412],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,72413,12499],{"class":1203},[20,72415,72416,72417,72419,72420,537],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,72418,56004],{}," itself returned ",[15,72421,1181],{},[55,72423,6131],{"id":6130},[60,72425,72427],{"className":62,"code":72426,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,72428,72429],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72430,72431,72433,72435,72437,72439,72441],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72432,178],{"class":177},[69,72434,537],{"class":83},[69,72436,35485],{"class":146},[69,72438,132],{"class":83},[69,72440,3198],{"class":146},[69,72442,166],{"class":83},[29,72444,72445,72450,72453],{},[32,72446,72447,72449],{},[15,72448,3198],{}," is the item you want to delete",[32,72451,72452],{},"Python searches from left to right",[32,72454,72455,72456,72458],{},"Only the ",[42,72457,30597],{}," matching value is removed",[20,72460,234],{},[60,72462,72464],{"className":62,"code":72463,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72465,72466,72498,72516],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72467,72468,72470,72472,72474,72476,72478,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488,72490,72492,72494,72496],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72469,36780],{"class":75},[69,72471,80],{"class":79},[69,72473,84],{"class":83},[69,72475,871],{"class":699},[69,72477,533],{"class":703},[69,72479,871],{"class":699},[69,72481,91],{"class":83},[69,72483,881],{"class":699},[69,72485,5465],{"class":703},[69,72487,871],{"class":699},[69,72489,91],{"class":83},[69,72491,881],{"class":699},[69,72493,10425],{"class":703},[69,72495,871],{"class":699},[69,72497,117],{"class":83},[69,72499,72500,72502,72504,72506,72508,72510,72512,72514],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,72501,36833],{"class":75},[69,72503,537],{"class":83},[69,72505,35485],{"class":146},[69,72507,132],{"class":83},[69,72509,871],{"class":699},[69,72511,5465],{"class":703},[69,72513,871],{"class":699},[69,72515,166],{"class":83},[69,72517,72518,72520,72522,72524],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,72519,172],{"class":128},[69,72521,132],{"class":83},[69,72523,36833],{"class":146},[69,72525,166],{"class":83},[20,72527,321],{},[60,72529,72531],{"className":62,"code":72530,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72532,72533],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72534,72535,72537,72539,72541,72543,72545,72547,72549,72551],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72536,331],{"class":83},[69,72538,706],{"class":699},[69,72540,533],{"class":703},[69,72542,706],{"class":699},[69,72544,91],{"class":83},[69,72546,700],{"class":699},[69,72548,10425],{"class":703},[69,72550,706],{"class":699},[69,72552,117],{"class":83},[55,72554,6485],{"id":6484},[20,72556,65652],{},[60,72558,72560],{"className":62,"code":72559,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72561,72562,72594,72612],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72563,72564,72566,72568,72570,72572,72574,72576,72578,72580,72582,72584,72586,72588,72590,72592],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72565,13768],{"class":75},[69,72567,80],{"class":79},[69,72569,84],{"class":83},[69,72571,871],{"class":699},[69,72573,13785],{"class":703},[69,72575,871],{"class":699},[69,72577,91],{"class":83},[69,72579,881],{"class":699},[69,72581,13802],{"class":703},[69,72583,871],{"class":699},[69,72585,91],{"class":83},[69,72587,881],{"class":699},[69,72589,18145],{"class":703},[69,72591,871],{"class":699},[69,72593,117],{"class":83},[69,72595,72596,72598,72600,72602,72604,72606,72608,72610],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,72597,18192],{"class":75},[69,72599,537],{"class":83},[69,72601,35485],{"class":146},[69,72603,132],{"class":83},[69,72605,871],{"class":699},[69,72607,13802],{"class":703},[69,72609,871],{"class":699},[69,72611,166],{"class":83},[69,72613,72614,72616,72618,72620],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,72615,172],{"class":128},[69,72617,132],{"class":83},[69,72619,18192],{"class":146},[69,72621,166],{"class":83},[20,72623,321],{},[60,72625,72627],{"className":62,"code":72626,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72628,72629],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72630,72631,72633,72635,72637,72639,72641,72643,72645,72647],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72632,331],{"class":83},[69,72634,706],{"class":699},[69,72636,13785],{"class":703},[69,72638,706],{"class":699},[69,72640,91],{"class":83},[69,72642,700],{"class":699},[69,72644,18145],{"class":703},[69,72646,706],{"class":699},[69,72648,117],{"class":83},[20,72650,12374],{},[29,72652,72653,72656,72662],{},[32,72654,72655],{},"A list is created with three values",[32,72657,72658,72661],{},[15,72659,72660],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[32,72663,72664],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72666,72667],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[60,72669,72671],{"className":62,"code":72670,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72672,72673,72697,72711],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72674,72675,72677,72679,72681,72683,72685,72687,72689,72691,72693,72695],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72676,5768],{"class":75},[69,72678,80],{"class":79},[69,72680,84],{"class":83},[69,72682,444],{"class":87},[69,72684,91],{"class":83},[69,72686,454],{"class":87},[69,72688,91],{"class":83},[69,72690,8482],{"class":87},[69,72692,91],{"class":83},[69,72694,51317],{"class":87},[69,72696,117],{"class":83},[69,72698,72699,72701,72703,72705,72707,72709],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,72700,17080],{"class":75},[69,72702,537],{"class":83},[69,72704,35485],{"class":146},[69,72706,132],{"class":83},[69,72708,37532],{"class":87},[69,72710,166],{"class":83},[69,72712,72713,72715,72717,72719],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,72714,172],{"class":128},[69,72716,132],{"class":83},[69,72718,17080],{"class":146},[69,72720,166],{"class":83},[20,72722,321],{},[60,72724,72726],{"className":62,"code":72725,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72727,72728],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72729,72730,72732,72734,72736,72738,72740,72742],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72731,331],{"class":83},[69,72733,444],{"class":87},[69,72735,91],{"class":83},[69,72737,454],{"class":87},[69,72739,91],{"class":83},[69,72741,51317],{"class":87},[69,72743,117],{"class":83},[55,72745,72747],{"id":72746},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72749,65642,72750,72752,72753,72755],{},[15,72751,56004],{}," deletes only the ",[42,72754,30597],{}," one.",[60,72757,72759],{"className":62,"code":72758,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72760,72761,72801,72819],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72762,72763,72765,72767,72769,72771,72773,72775,72777,72779,72781,72783,72785,72787,72789,72791,72793,72795,72797,72799],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72764,1252],{"class":75},[69,72766,80],{"class":79},[69,72768,84],{"class":83},[69,72770,871],{"class":699},[69,72772,874],{"class":703},[69,72774,871],{"class":699},[69,72776,91],{"class":83},[69,72778,881],{"class":699},[69,72780,893],{"class":703},[69,72782,871],{"class":699},[69,72784,91],{"class":83},[69,72786,881],{"class":699},[69,72788,874],{"class":703},[69,72790,871],{"class":699},[69,72792,91],{"class":83},[69,72794,881],{"class":699},[69,72796,33911],{"class":703},[69,72798,871],{"class":699},[69,72800,117],{"class":83},[69,72802,72803,72805,72807,72809,72811,72813,72815,72817],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,72804,8497],{"class":75},[69,72806,537],{"class":83},[69,72808,35485],{"class":146},[69,72810,132],{"class":83},[69,72812,871],{"class":699},[69,72814,874],{"class":703},[69,72816,871],{"class":699},[69,72818,166],{"class":83},[69,72820,72821,72823,72825,72827],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,72822,172],{"class":128},[69,72824,132],{"class":83},[69,72826,8497],{"class":146},[69,72828,166],{"class":83},[20,72830,321],{},[60,72832,72834],{"className":62,"code":72833,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72835,72836],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72837,72838,72840,72842,72844,72846,72848,72850,72852,72854,72856,72858,72860,72862],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72839,331],{"class":83},[69,72841,706],{"class":699},[69,72843,893],{"class":703},[69,72845,706],{"class":699},[69,72847,91],{"class":83},[69,72849,700],{"class":699},[69,72851,874],{"class":703},[69,72853,706],{"class":699},[69,72855,91],{"class":83},[69,72857,700],{"class":699},[69,72859,33911],{"class":703},[69,72861,706],{"class":699},[69,72863,117],{"class":83},[20,72865,72866,72867,72869],{},"Only the first ",[15,72868,58309],{}," was removed.",[20,72871,72872,72873,72875],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72874,56004],{}," again:",[60,72877,72879],{"className":62,"code":72878,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72880,72881,72921,72939,72957],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72882,72883,72885,72887,72889,72891,72893,72895,72897,72899,72901,72903,72905,72907,72909,72911,72913,72915,72917,72919],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72884,1252],{"class":75},[69,72886,80],{"class":79},[69,72888,84],{"class":83},[69,72890,871],{"class":699},[69,72892,874],{"class":703},[69,72894,871],{"class":699},[69,72896,91],{"class":83},[69,72898,881],{"class":699},[69,72900,893],{"class":703},[69,72902,871],{"class":699},[69,72904,91],{"class":83},[69,72906,881],{"class":699},[69,72908,874],{"class":703},[69,72910,871],{"class":699},[69,72912,91],{"class":83},[69,72914,881],{"class":699},[69,72916,33911],{"class":703},[69,72918,871],{"class":699},[69,72920,117],{"class":83},[69,72922,72923,72925,72927,72929,72931,72933,72935,72937],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,72924,8497],{"class":75},[69,72926,537],{"class":83},[69,72928,35485],{"class":146},[69,72930,132],{"class":83},[69,72932,871],{"class":699},[69,72934,874],{"class":703},[69,72936,871],{"class":699},[69,72938,166],{"class":83},[69,72940,72941,72943,72945,72947,72949,72951,72953,72955],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,72942,8497],{"class":75},[69,72944,537],{"class":83},[69,72946,35485],{"class":146},[69,72948,132],{"class":83},[69,72950,871],{"class":699},[69,72952,874],{"class":703},[69,72954,871],{"class":699},[69,72956,166],{"class":83},[69,72958,72959,72961,72963,72965],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,72960,172],{"class":128},[69,72962,132],{"class":83},[69,72964,8497],{"class":146},[69,72966,166],{"class":83},[20,72968,321],{},[60,72970,72972],{"className":62,"code":72971,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72973,72974],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,72975,72976,72978,72980,72982,72984,72986,72988,72990,72992],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,72977,331],{"class":83},[69,72979,706],{"class":699},[69,72981,893],{"class":703},[69,72983,706],{"class":699},[69,72985,91],{"class":83},[69,72987,700],{"class":699},[69,72989,33911],{"class":703},[69,72991,706],{"class":699},[69,72993,117],{"class":83},[20,72995,72996,72997,72999],{},"If you need to remove ",[42,72998,4431],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[60,73001,73003],{"className":62,"code":73002,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73004,73005,73045,73079],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,73006,73007,73009,73011,73013,73015,73017,73019,73021,73023,73025,73027,73029,73031,73033,73035,73037,73039,73041,73043],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,73008,1252],{"class":75},[69,73010,80],{"class":79},[69,73012,84],{"class":83},[69,73014,871],{"class":699},[69,73016,874],{"class":703},[69,73018,871],{"class":699},[69,73020,91],{"class":83},[69,73022,881],{"class":699},[69,73024,893],{"class":703},[69,73026,871],{"class":699},[69,73028,91],{"class":83},[69,73030,881],{"class":699},[69,73032,874],{"class":703},[69,73034,871],{"class":699},[69,73036,91],{"class":83},[69,73038,881],{"class":699},[69,73040,33911],{"class":703},[69,73042,871],{"class":699},[69,73044,117],{"class":83},[69,73046,73047,73049,73051,73053,73055,73057,73059,73061,73064,73066,73068,73071,73073,73075,73077],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,73048,1252],{"class":75},[69,73050,80],{"class":79},[69,73052,84],{"class":83},[69,73054,29226],{"class":75},[69,73056,1514],{"class":1053},[69,73058,6658],{"class":75},[69,73060,1574],{"class":1053},[69,73062,73063],{"class":75}," items ",[69,73065,1712],{"class":1053},[69,73067,6658],{"class":75},[69,73069,73070],{"class":79},"!=",[69,73072,881],{"class":699},[69,73074,874],{"class":703},[69,73076,871],{"class":699},[69,73078,117],{"class":83},[69,73080,73081,73083,73085,73087],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,73082,172],{"class":128},[69,73084,132],{"class":83},[69,73086,8497],{"class":146},[69,73088,166],{"class":83},[20,73090,321],{},[60,73092,73093],{"className":62,"code":72971,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,73094,73095],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,73096,73097,73099,73101,73103,73105,73107,73109,73111,73113],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,73098,331],{"class":83},[69,73100,706],{"class":699},[69,73102,893],{"class":703},[69,73104,706],{"class":699},[69,73106,91],{"class":83},[69,73108,700],{"class":699},[69,73110,33911],{"class":703},[69,73112,706],{"class":699},[69,73114,117],{"class":83},[55,73116,66108],{"id":66107},[20,73118,66111,73119,537],{},[15,73120,41173],{},[60,73122,73124],{"className":62,"code":73123,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,73125,73126,73158],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,73127,73128,73130,73132,73134,73136,73138,73140,73142,73144,73146,73148,73150,73152,73154,73156],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,73129,1252],{"class":75},[69,73131,80],{"class":79},[69,73133,84],{"class":83},[69,73135,871],{"class":699},[69,73137,874],{"class":703},[69,73139,871],{"class":699},[69,73141,91],{"class":83},[69,73143,881],{"class":699},[69,73145,893],{"class":703},[69,73147,871],{"class":699},[69,73149,91],{"class":83},[69,73151,881],{"class":699},[69,73153,33911],{"class":703},[69,73155,871],{"class":699},[69,73157,117],{"class":83},[69,73159,73160,73162,73164,73166,73168,73170,73172,73174],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,73161,8497],{"class":75},[69,73163,537],{"class":83},[69,73165,35485],{"class":146},[69,73167,132],{"class":83},[69,73169,871],{"class":699},[69,73171,23222],{"class":703},[69,73173,871],{"class":699},[69,73175,166],{"class":83},[20,73177,321],{},[60,73179,73181],{"className":62,"code":73180,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,73182,73183],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,73184,73185,73187,73189,73191,73193,73195,73197,73199,73201,73203,73205,73207],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,73186,41173],{"class":177},[69,73188,143],{"class":83},[69,73190,2162],{"class":177},[69,73192,537],{"class":83},[69,73194,35485],{"class":146},[69,73196,132],{"class":83},[69,73198,2904],{"class":146},[69,73200,17143],{"class":83},[69,73202,147],{"class":75},[69,73204,5334],{"class":79},[69,73206,21864],{"class":79},[69,73208,73209],{"class":177}," list\n",[20,73211,73212],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,73214,73215],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[60,73217,73219],{"className":62,"code":73218,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,73220,73221,73253,73265,73269,73281,73296,73300],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,73222,73223,73225,73227,73229,73231,73233,73235,73237,73239,73241,73243,73245,73247,73249,73251],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,73224,1252],{"class":75},[69,73226,80],{"class":79},[69,73228,84],{"class":83},[69,73230,871],{"class":699},[69,73232,874],{"class":703},[69,73234,871],{"class":699},[69,73236,91],{"class":83},[69,73238,881],{"class":699},[69,73240,893],{"class":703},[69,73242,871],{"class":699},[69,73244,91],{"class":83},[69,73246,881],{"class":699},[69,73248,33911],{"class":703},[69,73250,871],{"class":699},[69,73252,117],{"class":83},[69,73254,73255,73257,73259,73261,73263],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,73256,3173],{"class":75},[69,73258,80],{"class":79},[69,73260,881],{"class":699},[69,73262,23222],{"class":703},[69,73264,4079],{"class":699},[69,73266,73267],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,73268,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,73270,73271,73273,73275,73277,73279],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,73272,1712],{"class":1053},[69,73274,22274],{"class":75},[69,73276,1574],{"class":79},[69,73278,1319],{"class":75},[69,73280,1579],{"class":83},[69,73282,73283,73286,73288,73290,73292,73294],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,73284,73285],{"class":75},"    items",[69,73287,537],{"class":83},[69,73289,35485],{"class":146},[69,73291,132],{"class":83},[69,73293,3198],{"class":146},[69,73295,166],{"class":83},[69,73297,73298],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,73299,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,73301,73302,73304,73306,73308],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,73303,172],{"class":128},[69,73305,132],{"class":83},[69,73307,8497],{"class":146},[69,73309,166],{"class":83},[20,73311,321],{},[60,73313,73315],{"className":62,"code":73314,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,73316,73317],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,73318,73319,73321,73323,73325,73327,73329,73331,73333,73335,73337,73339,73341,73343],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,73320,331],{"class":83},[69,73322,706],{"class":699},[69,73324,874],{"class":703},[69,73326,706],{"class":699},[69,73328,91],{"class":83},[69,73330,700],{"class":699},[69,73332,893],{"class":703},[69,73334,706],{"class":699},[69,73336,91],{"class":83},[69,73338,700],{"class":699},[69,73340,33911],{"class":703},[69,73342,706],{"class":699},[69,73344,117],{"class":83},[20,73346,73347,73348,73350],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,73349,56004],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,73352,73353,73354,537],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[533,73355,66317],{"href":73356},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[55,73358,73360],{"id":73359},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,73362,73363,5096,73365,73367],{},[15,73364,56004],{},[15,73366,13454],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[29,73369,73370,73377,73383,73389],{},[32,73371,73372,73374,73375],{},[15,73373,56004],{}," deletes by ",[42,73376,3198],{},[32,73378,73379,73374,73381],{},[15,73380,13454],{},[42,73382,36535],{},[32,73384,73385,1172,73387],{},[15,73386,56004],{},[15,73388,1181],{},[32,73390,73391,73393],{},[15,73392,13454],{}," returns the removed item",[20,73395,46512,73396,143],{},[15,73397,56004],{},[60,73399,73401],{"className":62,"code":73400,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73402,73403,73435,73453],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,73404,73405,73407,73409,73411,73413,73415,73417,73419,73421,73423,73425,73427,73429,73431,73433],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,73406,1252],{"class":75},[69,73408,80],{"class":79},[69,73410,84],{"class":83},[69,73412,871],{"class":699},[69,73414,874],{"class":703},[69,73416,871],{"class":699},[69,73418,91],{"class":83},[69,73420,881],{"class":699},[69,73422,893],{"class":703},[69,73424,871],{"class":699},[69,73426,91],{"class":83},[69,73428,881],{"class":699},[69,73430,33911],{"class":703},[69,73432,871],{"class":699},[69,73434,117],{"class":83},[69,73436,73437,73439,73441,73443,73445,73447,73449,73451],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,73438,8497],{"class":75},[69,73440,537],{"class":83},[69,73442,35485],{"class":146},[69,73444,132],{"class":83},[69,73446,871],{"class":699},[69,73448,893],{"class":703},[69,73450,871],{"class":699},[69,73452,166],{"class":83},[69,73454,73455,73457,73459,73461],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,73456,172],{"class":128},[69,73458,132],{"class":83},[69,73460,8497],{"class":146},[69,73462,166],{"class":83},[20,73464,321],{},[60,73466,73468],{"className":62,"code":73467,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73469,73470],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,73471,73472,73474,73476,73478,73480,73482,73484,73486,73488],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,73473,331],{"class":83},[69,73475,706],{"class":699},[69,73477,874],{"class":703},[69,73479,706],{"class":699},[69,73481,91],{"class":83},[69,73483,700],{"class":699},[69,73485,33911],{"class":703},[69,73487,706],{"class":699},[69,73489,117],{"class":83},[20,73491,46512,73492,143],{},[15,73493,13454],{},[60,73495,73497],{"className":62,"code":73496,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73498,73499,73531,73550,73554,73564],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,73500,73501,73503,73505,73507,73509,73511,73513,73515,73517,73519,73521,73523,73525,73527,73529],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,73502,1252],{"class":75},[69,73504,80],{"class":79},[69,73506,84],{"class":83},[69,73508,871],{"class":699},[69,73510,874],{"class":703},[69,73512,871],{"class":699},[69,73514,91],{"class":83},[69,73516,881],{"class":699},[69,73518,893],{"class":703},[69,73520,871],{"class":699},[69,73522,91],{"class":83},[69,73524,881],{"class":699},[69,73526,33911],{"class":703},[69,73528,871],{"class":699},[69,73530,117],{"class":83},[69,73532,73533,73536,73538,73540,73542,73544,73546,73548],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,73534,73535],{"class":75},"removed_item ",[69,73537,80],{"class":79},[69,73539,1319],{"class":75},[69,73541,537],{"class":83},[69,73543,26929],{"class":146},[69,73545,132],{"class":83},[69,73547,88],{"class":87},[69,73549,166],{"class":83},[69,73551,73552],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,73553,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,73555,73556,73558,73560,73562],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,73557,172],{"class":128},[69,73559,132],{"class":83},[69,73561,8497],{"class":146},[69,73563,166],{"class":83},[69,73565,73566,73568,73570,73573],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,73567,172],{"class":128},[69,73569,132],{"class":83},[69,73571,73572],{"class":146},"removed_item",[69,73574,166],{"class":83},[20,73576,321],{},[60,73578,73580],{"className":62,"code":73579,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73581,73582,73602],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,73583,73584,73586,73588,73590,73592,73594,73596,73598,73600],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,73585,331],{"class":83},[69,73587,706],{"class":699},[69,73589,874],{"class":703},[69,73591,706],{"class":699},[69,73593,91],{"class":83},[69,73595,700],{"class":699},[69,73597,33911],{"class":703},[69,73599,706],{"class":699},[69,73601,117],{"class":83},[69,73603,73604],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,73605,70884],{"class":75},[20,73607,1378,73608,73610],{},[15,73609,56004],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73612,1378,73613,73615],{},[15,73614,13454],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73617,73618,73619,537],{},"For more detail, see the ",[533,73620,73621],{"href":55554},"Python list pop() method",[55,73623,73625],{"id":73624},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73627,73628,5096,73630,73632],{},[15,73629,56004],{},[15,73631,27713],{}," are also different.",[29,73634,73635,73640,73645,73650],{},[32,73636,73637,73639],{},[15,73638,56004],{}," deletes by matching value",[32,73641,73642,73644],{},[15,73643,27713],{}," deletes by index or slice",[32,73646,1378,73647,73649],{},[15,73648,27713],{}," when you know the position",[32,73651,1378,73652,73654],{},[15,73653,56004],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73656,46512,73657,143],{},[15,73658,27713],{},[60,73660,73662],{"className":62,"code":73661,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73663,73664,73696,73708],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,73665,73666,73668,73670,73672,73674,73676,73678,73680,73682,73684,73686,73688,73690,73692,73694],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,73667,1252],{"class":75},[69,73669,80],{"class":79},[69,73671,84],{"class":83},[69,73673,871],{"class":699},[69,73675,874],{"class":703},[69,73677,871],{"class":699},[69,73679,91],{"class":83},[69,73681,881],{"class":699},[69,73683,893],{"class":703},[69,73685,871],{"class":699},[69,73687,91],{"class":83},[69,73689,881],{"class":699},[69,73691,33911],{"class":703},[69,73693,871],{"class":699},[69,73695,117],{"class":83},[69,73697,73698,73700,73702,73704,73706],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,73699,27713],{"class":1053},[69,73701,1319],{"class":75},[69,73703,331],{"class":83},[69,73705,88],{"class":87},[69,73707,117],{"class":83},[69,73709,73710,73712,73714,73716],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,73711,172],{"class":128},[69,73713,132],{"class":83},[69,73715,8497],{"class":146},[69,73717,166],{"class":83},[20,73719,321],{},[60,73721,73722],{"className":62,"code":73467,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,73723,73724],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,73725,73726,73728,73730,73732,73734,73736,73738,73740,73742],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,73727,331],{"class":83},[69,73729,706],{"class":699},[69,73731,874],{"class":703},[69,73733,706],{"class":699},[69,73735,91],{"class":83},[69,73737,700],{"class":699},[69,73739,33911],{"class":703},[69,73741,706],{"class":699},[69,73743,117],{"class":83},[20,73745,73746,73747,73749,73750,73752],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73748,88],{},", not the value ",[15,73751,65752],{}," directly.",[20,73754,73755,73756,537],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[533,73757,55543],{"href":55542},[55,73759,1771],{"id":1770},[20,73761,21902,73762,143],{},[15,73763,56004],{},[29,73765,73766,73769,73774,73781,73790],{},[32,73767,73768],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[32,73770,1780,73771,73773],{},[15,73772,56004],{}," to delete all matching values",[32,73775,13286,73776,73778,73779],{},[15,73777,56004],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73780,1181],{},[32,73782,840,73783,45101,73785,394,73787,73789],{},[15,73784,56004],{},[15,73786,13454],{},[15,73788,27713],{}," would be a better fit",[32,73791,73792],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73794,71984],{},[60,73796,73798],{"className":62,"code":73797,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73799,73800,73810,73824,73842,73856],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,73801,73802,73804,73806,73808],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,73803,172],{"class":128},[69,73805,132],{"class":83},[69,73807,9026],{"class":146},[69,73809,166],{"class":83},[69,73811,73812,73814,73816,73818,73820,73822],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,73813,172],{"class":128},[69,73815,132],{"class":83},[69,73817,3173],{"class":146},[69,73819,1574],{"class":1053},[69,73821,9082],{"class":146},[69,73823,166],{"class":83},[69,73825,73826,73828,73830,73832,73834,73836,73838,73840],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,73827,172],{"class":128},[69,73829,132],{"class":83},[69,73831,9026],{"class":146},[69,73833,537],{"class":83},[69,73835,41729],{"class":146},[69,73837,132],{"class":83},[69,73839,3198],{"class":146},[69,73841,318],{"class":83},[69,73843,73844,73846,73848,73850,73852,73854],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,73845,172],{"class":128},[69,73847,132],{"class":83},[69,73849,641],{"class":177},[69,73851,132],{"class":83},[69,73853,9026],{"class":146},[69,73855,318],{"class":83},[69,73857,73858,73860,73862,73864,73866,73868],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,73859,32842],{"class":128},[69,73861,132],{"class":83},[69,73863,178],{"class":177},[69,73865,537],{"class":83},[69,73867,35485],{"class":25438},[69,73869,166],{"class":83},[20,73871,73872],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[29,73874,73875,73878,73881,73884],{},[32,73876,73877],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[32,73879,73880],{},"How many times does it appear?",[32,73882,73883],{},"Am I working with a list?",[32,73885,73886],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73888,73889,73890,73892],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[533,73891,72148],{"href":59441}," may also help.",[55,73894,2519],{"id":2518},[377,73896,73898],{"id":73897},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73900,73901],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[377,73903,73905],{"id":73904},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73907,5849,73908,73910],{},[15,73909,1181],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[377,73912,73914],{"id":73913},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73916,73917,73918,73921,73922,537],{},"Check with ",[15,73919,73920],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73923,56004],{},[377,73925,73927],{"id":73926},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73929,1378,73930,73932,73933,73935],{},[15,73931,56004],{}," for a value and ",[15,73934,13454],{}," for an index.",[55,73937,2620],{"id":2619},[29,73939,73940,73944,73948,73952,73956],{},[32,73941,73942],{},[533,73943,55990],{"href":55542},[32,73945,73946],{},[533,73947,73621],{"href":55554},[32,73949,73950],{},[533,73951,72148],{"href":59441},[32,73953,73954],{},[533,73955,66317],{"href":73356},[32,73957,73958],{},[533,73959,73961],{"href":73960},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2650,73963,73964],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":73966},[73967,73968,73969,73970,73971,73972,73973,73974,73975,73976,73982],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":72293,"depth":120,"text":72294},{"id":6130,"depth":120,"text":6131},{"id":6484,"depth":120,"text":6485},{"id":72746,"depth":120,"text":72747},{"id":66107,"depth":120,"text":66108},{"id":73359,"depth":120,"text":73360},{"id":73624,"depth":120,"text":73625},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":73977},[73978,73979,73980,73981],{"id":73897,"depth":169,"text":73898},{"id":73904,"depth":169,"text":73905},{"id":73913,"depth":169,"text":73914},{"id":73926,"depth":169,"text":73927},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":72196,"description":73983},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73990,"title":73991,"body":73992,"description":75883,"extension":2697,"meta":75884,"navigation":272,"path":75885,"seo":75886,"stem":75887,"__hash__":75888},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73993,"toc":75853},[73994,74000,74006,74009,74020,74022,74071,74076,74081,74085,74100,74102,74167,74169,74210,74212,74214,74229,74231,74242,74244,74301,74303,74336,74338,74341,74390,74392,74417,74419,74435,74441,74448,74509,74511,74544,74549,74552,74632,74634,74695,74701,74705,74708,74772,74774,74799,74801,74821,74823,74872,74874,74895,74904,74907,74911,74916,74961,74963,74984,74990,74995,75003,75067,75069,75106,75112,75116,75123,75188,75190,75227,75231,75248,75258,75263,75268,75279,75286,75288,75294,75317,75320,75347,75352,75355,75456,75458,75513,75516,75623,75625,75696,75699,75725,75727,75732,75736,75744,75749,75754,75760,75765,75769,75772,75789,75792,75812,75820,75822,75850],[10,73995,54817,73997,12011],{"id":73996},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73998,73999],{},"reverse()",[20,74001,74002,74005],{},[15,74003,74004],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,74007,74008],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,74010,74011,74012,74014,74015,74019],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,74013,73999],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[533,74016,74018],{"href":74017},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[55,74021,4327],{"id":4326},[60,74023,74025],{"className":62,"code":74024,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74026,74027,74047,74058],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74028,74029,74031,74033,74035,74037,74039,74041,74043,74045],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74030,76],{"class":75},[69,74032,80],{"class":79},[69,74034,84],{"class":83},[69,74036,88],{"class":87},[69,74038,91],{"class":83},[69,74040,94],{"class":87},[69,74042,91],{"class":83},[69,74044,99],{"class":87},[69,74046,117],{"class":83},[69,74048,74049,74051,74053,74056],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,74050,4366],{"class":75},[69,74052,537],{"class":83},[69,74054,74055],{"class":146},"reverse",[69,74057,9329],{"class":83},[69,74059,74060,74062,74064,74066,74068],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,74061,172],{"class":128},[69,74063,132],{"class":83},[69,74065,4366],{"class":146},[69,74067,938],{"class":83},[69,74069,74070],{"class":189},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,74072,74073,74075],{},[15,74074,73999],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[55,74077,202,74079,205],{"id":74078},"what-listreverse-does",[15,74080,74004],{},[20,74082,74083,143],{},[15,74084,74004],{},[29,74086,74087,74090,74093,74097],{},[32,74088,74089],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[32,74091,74092],{},"Changes the original list directly",[32,74094,12113,74095],{},[15,74096,1181],{},[32,74098,74099],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,74101,234],{},[60,74103,74105],{"className":62,"code":74104,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,74106,74107,74147,74157],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74108,74109,74111,74113,74115,74117,74119,74121,74123,74125,74127,74129,74131,74133,74135,74137,74139,74141,74143,74145],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74110,36780],{"class":75},[69,74112,80],{"class":79},[69,74114,84],{"class":83},[69,74116,871],{"class":699},[69,74118,533],{"class":703},[69,74120,871],{"class":699},[69,74122,91],{"class":83},[69,74124,881],{"class":699},[69,74126,5465],{"class":703},[69,74128,871],{"class":699},[69,74130,91],{"class":83},[69,74132,881],{"class":699},[69,74134,10425],{"class":703},[69,74136,871],{"class":699},[69,74138,91],{"class":83},[69,74140,881],{"class":699},[69,74142,19458],{"class":703},[69,74144,871],{"class":699},[69,74146,117],{"class":83},[69,74148,74149,74151,74153,74155],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,74150,36833],{"class":75},[69,74152,537],{"class":83},[69,74154,74055],{"class":146},[69,74156,9329],{"class":83},[69,74158,74159,74161,74163,74165],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,74160,172],{"class":128},[69,74162,132],{"class":83},[69,74164,36833],{"class":146},[69,74166,166],{"class":83},[20,74168,321],{},[60,74170,74172],{"className":62,"code":74171,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,74173,74174],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74175,74176,74178,74180,74182,74184,74186,74188,74190,74192,74194,74196,74198,74200,74202,74204,74206,74208],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74177,331],{"class":83},[69,74179,706],{"class":699},[69,74181,19458],{"class":703},[69,74183,706],{"class":699},[69,74185,91],{"class":83},[69,74187,700],{"class":699},[69,74189,10425],{"class":703},[69,74191,706],{"class":699},[69,74193,91],{"class":83},[69,74195,700],{"class":699},[69,74197,5465],{"class":703},[69,74199,706],{"class":699},[69,74201,91],{"class":83},[69,74203,700],{"class":699},[69,74205,533],{"class":703},[69,74207,706],{"class":699},[69,74209,117],{"class":83},[55,74211,2888],{"id":2887},[20,74213,354],{},[60,74215,74217],{"className":62,"code":74216,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,74218,74219],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74220,74221,74223,74225,74227],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74222,9026],{"class":75},[69,74224,537],{"class":83},[69,74226,74055],{"class":146},[69,74228,9329],{"class":83},[20,74230,13744],{},[29,74232,74233,74236,74239],{},[32,74234,74235],{},"No arguments are needed",[32,74237,74238],{},"You call it on an existing list",[32,74240,74241],{},"It only works on lists",[20,74243,234],{},[60,74245,74247],{"className":62,"code":74246,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,74248,74249,74281,74291],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74250,74251,74253,74255,74257,74259,74261,74263,74265,74267,74269,74271,74273,74275,74277,74279],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74252,13768],{"class":75},[69,74254,80],{"class":79},[69,74256,84],{"class":83},[69,74258,871],{"class":699},[69,74260,13785],{"class":703},[69,74262,871],{"class":699},[69,74264,91],{"class":83},[69,74266,881],{"class":699},[69,74268,18145],{"class":703},[69,74270,871],{"class":699},[69,74272,91],{"class":83},[69,74274,881],{"class":699},[69,74276,13802],{"class":703},[69,74278,871],{"class":699},[69,74280,117],{"class":83},[69,74282,74283,74285,74287,74289],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,74284,18192],{"class":75},[69,74286,537],{"class":83},[69,74288,74055],{"class":146},[69,74290,9329],{"class":83},[69,74292,74293,74295,74297,74299],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,74294,172],{"class":128},[69,74296,132],{"class":83},[69,74298,18192],{"class":146},[69,74300,166],{"class":83},[20,74302,321],{},[60,74304,74306],{"className":62,"code":74305,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,74307,74308],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74309,74310,74312,74314,74316,74318,74320,74322,74324,74326,74328,74330,74332,74334],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74311,331],{"class":83},[69,74313,706],{"class":699},[69,74315,13802],{"class":703},[69,74317,706],{"class":699},[69,74319,91],{"class":83},[69,74321,700],{"class":699},[69,74323,18145],{"class":703},[69,74325,706],{"class":699},[69,74327,91],{"class":83},[69,74329,700],{"class":699},[69,74331,13785],{"class":703},[69,74333,706],{"class":699},[69,74335,117],{"class":83},[55,74337,12165],{"id":12164},[20,74339,74340],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[60,74342,74344],{"className":62,"code":74343,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74345,74346,74370,74380],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74347,74348,74350,74352,74354,74356,74358,74360,74362,74364,74366,74368],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74349,76],{"class":75},[69,74351,80],{"class":79},[69,74353,84],{"class":83},[69,74355,444],{"class":87},[69,74357,91],{"class":83},[69,74359,454],{"class":87},[69,74361,91],{"class":83},[69,74363,8482],{"class":87},[69,74365,91],{"class":83},[69,74367,51317],{"class":87},[69,74369,117],{"class":83},[69,74371,74372,74374,74376,74378],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,74373,4366],{"class":75},[69,74375,537],{"class":83},[69,74377,74055],{"class":146},[69,74379,9329],{"class":83},[69,74381,74382,74384,74386,74388],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,74383,172],{"class":128},[69,74385,132],{"class":83},[69,74387,4366],{"class":146},[69,74389,166],{"class":83},[20,74391,321],{},[60,74393,74395],{"className":62,"code":74394,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74396,74397],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74398,74399,74401,74403,74405,74407,74409,74411,74413,74415],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74400,331],{"class":83},[69,74402,57168],{"class":87},[69,74404,91],{"class":83},[69,74406,8482],{"class":87},[69,74408,91],{"class":83},[69,74410,454],{"class":87},[69,74412,91],{"class":83},[69,74414,6701],{"class":87},[69,74416,117],{"class":83},[20,74418,12374],{},[29,74420,74421,74427,74432],{},[32,74422,74423,74424],{},"The list starts as ",[15,74425,74426],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[32,74428,74429,74431],{},[15,74430,73999],{}," flips the order",[32,74433,74434],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[55,74436,74438,74440],{"id":74437},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,74439,73999],{}," changes the original list",[20,74442,74443,74444,74447],{},"This method is ",[42,74445,74446],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[60,74449,74451],{"className":62,"code":74450,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,74452,74453,74485,74495,74499],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74454,74455,74457,74459,74461,74463,74465,74467,74469,74471,74473,74475,74477,74479,74481,74483],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74456,36929],{"class":75},[69,74458,80],{"class":79},[69,74460,84],{"class":83},[69,74462,871],{"class":699},[69,74464,874],{"class":703},[69,74466,871],{"class":699},[69,74468,91],{"class":83},[69,74470,881],{"class":699},[69,74472,893],{"class":703},[69,74474,871],{"class":699},[69,74476,91],{"class":83},[69,74478,881],{"class":699},[69,74480,4800],{"class":703},[69,74482,871],{"class":699},[69,74484,117],{"class":83},[69,74486,74487,74489,74491,74493],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,74488,36981],{"class":75},[69,74490,537],{"class":83},[69,74492,74055],{"class":146},[69,74494,9329],{"class":83},[69,74496,74497],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,74498,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,74500,74501,74503,74505,74507],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,74502,172],{"class":128},[69,74504,132],{"class":83},[69,74506,36981],{"class":146},[69,74508,166],{"class":83},[20,74510,321],{},[60,74512,74514],{"className":62,"code":74513,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74515,74516],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74517,74518,74520,74522,74524,74526,74528,74530,74532,74534,74536,74538,74540,74542],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74519,331],{"class":83},[69,74521,706],{"class":699},[69,74523,4800],{"class":703},[69,74525,706],{"class":699},[69,74527,91],{"class":83},[69,74529,700],{"class":699},[69,74531,893],{"class":703},[69,74533,706],{"class":699},[69,74535,91],{"class":83},[69,74537,700],{"class":699},[69,74539,874],{"class":703},[69,74541,706],{"class":699},[69,74543,117],{"class":83},[20,74545,1378,74546,74548],{},[15,74547,73999],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74550,74551],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[60,74553,74555],{"className":62,"code":74554,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74556,74557,74589,74607,74611,74621],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74558,74559,74561,74563,74565,74567,74569,74571,74573,74575,74577,74579,74581,74583,74585,74587],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74560,36929],{"class":75},[69,74562,80],{"class":79},[69,74564,84],{"class":83},[69,74566,871],{"class":699},[69,74568,874],{"class":703},[69,74570,871],{"class":699},[69,74572,91],{"class":83},[69,74574,881],{"class":699},[69,74576,893],{"class":703},[69,74578,871],{"class":699},[69,74580,91],{"class":83},[69,74582,881],{"class":699},[69,74584,4800],{"class":703},[69,74586,871],{"class":699},[69,74588,117],{"class":83},[69,74590,74591,74594,74596,74598,74601,74603,74605],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,74592,74593],{"class":75},"reversed_fruits ",[69,74595,80],{"class":79},[69,74597,53326],{"class":75},[69,74599,74600],{"class":83},"[::",[69,74602,1972],{"class":79},[69,74604,88],{"class":87},[69,74606,117],{"class":83},[69,74608,74609],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,74610,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,74612,74613,74615,74617,74619],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,74614,172],{"class":128},[69,74616,132],{"class":83},[69,74618,36981],{"class":146},[69,74620,166],{"class":83},[69,74622,74623,74625,74627,74630],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,74624,172],{"class":128},[69,74626,132],{"class":83},[69,74628,74629],{"class":146},"reversed_fruits",[69,74631,166],{"class":83},[20,74633,321],{},[60,74635,74637],{"className":62,"code":74636,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74638,74639,74667],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74640,74641,74643,74645,74647,74649,74651,74653,74655,74657,74659,74661,74663,74665],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74642,331],{"class":83},[69,74644,706],{"class":699},[69,74646,874],{"class":703},[69,74648,706],{"class":699},[69,74650,91],{"class":83},[69,74652,700],{"class":699},[69,74654,893],{"class":703},[69,74656,706],{"class":699},[69,74658,91],{"class":83},[69,74660,700],{"class":699},[69,74662,4800],{"class":703},[69,74664,706],{"class":699},[69,74666,117],{"class":83},[69,74668,74669,74671,74673,74675,74677,74679,74681,74683,74685,74687,74689,74691,74693],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,74670,331],{"class":83},[69,74672,706],{"class":699},[69,74674,4800],{"class":703},[69,74676,706],{"class":699},[69,74678,91],{"class":83},[69,74680,700],{"class":699},[69,74682,893],{"class":703},[69,74684,706],{"class":699},[69,74686,91],{"class":83},[69,74688,700],{"class":699},[69,74690,874],{"class":703},[69,74692,706],{"class":699},[69,74694,117],{"class":83},[20,74696,74697,74698,537],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[533,74699,74700],{"href":74017},"Python list slicing explained",[55,74702,74704],{"id":74703},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74706,74707],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[60,74709,74711],{"className":62,"code":74710,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74712,74713,74733,74747,74751,74762],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74714,74715,74717,74719,74721,74723,74725,74727,74729,74731],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74716,76],{"class":75},[69,74718,80],{"class":79},[69,74720,84],{"class":83},[69,74722,88],{"class":87},[69,74724,91],{"class":83},[69,74726,94],{"class":87},[69,74728,91],{"class":83},[69,74730,99],{"class":87},[69,74732,117],{"class":83},[69,74734,74735,74737,74739,74741,74743,74745],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,74736,56365],{"class":75},[69,74738,80],{"class":79},[69,74740,163],{"class":75},[69,74742,537],{"class":83},[69,74744,74055],{"class":146},[69,74746,9329],{"class":83},[69,74748,74749],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,74750,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,74752,74753,74755,74757,74760],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,74754,172],{"class":128},[69,74756,132],{"class":83},[69,74758,74759],{"class":146},"new_list",[69,74761,166],{"class":83},[69,74763,74764,74766,74768,74770],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,74765,172],{"class":128},[69,74767,132],{"class":83},[69,74769,4366],{"class":146},[69,74771,166],{"class":83},[20,74773,321],{},[60,74775,74777],{"className":62,"code":74776,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74778,74779,74783],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74780,74781],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74782,12499],{"class":1203},[69,74784,74785,74787,74789,74791,74793,74795,74797],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,74786,331],{"class":83},[69,74788,346],{"class":87},[69,74790,91],{"class":83},[69,74792,94],{"class":87},[69,74794,91],{"class":83},[69,74796,1263],{"class":87},[69,74798,117],{"class":83},[20,74800,12591],{},[29,74802,74803,74811,74815],{},[32,74804,74805,74807,74808,74810],{},[15,74806,73999],{}," changes ",[15,74809,4366],{}," directly",[32,74812,41375,74813,72317],{},[42,74814,5334],{},[32,74816,54128,74817,42625,74819],{},[15,74818,74759],{},[15,74820,1181],{},[20,74822,62375],{},[60,74824,74826],{"className":62,"code":74825,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74827,74828,74848,74858,74862],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74829,74830,74832,74834,74836,74838,74840,74842,74844,74846],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74831,76],{"class":75},[69,74833,80],{"class":79},[69,74835,84],{"class":83},[69,74837,88],{"class":87},[69,74839,91],{"class":83},[69,74841,94],{"class":87},[69,74843,91],{"class":83},[69,74845,99],{"class":87},[69,74847,117],{"class":83},[69,74849,74850,74852,74854,74856],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,74851,4366],{"class":75},[69,74853,537],{"class":83},[69,74855,74055],{"class":146},[69,74857,9329],{"class":83},[69,74859,74860],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,74861,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,74863,74864,74866,74868,74870],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,74865,172],{"class":128},[69,74867,132],{"class":83},[69,74869,4366],{"class":146},[69,74871,166],{"class":83},[20,74873,321],{},[60,74875,74877],{"className":62,"code":74876,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74878,74879],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74880,74881,74883,74885,74887,74889,74891,74893],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74882,331],{"class":83},[69,74884,346],{"class":87},[69,74886,91],{"class":83},[69,74888,94],{"class":87},[69,74890,91],{"class":83},[69,74892,1263],{"class":87},[69,74894,117],{"class":83},[55,74896,74898,11272,74900,74903],{"id":74897},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74899,73999],{},[15,74901,74902],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74905,74906],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[377,74908,74909],{"id":74055},[15,74910,73999],{},[20,74912,74913,74915],{},[15,74914,73999],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[60,74917,74919],{"className":62,"code":74918,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74920,74921,74941,74951],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74922,74923,74925,74927,74929,74931,74933,74935,74937,74939],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74924,76],{"class":75},[69,74926,80],{"class":79},[69,74928,84],{"class":83},[69,74930,346],{"class":87},[69,74932,91],{"class":83},[69,74934,1263],{"class":87},[69,74936,91],{"class":83},[69,74938,94],{"class":87},[69,74940,117],{"class":83},[69,74942,74943,74945,74947,74949],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,74944,4366],{"class":75},[69,74946,537],{"class":83},[69,74948,74055],{"class":146},[69,74950,9329],{"class":83},[69,74952,74953,74955,74957,74959],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,74954,172],{"class":128},[69,74956,132],{"class":83},[69,74958,4366],{"class":146},[69,74960,166],{"class":83},[20,74962,321],{},[60,74964,74966],{"className":62,"code":74965,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74967,74968],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,74969,74970,74972,74974,74976,74978,74980,74982],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,74971,331],{"class":83},[69,74973,1155],{"class":87},[69,74975,91],{"class":83},[69,74977,1263],{"class":87},[69,74979,91],{"class":83},[69,74981,99],{"class":87},[69,74983,117],{"class":83},[20,74985,74986,74987,74989],{},"Notice that this is ",[42,74988,5334],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[377,74991,74993],{"id":74992},"sorted",[15,74994,74902],{},[20,74996,74997,75002],{},[533,74998,75000],{"href":74999},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,75001,74902],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[60,75004,75006],{"className":62,"code":75005,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,75007,75008,75028,75043,75047,75057],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,75009,75010,75012,75014,75016,75018,75020,75022,75024,75026],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,75011,76],{"class":75},[69,75013,80],{"class":79},[69,75015,84],{"class":83},[69,75017,346],{"class":87},[69,75019,91],{"class":83},[69,75021,1263],{"class":87},[69,75023,91],{"class":83},[69,75025,94],{"class":87},[69,75027,117],{"class":83},[69,75029,75030,75032,75034,75037,75039,75041],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,75031,123],{"class":75},[69,75033,80],{"class":79},[69,75035,75036],{"class":128}," sorted",[69,75038,132],{"class":83},[69,75040,4366],{"class":146},[69,75042,166],{"class":83},[69,75044,75045],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,75046,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,75048,75049,75051,75053,75055],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,75050,172],{"class":128},[69,75052,132],{"class":83},[69,75054,4366],{"class":146},[69,75056,166],{"class":83},[69,75058,75059,75061,75063,75065],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,75060,172],{"class":128},[69,75062,132],{"class":83},[69,75064,183],{"class":146},[69,75066,166],{"class":83},[20,75068,321],{},[60,75070,75072],{"className":62,"code":75071,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75073,75074,75090],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,75075,75076,75078,75080,75082,75084,75086,75088],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,75077,331],{"class":83},[69,75079,346],{"class":87},[69,75081,91],{"class":83},[69,75083,1263],{"class":87},[69,75085,91],{"class":83},[69,75087,94],{"class":87},[69,75089,117],{"class":83},[69,75091,75092,75094,75096,75098,75100,75102,75104],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,75093,331],{"class":83},[69,75095,88],{"class":87},[69,75097,91],{"class":83},[69,75099,94],{"class":87},[69,75101,91],{"class":83},[69,75103,99],{"class":87},[69,75105,117],{"class":83},[20,75107,75108,75109,537],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,75110,75111],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[377,75113,75115],{"id":75114},"slicing","Slicing",[20,75117,75118,75119,75122],{},"Slicing with ",[15,75120,75121],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[60,75124,75126],{"className":62,"code":75125,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,75127,75128,75148,75164,75168,75178],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,75129,75130,75132,75134,75136,75138,75140,75142,75144,75146],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,75131,76],{"class":75},[69,75133,80],{"class":79},[69,75135,84],{"class":83},[69,75137,346],{"class":87},[69,75139,91],{"class":83},[69,75141,1263],{"class":87},[69,75143,91],{"class":83},[69,75145,94],{"class":87},[69,75147,117],{"class":83},[69,75149,75150,75152,75154,75156,75158,75160,75162],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,75151,123],{"class":75},[69,75153,80],{"class":79},[69,75155,163],{"class":75},[69,75157,74600],{"class":83},[69,75159,1972],{"class":79},[69,75161,88],{"class":87},[69,75163,117],{"class":83},[69,75165,75166],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,75167,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,75169,75170,75172,75174,75176],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,75171,172],{"class":128},[69,75173,132],{"class":83},[69,75175,4366],{"class":146},[69,75177,166],{"class":83},[69,75179,75180,75182,75184,75186],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,75181,172],{"class":128},[69,75183,132],{"class":83},[69,75185,183],{"class":146},[69,75187,166],{"class":83},[20,75189,321],{},[60,75191,75193],{"className":62,"code":75192,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,75194,75195,75211],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,75196,75197,75199,75201,75203,75205,75207,75209],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,75198,331],{"class":83},[69,75200,346],{"class":87},[69,75202,91],{"class":83},[69,75204,1263],{"class":87},[69,75206,91],{"class":83},[69,75208,94],{"class":87},[69,75210,117],{"class":83},[69,75212,75213,75215,75217,75219,75221,75223,75225],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,75214,331],{"class":83},[69,75216,1155],{"class":87},[69,75218,91],{"class":83},[69,75220,1263],{"class":87},[69,75222,91],{"class":83},[69,75224,99],{"class":87},[69,75226,117],{"class":83},[377,75228,75230],{"id":75229},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[29,75232,75233,75238,75243],{},[32,75234,1378,75235,75237],{},[15,75236,73999],{}," when you want to change the original list",[32,75239,1378,75240,75242],{},[15,75241,75121],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[32,75244,1378,75245,75247],{},[15,75246,74902],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,75249,75250,75251,75257],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[533,75252,75254,75255,11428],{"href":75253},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,75256,64789],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[55,75259,1373,75261],{"id":75260},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,75262,73999],{},[20,75264,75265,75267],{},[15,75266,73999],{}," is a good choice:",[29,75269,75270,75273,75276],{},[32,75271,75272],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[32,75274,75275],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[32,75277,75278],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,75280,75281,75282,537],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[533,75283,75285],{"href":75284},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[55,75287,1771],{"id":1770},[20,75289,75290,75291,75293],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,75292,73999],{}," for these reasons:",[29,75295,75296,75300,75305,75310],{},[32,75297,13286,75298,13289],{},[15,75299,73999],{},[32,75301,1780,75302,75304],{},[15,75303,73999],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[32,75306,840,75307,75309],{},[15,75308,73999],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[32,75311,2309,75312,843,75314],{},[15,75313,73999],{},[15,75315,75316],{},"reversed()",[20,75318,75319],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[60,75321,75323],{"className":62,"code":75322,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,75324,75325,75337],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,75326,75327,75329,75331,75333,75335],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,75328,35378],{"class":75},[69,75330,80],{"class":79},[69,75332,881],{"class":699},[69,75334,1275],{"class":703},[69,75336,4079],{"class":699},[69,75338,75339,75341,75343,75345],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,75340,35399],{"class":75},[69,75342,537],{"class":83},[69,75344,74055],{"class":146},[69,75346,9329],{"class":83},[20,75348,75349,75350,34291],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,75351,73999],{},[20,75353,75354],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[60,75356,75358],{"className":62,"code":75357,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75359,75360,75380,75384,75394,75408,75412,75426,75436,75440],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,75361,75362,75364,75366,75368,75370,75372,75374,75376,75378],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,75363,8995],{"class":75},[69,75365,80],{"class":79},[69,75367,84],{"class":83},[69,75369,88],{"class":87},[69,75371,91],{"class":83},[69,75373,94],{"class":87},[69,75375,91],{"class":83},[69,75377,99],{"class":87},[69,75379,117],{"class":83},[69,75381,75382],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,75383,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,75385,75386,75388,75390,75392],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,75387,172],{"class":128},[69,75389,132],{"class":83},[69,75391,9026],{"class":146},[69,75393,166],{"class":83},[69,75395,75396,75398,75400,75402,75404,75406],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,75397,172],{"class":128},[69,75399,132],{"class":83},[69,75401,641],{"class":177},[69,75403,132],{"class":83},[69,75405,9026],{"class":146},[69,75407,318],{"class":83},[69,75409,75410],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,75411,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,75413,75414,75416,75418,75420,75422,75424],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,75415,123],{"class":75},[69,75417,80],{"class":79},[69,75419,9082],{"class":75},[69,75421,537],{"class":83},[69,75423,74055],{"class":146},[69,75425,9329],{"class":83},[69,75427,75428,75430,75432,75434],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,75429,172],{"class":128},[69,75431,132],{"class":83},[69,75433,183],{"class":146},[69,75435,166],{"class":83},[69,75437,75438],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,75439,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,75441,75442,75444,75446,75448,75450,75452,75454],{"class":71,"line":7120},[69,75443,172],{"class":128},[69,75445,132],{"class":83},[69,75447,9026],{"class":146},[69,75449,74600],{"class":83},[69,75451,1972],{"class":79},[69,75453,88],{"class":87},[69,75455,618],{"class":83},[20,75457,321],{},[60,75459,75461],{"className":62,"code":75460,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,75462,75463,75479,75493,75497],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,75464,75465,75467,75469,75471,75473,75475,75477],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,75466,331],{"class":83},[69,75468,88],{"class":87},[69,75470,91],{"class":83},[69,75472,94],{"class":87},[69,75474,91],{"class":83},[69,75476,99],{"class":87},[69,75478,117],{"class":83},[69,75480,75481,75483,75485,75487,75489,75491],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,75482,674],{"class":79},[69,75484,696],{"class":135},[69,75486,700],{"class":699},[69,75488,178],{"class":703},[69,75490,706],{"class":699},[69,75492,689],{"class":79},[69,75494,75495],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,75496,12499],{"class":1203},[69,75498,75499,75501,75503,75505,75507,75509,75511],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,75500,331],{"class":83},[69,75502,88],{"class":87},[69,75504,91],{"class":83},[69,75506,94],{"class":87},[69,75508,91],{"class":83},[69,75510,1263],{"class":87},[69,75512,117],{"class":83},[20,75514,75515],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[60,75517,75519],{"className":62,"code":75518,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75520,75521,75541,75545,75555,75569,75573,75587,75597,75607],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,75522,75523,75525,75527,75529,75531,75533,75535,75537,75539],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,75524,8995],{"class":75},[69,75526,80],{"class":79},[69,75528,84],{"class":83},[69,75530,88],{"class":87},[69,75532,91],{"class":83},[69,75534,94],{"class":87},[69,75536,91],{"class":83},[69,75538,99],{"class":87},[69,75540,117],{"class":83},[69,75542,75543],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,75544,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,75546,75547,75549,75551,75553],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,75548,172],{"class":128},[69,75550,132],{"class":83},[69,75552,9026],{"class":146},[69,75554,166],{"class":83},[69,75556,75557,75559,75561,75563,75565,75567],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,75558,172],{"class":128},[69,75560,132],{"class":83},[69,75562,641],{"class":177},[69,75564,132],{"class":83},[69,75566,9026],{"class":146},[69,75568,318],{"class":83},[69,75570,75571],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,75572,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,75574,75575,75577,75579,75581,75583,75585],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,75576,123],{"class":75},[69,75578,80],{"class":79},[69,75580,9082],{"class":75},[69,75582,537],{"class":83},[69,75584,74055],{"class":146},[69,75586,9329],{"class":83},[69,75588,75589,75591,75593,75595],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,75590,172],{"class":128},[69,75592,132],{"class":83},[69,75594,183],{"class":146},[69,75596,166],{"class":83},[69,75598,75599,75601,75603,75605],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,75600,172],{"class":128},[69,75602,132],{"class":83},[69,75604,9026],{"class":146},[69,75606,166],{"class":83},[69,75608,75609,75611,75613,75615,75617,75619,75621],{"class":71,"line":7120},[69,75610,172],{"class":128},[69,75612,132],{"class":83},[69,75614,9026],{"class":146},[69,75616,74600],{"class":83},[69,75618,1972],{"class":79},[69,75620,88],{"class":87},[69,75622,618],{"class":83},[20,75624,321],{},[60,75626,75628],{"className":62,"code":75627,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75629,75630,75646,75660,75664,75680],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,75631,75632,75634,75636,75638,75640,75642,75644],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,75633,331],{"class":83},[69,75635,88],{"class":87},[69,75637,91],{"class":83},[69,75639,94],{"class":87},[69,75641,91],{"class":83},[69,75643,99],{"class":87},[69,75645,117],{"class":83},[69,75647,75648,75650,75652,75654,75656,75658],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,75649,674],{"class":79},[69,75651,696],{"class":135},[69,75653,700],{"class":699},[69,75655,178],{"class":703},[69,75657,706],{"class":699},[69,75659,689],{"class":79},[69,75661,75662],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,75663,12499],{"class":1203},[69,75665,75666,75668,75670,75672,75674,75676,75678],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,75667,331],{"class":83},[69,75669,346],{"class":87},[69,75671,91],{"class":83},[69,75673,94],{"class":87},[69,75675,91],{"class":83},[69,75677,1263],{"class":87},[69,75679,117],{"class":83},[69,75681,75682,75684,75686,75688,75690,75692,75694],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,75683,331],{"class":83},[69,75685,88],{"class":87},[69,75687,91],{"class":83},[69,75689,94],{"class":87},[69,75691,91],{"class":83},[69,75693,99],{"class":87},[69,75695,117],{"class":83},[20,75697,75698],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[29,75700,75701,75710,75719],{},[32,75702,28484,75703,75706,75707],{},[15,75704,75705],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75708,75709],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[32,75711,12607,75712,75715,75716,2162],{},[15,75713,75714],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[42,75717,75718],{},"current",[32,75720,75721,75722],{},"So it prints ",[15,75723,75724],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[55,75726,2519],{"id":2518},[377,75728,2523,75730,55944],{"id":75729},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75731,74004],{},[20,75733,63080,75734,537],{},[15,75735,1181],{},[377,75737,34896,75739,34899,75741,3218],{"id":75738},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75740,73999],{},[15,75742,75743],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75745,75746,75748],{},[15,75747,73999],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75750,75751,75753],{},[15,75752,75743],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[377,75755,2551,75757,75759],{"id":75756},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75758,73999],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75761,46837,75762,75764],{},[15,75763,73999],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[377,75766,75768],{"id":75767},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75770,75771],{},"Use slicing:",[60,75773,75775],{"className":62,"code":75774,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75776,75777],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,75778,75779,75781,75783,75785,75787],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,75780,9026],{"class":75},[69,75782,74600],{"class":83},[69,75784,1972],{"class":79},[69,75786,88],{"class":87},[69,75788,117],{"class":83},[20,75790,75791],{},"Or use:",[60,75793,75795],{"className":62,"code":75794,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75796,75797],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,75798,75799,75801,75803,75806,75808,75810],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,75800,178],{"class":177},[69,75802,132],{"class":83},[69,75804,75805],{"class":128},"reversed",[69,75807,132],{"class":83},[69,75809,9026],{"class":146},[69,75811,318],{"class":83},[20,75813,75814,75815,75819],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[533,75816,55995,75817],{"href":55435},[15,75818,13468],{}," can also help.",[55,75821,2620],{"id":2619},[29,75823,75824,75830,75836,75840,75844],{},[32,75825,75826],{},[533,75827,55995,75828,11428],{"href":75253},[15,75829,64789],{},[32,75831,75832],{},[533,75833,13,75834,2515],{"href":74999},[15,75835,74902],{},[32,75837,75838],{},[533,75839,75285],{"href":75284},[32,75841,75842],{},[533,75843,74700],{"href":74017},[32,75845,75846],{},[533,75847,55995,75848,11428],{"href":55435},[15,75849,13468],{},[2650,75851,75852],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":75854},[75855,75856,75858,75859,75860,75862,75863,75870,75872,75873,75882],{"id":4326,"depth":120,"text":4327},{"id":74078,"depth":120,"text":75857},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":12164,"depth":120,"text":12165},{"id":74437,"depth":120,"text":75861},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74703,"depth":120,"text":74704},{"id":74897,"depth":120,"text":75864,"children":75865},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75866,75867,75868,75869],{"id":74055,"depth":169,"text":73999},{"id":74992,"depth":169,"text":74902},{"id":75114,"depth":169,"text":75115},{"id":75229,"depth":169,"text":75230},{"id":75260,"depth":120,"text":75871},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":75874},[75875,75877,75879,75881],{"id":75729,"depth":169,"text":75876},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75738,"depth":169,"text":75878},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75756,"depth":169,"text":75880},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75767,"depth":169,"text":75768},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73991,"description":75883},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75890,"title":75891,"body":75892,"description":78325,"extension":2697,"meta":78326,"navigation":272,"path":78327,"seo":78328,"stem":78329,"__hash__":78330},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75893,"toc":78293},[75894,75897,75909,75912,75935,75943,75945,76057,76066,76070,76073,76076,76163,76165,76198,76200,76223,76229,76233,76236,76258,76260,76277,76280,76300,76302,76412,76414,76491,76495,76498,76541,76543,76676,76678,76780,76785,76789,76792,76794,76808,76811,76925,76927,77001,77003,77031,77035,77040,77070,77073,77199,77201,77283,77289,77293,77295,77334,77343,77347,77350,77354,77401,77403,77411,77415,77466,77468,77481,77483,77497,77500,77508,77510,77557,77559,77567,77570,77613,77618,77621,77624,77647,77651,77702,77705,77726,77736,77740,77742,77772,77775,77798,77802,77805,77872,77874,77911,77914,77922,77989,77991,78028,78034,78041,78045,78048,78078,78083,78087,78090,78114,78117,78211,78221,78223,78227,78230,78234,78237,78242,78245,78251,78254,78256,78284,78290],[10,75895,75891],{"id":75896},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75898,75899,75900,2920,75902,2574,75905,75908],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75901,36762],{},[15,75903,75904],{},"stop",[15,75906,75907],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75910,75911],{},"The basic slice form is:",[60,75913,75915],{"className":62,"code":75914,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75916,75917],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,75918,75919,75921,75923,75925,75927,75929,75931,75933],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,75920,9026],{"class":75},[69,75922,331],{"class":83},[69,75924,36762],{"class":75},[69,75926,143],{"class":83},[69,75928,75904],{"class":75},[69,75930,143],{"class":83},[69,75932,75907],{"class":75},[69,75934,117],{"class":83},[20,75936,75937,75938,75940,75941,537],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75939,75904],{}," position is ",[42,75942,65547],{},[55,75944,58],{"id":57},[60,75946,75948],{"className":62,"code":75947,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75949,75950,75978,75982,76003,76021,76038],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,75951,75952,75954,75956,75958,75960,75962,75964,75966,75968,75970,75972,75974,75976],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,75953,76],{"class":75},[69,75955,80],{"class":79},[69,75957,84],{"class":83},[69,75959,444],{"class":87},[69,75961,91],{"class":83},[69,75963,454],{"class":87},[69,75965,91],{"class":83},[69,75967,8482],{"class":87},[69,75969,91],{"class":83},[69,75971,51317],{"class":87},[69,75973,91],{"class":83},[69,75975,5785],{"class":87},[69,75977,117],{"class":83},[69,75979,75980],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,75981,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,75983,75984,75986,75988,75990,75992,75994,75996,75998,76000],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,75985,172],{"class":128},[69,75987,132],{"class":83},[69,75989,4366],{"class":146},[69,75991,331],{"class":83},[69,75993,88],{"class":87},[69,75995,143],{"class":83},[69,75997,334],{"class":87},[69,75999,21137],{"class":83},[69,76001,76002],{"class":189},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[69,76004,76005,76007,76009,76011,76014,76016,76018],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,76006,172],{"class":128},[69,76008,132],{"class":83},[69,76010,4366],{"class":146},[69,76012,76013],{"class":83},"[:",[69,76015,346],{"class":87},[69,76017,21137],{"class":83},[69,76019,76020],{"class":189},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[69,76022,76023,76025,76027,76029,76031,76033,76035],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,76024,172],{"class":128},[69,76026,132],{"class":83},[69,76028,4366],{"class":146},[69,76030,74600],{"class":83},[69,76032,1155],{"class":87},[69,76034,21137],{"class":83},[69,76036,76037],{"class":189},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[69,76039,76040,76042,76044,76046,76048,76050,76052,76054],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,76041,172],{"class":128},[69,76043,132],{"class":83},[69,76045,4366],{"class":146},[69,76047,74600],{"class":83},[69,76049,1972],{"class":79},[69,76051,88],{"class":87},[69,76053,21137],{"class":83},[69,76055,76056],{"class":189},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,76058,1378,76059,76062,76063,76065],{},[15,76060,76061],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,76064,75904],{}," value is not included.",[55,76067,76069],{"id":76068},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,76071,76072],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,76074,76075],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[60,76077,76079],{"className":62,"code":76078,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,76080,76081,76129,76133,76152],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,76082,76083,76085,76087,76089,76091,76093,76095,76097,76099,76101,76103,76105,76107,76109,76111,76113,76115,76117,76119,76121,76123,76125,76127],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,76084,36780],{"class":75},[69,76086,80],{"class":79},[69,76088,84],{"class":83},[69,76090,871],{"class":699},[69,76092,533],{"class":703},[69,76094,871],{"class":699},[69,76096,91],{"class":83},[69,76098,881],{"class":699},[69,76100,5465],{"class":703},[69,76102,871],{"class":699},[69,76104,91],{"class":83},[69,76106,881],{"class":699},[69,76108,10425],{"class":703},[69,76110,871],{"class":699},[69,76112,91],{"class":83},[69,76114,881],{"class":699},[69,76116,19458],{"class":703},[69,76118,871],{"class":699},[69,76120,91],{"class":83},[69,76122,881],{"class":699},[69,76124,60924],{"class":703},[69,76126,871],{"class":699},[69,76128,117],{"class":83},[69,76130,76131],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,76132,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,76134,76135,76138,76140,76142,76144,76146,76148,76150],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,76136,76137],{"class":75},"part ",[69,76139,80],{"class":79},[69,76141,70574],{"class":75},[69,76143,331],{"class":83},[69,76145,88],{"class":87},[69,76147,143],{"class":83},[69,76149,334],{"class":87},[69,76151,117],{"class":83},[69,76153,76154,76156,76158,76161],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,76155,172],{"class":128},[69,76157,132],{"class":83},[69,76159,76160],{"class":146},"part",[69,76162,166],{"class":83},[20,76164,321],{},[60,76166,76168],{"className":62,"code":76167,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76169,76170],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,76171,76172,76174,76176,76178,76180,76182,76184,76186,76188,76190,76192,76194,76196],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,76173,331],{"class":83},[69,76175,706],{"class":699},[69,76177,5465],{"class":703},[69,76179,706],{"class":699},[69,76181,91],{"class":83},[69,76183,700],{"class":699},[69,76185,10425],{"class":703},[69,76187,706],{"class":699},[69,76189,91],{"class":83},[69,76191,700],{"class":699},[69,76193,19458],{"class":703},[69,76195,706],{"class":699},[69,76197,117],{"class":83},[20,76199,13744],{},[29,76201,76202,76205,76208,76214,76220],{},[32,76203,76204],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[32,76206,76207],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[32,76209,76210,76211],{},"Basic form: ",[15,76212,76213],{},"list[start:stop]",[32,76215,76216,76217,76219],{},"The item at ",[15,76218,75904],{}," is not included",[32,76221,76222],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,76224,76225,76226,537],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[533,76227,76228],{"href":51453},"beginner guide to Python lists",[55,76230,76232],{"id":76231},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,76234,76235],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[60,76237,76238],{"className":62,"code":75914,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,76239,76240],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,76241,76242,76244,76246,76248,76250,76252,76254,76256],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,76243,9026],{"class":75},[69,76245,331],{"class":83},[69,76247,36762],{"class":75},[69,76249,143],{"class":83},[69,76251,75904],{"class":75},[69,76253,143],{"class":83},[69,76255,75907],{"class":75},[69,76257,117],{"class":83},[20,76259,65523],{},[29,76261,76262,76267,76272],{},[32,76263,76264,76266],{},[15,76265,36762],{}," is where slicing begins",[32,76268,76269,76271],{},[15,76270,75904],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[32,76273,76274,76276],{},[15,76275,75907],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,76278,76279],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[29,76281,76282,76288,76293],{},[32,76283,76284,76285,76287],{},"Missing ",[15,76286,36762],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[32,76289,76284,76290,76292],{},[15,76291,75904],{}," means go to the end of the list",[32,76294,76284,76295,76297,76298],{},[15,76296,75907],{}," means use ",[15,76299,88],{},[20,76301,234],{},[60,76303,76305],{"className":62,"code":76304,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,76306,76307,76335,76339,76360,76377,76395],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,76308,76309,76311,76313,76315,76317,76319,76321,76323,76325,76327,76329,76331,76333],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,76310,76],{"class":75},[69,76312,80],{"class":79},[69,76314,84],{"class":83},[69,76316,444],{"class":87},[69,76318,91],{"class":83},[69,76320,454],{"class":87},[69,76322,91],{"class":83},[69,76324,8482],{"class":87},[69,76326,91],{"class":83},[69,76328,51317],{"class":87},[69,76330,91],{"class":83},[69,76332,5785],{"class":87},[69,76334,117],{"class":83},[69,76336,76337],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,76338,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,76340,76341,76343,76345,76347,76349,76351,76353,76355,76357],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,76342,172],{"class":128},[69,76344,132],{"class":83},[69,76346,4366],{"class":146},[69,76348,331],{"class":83},[69,76350,88],{"class":87},[69,76352,143],{"class":83},[69,76354,334],{"class":87},[69,76356,21137],{"class":83},[69,76358,76359],{"class":189},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[69,76361,76362,76364,76366,76368,76370,76372,76374],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,76363,172],{"class":128},[69,76365,132],{"class":83},[69,76367,4366],{"class":146},[69,76369,76013],{"class":83},[69,76371,346],{"class":87},[69,76373,21137],{"class":83},[69,76375,76376],{"class":189},"    # start from the beginning\n",[69,76378,76379,76381,76383,76385,76387,76389,76392],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,76380,172],{"class":128},[69,76382,132],{"class":83},[69,76384,4366],{"class":146},[69,76386,331],{"class":83},[69,76388,1155],{"class":87},[69,76390,76391],{"class":83},":])",[69,76393,76394],{"class":189},"    # go to the end\n",[69,76396,76397,76399,76401,76403,76405,76407,76409],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,76398,172],{"class":128},[69,76400,132],{"class":83},[69,76402,4366],{"class":146},[69,76404,74600],{"class":83},[69,76406,88],{"class":87},[69,76408,21137],{"class":83},[69,76410,76411],{"class":189},"   # step of 1\n",[20,76413,321],{},[60,76415,76417],{"className":62,"code":76416,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,76418,76419,76435,76451,76467],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,76420,76421,76423,76425,76427,76429,76431,76433],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,76422,331],{"class":83},[69,76424,522],{"class":87},[69,76426,91],{"class":83},[69,76428,8482],{"class":87},[69,76430,91],{"class":83},[69,76432,51317],{"class":87},[69,76434,117],{"class":83},[69,76436,76437,76439,76441,76443,76445,76447,76449],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,76438,331],{"class":83},[69,76440,444],{"class":87},[69,76442,91],{"class":83},[69,76444,454],{"class":87},[69,76446,91],{"class":83},[69,76448,8482],{"class":87},[69,76450,117],{"class":83},[69,76452,76453,76455,76457,76459,76461,76463,76465],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,76454,331],{"class":83},[69,76456,37532],{"class":87},[69,76458,91],{"class":83},[69,76460,51317],{"class":87},[69,76462,91],{"class":83},[69,76464,5785],{"class":87},[69,76466,117],{"class":83},[69,76468,76469,76471,76473,76475,76477,76479,76481,76483,76485,76487,76489],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,76470,331],{"class":83},[69,76472,444],{"class":87},[69,76474,91],{"class":83},[69,76476,454],{"class":87},[69,76478,91],{"class":83},[69,76480,8482],{"class":87},[69,76482,91],{"class":83},[69,76484,51317],{"class":87},[69,76486,91],{"class":83},[69,76488,5785],{"class":87},[69,76490,117],{"class":83},[55,76492,76494],{"id":76493},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76496,76497],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[29,76499,76500,76509,76518,76529,76535],{},[32,76501,76502,76505,76506,1319],{},[15,76503,76504],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76507,76508],{},"n",[32,76510,76511,76514,76515,76517],{},[15,76512,76513],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76516,76508],{}," to the end",[32,76519,76520,76523,76524,76526,76527],{},[15,76521,76522],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76525,533],{}," up to ",[15,76528,5465],{},[32,76530,76531,76534],{},[15,76532,76533],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[32,76536,76537,76540],{},[15,76538,76539],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,76542,234],{},[60,76544,76546],{"className":62,"code":76545,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76547,76548,76581,76585,76602,76619,76640,76657],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,76549,76550,76552,76554,76556,76558,76560,76562,76564,76566,76568,76570,76572,76574,76576,76579],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,76551,76],{"class":75},[69,76553,80],{"class":79},[69,76555,84],{"class":83},[69,76557,444],{"class":87},[69,76559,91],{"class":83},[69,76561,454],{"class":87},[69,76563,91],{"class":83},[69,76565,8482],{"class":87},[69,76567,91],{"class":83},[69,76569,51317],{"class":87},[69,76571,91],{"class":83},[69,76573,5785],{"class":87},[69,76575,91],{"class":83},[69,76577,76578],{"class":87}," 60",[69,76580,117],{"class":83},[69,76582,76583],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,76584,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,76586,76587,76589,76591,76593,76595,76597,76599],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,76588,172],{"class":128},[69,76590,132],{"class":83},[69,76592,4366],{"class":146},[69,76594,76013],{"class":83},[69,76596,346],{"class":87},[69,76598,21137],{"class":83},[69,76600,76601],{"class":189},"    # first 3 items\n",[69,76603,76604,76606,76608,76610,76612,76614,76616],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,76605,172],{"class":128},[69,76607,132],{"class":83},[69,76609,4366],{"class":146},[69,76611,331],{"class":83},[69,76613,346],{"class":87},[69,76615,76391],{"class":83},[69,76617,76618],{"class":189},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[69,76620,76621,76623,76625,76627,76629,76631,76633,76635,76637],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,76622,172],{"class":128},[69,76624,132],{"class":83},[69,76626,4366],{"class":146},[69,76628,331],{"class":83},[69,76630,88],{"class":87},[69,76632,143],{"class":83},[69,76634,2866],{"class":87},[69,76636,21137],{"class":83},[69,76638,76639],{"class":189},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[69,76641,76642,76644,76646,76648,76650,76652,76654],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,76643,172],{"class":128},[69,76645,132],{"class":83},[69,76647,4366],{"class":146},[69,76649,74600],{"class":83},[69,76651,1155],{"class":87},[69,76653,21137],{"class":83},[69,76655,76656],{"class":189},"   # every second item\n",[69,76658,76659,76661,76663,76665,76667,76669,76671,76673],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,76660,172],{"class":128},[69,76662,132],{"class":83},[69,76664,4366],{"class":146},[69,76666,74600],{"class":83},[69,76668,1972],{"class":79},[69,76670,88],{"class":87},[69,76672,21137],{"class":83},[69,76674,76675],{"class":189},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76677,321],{},[60,76679,76681],{"className":62,"code":76680,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76682,76683,76699,76715,76735,76751],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,76684,76685,76687,76689,76691,76693,76695,76697],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,76686,331],{"class":83},[69,76688,444],{"class":87},[69,76690,91],{"class":83},[69,76692,454],{"class":87},[69,76694,91],{"class":83},[69,76696,8482],{"class":87},[69,76698,117],{"class":83},[69,76700,76701,76703,76705,76707,76709,76711,76713],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,76702,331],{"class":83},[69,76704,57168],{"class":87},[69,76706,91],{"class":83},[69,76708,5785],{"class":87},[69,76710,91],{"class":83},[69,76712,76578],{"class":87},[69,76714,117],{"class":83},[69,76716,76717,76719,76721,76723,76725,76727,76729,76731,76733],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,76718,331],{"class":83},[69,76720,522],{"class":87},[69,76722,91],{"class":83},[69,76724,8482],{"class":87},[69,76726,91],{"class":83},[69,76728,51317],{"class":87},[69,76730,91],{"class":83},[69,76732,5785],{"class":87},[69,76734,117],{"class":83},[69,76736,76737,76739,76741,76743,76745,76747,76749],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,76738,331],{"class":83},[69,76740,444],{"class":87},[69,76742,91],{"class":83},[69,76744,8482],{"class":87},[69,76746,91],{"class":83},[69,76748,5785],{"class":87},[69,76750,117],{"class":83},[69,76752,76753,76755,76758,76760,76762,76764,76766,76768,76770,76772,76774,76776,76778],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,76754,331],{"class":83},[69,76756,76757],{"class":87},"60",[69,76759,91],{"class":83},[69,76761,5785],{"class":87},[69,76763,91],{"class":83},[69,76765,51317],{"class":87},[69,76767,91],{"class":83},[69,76769,8482],{"class":87},[69,76771,91],{"class":83},[69,76773,454],{"class":87},[69,76775,91],{"class":83},[69,76777,6701],{"class":87},[69,76779,117],{"class":83},[20,76781,76782,76783,537],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[533,76784,15580],{"href":57695},[55,76786,76788],{"id":76787},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76790,76791],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76793,6172],{},[29,76795,76796,76802],{},[32,76797,76798,76801],{},[15,76799,76800],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[32,76803,76804,76807],{},[15,76805,76806],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76809,76810],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[60,76812,76814],{"className":62,"code":76813,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76815,76816,76864,76868,76887,76906],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,76817,76818,76820,76822,76824,76826,76828,76830,76832,76834,76836,76838,76840,76842,76844,76846,76848,76850,76852,76854,76856,76858,76860,76862],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,76819,36780],{"class":75},[69,76821,80],{"class":79},[69,76823,84],{"class":83},[69,76825,871],{"class":699},[69,76827,533],{"class":703},[69,76829,871],{"class":699},[69,76831,91],{"class":83},[69,76833,881],{"class":699},[69,76835,5465],{"class":703},[69,76837,871],{"class":699},[69,76839,91],{"class":83},[69,76841,881],{"class":699},[69,76843,10425],{"class":703},[69,76845,871],{"class":699},[69,76847,91],{"class":83},[69,76849,881],{"class":699},[69,76851,19458],{"class":703},[69,76853,871],{"class":699},[69,76855,91],{"class":83},[69,76857,881],{"class":699},[69,76859,60924],{"class":703},[69,76861,871],{"class":699},[69,76863,117],{"class":83},[69,76865,76866],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,76867,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,76869,76870,76872,76874,76876,76878,76880,76882,76884],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,76871,172],{"class":128},[69,76873,132],{"class":83},[69,76875,36833],{"class":146},[69,76877,331],{"class":83},[69,76879,1972],{"class":79},[69,76881,88],{"class":87},[69,76883,21137],{"class":83},[69,76885,76886],{"class":189},"    # last item\n",[69,76888,76889,76891,76893,76895,76897,76899,76901,76903],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,76890,172],{"class":128},[69,76892,132],{"class":83},[69,76894,36833],{"class":146},[69,76896,331],{"class":83},[69,76898,1972],{"class":79},[69,76900,346],{"class":87},[69,76902,76391],{"class":83},[69,76904,76905],{"class":189},"   # last 3 items\n",[69,76907,76908,76910,76912,76914,76916,76918,76920,76922],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,76909,172],{"class":128},[69,76911,132],{"class":83},[69,76913,36833],{"class":146},[69,76915,76013],{"class":83},[69,76917,1972],{"class":79},[69,76919,88],{"class":87},[69,76921,21137],{"class":83},[69,76923,76924],{"class":189},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76926,321],{},[60,76928,76930],{"className":62,"code":76929,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76931,76932,76937,76965],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,76933,76934],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,76935,76936],{"class":75},"e\n",[69,76938,76939,76941,76943,76945,76947,76949,76951,76953,76955,76957,76959,76961,76963],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,76940,331],{"class":83},[69,76942,706],{"class":699},[69,76944,10425],{"class":703},[69,76946,706],{"class":699},[69,76948,91],{"class":83},[69,76950,700],{"class":699},[69,76952,19458],{"class":703},[69,76954,706],{"class":699},[69,76956,91],{"class":83},[69,76958,700],{"class":699},[69,76960,60924],{"class":703},[69,76962,706],{"class":699},[69,76964,117],{"class":83},[69,76966,76967,76969,76971,76973,76975,76977,76979,76981,76983,76985,76987,76989,76991,76993,76995,76997,76999],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,76968,331],{"class":83},[69,76970,706],{"class":699},[69,76972,533],{"class":703},[69,76974,706],{"class":699},[69,76976,91],{"class":83},[69,76978,700],{"class":699},[69,76980,5465],{"class":703},[69,76982,706],{"class":699},[69,76984,91],{"class":83},[69,76986,700],{"class":699},[69,76988,10425],{"class":703},[69,76990,706],{"class":699},[69,76992,91],{"class":83},[69,76994,700],{"class":699},[69,76996,19458],{"class":703},[69,76998,706],{"class":699},[69,77000,117],{"class":83},[20,77002,13744],{},[29,77004,77005,77008,77012,77018,77024],{},[32,77006,77007],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[32,77009,77010,76801],{},[15,77011,76800],{},[32,77013,77014,77017],{},[15,77015,77016],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[32,77019,77020,77023],{},[15,77021,77022],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[32,77025,77026,77027,5096,77029],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,77028,36762],{},[15,77030,75904],{},[55,77032,77034],{"id":77033},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,77036,2714,77037,77039],{},[15,77038,75907],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[29,77041,77042,77045,77048,77053,77063],{},[32,77043,77044],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[32,77046,77047],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[32,77049,77050,77052],{},[15,77051,76539],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[32,77054,9561,77055,77057,77058,77060,77061],{},[15,77056,75907],{}," is negative, ",[15,77059,36762],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,77062,75904],{},[32,77064,77065,77067,77068],{},[15,77066,75907],{}," cannot be ",[15,77069,1226],{},[20,77071,77072],{},"Example with different step values:",[60,77074,77076],{"className":62,"code":77075,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,77077,77078,77110,77114,77131,77153,77172],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77079,77080,77082,77084,77086,77088,77090,77092,77094,77096,77098,77100,77102,77104,77106,77108],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77081,76],{"class":75},[69,77083,80],{"class":79},[69,77085,84],{"class":83},[69,77087,444],{"class":87},[69,77089,91],{"class":83},[69,77091,454],{"class":87},[69,77093,91],{"class":83},[69,77095,8482],{"class":87},[69,77097,91],{"class":83},[69,77099,51317],{"class":87},[69,77101,91],{"class":83},[69,77103,5785],{"class":87},[69,77105,91],{"class":83},[69,77107,76578],{"class":87},[69,77109,117],{"class":83},[69,77111,77112],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,77113,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,77115,77116,77118,77120,77122,77124,77126,77128],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,77117,172],{"class":128},[69,77119,132],{"class":83},[69,77121,4366],{"class":146},[69,77123,74600],{"class":83},[69,77125,1155],{"class":87},[69,77127,21137],{"class":83},[69,77129,77130],{"class":189},"     # every second item\n",[69,77132,77133,77135,77137,77139,77141,77143,77146,77148,77150],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,77134,172],{"class":128},[69,77136,132],{"class":83},[69,77138,4366],{"class":146},[69,77140,331],{"class":83},[69,77142,88],{"class":87},[69,77144,77145],{"class":83},"::",[69,77147,1155],{"class":87},[69,77149,21137],{"class":83},[69,77151,77152],{"class":189},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[69,77154,77155,77157,77159,77161,77163,77165,77167,77169],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,77156,172],{"class":128},[69,77158,132],{"class":83},[69,77160,4366],{"class":146},[69,77162,74600],{"class":83},[69,77164,1972],{"class":79},[69,77166,88],{"class":87},[69,77168,21137],{"class":83},[69,77170,77171],{"class":189},"    # reverse the list\n",[69,77173,77174,77176,77178,77180,77182,77184,77186,77188,77190,77192,77194,77196],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,77175,172],{"class":128},[69,77177,132],{"class":83},[69,77179,4366],{"class":146},[69,77181,331],{"class":83},[69,77183,334],{"class":87},[69,77185,143],{"class":83},[69,77187,88],{"class":87},[69,77189,143],{"class":83},[69,77191,1972],{"class":79},[69,77193,88],{"class":87},[69,77195,21137],{"class":83},[69,77197,77198],{"class":189},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,77200,321],{},[60,77202,77204],{"className":62,"code":77203,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,77205,77206,77222,77238,77266],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77207,77208,77210,77212,77214,77216,77218,77220],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77209,331],{"class":83},[69,77211,444],{"class":87},[69,77213,91],{"class":83},[69,77215,8482],{"class":87},[69,77217,91],{"class":83},[69,77219,5785],{"class":87},[69,77221,117],{"class":83},[69,77223,77224,77226,77228,77230,77232,77234,77236],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,77225,331],{"class":83},[69,77227,522],{"class":87},[69,77229,91],{"class":83},[69,77231,51317],{"class":87},[69,77233,91],{"class":83},[69,77235,76578],{"class":87},[69,77237,117],{"class":83},[69,77239,77240,77242,77244,77246,77248,77250,77252,77254,77256,77258,77260,77262,77264],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,77241,331],{"class":83},[69,77243,76757],{"class":87},[69,77245,91],{"class":83},[69,77247,5785],{"class":87},[69,77249,91],{"class":83},[69,77251,51317],{"class":87},[69,77253,91],{"class":83},[69,77255,8482],{"class":87},[69,77257,91],{"class":83},[69,77259,454],{"class":87},[69,77261,91],{"class":83},[69,77263,6701],{"class":87},[69,77265,117],{"class":83},[69,77267,77268,77270,77273,77275,77277,77279,77281],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,77269,331],{"class":83},[69,77271,77272],{"class":87},"50",[69,77274,91],{"class":83},[69,77276,51317],{"class":87},[69,77278,91],{"class":83},[69,77280,8482],{"class":87},[69,77282,117],{"class":83},[20,77284,77285,77286,537],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[533,77287,77288],{"href":75284},"how to reverse a list in Python",[377,77290,77292],{"id":77291},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,77294,3562],{},[60,77296,77298],{"className":62,"code":77297,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77299,77300,77320],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77301,77302,77304,77306,77308,77310,77312,77314,77316,77318],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77303,76],{"class":75},[69,77305,80],{"class":79},[69,77307,84],{"class":83},[69,77309,88],{"class":87},[69,77311,91],{"class":83},[69,77313,94],{"class":87},[69,77315,91],{"class":83},[69,77317,99],{"class":87},[69,77319,117],{"class":83},[69,77321,77322,77324,77326,77328,77330,77332],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,77323,172],{"class":128},[69,77325,132],{"class":83},[69,77327,4366],{"class":146},[69,77329,74600],{"class":83},[69,77331,1226],{"class":87},[69,77333,618],{"class":83},[20,77335,77336,77337,77339,77340,77342],{},"Python raises a ",[15,77338,41173],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,77341,1226],{}," does not make sense.",[55,77344,77346],{"id":77345},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,77348,77349],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[377,77351,77353],{"id":77352},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[60,77355,77357],{"className":62,"code":77356,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,77358,77359,77383,77387],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77360,77361,77363,77365,77367,77369,77371,77373,77375,77377,77379,77381],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77362,76],{"class":75},[69,77364,80],{"class":79},[69,77366,84],{"class":83},[69,77368,444],{"class":87},[69,77370,91],{"class":83},[69,77372,454],{"class":87},[69,77374,91],{"class":83},[69,77376,8482],{"class":87},[69,77378,91],{"class":83},[69,77380,51317],{"class":87},[69,77382,117],{"class":83},[69,77384,77385],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,77386,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,77388,77389,77391,77393,77395,77397,77399],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,77390,172],{"class":128},[69,77392,132],{"class":83},[69,77394,4366],{"class":146},[69,77396,331],{"class":83},[69,77398,1155],{"class":87},[69,77400,618],{"class":83},[20,77402,321],{},[60,77404,77405],{"className":62,"code":70318,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,77406,77407],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77408,77409],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77410,70318],{"class":87},[377,77412,77414],{"id":77413},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[60,77416,77418],{"className":62,"code":77417,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,77419,77420,77444,77448],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77421,77422,77424,77426,77428,77430,77432,77434,77436,77438,77440,77442],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77423,76],{"class":75},[69,77425,80],{"class":79},[69,77427,84],{"class":83},[69,77429,444],{"class":87},[69,77431,91],{"class":83},[69,77433,454],{"class":87},[69,77435,91],{"class":83},[69,77437,8482],{"class":87},[69,77439,91],{"class":83},[69,77441,51317],{"class":87},[69,77443,117],{"class":83},[69,77445,77446],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,77447,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,77449,77450,77452,77454,77456,77458,77460,77462,77464],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,77451,172],{"class":128},[69,77453,132],{"class":83},[69,77455,4366],{"class":146},[69,77457,331],{"class":83},[69,77459,1155],{"class":87},[69,77461,143],{"class":83},[69,77463,346],{"class":87},[69,77465,618],{"class":83},[20,77467,321],{},[60,77469,77471],{"className":62,"code":77470,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[30]\n",[15,77472,77473],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77474,77475,77477,77479],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77476,331],{"class":83},[69,77478,37532],{"class":87},[69,77480,117],{"class":83},[20,77482,14455],{},[29,77484,77485,77491],{},[32,77486,77487,77490],{},[15,77488,77489],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[32,77492,77493,77496],{},[15,77494,77495],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77498,77499],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[29,77501,77502,77505],{},[32,77503,77504],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[32,77506,77507],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,77509,234],{},[60,77511,77513],{"className":62,"code":77512,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77514,77515,77535,77539],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77516,77517,77519,77521,77523,77525,77527,77529,77531,77533],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77518,76],{"class":75},[69,77520,80],{"class":79},[69,77522,84],{"class":83},[69,77524,444],{"class":87},[69,77526,91],{"class":83},[69,77528,454],{"class":87},[69,77530,91],{"class":83},[69,77532,8482],{"class":87},[69,77534,117],{"class":83},[69,77536,77537],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,77538,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,77540,77541,77543,77545,77547,77549,77551,77553,77555],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,77542,172],{"class":128},[69,77544,132],{"class":83},[69,77546,4366],{"class":146},[69,77548,331],{"class":83},[69,77550,2866],{"class":87},[69,77552,143],{"class":83},[69,77554,444],{"class":87},[69,77556,618],{"class":83},[20,77558,321],{},[60,77560,77561],{"className":62,"code":833,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,77562,77563],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77564,77565],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77566,833],{"class":83},[20,77568,77569],{},"But this would raise an error:",[60,77571,77573],{"className":62,"code":77572,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77574,77575,77595,77599],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77576,77577,77579,77581,77583,77585,77587,77589,77591,77593],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77578,76],{"class":75},[69,77580,80],{"class":79},[69,77582,84],{"class":83},[69,77584,444],{"class":87},[69,77586,91],{"class":83},[69,77588,454],{"class":87},[69,77590,91],{"class":83},[69,77592,8482],{"class":87},[69,77594,117],{"class":83},[69,77596,77597],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,77598,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,77600,77601,77603,77605,77607,77609,77611],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,77602,172],{"class":128},[69,77604,132],{"class":83},[69,77606,4366],{"class":146},[69,77608,331],{"class":83},[69,77610,2866],{"class":87},[69,77612,618],{"class":83},[20,77614,77615,77616,537],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[533,77617,69737],{"href":69736},[55,77619,15869],{"id":77620},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77622,77623],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[29,77625,77626,77630,77632,77635,77641],{},[32,77627,5408,77628,76219],{},[15,77629,75904],{},[32,77631,61169],{},[32,77633,77634],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[32,77636,2309,77637,843,77639],{},[15,77638,76539],{},[15,77640,74004],{},[32,77642,77643,77644,77646],{},"Using step ",[15,77645,1226],{},", which causes an error",[377,77648,77650],{"id":77649},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[60,77652,77654],{"className":62,"code":77653,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77655,77656,77684],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77657,77658,77660,77662,77664,77666,77668,77670,77672,77674,77676,77678,77680,77682],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77659,76],{"class":75},[69,77661,80],{"class":79},[69,77663,84],{"class":83},[69,77665,444],{"class":87},[69,77667,91],{"class":83},[69,77669,454],{"class":87},[69,77671,91],{"class":83},[69,77673,8482],{"class":87},[69,77675,91],{"class":83},[69,77677,51317],{"class":87},[69,77679,91],{"class":83},[69,77681,5785],{"class":87},[69,77683,117],{"class":83},[69,77685,77686,77688,77690,77692,77694,77696,77698,77700],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,77687,172],{"class":128},[69,77689,132],{"class":83},[69,77691,4366],{"class":146},[69,77693,331],{"class":83},[69,77695,88],{"class":87},[69,77697,143],{"class":83},[69,77699,334],{"class":87},[69,77701,618],{"class":83},[20,77703,77704],{},"This returns:",[60,77706,77708],{"className":62,"code":77707,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77709,77710],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77711,77712,77714,77716,77718,77720,77722,77724],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77713,331],{"class":83},[69,77715,522],{"class":87},[69,77717,91],{"class":83},[69,77719,8482],{"class":87},[69,77721,91],{"class":83},[69,77723,51317],{"class":87},[69,77725,117],{"class":83},[20,77727,41375,77728,77730,77731,77733,77734,537],{},[42,77729,5334],{}," include ",[15,77732,77272],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77735,334],{},[377,77737,77739],{"id":77738},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77741,2235],{},[60,77743,77745],{"className":62,"code":77744,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77746,77747,77767],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77748,77749,77751,77753,77755,77757,77759,77761,77763,77765],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77750,76],{"class":75},[69,77752,80],{"class":79},[69,77754,84],{"class":83},[69,77756,444],{"class":87},[69,77758,91],{"class":83},[69,77760,454],{"class":87},[69,77762,91],{"class":83},[69,77764,8482],{"class":87},[69,77766,117],{"class":83},[69,77768,77769],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,77770,77771],{"class":189},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77773,77774],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[60,77776,77778],{"className":62,"code":77777,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77779,77780],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77781,77782,77784,77786,77788,77790,77792,77794,77796],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77783,172],{"class":128},[69,77785,132],{"class":83},[69,77787,4366],{"class":146},[69,77789,331],{"class":83},[69,77791,88],{"class":87},[69,77793,143],{"class":83},[69,77795,346],{"class":87},[69,77797,618],{"class":83},[377,77799,77801],{"id":77800},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77803,77804],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[60,77806,77808],{"className":62,"code":77807,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77809,77810,77834,77848,77852,77862],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77811,77812,77814,77816,77818,77820,77822,77824,77826,77828,77830,77832],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77813,76],{"class":75},[69,77815,80],{"class":79},[69,77817,84],{"class":83},[69,77819,444],{"class":87},[69,77821,91],{"class":83},[69,77823,454],{"class":87},[69,77825,91],{"class":83},[69,77827,8482],{"class":87},[69,77829,91],{"class":83},[69,77831,51317],{"class":87},[69,77833,117],{"class":83},[69,77835,77836,77838,77840,77842,77844,77846],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,77837,76137],{"class":75},[69,77839,80],{"class":79},[69,77841,163],{"class":75},[69,77843,76013],{"class":83},[69,77845,1155],{"class":87},[69,77847,117],{"class":83},[69,77849,77850],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,77851,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,77853,77854,77856,77858,77860],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,77855,172],{"class":128},[69,77857,132],{"class":83},[69,77859,76160],{"class":146},[69,77861,166],{"class":83},[69,77863,77864,77866,77868,77870],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,77865,172],{"class":128},[69,77867,132],{"class":83},[69,77869,4366],{"class":146},[69,77871,166],{"class":83},[20,77873,321],{},[60,77875,77877],{"className":62,"code":77876,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77878,77879,77891],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77880,77881,77883,77885,77887,77889],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77882,331],{"class":83},[69,77884,444],{"class":87},[69,77886,91],{"class":83},[69,77888,454],{"class":87},[69,77890,117],{"class":83},[69,77892,77893,77895,77897,77899,77901,77903,77905,77907,77909],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,77894,331],{"class":83},[69,77896,444],{"class":87},[69,77898,91],{"class":83},[69,77900,454],{"class":87},[69,77902,91],{"class":83},[69,77904,8482],{"class":87},[69,77906,91],{"class":83},[69,77908,51317],{"class":87},[69,77910,117],{"class":83},[20,77912,77913],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[377,77915,77917,77918,843,77920],{"id":77916},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77919,76539],{},[15,77921,74004],{},[60,77923,77925],{"className":62,"code":77924,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77926,77927,77947,77951,77968,77979],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77928,77929,77931,77933,77935,77937,77939,77941,77943,77945],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77930,76],{"class":75},[69,77932,80],{"class":79},[69,77934,84],{"class":83},[69,77936,444],{"class":87},[69,77938,91],{"class":83},[69,77940,454],{"class":87},[69,77942,91],{"class":83},[69,77944,8482],{"class":87},[69,77946,117],{"class":83},[69,77948,77949],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,77950,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,77952,77953,77956,77958,77960,77962,77964,77966],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,77954,77955],{"class":75},"reversed_copy ",[69,77957,80],{"class":79},[69,77959,163],{"class":75},[69,77961,74600],{"class":83},[69,77963,1972],{"class":79},[69,77965,88],{"class":87},[69,77967,117],{"class":83},[69,77969,77970,77972,77974,77977],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,77971,172],{"class":128},[69,77973,132],{"class":83},[69,77975,77976],{"class":146},"reversed_copy",[69,77978,166],{"class":83},[69,77980,77981,77983,77985,77987],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,77982,172],{"class":128},[69,77984,132],{"class":83},[69,77986,4366],{"class":146},[69,77988,166],{"class":83},[20,77990,321],{},[60,77992,77994],{"className":62,"code":77993,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77995,77996,78012],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,77997,77998,78000,78002,78004,78006,78008,78010],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,77999,331],{"class":83},[69,78001,37532],{"class":87},[69,78003,91],{"class":83},[69,78005,454],{"class":87},[69,78007,91],{"class":83},[69,78009,6701],{"class":87},[69,78011,117],{"class":83},[69,78013,78014,78016,78018,78020,78022,78024,78026],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,78015,331],{"class":83},[69,78017,444],{"class":87},[69,78019,91],{"class":83},[69,78021,454],{"class":87},[69,78023,91],{"class":83},[69,78025,8482],{"class":87},[69,78027,117],{"class":83},[20,78029,78030,78033],{},[15,78031,78032],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,78035,78036,78037,78040],{},"By contrast, ",[15,78038,78039],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[377,78042,78044],{"id":78043},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,78046,78047],{},"This is not allowed:",[60,78049,78051],{"className":62,"code":78050,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,78052,78053,78073],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78054,78055,78057,78059,78061,78063,78065,78067,78069,78071],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78056,76],{"class":75},[69,78058,80],{"class":79},[69,78060,84],{"class":83},[69,78062,444],{"class":87},[69,78064,91],{"class":83},[69,78066,454],{"class":87},[69,78068,91],{"class":83},[69,78070,8482],{"class":87},[69,78072,117],{"class":83},[69,78074,78075],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,78076,78077],{"class":189},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,78079,78080,78081,537],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,78082,41173],{},[55,78084,78086],{"id":78085},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,78088,78089],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[29,78091,78092,78099,78105,78108,78111],{},[32,78093,2309,78094,5096,78096,78098],{},[15,78095,36762],{},[15,78097,75904],{}," positions",[32,78100,78101,78102,78104],{},"Assuming the ",[15,78103,75904],{}," index is included",[32,78106,78107],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[32,78109,78110],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[32,78112,78113],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,78115,78116],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[60,78118,78120],{"className":62,"code":78119,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,78121,78122,78132,78146,78164,78178,78195],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78123,78124,78126,78128,78130],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78125,172],{"class":128},[69,78127,132],{"class":83},[69,78129,9026],{"class":146},[69,78131,166],{"class":83},[69,78133,78134,78136,78138,78140,78142,78144],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,78135,172],{"class":128},[69,78137,132],{"class":83},[69,78139,11850],{"class":128},[69,78141,132],{"class":83},[69,78143,9026],{"class":146},[69,78145,318],{"class":83},[69,78147,78148,78150,78152,78154,78156,78158,78160,78162],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,78149,172],{"class":128},[69,78151,132],{"class":83},[69,78153,9026],{"class":146},[69,78155,331],{"class":83},[69,78157,88],{"class":87},[69,78159,143],{"class":83},[69,78161,334],{"class":87},[69,78163,618],{"class":83},[69,78165,78166,78168,78170,78172,78174,78176],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,78167,172],{"class":128},[69,78169,132],{"class":83},[69,78171,9026],{"class":146},[69,78173,76013],{"class":83},[69,78175,346],{"class":87},[69,78177,618],{"class":83},[69,78179,78180,78182,78184,78186,78188,78190,78192],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,78181,172],{"class":128},[69,78183,132],{"class":83},[69,78185,9026],{"class":146},[69,78187,331],{"class":83},[69,78189,1972],{"class":79},[69,78191,346],{"class":87},[69,78193,78194],{"class":83},":])\n",[69,78196,78197,78199,78201,78203,78205,78207,78209],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,78198,172],{"class":128},[69,78200,132],{"class":83},[69,78202,9026],{"class":146},[69,78204,74600],{"class":83},[69,78206,1972],{"class":79},[69,78208,88],{"class":87},[69,78210,618],{"class":83},[20,78212,840,78213,78215,78216,78220],{},[15,78214,42831],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[533,78217,78219],{"href":78218},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[55,78222,2519],{"id":2518},[377,78224,78226],{"id":78225},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,78228,78229],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[377,78231,78233],{"id":78232},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,78235,78236],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[377,78238,2561,78240,2565],{"id":78239},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,78241,76539],{},[20,78243,78244],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[377,78246,78248,78249,3218],{"id":78247},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,78250,71209],{},[20,78252,78253],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[55,78255,2620],{"id":2619},[29,78257,78258,78263,78268,78272,78276,78280],{},[32,78259,78260],{},[533,78261,78262],{"href":51453},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[32,78264,78265],{},[533,78266,78267],{"href":57629},"How to create a list in Python",[32,78269,78270],{},[533,78271,15657],{"href":57695},[32,78273,78274],{},[533,78275,75285],{"href":75284},[32,78277,78278],{},[533,78279,78219],{"href":78218},[32,78281,78282],{},[533,78283,69737],{"href":69736},[20,78285,78286,78287,78289],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,78288,42831],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2650,78291,78292],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":78294},[78295,78296,78297,78298,78299,78300,78303,78307,78315,78316,78324],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":76068,"depth":120,"text":76069},{"id":76231,"depth":120,"text":76232},{"id":76493,"depth":120,"text":76494},{"id":76787,"depth":120,"text":76788},{"id":77033,"depth":120,"text":77034,"children":78301},[78302],{"id":77291,"depth":169,"text":77292},{"id":77345,"depth":120,"text":77346,"children":78304},[78305,78306],{"id":77352,"depth":169,"text":77353},{"id":77413,"depth":169,"text":77414},{"id":77620,"depth":120,"text":15869,"children":78308},[78309,78310,78311,78312,78314],{"id":77649,"depth":169,"text":77650},{"id":77738,"depth":169,"text":77739},{"id":77800,"depth":169,"text":77801},{"id":77916,"depth":169,"text":78313},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":78043,"depth":169,"text":78044},{"id":78085,"depth":120,"text":78086},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":78317},[78318,78319,78320,78322],{"id":78225,"depth":169,"text":78226},{"id":78232,"depth":169,"text":78233},{"id":78239,"depth":169,"text":78321},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":78247,"depth":169,"text":78323},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75891,"description":78325},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":78332,"title":78333,"body":78334,"description":80403,"extension":2697,"meta":80404,"navigation":272,"path":80405,"seo":80406,"stem":80407,"__hash__":80408},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":78335,"toc":80369},[78336,78341,78347,78353,78355,78402,78409,78414,78418,78433,78436,78489,78491,78516,78521,78523,78555,78558,78574,78576,78637,78639,78664,78668,78673,78726,78728,78753,78758,78819,78821,78846,78849,78856,78860,78863,78924,78926,78959,78962,79023,79025,79058,79064,79137,79139,79171,79178,79183,79188,79190,79202,79205,79283,79285,79326,79329,79403,79405,79438,79443,79450,79457,79461,79470,79474,79482,79484,79551,79553,79589,79594,79605,79607,79612,79617,79619,79682,79684,79709,79716,79721,79725,79728,79768,79773,79779,79784,79786,79813,79818,79821,79868,79870,79927,79934,79939,79945,80014,80018,80021,80084,80086,80119,80124,80126,80129,80210,80212,80236,80242,80244,80249,80253,80260,80268,80272,80274,80297,80301,80303,80330,80333,80340,80343,80345,80366],[10,78337,54817,78339,12011],{"id":78338},"python-list-sort-method",[15,78340,64789],{},[20,78342,78343,78346],{},[15,78344,78345],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,78348,78349,78350,78352],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,78351,64789],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[55,78354,58],{"id":57},[60,78356,78358],{"className":62,"code":78357,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78359,78360,78380,78390],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78361,78362,78364,78366,78368,78370,78372,78374,78376,78378],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78363,76],{"class":75},[69,78365,80],{"class":79},[69,78367,84],{"class":83},[69,78369,346],{"class":87},[69,78371,91],{"class":83},[69,78373,1263],{"class":87},[69,78375,91],{"class":83},[69,78377,94],{"class":87},[69,78379,117],{"class":83},[69,78381,78382,78384,78386,78388],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,78383,4366],{"class":75},[69,78385,537],{"class":83},[69,78387,35490],{"class":146},[69,78389,9329],{"class":83},[69,78391,78392,78394,78396,78398,78400],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,78393,172],{"class":128},[69,78395,132],{"class":83},[69,78397,4366],{"class":146},[69,78399,938],{"class":83},[69,78401,55407],{"class":189},[20,78403,1378,78404,78406,78407,537],{},[15,78405,78345],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,78408,1181],{},[55,78410,202,78412,205],{"id":78411},"what-listsort-does",[15,78413,78345],{},[20,78415,78416,143],{},[15,78417,78345],{},[29,78419,78420,78423,78426,78430],{},[32,78421,78422],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[32,78424,78425],{},"Changes the original list",[32,78427,12113,78428],{},[15,78429,1181],{},[32,78431,78432],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,78434,78435],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[60,78437,78439],{"className":62,"code":78438,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78440,78441,78465,78475,78479],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78442,78443,78445,78447,78449,78451,78453,78455,78457,78459,78461,78463],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78444,76],{"class":75},[69,78446,80],{"class":79},[69,78448,84],{"class":83},[69,78450,2866],{"class":87},[69,78452,91],{"class":83},[69,78454,94],{"class":87},[69,78456,91],{"class":83},[69,78458,54611],{"class":87},[69,78460,91],{"class":83},[69,78462,1263],{"class":87},[69,78464,117],{"class":83},[69,78466,78467,78469,78471,78473],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,78468,4366],{"class":75},[69,78470,537],{"class":83},[69,78472,35490],{"class":146},[69,78474,9329],{"class":83},[69,78476,78477],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,78478,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,78480,78481,78483,78485,78487],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,78482,172],{"class":128},[69,78484,132],{"class":83},[69,78486,4366],{"class":146},[69,78488,166],{"class":83},[20,78490,321],{},[60,78492,78494],{"className":62,"code":78493,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,78495,78496],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78497,78498,78500,78502,78504,78506,78508,78510,78512,78514],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78499,331],{"class":83},[69,78501,88],{"class":87},[69,78503,91],{"class":83},[69,78505,94],{"class":87},[69,78507,91],{"class":83},[69,78509,109],{"class":87},[69,78511,91],{"class":83},[69,78513,54611],{"class":87},[69,78515,117],{"class":83},[20,78517,78518,78519,537],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[533,78520,67555],{"href":51453},[55,78522,2888],{"id":2887},[60,78524,78526],{"className":62,"code":78525,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,78527,78528],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78529,78530,78532,78534,78536,78538,78540,78542,78544,78546,78549,78551,78553],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78531,9026],{"class":75},[69,78533,537],{"class":83},[69,78535,35490],{"class":146},[69,78537,132],{"class":83},[69,78539,15533],{"class":9862},[69,78541,80],{"class":79},[69,78543,1181],{"class":1203},[69,78545,91],{"class":83},[69,78547,78548],{"class":9862}," reverse",[69,78550,80],{"class":79},[69,78552,230],{"class":1203},[69,78554,166],{"class":83},[20,78556,78557],{},"Main arguments:",[29,78559,78560,78565,78571],{},[32,78561,78562,78564],{},[15,78563,15533],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[32,78566,78567,78570],{},[15,78568,78569],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[32,78572,78573],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78575,234],{},[60,78577,78579],{"className":62,"code":78578,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78580,78581,78605,78623,78627],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78582,78583,78585,78587,78589,78591,78593,78595,78597,78599,78601,78603],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78584,76],{"class":75},[69,78586,80],{"class":79},[69,78588,84],{"class":83},[69,78590,334],{"class":87},[69,78592,91],{"class":83},[69,78594,1263],{"class":87},[69,78596,91],{"class":83},[69,78598,6690],{"class":87},[69,78600,91],{"class":83},[69,78602,94],{"class":87},[69,78604,117],{"class":83},[69,78606,78607,78609,78611,78613,78615,78617,78619,78621],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,78608,4366],{"class":75},[69,78610,537],{"class":83},[69,78612,35490],{"class":146},[69,78614,132],{"class":83},[69,78616,74055],{"class":9862},[69,78618,80],{"class":79},[69,78620,224],{"class":1203},[69,78622,166],{"class":83},[69,78624,78625],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,78626,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,78628,78629,78631,78633,78635],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,78630,172],{"class":128},[69,78632,132],{"class":83},[69,78634,4366],{"class":146},[69,78636,166],{"class":83},[20,78638,321],{},[60,78640,78642],{"className":62,"code":78641,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78643,78644],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78645,78646,78648,78650,78652,78654,78656,78658,78660,78662],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78647,331],{"class":83},[69,78649,2758],{"class":87},[69,78651,91],{"class":83},[69,78653,104],{"class":87},[69,78655,91],{"class":83},[69,78657,94],{"class":87},[69,78659,91],{"class":83},[69,78661,1263],{"class":87},[69,78663,117],{"class":83},[55,78665,78667],{"id":78666},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78669,1378,78670,78672],{},[15,78671,64789],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[60,78674,78676],{"className":62,"code":78675,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78677,78678,78702,78712,78716],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78679,78680,78682,78684,78686,78688,78690,78692,78694,78696,78698,78700],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78681,76],{"class":75},[69,78683,80],{"class":79},[69,78685,84],{"class":83},[69,78687,444],{"class":87},[69,78689,91],{"class":83},[69,78691,99],{"class":87},[69,78693,91],{"class":83},[69,78695,2504],{"class":87},[69,78697,91],{"class":83},[69,78699,1263],{"class":87},[69,78701,117],{"class":83},[69,78703,78704,78706,78708,78710],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,78705,4366],{"class":75},[69,78707,537],{"class":83},[69,78709,35490],{"class":146},[69,78711,9329],{"class":83},[69,78713,78714],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,78715,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,78717,78718,78720,78722,78724],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,78719,172],{"class":128},[69,78721,132],{"class":83},[69,78723,4366],{"class":146},[69,78725,166],{"class":83},[20,78727,321],{},[60,78729,78731],{"className":62,"code":78730,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78732,78733],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78734,78735,78737,78739,78741,78743,78745,78747,78749,78751],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78736,331],{"class":83},[69,78738,88],{"class":87},[69,78740,91],{"class":83},[69,78742,99],{"class":87},[69,78744,91],{"class":83},[69,78746,2504],{"class":87},[69,78748,91],{"class":83},[69,78750,6701],{"class":87},[69,78752,117],{"class":83},[20,78754,1378,78755,78757],{},[15,78756,78569],{}," for descending order:",[60,78759,78761],{"className":62,"code":78760,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78762,78763,78787,78805,78809],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78764,78765,78767,78769,78771,78773,78775,78777,78779,78781,78783,78785],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78766,76],{"class":75},[69,78768,80],{"class":79},[69,78770,84],{"class":83},[69,78772,444],{"class":87},[69,78774,91],{"class":83},[69,78776,99],{"class":87},[69,78778,91],{"class":83},[69,78780,2504],{"class":87},[69,78782,91],{"class":83},[69,78784,1263],{"class":87},[69,78786,117],{"class":83},[69,78788,78789,78791,78793,78795,78797,78799,78801,78803],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,78790,4366],{"class":75},[69,78792,537],{"class":83},[69,78794,35490],{"class":146},[69,78796,132],{"class":83},[69,78798,74055],{"class":9862},[69,78800,80],{"class":79},[69,78802,224],{"class":1203},[69,78804,166],{"class":83},[69,78806,78807],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,78808,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,78810,78811,78813,78815,78817],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,78812,172],{"class":128},[69,78814,132],{"class":83},[69,78816,4366],{"class":146},[69,78818,166],{"class":83},[20,78820,321],{},[60,78822,78824],{"className":62,"code":78823,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78825,78826],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78827,78828,78830,78832,78834,78836,78838,78840,78842,78844],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78829,331],{"class":83},[69,78831,444],{"class":87},[69,78833,91],{"class":83},[69,78835,2504],{"class":87},[69,78837,91],{"class":83},[69,78839,99],{"class":87},[69,78841,91],{"class":83},[69,78843,1263],{"class":87},[69,78845,117],{"class":83},[20,78847,78848],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78850,78851,78852,537],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[533,78853,78855],{"href":78854},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[55,78857,78859],{"id":78858},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78861,78862],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[60,78864,78866],{"className":62,"code":78865,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78867,78868,78900,78910,78914],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78869,78870,78872,78874,78876,78878,78880,78882,78884,78886,78888,78890,78892,78894,78896,78898],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78871,864],{"class":75},[69,78873,80],{"class":79},[69,78875,84],{"class":83},[69,78877,871],{"class":699},[69,78879,893],{"class":703},[69,78881,871],{"class":699},[69,78883,91],{"class":83},[69,78885,881],{"class":699},[69,78887,874],{"class":703},[69,78889,871],{"class":699},[69,78891,91],{"class":83},[69,78893,881],{"class":699},[69,78895,4800],{"class":703},[69,78897,871],{"class":699},[69,78899,117],{"class":83},[69,78901,78902,78904,78906,78908],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,78903,4817],{"class":75},[69,78905,537],{"class":83},[69,78907,35490],{"class":146},[69,78909,9329],{"class":83},[69,78911,78912],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,78913,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,78915,78916,78918,78920,78922],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,78917,172],{"class":128},[69,78919,132],{"class":83},[69,78921,4817],{"class":146},[69,78923,166],{"class":83},[20,78925,321],{},[60,78927,78929],{"className":62,"code":78928,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78930,78931],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78932,78933,78935,78937,78939,78941,78943,78945,78947,78949,78951,78953,78955,78957],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78934,331],{"class":83},[69,78936,706],{"class":699},[69,78938,874],{"class":703},[69,78940,706],{"class":699},[69,78942,91],{"class":83},[69,78944,700],{"class":699},[69,78946,893],{"class":703},[69,78948,706],{"class":699},[69,78950,91],{"class":83},[69,78952,700],{"class":699},[69,78954,4800],{"class":703},[69,78956,706],{"class":699},[69,78958,117],{"class":83},[20,78960,78961],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[60,78963,78965],{"className":62,"code":78964,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78966,78967,78999,79009,79013],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,78968,78969,78971,78973,78975,78977,78979,78981,78983,78985,78987,78989,78991,78993,78995,78997],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,78970,864],{"class":75},[69,78972,80],{"class":79},[69,78974,84],{"class":83},[69,78976,871],{"class":699},[69,78978,893],{"class":703},[69,78980,871],{"class":699},[69,78982,91],{"class":83},[69,78984,881],{"class":699},[69,78986,58244],{"class":703},[69,78988,871],{"class":699},[69,78990,91],{"class":83},[69,78992,881],{"class":699},[69,78994,4800],{"class":703},[69,78996,871],{"class":699},[69,78998,117],{"class":83},[69,79000,79001,79003,79005,79007],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,79002,4817],{"class":75},[69,79004,537],{"class":83},[69,79006,35490],{"class":146},[69,79008,9329],{"class":83},[69,79010,79011],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,79012,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,79014,79015,79017,79019,79021],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,79016,172],{"class":128},[69,79018,132],{"class":83},[69,79020,4817],{"class":146},[69,79022,166],{"class":83},[20,79024,321],{},[60,79026,79028],{"className":62,"code":79027,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,79029,79030],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79031,79032,79034,79036,79038,79040,79042,79044,79046,79048,79050,79052,79054,79056],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79033,331],{"class":83},[69,79035,706],{"class":699},[69,79037,58244],{"class":703},[69,79039,706],{"class":699},[69,79041,91],{"class":83},[69,79043,700],{"class":699},[69,79045,893],{"class":703},[69,79047,706],{"class":699},[69,79049,91],{"class":83},[69,79051,700],{"class":699},[69,79053,4800],{"class":703},[69,79055,706],{"class":699},[69,79057,117],{"class":83},[20,79059,79060,79061,143],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,79062,79063],{},"key=str.lower",[60,79065,79067],{"className":62,"code":79066,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79068,79069,79101,79123,79127],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79070,79071,79073,79075,79077,79079,79081,79083,79085,79087,79089,79091,79093,79095,79097,79099],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79072,864],{"class":75},[69,79074,80],{"class":79},[69,79076,84],{"class":83},[69,79078,871],{"class":699},[69,79080,893],{"class":703},[69,79082,871],{"class":699},[69,79084,91],{"class":83},[69,79086,881],{"class":699},[69,79088,58244],{"class":703},[69,79090,871],{"class":699},[69,79092,91],{"class":83},[69,79094,881],{"class":699},[69,79096,4800],{"class":703},[69,79098,871],{"class":699},[69,79100,117],{"class":83},[69,79102,79103,79105,79107,79109,79111,79113,79115,79117,79119,79121],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,79104,4817],{"class":75},[69,79106,537],{"class":83},[69,79108,35490],{"class":146},[69,79110,132],{"class":83},[69,79112,15533],{"class":9862},[69,79114,80],{"class":79},[69,79116,4164],{"class":177},[69,79118,537],{"class":83},[69,79120,9326],{"class":25438},[69,79122,166],{"class":83},[69,79124,79125],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,79126,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,79128,79129,79131,79133,79135],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,79130,172],{"class":128},[69,79132,132],{"class":83},[69,79134,4817],{"class":146},[69,79136,166],{"class":83},[20,79138,321],{},[60,79140,79141],{"className":62,"code":79027,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,79142,79143],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79144,79145,79147,79149,79151,79153,79155,79157,79159,79161,79163,79165,79167,79169],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79146,331],{"class":83},[69,79148,706],{"class":699},[69,79150,58244],{"class":703},[69,79152,706],{"class":699},[69,79154,91],{"class":83},[69,79156,700],{"class":699},[69,79158,893],{"class":703},[69,79160,706],{"class":699},[69,79162,91],{"class":83},[69,79164,700],{"class":699},[69,79166,4800],{"class":703},[69,79168,706],{"class":699},[69,79170,117],{"class":83},[20,79172,79173,79174,79177],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,79175,79176],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[55,79179,37303,79181,37306],{"id":79180},"using-the-key-argument",[15,79182,15533],{},[20,79184,2714,79185,79187],{},[15,79186,15533],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,79189,8030],{},[29,79191,79192,79197],{},[32,79193,79194,79196],{},[15,79195,11850],{}," to sort by length",[32,79198,79199,79201],{},[15,79200,79176],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,79203,79204],{},"Sort words by length:",[60,79206,79208],{"className":62,"code":79207,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79209,79210,79251,79269,79273],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79211,79212,79214,79216,79218,79220,79223,79225,79227,79229,79231,79233,79235,79237,79239,79241,79243,79245,79247,79249],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79213,864],{"class":75},[69,79215,80],{"class":79},[69,79217,84],{"class":83},[69,79219,871],{"class":699},[69,79221,79222],{"class":703},"pear",[69,79224,871],{"class":699},[69,79226,91],{"class":83},[69,79228,881],{"class":699},[69,79230,893],{"class":703},[69,79232,871],{"class":699},[69,79234,91],{"class":83},[69,79236,881],{"class":699},[69,79238,902],{"class":703},[69,79240,871],{"class":699},[69,79242,91],{"class":83},[69,79244,881],{"class":699},[69,79246,874],{"class":703},[69,79248,871],{"class":699},[69,79250,117],{"class":83},[69,79252,79253,79255,79257,79259,79261,79263,79265,79267],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,79254,4817],{"class":75},[69,79256,537],{"class":83},[69,79258,35490],{"class":146},[69,79260,132],{"class":83},[69,79262,15533],{"class":9862},[69,79264,80],{"class":79},[69,79266,11850],{"class":128},[69,79268,166],{"class":83},[69,79270,79271],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,79272,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,79274,79275,79277,79279,79281],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,79276,172],{"class":128},[69,79278,132],{"class":83},[69,79280,4817],{"class":146},[69,79282,166],{"class":83},[20,79284,321],{},[60,79286,79288],{"className":62,"code":79287,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,79289,79290],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79291,79292,79294,79296,79298,79300,79302,79304,79306,79308,79310,79312,79314,79316,79318,79320,79322,79324],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79293,331],{"class":83},[69,79295,706],{"class":699},[69,79297,902],{"class":703},[69,79299,706],{"class":699},[69,79301,91],{"class":83},[69,79303,700],{"class":699},[69,79305,79222],{"class":703},[69,79307,706],{"class":699},[69,79309,91],{"class":83},[69,79311,700],{"class":699},[69,79313,874],{"class":703},[69,79315,706],{"class":699},[69,79317,91],{"class":83},[69,79319,700],{"class":699},[69,79321,893],{"class":703},[69,79323,706],{"class":699},[69,79325,117],{"class":83},[20,79327,79328],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[60,79330,79332],{"className":62,"code":79331,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79333,79334,79367,79389,79393],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79335,79336,79338,79340,79342,79344,79346,79348,79350,79352,79354,79356,79358,79360,79363,79365],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79337,864],{"class":75},[69,79339,80],{"class":79},[69,79341,84],{"class":83},[69,79343,871],{"class":699},[69,79345,5717],{"class":703},[69,79347,871],{"class":699},[69,79349,91],{"class":83},[69,79351,881],{"class":699},[69,79353,18493],{"class":703},[69,79355,871],{"class":699},[69,79357,91],{"class":83},[69,79359,881],{"class":699},[69,79361,79362],{"class":703},"Carol",[69,79364,871],{"class":699},[69,79366,117],{"class":83},[69,79368,79369,79371,79373,79375,79377,79379,79381,79383,79385,79387],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,79370,4817],{"class":75},[69,79372,537],{"class":83},[69,79374,35490],{"class":146},[69,79376,132],{"class":83},[69,79378,15533],{"class":9862},[69,79380,80],{"class":79},[69,79382,4164],{"class":177},[69,79384,537],{"class":83},[69,79386,9326],{"class":25438},[69,79388,166],{"class":83},[69,79390,79391],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,79392,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,79394,79395,79397,79399,79401],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,79396,172],{"class":128},[69,79398,132],{"class":83},[69,79400,4817],{"class":146},[69,79402,166],{"class":83},[20,79404,321],{},[60,79406,79408],{"className":62,"code":79407,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,79409,79410],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79411,79412,79414,79416,79418,79420,79422,79424,79426,79428,79430,79432,79434,79436],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79413,331],{"class":83},[69,79415,706],{"class":699},[69,79417,18493],{"class":703},[69,79419,706],{"class":699},[69,79421,91],{"class":83},[69,79423,700],{"class":699},[69,79425,5717],{"class":703},[69,79427,706],{"class":699},[69,79429,91],{"class":83},[69,79431,700],{"class":699},[69,79433,79362],{"class":703},[69,79435,706],{"class":699},[69,79437,117],{"class":83},[20,79439,2714,79440,79442],{},[15,79441,15533],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[55,79444,79446,11272,79448],{"id":79445},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,79447,78345],{},[15,79449,74902],{},[20,79451,79452,5096,79454,79456],{},[15,79453,78345],{},[15,79455,74902],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,79458,79459,143],{},[15,79460,78345],{},[29,79462,79463,79466],{},[32,79464,79465],{},"Changes the existing list",[32,79467,12113,79468],{},[15,79469,1181],{},[20,79471,79472,143],{},[15,79473,74902],{},[29,79475,79476,79479],{},[32,79477,79478],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[32,79480,79481],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,79483,234],{},[60,79485,79487],{"className":62,"code":79486,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,79488,79489,79509,79513,79527,79531,79541],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79490,79491,79493,79495,79497,79499,79501,79503,79505,79507],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79492,76],{"class":75},[69,79494,80],{"class":79},[69,79496,84],{"class":83},[69,79498,346],{"class":87},[69,79500,91],{"class":83},[69,79502,1263],{"class":87},[69,79504,91],{"class":83},[69,79506,94],{"class":87},[69,79508,117],{"class":83},[69,79510,79511],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,79512,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,79514,79515,79517,79519,79521,79523,79525],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,79516,56365],{"class":75},[69,79518,80],{"class":79},[69,79520,75036],{"class":128},[69,79522,132],{"class":83},[69,79524,4366],{"class":146},[69,79526,166],{"class":83},[69,79528,79529],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,79530,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,79532,79533,79535,79537,79539],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,79534,172],{"class":128},[69,79536,132],{"class":83},[69,79538,4366],{"class":146},[69,79540,166],{"class":83},[69,79542,79543,79545,79547,79549],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,79544,172],{"class":128},[69,79546,132],{"class":83},[69,79548,74759],{"class":146},[69,79550,166],{"class":83},[20,79552,321],{},[60,79554,79555],{"className":62,"code":75071,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,79556,79557,79573],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79558,79559,79561,79563,79565,79567,79569,79571],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79560,331],{"class":83},[69,79562,346],{"class":87},[69,79564,91],{"class":83},[69,79566,1263],{"class":87},[69,79568,91],{"class":83},[69,79570,94],{"class":87},[69,79572,117],{"class":83},[69,79574,79575,79577,79579,79581,79583,79585,79587],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,79576,331],{"class":83},[69,79578,88],{"class":87},[69,79580,91],{"class":83},[69,79582,94],{"class":87},[69,79584,91],{"class":83},[69,79586,99],{"class":87},[69,79588,117],{"class":83},[20,79590,1378,79591,79593],{},[15,79592,74902],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79595,79596,79597,5096,79601,537],{},"You can learn more in ",[533,79598,13,79599,6481],{"href":74999},[15,79600,74902],{},[533,79602,79604],{"href":79603},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[55,79606,1771],{"id":1770},[20,79608,79609,79610,537],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79611,78345],{},[377,79613,13286,79615],{"id":79614},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79616,64789],{},[20,79618,26378],{},[60,79620,79622],{"className":62,"code":79621,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79623,79624,79644,79658,79662,79672],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79625,79626,79628,79630,79632,79634,79636,79638,79640,79642],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79627,76],{"class":75},[69,79629,80],{"class":79},[69,79631,84],{"class":83},[69,79633,346],{"class":87},[69,79635,91],{"class":83},[69,79637,1263],{"class":87},[69,79639,91],{"class":83},[69,79641,94],{"class":87},[69,79643,117],{"class":83},[69,79645,79646,79648,79650,79652,79654,79656],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,79647,123],{"class":75},[69,79649,80],{"class":79},[69,79651,163],{"class":75},[69,79653,537],{"class":83},[69,79655,35490],{"class":146},[69,79657,9329],{"class":83},[69,79659,79660],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,79661,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,79663,79664,79666,79668,79670],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,79665,172],{"class":128},[69,79667,132],{"class":83},[69,79669,183],{"class":146},[69,79671,166],{"class":83},[69,79673,79674,79676,79678,79680],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,79675,172],{"class":128},[69,79677,132],{"class":83},[69,79679,4366],{"class":146},[69,79681,166],{"class":83},[20,79683,321],{},[60,79685,79687],{"className":62,"code":79686,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79688,79689,79693],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79690,79691],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79692,12499],{"class":1203},[69,79694,79695,79697,79699,79701,79703,79705,79707],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,79696,331],{"class":83},[69,79698,88],{"class":87},[69,79700,91],{"class":83},[69,79702,94],{"class":87},[69,79704,91],{"class":83},[69,79706,99],{"class":87},[69,79708,117],{"class":83},[20,79710,79711,79713,79714,537],{},[15,79712,64789],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79715,1181],{},[20,79717,79718,79719,7319],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79720,74902],{},[377,79722,79724],{"id":79723},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79726,79727],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[60,79729,79731],{"className":62,"code":79730,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79732,79733,79758],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79734,79735,79737,79739,79741,79743,79745,79747,79750,79752,79754,79756],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79736,1252],{"class":75},[69,79738,80],{"class":79},[69,79740,84],{"class":83},[69,79742,88],{"class":87},[69,79744,91],{"class":83},[69,79746,881],{"class":699},[69,79748,79749],{"class":703},"two",[69,79751,871],{"class":699},[69,79753,91],{"class":83},[69,79755,99],{"class":87},[69,79757,117],{"class":83},[69,79759,79760,79762,79764,79766],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,79761,8497],{"class":75},[69,79763,537],{"class":83},[69,79765,35490],{"class":146},[69,79767,9329],{"class":83},[20,79769,3725,79770,79772],{},[15,79771,3728],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[377,79774,5408,79776,79778],{"id":79775},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79777,64789],{}," only works on lists",[20,79780,79781,79783],{},[15,79782,64789],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79785,2235],{},[60,79787,79789],{"className":62,"code":79788,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79790,79791,79803],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79792,79793,79795,79797,79799,79801],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79794,35378],{"class":75},[69,79796,80],{"class":79},[69,79798,881],{"class":699},[69,79800,64],{"class":703},[69,79802,4079],{"class":699},[69,79804,79805,79807,79809,79811],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,79806,35399],{"class":75},[69,79808,537],{"class":83},[69,79810,35490],{"class":146},[69,79812,9329],{"class":83},[20,79814,79815,79816,34291],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79817,64789],{},[20,79819,79820],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[60,79822,79824],{"className":62,"code":79823,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79825,79826,79844,79854,79858],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79827,79828,79830,79832,79834,79836,79838,79840,79842],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79829,36780],{"class":75},[69,79831,80],{"class":79},[69,79833,2162],{"class":177},[69,79835,132],{"class":83},[69,79837,871],{"class":699},[69,79839,64],{"class":703},[69,79841,871],{"class":699},[69,79843,166],{"class":83},[69,79845,79846,79848,79850,79852],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,79847,36833],{"class":75},[69,79849,537],{"class":83},[69,79851,35490],{"class":146},[69,79853,9329],{"class":83},[69,79855,79856],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,79857,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,79859,79860,79862,79864,79866],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,79861,172],{"class":128},[69,79863,132],{"class":83},[69,79865,36833],{"class":146},[69,79867,166],{"class":83},[20,79869,321],{},[60,79871,79873],{"className":62,"code":79872,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79874,79875],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79876,79877,79879,79881,79883,79885,79887,79889,79891,79893,79895,79897,79899,79901,79903,79905,79907,79909,79911,79913,79915,79917,79919,79921,79923,79925],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79878,331],{"class":83},[69,79880,706],{"class":699},[69,79882,60915],{"class":703},[69,79884,706],{"class":699},[69,79886,91],{"class":83},[69,79888,700],{"class":699},[69,79890,76508],{"class":703},[69,79892,706],{"class":699},[69,79894,91],{"class":83},[69,79896,700],{"class":699},[69,79898,60950],{"class":703},[69,79900,706],{"class":699},[69,79902,91],{"class":83},[69,79904,700],{"class":699},[69,79906,20],{"class":703},[69,79908,706],{"class":699},[69,79910,91],{"class":83},[69,79912,700],{"class":699},[69,79914,63764],{"class":703},[69,79916,706],{"class":699},[69,79918,91],{"class":83},[69,79920,700],{"class":699},[69,79922,12436],{"class":703},[69,79924,706],{"class":699},[69,79926,117],{"class":83},[377,79928,79930,79931,79933],{"id":79929},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79932,15533],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79935,79936,79937,537],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79938,15533],{},[20,79940,79941,79942,79944],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79943,64789],{}," will not do that:",[60,79946,79948],{"className":62,"code":79947,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79949,79950,79982,80000,80004],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,79951,79952,79954,79956,79958,79960,79962,79964,79966,79968,79970,79972,79974,79976,79978,79980],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,79953,864],{"class":75},[69,79955,80],{"class":79},[69,79957,84],{"class":83},[69,79959,871],{"class":699},[69,79961,893],{"class":703},[69,79963,871],{"class":699},[69,79965,91],{"class":83},[69,79967,881],{"class":699},[69,79969,902],{"class":703},[69,79971,871],{"class":699},[69,79973,91],{"class":83},[69,79975,881],{"class":699},[69,79977,874],{"class":703},[69,79979,871],{"class":699},[69,79981,117],{"class":83},[69,79983,79984,79986,79988,79990,79992,79994,79996,79998],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,79985,4817],{"class":75},[69,79987,537],{"class":83},[69,79989,35490],{"class":146},[69,79991,132],{"class":83},[69,79993,15533],{"class":9862},[69,79995,80],{"class":79},[69,79997,11850],{"class":128},[69,79999,166],{"class":83},[69,80001,80002],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,80003,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,80005,80006,80008,80010,80012],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,80007,172],{"class":128},[69,80009,132],{"class":83},[69,80011,4817],{"class":146},[69,80013,166],{"class":83},[377,80015,80017],{"id":80016},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,80019,80020],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[60,80022,80024],{"className":62,"code":80023,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,80025,80026,80060,80070,80074],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,80027,80028,80030,80032,80034,80036,80039,80041,80043,80045,80047,80049,80051,80053,80056,80058],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,80029,864],{"class":75},[69,80031,80],{"class":79},[69,80033,84],{"class":83},[69,80035,871],{"class":699},[69,80037,80038],{"class":703},"zebra",[69,80040,871],{"class":699},[69,80042,91],{"class":83},[69,80044,881],{"class":699},[69,80046,58244],{"class":703},[69,80048,871],{"class":699},[69,80050,91],{"class":83},[69,80052,881],{"class":699},[69,80054,80055],{"class":703},"monkey",[69,80057,871],{"class":699},[69,80059,117],{"class":83},[69,80061,80062,80064,80066,80068],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,80063,4817],{"class":75},[69,80065,537],{"class":83},[69,80067,35490],{"class":146},[69,80069,9329],{"class":83},[69,80071,80072],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,80073,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,80075,80076,80078,80080,80082],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,80077,172],{"class":128},[69,80079,132],{"class":83},[69,80081,4817],{"class":146},[69,80083,166],{"class":83},[20,80085,321],{},[60,80087,80089],{"className":62,"code":80088,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,80090,80091],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,80092,80093,80095,80097,80099,80101,80103,80105,80107,80109,80111,80113,80115,80117],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,80094,331],{"class":83},[69,80096,706],{"class":699},[69,80098,58244],{"class":703},[69,80100,706],{"class":699},[69,80102,91],{"class":83},[69,80104,700],{"class":699},[69,80106,80055],{"class":703},[69,80108,706],{"class":699},[69,80110,91],{"class":83},[69,80112,700],{"class":699},[69,80114,80038],{"class":703},[69,80116,706],{"class":699},[69,80118,117],{"class":83},[20,80120,1378,80121,80123],{},[15,80122,79063],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[377,80125,61187],{"id":61186},[20,80127,80128],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[60,80130,80132],{"className":62,"code":80131,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,80133,80134,80144,80158,80172,80186],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,80135,80136,80138,80140,80142],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,80137,172],{"class":128},[69,80139,132],{"class":83},[69,80141,9026],{"class":146},[69,80143,166],{"class":83},[69,80145,80146,80148,80150,80152,80154,80156],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,80147,172],{"class":128},[69,80149,132],{"class":83},[69,80151,641],{"class":177},[69,80153,132],{"class":83},[69,80155,9026],{"class":146},[69,80157,318],{"class":83},[69,80159,80160,80162,80164,80166,80168,80170],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,80161,172],{"class":128},[69,80163,132],{"class":83},[69,80165,9026],{"class":146},[69,80167,537],{"class":83},[69,80169,35490],{"class":146},[69,80171,7882],{"class":83},[69,80173,80174,80176,80178,80180,80182,80184],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,80175,172],{"class":128},[69,80177,132],{"class":83},[69,80179,74992],{"class":128},[69,80181,132],{"class":83},[69,80183,9026],{"class":146},[69,80185,318],{"class":83},[69,80187,80188,80190,80192,80194,80196,80198,80200,80202,80204,80206,80208],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,80189,172],{"class":128},[69,80191,3710],{"class":83},[69,80193,641],{"class":177},[69,80195,132],{"class":83},[69,80197,23999],{"class":146},[69,80199,938],{"class":83},[69,80201,4587],{"class":1053},[69,80203,6658],{"class":146},[69,80205,1574],{"class":1053},[69,80207,9082],{"class":146},[69,80209,618],{"class":83},[20,80211,11859],{},[29,80213,80214,80217,80220,80227,80233],{},[32,80215,80216],{},"What values are in the list",[32,80218,80219],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[32,80221,80222,80223,1172,80225],{},"That ",[15,80224,64789],{},[15,80226,1181],{},[32,80228,80229,80230,80232],{},"Whether ",[15,80231,74902],{}," works better for your case",[32,80234,80235],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,80237,80238,80239,80241],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,80240,3728],{}," problems.",[55,80243,2519],{"id":2518},[377,80245,2523,80247,55944],{"id":80246},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,80248,78345],{},[20,80250,63080,80251,537],{},[15,80252,1181],{},[377,80254,5881,80256,5096,80258,3218],{"id":80255},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,80257,64789],{},[15,80259,74902],{},[20,80261,80262,80264,80265,80267],{},[15,80263,64789],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,80266,74902],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[377,80269,80271],{"id":80270},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,80273,19385],{},[60,80275,80277],{"className":62,"code":80276,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,80278,80279],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,80280,80281,80283,80285,80287,80289,80291,80293,80295],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,80282,9026],{"class":75},[69,80284,537],{"class":83},[69,80286,35490],{"class":146},[69,80288,132],{"class":83},[69,80290,74055],{"class":9862},[69,80292,80],{"class":79},[69,80294,224],{"class":1203},[69,80296,166],{"class":83},[377,80298,80300],{"id":80299},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,80302,19385],{},[60,80304,80306],{"className":62,"code":80305,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,80307,80308],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,80309,80310,80312,80314,80316,80318,80320,80322,80324,80326,80328],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,80311,9026],{"class":75},[69,80313,537],{"class":83},[69,80315,35490],{"class":146},[69,80317,132],{"class":83},[69,80319,15533],{"class":9862},[69,80321,80],{"class":79},[69,80323,4164],{"class":177},[69,80325,537],{"class":83},[69,80327,9326],{"class":25438},[69,80329,166],{"class":83},[20,80331,80332],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[377,80334,80336,80337,80339],{"id":80335},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,80338,3728],{}," when sorting?",[20,80341,80342],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[55,80344,2620],{"id":2619},[29,80346,80347,80352,80358,80362],{},[32,80348,80349],{},[533,80350,80351],{"href":78854},"How to sort a list in Python",[32,80353,80354],{},[533,80355,13,80356,6481],{"href":74999},[15,80357,74902],{},[32,80359,80360],{},[533,80361,67555],{"href":51453},[32,80363,80364],{},[533,80365,79604],{"href":79603},[2650,80367,80368],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":80370},[80371,80372,80374,80375,80376,80377,80379,80381,80392,80402],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":78411,"depth":120,"text":80373},"What list.sort() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":78666,"depth":120,"text":78667},{"id":78858,"depth":120,"text":78859},{"id":79180,"depth":120,"text":80378},"Using the key argument",{"id":79445,"depth":120,"text":80380},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771,"children":80382},[80383,80385,80386,80388,80390,80391],{"id":79614,"depth":169,"text":80384},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79723,"depth":169,"text":79724},{"id":79775,"depth":169,"text":80387},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79929,"depth":169,"text":80389},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":80016,"depth":169,"text":80017},{"id":61186,"depth":169,"text":61187},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":80393},[80394,80396,80398,80399,80400],{"id":80246,"depth":169,"text":80395},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":80255,"depth":169,"text":80397},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":80270,"depth":169,"text":80271},{"id":80299,"depth":169,"text":80300},{"id":80335,"depth":169,"text":80401},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":78333,"description":80403},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80410,"title":80411,"body":80412,"description":83043,"extension":2697,"meta":83044,"navigation":272,"path":83045,"seo":83046,"stem":83047,"__hash__":83048},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80413,"toc":83002},[80414,80419,80424,80427,80438,80441,80461,80463,80525,80527,80568,80577,80582,80587,80593,80604,80606,80625,80628,80633,80638,80640,80645,80659,80661,80679,80682,80699,80702,80708,80731,80736,80738,80741,80802,80804,80837,80839,80878,80886,80896,80902,80907,81000,81002,81026,81028,81046,81049,81080,81086,81091,81094,81096,81221,81223,81247,81249,81268,81274,81280,81399,81401,81418,81425,81431,81436,81443,81449,81451,81508,81511,81532,81535,81538,81599,81601,81634,81638,81708,81710,81727,81731,81734,81809,81811,81848,81851,81854,81925,81927,81988,81993,81998,82001,82015,82017,82090,82092,82112,82115,82118,82175,82237,82240,82272,82275,82290,82295,82297,82303,82306,82362,82365,82367,82386,82390,82392,82436,82445,82447,82507,82511,82514,82516,82609,82611,82726,82730,82732,82806,82809,82812,82814,82819,82884,82886,82910,82920,82922,82928,82937,82946,82955,82961,82964,82968,82971,82973,82999],[10,80415,13,80417,18],{"id":80416},"python-map-function-explained",[15,80418,2314],{},[20,80420,4301,80421,80423],{},[15,80422,2314],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80425,80426],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[29,80428,80429,80432,80435],{},[32,80430,80431],{},"converting numbers to strings",[32,80433,80434],{},"changing strings to integers",[32,80436,80437],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,80439,80440],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[29,80442,80443,80450,80456],{},[32,80444,80445,14746,80447,80449],{},[15,80446,2314],{},[42,80448,5334],{}," return a list in Python 3",[32,80451,80452,80453],{},"it returns a ",[42,80454,80455],{},"map object",[32,80457,80458,80459],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,80460,52],{},[55,80462,58],{"id":57},[60,80464,80466],{"className":62,"code":80465,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80467,80468,80492,80511],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,80469,80470,80472,80474,80476,80478,80480,80482,80484,80486,80488,80490],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,80471,76],{"class":75},[69,80473,80],{"class":79},[69,80475,84],{"class":83},[69,80477,88],{"class":87},[69,80479,91],{"class":83},[69,80481,94],{"class":87},[69,80483,91],{"class":83},[69,80485,99],{"class":87},[69,80487,91],{"class":83},[69,80489,104],{"class":87},[69,80491,117],{"class":83},[69,80493,80494,80496,80498,80501,80503,80505,80507,80509],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,80495,123],{"class":75},[69,80497,80],{"class":79},[69,80499,80500],{"class":128}," map",[69,80502,132],{"class":83},[69,80504,4164],{"class":177},[69,80506,91],{"class":83},[69,80508,163],{"class":146},[69,80510,166],{"class":83},[69,80512,80513,80515,80517,80519,80521,80523],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,80514,172],{"class":128},[69,80516,132],{"class":83},[69,80518,178],{"class":177},[69,80520,132],{"class":83},[69,80522,183],{"class":146},[69,80524,318],{"class":83},[20,80526,321],{},[60,80528,80530],{"className":62,"code":80529,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,80531,80532],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,80533,80534,80536,80538,80540,80542,80544,80546,80548,80550,80552,80554,80556,80558,80560,80562,80564,80566],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,80535,331],{"class":83},[69,80537,706],{"class":699},[69,80539,88],{"class":703},[69,80541,706],{"class":699},[69,80543,91],{"class":83},[69,80545,700],{"class":699},[69,80547,1155],{"class":703},[69,80549,706],{"class":699},[69,80551,91],{"class":83},[69,80553,700],{"class":699},[69,80555,346],{"class":703},[69,80557,706],{"class":699},[69,80559,91],{"class":83},[69,80561,700],{"class":699},[69,80563,334],{"class":703},[69,80565,706],{"class":699},[69,80567,117],{"class":83},[20,80569,1378,80570,80573,80574,80576],{},[15,80571,80572],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80575,52],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[55,80578,202,80580,205],{"id":80579},"what-map-does",[15,80581,2314],{},[20,80583,80584,80586],{},[15,80585,2314],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80588,80589,80590,80592],{},"An ",[42,80591,399],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[29,80594,80595,80597,80599,80601],{},[32,80596,412],{},[32,80598,415],{},[32,80600,418],{},[32,80602,80603],{},"a range object",[20,80605,31414],{},[60,80607,80609],{"className":62,"code":80608,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80610,80611],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,80612,80613,80615,80617,80619,80621,80623],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,80614,2457],{"class":128},[69,80616,132],{"class":83},[69,80618,368],{"class":146},[69,80620,91],{"class":83},[69,80622,373],{"class":146},[69,80624,166],{"class":83},[20,80626,80627],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80629,80630,80631,34432],{},"Important: the result is a ",[42,80632,80455],{},[20,80634,80635,80636,537],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[533,80637,536],{"href":5838},[55,80639,2888],{"id":2887},[20,80641,80642,80644],{},[15,80643,2314],{}," needs at least two parts:",[29,80646,80647,80653],{},[32,80648,80649,80652],{},[42,80650,80651],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[32,80654,80655,80658],{},[42,80656,80657],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80660,4421],{},[60,80662,80663],{"className":62,"code":80608,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,80664,80665],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,80666,80667,80669,80671,80673,80675,80677],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,80668,2457],{"class":128},[69,80670,132],{"class":83},[69,80672,368],{"class":146},[69,80674,91],{"class":83},[69,80676,373],{"class":146},[69,80678,166],{"class":83},[20,80680,80681],{},"You can pass:",[29,80683,80684,80693,80696],{},[32,80685,80686,80687,2920,80689,2924,80691],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80688,4164],{},[15,80690,2919],{},[15,80692,2751],{},[32,80694,80695],{},"your own custom function",[32,80697,80698],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80700,80701],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80703,80704,80705,80707],{},"You will often see ",[15,80706,2314],{}," used like this:",[60,80709,80711],{"className":62,"code":80710,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80712,80713],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,80714,80715,80717,80719,80721,80723,80725,80727,80729],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,80716,178],{"class":177},[69,80718,132],{"class":83},[69,80720,2457],{"class":128},[69,80722,132],{"class":83},[69,80724,368],{"class":146},[69,80726,91],{"class":83},[69,80728,4594],{"class":146},[69,80730,318],{"class":83},[20,80732,7365,80733,80735],{},[15,80734,52],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[55,80737,12165],{"id":12164},[20,80739,80740],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[60,80742,80744],{"className":62,"code":80743,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80745,80746,80766,80784,80788],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,80747,80748,80750,80752,80754,80756,80758,80760,80762,80764],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,80749,76],{"class":75},[69,80751,80],{"class":79},[69,80753,84],{"class":83},[69,80755,444],{"class":87},[69,80757,91],{"class":83},[69,80759,454],{"class":87},[69,80761,91],{"class":83},[69,80763,8482],{"class":87},[69,80765,117],{"class":83},[69,80767,80768,80770,80772,80774,80776,80778,80780,80782],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,80769,123],{"class":75},[69,80771,80],{"class":79},[69,80773,80500],{"class":128},[69,80775,132],{"class":83},[69,80777,4164],{"class":177},[69,80779,91],{"class":83},[69,80781,163],{"class":146},[69,80783,166],{"class":83},[69,80785,80786],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,80787,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,80789,80790,80792,80794,80796,80798,80800],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,80791,172],{"class":128},[69,80793,132],{"class":83},[69,80795,178],{"class":177},[69,80797,132],{"class":83},[69,80799,183],{"class":146},[69,80801,318],{"class":83},[20,80803,321],{},[60,80805,80807],{"className":62,"code":80806,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80808,80809],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,80810,80811,80813,80815,80817,80819,80821,80823,80825,80827,80829,80831,80833,80835],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,80812,331],{"class":83},[69,80814,706],{"class":699},[69,80816,444],{"class":703},[69,80818,706],{"class":699},[69,80820,91],{"class":83},[69,80822,700],{"class":699},[69,80824,522],{"class":703},[69,80826,706],{"class":699},[69,80828,91],{"class":83},[69,80830,700],{"class":699},[69,80832,37532],{"class":703},[69,80834,706],{"class":699},[69,80836,117],{"class":83},[20,80838,12374],{},[29,80840,80841,80846,80854,80862,80870],{},[32,80842,80843,80845],{},[15,80844,4366],{}," contains integers",[32,80847,80848,80851,80852],{},[15,80849,80850],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80853,48156],{},[32,80855,80856,42625,80859],{},[15,80857,80858],{},"str(10)",[15,80860,80861],{},"'10'",[32,80863,80864,42625,80867],{},[15,80865,80866],{},"str(20)",[15,80868,80869],{},"'20'",[32,80871,80872,42625,80875],{},[15,80873,80874],{},"str(30)",[15,80876,80877],{},"'30'",[20,80879,54128,80880,80882,80883,80885],{},[15,80881,2314],{}," applies ",[15,80884,48156],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80887,80888,80889,80891,80892,537],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80890,52],{}," better, see ",[533,80893,13,80894,2515],{"href":65325},[15,80895,52],{},[55,80897,840,80899,80901],{"id":80898},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80900,2314],{}," with your own function",[20,80903,16406,80904,80906],{},[15,80905,2314],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[60,80908,80910],{"className":62,"code":80909,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80911,80912,80925,80935,80939,80963,80982,80986],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,80913,80914,80916,80919,80921,80923],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,80915,1036],{"class":135},[69,80917,80918],{"class":1039}," double",[69,80920,132],{"class":83},[69,80922,2904],{"class":139},[69,80924,1048],{"class":83},[69,80926,80927,80929,80931,80933],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,80928,1054],{"class":1053},[69,80930,147],{"class":75},[69,80932,2470],{"class":79},[69,80934,46061],{"class":87},[69,80936,80937],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,80938,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,80940,80941,80943,80945,80947,80949,80951,80953,80955,80957,80959,80961],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,80942,76],{"class":75},[69,80944,80],{"class":79},[69,80946,84],{"class":83},[69,80948,88],{"class":87},[69,80950,91],{"class":83},[69,80952,94],{"class":87},[69,80954,91],{"class":83},[69,80956,99],{"class":87},[69,80958,91],{"class":83},[69,80960,104],{"class":87},[69,80962,117],{"class":83},[69,80964,80965,80967,80969,80971,80973,80976,80978,80980],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,80966,123],{"class":75},[69,80968,80],{"class":79},[69,80970,80500],{"class":128},[69,80972,132],{"class":83},[69,80974,80975],{"class":146},"double",[69,80977,91],{"class":83},[69,80979,163],{"class":146},[69,80981,166],{"class":83},[69,80983,80984],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,80985,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,80987,80988,80990,80992,80994,80996,80998],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,80989,172],{"class":128},[69,80991,132],{"class":83},[69,80993,178],{"class":177},[69,80995,132],{"class":83},[69,80997,183],{"class":146},[69,80999,318],{"class":83},[20,81001,321],{},[60,81003,81004],{"className":62,"code":2483,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,81005,81006],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81007,81008,81010,81012,81014,81016,81018,81020,81022,81024],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81009,331],{"class":83},[69,81011,1155],{"class":87},[69,81013,91],{"class":83},[69,81015,104],{"class":87},[69,81017,91],{"class":83},[69,81019,114],{"class":87},[69,81021,91],{"class":83},[69,81023,2504],{"class":87},[69,81025,117],{"class":83},[20,81027,66062],{},[29,81029,81030,81037,81043],{},[32,81031,81032,81034,81035],{},[15,81033,2314],{}," takes the function ",[15,81036,80975],{},[32,81038,81039,81040,81042],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,81041,4366],{}," into that function",[32,81044,81045],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,81047,81048],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[29,81050,81051,81058,81065,81073],{},[32,81052,81053,6769,81056],{},[15,81054,81055],{},"double(1)",[15,81057,1155],{},[32,81059,81060,6769,81063],{},[15,81061,81062],{},"double(2)",[15,81064,334],{},[32,81066,81067,6769,81070],{},[15,81068,81069],{},"double(3)",[15,81071,81072],{},"6",[32,81074,81075,6769,81078],{},[15,81076,81077],{},"double(4)",[15,81079,3072],{},[55,81081,840,81083,81085],{"id":81082},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,81084,2314],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,81087,81088,81090],{},[15,81089,2314],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,81092,81093],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,81095,234],{},[60,81097,81099],{"className":62,"code":81098,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81100,81101,81118,81128,81132,81153,81174,81178,81203,81207],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81102,81103,81105,81108,81110,81112,81114,81116],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81104,1036],{"class":135},[69,81106,81107],{"class":1039}," add_numbers",[69,81109,132],{"class":83},[69,81111,533],{"class":139},[69,81113,91],{"class":83},[69,81115,3285],{"class":139},[69,81117,1048],{"class":83},[69,81119,81120,81122,81124,81126],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,81121,1054],{"class":1053},[69,81123,45016],{"class":75},[69,81125,2792],{"class":79},[69,81127,36872],{"class":75},[69,81129,81130],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,81131,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,81133,81134,81137,81139,81141,81143,81145,81147,81149,81151],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,81135,81136],{"class":75},"list1 ",[69,81138,80],{"class":79},[69,81140,84],{"class":83},[69,81142,88],{"class":87},[69,81144,91],{"class":83},[69,81146,94],{"class":87},[69,81148,91],{"class":83},[69,81150,99],{"class":87},[69,81152,117],{"class":83},[69,81154,81155,81158,81160,81162,81164,81166,81168,81170,81172],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,81156,81157],{"class":75},"list2 ",[69,81159,80],{"class":79},[69,81161,84],{"class":83},[69,81163,444],{"class":87},[69,81165,91],{"class":83},[69,81167,454],{"class":87},[69,81169,91],{"class":83},[69,81171,8482],{"class":87},[69,81173,117],{"class":83},[69,81175,81176],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,81177,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,81179,81180,81182,81184,81186,81188,81191,81193,81196,81198,81201],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,81181,123],{"class":75},[69,81183,80],{"class":79},[69,81185,80500],{"class":128},[69,81187,132],{"class":83},[69,81189,81190],{"class":146},"add_numbers",[69,81192,91],{"class":83},[69,81194,81195],{"class":146}," list1",[69,81197,91],{"class":83},[69,81199,81200],{"class":146}," list2",[69,81202,166],{"class":83},[69,81204,81205],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,81206,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,81208,81209,81211,81213,81215,81217,81219],{"class":71,"line":7120},[69,81210,172],{"class":128},[69,81212,132],{"class":83},[69,81214,178],{"class":177},[69,81216,132],{"class":83},[69,81218,183],{"class":146},[69,81220,318],{"class":83},[20,81222,321],{},[60,81224,81226],{"className":62,"code":81225,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,81227,81228],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81229,81230,81232,81235,81237,81240,81242,81245],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81231,331],{"class":83},[69,81233,81234],{"class":87},"11",[69,81236,91],{"class":83},[69,81238,81239],{"class":87}," 22",[69,81241,91],{"class":83},[69,81243,81244],{"class":87}," 33",[69,81246,117],{"class":83},[20,81248,2909],{},[29,81250,81251,81257,81263],{},[32,81252,81253,81254],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,81255,81256],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[32,81258,81259,81260],{},"then ",[15,81261,81262],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[32,81264,81259,81265],{},[15,81266,81267],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[377,81269,81271,81273],{"id":81270},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,81272,2314],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,81275,81276,81277,81279],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,81278,2314],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[60,81281,81283],{"className":62,"code":81282,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81284,81285,81301,81311,81315,81339,81355,81359,81381,81385],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81286,81287,81289,81291,81293,81295,81297,81299],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81288,1036],{"class":135},[69,81290,81107],{"class":1039},[69,81292,132],{"class":83},[69,81294,533],{"class":139},[69,81296,91],{"class":83},[69,81298,3285],{"class":139},[69,81300,1048],{"class":83},[69,81302,81303,81305,81307,81309],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,81304,1054],{"class":1053},[69,81306,45016],{"class":75},[69,81308,2792],{"class":79},[69,81310,36872],{"class":75},[69,81312,81313],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,81314,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,81316,81317,81319,81321,81323,81325,81327,81329,81331,81333,81335,81337],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,81318,81136],{"class":75},[69,81320,80],{"class":79},[69,81322,84],{"class":83},[69,81324,88],{"class":87},[69,81326,91],{"class":83},[69,81328,94],{"class":87},[69,81330,91],{"class":83},[69,81332,99],{"class":87},[69,81334,91],{"class":83},[69,81336,104],{"class":87},[69,81338,117],{"class":83},[69,81340,81341,81343,81345,81347,81349,81351,81353],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,81342,81157],{"class":75},[69,81344,80],{"class":79},[69,81346,84],{"class":83},[69,81348,444],{"class":87},[69,81350,91],{"class":83},[69,81352,454],{"class":87},[69,81354,117],{"class":83},[69,81356,81357],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,81358,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,81360,81361,81363,81365,81367,81369,81371,81373,81375,81377,81379],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,81362,123],{"class":75},[69,81364,80],{"class":79},[69,81366,80500],{"class":128},[69,81368,132],{"class":83},[69,81370,81190],{"class":146},[69,81372,91],{"class":83},[69,81374,81195],{"class":146},[69,81376,91],{"class":83},[69,81378,81200],{"class":146},[69,81380,166],{"class":83},[69,81382,81383],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,81384,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,81386,81387,81389,81391,81393,81395,81397],{"class":71,"line":7120},[69,81388,172],{"class":128},[69,81390,132],{"class":83},[69,81392,178],{"class":177},[69,81394,132],{"class":83},[69,81396,183],{"class":146},[69,81398,318],{"class":83},[20,81400,321],{},[60,81402,81404],{"className":62,"code":81403,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[11, 22]\n",[15,81405,81406],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81407,81408,81410,81412,81414,81416],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81409,331],{"class":83},[69,81411,81234],{"class":87},[69,81413,91],{"class":83},[69,81415,81239],{"class":87},[69,81417,117],{"class":83},[20,81419,81420,81421,81424],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,81422,81423],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[55,81426,81428,81430],{"id":81427},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,81429,2314],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,81432,544,81433,81435],{},[15,81434,2314],{}," returns a map object.",[20,81437,81438,81439,81442],{},"This object is ",[42,81440,81441],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[377,81444,3214,81446,81448],{"id":81445},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,81447,33717],{}," looks strange",[20,81450,34333],{},[60,81452,81454],{"className":62,"code":81453,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,81455,81456,81476,81494,81498],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81457,81458,81460,81462,81464,81466,81468,81470,81472,81474],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81459,76],{"class":75},[69,81461,80],{"class":79},[69,81463,84],{"class":83},[69,81465,88],{"class":87},[69,81467,91],{"class":83},[69,81469,94],{"class":87},[69,81471,91],{"class":83},[69,81473,99],{"class":87},[69,81475,117],{"class":83},[69,81477,81478,81480,81482,81484,81486,81488,81490,81492],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,81479,123],{"class":75},[69,81481,80],{"class":79},[69,81483,80500],{"class":128},[69,81485,132],{"class":83},[69,81487,4164],{"class":177},[69,81489,91],{"class":83},[69,81491,163],{"class":146},[69,81493,166],{"class":83},[69,81495,81496],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,81497,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,81499,81500,81502,81504,81506],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,81501,172],{"class":128},[69,81503,132],{"class":83},[69,81505,183],{"class":146},[69,81507,166],{"class":83},[20,81509,81510],{},"Output will look something like this:",[60,81512,81514],{"className":62,"code":81513,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,81515,81516],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81517,81518,81520,81522,81524,81526,81528,81530],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81519,674],{"class":79},[69,81521,2457],{"class":128},[69,81523,679],{"class":177},[69,81525,682],{"class":75},[69,81527,38056],{"class":38055},[69,81529,686],{"class":685},[69,81531,689],{"class":79},[20,81533,81534],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,81536,81537],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[60,81539,81541],{"className":62,"code":81540,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81542,81543,81563,81581,81585],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81544,81545,81547,81549,81551,81553,81555,81557,81559,81561],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81546,76],{"class":75},[69,81548,80],{"class":79},[69,81550,84],{"class":83},[69,81552,88],{"class":87},[69,81554,91],{"class":83},[69,81556,94],{"class":87},[69,81558,91],{"class":83},[69,81560,99],{"class":87},[69,81562,117],{"class":83},[69,81564,81565,81567,81569,81571,81573,81575,81577,81579],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,81566,123],{"class":75},[69,81568,80],{"class":79},[69,81570,80500],{"class":128},[69,81572,132],{"class":83},[69,81574,4164],{"class":177},[69,81576,91],{"class":83},[69,81578,163],{"class":146},[69,81580,166],{"class":83},[69,81582,81583],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,81584,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,81586,81587,81589,81591,81593,81595,81597],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,81588,172],{"class":128},[69,81590,132],{"class":83},[69,81592,178],{"class":177},[69,81594,132],{"class":83},[69,81596,183],{"class":146},[69,81598,318],{"class":83},[20,81600,321],{},[60,81602,81604],{"className":62,"code":81603,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81605,81606],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81607,81608,81610,81612,81614,81616,81618,81620,81622,81624,81626,81628,81630,81632],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81609,331],{"class":83},[69,81611,706],{"class":699},[69,81613,88],{"class":703},[69,81615,706],{"class":699},[69,81617,91],{"class":83},[69,81619,700],{"class":699},[69,81621,1155],{"class":703},[69,81623,706],{"class":699},[69,81625,91],{"class":83},[69,81627,700],{"class":699},[69,81629,346],{"class":703},[69,81631,706],{"class":699},[69,81633,117],{"class":83},[377,81635,81637],{"id":81636},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[60,81639,81641],{"className":62,"code":81640,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81642,81643,81663,81681,81685,81698],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81644,81645,81647,81649,81651,81653,81655,81657,81659,81661],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81646,76],{"class":75},[69,81648,80],{"class":79},[69,81650,84],{"class":83},[69,81652,88],{"class":87},[69,81654,91],{"class":83},[69,81656,94],{"class":87},[69,81658,91],{"class":83},[69,81660,99],{"class":87},[69,81662,117],{"class":83},[69,81664,81665,81667,81669,81671,81673,81675,81677,81679],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,81666,123],{"class":75},[69,81668,80],{"class":79},[69,81670,80500],{"class":128},[69,81672,132],{"class":83},[69,81674,4164],{"class":177},[69,81676,91],{"class":83},[69,81678,163],{"class":146},[69,81680,166],{"class":83},[69,81682,81683],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,81684,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,81686,81687,81689,81691,81693,81696],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,81688,1514],{"class":1053},[69,81690,6658],{"class":75},[69,81692,1574],{"class":1053},[69,81694,81695],{"class":75}," result",[69,81697,1579],{"class":83},[69,81699,81700,81702,81704,81706],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,81701,8756],{"class":128},[69,81703,132],{"class":83},[69,81705,23999],{"class":146},[69,81707,166],{"class":83},[20,81709,321],{},[60,81711,81713],{"className":62,"code":81712,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81714,81715,81719,81723],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81716,81717],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81718,47389],{"class":87},[69,81720,81721],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,81722,17746],{"class":87},[69,81724,81725],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,81726,47089],{"class":87},[377,81728,81730],{"id":81729},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81732,81733],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[60,81735,81737],{"className":62,"code":81736,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81738,81739,81759,81777,81781,81795],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81740,81741,81743,81745,81747,81749,81751,81753,81755,81757],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81742,76],{"class":75},[69,81744,80],{"class":79},[69,81746,84],{"class":83},[69,81748,88],{"class":87},[69,81750,91],{"class":83},[69,81752,94],{"class":87},[69,81754,91],{"class":83},[69,81756,99],{"class":87},[69,81758,117],{"class":83},[69,81760,81761,81763,81765,81767,81769,81771,81773,81775],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,81762,123],{"class":75},[69,81764,80],{"class":79},[69,81766,80500],{"class":128},[69,81768,132],{"class":83},[69,81770,4164],{"class":177},[69,81772,91],{"class":83},[69,81774,163],{"class":146},[69,81776,166],{"class":83},[69,81778,81779],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,81780,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,81782,81783,81785,81787,81789,81791,81793],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,81784,172],{"class":128},[69,81786,132],{"class":83},[69,81788,178],{"class":177},[69,81790,132],{"class":83},[69,81792,183],{"class":146},[69,81794,318],{"class":83},[69,81796,81797,81799,81801,81803,81805,81807],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,81798,172],{"class":128},[69,81800,132],{"class":83},[69,81802,178],{"class":177},[69,81804,132],{"class":83},[69,81806,183],{"class":146},[69,81808,318],{"class":83},[20,81810,321],{},[60,81812,81814],{"className":62,"code":81813,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81815,81816,81844],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81817,81818,81820,81822,81824,81826,81828,81830,81832,81834,81836,81838,81840,81842],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81819,331],{"class":83},[69,81821,706],{"class":699},[69,81823,88],{"class":703},[69,81825,706],{"class":699},[69,81827,91],{"class":83},[69,81829,700],{"class":699},[69,81831,1155],{"class":703},[69,81833,706],{"class":699},[69,81835,91],{"class":83},[69,81837,700],{"class":699},[69,81839,346],{"class":703},[69,81841,706],{"class":699},[69,81843,117],{"class":83},[69,81845,81846],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,81847,833],{"class":83},[20,81849,81850],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81852,81853],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[60,81855,81857],{"className":62,"code":81856,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81858,81859,81879,81901,81905,81915],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81860,81861,81863,81865,81867,81869,81871,81873,81875,81877],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81862,76],{"class":75},[69,81864,80],{"class":79},[69,81866,84],{"class":83},[69,81868,88],{"class":87},[69,81870,91],{"class":83},[69,81872,94],{"class":87},[69,81874,91],{"class":83},[69,81876,99],{"class":87},[69,81878,117],{"class":83},[69,81880,81881,81883,81885,81887,81889,81891,81893,81895,81897,81899],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,81882,123],{"class":75},[69,81884,80],{"class":79},[69,81886,2162],{"class":177},[69,81888,132],{"class":83},[69,81890,2457],{"class":128},[69,81892,132],{"class":83},[69,81894,4164],{"class":177},[69,81896,91],{"class":83},[69,81898,163],{"class":146},[69,81900,318],{"class":83},[69,81902,81903],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,81904,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,81906,81907,81909,81911,81913],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,81908,172],{"class":128},[69,81910,132],{"class":83},[69,81912,183],{"class":146},[69,81914,166],{"class":83},[69,81916,81917,81919,81921,81923],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,81918,172],{"class":128},[69,81920,132],{"class":83},[69,81922,183],{"class":146},[69,81924,166],{"class":83},[20,81926,321],{},[60,81928,81930],{"className":62,"code":81929,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81931,81932,81960],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,81933,81934,81936,81938,81940,81942,81944,81946,81948,81950,81952,81954,81956,81958],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,81935,331],{"class":83},[69,81937,706],{"class":699},[69,81939,88],{"class":703},[69,81941,706],{"class":699},[69,81943,91],{"class":83},[69,81945,700],{"class":699},[69,81947,1155],{"class":703},[69,81949,706],{"class":699},[69,81951,91],{"class":83},[69,81953,700],{"class":699},[69,81955,346],{"class":703},[69,81957,706],{"class":699},[69,81959,117],{"class":83},[69,81961,81962,81964,81966,81968,81970,81972,81974,81976,81978,81980,81982,81984,81986],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,81963,331],{"class":83},[69,81965,706],{"class":699},[69,81967,88],{"class":703},[69,81969,706],{"class":699},[69,81971,91],{"class":83},[69,81973,700],{"class":699},[69,81975,1155],{"class":703},[69,81977,706],{"class":699},[69,81979,91],{"class":83},[69,81981,700],{"class":699},[69,81983,346],{"class":703},[69,81985,706],{"class":699},[69,81987,117],{"class":83},[55,81989,1373,81991],{"id":81990},"when-to-use-map",[15,81992,2314],{},[20,81994,81995,81997],{},[15,81996,2314],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81999,82000],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[29,82002,82003,82007,82011],{},[32,82004,82005],{},[15,82006,4164],{},[32,82008,82009],{},[15,82010,2919],{},[32,82012,82013],{},[15,82014,2751],{},[20,82016,234],{},[60,82018,82020],{"className":62,"code":82019,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,82021,82022,82054,82076,82080],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,82023,82024,82026,82028,82030,82032,82034,82036,82038,82040,82042,82044,82046,82048,82050,82052],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,82025,4536],{"class":75},[69,82027,80],{"class":79},[69,82029,84],{"class":83},[69,82031,706],{"class":699},[69,82033,88],{"class":703},[69,82035,706],{"class":699},[69,82037,91],{"class":83},[69,82039,700],{"class":699},[69,82041,1155],{"class":703},[69,82043,706],{"class":699},[69,82045,91],{"class":83},[69,82047,700],{"class":699},[69,82049,346],{"class":703},[69,82051,706],{"class":699},[69,82053,117],{"class":83},[69,82055,82056,82058,82060,82062,82064,82066,82068,82070,82072,82074],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,82057,76],{"class":75},[69,82059,80],{"class":79},[69,82061,2162],{"class":177},[69,82063,132],{"class":83},[69,82065,2457],{"class":128},[69,82067,132],{"class":83},[69,82069,2919],{"class":177},[69,82071,91],{"class":83},[69,82073,4594],{"class":146},[69,82075,318],{"class":83},[69,82077,82078],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,82079,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,82081,82082,82084,82086,82088],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,82083,172],{"class":128},[69,82085,132],{"class":83},[69,82087,4366],{"class":146},[69,82089,166],{"class":83},[20,82091,321],{},[60,82093,82094],{"className":62,"code":55625,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,82095,82096],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,82097,82098,82100,82102,82104,82106,82108,82110],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,82099,331],{"class":83},[69,82101,88],{"class":87},[69,82103,91],{"class":83},[69,82105,94],{"class":87},[69,82107,91],{"class":83},[69,82109,99],{"class":87},[69,82111,117],{"class":83},[20,82113,82114],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,82116,82117],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[60,82119,82121],{"className":62,"code":82120,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,82122,82123,82143,82165],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,82124,82125,82127,82129,82131,82133,82135,82137,82139,82141],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,82126,76],{"class":75},[69,82128,80],{"class":79},[69,82130,84],{"class":83},[69,82132,88],{"class":87},[69,82134,91],{"class":83},[69,82136,94],{"class":87},[69,82138,91],{"class":83},[69,82140,99],{"class":87},[69,82142,117],{"class":83},[69,82144,82145,82147,82149,82151,82153,82155,82157,82159,82161,82163],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,82146,123],{"class":75},[69,82148,80],{"class":79},[69,82150,2162],{"class":177},[69,82152,132],{"class":83},[69,82154,2457],{"class":128},[69,82156,132],{"class":83},[69,82158,4164],{"class":177},[69,82160,91],{"class":83},[69,82162,163],{"class":146},[69,82164,318],{"class":83},[69,82166,82167,82169,82171,82173],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,82168,172],{"class":128},[69,82170,132],{"class":83},[69,82172,183],{"class":146},[69,82174,166],{"class":83},[60,82176,82178],{"className":62,"code":82177,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,82179,82180,82200,82227],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,82181,82182,82184,82186,82188,82190,82192,82194,82196,82198],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,82183,76],{"class":75},[69,82185,80],{"class":79},[69,82187,84],{"class":83},[69,82189,88],{"class":87},[69,82191,91],{"class":83},[69,82193,94],{"class":87},[69,82195,91],{"class":83},[69,82197,99],{"class":87},[69,82199,117],{"class":83},[69,82201,82202,82204,82206,82208,82210,82212,82214,82216,82218,82221,82223,82225],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,82203,123],{"class":75},[69,82205,80],{"class":79},[69,82207,84],{"class":83},[69,82209,4164],{"class":177},[69,82211,132],{"class":83},[69,82213,76508],{"class":146},[69,82215,938],{"class":83},[69,82217,4587],{"class":1053},[69,82219,82220],{"class":75}," n ",[69,82222,1574],{"class":1053},[69,82224,163],{"class":75},[69,82226,117],{"class":83},[69,82228,82229,82231,82233,82235],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,82230,172],{"class":128},[69,82232,132],{"class":83},[69,82234,183],{"class":146},[69,82236,166],{"class":83},[20,82238,82239],{},"Both produce:",[60,82241,82242],{"className":62,"code":81603,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,82243,82244],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,82245,82246,82248,82250,82252,82254,82256,82258,82260,82262,82264,82266,82268,82270],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,82247,331],{"class":83},[69,82249,706],{"class":699},[69,82251,88],{"class":703},[69,82253,706],{"class":699},[69,82255,91],{"class":83},[69,82257,700],{"class":699},[69,82259,1155],{"class":703},[69,82261,706],{"class":699},[69,82263,91],{"class":83},[69,82265,700],{"class":699},[69,82267,346],{"class":703},[69,82269,706],{"class":699},[69,82271,117],{"class":83},[20,82273,82274],{},"A simple rule:",[29,82276,82277,82282,82287],{},[32,82278,2597,82279,82281],{},[15,82280,2314],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[32,82283,2603,82284,82286],{},[15,82285,1514],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[32,82288,82289],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,82291,82292,82293,537],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[533,82294,5095],{"href":5094},[55,82296,5222],{"id":5221},[377,82298,82300,82301],{"id":82299},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,82302,52],{},[20,82304,82305],{},"This is very common:",[60,82307,82308],{"className":62,"code":81453,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,82309,82310,82330,82348,82352],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,82311,82312,82314,82316,82318,82320,82322,82324,82326,82328],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,82313,76],{"class":75},[69,82315,80],{"class":79},[69,82317,84],{"class":83},[69,82319,88],{"class":87},[69,82321,91],{"class":83},[69,82323,94],{"class":87},[69,82325,91],{"class":83},[69,82327,99],{"class":87},[69,82329,117],{"class":83},[69,82331,82332,82334,82336,82338,82340,82342,82344,82346],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,82333,123],{"class":75},[69,82335,80],{"class":79},[69,82337,80500],{"class":128},[69,82339,132],{"class":83},[69,82341,4164],{"class":177},[69,82343,91],{"class":83},[69,82345,163],{"class":146},[69,82347,166],{"class":83},[69,82349,82350],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,82351,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,82353,82354,82356,82358,82360],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,82355,172],{"class":128},[69,82357,132],{"class":83},[69,82359,183],{"class":146},[69,82361,166],{"class":83},[20,82363,82364],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,82366,1849],{},[60,82368,82370],{"className":62,"code":82369,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(list(result))\n",[15,82371,82372],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,82373,82374,82376,82378,82380,82382,82384],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,82375,172],{"class":128},[69,82377,132],{"class":83},[69,82379,178],{"class":177},[69,82381,132],{"class":83},[69,82383,183],{"class":146},[69,82385,318],{"class":83},[377,82387,82389],{"id":82388},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,82391,2235],{},[60,82393,82395],{"className":62,"code":82394,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,82396,82397,82417],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,82398,82399,82401,82403,82405,82407,82409,82411,82413,82415],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,82400,76],{"class":75},[69,82402,80],{"class":79},[69,82404,84],{"class":83},[69,82406,88],{"class":87},[69,82408,91],{"class":83},[69,82410,94],{"class":87},[69,82412,91],{"class":83},[69,82414,99],{"class":87},[69,82416,117],{"class":83},[69,82418,82419,82421,82423,82425,82427,82429,82432,82434],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,82420,123],{"class":75},[69,82422,80],{"class":79},[69,82424,80500],{"class":128},[69,82426,132],{"class":83},[69,82428,4164],{"class":177},[69,82430,82431],{"class":83},"(),",[69,82433,163],{"class":146},[69,82435,166],{"class":83},[20,82437,82438,82439,82441,82442,82444],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,82440,48156],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,82443,2314],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,82446,2253],{},[60,82448,82449],{"className":62,"code":81540,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,82450,82451,82471,82489,82493],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,82452,82453,82455,82457,82459,82461,82463,82465,82467,82469],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,82454,76],{"class":75},[69,82456,80],{"class":79},[69,82458,84],{"class":83},[69,82460,88],{"class":87},[69,82462,91],{"class":83},[69,82464,94],{"class":87},[69,82466,91],{"class":83},[69,82468,99],{"class":87},[69,82470,117],{"class":83},[69,82472,82473,82475,82477,82479,82481,82483,82485,82487],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,82474,123],{"class":75},[69,82476,80],{"class":79},[69,82478,80500],{"class":128},[69,82480,132],{"class":83},[69,82482,4164],{"class":177},[69,82484,91],{"class":83},[69,82486,163],{"class":146},[69,82488,166],{"class":83},[69,82490,82491],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,82492,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,82494,82495,82497,82499,82501,82503,82505],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,82496,172],{"class":128},[69,82498,132],{"class":83},[69,82500,178],{"class":177},[69,82502,132],{"class":83},[69,82504,183],{"class":146},[69,82506,318],{"class":83},[377,82508,82510],{"id":82509},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,82512,82513],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,82515,2235],{},[60,82517,82519],{"className":62,"code":82518,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82520,82521,82538,82548,82552,82572,82591,82595],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,82522,82523,82525,82528,82530,82532,82534,82536],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,82524,1036],{"class":135},[69,82526,82527],{"class":1039}," add",[69,82529,132],{"class":83},[69,82531,533],{"class":139},[69,82533,91],{"class":83},[69,82535,3285],{"class":139},[69,82537,1048],{"class":83},[69,82539,82540,82542,82544,82546],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,82541,1054],{"class":1053},[69,82543,45016],{"class":75},[69,82545,2792],{"class":79},[69,82547,36872],{"class":75},[69,82549,82550],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,82551,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,82553,82554,82556,82558,82560,82562,82564,82566,82568,82570],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,82555,76],{"class":75},[69,82557,80],{"class":79},[69,82559,84],{"class":83},[69,82561,88],{"class":87},[69,82563,91],{"class":83},[69,82565,94],{"class":87},[69,82567,91],{"class":83},[69,82569,99],{"class":87},[69,82571,117],{"class":83},[69,82573,82574,82576,82578,82580,82582,82585,82587,82589],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,82575,123],{"class":75},[69,82577,80],{"class":79},[69,82579,80500],{"class":128},[69,82581,132],{"class":83},[69,82583,82584],{"class":146},"add",[69,82586,91],{"class":83},[69,82588,163],{"class":146},[69,82590,166],{"class":83},[69,82592,82593],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,82594,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,82596,82597,82599,82601,82603,82605,82607],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,82598,172],{"class":128},[69,82600,132],{"class":83},[69,82602,178],{"class":177},[69,82604,132],{"class":83},[69,82606,183],{"class":146},[69,82608,318],{"class":83},[20,82610,2253],{},[60,82612,82614],{"className":62,"code":82613,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82615,82616,82632,82642,82646,82666,82686,82708,82712],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,82617,82618,82620,82622,82624,82626,82628,82630],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,82619,1036],{"class":135},[69,82621,82527],{"class":1039},[69,82623,132],{"class":83},[69,82625,533],{"class":139},[69,82627,91],{"class":83},[69,82629,3285],{"class":139},[69,82631,1048],{"class":83},[69,82633,82634,82636,82638,82640],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,82635,1054],{"class":1053},[69,82637,45016],{"class":75},[69,82639,2792],{"class":79},[69,82641,36872],{"class":75},[69,82643,82644],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,82645,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,82647,82648,82650,82652,82654,82656,82658,82660,82662,82664],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,82649,81136],{"class":75},[69,82651,80],{"class":79},[69,82653,84],{"class":83},[69,82655,88],{"class":87},[69,82657,91],{"class":83},[69,82659,94],{"class":87},[69,82661,91],{"class":83},[69,82663,99],{"class":87},[69,82665,117],{"class":83},[69,82667,82668,82670,82672,82674,82676,82678,82680,82682,82684],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,82669,81157],{"class":75},[69,82671,80],{"class":79},[69,82673,84],{"class":83},[69,82675,444],{"class":87},[69,82677,91],{"class":83},[69,82679,454],{"class":87},[69,82681,91],{"class":83},[69,82683,8482],{"class":87},[69,82685,117],{"class":83},[69,82687,82688,82690,82692,82694,82696,82698,82700,82702,82704,82706],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,82689,123],{"class":75},[69,82691,80],{"class":79},[69,82693,80500],{"class":128},[69,82695,132],{"class":83},[69,82697,82584],{"class":146},[69,82699,91],{"class":83},[69,82701,81195],{"class":146},[69,82703,91],{"class":83},[69,82705,81200],{"class":146},[69,82707,166],{"class":83},[69,82709,82710],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,82711,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,82713,82714,82716,82718,82720,82722,82724],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,82715,172],{"class":128},[69,82717,132],{"class":83},[69,82719,178],{"class":177},[69,82721,132],{"class":83},[69,82723,183],{"class":146},[69,82725,318],{"class":83},[377,82727,82729],{"id":82728},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82731,2235],{},[60,82733,82734],{"className":62,"code":81736,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,82735,82736,82756,82774,82778,82792],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,82737,82738,82740,82742,82744,82746,82748,82750,82752,82754],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,82739,76],{"class":75},[69,82741,80],{"class":79},[69,82743,84],{"class":83},[69,82745,88],{"class":87},[69,82747,91],{"class":83},[69,82749,94],{"class":87},[69,82751,91],{"class":83},[69,82753,99],{"class":87},[69,82755,117],{"class":83},[69,82757,82758,82760,82762,82764,82766,82768,82770,82772],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,82759,123],{"class":75},[69,82761,80],{"class":79},[69,82763,80500],{"class":128},[69,82765,132],{"class":83},[69,82767,4164],{"class":177},[69,82769,91],{"class":83},[69,82771,163],{"class":146},[69,82773,166],{"class":83},[69,82775,82776],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,82777,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,82779,82780,82782,82784,82786,82788,82790],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,82781,172],{"class":128},[69,82783,132],{"class":83},[69,82785,178],{"class":177},[69,82787,132],{"class":83},[69,82789,183],{"class":146},[69,82791,318],{"class":83},[69,82793,82794,82796,82798,82800,82802,82804],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,82795,172],{"class":128},[69,82797,132],{"class":83},[69,82799,178],{"class":177},[69,82801,132],{"class":83},[69,82803,183],{"class":146},[69,82805,318],{"class":83},[20,82807,82808],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82810,82811],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[55,82813,68373],{"id":68372},[20,82815,9561,82816,82818],{},[15,82817,2314],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[60,82820,82822],{"className":62,"code":82821,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82823,82824,82834,82848,82862,82874],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,82825,82826,82828,82830,82832],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,82827,172],{"class":128},[69,82829,132],{"class":83},[69,82831,183],{"class":146},[69,82833,166],{"class":83},[69,82835,82836,82838,82840,82842,82844,82846],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,82837,172],{"class":128},[69,82839,132],{"class":83},[69,82841,178],{"class":177},[69,82843,132],{"class":83},[69,82845,183],{"class":146},[69,82847,318],{"class":83},[69,82849,82850,82852,82854,82856,82858,82860],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,82851,172],{"class":128},[69,82853,132],{"class":83},[69,82855,641],{"class":177},[69,82857,132],{"class":83},[69,82859,183],{"class":146},[69,82861,318],{"class":83},[69,82863,82864,82866,82868,82870,82872],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,82865,1514],{"class":1053},[69,82867,6658],{"class":75},[69,82869,1574],{"class":1053},[69,82871,81695],{"class":75},[69,82873,1579],{"class":83},[69,82875,82876,82878,82880,82882],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,82877,8756],{"class":128},[69,82879,132],{"class":83},[69,82881,23999],{"class":146},[69,82883,166],{"class":83},[20,82885,13364],{},[29,82887,82888,82893,82898,82904],{},[32,82889,82890,82892],{},[15,82891,33717],{}," shows that you have a map object",[32,82894,82895,82897],{},[15,82896,33725],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[32,82899,82900,82903],{},[15,82901,82902],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[32,82905,82906,82907,82909],{},"looping over ",[15,82908,183],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82911,82912,82913,82916,82917,82919],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82914,82915],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82918,1514],{}," loop consume the map object.",[55,82921,2519],{"id":2518},[377,82923,2523,82925,82927],{"id":82924},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82926,2314],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82929,82930,82931,82933,82934,24627],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82932,2314],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82935,82936],{},"list(map(...))",[377,82938,15595,82940,82942,82943,82945],{"id":82939},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82941,2314],{}," better than a ",[15,82944,1514],{}," loop?",[20,82947,82948,82949,82951,82952,82954],{},"Not always. ",[15,82950,2314],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82953,1514],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[377,82956,5871,82958,82960],{"id":82957},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82959,2314],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82962,82963],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[377,82965,82967],{"id":82966},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82969,82970],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[55,82972,2620],{"id":2619},[29,82974,82975,82981,82987,82991,82995],{},[32,82976,82977],{},[533,82978,13,82979,2515],{"href":2699},[15,82980,17],{},[32,82982,82983],{},[533,82984,13,82985,2515],{"href":65325},[15,82986,52],{},[32,82988,82989],{},[533,82990,2632],{"href":5835},[32,82992,82993],{},[533,82994,5926],{"href":5094},[32,82996,82997],{},[533,82998,2648],{"href":5838},[2650,83000,83001],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":83003},[83004,83005,83007,83008,83009,83011,83016,83023,83025,83032,83033,83042],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":80579,"depth":120,"text":83006},"What map() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":12164,"depth":120,"text":12165},{"id":80898,"depth":120,"text":83010},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":81082,"depth":120,"text":83012,"children":83013},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[83014],{"id":81270,"depth":169,"text":83015},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81427,"depth":120,"text":83017,"children":83018},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[83019,83021,83022],{"id":81445,"depth":169,"text":83020},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81636,"depth":169,"text":81637},{"id":81729,"depth":169,"text":81730},{"id":81990,"depth":120,"text":83024},"When to use map()",{"id":5221,"depth":120,"text":5222,"children":83026},[83027,83029,83030,83031],{"id":82299,"depth":169,"text":83028},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":82388,"depth":169,"text":82389},{"id":82509,"depth":169,"text":82510},{"id":82728,"depth":169,"text":82729},{"id":68372,"depth":120,"text":68373},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":83034},[83035,83037,83039,83041],{"id":82924,"depth":169,"text":83036},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82939,"depth":169,"text":83038},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82957,"depth":169,"text":83040},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82966,"depth":169,"text":82967},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80411,"description":83043},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":83050,"title":83051,"body":83052,"description":85072,"extension":2697,"meta":85073,"navigation":272,"path":85074,"seo":85075,"stem":85076,"__hash__":85077},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":83053,"toc":85030},[83054,83060,83065,83068,83076,83079,83081,83205,83207,83225,83227,83247,83252,83256,83270,83273,83276,83278,83283,83395,83398,83416,83422,83425,83487,83489,83498,83501,83515,83517,83565,83567,83576,83586,83592,83595,83622,83624,83632,83635,83638,83708,83710,83718,83721,83726,83731,83782,83784,83792,83795,83797,83814,83816,83868,83871,83877,83881,83886,83889,83893,83952,83954,83963,83969,83978,83982,84045,84047,84055,84060,84064,84069,84149,84151,84160,84167,84172,84177,84180,84215,84217,84225,84228,84234,84236,84286,84288,84297,84300,84318,84320,84325,84331,84338,84365,84367,84390,84395,84430,84435,84441,84446,84489,84492,84495,84534,84541,84547,84552,84567,84571,84578,84581,84585,84590,84594,84599,84601,84662,84664,84693,84698,84705,84714,84716,84719,84744,84746,84849,84852,84870,84879,84881,84886,84889,84895,84898,84900,84910,84916,84920,84978,84985,84993,84995,85027],[10,83055,13,83057,18],{"id":83056},"python-max-function-explained",[15,83058,83059],{},"max()",[20,83061,9809,83062,83064],{},[15,83063,83059],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,83066,83067],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[29,83069,83070,83073],{},[32,83071,83072],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[32,83074,83075],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,83077,83078],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[55,83080,58],{"id":57},[60,83082,83084],{"className":62,"code":83083,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83085,83086,83110,83125,83129,83155,83159,83191],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83087,83088,83090,83092,83094,83096,83098,83100,83102,83104,83106,83108],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83089,76],{"class":75},[69,83091,80],{"class":79},[69,83093,84],{"class":83},[69,83095,346],{"class":87},[69,83097,91],{"class":83},[69,83099,2504],{"class":87},[69,83101,91],{"class":83},[69,83103,94],{"class":87},[69,83105,91],{"class":83},[69,83107,109],{"class":87},[69,83109,117],{"class":83},[69,83111,83112,83114,83116,83119,83121,83123],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,83113,172],{"class":128},[69,83115,132],{"class":83},[69,83117,83118],{"class":128},"max",[69,83120,132],{"class":83},[69,83122,4366],{"class":146},[69,83124,318],{"class":83},[69,83126,83127],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,83128,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,83130,83131,83133,83135,83137,83139,83141,83143,83145,83147,83149,83151,83153],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,83132,172],{"class":128},[69,83134,132],{"class":83},[69,83136,83118],{"class":128},[69,83138,132],{"class":83},[69,83140,346],{"class":87},[69,83142,91],{"class":83},[69,83144,2504],{"class":87},[69,83146,91],{"class":83},[69,83148,94],{"class":87},[69,83150,91],{"class":83},[69,83152,109],{"class":87},[69,83154,318],{"class":83},[69,83156,83157],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,83158,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,83160,83161,83163,83165,83167,83169,83171,83173,83175,83177,83179,83181,83183,83185,83187,83189],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,83162,864],{"class":75},[69,83164,80],{"class":79},[69,83166,84],{"class":83},[69,83168,871],{"class":699},[69,83170,874],{"class":703},[69,83172,871],{"class":699},[69,83174,91],{"class":83},[69,83176,881],{"class":699},[69,83178,893],{"class":703},[69,83180,871],{"class":699},[69,83182,91],{"class":83},[69,83184,881],{"class":699},[69,83186,79222],{"class":703},[69,83188,871],{"class":699},[69,83190,117],{"class":83},[69,83192,83193,83195,83197,83199,83201,83203],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,83194,172],{"class":128},[69,83196,132],{"class":83},[69,83198,83118],{"class":128},[69,83200,132],{"class":83},[69,83202,4817],{"class":146},[69,83204,318],{"class":83},[20,83206,321],{},[60,83208,83210],{"className":62,"code":83209,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,83211,83212,83216,83220],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83213,83214],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83215,3108],{"class":87},[69,83217,83218],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,83219,3108],{"class":87},[69,83221,83222],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,83223,83224],{"class":75},"pear\n",[20,83226,20648],{},[29,83228,83229,83235,83241],{},[32,83230,83231,83234],{},[15,83232,83233],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[32,83236,83237,83240],{},[15,83238,83239],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[32,83242,83243,83246],{},[15,83244,83245],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[55,83248,202,83250,205],{"id":83249},"what-max-does",[15,83251,83059],{},[20,83253,83254,143],{},[15,83255,83059],{},[29,83257,83258,83261,83264,83267],{},[32,83259,83260],{},"Returns the largest item",[32,83262,83263],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[32,83265,83266],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[32,83268,83269],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,83271,83272],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,83274,83275],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[55,83277,2888],{"id":2887},[20,83279,83280,83281,143],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,83282,83059],{},[60,83284,83286],{"className":62,"code":83285,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,83287,83288,83298,83322,83344,83367],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83289,83290,83292,83294,83296],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83291,83118],{"class":128},[69,83293,132],{"class":83},[69,83295,399],{"class":146},[69,83297,166],{"class":83},[69,83299,83300,83302,83304,83306,83308,83311,83313,83315,83317,83320],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,83301,83118],{"class":128},[69,83303,132],{"class":83},[69,83305,399],{"class":146},[69,83307,91],{"class":83},[69,83309,83310],{"class":79}," *",[69,83312,91],{"class":83},[69,83314,22269],{"class":9862},[69,83316,80],{"class":79},[69,83318,83319],{"class":146},"func",[69,83321,166],{"class":83},[69,83323,83324,83326,83328,83330,83332,83334,83336,83338,83340,83342],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,83325,83118],{"class":128},[69,83327,132],{"class":83},[69,83329,399],{"class":146},[69,83331,91],{"class":83},[69,83333,83310],{"class":79},[69,83335,91],{"class":83},[69,83337,27211],{"class":9862},[69,83339,80],{"class":79},[69,83341,3198],{"class":146},[69,83343,166],{"class":83},[69,83345,83346,83348,83350,83353,83355,83358,83360,83362,83365],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,83347,83118],{"class":128},[69,83349,132],{"class":83},[69,83351,83352],{"class":146},"arg1",[69,83354,91],{"class":83},[69,83356,83357],{"class":146}," arg2",[69,83359,91],{"class":83},[69,83361,83310],{"class":79},[69,83363,83364],{"class":146},"args",[69,83366,166],{"class":83},[69,83368,83369,83371,83373,83375,83377,83379,83381,83383,83385,83387,83389,83391,83393],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,83370,83118],{"class":128},[69,83372,132],{"class":83},[69,83374,83352],{"class":146},[69,83376,91],{"class":83},[69,83378,83357],{"class":146},[69,83380,91],{"class":83},[69,83382,83310],{"class":79},[69,83384,83364],{"class":146},[69,83386,91],{"class":83},[69,83388,22269],{"class":9862},[69,83390,80],{"class":79},[69,83392,83319],{"class":146},[69,83394,166],{"class":83},[20,83396,83397],{},"The most important parts are:",[29,83399,83400,83405,83410],{},[32,83401,83402,83404],{},[15,83403,399],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[32,83406,83407,83409],{},[15,83408,15533],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[32,83411,83412,83415],{},[15,83413,83414],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[55,83417,840,83419,83421],{"id":83418},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,83420,83059],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,83423,83424],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[60,83426,83428],{"className":62,"code":83427,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,83429,83430,83456,83472,83476],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83431,83432,83434,83436,83438,83441,83443,83445,83447,83449,83451,83454],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83433,5768],{"class":75},[69,83435,80],{"class":79},[69,83437,84],{"class":83},[69,83439,83440],{"class":87},"72",[69,83442,91],{"class":83},[69,83444,51984],{"class":87},[69,83446,91],{"class":83},[69,83448,14200],{"class":87},[69,83450,91],{"class":83},[69,83452,83453],{"class":87}," 66",[69,83455,117],{"class":83},[69,83457,83458,83461,83463,83466,83468,83470],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,83459,83460],{"class":75},"highest_score ",[69,83462,80],{"class":79},[69,83464,83465],{"class":128}," max",[69,83467,132],{"class":83},[69,83469,17080],{"class":146},[69,83471,166],{"class":83},[69,83473,83474],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,83475,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,83477,83478,83480,83482,83485],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,83479,172],{"class":128},[69,83481,132],{"class":83},[69,83483,83484],{"class":146},"highest_score",[69,83486,166],{"class":83},[20,83488,321],{},[60,83490,83492],{"className":62,"code":83491,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"91\n",[15,83493,83494],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83495,83496],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83497,83491],{"class":87},[20,83499,83500],{},"This works well for:",[29,83502,83503,83506,83509,83512],{},[32,83504,83505],{},"Scores",[32,83507,83508],{},"Prices",[32,83510,83511],{},"Ages",[32,83513,83514],{},"Counts",[20,83516,52554],{},[60,83518,83520],{"className":62,"code":83519,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,83521,83522,83550],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83523,83524,83527,83529,83531,83533,83535,83538,83540,83543,83545,83548],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83525,83526],{"class":75},"prices ",[69,83528,80],{"class":79},[69,83530,84],{"class":83},[69,83532,40867],{"class":87},[69,83534,91],{"class":83},[69,83536,83537],{"class":87}," 5.50",[69,83539,91],{"class":83},[69,83541,83542],{"class":87}," 12.75",[69,83544,91],{"class":83},[69,83546,83547],{"class":87}," 29.00",[69,83549,117],{"class":83},[69,83551,83552,83554,83556,83558,83560,83563],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,83553,172],{"class":128},[69,83555,132],{"class":83},[69,83557,83118],{"class":128},[69,83559,132],{"class":83},[69,83561,83562],{"class":146},"prices",[69,83564,318],{"class":83},[20,83566,321],{},[60,83568,83570],{"className":62,"code":83569,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"29.0\n",[15,83571,83572],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83573,83574],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83575,83569],{"class":87},[20,83577,83578,83579,83581,83582,537],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83580,83059],{}," is simpler than ",[533,83583,83584],{"href":74999},[15,83585,74902],{},[55,83587,840,83589,83591],{"id":83588},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83590,83059],{}," with separate values",[20,83593,83594],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[60,83596,83598],{"className":62,"code":83597,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83599,83600],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83601,83602,83604,83606,83608,83610,83612,83614,83616,83618,83620],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83603,172],{"class":128},[69,83605,132],{"class":83},[69,83607,83118],{"class":128},[69,83609,132],{"class":83},[69,83611,334],{"class":87},[69,83613,91],{"class":83},[69,83615,31632],{"class":87},[69,83617,91],{"class":83},[69,83619,6690],{"class":87},[69,83621,318],{"class":83},[20,83623,321],{},[60,83625,83626],{"className":62,"code":2954,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,83627,83628],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83629,83630],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83631,2954],{"class":87},[20,83633,83634],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83636,83637],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[60,83639,83641],{"className":62,"code":83640,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83642,83643,83652,83660,83670,83674,83697],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83644,83645,83647,83649],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83646,3280],{"class":75},[69,83648,80],{"class":79},[69,83650,83651],{"class":87}," 15\n",[69,83653,83654,83656,83658],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,83655,3308],{"class":75},[69,83657,80],{"class":79},[69,83659,3495],{"class":87},[69,83661,83662,83665,83667],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,83663,83664],{"class":75},"c ",[69,83666,80],{"class":79},[69,83668,83669],{"class":87}," 27\n",[69,83671,83672],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,83673,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,83675,83676,83679,83681,83683,83685,83687,83689,83691,83693,83695],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,83677,83678],{"class":75},"largest ",[69,83680,80],{"class":79},[69,83682,83465],{"class":128},[69,83684,132],{"class":83},[69,83686,533],{"class":146},[69,83688,91],{"class":83},[69,83690,3285],{"class":146},[69,83692,91],{"class":83},[69,83694,10367],{"class":146},[69,83696,166],{"class":83},[69,83698,83699,83701,83703,83706],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,83700,172],{"class":128},[69,83702,132],{"class":83},[69,83704,83705],{"class":146},"largest",[69,83707,166],{"class":83},[20,83709,321],{},[60,83711,83712],{"className":62,"code":47084,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,83713,83714],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83715,83716],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83717,47084],{"class":87},[20,83719,83720],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[55,83722,840,83724,47531],{"id":83723},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83725,83059],{},[20,83727,83728,83730],{},[15,83729,83059],{}," can compare strings too.",[60,83732,83734],{"className":62,"code":83733,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83735,83736,83768],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83737,83738,83740,83742,83744,83746,83748,83750,83752,83754,83756,83758,83760,83762,83764,83766],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83739,864],{"class":75},[69,83741,80],{"class":79},[69,83743,84],{"class":83},[69,83745,871],{"class":699},[69,83747,874],{"class":703},[69,83749,871],{"class":699},[69,83751,91],{"class":83},[69,83753,881],{"class":699},[69,83755,893],{"class":703},[69,83757,871],{"class":699},[69,83759,91],{"class":83},[69,83761,881],{"class":699},[69,83763,79222],{"class":703},[69,83765,871],{"class":699},[69,83767,117],{"class":83},[69,83769,83770,83772,83774,83776,83778,83780],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,83771,172],{"class":128},[69,83773,132],{"class":83},[69,83775,83118],{"class":128},[69,83777,132],{"class":83},[69,83779,4817],{"class":146},[69,83781,318],{"class":83},[20,83783,321],{},[60,83785,83786],{"className":62,"code":83224,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,83787,83788],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83789,83790],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83791,83224],{"class":75},[20,83793,83794],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83796,68761],{},[29,83798,83799,83808,83811],{},[32,83800,83801,83804,83805,83807],{},[15,83802,83803],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83806,65752],{}," alphabetically",[32,83809,83810],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[32,83812,83813],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83815,234],{},[60,83817,83819],{"className":62,"code":83818,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83820,83821,83854],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83822,83823,83825,83827,83829,83831,83833,83835,83837,83839,83842,83844,83846,83848,83850,83852],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83824,864],{"class":75},[69,83826,80],{"class":79},[69,83828,84],{"class":83},[69,83830,871],{"class":699},[69,83832,874],{"class":703},[69,83834,871],{"class":699},[69,83836,91],{"class":83},[69,83838,881],{"class":699},[69,83840,83841],{"class":703},"Banana",[69,83843,871],{"class":699},[69,83845,91],{"class":83},[69,83847,881],{"class":699},[69,83849,79222],{"class":703},[69,83851,871],{"class":699},[69,83853,117],{"class":83},[69,83855,83856,83858,83860,83862,83864,83866],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,83857,172],{"class":128},[69,83859,132],{"class":83},[69,83861,83118],{"class":128},[69,83863,132],{"class":83},[69,83865,4817],{"class":146},[69,83867,318],{"class":83},[20,83869,83870],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83872,83873,83874,83876],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83875,15533],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[55,83878,37303,83879,37306],{"id":79180},[15,83880,15533],{},[20,83882,2714,83883,83885],{},[15,83884,15533],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83887,83888],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[377,83890,83892],{"id":83891},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[60,83894,83896],{"className":62,"code":83895,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83897,83898,83930],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83899,83900,83902,83904,83906,83908,83910,83912,83914,83916,83918,83920,83922,83924,83926,83928],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83901,864],{"class":75},[69,83903,80],{"class":79},[69,83905,84],{"class":83},[69,83907,871],{"class":699},[69,83909,37738],{"class":703},[69,83911,871],{"class":699},[69,83913,91],{"class":83},[69,83915,881],{"class":699},[69,83917,68804],{"class":703},[69,83919,871],{"class":699},[69,83921,91],{"class":83},[69,83923,881],{"class":699},[69,83925,58603],{"class":703},[69,83927,871],{"class":699},[69,83929,117],{"class":83},[69,83931,83932,83934,83936,83938,83940,83942,83944,83946,83948,83950],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,83933,172],{"class":128},[69,83935,132],{"class":83},[69,83937,83118],{"class":128},[69,83939,132],{"class":83},[69,83941,4817],{"class":146},[69,83943,91],{"class":83},[69,83945,22269],{"class":9862},[69,83947,80],{"class":79},[69,83949,11850],{"class":128},[69,83951,318],{"class":83},[20,83953,321],{},[60,83955,83957],{"className":62,"code":83956,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"elephant\n",[15,83958,83959],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83960,83961],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83962,83956],{"class":75},[20,83964,1168,83965,83968],{},[15,83966,83967],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83970,83971,83972,34319,83974,537],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83973,42831],{},[533,83975,83976,6481],{"href":42828},[15,83977,42831],{},[377,83979,83981],{"id":83980},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[60,83983,83985],{"className":62,"code":83984,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83986,83987,84019],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,83988,83989,83991,83993,83995,83997,83999,84001,84003,84005,84007,84009,84011,84013,84015,84017],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,83990,864],{"class":75},[69,83992,80],{"class":79},[69,83994,84],{"class":83},[69,83996,871],{"class":699},[69,83998,874],{"class":703},[69,84000,871],{"class":699},[69,84002,91],{"class":83},[69,84004,881],{"class":699},[69,84006,83841],{"class":703},[69,84008,871],{"class":699},[69,84010,91],{"class":83},[69,84012,881],{"class":699},[69,84014,79222],{"class":703},[69,84016,871],{"class":699},[69,84018,117],{"class":83},[69,84020,84021,84023,84025,84027,84029,84031,84033,84035,84037,84039,84041,84043],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,84022,172],{"class":128},[69,84024,132],{"class":83},[69,84026,83118],{"class":128},[69,84028,132],{"class":83},[69,84030,4817],{"class":146},[69,84032,91],{"class":83},[69,84034,22269],{"class":9862},[69,84036,80],{"class":79},[69,84038,4164],{"class":177},[69,84040,537],{"class":83},[69,84042,9326],{"class":25438},[69,84044,318],{"class":83},[20,84046,321],{},[60,84048,84049],{"className":62,"code":83224,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,84050,84051],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84052,84053],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84054,83224],{"class":75},[20,84056,1168,84057,84059],{},[15,84058,79176],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[377,84061,84063],{"id":84062},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,84065,84066,84067,143],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,84068,136],{},[60,84070,84072],{"className":62,"code":84071,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,84073,84074,84117],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84075,84076,84078,84080,84082,84084,84086,84088,84090,84092,84095,84097,84099,84101,84104,84106,84108,84110,84113,84115],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84077,1252],{"class":75},[69,84079,80],{"class":79},[69,84081,84],{"class":83},[69,84083,871],{"class":699},[69,84085,533],{"class":703},[69,84087,871],{"class":699},[69,84089,91],{"class":83},[69,84091,881],{"class":699},[69,84093,84094],{"class":703},"bb",[69,84096,871],{"class":699},[69,84098,91],{"class":83},[69,84100,881],{"class":699},[69,84102,84103],{"class":703},"cccc",[69,84105,871],{"class":699},[69,84107,91],{"class":83},[69,84109,881],{"class":699},[69,84111,84112],{"class":703},"ddd",[69,84114,871],{"class":699},[69,84116,117],{"class":83},[69,84118,84119,84121,84123,84125,84127,84129,84131,84133,84135,84137,84139,84141,84143,84145,84147],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,84120,172],{"class":128},[69,84122,132],{"class":83},[69,84124,83118],{"class":128},[69,84126,132],{"class":83},[69,84128,8497],{"class":146},[69,84130,91],{"class":83},[69,84132,22269],{"class":9862},[69,84134,80],{"class":79},[69,84136,136],{"class":135},[69,84138,43312],{"class":139},[69,84140,143],{"class":83},[69,84142,930],{"class":128},[69,84144,132],{"class":83},[69,84146,35399],{"class":146},[69,84148,2019],{"class":83},[20,84150,321],{},[60,84152,84154],{"className":62,"code":84153,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"cccc\n",[15,84155,84156],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84157,84158],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84159,84153],{"class":75},[20,84161,50023,84162,5096,84164,84166],{},[15,84163,83967],{},[15,84165,79063],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[55,84168,37303,84170,37306],{"id":84169},"using-the-default-argument",[15,84171,83414],{},[20,84173,2714,84174,84176],{},[15,84175,83414],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,84178,84179],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[60,84181,84183],{"className":62,"code":84182,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84184,84185,84193],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84186,84187,84189,84191],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84188,76],{"class":75},[69,84190,80],{"class":79},[69,84192,1561],{"class":83},[69,84194,84195,84197,84199,84201,84203,84205,84207,84209,84211,84213],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,84196,172],{"class":128},[69,84198,132],{"class":83},[69,84200,83118],{"class":128},[69,84202,132],{"class":83},[69,84204,4366],{"class":146},[69,84206,91],{"class":83},[69,84208,27211],{"class":9862},[69,84210,80],{"class":79},[69,84212,1226],{"class":87},[69,84214,318],{"class":83},[20,84216,321],{},[60,84218,84219],{"className":62,"code":47724,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,84220,84221],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84222,84223],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84224,47724],{"class":87},[20,84226,84227],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,84229,84230,84231,84233],{},"Without ",[15,84232,83414],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,84235,52554],{},[60,84237,84239],{"className":62,"code":84238,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,84240,84241,84249,84276],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84242,84243,84245,84247],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84244,864],{"class":75},[69,84246,80],{"class":79},[69,84248,1561],{"class":83},[69,84250,84251,84253,84255,84257,84259,84261,84263,84265,84267,84269,84272,84274],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,84252,123],{"class":75},[69,84254,80],{"class":79},[69,84256,83465],{"class":128},[69,84258,132],{"class":83},[69,84260,4817],{"class":146},[69,84262,91],{"class":83},[69,84264,27211],{"class":9862},[69,84266,80],{"class":79},[69,84268,871],{"class":699},[69,84270,84271],{"class":703},"no words found",[69,84273,871],{"class":699},[69,84275,166],{"class":83},[69,84277,84278,84280,84282,84284],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,84279,172],{"class":128},[69,84281,132],{"class":83},[69,84283,183],{"class":146},[69,84285,166],{"class":83},[20,84287,321],{},[60,84289,84291],{"className":62,"code":84290,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"no words found\n",[15,84292,84293],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84294,84295],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84296,84290],{"class":75},[20,84298,84299],{},"Important:",[29,84301,84302,84310],{},[32,84303,84304,84306,84307],{},[15,84305,83414],{}," works with ",[15,84308,84309],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[32,84311,41375,84312,84314,84315],{},[42,84313,5334],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,84316,84317],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[55,84319,48459],{"id":48458},[20,84321,84322,84323,537],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,84324,83059],{},[377,84326,84328,84330],{"id":84327},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,84329,41173],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,84332,84333,84334,46380,84336,537],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,84335,83414],{},[15,84337,41173],{},[60,84339,84341],{"className":62,"code":84340,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,84342,84343,84351],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84344,84345,84347,84349],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84346,76],{"class":75},[69,84348,80],{"class":79},[69,84350,1561],{"class":83},[69,84352,84353,84355,84357,84359,84361,84363],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,84354,172],{"class":128},[69,84356,132],{"class":83},[69,84358,83118],{"class":128},[69,84360,132],{"class":83},[69,84362,4366],{"class":146},[69,84364,318],{"class":83},[20,84366,30369],{},[60,84368,84370],{"className":62,"code":84369,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,84371,84372],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84373,84374,84376,84378,84380,84382,84385,84387],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84375,41173],{"class":177},[69,84377,143],{"class":83},[69,84379,83465],{"class":128},[69,84381,8053],{"class":83},[69,84383,84384],{"class":75}," arg ",[69,84386,12885],{"class":79},[69,84388,84389],{"class":75}," an empty sequence\n",[20,84391,84392,84393,143],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,84394,83414],{},[60,84396,84398],{"className":62,"code":84397,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,84399,84400,84408],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84401,84402,84404,84406],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84403,76],{"class":75},[69,84405,80],{"class":79},[69,84407,1561],{"class":83},[69,84409,84410,84412,84414,84416,84418,84420,84422,84424,84426,84428],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,84411,172],{"class":128},[69,84413,132],{"class":83},[69,84415,83118],{"class":128},[69,84417,132],{"class":83},[69,84419,4366],{"class":146},[69,84421,91],{"class":83},[69,84423,27211],{"class":9862},[69,84425,80],{"class":79},[69,84427,1181],{"class":1203},[69,84429,318],{"class":83},[20,84431,84432,84433,537],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[533,84434,66317],{"href":73356},[377,84436,84438,84440],{"id":84437},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,84439,3728],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,84442,84443,84444,537],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,84445,3728],{},[60,84447,84449],{"className":62,"code":84448,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84450,84451,84475],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84452,84453,84455,84457,84459,84461,84463,84465,84467,84469,84471,84473],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84454,1252],{"class":75},[69,84456,80],{"class":79},[69,84458,84],{"class":83},[69,84460,444],{"class":87},[69,84462,91],{"class":83},[69,84464,881],{"class":699},[69,84466,522],{"class":703},[69,84468,871],{"class":699},[69,84470,91],{"class":83},[69,84472,8482],{"class":87},[69,84474,117],{"class":83},[69,84476,84477,84479,84481,84483,84485,84487],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,84478,172],{"class":128},[69,84480,132],{"class":83},[69,84482,83118],{"class":128},[69,84484,132],{"class":83},[69,84486,8497],{"class":146},[69,84488,318],{"class":83},[20,84490,84491],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,84493,84494],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[60,84496,84498],{"className":62,"code":84497,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84499,84500,84520],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84501,84502,84504,84506,84508,84510,84512,84514,84516,84518],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84503,1252],{"class":75},[69,84505,80],{"class":79},[69,84507,84],{"class":83},[69,84509,444],{"class":87},[69,84511,91],{"class":83},[69,84513,454],{"class":87},[69,84515,91],{"class":83},[69,84517,8482],{"class":87},[69,84519,117],{"class":83},[69,84521,84522,84524,84526,84528,84530,84532],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,84523,172],{"class":128},[69,84525,132],{"class":83},[69,84527,83118],{"class":128},[69,84529,132],{"class":83},[69,84531,8497],{"class":146},[69,84533,318],{"class":83},[20,84535,84536,84537,537],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[533,84538,84540],{"href":84539},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[377,84542,84544,84546],{"id":84543},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84545,3728],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,84548,84549,84551],{},[15,84550,83059],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[60,84553,84555],{"className":62,"code":84554,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(max())\n",[15,84556,84557],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84558,84559,84561,84563,84565],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84560,172],{"class":128},[69,84562,132],{"class":83},[69,84564,83118],{"class":128},[69,84566,7882],{"class":83},[20,84568,3725,84569,537],{},[15,84570,3728],{},[55,84572,84574,11272,84576],{"id":84573},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84575,83059],{},[15,84577,74902],{},[20,84579,84580],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84582,84583,143],{},[15,84584,83059],{},[29,84586,84587],{},[32,84588,84589],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84591,84592,143],{},[15,84593,74902],{},[29,84595,84596],{},[32,84597,84598],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84600,234],{},[60,84602,84604],{"className":62,"code":84603,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84605,84606,84630,84634,84648],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84607,84608,84610,84612,84614,84616,84618,84620,84622,84624,84626,84628],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84609,76],{"class":75},[69,84611,80],{"class":79},[69,84613,84],{"class":83},[69,84615,346],{"class":87},[69,84617,91],{"class":83},[69,84619,2504],{"class":87},[69,84621,91],{"class":83},[69,84623,94],{"class":87},[69,84625,91],{"class":83},[69,84627,109],{"class":87},[69,84629,117],{"class":83},[69,84631,84632],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,84633,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,84635,84636,84638,84640,84642,84644,84646],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,84637,172],{"class":128},[69,84639,132],{"class":83},[69,84641,83118],{"class":128},[69,84643,132],{"class":83},[69,84645,4366],{"class":146},[69,84647,318],{"class":83},[69,84649,84650,84652,84654,84656,84658,84660],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,84651,172],{"class":128},[69,84653,132],{"class":83},[69,84655,74992],{"class":128},[69,84657,132],{"class":83},[69,84659,4366],{"class":146},[69,84661,318],{"class":83},[20,84663,321],{},[60,84665,84667],{"className":62,"code":84666,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84668,84669,84673],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84670,84671],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84672,3108],{"class":87},[69,84674,84675,84677,84679,84681,84683,84685,84687,84689,84691],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,84676,331],{"class":83},[69,84678,1155],{"class":87},[69,84680,91],{"class":83},[69,84682,99],{"class":87},[69,84684,91],{"class":83},[69,84686,109],{"class":87},[69,84688,91],{"class":83},[69,84690,2504],{"class":87},[69,84692,117],{"class":83},[20,84694,1378,84695,84697],{},[15,84696,83059],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84699,1378,84700,84704],{},[533,84701,84702],{"href":74999},[15,84703,74902],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84706,84707,84708,537],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[533,84709,84711],{"href":84710},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84712,84713],{},"min()",[55,84715,1771],{"id":1770},[20,84717,84718],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[29,84720,84721,84728,84731,84736,84739],{},[32,84722,30338,84723,84725,84726],{},[15,84724,83059],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84727,83414],{},[32,84729,84730],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[32,84732,1780,84733,84735],{},[15,84734,83059],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[32,84737,84738],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[32,84740,840,84741,84743],{},[15,84742,83414],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84745,11801],{},[60,84747,84749],{"className":62,"code":84748,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84750,84751,84761,84775,84789,84803,84825],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84752,84753,84755,84757,84759],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84754,172],{"class":128},[69,84756,132],{"class":83},[69,84758,8497],{"class":146},[69,84760,166],{"class":83},[69,84762,84763,84765,84767,84769,84771,84773],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,84764,172],{"class":128},[69,84766,132],{"class":83},[69,84768,641],{"class":177},[69,84770,132],{"class":83},[69,84772,8497],{"class":146},[69,84774,318],{"class":83},[69,84776,84777,84779,84781,84783,84785,84787],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,84778,172],{"class":128},[69,84780,132],{"class":83},[69,84782,11850],{"class":128},[69,84784,132],{"class":83},[69,84786,8497],{"class":146},[69,84788,318],{"class":83},[69,84790,84791,84793,84795,84797,84799,84801],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,84792,172],{"class":128},[69,84794,132],{"class":83},[69,84796,83118],{"class":128},[69,84798,132],{"class":83},[69,84800,8497],{"class":146},[69,84802,318],{"class":83},[69,84804,84805,84807,84809,84811,84813,84815,84817,84819,84821,84823],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,84806,172],{"class":128},[69,84808,132],{"class":83},[69,84810,83118],{"class":128},[69,84812,132],{"class":83},[69,84814,8497],{"class":146},[69,84816,91],{"class":83},[69,84818,27211],{"class":9862},[69,84820,80],{"class":79},[69,84822,1181],{"class":1203},[69,84824,318],{"class":83},[69,84826,84827,84829,84831,84833,84835,84837,84839,84841,84843,84845,84847],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,84828,172],{"class":128},[69,84830,3710],{"class":83},[69,84832,641],{"class":177},[69,84834,132],{"class":83},[69,84836,2904],{"class":146},[69,84838,938],{"class":83},[69,84840,4587],{"class":1053},[69,84842,147],{"class":146},[69,84844,1574],{"class":1053},[69,84846,1319],{"class":146},[69,84848,618],{"class":83},[20,84850,84851],{},"These are useful for checking:",[29,84853,84854,84859,84864,84867],{},[32,84855,84856,84857],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84858,8497],{},[32,84860,80229,84861,84863],{},[15,84862,8497],{}," is a list or some other type",[32,84865,84866],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[32,84868,84869],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84871,69825,84872,84875,84876,84878],{},[15,84873,84874],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84877,8497],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[55,84880,2519],{"id":2518},[377,84882,2561,84884,5846],{"id":84883},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84885,83059],{},[20,84887,84888],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[377,84890,5871,84892,84894],{"id":84891},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84893,83059],{}," work with strings?",[20,84896,84897],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[377,84899,72124],{"id":72123},[20,84901,84902,52969,84904,84906,84907,84909],{},[15,84903,83059],{},[15,84905,41173],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84908,83414],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[377,84911,84913,84914,3218],{"id":84912},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84915,83059],{},[20,84917,1378,84918,143],{},[15,84919,83967],{},[60,84921,84922],{"className":62,"code":83895,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,84923,84924,84956],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,84925,84926,84928,84930,84932,84934,84936,84938,84940,84942,84944,84946,84948,84950,84952,84954],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,84927,864],{"class":75},[69,84929,80],{"class":79},[69,84931,84],{"class":83},[69,84933,871],{"class":699},[69,84935,37738],{"class":703},[69,84937,871],{"class":699},[69,84939,91],{"class":83},[69,84941,881],{"class":699},[69,84943,68804],{"class":703},[69,84945,871],{"class":699},[69,84947,91],{"class":83},[69,84949,881],{"class":699},[69,84951,58603],{"class":703},[69,84953,871],{"class":699},[69,84955,117],{"class":83},[69,84957,84958,84960,84962,84964,84966,84968,84970,84972,84974,84976],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,84959,172],{"class":128},[69,84961,132],{"class":83},[69,84963,83118],{"class":128},[69,84965,132],{"class":83},[69,84967,4817],{"class":146},[69,84969,91],{"class":83},[69,84971,22269],{"class":9862},[69,84973,80],{"class":79},[69,84975,11850],{"class":128},[69,84977,318],{"class":83},[377,84979,5881,84981,5096,84983,3218],{"id":84980},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84982,83059],{},[15,84984,74902],{},[20,84986,84987,84989,84990,84992],{},[15,84988,83059],{}," returns one largest item. 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":85031},[85032,85033,85035,85036,85038,85040,85042,85047,85049,85057,85059,85060,85071],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":83249,"depth":120,"text":85034},"What max() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":83418,"depth":120,"text":85037},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83588,"depth":120,"text":85039},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83723,"depth":120,"text":85041},"Using max() with strings",{"id":79180,"depth":120,"text":80378,"children":85043},[85044,85045,85046],{"id":83891,"depth":169,"text":83892},{"id":83980,"depth":169,"text":83981},{"id":84062,"depth":169,"text":84063},{"id":84169,"depth":120,"text":85048},"Using the default argument",{"id":48458,"depth":120,"text":48459,"children":85050},[85051,85053,85055],{"id":84327,"depth":169,"text":85052},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84437,"depth":169,"text":85054},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84543,"depth":169,"text":85056},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84573,"depth":120,"text":85058},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":85061},[85062,85064,85066,85067,85069],{"id":84883,"depth":169,"text":85063},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84891,"depth":169,"text":85065},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":72123,"depth":169,"text":72124},{"id":84912,"depth":169,"text":85068},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84980,"depth":169,"text":85070},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":83051,"description":85072},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":85079,"title":85080,"body":85081,"description":87035,"extension":2697,"meta":87036,"navigation":272,"path":87037,"seo":87038,"stem":87039,"__hash__":87040},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":85082,"toc":86992},[85083,85088,85093,85099,85101,85175,85177,85190,85195,85200,85216,85220,85225,85301,85307,85310,85353,85355,85363,85369,85372,85403,85405,85413,85419,85424,85483,85485,85494,85497,85507,85513,85518,85553,85555,85563,85569,85575,85580,85624,85626,85635,85638,85678,85680,85689,85692,85704,85709,85714,85765,85767,85776,85779,85830,85832,85841,85844,85851,85857,85862,85864,85879,85883,85943,85945,85954,85958,86130,86132,86169,86176,86182,86185,86212,86214,86235,86240,86275,86277,86285,86288,86291,86307,86312,86314,86318,86324,86328,86355,86358,86368,86408,86412,86415,86458,86460,86469,86472,86477,86546,86548,86556,86561,86565,86568,86619,86621,86629,86632,86695,86697,86705,86708,86713,86717,86730,86737,86745,86747,86749,86779,86785,86886,86896,86898,86903,86906,86911,86914,86916,86924,86932,86940,86947,86955,86957,86989],[10,85084,13,85086,18],{"id":85085},"python-min-function-explained",[15,85087,84713],{},[20,85089,85090,85092],{},[15,85091,84713],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,85094,85095,85096,85098],{},"This page explains what ",[15,85097,84713],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[55,85100,58],{"id":57},[60,85102,85104],{"className":62,"code":85103,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,85105,85106,85130,85145,85149],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85107,85108,85110,85112,85114,85116,85118,85120,85122,85124,85126,85128],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85109,76],{"class":75},[69,85111,80],{"class":79},[69,85113,84],{"class":83},[69,85115,2866],{"class":87},[69,85117,91],{"class":83},[69,85119,94],{"class":87},[69,85121,91],{"class":83},[69,85123,54611],{"class":87},[69,85125,91],{"class":83},[69,85127,1263],{"class":87},[69,85129,117],{"class":83},[69,85131,85132,85134,85136,85139,85141,85143],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,85133,172],{"class":128},[69,85135,132],{"class":83},[69,85137,85138],{"class":128},"min",[69,85140,132],{"class":83},[69,85142,4366],{"class":146},[69,85144,318],{"class":83},[69,85146,85147],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,85148,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,85150,85151,85153,85155,85157,85159,85161,85163,85165,85167,85169,85171,85173],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,85152,172],{"class":128},[69,85154,132],{"class":83},[69,85156,85138],{"class":128},[69,85158,132],{"class":83},[69,85160,2866],{"class":87},[69,85162,91],{"class":83},[69,85164,94],{"class":87},[69,85166,91],{"class":83},[69,85168,54611],{"class":87},[69,85170,91],{"class":83},[69,85172,1263],{"class":87},[69,85174,318],{"class":83},[20,85176,321],{},[60,85178,85180],{"className":62,"code":85179,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"1\n1\n",[15,85181,85182,85186],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85183,85184],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85185,47389],{"class":87},[69,85187,85188],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,85189,47389],{"class":87},[20,85191,1378,85192,85194],{},[15,85193,84713],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[55,85196,202,85198,205],{"id":85197},"what-min-does",[15,85199,84713],{},[29,85201,85202,85207,85210,85213],{},[32,85203,85204,85206],{},[15,85205,84713],{}," returns the smallest item",[32,85208,85209],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[32,85211,85212],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[32,85214,85215],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[55,85217,85219],{"id":85218},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,85221,85222,85223,143],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,85224,84713],{},[60,85226,85228],{"className":62,"code":85227,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,85229,85230,85240,85265,85283],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85231,85232,85234,85236,85238],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85233,85138],{"class":128},[69,85235,132],{"class":83},[69,85237,399],{"class":146},[69,85239,166],{"class":83},[69,85241,85242,85244,85246,85249,85251,85254,85256,85259,85261,85263],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,85243,85138],{"class":128},[69,85245,132],{"class":83},[69,85247,85248],{"class":146},"value1",[69,85250,91],{"class":83},[69,85252,85253],{"class":146}," value2",[69,85255,91],{"class":83},[69,85257,85258],{"class":146}," value3",[69,85260,91],{"class":83},[69,85262,35144],{"class":128},[69,85264,166],{"class":83},[69,85266,85267,85269,85271,85273,85275,85277,85279,85281],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,85268,85138],{"class":128},[69,85270,132],{"class":83},[69,85272,399],{"class":146},[69,85274,91],{"class":83},[69,85276,22269],{"class":9862},[69,85278,80],{"class":79},[69,85280,686],{"class":128},[69,85282,166],{"class":83},[69,85284,85285,85287,85289,85291,85293,85295,85297,85299],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,85286,85138],{"class":128},[69,85288,132],{"class":83},[69,85290,399],{"class":146},[69,85292,91],{"class":83},[69,85294,27211],{"class":9862},[69,85296,80],{"class":79},[69,85298,686],{"class":128},[69,85300,166],{"class":83},[377,85302,85304],{"id":85303},"miniterable",[15,85305,85306],{},"min(iterable)",[20,85308,85309],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[60,85311,85313],{"className":62,"code":85312,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85314,85315,85339],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85316,85317,85319,85321,85323,85325,85327,85329,85331,85333,85335,85337],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85318,76],{"class":75},[69,85320,80],{"class":79},[69,85322,84],{"class":83},[69,85324,3072],{"class":87},[69,85326,91],{"class":83},[69,85328,99],{"class":87},[69,85330,91],{"class":83},[69,85332,31632],{"class":87},[69,85334,91],{"class":83},[69,85336,1263],{"class":87},[69,85338,117],{"class":83},[69,85340,85341,85343,85345,85347,85349,85351],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,85342,172],{"class":128},[69,85344,132],{"class":83},[69,85346,85138],{"class":128},[69,85348,132],{"class":83},[69,85350,4366],{"class":146},[69,85352,318],{"class":83},[20,85354,321],{},[60,85356,85357],{"className":62,"code":47389,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,85358,85359],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85360,85361],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85362,47389],{"class":87},[377,85364,85366],{"id":85365},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,85367,85368],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,85370,85371],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[60,85373,85375],{"className":62,"code":85374,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,85376,85377],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85378,85379,85381,85383,85385,85387,85389,85391,85393,85395,85397,85399,85401],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85380,172],{"class":128},[69,85382,132],{"class":83},[69,85384,85138],{"class":128},[69,85386,132],{"class":83},[69,85388,3072],{"class":87},[69,85390,91],{"class":83},[69,85392,99],{"class":87},[69,85394,91],{"class":83},[69,85396,31632],{"class":87},[69,85398,91],{"class":83},[69,85400,1263],{"class":87},[69,85402,318],{"class":83},[20,85404,321],{},[60,85406,85407],{"className":62,"code":47389,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,85408,85409],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85410,85411],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85412,47389],{"class":87},[377,85414,85416],{"id":85415},"miniterable-key",[15,85417,85418],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,85420,1378,85421,85423],{},[15,85422,15533],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[60,85425,85427],{"className":62,"code":85426,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85428,85429,85461],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85430,85431,85433,85435,85437,85439,85441,85443,85445,85447,85449,85451,85453,85455,85457,85459],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85432,864],{"class":75},[69,85434,80],{"class":79},[69,85436,84],{"class":83},[69,85438,871],{"class":699},[69,85440,79222],{"class":703},[69,85442,871],{"class":699},[69,85444,91],{"class":83},[69,85446,881],{"class":699},[69,85448,884],{"class":703},[69,85450,871],{"class":699},[69,85452,91],{"class":83},[69,85454,881],{"class":699},[69,85456,893],{"class":703},[69,85458,871],{"class":699},[69,85460,117],{"class":83},[69,85462,85463,85465,85467,85469,85471,85473,85475,85477,85479,85481],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,85464,172],{"class":128},[69,85466,132],{"class":83},[69,85468,85138],{"class":128},[69,85470,132],{"class":83},[69,85472,4817],{"class":146},[69,85474,91],{"class":83},[69,85476,22269],{"class":9862},[69,85478,80],{"class":79},[69,85480,11850],{"class":128},[69,85482,318],{"class":83},[20,85484,321],{},[60,85486,85488],{"className":62,"code":85487,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"kiwi\n",[15,85489,85490],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85491,85492],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85493,85487],{"class":75},[20,85495,85496],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,85498,85499,85500,85502,85503,537],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85501,42831],{},", see the ",[533,85504,85505,2515],{"href":42828},[15,85506,42831],{},[377,85508,85510],{"id":85509},"miniterable-default",[15,85511,85512],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,85514,1378,85515,85517],{},[15,85516,83414],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[60,85519,85521],{"className":62,"code":85520,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,85522,85523,85531],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85524,85525,85527,85529],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85526,76],{"class":75},[69,85528,80],{"class":79},[69,85530,1561],{"class":83},[69,85532,85533,85535,85537,85539,85541,85543,85545,85547,85549,85551],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,85534,172],{"class":128},[69,85536,132],{"class":83},[69,85538,85138],{"class":128},[69,85540,132],{"class":83},[69,85542,4366],{"class":146},[69,85544,91],{"class":83},[69,85546,27211],{"class":9862},[69,85548,80],{"class":79},[69,85550,1226],{"class":87},[69,85552,318],{"class":83},[20,85554,321],{},[60,85556,85557],{"className":62,"code":47724,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,85558,85559],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85560,85561],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85562,47724],{"class":87},[20,85564,85565,85566,85568],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85567,41173],{}," when there is no item to return.",[55,85570,840,85572,85574],{"id":85571},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85573,84713],{}," with numbers",[20,85576,85577,85579],{},[15,85578,84713],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[60,85581,85583],{"className":62,"code":85582,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85584,85585,85610],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85586,85587,85589,85591,85593,85595,85597,85600,85602,85604,85606,85608],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85588,5768],{"class":75},[69,85590,80],{"class":79},[69,85592,84],{"class":83},[69,85594,51979],{"class":87},[69,85596,91],{"class":83},[69,85598,85599],{"class":87}," 72",[69,85601,91],{"class":83},[69,85603,29594],{"class":87},[69,85605,91],{"class":83},[69,85607,76578],{"class":87},[69,85609,117],{"class":83},[69,85611,85612,85614,85616,85618,85620,85622],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,85613,172],{"class":128},[69,85615,132],{"class":83},[69,85617,85138],{"class":128},[69,85619,132],{"class":83},[69,85621,17080],{"class":146},[69,85623,318],{"class":83},[20,85625,321],{},[60,85627,85629],{"className":62,"code":85628,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"60\n",[15,85630,85631],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85632,85633],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85634,85628],{"class":87},[20,85636,85637],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[60,85639,85641],{"className":62,"code":85640,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85642,85643,85664],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85644,85645,85647,85649,85651,85653,85655,85658,85660,85662],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85646,83526],{"class":75},[69,85648,80],{"class":79},[69,85650,84],{"class":83},[69,85652,40867],{"class":87},[69,85654,91],{"class":83},[69,85656,85657],{"class":87}," 5.49",[69,85659,91],{"class":83},[69,85661,83542],{"class":87},[69,85663,117],{"class":83},[69,85665,85666,85668,85670,85672,85674,85676],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,85667,172],{"class":128},[69,85669,132],{"class":83},[69,85671,85138],{"class":128},[69,85673,132],{"class":83},[69,85675,83562],{"class":146},[69,85677,318],{"class":83},[20,85679,321],{},[60,85681,85683],{"className":62,"code":85682,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"5.49\n",[15,85684,85685],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85686,85687],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85688,85682],{"class":87},[20,85690,85691],{},"This is useful for things like:",[29,85693,85694,85696,85698,85701],{},[32,85695,17080],{},[32,85697,83562],{},[32,85699,85700],{},"measurements",[32,85702,85703],{},"ages",[55,85705,840,85707,47531],{"id":85706},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85708,84713],{},[20,85710,85711,85713],{},[15,85712,84713],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[60,85715,85717],{"className":62,"code":85716,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85718,85719,85751],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85720,85721,85723,85725,85727,85729,85731,85733,85735,85737,85739,85741,85743,85745,85747,85749],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85722,864],{"class":75},[69,85724,80],{"class":79},[69,85726,84],{"class":83},[69,85728,871],{"class":699},[69,85730,893],{"class":703},[69,85732,871],{"class":699},[69,85734,91],{"class":83},[69,85736,881],{"class":699},[69,85738,874],{"class":703},[69,85740,871],{"class":699},[69,85742,91],{"class":83},[69,85744,881],{"class":699},[69,85746,4800],{"class":703},[69,85748,871],{"class":699},[69,85750,117],{"class":83},[69,85752,85753,85755,85757,85759,85761,85763],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,85754,172],{"class":128},[69,85756,132],{"class":83},[69,85758,85138],{"class":128},[69,85760,132],{"class":83},[69,85762,4817],{"class":146},[69,85764,318],{"class":83},[20,85766,321],{},[60,85768,85770],{"className":62,"code":85769,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"apple\n",[15,85771,85772],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85773,85774],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85775,85769],{"class":75},[20,85777,85778],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[60,85780,85782],{"className":62,"code":85781,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85783,85784,85816],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85785,85786,85788,85790,85792,85794,85796,85798,85800,85802,85804,85806,85808,85810,85812,85814],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85787,864],{"class":75},[69,85789,80],{"class":79},[69,85791,84],{"class":83},[69,85793,871],{"class":699},[69,85795,893],{"class":703},[69,85797,871],{"class":699},[69,85799,91],{"class":83},[69,85801,881],{"class":699},[69,85803,58244],{"class":703},[69,85805,871],{"class":699},[69,85807,91],{"class":83},[69,85809,881],{"class":699},[69,85811,4800],{"class":703},[69,85813,871],{"class":699},[69,85815,117],{"class":83},[69,85817,85818,85820,85822,85824,85826,85828],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,85819,172],{"class":128},[69,85821,132],{"class":83},[69,85823,85138],{"class":128},[69,85825,132],{"class":83},[69,85827,4817],{"class":146},[69,85829,318],{"class":83},[20,85831,321],{},[60,85833,85835],{"className":62,"code":85834,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Apple\n",[15,85836,85837],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85838,85839],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85840,85834],{"class":75},[20,85842,85843],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85845,85846,85847,537],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[533,85848,85849,6481],{"href":74999},[15,85850,74902],{},[55,85852,840,85854,85856],{"id":85853},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85855,84713],{}," with a key function",[20,85858,2714,85859,85861],{},[15,85860,15533],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85863,12148],{},[29,85865,85866,85871,85876],{},[32,85867,85868,85870],{},[15,85869,15533],{}," changes the comparison rule",[32,85872,85873,85875],{},[15,85874,84713],{}," still returns the original item",[32,85877,85878],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[377,85880,85882],{"id":85881},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[60,85884,85886],{"className":62,"code":85885,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85887,85888,85921],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85889,85890,85892,85894,85896,85898,85900,85902,85904,85906,85908,85910,85912,85914,85917,85919],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85891,864],{"class":75},[69,85893,80],{"class":79},[69,85895,84],{"class":83},[69,85897,871],{"class":699},[69,85899,68804],{"class":703},[69,85901,871],{"class":699},[69,85903,91],{"class":83},[69,85905,881],{"class":699},[69,85907,37738],{"class":703},[69,85909,871],{"class":699},[69,85911,91],{"class":83},[69,85913,881],{"class":699},[69,85915,85916],{"class":703},"giraffe",[69,85918,871],{"class":699},[69,85920,117],{"class":83},[69,85922,85923,85925,85927,85929,85931,85933,85935,85937,85939,85941],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,85924,172],{"class":128},[69,85926,132],{"class":83},[69,85928,85138],{"class":128},[69,85930,132],{"class":83},[69,85932,4817],{"class":146},[69,85934,91],{"class":83},[69,85936,22269],{"class":9862},[69,85938,80],{"class":79},[69,85940,11850],{"class":128},[69,85942,318],{"class":83},[20,85944,321],{},[60,85946,85948],{"className":62,"code":85947,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"cat\n",[15,85949,85950],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85951,85952],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85953,85947],{"class":75},[377,85955,85957],{"id":85956},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[60,85959,85961],{"className":62,"code":85960,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85962,85963,85973,86008,86040,86072,86076,86080,86119],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,85964,85965,85968,85970],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,85966,85967],{"class":75},"students ",[69,85969,80],{"class":79},[69,85971,85972],{"class":83}," [\n",[69,85974,85975,85978,85980,85982,85984,85986,85988,85990,85992,85994,85996,85999,86001,86003,86005],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,85976,85977],{"class":83},"    {",[69,85979,871],{"class":699},[69,85981,8356],{"class":703},[69,85983,871],{"class":699},[69,85985,143],{"class":83},[69,85987,881],{"class":699},[69,85989,13572],{"class":703},[69,85991,871],{"class":699},[69,85993,91],{"class":83},[69,85995,881],{"class":699},[69,85997,85998],{"class":703},"score",[69,86000,871],{"class":699},[69,86002,143],{"class":83},[69,86004,14200],{"class":87},[69,86006,86007],{"class":83},"},\n",[69,86009,86010,86012,86014,86016,86018,86020,86022,86024,86026,86028,86030,86032,86034,86036,86038],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,86011,85977],{"class":83},[69,86013,871],{"class":699},[69,86015,8356],{"class":703},[69,86017,871],{"class":699},[69,86019,143],{"class":83},[69,86021,881],{"class":699},[69,86023,36630],{"class":703},[69,86025,871],{"class":699},[69,86027,91],{"class":83},[69,86029,881],{"class":699},[69,86031,85998],{"class":703},[69,86033,871],{"class":699},[69,86035,143],{"class":83},[69,86037,85599],{"class":87},[69,86039,86007],{"class":83},[69,86041,86042,86044,86046,86048,86050,86052,86054,86056,86058,86060,86062,86064,86066,86068,86070],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,86043,85977],{"class":83},[69,86045,871],{"class":699},[69,86047,8356],{"class":703},[69,86049,871],{"class":699},[69,86051,143],{"class":83},[69,86053,881],{"class":699},[69,86055,36639],{"class":703},[69,86057,871],{"class":699},[69,86059,91],{"class":83},[69,86061,881],{"class":699},[69,86063,85998],{"class":703},[69,86065,871],{"class":699},[69,86067,143],{"class":83},[69,86069,20589],{"class":87},[69,86071,9994],{"class":83},[69,86073,86074],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,86075,117],{"class":83},[69,86077,86078],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,86079,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,86081,86082,86085,86087,86090,86092,86095,86097,86099,86101,86103,86105,86107,86109,86111,86113,86115,86117],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,86083,86084],{"class":75},"lowest ",[69,86086,80],{"class":79},[69,86088,86089],{"class":128}," min",[69,86091,132],{"class":83},[69,86093,86094],{"class":146},"students",[69,86096,91],{"class":83},[69,86098,22269],{"class":9862},[69,86100,80],{"class":79},[69,86102,136],{"class":135},[69,86104,13598],{"class":139},[69,86106,143],{"class":83},[69,86108,13598],{"class":146},[69,86110,331],{"class":83},[69,86112,871],{"class":699},[69,86114,85998],{"class":703},[69,86116,871],{"class":699},[69,86118,618],{"class":83},[69,86120,86121,86123,86125,86128],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,86122,172],{"class":128},[69,86124,132],{"class":83},[69,86126,86127],{"class":146},"lowest",[69,86129,166],{"class":83},[20,86131,321],{},[60,86133,86135],{"className":62,"code":86134,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,86136,86137],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,86138,86139,86141,86143,86145,86147,86149,86151,86153,86155,86157,86159,86161,86163,86165,86167],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,86140,9964],{"class":83},[69,86142,706],{"class":699},[69,86144,8356],{"class":703},[69,86146,706],{"class":699},[69,86148,143],{"class":83},[69,86150,700],{"class":699},[69,86152,36630],{"class":703},[69,86154,706],{"class":699},[69,86156,91],{"class":83},[69,86158,700],{"class":699},[69,86160,85998],{"class":703},[69,86162,706],{"class":699},[69,86164,143],{"class":83},[69,86166,85599],{"class":87},[69,86168,9994],{"class":83},[20,86170,86171,86172,86175],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,86173,86174],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[55,86177,840,86179,86181],{"id":86178},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,86180,83414],{}," with empty iterables",[20,86183,86184],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[60,86186,86188],{"className":62,"code":86187,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86189,86190,86198],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,86191,86192,86194,86196],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,86193,76],{"class":75},[69,86195,80],{"class":79},[69,86197,1561],{"class":83},[69,86199,86200,86202,86204,86206,86208,86210],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,86201,172],{"class":128},[69,86203,132],{"class":83},[69,86205,85138],{"class":128},[69,86207,132],{"class":83},[69,86209,4366],{"class":146},[69,86211,318],{"class":83},[20,86213,321],{},[60,86215,86217],{"className":62,"code":86216,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,86218,86219],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,86220,86221,86223,86225,86227,86229,86231,86233],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,86222,41173],{"class":177},[69,86224,143],{"class":83},[69,86226,86089],{"class":128},[69,86228,8053],{"class":83},[69,86230,84384],{"class":75},[69,86232,12885],{"class":79},[69,86234,84389],{"class":75},[20,86236,86237,86238,143],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,86239,83414],{},[60,86241,86243],{"className":62,"code":86242,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,86244,86245,86253],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,86246,86247,86249,86251],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,86248,76],{"class":75},[69,86250,80],{"class":79},[69,86252,1561],{"class":83},[69,86254,86255,86257,86259,86261,86263,86265,86267,86269,86271,86273],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,86256,172],{"class":128},[69,86258,132],{"class":83},[69,86260,85138],{"class":128},[69,86262,132],{"class":83},[69,86264,4366],{"class":146},[69,86266,91],{"class":83},[69,86268,27211],{"class":9862},[69,86270,80],{"class":79},[69,86272,1181],{"class":1203},[69,86274,318],{"class":83},[20,86276,321],{},[60,86278,86279],{"className":62,"code":12499,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,86280,86281],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,86282,86283],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,86284,12499],{"class":1203},[20,86286,86287],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,86289,86290],{},"Remember:",[29,86292,86293,86301],{},[32,86294,86295,86297,86298,86300],{},[15,86296,83414],{}," works only when ",[15,86299,84713],{}," gets one iterable argument",[32,86302,86303,86304],{},"It does not work with ",[15,86305,86306],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,86308,86309,86310,537],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[533,86311,66317],{"href":73356},[55,86313,11432],{"id":11431},[20,86315,57251,86316,537],{},[15,86317,84713],{},[377,86319,86321,86322],{"id":86320},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,86323,83414],{},[20,86325,3725,86326,143],{},[15,86327,41173],{},[60,86329,86331],{"className":62,"code":86330,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,86332,86333,86341],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,86334,86335,86337,86339],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,86336,1252],{"class":75},[69,86338,80],{"class":79},[69,86340,1561],{"class":83},[69,86342,86343,86345,86347,86349,86351,86353],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,86344,172],{"class":128},[69,86346,132],{"class":83},[69,86348,85138],{"class":128},[69,86350,132],{"class":83},[69,86352,8497],{"class":146},[69,86354,318],{"class":83},[20,86356,86357],{},"Fix it by:",[29,86359,86360,86363],{},[32,86361,86362],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[32,86364,86365,86366],{},"or using ",[15,86367,83414],{},[60,86369,86371],{"className":62,"code":86370,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,86372,86373,86381],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,86374,86375,86377,86379],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,86376,1252],{"class":75},[69,86378,80],{"class":79},[69,86380,1561],{"class":83},[69,86382,86383,86385,86387,86389,86391,86393,86395,86397,86399,86401,86404,86406],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,86384,172],{"class":128},[69,86386,132],{"class":83},[69,86388,85138],{"class":128},[69,86390,132],{"class":83},[69,86392,8497],{"class":146},[69,86394,91],{"class":83},[69,86396,27211],{"class":9862},[69,86398,80],{"class":79},[69,86400,871],{"class":699},[69,86402,86403],{"class":703},"no items",[69,86405,871],{"class":699},[69,86407,318],{"class":83},[377,86409,86411],{"id":86410},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,86413,86414],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[60,86416,86418],{"className":62,"code":86417,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,86419,86420,86444],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,86421,86422,86424,86426,86428,86430,86432,86434,86436,86438,86440,86442],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,86423,9852],{"class":75},[69,86425,80],{"class":79},[69,86427,84],{"class":83},[69,86429,444],{"class":87},[69,86431,91],{"class":83},[69,86433,881],{"class":699},[69,86435,522],{"class":703},[69,86437,871],{"class":699},[69,86439,91],{"class":83},[69,86441,109],{"class":87},[69,86443,117],{"class":83},[69,86445,86446,86448,86450,86452,86454,86456],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,86447,172],{"class":128},[69,86449,132],{"class":83},[69,86451,85138],{"class":128},[69,86453,132],{"class":83},[69,86455,9891],{"class":146},[69,86457,318],{"class":83},[20,86459,321],{},[60,86461,86463],{"className":62,"code":86462,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"TypeError\n",[15,86464,86465],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,86466,86467],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,86468,86462],{"class":177},[20,86470,86471],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,86473,86474,86475,537],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,86476,84713],{},[60,86478,86480],{"className":62,"code":86479,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86481,86482,86506,86532],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,86483,86484,86486,86488,86490,86492,86494,86496,86498,86500,86502,86504],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,86485,9852],{"class":75},[69,86487,80],{"class":79},[69,86489,84],{"class":83},[69,86491,444],{"class":87},[69,86493,91],{"class":83},[69,86495,881],{"class":699},[69,86497,522],{"class":703},[69,86499,871],{"class":699},[69,86501,91],{"class":83},[69,86503,109],{"class":87},[69,86505,117],{"class":83},[69,86507,86508,86510,86512,86514,86516,86518,86520,86522,86524,86526,86528,86530],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,86509,76],{"class":75},[69,86511,80],{"class":79},[69,86513,84],{"class":83},[69,86515,2919],{"class":177},[69,86517,132],{"class":83},[69,86519,2904],{"class":146},[69,86521,938],{"class":83},[69,86523,4587],{"class":1053},[69,86525,147],{"class":75},[69,86527,1574],{"class":1053},[69,86529,15259],{"class":75},[69,86531,117],{"class":83},[69,86533,86534,86536,86538,86540,86542,86544],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,86535,172],{"class":128},[69,86537,132],{"class":83},[69,86539,85138],{"class":128},[69,86541,132],{"class":83},[69,86543,4366],{"class":146},[69,86545,318],{"class":83},[20,86547,321],{},[60,86549,86550],{"className":62,"code":3671,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,86551,86552],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,86553,86554],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,86555,3671],{"class":87},[20,86557,86558,86559,537],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86560,3728],{},[377,86562,86564],{"id":86563},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86566,86567],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[60,86569,86571],{"className":62,"code":86570,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86572,86573,86605],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,86574,86575,86577,86579,86581,86583,86585,86587,86589,86591,86593,86595,86597,86599,86601,86603],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,86576,864],{"class":75},[69,86578,80],{"class":79},[69,86580,84],{"class":83},[69,86582,871],{"class":699},[69,86584,80038],{"class":703},[69,86586,871],{"class":699},[69,86588,91],{"class":83},[69,86590,881],{"class":699},[69,86592,58244],{"class":703},[69,86594,871],{"class":699},[69,86596,91],{"class":83},[69,86598,881],{"class":699},[69,86600,80055],{"class":703},[69,86602,871],{"class":699},[69,86604,117],{"class":83},[69,86606,86607,86609,86611,86613,86615,86617],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,86608,172],{"class":128},[69,86610,132],{"class":83},[69,86612,85138],{"class":128},[69,86614,132],{"class":83},[69,86616,4817],{"class":146},[69,86618,318],{"class":83},[20,86620,321],{},[60,86622,86623],{"className":62,"code":85834,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,86624,86625],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,86626,86627],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,86628,85834],{"class":75},[20,86630,86631],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[60,86633,86635],{"className":62,"code":86634,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86636,86637,86669],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,86638,86639,86641,86643,86645,86647,86649,86651,86653,86655,86657,86659,86661,86663,86665,86667],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,86640,864],{"class":75},[69,86642,80],{"class":79},[69,86644,84],{"class":83},[69,86646,871],{"class":699},[69,86648,80038],{"class":703},[69,86650,871],{"class":699},[69,86652,91],{"class":83},[69,86654,881],{"class":699},[69,86656,58244],{"class":703},[69,86658,871],{"class":699},[69,86660,91],{"class":83},[69,86662,881],{"class":699},[69,86664,80055],{"class":703},[69,86666,871],{"class":699},[69,86668,117],{"class":83},[69,86670,86671,86673,86675,86677,86679,86681,86683,86685,86687,86689,86691,86693],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,86672,172],{"class":128},[69,86674,132],{"class":83},[69,86676,85138],{"class":128},[69,86678,132],{"class":83},[69,86680,4817],{"class":146},[69,86682,91],{"class":83},[69,86684,22269],{"class":9862},[69,86686,80],{"class":79},[69,86688,4164],{"class":177},[69,86690,537],{"class":83},[69,86692,9326],{"class":25438},[69,86694,318],{"class":83},[20,86696,321],{},[60,86698,86699],{"className":62,"code":85834,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,86700,86701],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,86702,86703],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,86704,85834],{"class":75},[20,86706,86707],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[55,86709,1373,86711],{"id":86710},"when-to-use-min",[15,86712,84713],{},[20,86714,1378,86715,11288],{},[15,86716,84713],{},[29,86718,86719,86722,86727],{},[32,86720,86721],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[32,86723,86724,86725],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86726,15533],{},[32,86728,86729],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86731,1378,86732,86736],{},[533,86733,86734],{"href":74999},[15,86735,74902],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86738,1378,86739,86744],{},[533,86740,86742],{"href":86741},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86743,83059],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[55,86746,1771],{"id":1770},[20,86748,84718],{},[29,86750,86751,86759,86762,86767,86774],{},[32,86752,86753,86754,86756,86757],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86755,84713],{}," without using ",[15,86758,83414],{},[32,86760,86761],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[32,86763,1780,86764,86766],{},[15,86765,84713],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[32,86768,5408,86769,86771,86772,85875],{},[15,86770,15533],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86773,84713],{},[32,86775,840,86776,86778],{},[15,86777,83414],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86780,86781,86782,86784],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86783,84713],{},", these quick checks can help:",[60,86786,86788],{"className":62,"code":86787,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86789,86790,86804,86814,86828,86842,86864],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,86791,86792,86794,86796,86798,86800,86802],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,86793,172],{"class":128},[69,86795,132],{"class":83},[69,86797,641],{"class":177},[69,86799,132],{"class":83},[69,86801,9891],{"class":146},[69,86803,318],{"class":83},[69,86805,86806,86808,86810,86812],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,86807,172],{"class":128},[69,86809,132],{"class":83},[69,86811,9891],{"class":146},[69,86813,166],{"class":83},[69,86815,86816,86818,86820,86822,86824,86826],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,86817,172],{"class":128},[69,86819,132],{"class":83},[69,86821,11850],{"class":128},[69,86823,132],{"class":83},[69,86825,9891],{"class":146},[69,86827,318],{"class":83},[69,86829,86830,86832,86834,86836,86838,86840],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,86831,172],{"class":128},[69,86833,132],{"class":83},[69,86835,85138],{"class":128},[69,86837,132],{"class":83},[69,86839,9891],{"class":146},[69,86841,318],{"class":83},[69,86843,86844,86846,86848,86850,86852,86854,86856,86858,86860,86862],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,86845,172],{"class":128},[69,86847,132],{"class":83},[69,86849,85138],{"class":128},[69,86851,132],{"class":83},[69,86853,9891],{"class":146},[69,86855,91],{"class":83},[69,86857,27211],{"class":9862},[69,86859,80],{"class":79},[69,86861,1181],{"class":1203},[69,86863,318],{"class":83},[69,86865,86866,86868,86870,86872,86874,86876,86878,86880,86882,86884],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,86867,172],{"class":128},[69,86869,132],{"class":83},[69,86871,85138],{"class":128},[69,86873,132],{"class":83},[69,86875,4817],{"class":146},[69,86877,91],{"class":83},[69,86879,22269],{"class":9862},[69,86881,80],{"class":79},[69,86883,11850],{"class":128},[69,86885,318],{"class":83},[20,86887,86888,86889,86892,86893,86895],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86890,86891],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86894,9891],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[55,86897,2519],{"id":2518},[377,86899,2561,86901,5846],{"id":86900},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86902,84713],{},[20,86904,86905],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[377,86907,5871,86909,84894],{"id":86908},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86910,84713],{},[20,86912,86913],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[377,86915,72124],{"id":72123},[20,86917,86918,52969,86920,84906,86922,37312],{},[15,86919,84713],{},[15,86921,41173],{},[15,86923,83414],{},[377,86925,2561,86927,86929,86930,3218],{"id":86926},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86928,15533],{}," do in ",[15,86931,84713],{},[20,86933,86934,86936,86937,86939],{},[15,86935,15533],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86938,83967],{}," compares strings by length.",[377,86941,5881,86943,5096,86945,3218],{"id":86942},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86944,84713],{},[15,86946,74902],{},[20,86948,86949,86951,86952,86954],{},[15,86950,84713],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86953,74902],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[55,86956,2620],{"id":2619},[29,86958,86959,86965,86971,86977,86981,86985],{},[32,86960,86961],{},[533,86962,86963,2515],{"href":86741},[15,86964,83059],{},[32,86966,86967],{},[533,86968,86969,2515],{"href":74999},[15,86970,74902],{},[32,86972,86973],{},[533,86974,86975,2515],{"href":42828},[15,86976,42831],{},[32,86978,86979],{},[533,86980,80351],{"href":78854},[32,86982,86983],{},[533,86984,59432],{"href":59431},[32,86986,86987],{},[533,86988,66317],{"href":73356},[2650,86990,86991],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":86993},[86994,86995,86997,87003,87005,87007,87012,87014,87020,87022,87023,87034],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":85197,"depth":120,"text":86996},"What min() does",{"id":85218,"depth":120,"text":85219,"children":86998},[86999,87000,87001,87002],{"id":85303,"depth":169,"text":85306},{"id":85365,"depth":169,"text":85368},{"id":85415,"depth":169,"text":85418},{"id":85509,"depth":169,"text":85512},{"id":85571,"depth":120,"text":87004},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85706,"depth":120,"text":87006},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85853,"depth":120,"text":87008,"children":87009},"Using min() with a key function",[87010,87011],{"id":85881,"depth":169,"text":85882},{"id":85956,"depth":169,"text":85957},{"id":86178,"depth":120,"text":87013},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":11431,"depth":120,"text":11432,"children":87015},[87016,87018,87019],{"id":86320,"depth":169,"text":87017},"Empty list without default",{"id":86410,"depth":169,"text":86411},{"id":86563,"depth":169,"text":86564},{"id":86710,"depth":120,"text":87021},"When to use min()",{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":87024},[87025,87027,87029,87030,87032],{"id":86900,"depth":169,"text":87026},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86908,"depth":169,"text":87028},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":72123,"depth":169,"text":72124},{"id":86926,"depth":169,"text":87031},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86942,"depth":169,"text":87033},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":85080,"description":87035},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":87042,"title":87043,"body":87044,"description":89223,"extension":2697,"meta":89224,"navigation":272,"path":89225,"seo":89226,"stem":89227,"__hash__":89228},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":87045,"toc":89187},[87046,87049,87055,87061,87063,87144,87153,87157,87162,87164,87209,87211,87291,87297,87299,87302,87334,87336,87354,87356,87429,87431,87450,87454,87457,87493,87495,87562,87636,87709,87714,87718,87724,87727,87744,87747,87749,87810,87812,87832,87838,87842,87845,87915,87918,87937,87942,88018,88021,88025,88031,88035,88040,88110,88114,88119,88193,88197,88200,88275,88286,88290,88295,88385,88390,88458,88461,88480,88491,88495,88498,88503,88506,88568,88571,88582,88587,88590,88593,88598,88601,88604,88608,88611,88617,88620,88631,88633,88695,88710,88716,88719,88722,88733,88744,88750,88753,88755,88817,88827,88833,88838,88844,88848,88854,88857,88878,88880,88885,88912,88915,88942,88945,88984,88987,89025,89028,89089,89092,89094,89098,89101,89105,89111,89119,89127,89131,89134,89138,89144,89146,89184],[10,87047,87043],{"id":87048},"python-open-function-explained",[20,87050,87051,87054],{},[15,87052,87053],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,87056,87057,87058,87060],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,87059,87053],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[55,87062,58],{"id":57},[60,87064,87066],{"className":62,"code":87065,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,87067,87068,87117,87133],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,87069,87070,87073,87076,87078,87080,87083,87085,87087,87089,87091,87093,87095,87098,87100,87102,87105,87107,87109,87111,87115],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,87071,87072],{"class":1053},"with",[69,87074,87075],{"class":128}," open",[69,87077,132],{"class":83},[69,87079,871],{"class":699},[69,87081,87082],{"class":703},"example.txt",[69,87084,871],{"class":699},[69,87086,91],{"class":83},[69,87088,881],{"class":699},[69,87090,60982],{"class":703},[69,87092,871],{"class":699},[69,87094,91],{"class":83},[69,87096,87097],{"class":9862}," encoding",[69,87099,80],{"class":79},[69,87101,871],{"class":699},[69,87103,87104],{"class":703},"utf-8",[69,87106,871],{"class":699},[69,87108,938],{"class":83},[69,87110,47830],{"class":1053},[69,87112,87114],{"class":87113},"sMMDD"," file",[69,87116,1579],{"class":83},[69,87118,87119,87122,87124,87126,87128,87131],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,87120,87121],{"class":75},"    content ",[69,87123,80],{"class":79},[69,87125,87114],{"class":87113},[69,87127,537],{"class":83},[69,87129,87130],{"class":146},"read",[69,87132,9329],{"class":83},[69,87134,87135,87137,87139,87142],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,87136,8756],{"class":128},[69,87138,132],{"class":83},[69,87140,87141],{"class":146},"content",[69,87143,166],{"class":83},[20,87145,1378,87146,87148,87149,87152],{},[15,87147,87072],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,87150,87151],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[55,87154,87156],{"id":87155},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,87158,87159,87161],{},[15,87160,87053],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,87163,12148],{},[29,87165,87166,87169,87174,87179],{},[32,87167,87168],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[32,87170,41375,87171,87173],{},[42,87172,5334],{}," read or write anything by itself",[32,87175,18111,87176],{},[42,87177,87178],{},"file object",[32,87180,87181,87182],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[29,87183,87184,87189,87194,87199,87204],{},[32,87185,87186],{},[15,87187,87188],{},"read()",[32,87190,87191],{},[15,87192,87193],{},"readline()",[32,87195,87196],{},[15,87197,87198],{},"readlines()",[32,87200,87201],{},[15,87202,87203],{},"write()",[32,87205,87206],{},[15,87207,87208],{},"close()",[20,87210,234],{},[60,87212,87214],{"className":62,"code":87213,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,87215,87216,87255,87270,87280],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,87217,87218,87221,87223,87225,87227,87229,87231,87233,87235,87237,87239,87241,87243,87245,87247,87249,87251,87253],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,87219,87220],{"class":87113},"file",[69,87222,13969],{"class":79},[69,87224,87075],{"class":128},[69,87226,132],{"class":83},[69,87228,871],{"class":699},[69,87230,87082],{"class":703},[69,87232,871],{"class":699},[69,87234,91],{"class":83},[69,87236,881],{"class":699},[69,87238,60982],{"class":703},[69,87240,871],{"class":699},[69,87242,91],{"class":83},[69,87244,87097],{"class":9862},[69,87246,80],{"class":79},[69,87248,871],{"class":699},[69,87250,87104],{"class":703},[69,87252,871],{"class":699},[69,87254,166],{"class":83},[69,87256,87257,87260,87262,87264,87266,87268],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,87258,87259],{"class":75},"content ",[69,87261,80],{"class":79},[69,87263,87114],{"class":87113},[69,87265,537],{"class":83},[69,87267,87130],{"class":146},[69,87269,9329],{"class":83},[69,87271,87272,87274,87276,87278],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,87273,172],{"class":128},[69,87275,132],{"class":83},[69,87277,87141],{"class":146},[69,87279,166],{"class":83},[69,87281,87282,87284,87286,87289],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,87283,87220],{"class":87113},[69,87285,537],{"class":83},[69,87287,87288],{"class":146},"close",[69,87290,9329],{"class":83},[20,87292,87293,87294,87296],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,87295,87072],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[55,87298,2888],{"id":2887},[20,87300,87301],{},"A common form is:",[60,87303,87305],{"className":62,"code":87304,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,87306,87307],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,87308,87309,87311,87313,87315,87317,87320,87322,87324,87326,87328,87330,87332],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,87310,42897],{"class":128},[69,87312,132],{"class":83},[69,87314,87220],{"class":87113},[69,87316,91],{"class":83},[69,87318,87319],{"class":146}," mode",[69,87321,91],{"class":83},[69,87323,87097],{"class":9862},[69,87325,80],{"class":79},[69,87327,871],{"class":699},[69,87329,87104],{"class":703},[69,87331,871],{"class":699},[69,87333,166],{"class":83},[20,87335,65523],{},[29,87337,87338,87343,87348],{},[32,87339,87340,87342],{},[15,87341,87220],{}," is the file name or file path",[32,87344,87345,87347],{},[15,87346,21609],{}," controls how the file is opened",[32,87349,87350,87353],{},[15,87351,87352],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,87355,234],{},[60,87357,87359],{"className":62,"code":87358,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,87360,87361,87404,87419],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,87362,87363,87365,87367,87369,87371,87374,87376,87378,87380,87382,87384,87386,87388,87390,87392,87394,87396,87398,87400,87402],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,87364,87072],{"class":1053},[69,87366,87075],{"class":128},[69,87368,132],{"class":83},[69,87370,871],{"class":699},[69,87372,87373],{"class":703},"notes.txt",[69,87375,871],{"class":699},[69,87377,91],{"class":83},[69,87379,881],{"class":699},[69,87381,60982],{"class":703},[69,87383,871],{"class":699},[69,87385,91],{"class":83},[69,87387,87097],{"class":9862},[69,87389,80],{"class":79},[69,87391,871],{"class":699},[69,87393,87104],{"class":703},[69,87395,871],{"class":699},[69,87397,938],{"class":83},[69,87399,47830],{"class":1053},[69,87401,87114],{"class":87113},[69,87403,1579],{"class":83},[69,87405,87406,87409,87411,87413,87415,87417],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,87407,87408],{"class":75},"    text ",[69,87410,80],{"class":79},[69,87412,87114],{"class":87113},[69,87414,537],{"class":83},[69,87416,87130],{"class":146},[69,87418,9329],{"class":83},[69,87420,87421,87423,87425,87427],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,87422,8756],{"class":128},[69,87424,132],{"class":83},[69,87426,35399],{"class":146},[69,87428,166],{"class":83},[20,87430,20648],{},[29,87432,87433,87439,87444],{},[32,87434,87435,87438],{},[15,87436,87437],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[32,87440,87441,87443],{},[15,87442,87151],{}," means open for reading",[32,87445,87446,87449],{},[15,87447,87448],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[55,87451,87453],{"id":87452},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,87455,87456],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[29,87458,87459,87464,87470,87475,87481,87487],{},[32,87460,87461,87463],{},[15,87462,87151],{}," = read a text file",[32,87465,87466,87469],{},[15,87467,87468],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[32,87471,87472,87474],{},[15,87473,18786],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[32,87476,87477,87480],{},[15,87478,87479],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[32,87482,87483,87486],{},[15,87484,87485],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[32,87488,87489,87492],{},[15,87490,87491],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,87494,2855],{},[60,87496,87498],{"className":62,"code":87497,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87499,87500,87505,87548],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,87501,87502],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,87503,87504],{"class":189},"# Read a text file\n",[69,87506,87507,87509,87511,87513,87515,87518,87520,87522,87524,87526,87528,87530,87532,87534,87536,87538,87540,87542,87544,87546],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,87508,87072],{"class":1053},[69,87510,87075],{"class":128},[69,87512,132],{"class":83},[69,87514,871],{"class":699},[69,87516,87517],{"class":703},"data.txt",[69,87519,871],{"class":699},[69,87521,91],{"class":83},[69,87523,881],{"class":699},[69,87525,60982],{"class":703},[69,87527,871],{"class":699},[69,87529,91],{"class":83},[69,87531,87097],{"class":9862},[69,87533,80],{"class":79},[69,87535,871],{"class":699},[69,87537,87104],{"class":703},[69,87539,871],{"class":699},[69,87541,938],{"class":83},[69,87543,47830],{"class":1053},[69,87545,87114],{"class":87113},[69,87547,1579],{"class":83},[69,87549,87550,87552,87554,87556,87558,87560],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,87551,8756],{"class":128},[69,87553,132],{"class":83},[69,87555,87220],{"class":87113},[69,87557,537],{"class":83},[69,87559,87130],{"class":146},[69,87561,7882],{"class":83},[60,87563,87565],{"className":62,"code":87564,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87566,87567,87572,87614],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,87568,87569],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,87570,87571],{"class":189},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[69,87573,87574,87576,87578,87580,87582,87584,87586,87588,87590,87592,87594,87596,87598,87600,87602,87604,87606,87608,87610,87612],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,87575,87072],{"class":1053},[69,87577,87075],{"class":128},[69,87579,132],{"class":83},[69,87581,871],{"class":699},[69,87583,87517],{"class":703},[69,87585,871],{"class":699},[69,87587,91],{"class":83},[69,87589,881],{"class":699},[69,87591,60965],{"class":703},[69,87593,871],{"class":699},[69,87595,91],{"class":83},[69,87597,87097],{"class":9862},[69,87599,80],{"class":79},[69,87601,871],{"class":699},[69,87603,87104],{"class":703},[69,87605,871],{"class":699},[69,87607,938],{"class":83},[69,87609,47830],{"class":1053},[69,87611,87114],{"class":87113},[69,87613,1579],{"class":83},[69,87615,87616,87619,87621,87623,87625,87627,87629,87632,87634],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,87617,87618],{"class":87113},"    file",[69,87620,537],{"class":83},[69,87622,70673],{"class":146},[69,87624,132],{"class":83},[69,87626,871],{"class":699},[69,87628,35555],{"class":703},[69,87630,87631],{"class":685},"\\n",[69,87633,871],{"class":699},[69,87635,166],{"class":83},[60,87637,87639],{"className":62,"code":87638,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87640,87641,87646,87688],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,87642,87643],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,87644,87645],{"class":189},"# Append to a text file\n",[69,87647,87648,87650,87652,87654,87656,87658,87660,87662,87664,87666,87668,87670,87672,87674,87676,87678,87680,87682,87684,87686],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,87649,87072],{"class":1053},[69,87651,87075],{"class":128},[69,87653,132],{"class":83},[69,87655,871],{"class":699},[69,87657,87517],{"class":703},[69,87659,871],{"class":699},[69,87661,91],{"class":83},[69,87663,881],{"class":699},[69,87665,533],{"class":703},[69,87667,871],{"class":699},[69,87669,91],{"class":83},[69,87671,87097],{"class":9862},[69,87673,80],{"class":79},[69,87675,871],{"class":699},[69,87677,87104],{"class":703},[69,87679,871],{"class":699},[69,87681,938],{"class":83},[69,87683,47830],{"class":1053},[69,87685,87114],{"class":87113},[69,87687,1579],{"class":83},[69,87689,87690,87692,87694,87696,87698,87700,87703,87705,87707],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,87691,87618],{"class":87113},[69,87693,537],{"class":83},[69,87695,70673],{"class":146},[69,87697,132],{"class":83},[69,87699,871],{"class":699},[69,87701,87702],{"class":703},"Another line",[69,87704,87631],{"class":685},[69,87706,871],{"class":699},[69,87708,166],{"class":83},[20,87710,69825,87711,87713],{},[15,87712,87468],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[55,87715,87717],{"id":87716},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87719,87720,547,87722,537],{},[15,87721,87053],{},[42,87723,87178],{},[20,87725,87726],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[29,87728,87729,87734,87739],{},[32,87730,87731],{},[15,87732,87733],{},"file.read()",[32,87735,87736],{},[15,87737,87738],{},"file.write()",[32,87740,87741],{},[15,87742,87743],{},"file.close()",[20,87745,87746],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87748,234],{},[60,87750,87752],{"className":62,"code":87751,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87753,87754,87796],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,87755,87756,87758,87760,87762,87764,87766,87768,87770,87772,87774,87776,87778,87780,87782,87784,87786,87788,87790,87792,87794],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,87757,87072],{"class":1053},[69,87759,87075],{"class":128},[69,87761,132],{"class":83},[69,87763,871],{"class":699},[69,87765,87082],{"class":703},[69,87767,871],{"class":699},[69,87769,91],{"class":83},[69,87771,881],{"class":699},[69,87773,60982],{"class":703},[69,87775,871],{"class":699},[69,87777,91],{"class":83},[69,87779,87097],{"class":9862},[69,87781,80],{"class":79},[69,87783,871],{"class":699},[69,87785,87104],{"class":703},[69,87787,871],{"class":699},[69,87789,938],{"class":83},[69,87791,47830],{"class":1053},[69,87793,87114],{"class":87113},[69,87795,1579],{"class":83},[69,87797,87798,87800,87802,87804,87806,87808],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,87799,8756],{"class":128},[69,87801,132],{"class":83},[69,87803,641],{"class":177},[69,87805,132],{"class":83},[69,87807,87220],{"class":87113},[69,87809,318],{"class":83},[20,87811,30718],{},[60,87813,87815],{"className":62,"code":87814,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87816,87817],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,87818,87819,87821,87823,87825,87828,87830],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,87820,674],{"class":79},[69,87822,696],{"class":135},[69,87824,700],{"class":699},[69,87826,87827],{"class":703},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[69,87829,706],{"class":699},[69,87831,689],{"class":79},[20,87833,87834,87835,87837],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87836,87053],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[55,87839,87841],{"id":87840},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87843,87844],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[60,87846,87847],{"className":62,"code":87065,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,87848,87849,87891,87905],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,87850,87851,87853,87855,87857,87859,87861,87863,87865,87867,87869,87871,87873,87875,87877,87879,87881,87883,87885,87887,87889],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,87852,87072],{"class":1053},[69,87854,87075],{"class":128},[69,87856,132],{"class":83},[69,87858,871],{"class":699},[69,87860,87082],{"class":703},[69,87862,871],{"class":699},[69,87864,91],{"class":83},[69,87866,881],{"class":699},[69,87868,60982],{"class":703},[69,87870,871],{"class":699},[69,87872,91],{"class":83},[69,87874,87097],{"class":9862},[69,87876,80],{"class":79},[69,87878,871],{"class":699},[69,87880,87104],{"class":703},[69,87882,871],{"class":699},[69,87884,938],{"class":83},[69,87886,47830],{"class":1053},[69,87888,87114],{"class":87113},[69,87890,1579],{"class":83},[69,87892,87893,87895,87897,87899,87901,87903],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,87894,87121],{"class":75},[69,87896,80],{"class":79},[69,87898,87114],{"class":87113},[69,87900,537],{"class":83},[69,87902,87130],{"class":146},[69,87904,9329],{"class":83},[69,87906,87907,87909,87911,87913],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,87908,8756],{"class":128},[69,87910,132],{"class":83},[69,87912,87141],{"class":146},[69,87914,166],{"class":83},[20,87916,87917],{},"Why this is recommended:",[29,87919,87920,87925,87931,87934],{},[32,87921,87922,87924],{},[15,87923,87072],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[32,87926,87927,87928,87930],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87929,87208],{}," yourself",[32,87932,87933],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[32,87935,87936],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87938,84230,87939,87941],{},[15,87940,87072],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[60,87943,87944],{"className":62,"code":87213,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,87945,87946,87984,87998,88008],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,87947,87948,87950,87952,87954,87956,87958,87960,87962,87964,87966,87968,87970,87972,87974,87976,87978,87980,87982],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,87949,87220],{"class":87113},[69,87951,13969],{"class":79},[69,87953,87075],{"class":128},[69,87955,132],{"class":83},[69,87957,871],{"class":699},[69,87959,87082],{"class":703},[69,87961,871],{"class":699},[69,87963,91],{"class":83},[69,87965,881],{"class":699},[69,87967,60982],{"class":703},[69,87969,871],{"class":699},[69,87971,91],{"class":83},[69,87973,87097],{"class":9862},[69,87975,80],{"class":79},[69,87977,871],{"class":699},[69,87979,87104],{"class":703},[69,87981,871],{"class":699},[69,87983,166],{"class":83},[69,87985,87986,87988,87990,87992,87994,87996],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,87987,87259],{"class":75},[69,87989,80],{"class":79},[69,87991,87114],{"class":87113},[69,87993,537],{"class":83},[69,87995,87130],{"class":146},[69,87997,9329],{"class":83},[69,87999,88000,88002,88004,88006],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,88001,172],{"class":128},[69,88003,132],{"class":83},[69,88005,87141],{"class":146},[69,88007,166],{"class":83},[69,88009,88010,88012,88014,88016],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,88011,87220],{"class":87113},[69,88013,537],{"class":83},[69,88015,87288],{"class":146},[69,88017,9329],{"class":83},[20,88019,88020],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[55,88022,88024],{"id":88023},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,88026,88027,88028,88030],{},"Use mode ",[15,88029,87151],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[377,88032,88034],{"id":88033},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,88036,88037,88039],{},[15,88038,87188],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[60,88041,88042],{"className":62,"code":87065,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,88043,88044,88086,88100],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,88045,88046,88048,88050,88052,88054,88056,88058,88060,88062,88064,88066,88068,88070,88072,88074,88076,88078,88080,88082,88084],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,88047,87072],{"class":1053},[69,88049,87075],{"class":128},[69,88051,132],{"class":83},[69,88053,871],{"class":699},[69,88055,87082],{"class":703},[69,88057,871],{"class":699},[69,88059,91],{"class":83},[69,88061,881],{"class":699},[69,88063,60982],{"class":703},[69,88065,871],{"class":699},[69,88067,91],{"class":83},[69,88069,87097],{"class":9862},[69,88071,80],{"class":79},[69,88073,871],{"class":699},[69,88075,87104],{"class":703},[69,88077,871],{"class":699},[69,88079,938],{"class":83},[69,88081,47830],{"class":1053},[69,88083,87114],{"class":87113},[69,88085,1579],{"class":83},[69,88087,88088,88090,88092,88094,88096,88098],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,88089,87121],{"class":75},[69,88091,80],{"class":79},[69,88093,87114],{"class":87113},[69,88095,537],{"class":83},[69,88097,87130],{"class":146},[69,88099,9329],{"class":83},[69,88101,88102,88104,88106,88108],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,88103,8756],{"class":128},[69,88105,132],{"class":83},[69,88107,87141],{"class":146},[69,88109,166],{"class":83},[377,88111,88113],{"id":88112},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,88115,88116,88118],{},[15,88117,87193],{}," reads one line at a time.",[60,88120,88122],{"className":62,"code":88121,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,88123,88124,88166,88182],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,88125,88126,88128,88130,88132,88134,88136,88138,88140,88142,88144,88146,88148,88150,88152,88154,88156,88158,88160,88162,88164],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,88127,87072],{"class":1053},[69,88129,87075],{"class":128},[69,88131,132],{"class":83},[69,88133,871],{"class":699},[69,88135,87082],{"class":703},[69,88137,871],{"class":699},[69,88139,91],{"class":83},[69,88141,881],{"class":699},[69,88143,60982],{"class":703},[69,88145,871],{"class":699},[69,88147,91],{"class":83},[69,88149,87097],{"class":9862},[69,88151,80],{"class":79},[69,88153,871],{"class":699},[69,88155,87104],{"class":703},[69,88157,871],{"class":699},[69,88159,938],{"class":83},[69,88161,47830],{"class":1053},[69,88163,87114],{"class":87113},[69,88165,1579],{"class":83},[69,88167,88168,88171,88173,88175,88177,88180],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,88169,88170],{"class":75},"    first_line ",[69,88172,80],{"class":79},[69,88174,87114],{"class":87113},[69,88176,537],{"class":83},[69,88178,88179],{"class":146},"readline",[69,88181,9329],{"class":83},[69,88183,88184,88186,88188,88191],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,88185,8756],{"class":128},[69,88187,132],{"class":83},[69,88189,88190],{"class":146},"first_line",[69,88192,166],{"class":83},[377,88194,88196],{"id":88195},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,88198,88199],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[60,88201,88203],{"className":62,"code":88202,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,88204,88205,88247,88261],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,88206,88207,88209,88211,88213,88215,88217,88219,88221,88223,88225,88227,88229,88231,88233,88235,88237,88239,88241,88243,88245],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,88208,87072],{"class":1053},[69,88210,87075],{"class":128},[69,88212,132],{"class":83},[69,88214,871],{"class":699},[69,88216,87082],{"class":703},[69,88218,871],{"class":699},[69,88220,91],{"class":83},[69,88222,881],{"class":699},[69,88224,60982],{"class":703},[69,88226,871],{"class":699},[69,88228,91],{"class":83},[69,88230,87097],{"class":9862},[69,88232,80],{"class":79},[69,88234,871],{"class":699},[69,88236,87104],{"class":703},[69,88238,871],{"class":699},[69,88240,938],{"class":83},[69,88242,47830],{"class":1053},[69,88244,87114],{"class":87113},[69,88246,1579],{"class":83},[69,88248,88249,88252,88255,88257,88259],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,88250,88251],{"class":1053},"    for",[69,88253,88254],{"class":75}," line ",[69,88256,1574],{"class":1053},[69,88258,87114],{"class":87113},[69,88260,1579],{"class":83},[69,88262,88263,88265,88267,88269,88271,88273],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,88264,47810],{"class":128},[69,88266,132],{"class":83},[69,88268,71],{"class":146},[69,88270,537],{"class":83},[69,88272,9320],{"class":146},[69,88274,7882],{"class":83},[20,88276,88277,88278,394,88282,537],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[533,88279,88281],{"href":88280},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[533,88283,88285],{"href":88284},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[55,88287,88289],{"id":88288},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,88291,1378,88292,88294],{},[15,88293,87468],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[60,88296,88298],{"className":62,"code":88297,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,88299,88300,88343,88364],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,88301,88302,88304,88306,88308,88310,88313,88315,88317,88319,88321,88323,88325,88327,88329,88331,88333,88335,88337,88339,88341],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,88303,87072],{"class":1053},[69,88305,87075],{"class":128},[69,88307,132],{"class":83},[69,88309,871],{"class":699},[69,88311,88312],{"class":703},"output.txt",[69,88314,871],{"class":699},[69,88316,91],{"class":83},[69,88318,881],{"class":699},[69,88320,60965],{"class":703},[69,88322,871],{"class":699},[69,88324,91],{"class":83},[69,88326,87097],{"class":9862},[69,88328,80],{"class":79},[69,88330,871],{"class":699},[69,88332,87104],{"class":703},[69,88334,871],{"class":699},[69,88336,938],{"class":83},[69,88338,47830],{"class":1053},[69,88340,87114],{"class":87113},[69,88342,1579],{"class":83},[69,88344,88345,88347,88349,88351,88353,88355,88358,88360,88362],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,88346,87618],{"class":87113},[69,88348,537],{"class":83},[69,88350,70673],{"class":146},[69,88352,132],{"class":83},[69,88354,871],{"class":699},[69,88356,88357],{"class":703},"First line",[69,88359,87631],{"class":685},[69,88361,871],{"class":699},[69,88363,166],{"class":83},[69,88365,88366,88368,88370,88372,88374,88376,88379,88381,88383],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,88367,87618],{"class":87113},[69,88369,537],{"class":83},[69,88371,70673],{"class":146},[69,88373,132],{"class":83},[69,88375,871],{"class":699},[69,88377,88378],{"class":703},"Second line",[69,88380,87631],{"class":685},[69,88382,871],{"class":699},[69,88384,166],{"class":83},[20,88386,1378,88387,88389],{},[15,88388,18786],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[60,88391,88393],{"className":62,"code":88392,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,88394,88395,88437],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,88396,88397,88399,88401,88403,88405,88407,88409,88411,88413,88415,88417,88419,88421,88423,88425,88427,88429,88431,88433,88435],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,88398,87072],{"class":1053},[69,88400,87075],{"class":128},[69,88402,132],{"class":83},[69,88404,871],{"class":699},[69,88406,88312],{"class":703},[69,88408,871],{"class":699},[69,88410,91],{"class":83},[69,88412,881],{"class":699},[69,88414,533],{"class":703},[69,88416,871],{"class":699},[69,88418,91],{"class":83},[69,88420,87097],{"class":9862},[69,88422,80],{"class":79},[69,88424,871],{"class":699},[69,88426,87104],{"class":703},[69,88428,871],{"class":699},[69,88430,938],{"class":83},[69,88432,47830],{"class":1053},[69,88434,87114],{"class":87113},[69,88436,1579],{"class":83},[69,88438,88439,88441,88443,88445,88447,88449,88452,88454,88456],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,88440,87618],{"class":87113},[69,88442,537],{"class":83},[69,88444,70673],{"class":146},[69,88446,132],{"class":83},[69,88448,871],{"class":699},[69,88450,88451],{"class":703},"Third line",[69,88453,87631],{"class":685},[69,88455,871],{"class":699},[69,88457,166],{"class":83},[20,88459,88460],{},"Important detail:",[29,88462,88463,88468,88475],{},[32,88464,88465,88467],{},[15,88466,87203],{}," writes a string",[32,88469,88470,14746,88472,88474],{},[15,88471,87203],{},[42,88473,5334],{}," add a newline for you",[32,88476,88477,88478,87930],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,88479,87631],{},[20,88481,88482,88483,394,88487,537],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[533,88484,88486],{"href":88485},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[533,88488,88490],{"href":88489},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[55,88492,88494],{"id":88493},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,88496,88497],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[377,88499,88501],{"id":88500},"encodingutf-8",[15,88502,87448],{},[20,88504,88505],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[60,88507,88509],{"className":62,"code":88508,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88510,88511,88554],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,88512,88513,88515,88517,88519,88521,88524,88526,88528,88530,88532,88534,88536,88538,88540,88542,88544,88546,88548,88550,88552],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,88514,87072],{"class":1053},[69,88516,87075],{"class":128},[69,88518,132],{"class":83},[69,88520,871],{"class":699},[69,88522,88523],{"class":703},"message.txt",[69,88525,871],{"class":699},[69,88527,91],{"class":83},[69,88529,881],{"class":699},[69,88531,60982],{"class":703},[69,88533,871],{"class":699},[69,88535,91],{"class":83},[69,88537,87097],{"class":9862},[69,88539,80],{"class":79},[69,88541,871],{"class":699},[69,88543,87104],{"class":703},[69,88545,871],{"class":699},[69,88547,938],{"class":83},[69,88549,47830],{"class":1053},[69,88551,87114],{"class":87113},[69,88553,1579],{"class":83},[69,88555,88556,88558,88560,88562,88564,88566],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,88557,8756],{"class":128},[69,88559,132],{"class":83},[69,88561,87220],{"class":87113},[69,88563,537],{"class":83},[69,88565,87130],{"class":146},[69,88567,7882],{"class":83},[20,88569,88570],{},"Why it matters:",[29,88572,88573,88576,88579],{},[32,88574,88575],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[32,88577,88578],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[32,88580,88581],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[377,88583,88585],{"id":88584},"newline",[15,88586,88584],{},[20,88588,88589],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88591,88592],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[377,88594,88596],{"id":88595},"buffering",[15,88597,88595],{},[20,88599,88600],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88602,88603],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[55,88605,88607],{"id":88606},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88609,88610],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[377,88612,88614],{"id":88613},"filenotfounderror",[15,88615,88616],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88618,88619],{},"This happens when:",[29,88621,88622,88625,88628],{},[32,88623,88624],{},"the file does not exist",[32,88626,88627],{},"the path is wrong",[32,88629,88630],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88632,234],{},[60,88634,88636],{"className":62,"code":88635,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88637,88638,88681],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,88639,88640,88642,88644,88646,88648,88651,88653,88655,88657,88659,88661,88663,88665,88667,88669,88671,88673,88675,88677,88679],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,88641,87072],{"class":1053},[69,88643,87075],{"class":128},[69,88645,132],{"class":83},[69,88647,871],{"class":699},[69,88649,88650],{"class":703},"missing.txt",[69,88652,871],{"class":699},[69,88654,91],{"class":83},[69,88656,881],{"class":699},[69,88658,60982],{"class":703},[69,88660,871],{"class":699},[69,88662,91],{"class":83},[69,88664,87097],{"class":9862},[69,88666,80],{"class":79},[69,88668,871],{"class":699},[69,88670,87104],{"class":703},[69,88672,871],{"class":699},[69,88674,938],{"class":83},[69,88676,47830],{"class":1053},[69,88678,87114],{"class":87113},[69,88680,1579],{"class":83},[69,88682,88683,88685,88687,88689,88691,88693],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,88684,8756],{"class":128},[69,88686,132],{"class":83},[69,88688,87220],{"class":87113},[69,88690,537],{"class":83},[69,88692,87130],{"class":146},[69,88694,7882],{"class":83},[20,88696,88697,88698,5096,88706,537],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[533,88699,88701,88702,88705],{"href":88700},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[69,88703,88704],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[533,88707,88709],{"href":88708},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[377,88711,88713],{"id":88712},"permissionerror",[15,88714,88715],{},"PermissionError",[20,88717,88718],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88720,88721],{},"Example causes:",[29,88723,88724,88727,88730],{},[32,88725,88726],{},"the file is protected",[32,88728,88729],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[32,88731,88732],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88734,88735,88736],{},"Related page: ",[533,88737,88739,88740,88743],{"href":88738},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[69,88741,88742],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[377,88745,88747],{"id":88746},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88748,88749],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88751,88752],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88754,234],{},[60,88756,88758],{"className":62,"code":88757,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88759,88760,88803],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,88761,88762,88764,88766,88768,88770,88773,88775,88777,88779,88781,88783,88785,88787,88789,88791,88793,88795,88797,88799,88801],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,88763,87072],{"class":1053},[69,88765,87075],{"class":128},[69,88767,132],{"class":83},[69,88769,871],{"class":699},[69,88771,88772],{"class":703},"my_folder",[69,88774,871],{"class":699},[69,88776,91],{"class":83},[69,88778,881],{"class":699},[69,88780,60982],{"class":703},[69,88782,871],{"class":699},[69,88784,91],{"class":83},[69,88786,87097],{"class":9862},[69,88788,80],{"class":79},[69,88790,871],{"class":699},[69,88792,87104],{"class":703},[69,88794,871],{"class":699},[69,88796,938],{"class":83},[69,88798,47830],{"class":1053},[69,88800,87114],{"class":87113},[69,88802,1579],{"class":83},[69,88804,88805,88807,88809,88811,88813,88815],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,88806,8756],{"class":128},[69,88808,132],{"class":83},[69,88810,87220],{"class":87113},[69,88812,537],{"class":83},[69,88814,87130],{"class":146},[69,88816,7882],{"class":83},[20,88818,88735,88819],{},[533,88820,88822,88823,88826],{"href":88821},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[69,88824,88825],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[377,88828,88830],{"id":88829},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88831,88832],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88834,88835,88836,537],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88837,87053],{},[20,88839,88735,88840],{},[533,88841,88843],{"href":88842},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[55,88845,88847],{"id":88846},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88849,88850,88851,88853],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88852,87053],{}," function.",[20,88855,88856],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[29,88858,88859,88862,88865,88871],{},[32,88860,88861],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[32,88863,88864],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[32,88866,88867,88868,88870],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88869,87053],{}," itself",[32,88872,88873,88874],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[533,88875,88877],{"href":88876},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[55,88879,1771],{"id":1770},[20,88881,88882,88883,143],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88884,87053],{},[29,88886,88887,88892,88898,88903,88906,88909],{},[32,88888,840,88889,88891],{},[15,88890,87151],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[32,88893,88894,88895,88897],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88896,87352],{}," for text files",[32,88899,840,88900,88902],{},[15,88901,87468],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[32,88904,88905],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[32,88907,88908],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[32,88910,88911],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88913,88914],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[60,88916,88918],{"className":62,"code":88917,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88919,88920,88927],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,88921,88922,88924],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,88923,35779],{"class":1053},[69,88925,88926],{"class":75}," os\n",[69,88928,88929,88931,88933,88935,88937,88940],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,88930,172],{"class":128},[69,88932,132],{"class":83},[69,88934,43096],{"class":146},[69,88936,537],{"class":83},[69,88938,88939],{"class":146},"getcwd",[69,88941,7882],{"class":83},[20,88943,88944],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[60,88946,88948],{"className":62,"code":88947,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88949,88950,88956],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,88951,88952,88954],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,88953,35779],{"class":1053},[69,88955,88926],{"class":75},[69,88957,88958,88960,88962,88964,88966,88969,88971,88974,88976,88978,88980,88982],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,88959,172],{"class":128},[69,88961,132],{"class":83},[69,88963,43096],{"class":146},[69,88965,537],{"class":83},[69,88967,88968],{"class":25438},"path",[69,88970,537],{"class":83},[69,88972,88973],{"class":146},"exists",[69,88975,132],{"class":83},[69,88977,871],{"class":699},[69,88979,87082],{"class":703},[69,88981,871],{"class":699},[69,88983,318],{"class":83},[20,88985,88986],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[60,88988,88990],{"className":62,"code":88989,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88991,88992,88998],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,88993,88994,88996],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,88995,35779],{"class":1053},[69,88997,88926],{"class":75},[69,88999,89000,89002,89004,89006,89008,89010,89012,89015,89017,89019,89021,89023],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,89001,172],{"class":128},[69,89003,132],{"class":83},[69,89005,43096],{"class":146},[69,89007,537],{"class":83},[69,89009,88968],{"class":25438},[69,89011,537],{"class":83},[69,89013,89014],{"class":146},"isfile",[69,89016,132],{"class":83},[69,89018,871],{"class":699},[69,89020,87082],{"class":703},[69,89022,871],{"class":699},[69,89024,318],{"class":83},[20,89026,89027],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[60,89029,89031],{"className":62,"code":89030,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,89032,89033,89075],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89034,89035,89037,89039,89041,89043,89045,89047,89049,89051,89053,89055,89057,89059,89061,89063,89065,89067,89069,89071,89073],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89036,87072],{"class":1053},[69,89038,87075],{"class":128},[69,89040,132],{"class":83},[69,89042,871],{"class":699},[69,89044,87082],{"class":703},[69,89046,871],{"class":699},[69,89048,91],{"class":83},[69,89050,881],{"class":699},[69,89052,60982],{"class":703},[69,89054,871],{"class":699},[69,89056,91],{"class":83},[69,89058,87097],{"class":9862},[69,89060,80],{"class":79},[69,89062,871],{"class":699},[69,89064,87104],{"class":703},[69,89066,871],{"class":699},[69,89068,938],{"class":83},[69,89070,47830],{"class":1053},[69,89072,87114],{"class":87113},[69,89074,1579],{"class":83},[69,89076,89077,89079,89081,89083,89085,89087],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,89078,8756],{"class":128},[69,89080,132],{"class":83},[69,89082,87220],{"class":87113},[69,89084,537],{"class":83},[69,89086,87130],{"class":146},[69,89088,7882],{"class":83},[20,89090,89091],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[55,89093,2519],{"id":2518},[377,89095,89097],{"id":89096},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,89099,89100],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[377,89102,89104],{"id":89103},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,89106,89107,89108,89110],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,89109,87072],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[377,89112,5881,89114,5096,89116,89118],{"id":89113},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,89115,87468],{},[15,89117,18786],{}," mode?",[20,89120,89121,89123,89124,89126],{},[15,89122,87468],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,89125,18786],{}," adds new content to the end.",[377,89128,89130],{"id":89129},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,89132,89133],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[377,89135,89137],{"id":89136},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,89139,89140,89141,89143],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,89142,87448],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[55,89145,2620],{"id":2619},[29,89147,89148,89152,89156,89160,89164,89168,89172,89178],{},[32,89149,89150],{},[533,89151,88281],{"href":88280},[32,89153,89154],{},[533,89155,88486],{"href":88485},[32,89157,89158],{},[533,89159,88490],{"href":88489},[32,89161,89162],{},[533,89163,88285],{"href":88284},[32,89165,89166],{},[533,89167,88877],{"href":88876},[32,89169,89170],{},[533,89171,88709],{"href":88708},[32,89173,89174],{},[533,89175,88701,89176,88705],{"href":88700},[69,89177,88704],{},[32,89179,89180],{},[533,89181,88739,89182,88743],{"href":88738},[69,89183,88742],{},[2650,89185,89186],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":89188},[89189,89190,89191,89192,89193,89194,89195,89200,89201,89206,89212,89213,89214,89222],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":87155,"depth":120,"text":87156},{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":87452,"depth":120,"text":87453},{"id":87716,"depth":120,"text":87717},{"id":87840,"depth":120,"text":87841},{"id":88023,"depth":120,"text":88024,"children":89196},[89197,89198,89199],{"id":88033,"depth":169,"text":88034},{"id":88112,"depth":169,"text":88113},{"id":88195,"depth":169,"text":88196},{"id":88288,"depth":120,"text":88289},{"id":88493,"depth":120,"text":88494,"children":89202},[89203,89204,89205],{"id":88500,"depth":169,"text":87448},{"id":88584,"depth":169,"text":88584},{"id":88595,"depth":169,"text":88595},{"id":88606,"depth":120,"text":88607,"children":89207},[89208,89209,89210,89211],{"id":88613,"depth":169,"text":88616},{"id":88712,"depth":169,"text":88715},{"id":88746,"depth":169,"text":88749},{"id":88829,"depth":169,"text":88832},{"id":88846,"depth":120,"text":88847},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":89215},[89216,89217,89218,89220,89221],{"id":89096,"depth":169,"text":89097},{"id":89103,"depth":169,"text":89104},{"id":89113,"depth":169,"text":89219},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":89129,"depth":169,"text":89130},{"id":89136,"depth":169,"text":89137},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":87043,"description":89223},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":89230,"title":89231,"body":89232,"description":91227,"extension":2697,"meta":91228,"navigation":272,"path":91229,"seo":91230,"stem":91231,"__hash__":91232},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":89233,"toc":91174},[89234,89239,89244,89250,89252,89320,89322,89341,89346,89351,89356,89359,89371,89373,89416,89418,89436,89447,89449,89451,89476,89478,89489,89491,89551,89553,89579,89582,89586,89591,89595,89598,89632,89636,89639,89664,89668,89691,89695,89728,89733,89737,89742,89745,89813,89815,89839,89844,89847,89878,89880,89912,89929,89933,89938,89962,89969,89974,89979,89982,89986,90021,90023,90032,90036,90127,90129,90160,90165,90172,90177,90186,90189,90223,90225,90239,90243,90284,90286,90295,90299,90347,90349,90363,90368,90379,90386,90392,90394,90429,90431,90445,90448,90470,90476,90505,90516,90522,90528,90542,90544,90623,90625,90675,90682,90684,90689,90693,90696,90711,90716,90718,90737,90743,90746,90761,90763,90781,90787,90792,90822,90825,90848,90851,90878,90885,90891,90899,90922,90927,90935,90937,90957,90961,90967,91017,91020,91042,91044,91050,91058,91064,91070,91078,91083,91087,91090,91113,91118,91125,91137,91139,91171],[10,89235,13,89237,18],{"id":89236},"python-print-function-explained",[15,89238,46924],{},[20,89240,33007,89241,89243],{},[15,89242,46924],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,89245,89246,89247,89249],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,89248,46924],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[55,89251,58],{"id":57},[60,89253,89255],{"className":62,"code":89254,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,89256,89257,89269,89278,89282,89292,89302],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89258,89259,89261,89263,89265,89267],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89260,8563],{"class":75},[69,89262,80],{"class":79},[69,89264,881],{"class":699},[69,89266,8608],{"class":703},[69,89268,4079],{"class":699},[69,89270,89271,89273,89275],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,89272,22318],{"class":75},[69,89274,80],{"class":79},[69,89276,89277],{"class":87}," 12\n",[69,89279,89280],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,89281,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,89283,89284,89286,89288,89290],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,89285,172],{"class":128},[69,89287,132],{"class":83},[69,89289,8356],{"class":146},[69,89291,166],{"class":83},[69,89293,89294,89296,89298,89300],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,89295,172],{"class":128},[69,89297,132],{"class":83},[69,89299,9985],{"class":146},[69,89301,166],{"class":83},[69,89303,89304,89306,89308,89310,89312,89314,89316,89318],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,89305,172],{"class":128},[69,89307,132],{"class":83},[69,89309,871],{"class":699},[69,89311,35555],{"class":703},[69,89313,871],{"class":699},[69,89315,91],{"class":83},[69,89317,36681],{"class":146},[69,89319,166],{"class":83},[20,89321,321],{},[60,89323,89325],{"className":62,"code":89324,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,89326,89327,89332,89336],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89328,89329],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89330,89331],{"class":75},"Mia\n",[69,89333,89334],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,89335,2954],{"class":87},[69,89337,89338],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,89339,89340],{"class":75},"Hello Mia\n",[20,89342,1378,89343,89345],{},[15,89344,46924],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[55,89347,202,89349,205],{"id":89348},"what-print-does",[15,89350,46924],{},[20,89352,89353,89355],{},[15,89354,46924],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,89357,89358],{},"You can use it to display:",[29,89360,89361,89363,89365,89368],{},[32,89362,35399],{},[32,89364,4366],{},[32,89366,89367],{},"variables",[32,89369,89370],{},"expressions",[20,89372,234],{},[60,89374,89376],{"className":62,"code":89375,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,89377,89378,89392,89402],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89379,89380,89382,89384,89386,89388,89390],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89381,172],{"class":128},[69,89383,132],{"class":83},[69,89385,871],{"class":699},[69,89387,35555],{"class":703},[69,89389,871],{"class":699},[69,89391,166],{"class":83},[69,89393,89394,89396,89398,89400],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,89395,172],{"class":128},[69,89397,132],{"class":83},[69,89399,2866],{"class":87},[69,89401,166],{"class":83},[69,89403,89404,89406,89408,89410,89412,89414],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,89405,172],{"class":128},[69,89407,132],{"class":83},[69,89409,1155],{"class":87},[69,89411,3180],{"class":79},[69,89413,99],{"class":87},[69,89415,166],{"class":83},[20,89417,321],{},[60,89419,89421],{"className":62,"code":89420,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,89422,89423,89428,89432],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89424,89425],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89426,89427],{"class":75},"Hello\n",[69,89429,89430],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,89431,3671],{"class":87},[69,89433,89434],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,89435,3671],{"class":87},[20,89437,89438,89439,89441,89442,89446],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,89440,46924],{}," ",[42,89443,4407,89444],{},[15,89445,1181],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[55,89448,2888],{"id":2887},[20,89450,31414],{},[60,89452,89454],{"className":62,"code":89453,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,89455,89456],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89457,89458,89460,89462,89465,89467,89470,89472,89474],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89459,172],{"class":128},[69,89461,132],{"class":83},[69,89463,89464],{"class":146},"object1",[69,89466,91],{"class":83},[69,89468,89469],{"class":146}," object2",[69,89471,91],{"class":83},[69,89473,35144],{"class":128},[69,89475,166],{"class":83},[20,89477,80681],{},[29,89479,89480,89483,89486],{},[32,89481,89482],{},"one value",[32,89484,89485],{},"many values",[32,89487,89488],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,89490,234],{},[60,89492,89494],{"className":62,"code":89493,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,89495,89496,89510,89529],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89497,89498,89500,89502,89504,89506,89508],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89499,172],{"class":128},[69,89501,132],{"class":83},[69,89503,871],{"class":699},[69,89505,58244],{"class":703},[69,89507,871],{"class":699},[69,89509,166],{"class":83},[69,89511,89512,89514,89516,89518,89521,89523,89525,89527],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,89513,172],{"class":128},[69,89515,132],{"class":83},[69,89517,871],{"class":699},[69,89519,89520],{"class":703},"Score:",[69,89522,871],{"class":699},[69,89524,91],{"class":83},[69,89526,6701],{"class":87},[69,89528,166],{"class":83},[69,89530,89531,89533,89535,89537,89539,89541,89543,89545,89547,89549],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,89532,172],{"class":128},[69,89534,132],{"class":83},[69,89536,871],{"class":699},[69,89538,46035],{"class":703},[69,89540,871],{"class":699},[69,89542,91],{"class":83},[69,89544,104],{"class":87},[69,89546,3180],{"class":79},[69,89548,114],{"class":87},[69,89550,166],{"class":83},[20,89552,321],{},[60,89554,89556],{"className":62,"code":89555,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89557,89558,89562,89571],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89559,89560],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89561,85834],{"class":75},[69,89563,89564,89567,89569],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,89565,89566],{"class":75},"Score",[69,89568,143],{"class":83},[69,89570,3313],{"class":87},[69,89572,89573,89575,89577],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,89574,46075],{"class":75},[69,89576,143],{"class":83},[69,89578,3313],{"class":87},[20,89580,89581],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[55,89583,89585],{"id":89584},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89587,89588,89589,537],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89590,46924],{},[377,89592,89594],{"id":89593},"print-text","Print text",[20,89596,89597],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[60,89599,89601],{"className":62,"code":89600,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89602,89603,89617],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89604,89605,89607,89609,89611,89613,89615],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89606,172],{"class":128},[69,89608,132],{"class":83},[69,89610,871],{"class":699},[69,89612,35555],{"class":703},[69,89614,871],{"class":699},[69,89616,166],{"class":83},[69,89618,89619,89621,89623,89625,89628,89630],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,89620,172],{"class":128},[69,89622,132],{"class":83},[69,89624,871],{"class":699},[69,89626,89627],{"class":703},"Python is fun",[69,89629,871],{"class":699},[69,89631,166],{"class":83},[377,89633,89635],{"id":89634},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89637,89638],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[60,89640,89642],{"className":62,"code":89641,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89643,89644,89654],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89645,89646,89648,89650,89652],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89647,172],{"class":128},[69,89649,132],{"class":83},[69,89651,2866],{"class":87},[69,89653,166],{"class":83},[69,89655,89656,89658,89660,89662],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,89657,172],{"class":128},[69,89659,132],{"class":83},[69,89661,40612],{"class":87},[69,89663,166],{"class":83},[377,89665,89667],{"id":89666},"print-variables","Print variables",[60,89669,89671],{"className":62,"code":89670,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89672,89673,89681],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89674,89675,89677,89679],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89676,5800],{"class":75},[69,89678,80],{"class":79},[69,89680,14823],{"class":87},[69,89682,89683,89685,89687,89689],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,89684,172],{"class":128},[69,89686,132],{"class":83},[69,89688,85998],{"class":146},[69,89690,166],{"class":83},[377,89692,89694],{"id":89693},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[60,89696,89698],{"className":62,"code":89697,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89699,89700,89714],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89701,89702,89704,89706,89708,89710,89712],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89703,172],{"class":128},[69,89705,132],{"class":83},[69,89707,1155],{"class":87},[69,89709,3180],{"class":79},[69,89711,99],{"class":87},[69,89713,166],{"class":83},[69,89715,89716,89718,89720,89722,89724,89726],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,89717,172],{"class":128},[69,89719,132],{"class":83},[69,89721,444],{"class":87},[69,89723,83310],{"class":79},[69,89725,104],{"class":87},[69,89727,166],{"class":83},[20,89729,89730,89731,537],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[533,89732,51450],{"href":51449},[55,89734,89736],{"id":89735},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89738,89739,89741],{},[15,89740,46924],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89743,89744],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[60,89746,89748],{"className":62,"code":89747,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89749,89750,89763,89771,89775,89794],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89751,89752,89754,89756,89758,89761],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89753,8563],{"class":75},[69,89755,80],{"class":79},[69,89757,881],{"class":699},[69,89759,89760],{"class":703},"Ava",[69,89762,4079],{"class":699},[69,89764,89765,89767,89769],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,89766,22318],{"class":75},[69,89768,80],{"class":79},[69,89770,3313],{"class":87},[69,89772,89773],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,89774,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,89776,89777,89779,89781,89783,89786,89788,89790,89792],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,89778,172],{"class":128},[69,89780,132],{"class":83},[69,89782,871],{"class":699},[69,89784,89785],{"class":703},"Name:",[69,89787,871],{"class":699},[69,89789,91],{"class":83},[69,89791,36681],{"class":146},[69,89793,166],{"class":83},[69,89795,89796,89798,89800,89802,89805,89807,89809,89811],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,89797,172],{"class":128},[69,89799,132],{"class":83},[69,89801,871],{"class":699},[69,89803,89804],{"class":703},"Age:",[69,89806,871],{"class":699},[69,89808,91],{"class":83},[69,89810,9875],{"class":146},[69,89812,166],{"class":83},[20,89814,321],{},[60,89816,89818],{"className":62,"code":89817,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89819,89820,89830],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89821,89822,89825,89827],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89823,89824],{"class":75},"Name",[69,89826,143],{"class":83},[69,89828,89829],{"class":75}," Ava\n",[69,89831,89832,89835,89837],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,89833,89834],{"class":75},"Age",[69,89836,143],{"class":83},[69,89838,3313],{"class":87},[20,89840,89841,89842,537],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89843,2792],{},[20,89845,89846],{},"For example, this works:",[60,89848,89850],{"className":62,"code":89849,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89851,89852,89860],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89853,89854,89856,89858],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89855,22318],{"class":75},[69,89857,80],{"class":79},[69,89859,3313],{"class":87},[69,89861,89862,89864,89866,89868,89870,89872,89874,89876],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,89863,172],{"class":128},[69,89865,132],{"class":83},[69,89867,871],{"class":699},[69,89869,89804],{"class":703},[69,89871,871],{"class":699},[69,89873,91],{"class":83},[69,89875,9875],{"class":146},[69,89877,166],{"class":83},[20,89879,37617],{},[60,89881,89883],{"className":62,"code":89882,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89884,89885,89893],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89886,89887,89889,89891],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89888,22318],{"class":75},[69,89890,80],{"class":79},[69,89892,3313],{"class":87},[69,89894,89895,89897,89899,89901,89904,89906,89908,89910],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,89896,172],{"class":128},[69,89898,132],{"class":83},[69,89900,871],{"class":699},[69,89902,89903],{"class":703},"Age: ",[69,89905,871],{"class":699},[69,89907,3180],{"class":79},[69,89909,9875],{"class":146},[69,89911,166],{"class":83},[20,89913,89914,89915,89918,89919,89921,89922,89924,89925,537],{},"That fails because ",[15,89916,89917],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89920,9985],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89923,2792],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[533,89926,89927],{"href":42645},[15,89928,48156],{},[55,89930,89932],{"id":89931},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89934,89935,89937],{},[15,89936,46924],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[29,89939,89940,89946,89951,89956],{},[32,89941,89942,89945],{},[15,89943,89944],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[32,89947,89948,89950],{},[15,89949,53135],{}," controls what is added after the output",[32,89952,89953,89955],{},[15,89954,87220],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[32,89957,89958,89961],{},[15,89959,89960],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89963,89964,89965,5096,89967,537],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89966,89944],{},[15,89968,53135],{},[55,89970,89972,37306],{"id":89971},"sep-argument",[15,89973,89944],{},[20,89975,2714,89976,89978],{},[15,89977,89944],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89980,89981],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[377,89983,89985],{"id":89984},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[60,89987,89989],{"className":62,"code":89988,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89990,89991],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,89992,89993,89995,89997,89999,90001,90003,90005,90007,90009,90011,90013,90015,90017,90019],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,89994,172],{"class":128},[69,89996,132],{"class":83},[69,89998,871],{"class":699},[69,90000,13785],{"class":703},[69,90002,871],{"class":699},[69,90004,91],{"class":83},[69,90006,881],{"class":699},[69,90008,18145],{"class":703},[69,90010,871],{"class":699},[69,90012,91],{"class":83},[69,90014,881],{"class":699},[69,90016,13802],{"class":703},[69,90018,871],{"class":699},[69,90020,166],{"class":83},[20,90022,321],{},[60,90024,90026],{"className":62,"code":90025,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"red green blue\n",[15,90027,90028],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90029,90030],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90031,90025],{"class":75},[377,90033,90035],{"id":90034},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[60,90037,90039],{"className":62,"code":90038,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,90040,90041,90084],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90042,90043,90045,90047,90049,90051,90053,90055,90057,90059,90061,90063,90065,90067,90069,90071,90074,90076,90078,90080,90082],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90044,172],{"class":128},[69,90046,132],{"class":83},[69,90048,871],{"class":699},[69,90050,13785],{"class":703},[69,90052,871],{"class":699},[69,90054,91],{"class":83},[69,90056,881],{"class":699},[69,90058,18145],{"class":703},[69,90060,871],{"class":699},[69,90062,91],{"class":83},[69,90064,881],{"class":699},[69,90066,13802],{"class":703},[69,90068,871],{"class":699},[69,90070,91],{"class":83},[69,90072,90073],{"class":9862}," sep",[69,90075,80],{"class":79},[69,90077,871],{"class":699},[69,90079,91],{"class":703},[69,90081,871],{"class":699},[69,90083,166],{"class":83},[69,90085,90086,90088,90090,90092,90094,90096,90098,90100,90102,90104,90106,90108,90110,90112,90114,90116,90118,90120,90123,90125],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,90087,172],{"class":128},[69,90089,132],{"class":83},[69,90091,871],{"class":699},[69,90093,13785],{"class":703},[69,90095,871],{"class":699},[69,90097,91],{"class":83},[69,90099,881],{"class":699},[69,90101,18145],{"class":703},[69,90103,871],{"class":699},[69,90105,91],{"class":83},[69,90107,881],{"class":699},[69,90109,13802],{"class":703},[69,90111,871],{"class":699},[69,90113,91],{"class":83},[69,90115,90073],{"class":9862},[69,90117,80],{"class":79},[69,90119,871],{"class":699},[69,90121,90122],{"class":703}," - ",[69,90124,871],{"class":699},[69,90126,166],{"class":83},[20,90128,321],{},[60,90130,90132],{"className":62,"code":90131,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,90133,90134,90146],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90135,90136,90138,90140,90142,90144],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90137,13785],{"class":75},[69,90139,91],{"class":83},[69,90141,18145],{"class":75},[69,90143,91],{"class":83},[69,90145,70459],{"class":75},[69,90147,90148,90151,90153,90156,90158],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,90149,90150],{"class":75},"red ",[69,90152,1972],{"class":79},[69,90154,90155],{"class":75}," green ",[69,90157,1972],{"class":79},[69,90159,36570],{"class":75},[20,90161,90162,90164],{},[15,90163,89944],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,90166,90167,90168,537],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[533,90169,90171],{"href":90170},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[55,90173,90175,37306],{"id":90174},"end-argument",[15,90176,53135],{},[20,90178,90179,90180,90182,90183,90185],{},"By default, ",[15,90181,46924],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,90184,46924],{}," starts on a new line.",[377,90187,89985],{"id":90188},"default-behavior-1",[60,90190,90192],{"className":62,"code":90191,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90193,90194,90208],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90195,90196,90198,90200,90202,90204,90206],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90197,172],{"class":128},[69,90199,132],{"class":83},[69,90201,871],{"class":699},[69,90203,35555],{"class":703},[69,90205,871],{"class":699},[69,90207,166],{"class":83},[69,90209,90210,90212,90214,90216,90219,90221],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,90211,172],{"class":128},[69,90213,132],{"class":83},[69,90215,871],{"class":699},[69,90217,90218],{"class":703},"World",[69,90220,871],{"class":699},[69,90222,166],{"class":83},[20,90224,321],{},[60,90226,90228],{"className":62,"code":90227,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,90229,90230,90234],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90231,90232],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90233,89427],{"class":75},[69,90235,90236],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,90237,90238],{"class":75},"World\n",[377,90240,90242],{"id":90241},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[60,90244,90246],{"className":62,"code":90245,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90247,90248,90270],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90249,90250,90252,90254,90256,90258,90260,90262,90264,90266,90268],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90251,172],{"class":128},[69,90253,132],{"class":83},[69,90255,871],{"class":699},[69,90257,35555],{"class":703},[69,90259,871],{"class":699},[69,90261,91],{"class":83},[69,90263,65518],{"class":9862},[69,90265,80],{"class":79},[69,90267,6967],{"class":699},[69,90269,166],{"class":83},[69,90271,90272,90274,90276,90278,90280,90282],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,90273,172],{"class":128},[69,90275,132],{"class":83},[69,90277,871],{"class":699},[69,90279,90218],{"class":703},[69,90281,871],{"class":699},[69,90283,166],{"class":83},[20,90285,321],{},[60,90287,90289],{"className":62,"code":90288,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"HelloWorld\n",[15,90290,90291],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90292,90293],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90294,90288],{"class":75},[377,90296,90298],{"id":90297},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[60,90300,90302],{"className":62,"code":90301,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90303,90304,90333],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90305,90306,90308,90310,90312,90314,90316,90318,90320,90322,90324,90327,90329,90331],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90307,172],{"class":128},[69,90309,132],{"class":83},[69,90311,871],{"class":699},[69,90313,35555],{"class":703},[69,90315,871],{"class":699},[69,90317,91],{"class":83},[69,90319,65518],{"class":9862},[69,90321,80],{"class":79},[69,90323,871],{"class":699},[69,90325,90326],{"class":703},"!",[69,90328,87631],{"class":685},[69,90330,871],{"class":699},[69,90332,166],{"class":83},[69,90334,90335,90337,90339,90341,90343,90345],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,90336,172],{"class":128},[69,90338,132],{"class":83},[69,90340,871],{"class":699},[69,90342,90218],{"class":703},[69,90344,871],{"class":699},[69,90346,166],{"class":83},[20,90348,321],{},[60,90350,90352],{"className":62,"code":90351,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,90353,90354,90359],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90355,90356],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90357,90358],{"class":75},"Hello!\n",[69,90360,90361],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,90362,90238],{"class":75},[20,90364,2714,90365,90367],{},[15,90366,53135],{}," argument is useful for:",[29,90369,90370,90373,90376],{},[32,90371,90372],{},"progress messages",[32,90374,90375],{},"inline output",[32,90377,90378],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[55,90380,90382,1172,90384],{"id":90381},"print-returns-none",[15,90383,46924],{},[15,90385,1181],{},[20,90387,90388,90389,90391],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,90390,46924],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,90393,234],{},[60,90395,90397],{"className":62,"code":90396,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,90398,90399,90419],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90400,90401,90403,90405,90408,90410,90412,90415,90417],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90402,123],{"class":75},[69,90404,80],{"class":79},[69,90406,90407],{"class":128}," print",[69,90409,132],{"class":83},[69,90411,871],{"class":699},[69,90413,90414],{"class":703},"Hi",[69,90416,871],{"class":699},[69,90418,166],{"class":83},[69,90420,90421,90423,90425,90427],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,90422,172],{"class":128},[69,90424,132],{"class":83},[69,90426,183],{"class":146},[69,90428,166],{"class":83},[20,90430,321],{},[60,90432,90434],{"className":62,"code":90433,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,90435,90436,90441],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90437,90438],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90439,90440],{"class":75},"Hi\n",[69,90442,90443],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,90444,12499],{"class":1203},[20,90446,90447],{},"Why does this happen?",[29,90449,90450,90458,90463],{},[32,90451,90452,90455,90456],{},[15,90453,90454],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,90457,90414],{},[32,90459,90460,90461],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,90462,1181],{},[32,90464,90465,90466,12611,90468],{},"so ",[15,90467,183],{},[15,90469,1181],{},[20,90471,90472,90473,90475],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,90474,46924],{}," call.",[60,90477,90479],{"className":62,"code":90478,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,90480,90481,90494],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90482,90483,90486,90488,90490,90492],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90484,90485],{"class":75},"message ",[69,90487,80],{"class":79},[69,90489,881],{"class":699},[69,90491,90414],{"class":703},[69,90493,4079],{"class":699},[69,90495,90496,90498,90500,90503],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,90497,172],{"class":128},[69,90499,132],{"class":83},[69,90501,90502],{"class":146},"message",[69,90504,166],{"class":83},[20,90506,90507,90508,90510,90511,90515],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,90509,46924],{}," with functions like ",[533,90512,90513],{"href":8906},[15,90514,3682],{},", which do return a value.",[55,90517,90519,90520],{"id":90518},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,90521,46924],{},[20,90523,90524,90525,90527],{},"Beginners use ",[15,90526,46924],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[29,90529,90530,90533,90536,90539],{},[32,90531,90532],{},"to display results to the user",[32,90534,90535],{},"to show messages in a script",[32,90537,90538],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[32,90540,90541],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,90543,234],{},[60,90545,90547],{"className":62,"code":90546,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90548,90549,90557,90561,90581,90592],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90550,90551,90553,90555],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90552,41652],{"class":75},[69,90554,80],{"class":79},[69,90556,1066],{"class":87},[69,90558,90559],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,90560,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,90562,90563,90565,90567,90569,90571,90573,90575,90577,90579],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,90564,1514],{"class":1053},[69,90566,1057],{"class":75},[69,90568,1574],{"class":1053},[69,90570,54545],{"class":128},[69,90572,132],{"class":83},[69,90574,88],{"class":87},[69,90576,91],{"class":83},[69,90578,104],{"class":87},[69,90580,1048],{"class":83},[69,90582,90583,90586,90589],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,90584,90585],{"class":75},"    total ",[69,90587,90588],{"class":79},"+=",[69,90590,90591],{"class":75}," number\n",[69,90593,90594,90596,90598,90600,90603,90605,90607,90609,90611,90613,90615,90617,90619,90621],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,90595,8756],{"class":128},[69,90597,132],{"class":83},[69,90599,871],{"class":699},[69,90601,90602],{"class":703},"Current number:",[69,90604,871],{"class":699},[69,90606,91],{"class":83},[69,90608,2928],{"class":146},[69,90610,91],{"class":83},[69,90612,881],{"class":699},[69,90614,46035],{"class":703},[69,90616,871],{"class":699},[69,90618,91],{"class":83},[69,90620,46042],{"class":146},[69,90622,166],{"class":83},[20,90624,321],{},[60,90626,90628],{"className":62,"code":90627,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90629,90630,90646,90660],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90631,90632,90635,90637,90639,90642,90644],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90633,90634],{"class":75},"Current number",[69,90636,143],{"class":83},[69,90638,1263],{"class":87},[69,90640,90641],{"class":75}," Total",[69,90643,143],{"class":83},[69,90645,30303],{"class":87},[69,90647,90648,90650,90652,90654,90656,90658],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,90649,90634],{"class":75},[69,90651,143],{"class":83},[69,90653,94],{"class":87},[69,90655,90641],{"class":75},[69,90657,143],{"class":83},[69,90659,3303],{"class":87},[69,90661,90662,90664,90666,90668,90670,90672],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,90663,90634],{"class":75},[69,90665,143],{"class":83},[69,90667,99],{"class":87},[69,90669,90641],{"class":75},[69,90671,143],{"class":83},[69,90673,90674],{"class":87}," 6\n",[20,90676,90677,90678,537],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[533,90679,90681],{"href":90680},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[55,90683,1771],{"id":1770},[20,90685,90686,90687,537],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90688,46924],{},[377,90690,90692],{"id":90691},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90694,90695],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[60,90697,90699],{"className":62,"code":90698,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90700,90701],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90702,90703,90705,90707,90709],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90704,172],{"class":128},[69,90706,132],{"class":83},[69,90708,35555],{"class":146},[69,90710,166],{"class":83},[20,90712,9561,90713,90715],{},[15,90714,35555],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90717,11495],{},[60,90719,90721],{"className":62,"code":90720,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90722,90723],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90724,90725,90727,90729,90731,90733,90735],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90726,172],{"class":128},[69,90728,132],{"class":83},[69,90730,871],{"class":699},[69,90732,35555],{"class":703},[69,90734,871],{"class":699},[69,90736,166],{"class":83},[377,90738,840,90740,90742],{"id":90739},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90741,172],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90744,90745],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[60,90747,90749],{"className":62,"code":90748,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90750,90751],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90752,90753,90755,90757,90759],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90754,172],{"class":128},[69,90756,881],{"class":699},[69,90758,35555],{"class":703},[69,90760,4079],{"class":699},[20,90762,11495],{},[60,90764,90765],{"className":62,"code":90720,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,90766,90767],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90768,90769,90771,90773,90775,90777,90779],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90770,172],{"class":128},[69,90772,132],{"class":83},[69,90774,871],{"class":699},[69,90776,35555],{"class":703},[69,90778,871],{"class":699},[69,90780,166],{"class":83},[377,90782,90784,90785],{"id":90783},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90786,2792],{},[20,90788,90789,90790,537],{},"This causes a ",[15,90791,3728],{},[60,90793,90794],{"className":62,"code":89882,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,90795,90796,90804],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90797,90798,90800,90802],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90799,22318],{"class":75},[69,90801,80],{"class":79},[69,90803,3313],{"class":87},[69,90805,90806,90808,90810,90812,90814,90816,90818,90820],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,90807,172],{"class":128},[69,90809,132],{"class":83},[69,90811,871],{"class":699},[69,90813,89903],{"class":703},[69,90815,871],{"class":699},[69,90817,3180],{"class":79},[69,90819,9875],{"class":146},[69,90821,166],{"class":83},[20,90823,90824],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[60,90826,90828],{"className":62,"code":90827,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90829,90830],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90831,90832,90834,90836,90838,90840,90842,90844,90846],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90833,172],{"class":128},[69,90835,132],{"class":83},[69,90837,871],{"class":699},[69,90839,89804],{"class":703},[69,90841,871],{"class":699},[69,90843,91],{"class":83},[69,90845,9875],{"class":146},[69,90847,166],{"class":83},[20,90849,90850],{},"Or convert the number first:",[60,90852,90854],{"className":62,"code":90853,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90855,90856],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90857,90858,90860,90862,90864,90866,90868,90870,90872,90874,90876],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90859,172],{"class":128},[69,90861,132],{"class":83},[69,90863,871],{"class":699},[69,90865,89903],{"class":703},[69,90867,871],{"class":699},[69,90869,3180],{"class":79},[69,90871,49377],{"class":177},[69,90873,132],{"class":83},[69,90875,9985],{"class":146},[69,90877,318],{"class":83},[20,90879,90880,90881,537],{},"If you see this error, read ",[533,90882,90884],{"href":90883},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[377,90886,1780,90888,90890],{"id":90887},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90889,46924],{}," to return a value",[20,90892,90893,90894,36018,90897,143],{},"This does not store ",[15,90895,90896],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90898,183],{},[60,90900,90902],{"className":62,"code":90901,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90903,90904],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90905,90906,90908,90910,90912,90914,90916,90918,90920],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90907,123],{"class":75},[69,90909,80],{"class":79},[69,90911,90407],{"class":128},[69,90913,132],{"class":83},[69,90915,871],{"class":699},[69,90917,35555],{"class":703},[69,90919,871],{"class":699},[69,90921,166],{"class":83},[20,90923,90924,90925,537],{},"It stores ",[15,90926,1181],{},[377,90928,90930,90931,5096,90933],{"id":90929},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90932,89944],{},[15,90934,53135],{},[20,90936,86290],{},[29,90938,90939,90948],{},[32,90940,90941,90943,90944,90947],{},[15,90942,89944],{}," changes what goes ",[42,90945,90946],{},"between"," multiple values",[32,90949,90950,90952,90953,90956],{},[15,90951,53135],{}," changes what appears ",[42,90954,90955],{},"after"," the output",[55,90958,90960],{"id":90959},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90962,90963,90964,90966],{},"These simple ",[15,90965,46924],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[60,90968,90970],{"className":62,"code":90969,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90971,90972,90992,91007],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,90973,90974,90976,90978,90980,90983,90985,90987,90990],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,90975,172],{"class":128},[69,90977,132],{"class":83},[69,90979,871],{"class":699},[69,90981,90982],{"class":703},"Debug:",[69,90984,871],{"class":699},[69,90986,91],{"class":83},[69,90988,90989],{"class":146}," variable_name",[69,90991,166],{"class":83},[69,90993,90994,90996,90998,91000,91002,91005],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,90995,172],{"class":128},[69,90997,132],{"class":83},[69,90999,641],{"class":177},[69,91001,132],{"class":83},[69,91003,91004],{"class":146},"variable_name",[69,91006,318],{"class":83},[69,91008,91009,91011,91013,91015],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,91010,32842],{"class":128},[69,91012,132],{"class":83},[69,91014,172],{"class":128},[69,91016,166],{"class":83},[20,91018,91019],{},"What they do:",[29,91021,91022,91028,91034],{},[32,91023,91024,91027],{},[15,91025,91026],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[32,91029,91030,91033],{},[15,91031,91032],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[32,91035,91036,91039,91040],{},[15,91037,91038],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,91041,46924],{},[55,91043,2519],{"id":2518},[377,91045,2523,91047,91049],{"id":91046},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,91048,46924],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,91051,91052,91053,91055,91056,37312],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,91054,46924],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,91057,53135],{},[377,91059,5871,91061,91063],{"id":91060},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,91062,46924],{}," show more than one value?",[20,91065,91066,91067,91069],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,91068,46924],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[377,91071,5859,91073,5862,91076,3218],{"id":91072},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,91074,91075],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,91077,1181],{},[20,91079,29749,91080,91082],{},[15,91081,46924],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[377,91084,91086],{"id":91085},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,91088,91089],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[60,91091,91093],{"className":62,"code":91092,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,91094,91095],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91096,91097,91099,91101,91103,91105,91107,91109,91111],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91098,172],{"class":128},[69,91100,132],{"class":83},[69,91102,871],{"class":699},[69,91104,89804],{"class":703},[69,91106,871],{"class":699},[69,91108,91],{"class":83},[69,91110,6701],{"class":87},[69,91112,166],{"class":83},[20,91114,91115,91116,2532],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,91117,48156],{},[377,91119,5881,91121,5096,91123,3218],{"id":91120},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,91122,89944],{},[15,91124,53135],{},[29,91126,91127,91132],{},[32,91128,91129,91131],{},[15,91130,89944],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[32,91133,91134,91136],{},[15,91135,53135],{}," changes what appears after the output",[55,91138,2620],{"id":2619},[29,91140,91141,91145,91151,91157,91162,91167],{},[32,91142,91143],{},[533,91144,51450],{"href":51449},[32,91146,91147],{},[533,91148,13,91149,2515],{"href":8906},[15,91150,3682],{},[32,91152,91153],{},[533,91154,13,91155,2515],{"href":42645},[15,91156,48156],{},[32,91158,91159],{},[533,91160,91161],{"href":90170},"How to format strings in Python",[32,91163,91164],{},[533,91165,91166],{"href":90680},"How to debug Python code",[32,91168,91169],{},[533,91170,90884],{"href":90883},[2650,91172,91173],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":91175},[91176,91177,91179,91180,91186,91187,91188,91193,91199,91201,91203,91214,91215,91226],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":89348,"depth":120,"text":91178},"What print() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":89584,"depth":120,"text":89585,"children":91181},[91182,91183,91184,91185],{"id":89593,"depth":169,"text":89594},{"id":89634,"depth":169,"text":89635},{"id":89666,"depth":169,"text":89667},{"id":89693,"depth":169,"text":89694},{"id":89735,"depth":120,"text":89736},{"id":89931,"depth":120,"text":89932},{"id":89971,"depth":120,"text":91189,"children":91190},"sep argument",[91191,91192],{"id":89984,"depth":169,"text":89985},{"id":90034,"depth":169,"text":90035},{"id":90174,"depth":120,"text":91194,"children":91195},"end argument",[91196,91197,91198],{"id":90188,"depth":169,"text":89985},{"id":90241,"depth":169,"text":90242},{"id":90297,"depth":169,"text":90298},{"id":90381,"depth":120,"text":91200},"print() returns None",{"id":90518,"depth":120,"text":91202},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771,"children":91204},[91205,91206,91208,91210,91212],{"id":90691,"depth":169,"text":90692},{"id":90739,"depth":169,"text":91207},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90783,"depth":169,"text":91209},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90887,"depth":169,"text":91211},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90929,"depth":169,"text":91213},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90959,"depth":120,"text":90960},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":91216},[91217,91219,91221,91223,91224],{"id":91046,"depth":169,"text":91218},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":91060,"depth":169,"text":91220},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":91072,"depth":169,"text":91222},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":91085,"depth":169,"text":91086},{"id":91120,"depth":169,"text":91225},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":89231,"description":91227},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":91234,"title":91235,"body":91236,"description":93540,"extension":2697,"meta":93541,"navigation":272,"path":93542,"seo":93543,"stem":93544,"__hash__":93545},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":91237,"toc":93486},[91238,91243,91248,91261,91263,91328,91339,91344,91349,91351,91374,91377,91408,91410,91427,91432,91438,91443,91492,91495,91512,91518,91523,91546,91548,91576,91582,91590,91617,91619,91644,91650,91653,91684,91686,91715,91719,91722,91727,91749,91751,91779,91785,91791,91817,91819,91843,91849,91855,91885,91887,91915,91925,91929,91935,91968,91970,91999,92002,92005,92038,92040,92048,92054,92056,92079,92084,92093,92098,92112,92114,92154,92156,92186,92190,92225,92231,92235,92279,92281,92311,92317,92320,92399,92401,92423,92431,92434,92497,92505,92580,92586,92593,92598,92603,92626,92628,92649,92651,92664,92666,92713,92715,92754,92763,92765,92769,92773,92776,92803,92806,92835,92838,92862,92865,92873,92879,92901,92903,92931,92935,92940,92995,93000,93002,93059,93066,93075,93078,93110,93112,93120,93123,93129,93131,93154,93157,93163,93166,93185,93187,93206,93209,93231,93233,93261,93265,93269,93374,93376,93389,93391,93397,93400,93408,93413,93419,93425,93430,93438,93444,93451,93453,93483],[10,91239,13,91241,18],{"id":91240},"python-range-function-explained",[15,91242,36888],{},[20,91244,33007,91245,91247],{},[15,91246,36888],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,91249,91250,91251,91253,91254,91256,91257,91260],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,91252,1514],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,91255,36888],{}," stops ",[42,91258,91259],{},"before"," the end value.",[55,91262,58],{"id":57},[60,91264,91266],{"className":62,"code":91265,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,91267,91268,91284,91294,91298,91303,91308,91313,91318,91323],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91269,91270,91272,91274,91276,91278,91280,91282],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91271,1514],{"class":1053},[69,91273,70026],{"class":75},[69,91275,1574],{"class":1053},[69,91277,54545],{"class":128},[69,91279,132],{"class":83},[69,91281,2866],{"class":87},[69,91283,1048],{"class":83},[69,91285,91286,91288,91290,91292],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,91287,8756],{"class":128},[69,91289,132],{"class":83},[69,91291,36844],{"class":146},[69,91293,166],{"class":83},[69,91295,91296],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,91297,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,91299,91300],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,91301,91302],{"class":189},"# Output:\n",[69,91304,91305],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,91306,91307],{"class":189},"# 0\n",[69,91309,91310],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,91311,91312],{"class":189},"# 1\n",[69,91314,91315],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,91316,91317],{"class":189},"# 2\n",[69,91319,91320],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,91321,91322],{"class":189},"# 3\n",[69,91324,91325],{"class":71,"line":7120},[69,91326,91327],{"class":189},"# 4\n",[20,91329,91330,91333,91334,91336,91337,537],{},[15,91331,91332],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,91335,1226],{}," and stopping before ",[15,91338,2866],{},[55,91340,202,91342,205],{"id":91341},"what-range-does",[15,91343,36888],{},[20,91345,91346,91348],{},[15,91347,36888],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,91350,13744],{},[29,91352,91353,91358,91364,91369],{},[32,91354,91355,91357],{},[15,91356,36888],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[32,91359,91360,91361,91363],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,91362,1514],{}," loops",[32,91365,91366,91367],{},"The stop value is ",[42,91368,65547],{},[32,91370,18111,91371,91373],{},[15,91372,60475],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,91375,91376],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[60,91378,91380],{"className":62,"code":91379,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,91381,91382,91398],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91383,91384,91386,91388,91390,91392,91394,91396],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91385,1514],{"class":1053},[69,91387,1057],{"class":75},[69,91389,1574],{"class":1053},[69,91391,54545],{"class":128},[69,91393,132],{"class":83},[69,91395,346],{"class":87},[69,91397,1048],{"class":83},[69,91399,91400,91402,91404,91406],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,91401,8756],{"class":128},[69,91403,132],{"class":83},[69,91405,1045],{"class":146},[69,91407,166],{"class":83},[20,91409,321],{},[60,91411,91413],{"className":62,"code":91412,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,91414,91415,91419,91423],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91416,91417],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91418,47724],{"class":87},[69,91420,91421],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,91422,47389],{"class":87},[69,91424,91425],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,91426,17746],{"class":87},[20,91428,91429,91430,537],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[533,91431,36718],{"href":36717},[55,91433,91435,91437],{"id":91434},"range-syntax",[15,91436,36888],{}," syntax",[20,91439,91440,91442],{},[15,91441,36888],{}," has three common forms:",[60,91444,91446],{"className":62,"code":91445,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,91447,91448,91458,91473],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91449,91450,91452,91454,91456],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91451,60475],{"class":128},[69,91453,132],{"class":83},[69,91455,75904],{"class":146},[69,91457,166],{"class":83},[69,91459,91460,91462,91464,91466,91468,91471],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,91461,60475],{"class":128},[69,91463,132],{"class":83},[69,91465,36762],{"class":146},[69,91467,91],{"class":83},[69,91469,91470],{"class":146}," stop",[69,91472,166],{"class":83},[69,91474,91475,91477,91479,91481,91483,91485,91487,91490],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,91476,60475],{"class":128},[69,91478,132],{"class":83},[69,91480,36762],{"class":146},[69,91482,91],{"class":83},[69,91484,91470],{"class":146},[69,91486,91],{"class":83},[69,91488,91489],{"class":146}," step",[69,91491,166],{"class":83},[20,91493,91494],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[29,91496,91497,91502,91507],{},[32,91498,91499,91501],{},[15,91500,36762],{}," = first number",[32,91503,91504,91506],{},[15,91505,75904],{}," = end limit, not included",[32,91508,91509,91511],{},[15,91510,75907],{}," = amount to move each time",[377,91513,91515],{"id":91514},"rangestop",[15,91516,91517],{},"range(stop)",[20,91519,91520,91521,537],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,91522,1226],{},[60,91524,91526],{"className":62,"code":91525,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,91527,91528],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91529,91530,91532,91534,91536,91538,91540,91542,91544],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91531,172],{"class":128},[69,91533,132],{"class":83},[69,91535,178],{"class":177},[69,91537,132],{"class":83},[69,91539,60475],{"class":128},[69,91541,132],{"class":83},[69,91543,2866],{"class":87},[69,91545,2019],{"class":83},[20,91547,321],{},[60,91549,91550],{"className":62,"code":60498,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,91551,91552],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91553,91554,91556,91558,91560,91562,91564,91566,91568,91570,91572,91574],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91555,331],{"class":83},[69,91557,1226],{"class":87},[69,91559,91],{"class":83},[69,91561,1263],{"class":87},[69,91563,91],{"class":83},[69,91565,94],{"class":87},[69,91567,91],{"class":83},[69,91569,99],{"class":87},[69,91571,91],{"class":83},[69,91573,104],{"class":87},[69,91575,117],{"class":83},[377,91577,91579],{"id":91578},"rangestart-stop",[15,91580,91581],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91583,91584,91585,91587,91588,537],{},"This starts at ",[15,91586,36762],{}," and stops before ",[15,91589,75904],{},[60,91591,91593],{"className":62,"code":91592,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91594,91595],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91596,91597,91599,91601,91603,91605,91607,91609,91611,91613,91615],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91598,172],{"class":128},[69,91600,132],{"class":83},[69,91602,178],{"class":177},[69,91604,132],{"class":83},[69,91606,60475],{"class":128},[69,91608,132],{"class":83},[69,91610,1155],{"class":87},[69,91612,91],{"class":83},[69,91614,114],{"class":87},[69,91616,2019],{"class":83},[20,91618,321],{},[60,91620,91622],{"className":62,"code":91621,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91623,91624],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91625,91626,91628,91630,91632,91634,91636,91638,91640,91642],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91627,331],{"class":83},[69,91629,1155],{"class":87},[69,91631,91],{"class":83},[69,91633,99],{"class":87},[69,91635,91],{"class":83},[69,91637,104],{"class":87},[69,91639,91],{"class":83},[69,91641,109],{"class":87},[69,91643,117],{"class":83},[377,91645,91647],{"id":91646},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91648,91649],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91651,91652],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[60,91654,91656],{"className":62,"code":91655,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91657,91658],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91659,91660,91662,91664,91666,91668,91670,91672,91674,91676,91678,91680,91682],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91661,172],{"class":128},[69,91663,132],{"class":83},[69,91665,178],{"class":177},[69,91667,132],{"class":83},[69,91669,60475],{"class":128},[69,91671,132],{"class":83},[69,91673,88],{"class":87},[69,91675,91],{"class":83},[69,91677,6701],{"class":87},[69,91679,91],{"class":83},[69,91681,94],{"class":87},[69,91683,2019],{"class":83},[20,91685,321],{},[60,91687,91689],{"className":62,"code":91688,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91690,91691],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91692,91693,91695,91697,91699,91701,91703,91705,91707,91709,91711,91713],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91694,331],{"class":83},[69,91696,88],{"class":87},[69,91698,91],{"class":83},[69,91700,99],{"class":87},[69,91702,91],{"class":83},[69,91704,109],{"class":87},[69,91706,91],{"class":83},[69,91708,6690],{"class":87},[69,91710,91],{"class":83},[69,91712,54611],{"class":87},[69,91714,117],{"class":83},[55,91716,91718],{"id":91717},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91720,91721],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[377,91723,91725],{"id":91724},"range5",[15,91726,91332],{},[60,91728,91729],{"className":62,"code":91525,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,91730,91731],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91732,91733,91735,91737,91739,91741,91743,91745,91747],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91734,172],{"class":128},[69,91736,132],{"class":83},[69,91738,178],{"class":177},[69,91740,132],{"class":83},[69,91742,60475],{"class":128},[69,91744,132],{"class":83},[69,91746,2866],{"class":87},[69,91748,2019],{"class":83},[20,91750,321],{},[60,91752,91753],{"className":62,"code":60498,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,91754,91755],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91756,91757,91759,91761,91763,91765,91767,91769,91771,91773,91775,91777],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91758,331],{"class":83},[69,91760,1226],{"class":87},[69,91762,91],{"class":83},[69,91764,1263],{"class":87},[69,91766,91],{"class":83},[69,91768,94],{"class":87},[69,91770,91],{"class":83},[69,91772,99],{"class":87},[69,91774,91],{"class":83},[69,91776,104],{"class":87},[69,91778,117],{"class":83},[20,91780,91584,91781,91587,91783,537],{},[15,91782,1226],{},[15,91784,2866],{},[377,91786,91788],{"id":91787},"range2-6",[15,91789,91790],{},"range(2, 6)",[60,91792,91793],{"className":62,"code":91592,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,91794,91795],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91796,91797,91799,91801,91803,91805,91807,91809,91811,91813,91815],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91798,172],{"class":128},[69,91800,132],{"class":83},[69,91802,178],{"class":177},[69,91804,132],{"class":83},[69,91806,60475],{"class":128},[69,91808,132],{"class":83},[69,91810,1155],{"class":87},[69,91812,91],{"class":83},[69,91814,114],{"class":87},[69,91816,2019],{"class":83},[20,91818,321],{},[60,91820,91821],{"className":62,"code":91621,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,91822,91823],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91824,91825,91827,91829,91831,91833,91835,91837,91839,91841],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91826,331],{"class":83},[69,91828,1155],{"class":87},[69,91830,91],{"class":83},[69,91832,99],{"class":87},[69,91834,91],{"class":83},[69,91836,104],{"class":87},[69,91838,91],{"class":83},[69,91840,109],{"class":87},[69,91842,117],{"class":83},[20,91844,91584,91845,91587,91847,537],{},[15,91846,1155],{},[15,91848,81072],{},[377,91850,91852],{"id":91851},"range1-10-2",[15,91853,91854],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[60,91856,91857],{"className":62,"code":91655,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,91858,91859],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91860,91861,91863,91865,91867,91869,91871,91873,91875,91877,91879,91881,91883],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91862,172],{"class":128},[69,91864,132],{"class":83},[69,91866,178],{"class":177},[69,91868,132],{"class":83},[69,91870,60475],{"class":128},[69,91872,132],{"class":83},[69,91874,88],{"class":87},[69,91876,91],{"class":83},[69,91878,6701],{"class":87},[69,91880,91],{"class":83},[69,91882,94],{"class":87},[69,91884,2019],{"class":83},[20,91886,321],{},[60,91888,91889],{"className":62,"code":91688,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,91890,91891],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91892,91893,91895,91897,91899,91901,91903,91905,91907,91909,91911,91913],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91894,331],{"class":83},[69,91896,88],{"class":87},[69,91898,91],{"class":83},[69,91900,99],{"class":87},[69,91902,91],{"class":83},[69,91904,109],{"class":87},[69,91906,91],{"class":83},[69,91908,6690],{"class":87},[69,91910,91],{"class":83},[69,91912,54611],{"class":87},[69,91914,117],{"class":83},[20,91916,91917,91918,91920,91921,61778,91923,537],{},"This moves by ",[15,91919,1155],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91922,88],{},[15,91924,2874],{},[377,91926,91928],{"id":91927},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91930,91931,91932,91934],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91933,36888],{}," count backward.",[60,91936,91938],{"className":62,"code":91937,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91939,91940],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91941,91942,91944,91946,91948,91950,91952,91954,91956,91958,91960,91962,91964,91966],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91943,172],{"class":128},[69,91945,132],{"class":83},[69,91947,178],{"class":177},[69,91949,132],{"class":83},[69,91951,60475],{"class":128},[69,91953,132],{"class":83},[69,91955,2866],{"class":87},[69,91957,91],{"class":83},[69,91959,158],{"class":87},[69,91961,91],{"class":83},[69,91963,1979],{"class":79},[69,91965,88],{"class":87},[69,91967,2019],{"class":83},[20,91969,321],{},[60,91971,91973],{"className":62,"code":91972,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91974,91975],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,91976,91977,91979,91981,91983,91985,91987,91989,91991,91993,91995,91997],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,91978,331],{"class":83},[69,91980,2866],{"class":87},[69,91982,91],{"class":83},[69,91984,104],{"class":87},[69,91986,91],{"class":83},[69,91988,99],{"class":87},[69,91990,91],{"class":83},[69,91992,94],{"class":87},[69,91994,91],{"class":83},[69,91996,1263],{"class":87},[69,91998,117],{"class":83},[20,92000,92001],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,92003,92004],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[60,92006,92008],{"className":62,"code":92007,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,92009,92010],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92011,92012,92014,92016,92018,92020,92022,92024,92026,92028,92030,92032,92034,92036],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92013,172],{"class":128},[69,92015,132],{"class":83},[69,92017,178],{"class":177},[69,92019,132],{"class":83},[69,92021,60475],{"class":128},[69,92023,132],{"class":83},[69,92025,88],{"class":87},[69,92027,91],{"class":83},[69,92029,109],{"class":87},[69,92031,91],{"class":83},[69,92033,1979],{"class":79},[69,92035,88],{"class":87},[69,92037,2019],{"class":83},[20,92039,321],{},[60,92041,92042],{"className":62,"code":833,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,92043,92044],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92045,92046],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92047,833],{"class":83},[377,92049,92050,77067,92052],{"id":77291},[15,92051,75907],{},[15,92053,1226],{},[20,92055,3562],{},[60,92057,92059],{"className":62,"code":92058,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,92060,92061],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92062,92063,92065,92067,92069,92071,92073,92075,92077],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92064,60475],{"class":128},[69,92066,132],{"class":83},[69,92068,88],{"class":87},[69,92070,91],{"class":83},[69,92072,109],{"class":87},[69,92074,91],{"class":83},[69,92076,158],{"class":87},[69,92078,166],{"class":83},[20,92080,77336,92081,92083],{},[15,92082,41173],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[55,92085,840,92087,92089,92090,92092],{"id":92086},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,92088,36888],{}," in a ",[15,92091,1514],{}," loop",[20,92094,92095,92097],{},[15,92096,36888],{}," is most useful when:",[29,92099,92100,92103,92106],{},[32,92101,92102],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[32,92104,92105],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[32,92107,92108,92109],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,92110,92111],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,92113,234],{},[60,92115,92117],{"className":62,"code":92116,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,92118,92119,92135],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92120,92121,92123,92125,92127,92129,92131,92133],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92122,1514],{"class":1053},[69,92124,70026],{"class":75},[69,92126,1574],{"class":1053},[69,92128,54545],{"class":128},[69,92130,132],{"class":83},[69,92132,346],{"class":87},[69,92134,1048],{"class":83},[69,92136,92137,92139,92141,92143,92146,92148,92150,92152],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,92138,8756],{"class":128},[69,92140,132],{"class":83},[69,92142,871],{"class":699},[69,92144,92145],{"class":703},"Loop number:",[69,92147,871],{"class":699},[69,92149,91],{"class":83},[69,92151,36819],{"class":146},[69,92153,166],{"class":83},[20,92155,321],{},[60,92157,92159],{"className":62,"code":92158,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,92160,92161,92170,92178],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92162,92163,92166,92168],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92164,92165],{"class":75},"Loop number",[69,92167,143],{"class":83},[69,92169,1066],{"class":87},[69,92171,92172,92174,92176],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,92173,92165],{"class":75},[69,92175,143],{"class":83},[69,92177,30303],{"class":87},[69,92179,92180,92182,92184],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,92181,92165],{"class":75},[69,92183,143],{"class":83},[69,92185,46061],{"class":87},[377,92187,92189],{"id":92188},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[60,92191,92193],{"className":62,"code":92192,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,92194,92195,92211],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92196,92197,92199,92201,92203,92205,92207,92209],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92198,1514],{"class":1053},[69,92200,70026],{"class":75},[69,92202,1574],{"class":1053},[69,92204,54545],{"class":128},[69,92206,132],{"class":83},[69,92208,2866],{"class":87},[69,92210,1048],{"class":83},[69,92212,92213,92215,92217,92219,92221,92223],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,92214,8756],{"class":128},[69,92216,132],{"class":83},[69,92218,871],{"class":699},[69,92220,35555],{"class":703},[69,92222,871],{"class":699},[69,92224,166],{"class":83},[20,92226,92227,92228,92230],{},"This prints ",[15,92229,90896],{}," five times.",[377,92232,92234],{"id":92233},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[60,92236,92238],{"className":62,"code":92237,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,92239,92240,92260],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92241,92242,92244,92246,92248,92250,92252,92254,92256,92258],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92243,1514],{"class":1053},[69,92245,70026],{"class":75},[69,92247,1574],{"class":1053},[69,92249,54545],{"class":128},[69,92251,132],{"class":83},[69,92253,88],{"class":87},[69,92255,91],{"class":83},[69,92257,104],{"class":87},[69,92259,1048],{"class":83},[69,92261,92262,92264,92266,92268,92271,92273,92275,92277],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,92263,8756],{"class":128},[69,92265,132],{"class":83},[69,92267,871],{"class":699},[69,92269,92270],{"class":703},"Current number is",[69,92272,871],{"class":699},[69,92274,91],{"class":83},[69,92276,36819],{"class":146},[69,92278,166],{"class":83},[20,92280,321],{},[60,92282,92284],{"className":62,"code":92283,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,92285,92286,92295,92303],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92287,92288,92291,92293],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92289,92290],{"class":75},"Current number ",[69,92292,12885],{"class":79},[69,92294,30303],{"class":87},[69,92296,92297,92299,92301],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,92298,92290],{"class":75},[69,92300,12885],{"class":79},[69,92302,46061],{"class":87},[69,92304,92305,92307,92309],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,92306,92290],{"class":75},[69,92308,12885],{"class":79},[69,92310,3303],{"class":87},[377,92312,92314,92316],{"id":92313},"range-and-indexing",[15,92315,36888],{}," and indexing",[20,92318,92319],{},"You may see code like this:",[60,92321,92323],{"className":62,"code":92322,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,92324,92325,92357,92361,92381],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92326,92327,92329,92331,92333,92335,92337,92339,92341,92343,92345,92347,92349,92351,92353,92355],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92328,1252],{"class":75},[69,92330,80],{"class":79},[69,92332,84],{"class":83},[69,92334,871],{"class":699},[69,92336,533],{"class":703},[69,92338,871],{"class":699},[69,92340,91],{"class":83},[69,92342,881],{"class":699},[69,92344,5465],{"class":703},[69,92346,871],{"class":699},[69,92348,91],{"class":83},[69,92350,881],{"class":699},[69,92352,10425],{"class":703},[69,92354,871],{"class":699},[69,92356,117],{"class":83},[69,92358,92359],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,92360,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,92362,92363,92365,92367,92369,92371,92373,92375,92377,92379],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,92364,1514],{"class":1053},[69,92366,70026],{"class":75},[69,92368,1574],{"class":1053},[69,92370,54545],{"class":128},[69,92372,132],{"class":83},[69,92374,11850],{"class":128},[69,92376,132],{"class":83},[69,92378,8497],{"class":146},[69,92380,70041],{"class":83},[69,92382,92383,92385,92387,92389,92391,92393,92395,92397],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,92384,8756],{"class":128},[69,92386,132],{"class":83},[69,92388,36844],{"class":146},[69,92390,91],{"class":83},[69,92392,1319],{"class":146},[69,92394,331],{"class":83},[69,92396,36844],{"class":146},[69,92398,618],{"class":83},[20,92400,321],{},[60,92402,92403],{"className":62,"code":36856,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,92404,92405,92411,92417],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92406,92407,92409],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92408,1226],{"class":87},[69,92410,36865],{"class":75},[69,92412,92413,92415],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,92414,88],{"class":87},[69,92416,36872],{"class":75},[69,92418,92419,92421],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,92420,1155],{"class":87},[69,92422,36879],{"class":75},[20,92424,92425,92426,92430],{},"This works, and it uses ",[533,92427,92428],{"href":42828},[15,92429,42831],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,92432,92433],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[60,92435,92437],{"className":62,"code":92436,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,92438,92439,92471,92475,92487],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92440,92441,92443,92445,92447,92449,92451,92453,92455,92457,92459,92461,92463,92465,92467,92469],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92442,1252],{"class":75},[69,92444,80],{"class":79},[69,92446,84],{"class":83},[69,92448,871],{"class":699},[69,92450,533],{"class":703},[69,92452,871],{"class":699},[69,92454,91],{"class":83},[69,92456,881],{"class":699},[69,92458,5465],{"class":703},[69,92460,871],{"class":699},[69,92462,91],{"class":83},[69,92464,881],{"class":699},[69,92466,10425],{"class":703},[69,92468,871],{"class":699},[69,92470,117],{"class":83},[69,92472,92473],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,92474,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,92476,92477,92479,92481,92483,92485],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,92478,1514],{"class":1053},[69,92480,6658],{"class":75},[69,92482,1574],{"class":1053},[69,92484,1319],{"class":75},[69,92486,1579],{"class":83},[69,92488,92489,92491,92493,92495],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,92490,8756],{"class":128},[69,92492,132],{"class":83},[69,92494,23999],{"class":146},[69,92496,166],{"class":83},[20,92498,37283,92499,92504],{},[533,92500,92502],{"href":92501},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,92503,36438],{}," is usually a better choice:",[60,92506,92508],{"className":62,"code":92507,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,92509,92510,92542,92546,92566],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92511,92512,92514,92516,92518,92520,92522,92524,92526,92528,92530,92532,92534,92536,92538,92540],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92513,1252],{"class":75},[69,92515,80],{"class":79},[69,92517,84],{"class":83},[69,92519,871],{"class":699},[69,92521,533],{"class":703},[69,92523,871],{"class":699},[69,92525,91],{"class":83},[69,92527,881],{"class":699},[69,92529,5465],{"class":703},[69,92531,871],{"class":699},[69,92533,91],{"class":83},[69,92535,881],{"class":699},[69,92537,10425],{"class":703},[69,92539,871],{"class":699},[69,92541,117],{"class":83},[69,92543,92544],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,92545,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,92547,92548,92550,92552,92554,92556,92558,92560,92562,92564],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,92549,1514],{"class":1053},[69,92551,36510],{"class":75},[69,92553,91],{"class":83},[69,92555,6658],{"class":75},[69,92557,1574],{"class":1053},[69,92559,36520],{"class":128},[69,92561,132],{"class":83},[69,92563,8497],{"class":146},[69,92565,1048],{"class":83},[69,92567,92568,92570,92572,92574,92576,92578],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,92569,8756],{"class":128},[69,92571,132],{"class":83},[69,92573,36535],{"class":146},[69,92575,91],{"class":83},[69,92577,30195],{"class":146},[69,92579,166],{"class":83},[20,92581,79596,92582,537],{},[533,92583,37296,92584,37299],{"href":37295},[15,92585,36438],{},[55,92587,92589,92590,92592],{"id":92588},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92591,36888],{}," to a list",[20,92594,92595,92597],{},[15,92596,36888],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92599,92600,92601,143],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92602,52],{},[60,92604,92606],{"className":62,"code":92605,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92607,92608],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92609,92610,92612,92614,92616,92618,92620,92622,92624],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92611,172],{"class":128},[69,92613,132],{"class":83},[69,92615,178],{"class":177},[69,92617,132],{"class":83},[69,92619,60475],{"class":128},[69,92621,132],{"class":83},[69,92623,346],{"class":87},[69,92625,2019],{"class":83},[20,92627,321],{},[60,92629,92631],{"className":62,"code":92630,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92632,92633],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92634,92635,92637,92639,92641,92643,92645,92647],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92636,331],{"class":83},[69,92638,1226],{"class":87},[69,92640,91],{"class":83},[69,92642,1263],{"class":87},[69,92644,91],{"class":83},[69,92646,94],{"class":87},[69,92648,117],{"class":83},[20,92650,34002],{},[29,92652,92653,92658,92661],{},[32,92654,92655,92656,42555],{},"learning how ",[15,92657,36888],{},[32,92659,92660],{},"checking your values",[32,92662,92663],{},"debugging code",[20,92665,6172],{},[60,92667,92669],{"className":62,"code":92668,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92670,92671,92685,92689,92699],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92672,92673,92675,92677,92679,92681,92683],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92674,76],{"class":75},[69,92676,80],{"class":79},[69,92678,54545],{"class":128},[69,92680,132],{"class":83},[69,92682,334],{"class":87},[69,92684,166],{"class":83},[69,92686,92687],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,92688,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,92690,92691,92693,92695,92697],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,92692,172],{"class":128},[69,92694,132],{"class":83},[69,92696,4366],{"class":146},[69,92698,166],{"class":83},[69,92700,92701,92703,92705,92707,92709,92711],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,92702,172],{"class":128},[69,92704,132],{"class":83},[69,92706,178],{"class":177},[69,92708,132],{"class":83},[69,92710,4366],{"class":146},[69,92712,318],{"class":83},[20,92714,321],{},[60,92716,92718],{"className":62,"code":92717,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92719,92720,92734],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92721,92722,92724,92726,92728,92730,92732],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92723,60475],{"class":128},[69,92725,132],{"class":83},[69,92727,1226],{"class":87},[69,92729,91],{"class":83},[69,92731,104],{"class":87},[69,92733,166],{"class":83},[69,92735,92736,92738,92740,92742,92744,92746,92748,92750,92752],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,92737,331],{"class":83},[69,92739,1226],{"class":87},[69,92741,91],{"class":83},[69,92743,1263],{"class":87},[69,92745,91],{"class":83},[69,92747,94],{"class":87},[69,92749,91],{"class":83},[69,92751,99],{"class":87},[69,92753,117],{"class":83},[20,92755,92756,92757,11272,92759,92762],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92758,60475],{},[15,92760,92761],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[55,92764,5222],{"id":5221},[20,92766,34231,92767,537],{},[15,92768,36888],{},[377,92770,92772],{"id":92771},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92774,92775],{},"Many beginners think this:",[60,92777,92779],{"className":62,"code":92778,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92780,92781],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92782,92783,92785,92787,92789,92791,92793,92795,92797,92799,92801],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92784,172],{"class":128},[69,92786,132],{"class":83},[69,92788,178],{"class":177},[69,92790,132],{"class":83},[69,92792,60475],{"class":128},[69,92794,132],{"class":83},[69,92796,88],{"class":87},[69,92798,91],{"class":83},[69,92800,109],{"class":87},[69,92802,2019],{"class":83},[20,92804,92805],{},"will produce:",[60,92807,92809],{"className":62,"code":92808,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92810,92811],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92812,92813,92815,92817,92819,92821,92823,92825,92827,92829,92831,92833],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92814,331],{"class":83},[69,92816,88],{"class":87},[69,92818,91],{"class":83},[69,92820,94],{"class":87},[69,92822,91],{"class":83},[69,92824,99],{"class":87},[69,92826,91],{"class":83},[69,92828,104],{"class":87},[69,92830,91],{"class":83},[69,92832,109],{"class":87},[69,92834,117],{"class":83},[20,92836,92837],{},"But the real output is:",[60,92839,92840],{"className":62,"code":53980,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,92841,92842],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92843,92844,92846,92848,92850,92852,92854,92856,92858,92860],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92845,331],{"class":83},[69,92847,88],{"class":87},[69,92849,91],{"class":83},[69,92851,94],{"class":87},[69,92853,91],{"class":83},[69,92855,99],{"class":87},[69,92857,91],{"class":83},[69,92859,104],{"class":87},[69,92861,117],{"class":83},[20,92863,92864],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[377,92866,5283,92868,92870,92871],{"id":92867},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92869,91332],{}," starts at ",[15,92872,88],{},[20,92874,38155,92875,19654,92877,537],{},[15,92876,1226],{},[15,92878,88],{},[60,92880,92881],{"className":62,"code":91525,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,92882,92883],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92884,92885,92887,92889,92891,92893,92895,92897,92899],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92886,172],{"class":128},[69,92888,132],{"class":83},[69,92890,178],{"class":177},[69,92892,132],{"class":83},[69,92894,60475],{"class":128},[69,92896,132],{"class":83},[69,92898,2866],{"class":87},[69,92900,2019],{"class":83},[20,92902,321],{},[60,92904,92905],{"className":62,"code":60498,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,92906,92907],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92908,92909,92911,92913,92915,92917,92919,92921,92923,92925,92927,92929],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92910,331],{"class":83},[69,92912,1226],{"class":87},[69,92914,91],{"class":83},[69,92916,1263],{"class":87},[69,92918,91],{"class":83},[69,92920,94],{"class":87},[69,92922,91],{"class":83},[69,92924,99],{"class":87},[69,92926,91],{"class":83},[69,92928,104],{"class":87},[69,92930,117],{"class":83},[377,92932,92934],{"id":92933},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92936,92937,92938,143],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92939,3682],{},[60,92941,92943],{"className":62,"code":92942,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92944,92945,92964,92968,92985],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,92946,92947,92950,92952,92954,92956,92958,92960,92962],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,92948,92949],{"class":75},"user_number ",[69,92951,80],{"class":79},[69,92953,8929],{"class":128},[69,92955,132],{"class":83},[69,92957,871],{"class":699},[69,92959,42341],{"class":703},[69,92961,871],{"class":699},[69,92963,166],{"class":83},[69,92965,92966],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,92967,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,92969,92970,92972,92974,92976,92978,92980,92983],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,92971,1514],{"class":1053},[69,92973,70026],{"class":75},[69,92975,1574],{"class":1053},[69,92977,54545],{"class":128},[69,92979,132],{"class":83},[69,92981,92982],{"class":146},"user_number",[69,92984,1048],{"class":83},[69,92986,92987,92989,92991,92993],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,92988,8756],{"class":128},[69,92990,132],{"class":83},[69,92992,36844],{"class":146},[69,92994,166],{"class":83},[20,92996,48983,92997,92999],{},[15,92998,3682],{}," returns a string.",[20,93001,11495],{},[60,93003,93005],{"className":62,"code":93004,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93006,93007,93029,93033,93049],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93008,93009,93011,93013,93015,93017,93019,93021,93023,93025,93027],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93010,92949],{"class":75},[69,93012,80],{"class":79},[69,93014,45748],{"class":177},[69,93016,132],{"class":83},[69,93018,42933],{"class":128},[69,93020,132],{"class":83},[69,93022,871],{"class":699},[69,93024,42341],{"class":703},[69,93026,871],{"class":699},[69,93028,318],{"class":83},[69,93030,93031],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,93032,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,93034,93035,93037,93039,93041,93043,93045,93047],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,93036,1514],{"class":1053},[69,93038,70026],{"class":75},[69,93040,1574],{"class":1053},[69,93042,54545],{"class":128},[69,93044,132],{"class":83},[69,93046,92982],{"class":146},[69,93048,1048],{"class":83},[69,93050,93051,93053,93055,93057],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,93052,8756],{"class":128},[69,93054,132],{"class":83},[69,93056,36844],{"class":146},[69,93058,166],{"class":83},[20,93060,93061,93062,537],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[533,93063,50997,93064],{"href":50996},[15,93065,51000],{},[377,93067,93069,93070,93072,93073],{"id":93068},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,93071,36762],{}," smaller than ",[15,93074,75904],{},[20,93076,93077],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[60,93079,93080],{"className":62,"code":92007,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,93081,93082],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93083,93084,93086,93088,93090,93092,93094,93096,93098,93100,93102,93104,93106,93108],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93085,172],{"class":128},[69,93087,132],{"class":83},[69,93089,178],{"class":177},[69,93091,132],{"class":83},[69,93093,60475],{"class":128},[69,93095,132],{"class":83},[69,93097,88],{"class":87},[69,93099,91],{"class":83},[69,93101,109],{"class":87},[69,93103,91],{"class":83},[69,93105,1979],{"class":79},[69,93107,88],{"class":87},[69,93109,2019],{"class":83},[20,93111,321],{},[60,93113,93114],{"className":62,"code":833,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,93115,93116],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93117,93118],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93119,833],{"class":83},[20,93121,93122],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[377,93124,26304,93126],{"id":93125},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,93127,93128],{},"step = 0",[20,93130,78047],{},[60,93132,93134],{"className":62,"code":93133,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,93135,93136],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93137,93138,93140,93142,93144,93146,93148,93150,93152],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93139,60475],{"class":128},[69,93141,132],{"class":83},[69,93143,88],{"class":87},[69,93145,91],{"class":83},[69,93147,6701],{"class":87},[69,93149,91],{"class":83},[69,93151,158],{"class":87},[69,93153,166],{"class":83},[20,93155,93156],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[377,93158,5408,93160,93162],{"id":93159},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,93161,36888],{}," is not a list",[20,93164,93165],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[60,93167,93169],{"className":62,"code":93168,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(range(5))\n",[15,93170,93171],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93172,93173,93175,93177,93179,93181,93183],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93174,172],{"class":128},[69,93176,132],{"class":83},[69,93178,60475],{"class":128},[69,93180,132],{"class":83},[69,93182,2866],{"class":87},[69,93184,318],{"class":83},[20,93186,321],{},[60,93188,93190],{"className":62,"code":93189,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,93191,93192],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93193,93194,93196,93198,93200,93202,93204],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93195,60475],{"class":128},[69,93197,132],{"class":83},[69,93199,1226],{"class":87},[69,93201,91],{"class":83},[69,93203,109],{"class":87},[69,93205,166],{"class":83},[20,93207,93208],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[60,93210,93211],{"className":62,"code":91525,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,93212,93213],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93214,93215,93217,93219,93221,93223,93225,93227,93229],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93216,172],{"class":128},[69,93218,132],{"class":83},[69,93220,178],{"class":177},[69,93222,132],{"class":83},[69,93224,60475],{"class":128},[69,93226,132],{"class":83},[69,93228,2866],{"class":87},[69,93230,2019],{"class":83},[20,93232,321],{},[60,93234,93235],{"className":62,"code":60498,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,93236,93237],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93238,93239,93241,93243,93245,93247,93249,93251,93253,93255,93257,93259],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93240,331],{"class":83},[69,93242,1226],{"class":87},[69,93244,91],{"class":83},[69,93246,1263],{"class":87},[69,93248,91],{"class":83},[69,93250,94],{"class":87},[69,93252,91],{"class":83},[69,93254,99],{"class":87},[69,93256,91],{"class":83},[69,93258,104],{"class":87},[69,93260,117],{"class":83},[55,93262,93264],{"id":93263},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,93266,9561,93267,82818],{},[15,93268,36888],{},[60,93270,93272],{"className":62,"code":93271,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,93273,93274,93288,93306,93328,93356],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93275,93276,93278,93280,93282,93284,93286],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93277,172],{"class":128},[69,93279,132],{"class":83},[69,93281,60475],{"class":128},[69,93283,132],{"class":83},[69,93285,2866],{"class":87},[69,93287,318],{"class":83},[69,93289,93290,93292,93294,93296,93298,93300,93302,93304],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,93291,172],{"class":128},[69,93293,132],{"class":83},[69,93295,178],{"class":177},[69,93297,132],{"class":83},[69,93299,60475],{"class":128},[69,93301,132],{"class":83},[69,93303,2866],{"class":87},[69,93305,2019],{"class":83},[69,93307,93308,93310,93312,93314,93316,93318,93320,93322,93324,93326],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,93309,172],{"class":128},[69,93311,132],{"class":83},[69,93313,178],{"class":177},[69,93315,132],{"class":83},[69,93317,60475],{"class":128},[69,93319,132],{"class":83},[69,93321,1155],{"class":87},[69,93323,91],{"class":83},[69,93325,2504],{"class":87},[69,93327,2019],{"class":83},[69,93329,93330,93332,93334,93336,93338,93340,93342,93344,93346,93348,93350,93352,93354],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,93331,172],{"class":128},[69,93333,132],{"class":83},[69,93335,178],{"class":177},[69,93337,132],{"class":83},[69,93339,60475],{"class":128},[69,93341,132],{"class":83},[69,93343,444],{"class":87},[69,93345,91],{"class":83},[69,93347,158],{"class":87},[69,93349,91],{"class":83},[69,93351,1979],{"class":79},[69,93353,1155],{"class":87},[69,93355,2019],{"class":83},[69,93357,93358,93360,93362,93364,93366,93368,93370,93372],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,93359,172],{"class":128},[69,93361,132],{"class":83},[69,93363,641],{"class":177},[69,93365,132],{"class":83},[69,93367,60475],{"class":128},[69,93369,132],{"class":83},[69,93371,2866],{"class":87},[69,93373,2019],{"class":83},[20,93375,26696],{},[29,93377,93378,93381,93384],{},[32,93379,93380],{},"what values are being created",[32,93382,93383],{},"whether the direction is correct",[32,93385,93386,93387,679],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,93388,60475],{},[55,93390,2519],{"id":2518},[377,93392,2523,93394,93396],{"id":93393},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,93395,36888],{}," include the last number?",[20,93398,93399],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[377,93401,5859,93403,93405,93406,3218],{"id":93402},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,93404,91332],{}," start at ",[15,93407,1226],{},[20,93409,93410,93411,537],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,93412,1226],{},[377,93414,5871,93416,93418],{"id":93415},"can-range-count-backward",[15,93417,36888],{}," count backward?",[20,93420,93421,93422,537],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,93423,93424],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[377,93426,15595,93428,26731],{"id":93427},"is-range-a-list",[15,93429,36888],{},[20,93431,26734,93432,93434,93435,24627],{},[15,93433,60475],{}," object. Use ",[15,93436,93437],{},"list(range(...))",[377,93439,5859,93441,49157],{"id":93440},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,93442,93443],{},"range(input())",[20,93445,93446,4205,93448,537],{},[15,93447,3682],{},[15,93449,93450],{},"int(input())",[55,93452,2620],{"id":2619},[29,93454,93455,93459,93465,93471,93477],{},[32,93456,93457],{},[533,93458,36718],{"href":36717},[32,93460,93461],{},[533,93462,13,93463,2515],{"href":42828},[15,93464,42831],{},[32,93466,93467],{},[533,93468,13,93469,2515],{"href":92501},[15,93470,36438],{},[32,93472,93473],{},[533,93474,38206,93475,37299],{"href":37295},[15,93476,36438],{},[32,93478,93479],{},[533,93480,50997,93481],{"href":50996},[15,93482,51000],{},[2650,93484,93485],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":93487},[93488,93489,93491,93497,93505,93512,93514,93526,93527,93539],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":91341,"depth":120,"text":93490},"What range() does",{"id":91434,"depth":120,"text":93492,"children":93493},"range() syntax",[93494,93495,93496],{"id":91514,"depth":169,"text":91517},{"id":91578,"depth":169,"text":91581},{"id":91646,"depth":169,"text":91649},{"id":91717,"depth":120,"text":91718,"children":93498},[93499,93500,93501,93502,93503],{"id":91724,"depth":169,"text":91332},{"id":91787,"depth":169,"text":91790},{"id":91851,"depth":169,"text":91854},{"id":91927,"depth":169,"text":91928},{"id":77291,"depth":169,"text":93504},"step cannot be 0",{"id":92086,"depth":120,"text":93506,"children":93507},"Using range() in a for loop",[93508,93509,93510],{"id":92188,"depth":169,"text":92189},{"id":92233,"depth":169,"text":92234},{"id":92313,"depth":169,"text":93511},"range() and indexing",{"id":92588,"depth":120,"text":93513},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":5221,"depth":120,"text":5222,"children":93515},[93516,93517,93519,93520,93522,93524],{"id":92771,"depth":169,"text":92772},{"id":92867,"depth":169,"text":93518},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92933,"depth":169,"text":92934},{"id":93068,"depth":169,"text":93521},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":93125,"depth":169,"text":93523},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":93159,"depth":169,"text":93525},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":93263,"depth":120,"text":93264},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":93528},[93529,93531,93533,93535,93537],{"id":93393,"depth":169,"text":93530},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":93402,"depth":169,"text":93532},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93415,"depth":169,"text":93534},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93427,"depth":169,"text":93536},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93440,"depth":169,"text":93538},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":91235,"description":93540},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93547,"title":93548,"body":93549,"description":95222,"extension":2697,"meta":95223,"navigation":272,"path":95224,"seo":95225,"stem":95226,"__hash__":95227},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93550,"toc":95195},[93551,93560,93567,93584,93600,93602,93651,93659,93663,93666,93686,93688,93752,93754,93797,93800,93846,93848,93881,93891,93897,93905,93922,93924,93955,93957,93982,93987,93998,94001,94071,94073,94104,94109,94114,94131,94133,94184,94186,94219,94222,94229,94234,94238,94254,94256,94300,94302,94348,94351,94364,94369,94373,94387,94389,94440,94442,94475,94480,94482,94489,94491,94514,94516,94581,94583,94600,94603,94636,94638,94666,94676,94683,94687,94690,94708,94711,94739,94742,94760,94765,94771,94774,94796,94798,94826,94828,94831,94856,94859,94972,94974,95053,95055,95061,95066,95074,95082,95086,95089,95091,95124,95126,95134,95140,95147,95154,95157,95159,95192],[10,93552,13,93554,11272,93556,93559],{"id":93553},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93555,36888],{},[15,93557,93558],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93561,93562,5096,93564,93566],{},[15,93563,36888],{},[15,93565,93558],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[29,93568,93569,93577],{},[32,93570,93571,93573,93574],{},[15,93572,36888],{}," creates a ",[42,93575,93576],{},"range object",[32,93578,93579,93573,93581],{},[15,93580,93558],{},[42,93582,93583],{},"real list",[20,93585,93586,93587,93589,93590,93593,93594,93596,93597,93599],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93588,91332],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93591,93592],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93595,36888],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93598,93558],{}," when you actually need a list.",[55,93601,4327],{"id":4326},[60,93603,93605],{"className":62,"code":93604,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93606,93607,93621,93634],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93608,93609,93611,93613,93615,93617,93619],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93610,76],{"class":75},[69,93612,80],{"class":79},[69,93614,54545],{"class":128},[69,93616,132],{"class":83},[69,93618,2866],{"class":87},[69,93620,166],{"class":83},[69,93622,93623,93625,93627,93629,93631],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,93624,172],{"class":128},[69,93626,132],{"class":83},[69,93628,4366],{"class":146},[69,93630,938],{"class":83},[69,93632,93633],{"class":189},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[69,93635,93636,93638,93640,93642,93644,93646,93648],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,93637,172],{"class":128},[69,93639,132],{"class":83},[69,93641,178],{"class":177},[69,93643,132],{"class":83},[69,93645,4366],{"class":146},[69,93647,186],{"class":83},[69,93649,93650],{"class":189},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93652,1378,93653,93655,93656,93658],{},[15,93654,36888],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93657,93558],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[55,93660,93662],{"id":93661},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93664,93665],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[29,93667,93668,93675,93680,93683],{},[32,93669,93670,547,93672,93674],{},[15,93671,36888],{},[42,93673,93576],{},", not a list",[32,93676,93677,93679],{},[15,93678,93558],{}," converts that range object into a list",[32,93681,93682],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[32,93684,93685],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93687,234],{},[60,93689,93691],{"className":62,"code":93690,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93692,93693,93708,93727,93731,93741],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93694,93695,93698,93700,93702,93704,93706],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93696,93697],{"class":75},"r ",[69,93699,80],{"class":79},[69,93701,54545],{"class":128},[69,93703,132],{"class":83},[69,93705,2866],{"class":87},[69,93707,166],{"class":83},[69,93709,93710,93713,93715,93717,93719,93721,93723,93725],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,93711,93712],{"class":75},"lst ",[69,93714,80],{"class":79},[69,93716,2162],{"class":177},[69,93718,132],{"class":83},[69,93720,60475],{"class":128},[69,93722,132],{"class":83},[69,93724,2866],{"class":87},[69,93726,318],{"class":83},[69,93728,93729],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,93730,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,93732,93733,93735,93737,93739],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,93734,172],{"class":128},[69,93736,132],{"class":83},[69,93738,60982],{"class":146},[69,93740,166],{"class":83},[69,93742,93743,93745,93747,93750],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,93744,172],{"class":128},[69,93746,132],{"class":83},[69,93748,93749],{"class":146},"lst",[69,93751,166],{"class":83},[20,93753,321],{},[60,93755,93757],{"className":62,"code":93756,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93758,93759,93773],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93760,93761,93763,93765,93767,93769,93771],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93762,60475],{"class":128},[69,93764,132],{"class":83},[69,93766,1226],{"class":87},[69,93768,91],{"class":83},[69,93770,109],{"class":87},[69,93772,166],{"class":83},[69,93774,93775,93777,93779,93781,93783,93785,93787,93789,93791,93793,93795],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,93776,331],{"class":83},[69,93778,1226],{"class":87},[69,93780,91],{"class":83},[69,93782,1263],{"class":87},[69,93784,91],{"class":83},[69,93786,94],{"class":87},[69,93788,91],{"class":83},[69,93790,99],{"class":87},[69,93792,91],{"class":83},[69,93794,104],{"class":87},[69,93796,117],{"class":83},[20,93798,93799],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[60,93801,93803],{"className":62,"code":93802,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93804,93805,93823],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93806,93807,93809,93811,93813,93815,93817,93819,93821],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93808,172],{"class":128},[69,93810,132],{"class":83},[69,93812,641],{"class":177},[69,93814,132],{"class":83},[69,93816,60475],{"class":128},[69,93818,132],{"class":83},[69,93820,2866],{"class":87},[69,93822,2019],{"class":83},[69,93824,93825,93827,93829,93831,93833,93835,93837,93839,93841,93843],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,93826,172],{"class":128},[69,93828,132],{"class":83},[69,93830,641],{"class":177},[69,93832,132],{"class":83},[69,93834,178],{"class":177},[69,93836,132],{"class":83},[69,93838,60475],{"class":128},[69,93840,132],{"class":83},[69,93842,2866],{"class":87},[69,93844,93845],{"class":83},"))))\n",[20,93847,321],{},[60,93849,93851],{"className":62,"code":93850,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93852,93853,93867],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93854,93855,93857,93859,93861,93863,93865],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93856,674],{"class":79},[69,93858,696],{"class":135},[69,93860,700],{"class":699},[69,93862,60475],{"class":703},[69,93864,706],{"class":699},[69,93866,689],{"class":79},[69,93868,93869,93871,93873,93875,93877,93879],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,93870,674],{"class":79},[69,93872,696],{"class":135},[69,93874,700],{"class":699},[69,93876,178],{"class":703},[69,93878,706],{"class":699},[69,93880,689],{"class":79},[20,93882,93883,93884,93886,93887,537],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93885,36888],{}," works, see ",[533,93888,13,93889,2515],{"href":93542},[15,93890,36888],{},[55,93892,202,93894,93896],{"id":93893},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93895,36888],{}," gives you",[20,93898,93899,93901,93902,93904],{},[15,93900,36888],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93903,1514],{}," loops.",[29,93906,93907,93910,93913,93916],{},[32,93908,93909],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[32,93911,93912],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[32,93914,93915],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[32,93917,93918,93919],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93920,93921],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93923,234],{},[60,93925,93927],{"className":62,"code":93926,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93928,93929,93945],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93930,93931,93933,93935,93937,93939,93941,93943],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93932,1514],{"class":1053},[69,93934,70026],{"class":75},[69,93936,1574],{"class":1053},[69,93938,54545],{"class":128},[69,93940,132],{"class":83},[69,93942,2866],{"class":87},[69,93944,1048],{"class":83},[69,93946,93947,93949,93951,93953],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,93948,8756],{"class":128},[69,93950,132],{"class":83},[69,93952,36844],{"class":146},[69,93954,166],{"class":83},[20,93956,321],{},[60,93958,93960],{"className":62,"code":93959,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93961,93962,93966,93970,93974,93978],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,93963,93964],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,93965,47724],{"class":87},[69,93967,93968],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,93969,47389],{"class":87},[69,93971,93972],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,93973,17746],{"class":87},[69,93975,93976],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,93977,47089],{"class":87},[69,93979,93980],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,93981,49123],{"class":87},[20,93983,1168,93984,93986],{},[15,93985,91332],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93988,93989,93990,93992,93993,537],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93991,36888],{}," is so common with ",[533,93994,13,93996,91363],{"href":93995},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93997,1514],{},[20,93999,94000],{},"You can also inspect it:",[60,94002,94004],{"className":62,"code":94003,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,94005,94006,94028,94032,94042,94056],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94007,94008,94010,94012,94014,94016,94018,94020,94022,94024,94026],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94009,93697],{"class":75},[69,94011,80],{"class":79},[69,94013,54545],{"class":128},[69,94015,132],{"class":83},[69,94017,1155],{"class":87},[69,94019,91],{"class":83},[69,94021,6701],{"class":87},[69,94023,91],{"class":83},[69,94025,94],{"class":87},[69,94027,166],{"class":83},[69,94029,94030],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,94031,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,94033,94034,94036,94038,94040],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,94035,172],{"class":128},[69,94037,132],{"class":83},[69,94039,60982],{"class":146},[69,94041,166],{"class":83},[69,94043,94044,94046,94048,94050,94052,94054],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,94045,172],{"class":128},[69,94047,132],{"class":83},[69,94049,11850],{"class":128},[69,94051,132],{"class":83},[69,94053,60982],{"class":146},[69,94055,318],{"class":83},[69,94057,94058,94060,94062,94064,94066,94069],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,94059,172],{"class":128},[69,94061,132],{"class":83},[69,94063,81072],{"class":87},[69,94065,21864],{"class":1053},[69,94067,94068],{"class":146}," r",[69,94070,166],{"class":83},[20,94072,321],{},[60,94074,94076],{"className":62,"code":94075,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,94077,94078,94096,94100],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94079,94080,94082,94084,94086,94088,94090,94092,94094],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94081,60475],{"class":128},[69,94083,132],{"class":83},[69,94085,1155],{"class":87},[69,94087,91],{"class":83},[69,94089,6701],{"class":87},[69,94091,91],{"class":83},[69,94093,94],{"class":87},[69,94095,166],{"class":83},[69,94097,94098],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,94099,49123],{"class":87},[69,94101,94102],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,94103,4685],{"class":1203},[55,94105,202,94107,93896],{"id":94106},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,94108,93558],{},[20,94110,94111,94113],{},[15,94112,93558],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[29,94115,94116,94119,94122,94125],{},[32,94117,94118],{},"It creates all values at once",[32,94120,94121],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[32,94123,94124],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[32,94126,94127,94128,94130],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,94129,36888],{}," for very large sequences",[20,94132,234],{},[60,94134,94136],{"className":62,"code":94135,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,94137,94138,94156,94160,94170],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94139,94140,94142,94144,94146,94148,94150,94152,94154],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94141,76],{"class":75},[69,94143,80],{"class":79},[69,94145,2162],{"class":177},[69,94147,132],{"class":83},[69,94149,60475],{"class":128},[69,94151,132],{"class":83},[69,94153,2866],{"class":87},[69,94155,318],{"class":83},[69,94157,94158],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,94159,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,94161,94162,94164,94166,94168],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,94163,172],{"class":128},[69,94165,132],{"class":83},[69,94167,4366],{"class":146},[69,94169,166],{"class":83},[69,94171,94172,94174,94176,94178,94180,94182],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,94173,172],{"class":128},[69,94175,132],{"class":83},[69,94177,4366],{"class":146},[69,94179,331],{"class":83},[69,94181,1155],{"class":87},[69,94183,618],{"class":83},[20,94185,321],{},[60,94187,94189],{"className":62,"code":94188,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,94190,94191,94215],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94192,94193,94195,94197,94199,94201,94203,94205,94207,94209,94211,94213],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94194,331],{"class":83},[69,94196,1226],{"class":87},[69,94198,91],{"class":83},[69,94200,1263],{"class":87},[69,94202,91],{"class":83},[69,94204,94],{"class":87},[69,94206,91],{"class":83},[69,94208,99],{"class":87},[69,94210,91],{"class":83},[69,94212,104],{"class":87},[69,94214,117],{"class":83},[69,94216,94217],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,94218,17746],{"class":87},[20,94220,94221],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,94223,94224,94225,537],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[533,94226,13,94227,2515],{"href":65325},[15,94228,52],{},[55,94230,1373,94232],{"id":94231},"when-to-use-range",[15,94233,36888],{},[20,94235,1378,94236,11288],{},[15,94237,36888],{},[29,94239,94240,94245,94248,94251],{},[32,94241,94242,94243,92092],{},"You are writing a ",[15,94244,1514],{},[32,94246,94247],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[32,94249,94250],{},"You are working with large sequences",[32,94252,94253],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,94255,234],{},[60,94257,94259],{"className":62,"code":94258,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,94260,94261,94281],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94262,94263,94265,94267,94269,94271,94273,94275,94277,94279],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94264,1514],{"class":1053},[69,94266,70026],{"class":75},[69,94268,1574],{"class":1053},[69,94270,54545],{"class":128},[69,94272,132],{"class":83},[69,94274,88],{"class":87},[69,94276,91],{"class":83},[69,94278,114],{"class":87},[69,94280,1048],{"class":83},[69,94282,94283,94285,94287,94289,94292,94294,94296,94298],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,94284,8756],{"class":128},[69,94286,132],{"class":83},[69,94288,871],{"class":699},[69,94290,94291],{"class":703},"Count:",[69,94293,871],{"class":699},[69,94295,91],{"class":83},[69,94297,36819],{"class":146},[69,94299,166],{"class":83},[20,94301,321],{},[60,94303,94305],{"className":62,"code":94304,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,94306,94307,94316,94324,94332,94340],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94308,94309,94312,94314],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94310,94311],{"class":75},"Count",[69,94313,143],{"class":83},[69,94315,30303],{"class":87},[69,94317,94318,94320,94322],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,94319,94311],{"class":75},[69,94321,143],{"class":83},[69,94323,46061],{"class":87},[69,94325,94326,94328,94330],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,94327,94311],{"class":75},[69,94329,143],{"class":83},[69,94331,3303],{"class":87},[69,94333,94334,94336,94338],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,94335,94311],{"class":75},[69,94337,143],{"class":83},[69,94339,24352],{"class":87},[69,94341,94342,94344,94346],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,94343,94311],{"class":75},[69,94345,143],{"class":83},[69,94347,35533],{"class":87},[20,94349,94350],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,94352,94353,94354,94356,94357,62765,94359,537],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,94355,36438],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,94358,37289],{},[533,94360,37296,94362,37299],{"href":94361},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,94363,36438],{},[55,94365,1373,94367],{"id":94366},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,94368,93558],{},[20,94370,1378,94371,11288],{},[15,94372,93558],{},[29,94374,94375,94378,94381,94384],{},[32,94376,94377],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[32,94379,94380],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[32,94382,94383],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[32,94385,94386],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,94388,234],{},[60,94390,94392],{"className":62,"code":94391,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,94393,94394,94412,94426,94430],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94395,94396,94398,94400,94402,94404,94406,94408,94410],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94397,76],{"class":75},[69,94399,80],{"class":79},[69,94401,2162],{"class":177},[69,94403,132],{"class":83},[69,94405,60475],{"class":128},[69,94407,132],{"class":83},[69,94409,2866],{"class":87},[69,94411,318],{"class":83},[69,94413,94414,94416,94418,94420,94422,94424],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,94415,4366],{"class":75},[69,94417,537],{"class":83},[69,94419,1606],{"class":146},[69,94421,132],{"class":83},[69,94423,2866],{"class":87},[69,94425,166],{"class":83},[69,94427,94428],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,94429,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,94431,94432,94434,94436,94438],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,94433,172],{"class":128},[69,94435,132],{"class":83},[69,94437,4366],{"class":146},[69,94439,166],{"class":83},[20,94441,321],{},[60,94443,94445],{"className":62,"code":94444,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,94446,94447],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94448,94449,94451,94453,94455,94457,94459,94461,94463,94465,94467,94469,94471,94473],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94450,331],{"class":83},[69,94452,1226],{"class":87},[69,94454,91],{"class":83},[69,94456,1263],{"class":87},[69,94458,91],{"class":83},[69,94460,94],{"class":87},[69,94462,91],{"class":83},[69,94464,99],{"class":87},[69,94466,91],{"class":83},[69,94468,104],{"class":87},[69,94470,91],{"class":83},[69,94472,109],{"class":87},[69,94474,117],{"class":83},[20,94476,6757,94477,94479],{},[15,94478,4366],{}," is a list.",[55,94481,16288],{"id":16287},[20,94483,94484,94486,94487,537],{},[15,94485,36888],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[42,94488,44],{},[20,94490,213],{},[29,94492,94493,94495,94500,94505,94508],{},[32,94494,22674],{},[32,94496,94497,94498],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,94499,42831],{},[32,94501,94502,94503],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,94504,1574],{},[32,94506,94507],{},"You can index it",[32,94509,94510,94511,94513],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,94512,53127],{}," do not work on it",[20,94515,234],{},[60,94517,94519],{"className":62,"code":94518,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,94520,94521,94535,94539,94553,94567],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94522,94523,94525,94527,94529,94531,94533],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94524,93697],{"class":75},[69,94526,80],{"class":79},[69,94528,54545],{"class":128},[69,94530,132],{"class":83},[69,94532,2866],{"class":87},[69,94534,166],{"class":83},[69,94536,94537],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,94538,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,94540,94541,94543,94545,94547,94549,94551],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,94542,172],{"class":128},[69,94544,132],{"class":83},[69,94546,60982],{"class":146},[69,94548,331],{"class":83},[69,94550,1155],{"class":87},[69,94552,618],{"class":83},[69,94554,94555,94557,94559,94561,94563,94565],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,94556,172],{"class":128},[69,94558,132],{"class":83},[69,94560,11850],{"class":128},[69,94562,132],{"class":83},[69,94564,60982],{"class":146},[69,94566,318],{"class":83},[69,94568,94569,94571,94573,94575,94577,94579],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,94570,172],{"class":128},[69,94572,132],{"class":83},[69,94574,346],{"class":87},[69,94576,21864],{"class":1053},[69,94578,94068],{"class":146},[69,94580,166],{"class":83},[20,94582,321],{},[60,94584,94586],{"className":62,"code":94585,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94587,94588,94592,94596],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94589,94590],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94591,17746],{"class":87},[69,94593,94594],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,94595,3671],{"class":87},[69,94597,94598],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,94599,4685],{"class":1203},[20,94601,94602],{},"Now compare that with this:",[60,94604,94606],{"className":62,"code":94605,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94607,94608,94622],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94609,94610,94612,94614,94616,94618,94620],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94611,93697],{"class":75},[69,94613,80],{"class":79},[69,94615,54545],{"class":128},[69,94617,132],{"class":83},[69,94619,2866],{"class":87},[69,94621,166],{"class":83},[69,94623,94624,94626,94628,94630,94632,94634],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,94625,60982],{"class":75},[69,94627,537],{"class":83},[69,94629,1606],{"class":146},[69,94631,132],{"class":83},[69,94633,2866],{"class":87},[69,94635,166],{"class":83},[20,94637,321],{},[60,94639,94641],{"className":62,"code":94640,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94642,94643],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94644,94645,94647,94649,94651,94653,94655,94657,94660,94662,94664],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94646,26359],{"class":177},[69,94648,143],{"class":83},[69,94650,700],{"class":699},[69,94652,60475],{"class":703},[69,94654,706],{"class":699},[69,94656,679],{"class":177},[69,94658,94659],{"class":75}," has no attribute ",[69,94661,706],{"class":699},[69,94663,1606],{"class":703},[69,94665,30388],{"class":699},[20,94667,94668,94669,2920,94671,2924,94673,94675],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94670,53127],{},[15,94672,56004],{},[15,94674,64789],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94677,94678,94679,537],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[533,94680,26367,94681],{"href":36108},[15,94682,34946],{},[55,94684,94686],{"id":94685},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94688,94689],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[60,94691,94692],{"className":62,"code":93168,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,94693,94694],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94695,94696,94698,94700,94702,94704,94706],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94697,172],{"class":128},[69,94699,132],{"class":83},[69,94701,60475],{"class":128},[69,94703,132],{"class":83},[69,94705,2866],{"class":87},[69,94707,318],{"class":83},[20,94709,94710],{},"to show:",[60,94712,94713],{"className":62,"code":60498,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,94714,94715],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94716,94717,94719,94721,94723,94725,94727,94729,94731,94733,94735,94737],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94718,331],{"class":83},[69,94720,1226],{"class":87},[69,94722,91],{"class":83},[69,94724,1263],{"class":87},[69,94726,91],{"class":83},[69,94728,94],{"class":87},[69,94730,91],{"class":83},[69,94732,99],{"class":87},[69,94734,91],{"class":83},[69,94736,104],{"class":87},[69,94738,117],{"class":83},[20,94740,94741],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[60,94743,94744],{"className":62,"code":93189,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,94745,94746],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94747,94748,94750,94752,94754,94756,94758],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94749,60475],{"class":128},[69,94751,132],{"class":83},[69,94753,1226],{"class":87},[69,94755,91],{"class":83},[69,94757,109],{"class":87},[69,94759,166],{"class":83},[20,94761,5331,94762,94764],{},[42,94763,5334],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94766,94767,94768,94770],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[42,94769,93576],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94772,94773],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[60,94775,94776],{"className":62,"code":91525,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,94777,94778],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94779,94780,94782,94784,94786,94788,94790,94792,94794],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94781,172],{"class":128},[69,94783,132],{"class":83},[69,94785,178],{"class":177},[69,94787,132],{"class":83},[69,94789,60475],{"class":128},[69,94791,132],{"class":83},[69,94793,2866],{"class":87},[69,94795,2019],{"class":83},[20,94797,321],{},[60,94799,94800],{"className":62,"code":60498,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,94801,94802],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94803,94804,94806,94808,94810,94812,94814,94816,94818,94820,94822,94824],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94805,331],{"class":83},[69,94807,1226],{"class":87},[69,94809,91],{"class":83},[69,94811,1263],{"class":87},[69,94813,91],{"class":83},[69,94815,94],{"class":87},[69,94817,91],{"class":83},[69,94819,99],{"class":87},[69,94821,91],{"class":83},[69,94823,104],{"class":87},[69,94825,117],{"class":83},[55,94827,1771],{"id":1770},[20,94829,94830],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[29,94832,94833,94839,94842,94848],{},[32,94834,840,94835,94838],{},[15,94836,94837],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[32,94840,94841],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[32,94843,94844,94845,94847],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94846,36888],{}," is iterable but not a list",[32,94849,840,94850,94852,94853,94855],{},[15,94851,93558],{}," when plain ",[15,94854,36888],{}," would be simpler",[20,94857,94858],{},"These quick checks can help:",[60,94860,94862],{"className":62,"code":94861,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94863,94864,94878,94896,94914,94936,94954],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94865,94866,94868,94870,94872,94874,94876],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94867,172],{"class":128},[69,94869,132],{"class":83},[69,94871,60475],{"class":128},[69,94873,132],{"class":83},[69,94875,2866],{"class":87},[69,94877,318],{"class":83},[69,94879,94880,94882,94884,94886,94888,94890,94892,94894],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,94881,172],{"class":128},[69,94883,132],{"class":83},[69,94885,178],{"class":177},[69,94887,132],{"class":83},[69,94889,60475],{"class":128},[69,94891,132],{"class":83},[69,94893,2866],{"class":87},[69,94895,2019],{"class":83},[69,94897,94898,94900,94902,94904,94906,94908,94910,94912],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,94899,172],{"class":128},[69,94901,132],{"class":83},[69,94903,641],{"class":177},[69,94905,132],{"class":83},[69,94907,60475],{"class":128},[69,94909,132],{"class":83},[69,94911,2866],{"class":87},[69,94913,2019],{"class":83},[69,94915,94916,94918,94920,94922,94924,94926,94928,94930,94932,94934],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,94917,172],{"class":128},[69,94919,132],{"class":83},[69,94921,641],{"class":177},[69,94923,132],{"class":83},[69,94925,178],{"class":177},[69,94927,132],{"class":83},[69,94929,60475],{"class":128},[69,94931,132],{"class":83},[69,94933,2866],{"class":87},[69,94935,93845],{"class":83},[69,94937,94938,94940,94942,94944,94946,94948,94950,94952],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,94939,172],{"class":128},[69,94941,132],{"class":83},[69,94943,346],{"class":87},[69,94945,21864],{"class":1053},[69,94947,54545],{"class":128},[69,94949,132],{"class":83},[69,94951,2866],{"class":87},[69,94953,318],{"class":83},[69,94955,94956,94958,94960,94962,94964,94966,94968,94970],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,94957,172],{"class":128},[69,94959,132],{"class":83},[69,94961,11850],{"class":128},[69,94963,132],{"class":83},[69,94965,60475],{"class":128},[69,94967,132],{"class":83},[69,94969,2866],{"class":87},[69,94971,2019],{"class":83},[20,94973,321],{},[60,94975,94977],{"className":62,"code":94976,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94978,94979,94993,95017,95031,95045,95049],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,94980,94981,94983,94985,94987,94989,94991],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,94982,60475],{"class":128},[69,94984,132],{"class":83},[69,94986,1226],{"class":87},[69,94988,91],{"class":83},[69,94990,109],{"class":87},[69,94992,166],{"class":83},[69,94994,94995,94997,94999,95001,95003,95005,95007,95009,95011,95013,95015],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,94996,331],{"class":83},[69,94998,1226],{"class":87},[69,95000,91],{"class":83},[69,95002,1263],{"class":87},[69,95004,91],{"class":83},[69,95006,94],{"class":87},[69,95008,91],{"class":83},[69,95010,99],{"class":87},[69,95012,91],{"class":83},[69,95014,104],{"class":87},[69,95016,117],{"class":83},[69,95018,95019,95021,95023,95025,95027,95029],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,95020,674],{"class":79},[69,95022,696],{"class":135},[69,95024,700],{"class":699},[69,95026,60475],{"class":703},[69,95028,706],{"class":699},[69,95030,689],{"class":79},[69,95032,95033,95035,95037,95039,95041,95043],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,95034,674],{"class":79},[69,95036,696],{"class":135},[69,95038,700],{"class":699},[69,95040,178],{"class":703},[69,95042,706],{"class":699},[69,95044,689],{"class":79},[69,95046,95047],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,95048,4685],{"class":1203},[69,95050,95051],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,95052,3671],{"class":87},[55,95054,2519],{"id":2518},[377,95056,15595,95058,95060],{"id":95057},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,95059,36888],{}," a list in Python?",[20,95062,46837,95063,95065],{},[15,95064,36888],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[377,95067,95069,95070,11780,95072,3218],{"id":95068},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,95071,36888],{},[15,95073,93558],{},[20,95075,95076,95078,95079,95081],{},[15,95077,36888],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,95080,93558],{}," creates a full list.",[377,95083,95085],{"id":95084},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,95087,95088],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,95090,234],{},[60,95092,95094],{"className":62,"code":95093,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,95095,95096,95110],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95097,95098,95100,95102,95104,95106,95108],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95099,93697],{"class":75},[69,95101,80],{"class":79},[69,95103,54545],{"class":128},[69,95105,132],{"class":83},[69,95107,2866],{"class":87},[69,95109,166],{"class":83},[69,95111,95112,95114,95116,95118,95120,95122],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,95113,172],{"class":128},[69,95115,132],{"class":83},[69,95117,60982],{"class":146},[69,95119,331],{"class":83},[69,95121,88],{"class":87},[69,95123,618],{"class":83},[20,95125,321],{},[60,95127,95128],{"className":62,"code":47389,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,95129,95130],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95131,95132],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95133,47389],{"class":87},[377,95135,5859,95137,95139],{"id":95136},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,95138,94837],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,95141,95142,95143,95146],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,95144,95145],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[377,95148,95150,95151,95153],{"id":95149},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,95152,36888],{}," to a list?",[20,95155,95156],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[55,95158,2620],{"id":2619},[29,95160,95161,95167,95173,95180,95186],{},[32,95162,95163],{},[533,95164,13,95165,2515],{"href":93542},[15,95166,36888],{},[32,95168,95169],{},[533,95170,13,95171,2515],{"href":65325},[15,95172,52],{},[32,95174,95175],{},[533,95176,13,95177,95179],{"href":93995},[15,95178,1514],{}," loops explained",[32,95181,95182],{},[533,95183,38206,95184,37299],{"href":94361},[15,95185,36438],{},[32,95187,95188],{},[533,95189,26810,95190],{"href":36108},[15,95191,34946],{},[2650,95193,95194],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":95196},[95197,95198,95199,95201,95203,95205,95207,95208,95209,95210,95221],{"id":4326,"depth":120,"text":4327},{"id":93661,"depth":120,"text":93662},{"id":93893,"depth":120,"text":95200},"What range() gives you",{"id":94106,"depth":120,"text":95202},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":94231,"depth":120,"text":95204},"When to use range()",{"id":94366,"depth":120,"text":95206},"When to use list(range())",{"id":16287,"depth":120,"text":16288},{"id":94685,"depth":120,"text":94686},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":95211},[95212,95214,95216,95217,95219],{"id":95057,"depth":169,"text":95213},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":95068,"depth":169,"text":95215},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":95084,"depth":169,"text":95085},{"id":95136,"depth":169,"text":95218},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":95149,"depth":169,"text":95220},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93548,"description":95222},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":95229,"title":95230,"body":95231,"description":96667,"extension":2697,"meta":96668,"navigation":272,"path":96669,"seo":96670,"stem":96671,"__hash__":96672},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":95232,"toc":96633},[95233,95239,95244,95247,95261,95264,95266,95305,95307,95320,95328,95333,95349,95352,95354,95356,95377,95394,95397,95456,95458,95477,95482,95488,95491,95525,95527,95540,95543,95588,95590,95613,95620,95626,95629,95670,95672,95686,95689,95747,95749,95764,95777,95783,95789,95854,95856,95875,95877,95895,95898,95902,95908,95910,95943,95945,95958,95968,95971,96032,96034,96055,96058,96060,96076,96081,96085,96090,96095,96151,96153,96171,96174,96219,96221,96229,96234,96238,96252,96254,96286,96288,96297,96299,96303,96312,96315,96347,96349,96361,96364,96368,96373,96414,96416,96424,96427,96450,96454,96456,96465,96468,96521,96523,96532,96536,96541,96552,96554,96563,96566,96572,96575,96581,96591,96599,96606,96608,96630],[10,95234,13,95236,18],{"id":95235},"python-round-function-explained",[15,95237,95238],{},"round()",[20,95240,9809,95241,95243],{},[15,95242,95238],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,95245,95246],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[29,95248,95249,95255],{},[32,95250,95251,95254],{},[15,95252,95253],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[32,95256,95257,95260],{},[15,95258,95259],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,95262,95263],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[55,95265,58],{"id":57},[60,95267,95269],{"className":62,"code":95268,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,95270,95271,95287],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95272,95273,95275,95277,95280,95282,95285],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95274,172],{"class":128},[69,95276,132],{"class":83},[69,95278,95279],{"class":128},"round",[69,95281,132],{"class":83},[69,95283,95284],{"class":87},"3.14159",[69,95286,318],{"class":83},[69,95288,95289,95291,95293,95295,95297,95299,95301,95303],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,95290,172],{"class":128},[69,95292,132],{"class":83},[69,95294,95279],{"class":128},[69,95296,132],{"class":83},[69,95298,95284],{"class":87},[69,95300,91],{"class":83},[69,95302,94],{"class":87},[69,95304,318],{"class":83},[20,95306,321],{},[60,95308,95310],{"className":62,"code":95309,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"3\n3.14\n",[15,95311,95312,95316],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95313,95314],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95315,47089],{"class":87},[69,95317,95318],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,95319,40646],{"class":87},[20,95321,1378,95322,95324,95325,95327],{},[15,95323,95253],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,95326,95259],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[55,95329,202,95331,205],{"id":95330},"what-round-does",[15,95332,95238],{},[29,95334,95335,95340,95343,95346],{},[32,95336,95337,95339],{},[15,95338,95238],{}," is a built-in Python function",[32,95341,95342],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[32,95344,95345],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[32,95347,95348],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,95350,95351],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[55,95353,2888],{"id":2887},[20,95355,354],{},[60,95357,95359],{"className":62,"code":95358,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,95360,95361],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95362,95363,95365,95367,95369,95372,95375],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95364,95279],{"class":128},[69,95366,132],{"class":83},[69,95368,1045],{"class":146},[69,95370,95371],{"class":83},"[,",[69,95373,95374],{"class":146}," ndigits",[69,95376,618],{"class":83},[29,95378,95379,95384,95389],{},[32,95380,95381,95383],{},[15,95382,1045],{}," is the value to round",[32,95385,95386,20730],{},[15,95387,95388],{},"ndigits",[32,95390,95391,95393],{},[15,95392,95388],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,95395,95396],{},"Basic examples:",[60,95398,95400],{"className":62,"code":95399,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,95401,95402,95417,95435],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95403,95404,95406,95408,95410,95412,95415],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95405,172],{"class":128},[69,95407,132],{"class":83},[69,95409,95279],{"class":128},[69,95411,132],{"class":83},[69,95413,95414],{"class":87},"7.8",[69,95416,318],{"class":83},[69,95418,95419,95421,95423,95425,95427,95429,95431,95433],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,95420,172],{"class":128},[69,95422,132],{"class":83},[69,95424,95279],{"class":128},[69,95426,132],{"class":83},[69,95428,95414],{"class":87},[69,95430,91],{"class":83},[69,95432,1263],{"class":87},[69,95434,318],{"class":83},[69,95436,95437,95439,95441,95443,95445,95448,95450,95452,95454],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,95438,172],{"class":128},[69,95440,132],{"class":83},[69,95442,95279],{"class":128},[69,95444,132],{"class":83},[69,95446,95447],{"class":87},"1234",[69,95449,91],{"class":83},[69,95451,1979],{"class":79},[69,95453,1155],{"class":87},[69,95455,318],{"class":83},[20,95457,321],{},[60,95459,95461],{"className":62,"code":95460,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,95462,95463,95467,95472],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95464,95465],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95466,3108],{"class":87},[69,95468,95469],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,95470,95471],{"class":87},"7.8\n",[69,95473,95474],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,95475,95476],{"class":87},"1200\n",[20,95478,95479,95480,537],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[533,95481,3146],{"href":3145},[55,95483,840,95485,95487],{"id":95484},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,95486,95238],{}," with one argument",[20,95489,95490],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[60,95492,95494],{"className":62,"code":95493,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,95495,95496,95510],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95497,95498,95500,95502,95504,95506,95508],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95499,172],{"class":128},[69,95501,132],{"class":83},[69,95503,95279],{"class":128},[69,95505,132],{"class":83},[69,95507,3089],{"class":87},[69,95509,318],{"class":83},[69,95511,95512,95514,95516,95518,95520,95523],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,95513,172],{"class":128},[69,95515,132],{"class":83},[69,95517,95279],{"class":128},[69,95519,132],{"class":83},[69,95521,95522],{"class":87},"4.8",[69,95524,318],{"class":83},[20,95526,321],{},[60,95528,95530],{"className":62,"code":95529,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"4\n5\n",[15,95531,95532,95536],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95533,95534],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95535,49123],{"class":87},[69,95537,95538],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,95539,3671],{"class":87},[20,95541,95542],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[60,95544,95546],{"className":62,"code":95545,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95547,95548,95564,95574],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95549,95550,95552,95554,95557,95559,95562],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95551,123],{"class":75},[69,95553,80],{"class":79},[69,95555,95556],{"class":128}," round",[69,95558,132],{"class":83},[69,95560,95561],{"class":87},"10.2",[69,95563,166],{"class":83},[69,95565,95566,95568,95570,95572],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,95567,172],{"class":128},[69,95569,132],{"class":83},[69,95571,183],{"class":146},[69,95573,166],{"class":83},[69,95575,95576,95578,95580,95582,95584,95586],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,95577,172],{"class":128},[69,95579,132],{"class":83},[69,95581,641],{"class":177},[69,95583,132],{"class":83},[69,95585,183],{"class":146},[69,95587,318],{"class":83},[20,95589,321],{},[60,95591,95593],{"className":62,"code":95592,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95594,95595,95599],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95596,95597],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95598,3103],{"class":87},[69,95600,95601,95603,95605,95607,95609,95611],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,95602,674],{"class":79},[69,95604,696],{"class":135},[69,95606,700],{"class":699},[69,95608,2919],{"class":703},[69,95610,706],{"class":699},[69,95612,689],{"class":79},[20,95614,95615,95616,537],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[533,95617,13,95618,2515],{"href":3600},[15,95619,3603],{},[55,95621,840,95623,95625],{"id":95622},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95624,95238],{}," with decimal places",[20,95627,95628],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[60,95630,95632],{"className":62,"code":95631,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95633,95634,95652],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95635,95636,95638,95640,95642,95644,95646,95648,95650],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95637,172],{"class":128},[69,95639,132],{"class":83},[69,95641,95279],{"class":128},[69,95643,132],{"class":83},[69,95645,95284],{"class":87},[69,95647,91],{"class":83},[69,95649,94],{"class":87},[69,95651,318],{"class":83},[69,95653,95654,95656,95658,95660,95662,95664,95666,95668],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,95655,172],{"class":128},[69,95657,132],{"class":83},[69,95659,95279],{"class":128},[69,95661,132],{"class":83},[69,95663,95284],{"class":87},[69,95665,91],{"class":83},[69,95667,99],{"class":87},[69,95669,318],{"class":83},[20,95671,321],{},[60,95673,95675],{"className":62,"code":95674,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95676,95677,95681],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95678,95679],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95680,40646],{"class":87},[69,95682,95683],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,95684,95685],{"class":87},"3.142\n",[20,95687,95688],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[60,95690,95692],{"className":62,"code":95691,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95693,95694,95703,95722,95726,95736],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95695,95696,95698,95700],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95697,40856],{"class":75},[69,95699,80],{"class":79},[69,95701,95702],{"class":87}," 19.9876\n",[69,95704,95705,95708,95710,95712,95714,95716,95718,95720],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,95706,95707],{"class":75},"rounded_price ",[69,95709,80],{"class":79},[69,95711,95556],{"class":128},[69,95713,132],{"class":83},[69,95715,25837],{"class":146},[69,95717,91],{"class":83},[69,95719,94],{"class":87},[69,95721,166],{"class":83},[69,95723,95724],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,95725,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,95727,95728,95730,95732,95734],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,95729,172],{"class":128},[69,95731,132],{"class":83},[69,95733,25837],{"class":146},[69,95735,166],{"class":83},[69,95737,95738,95740,95742,95745],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,95739,172],{"class":128},[69,95741,132],{"class":83},[69,95743,95744],{"class":146},"rounded_price",[69,95746,166],{"class":83},[20,95748,321],{},[60,95750,95752],{"className":62,"code":95751,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95753,95754,95759],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95755,95756],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95757,95758],{"class":87},"19.9876\n",[69,95760,95761],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,95762,95763],{"class":87},"19.99\n",[20,95765,95766,95767,95770,95771,394,95773,537],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95768,95769],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[533,95772,41361],{"href":41360},[533,95774,13,95775,2515],{"href":3606},[15,95776,3609],{},[55,95778,95780,95781],{"id":95779},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95782,95388],{},[20,95784,95785,95786,95788],{},"A negative ",[15,95787,95388],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[60,95790,95792],{"className":62,"code":95791,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95793,95794,95814,95834],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95795,95796,95798,95800,95802,95804,95806,95808,95810,95812],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95797,172],{"class":128},[69,95799,132],{"class":83},[69,95801,95279],{"class":128},[69,95803,132],{"class":83},[69,95805,95447],{"class":87},[69,95807,91],{"class":83},[69,95809,1979],{"class":79},[69,95811,88],{"class":87},[69,95813,318],{"class":83},[69,95815,95816,95818,95820,95822,95824,95826,95828,95830,95832],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,95817,172],{"class":128},[69,95819,132],{"class":83},[69,95821,95279],{"class":128},[69,95823,132],{"class":83},[69,95825,95447],{"class":87},[69,95827,91],{"class":83},[69,95829,1979],{"class":79},[69,95831,1155],{"class":87},[69,95833,318],{"class":83},[69,95835,95836,95838,95840,95842,95844,95846,95848,95850,95852],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,95837,172],{"class":128},[69,95839,132],{"class":83},[69,95841,95279],{"class":128},[69,95843,132],{"class":83},[69,95845,95447],{"class":87},[69,95847,91],{"class":83},[69,95849,1979],{"class":79},[69,95851,346],{"class":87},[69,95853,318],{"class":83},[20,95855,321],{},[60,95857,95859],{"className":62,"code":95858,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95860,95861,95866,95870],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95862,95863],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95864,95865],{"class":87},"1230\n",[69,95867,95868],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,95869,95476],{"class":87},[69,95871,95872],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,95873,95874],{"class":87},"1000\n",[20,95876,66062],{},[29,95878,95879,95884,95890],{},[32,95880,95881,95883],{},[15,95882,66332],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[32,95885,95886,95889],{},[15,95887,95888],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[32,95891,95892,95894],{},[15,95893,48143],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95896,95897],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[55,95899,95901],{"id":95900},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95903,95904,95905,537],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95906,95907],{},".5",[20,95909,6172],{},[60,95911,95913],{"className":62,"code":95912,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95914,95915,95929],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95916,95917,95919,95921,95923,95925,95927],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95918,172],{"class":128},[69,95920,132],{"class":83},[69,95922,95279],{"class":128},[69,95924,132],{"class":83},[69,95926,41628],{"class":87},[69,95928,318],{"class":83},[69,95930,95931,95933,95935,95937,95939,95941],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,95932,172],{"class":128},[69,95934,132],{"class":83},[69,95936,95279],{"class":128},[69,95938,132],{"class":83},[69,95940,2773],{"class":87},[69,95942,318],{"class":83},[20,95944,321],{},[60,95946,95948],{"className":62,"code":95947,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"2\n4\n",[15,95949,95950,95954],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95951,95952],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95953,17746],{"class":87},[69,95955,95956],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,95957,49123],{"class":87},[20,95959,95960,95961,95964,95965,95967],{},"Python uses ",[42,95962,95963],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95966,95907],{}," situations.",[20,95969,95970],{},"More examples:",[60,95972,95974],{"className":62,"code":95973,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95975,95976,95990,96004,96018],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,95977,95978,95980,95982,95984,95986,95988],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,95979,172],{"class":128},[69,95981,132],{"class":83},[69,95983,95279],{"class":128},[69,95985,132],{"class":83},[69,95987,41641],{"class":87},[69,95989,318],{"class":83},[69,95991,95992,95994,95996,95998,96000,96002],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,95993,172],{"class":128},[69,95995,132],{"class":83},[69,95997,95279],{"class":128},[69,95999,132],{"class":83},[69,96001,41628],{"class":87},[69,96003,318],{"class":83},[69,96005,96006,96008,96010,96012,96014,96016],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,96007,172],{"class":128},[69,96009,132],{"class":83},[69,96011,95279],{"class":128},[69,96013,132],{"class":83},[69,96015,2773],{"class":87},[69,96017,318],{"class":83},[69,96019,96020,96022,96024,96026,96028,96030],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,96021,172],{"class":128},[69,96023,132],{"class":83},[69,96025,95279],{"class":128},[69,96027,132],{"class":83},[69,96029,41593],{"class":87},[69,96031,318],{"class":83},[20,96033,321],{},[60,96035,96037],{"className":62,"code":96036,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,96038,96039,96043,96047,96051],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96040,96041],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96042,17746],{"class":87},[69,96044,96045],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,96046,17746],{"class":87},[69,96048,96049],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,96050,49123],{"class":87},[69,96052,96053],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,96054,49123],{"class":87},[20,96056,96057],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,96059,11400],{},[29,96061,96062,96069],{},[32,96063,96064,2863,96067],{},[15,96065,96066],{},"round(2.5)",[15,96068,1155],{},[32,96070,96071,2863,96074],{},[15,96072,96073],{},"round(3.5)",[15,96075,334],{},[20,96077,3893,96078,96080],{},[15,96079,95907],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[55,96082,96084],{"id":96083},"return-values","Return values",[20,96086,96087,96089],{},[15,96088,95238],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,96091,41375,96092,96094],{},[42,96093,5334],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[60,96096,96098],{"className":62,"code":96097,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,96099,96100,96109,96113,96123,96141],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96101,96102,96104,96106],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96103,3173],{"class":75},[69,96105,80],{"class":79},[69,96107,96108],{"class":87}," 3.14159\n",[69,96110,96111],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,96112,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,96114,96115,96117,96119,96121],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,96116,172],{"class":128},[69,96118,132],{"class":83},[69,96120,3198],{"class":146},[69,96122,166],{"class":83},[69,96124,96125,96127,96129,96131,96133,96135,96137,96139],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,96126,172],{"class":128},[69,96128,132],{"class":83},[69,96130,95279],{"class":128},[69,96132,132],{"class":83},[69,96134,3198],{"class":146},[69,96136,91],{"class":83},[69,96138,94],{"class":87},[69,96140,318],{"class":83},[69,96142,96143,96145,96147,96149],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,96144,172],{"class":128},[69,96146,132],{"class":83},[69,96148,3198],{"class":146},[69,96150,166],{"class":83},[20,96152,321],{},[60,96154,96156],{"className":62,"code":96155,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,96157,96158,96163,96167],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96159,96160],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96161,96162],{"class":87},"3.14159\n",[69,96164,96165],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,96166,40646],{"class":87},[69,96168,96169],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,96170,96162],{"class":87},[20,96172,96173],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[60,96175,96177],{"className":62,"code":96176,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,96178,96179,96187,96205,96209],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96180,96181,96183,96185],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96182,3173],{"class":75},[69,96184,80],{"class":79},[69,96186,96108],{"class":87},[69,96188,96189,96191,96193,96195,96197,96199,96201,96203],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,96190,3173],{"class":75},[69,96192,80],{"class":79},[69,96194,95556],{"class":128},[69,96196,132],{"class":83},[69,96198,3198],{"class":146},[69,96200,91],{"class":83},[69,96202,94],{"class":87},[69,96204,166],{"class":83},[69,96206,96207],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,96208,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,96210,96211,96213,96215,96217],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,96212,172],{"class":128},[69,96214,132],{"class":83},[69,96216,3198],{"class":146},[69,96218,166],{"class":83},[20,96220,321],{},[60,96222,96223],{"className":62,"code":40646,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,96224,96225],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96226,96227],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96228,40646],{"class":87},[55,96230,1373,96232],{"id":96231},"when-to-use-round",[15,96233,95238],{},[20,96235,1378,96236,7013],{},[15,96237,95238],{},[29,96239,96240,96243,96246,96249],{},[32,96241,96242],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[32,96244,96245],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[32,96247,96248],{},"Round values before reporting results",[32,96250,96251],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,96253,6172],{},[60,96255,96257],{"className":62,"code":96256,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,96258,96259,96268],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96260,96261,96263,96265],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96262,3322],{"class":75},[69,96264,80],{"class":79},[69,96266,96267],{"class":87}," 12.67891\n",[69,96269,96270,96272,96274,96276,96278,96280,96282,96284],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,96271,172],{"class":128},[69,96273,132],{"class":83},[69,96275,95279],{"class":128},[69,96277,132],{"class":83},[69,96279,3345],{"class":146},[69,96281,91],{"class":83},[69,96283,94],{"class":87},[69,96285,318],{"class":83},[20,96287,321],{},[60,96289,96291],{"className":62,"code":96290,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"12.68\n",[15,96292,96293],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96294,96295],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96296,96290],{"class":87},[55,96298,1771],{"id":1770},[20,96300,23783,96301,537],{},[15,96302,95238],{},[377,96304,1780,96306,96308,96309,96311],{"id":96305},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,96307,95238],{}," to always round ",[15,96310,95907],{}," upward",[20,96313,96314],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[60,96316,96317],{"className":62,"code":95912,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,96318,96319,96333],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96320,96321,96323,96325,96327,96329,96331],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96322,172],{"class":128},[69,96324,132],{"class":83},[69,96326,95279],{"class":128},[69,96328,132],{"class":83},[69,96330,41628],{"class":87},[69,96332,318],{"class":83},[69,96334,96335,96337,96339,96341,96343,96345],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,96336,172],{"class":128},[69,96338,132],{"class":83},[69,96340,95279],{"class":128},[69,96342,132],{"class":83},[69,96344,2773],{"class":87},[69,96346,318],{"class":83},[20,96348,321],{},[60,96350,96351],{"className":62,"code":95947,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,96352,96353,96357],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96354,96355],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96356,17746],{"class":87},[69,96358,96359],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,96360,49123],{"class":87},[20,96362,96363],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[377,96365,96367],{"id":96366},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,96369,96370,96372],{},[15,96371,95238],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[60,96374,96376],{"className":62,"code":96375,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,96377,96378,96386,96400,96404],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96379,96380,96382,96384],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96381,3173],{"class":75},[69,96383,80],{"class":79},[69,96385,96108],{"class":87},[69,96387,96388,96390,96392,96394,96396,96398],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,96389,95279],{"class":128},[69,96391,132],{"class":83},[69,96393,3198],{"class":146},[69,96395,91],{"class":83},[69,96397,94],{"class":87},[69,96399,166],{"class":83},[69,96401,96402],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,96403,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,96405,96406,96408,96410,96412],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,96407,172],{"class":128},[69,96409,132],{"class":83},[69,96411,3198],{"class":146},[69,96413,166],{"class":83},[20,96415,321],{},[60,96417,96418],{"className":62,"code":96162,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,96419,96420],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96421,96422],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96423,96162],{"class":87},[20,96425,96426],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[60,96428,96430],{"className":62,"code":96429,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,96431,96432],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96433,96434,96436,96438,96440,96442,96444,96446,96448],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96435,3173],{"class":75},[69,96437,80],{"class":79},[69,96439,95556],{"class":128},[69,96441,132],{"class":83},[69,96443,3198],{"class":146},[69,96445,91],{"class":83},[69,96447,94],{"class":87},[69,96449,166],{"class":83},[377,96451,96453],{"id":96452},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,96455,17092],{},[60,96457,96459],{"className":62,"code":96458,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,96460,96461],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96462,96463],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96464,96458],{"class":189},[20,96466,96467],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[60,96469,96471],{"className":62,"code":96470,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,96472,96473,96485,96499,96503],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96474,96475,96477,96479,96481,96483],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96476,35378],{"class":75},[69,96478,80],{"class":79},[69,96480,881],{"class":699},[69,96482,40612],{"class":703},[69,96484,4079],{"class":699},[69,96486,96487,96489,96491,96493,96495,96497],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,96488,1700],{"class":75},[69,96490,80],{"class":79},[69,96492,40724],{"class":177},[69,96494,132],{"class":83},[69,96496,35399],{"class":146},[69,96498,166],{"class":83},[69,96500,96501],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,96502,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,96504,96505,96507,96509,96511,96513,96515,96517,96519],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,96506,172],{"class":128},[69,96508,132],{"class":83},[69,96510,95279],{"class":128},[69,96512,132],{"class":83},[69,96514,1045],{"class":146},[69,96516,91],{"class":83},[69,96518,1263],{"class":87},[69,96520,318],{"class":83},[20,96522,321],{},[60,96524,96526],{"className":62,"code":96525,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"3.1\n",[15,96527,96528],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96529,96530],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96531,96525],{"class":87},[377,96533,96535],{"id":96534},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,96537,96538,96540],{},[15,96539,95238],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,96542,96543,96544,394,96548,537],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[533,96545,96546],{"href":3606},[15,96547,3609],{},[533,96549,96550],{"href":3600},[15,96551,3603],{},[55,96553,2519],{"id":2518},[377,96555,2523,96557,96559,96560,96562],{"id":96556},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96558,95238],{}," always round ",[15,96561,40683],{}," up?",[20,96564,96565],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[377,96567,2523,96569,96571],{"id":96568},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96570,95238],{}," change the original number?",[20,96573,96574],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[377,96576,5871,96578,96580],{"id":96577},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96579,95238],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96582,96583,96584,96586,96587,394,96589,537],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96585,95388],{}," value like ",[15,96588,66332],{},[15,96590,95888],{},[377,96592,2551,96594,96596,96597,3218],{"id":96593},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96595,95238],{}," on a string like ",[15,96598,48567],{},[20,96600,96601,96602,394,96604,537],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96603,3609],{},[15,96605,3603],{},[55,96607,2620],{"id":2619},[29,96609,96610,96616,96622,96626],{},[32,96611,96612],{},[533,96613,13,96614,2515],{"href":3606},[15,96615,3609],{},[32,96617,96618],{},[533,96619,13,96620,2515],{"href":3600},[15,96621,3603],{},[32,96623,96624],{},[533,96625,3146],{"href":3145},[32,96627,96628],{},[533,96629,42651],{"href":41360},[2650,96631,96632],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":96634},[96635,96636,96638,96639,96641,96643,96645,96646,96647,96649,96656,96666],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":95330,"depth":120,"text":96637},"What round() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":95484,"depth":120,"text":96640},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95622,"depth":120,"text":96642},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95779,"depth":120,"text":96644},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95900,"depth":120,"text":95901},{"id":96083,"depth":120,"text":96084},{"id":96231,"depth":120,"text":96648},"When to use round()",{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771,"children":96650},[96651,96653,96654,96655],{"id":96305,"depth":169,"text":96652},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":96366,"depth":169,"text":96367},{"id":96452,"depth":169,"text":96453},{"id":96534,"depth":169,"text":96535},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":96657},[96658,96660,96662,96664],{"id":96556,"depth":169,"text":96659},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96568,"depth":169,"text":96661},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96577,"depth":169,"text":96663},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96593,"depth":169,"text":96665},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":95230,"description":96667},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96674,"title":96675,"body":96676,"description":97861,"extension":2697,"meta":97862,"navigation":272,"path":97863,"seo":97864,"stem":97865,"__hash__":97866},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96677,"toc":97835},[96678,96685,96691,96694,96696,96745,96749,96774,96779,96784,96789,96803,96814,96816,96835,96837,96853,96856,96867,96869,96871,96932,96936,96969,96976,96983,96986,97019,97022,97026,97029,97082,97086,97107,97113,97120,97127,97188,97196,97273,97277,97289,97298,97300,97306,97312,97316,97369,97372,97430,97434,97442,97445,97449,97452,97462,97464,97561,97564,97575,97578,97621,97625,97649,97652,97658,97660,97664,97689,97691,97758,97767,97769,97775,97780,97784,97787,97791,97798,97802,97807,97809,97826,97832],[10,96679,96681,96682,12011],{"id":96680},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96683,96684],{},"add()",[20,96686,96687,96690],{},[15,96688,96689],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96692,96693],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[55,96695,58],{"id":57},[60,96697,96699],{"className":62,"code":96698,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96700,96701,96721,96735],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96702,96703,96705,96707,96709,96711,96713,96715,96717,96719],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96704,76],{"class":75},[69,96706,80],{"class":79},[69,96708,11177],{"class":83},[69,96710,88],{"class":87},[69,96712,91],{"class":83},[69,96714,94],{"class":87},[69,96716,91],{"class":83},[69,96718,99],{"class":87},[69,96720,9994],{"class":83},[69,96722,96723,96725,96727,96729,96731,96733],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,96724,4366],{"class":75},[69,96726,537],{"class":83},[69,96728,82584],{"class":146},[69,96730,132],{"class":83},[69,96732,334],{"class":87},[69,96734,166],{"class":83},[69,96736,96737,96739,96741,96743],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,96738,172],{"class":128},[69,96740,132],{"class":83},[69,96742,4366],{"class":146},[69,96744,166],{"class":83},[20,96746,96747],{},[42,96748,321],{},[60,96750,96752],{"className":62,"code":96751,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96753,96754],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96755,96756,96758,96760,96762,96764,96766,96768,96770,96772],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96757,9964],{"class":83},[69,96759,88],{"class":87},[69,96761,91],{"class":83},[69,96763,94],{"class":87},[69,96765,91],{"class":83},[69,96767,99],{"class":87},[69,96769,91],{"class":83},[69,96771,104],{"class":87},[69,96773,9994],{"class":83},[20,96775,1378,96776,96778],{},[15,96777,96684],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[55,96780,202,96782,205],{"id":96781},"what-setadd-does",[15,96783,96689],{},[20,96785,96786,96788],{},[15,96787,96689],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[29,96790,96791,96794,96797,96800],{},[32,96792,96793],{},"Adds one item to a set",[32,96795,96796],{},"Changes the original set in place",[32,96798,96799],{},"Does not return a new set",[32,96801,96802],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96804,96805,96806,394,96810,537],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[533,96807,96809],{"href":96808},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[533,96811,96813],{"href":96812},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[55,96815,2888],{"id":2887},[60,96817,96819],{"className":62,"code":96818,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96820,96821],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96822,96823,96825,96827,96829,96831,96833],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96824,16358],{"class":75},[69,96826,537],{"class":83},[69,96828,82584],{"class":146},[69,96830,132],{"class":83},[69,96832,23999],{"class":146},[69,96834,166],{"class":83},[20,96836,12148],{},[29,96838,96839,96844,96847],{},[32,96840,56384,96841,96843],{},[15,96842,96684],{}," on an existing set",[32,96845,96846],{},"Pass exactly one item",[32,96848,96849,96850],{},"The item must be ",[42,96851,96852],{},"hashable",[20,96854,96855],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[29,96857,96858,96860,96862,96865],{},[32,96859,56937],{},[32,96861,56940],{},[32,96863,96864],{},"Tuples",[32,96866,41064],{},[55,96868,12165],{"id":12164},[20,96870,12168],{},[60,96872,96874],{"className":62,"code":96873,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96875,96876,96900,96918,96922],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96877,96878,96880,96882,96884,96886,96888,96890,96892,96894,96896,96898],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96879,13768],{"class":75},[69,96881,80],{"class":79},[69,96883,11177],{"class":83},[69,96885,871],{"class":699},[69,96887,13785],{"class":703},[69,96889,871],{"class":699},[69,96891,91],{"class":83},[69,96893,881],{"class":699},[69,96895,13802],{"class":703},[69,96897,871],{"class":699},[69,96899,9994],{"class":83},[69,96901,96902,96904,96906,96908,96910,96912,96914,96916],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,96903,18192],{"class":75},[69,96905,537],{"class":83},[69,96907,82584],{"class":146},[69,96909,132],{"class":83},[69,96911,871],{"class":699},[69,96913,18145],{"class":703},[69,96915,871],{"class":699},[69,96917,166],{"class":83},[69,96919,96920],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,96921,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,96923,96924,96926,96928,96930],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,96925,172],{"class":128},[69,96927,132],{"class":83},[69,96929,18192],{"class":146},[69,96931,166],{"class":83},[20,96933,96934],{},[42,96935,30718],{},[60,96937,96939],{"className":62,"code":96938,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96940,96941],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96942,96943,96945,96947,96949,96951,96953,96955,96957,96959,96961,96963,96965,96967],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96944,9964],{"class":83},[69,96946,706],{"class":699},[69,96948,13785],{"class":703},[69,96950,706],{"class":699},[69,96952,91],{"class":83},[69,96954,700],{"class":699},[69,96956,18145],{"class":703},[69,96958,706],{"class":699},[69,96960,91],{"class":83},[69,96962,700],{"class":699},[69,96964,13802],{"class":703},[69,96966,706],{"class":699},[69,96968,9994],{"class":83},[20,96970,96971,96972,96975],{},"The new value ",[15,96973,96974],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96977,96978,96979,96982],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[42,96980,96981],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96984,96985],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[60,96987,96989],{"className":62,"code":96988,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96990,96991],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,96992,96993,96995,96997,96999,97001,97003,97005,97007,97009,97011,97013,97015,97017],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,96994,9964],{"class":83},[69,96996,706],{"class":699},[69,96998,13802],{"class":703},[69,97000,706],{"class":699},[69,97002,91],{"class":83},[69,97004,700],{"class":699},[69,97006,13785],{"class":703},[69,97008,706],{"class":699},[69,97010,91],{"class":83},[69,97012,700],{"class":699},[69,97014,18145],{"class":703},[69,97016,706],{"class":699},[69,97018,9994],{"class":83},[20,97020,97021],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[55,97023,97025],{"id":97024},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,97027,97028],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[60,97030,97032],{"className":62,"code":97031,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97033,97034,97054,97068,97072],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97035,97036,97038,97040,97042,97044,97046,97048,97050,97052],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97037,76],{"class":75},[69,97039,80],{"class":79},[69,97041,11177],{"class":83},[69,97043,88],{"class":87},[69,97045,91],{"class":83},[69,97047,94],{"class":87},[69,97049,91],{"class":83},[69,97051,99],{"class":87},[69,97053,9994],{"class":83},[69,97055,97056,97058,97060,97062,97064,97066],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,97057,4366],{"class":75},[69,97059,537],{"class":83},[69,97061,82584],{"class":146},[69,97063,132],{"class":83},[69,97065,1155],{"class":87},[69,97067,166],{"class":83},[69,97069,97070],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,97071,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,97073,97074,97076,97078,97080],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,97075,172],{"class":128},[69,97077,132],{"class":83},[69,97079,4366],{"class":146},[69,97081,166],{"class":83},[20,97083,97084],{},[42,97085,321],{},[60,97087,97089],{"className":62,"code":97088,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97090,97091],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97092,97093,97095,97097,97099,97101,97103,97105],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97094,9964],{"class":83},[69,97096,88],{"class":87},[69,97098,91],{"class":83},[69,97100,94],{"class":87},[69,97102,91],{"class":83},[69,97104,99],{"class":87},[69,97106,9994],{"class":83},[20,97108,97109,97110,97112],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,97111,1155],{}," was already present.",[55,97114,97116,11272,97118],{"id":97115},"add-vs-update",[15,97117,96684],{},[15,97119,15646],{},[20,97121,1378,97122,97124,97125,537],{},[15,97123,96684],{}," when you want to add ",[42,97126,53131],{},[60,97128,97130],{"className":62,"code":97129,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,97131,97132,97156,97174,97178],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97133,97134,97136,97138,97140,97142,97144,97146,97148,97150,97152,97154],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97135,36780],{"class":75},[69,97137,80],{"class":79},[69,97139,11177],{"class":83},[69,97141,871],{"class":699},[69,97143,533],{"class":703},[69,97145,871],{"class":699},[69,97147,91],{"class":83},[69,97149,881],{"class":699},[69,97151,5465],{"class":703},[69,97153,871],{"class":699},[69,97155,9994],{"class":83},[69,97157,97158,97160,97162,97164,97166,97168,97170,97172],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,97159,36833],{"class":75},[69,97161,537],{"class":83},[69,97163,82584],{"class":146},[69,97165,132],{"class":83},[69,97167,871],{"class":699},[69,97169,10425],{"class":703},[69,97171,871],{"class":699},[69,97173,166],{"class":83},[69,97175,97176],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,97177,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,97179,97180,97182,97184,97186],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,97181,172],{"class":128},[69,97183,132],{"class":83},[69,97185,36833],{"class":146},[69,97187,166],{"class":83},[20,97189,1378,97190,97124,97192,97195],{},[15,97191,15646],{},[42,97193,97194],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[60,97197,97199],{"className":62,"code":97198,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,97200,97201,97225,97259,97263],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97202,97203,97205,97207,97209,97211,97213,97215,97217,97219,97221,97223],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97204,36780],{"class":75},[69,97206,80],{"class":79},[69,97208,11177],{"class":83},[69,97210,871],{"class":699},[69,97212,533],{"class":703},[69,97214,871],{"class":699},[69,97216,91],{"class":83},[69,97218,881],{"class":699},[69,97220,5465],{"class":703},[69,97222,871],{"class":699},[69,97224,9994],{"class":83},[69,97226,97227,97229,97231,97233,97235,97237,97239,97241,97243,97245,97247,97249,97251,97253,97255,97257],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,97228,36833],{"class":75},[69,97230,537],{"class":83},[69,97232,31153],{"class":146},[69,97234,3710],{"class":83},[69,97236,871],{"class":699},[69,97238,10425],{"class":703},[69,97240,871],{"class":699},[69,97242,91],{"class":83},[69,97244,881],{"class":699},[69,97246,19458],{"class":703},[69,97248,871],{"class":699},[69,97250,91],{"class":83},[69,97252,881],{"class":699},[69,97254,60924],{"class":703},[69,97256,871],{"class":699},[69,97258,618],{"class":83},[69,97260,97261],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,97262,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,97264,97265,97267,97269,97271],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,97266,172],{"class":128},[69,97268,132],{"class":83},[69,97270,36833],{"class":146},[69,97272,166],{"class":83},[377,97274,97276],{"id":97275},"key-difference","Key difference",[29,97278,97279,97284],{},[32,97280,97281,97283],{},[15,97282,96684],{}," adds one item",[32,97285,97286,97288],{},[15,97287,15646],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,97290,97291,97292,537],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[533,97293,97295,97296,11428],{"href":97294},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,97297,15646],{},[55,97299,18108],{"id":18107},[20,97301,97302,1172,97304,537],{},[15,97303,96689],{},[15,97305,1181],{},[20,97307,97308,97309,97311],{},"That means you should ",[42,97310,5334],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[377,97313,97315],{"id":97314},"correct","Correct",[60,97317,97319],{"className":62,"code":97318,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97320,97321,97341,97355,97359],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97322,97323,97325,97327,97329,97331,97333,97335,97337,97339],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97324,16320],{"class":75},[69,97326,80],{"class":79},[69,97328,11177],{"class":83},[69,97330,88],{"class":87},[69,97332,91],{"class":83},[69,97334,94],{"class":87},[69,97336,91],{"class":83},[69,97338,99],{"class":87},[69,97340,9994],{"class":83},[69,97342,97343,97345,97347,97349,97351,97353],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,97344,16358],{"class":75},[69,97346,537],{"class":83},[69,97348,82584],{"class":146},[69,97350,132],{"class":83},[69,97352,334],{"class":87},[69,97354,166],{"class":83},[69,97356,97357],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,97358,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,97360,97361,97363,97365,97367],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,97362,172],{"class":128},[69,97364,132],{"class":83},[69,97366,16358],{"class":146},[69,97368,166],{"class":83},[377,97370,97371],{"id":62246},"Wrong",[60,97373,97375],{"className":62,"code":97374,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97376,97377,97397,97416,97420],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97378,97379,97381,97383,97385,97387,97389,97391,97393,97395],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97380,16320],{"class":75},[69,97382,80],{"class":79},[69,97384,11177],{"class":83},[69,97386,88],{"class":87},[69,97388,91],{"class":83},[69,97390,94],{"class":87},[69,97392,91],{"class":83},[69,97394,99],{"class":87},[69,97396,9994],{"class":83},[69,97398,97399,97401,97403,97406,97408,97410,97412,97414],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,97400,16320],{"class":75},[69,97402,80],{"class":79},[69,97404,97405],{"class":75}," my_set",[69,97407,537],{"class":83},[69,97409,82584],{"class":146},[69,97411,132],{"class":83},[69,97413,334],{"class":87},[69,97415,166],{"class":83},[69,97417,97418],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,97419,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,97421,97422,97424,97426,97428],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,97423,172],{"class":128},[69,97425,132],{"class":83},[69,97427,16358],{"class":146},[69,97429,166],{"class":83},[20,97431,97432],{},[42,97433,321],{},[60,97435,97436],{"className":62,"code":12499,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,97437,97438],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97439,97440],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97441,12499],{"class":1203},[20,97443,97444],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[55,97446,97448],{"id":97447},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,97450,97451],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[29,97453,97454,97456,97458,97460],{},[32,97455,56937],{},[32,97457,56940],{},[32,97459,96864],{},[32,97461,41064],{},[20,97463,234],{},[60,97465,97467],{"className":62,"code":97466,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,97468,97469,97479,97483,97497,97515,97533,97547,97551],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97470,97471,97473,97475,97477],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97472,1252],{"class":75},[69,97474,80],{"class":79},[69,97476,16325],{"class":177},[69,97478,9329],{"class":83},[69,97480,97481],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,97482,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,97484,97485,97487,97489,97491,97493,97495],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,97486,8497],{"class":75},[69,97488,537],{"class":83},[69,97490,82584],{"class":146},[69,97492,132],{"class":83},[69,97494,444],{"class":87},[69,97496,166],{"class":83},[69,97498,97499,97501,97503,97505,97507,97509,97511,97513],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,97500,8497],{"class":75},[69,97502,537],{"class":83},[69,97504,82584],{"class":146},[69,97506,132],{"class":83},[69,97508,871],{"class":699},[69,97510,1275],{"class":703},[69,97512,871],{"class":699},[69,97514,166],{"class":83},[69,97516,97517,97519,97521,97523,97525,97527,97529,97531],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,97518,8497],{"class":75},[69,97520,537],{"class":83},[69,97522,82584],{"class":146},[69,97524,6210],{"class":83},[69,97526,88],{"class":87},[69,97528,91],{"class":83},[69,97530,94],{"class":87},[69,97532,318],{"class":83},[69,97534,97535,97537,97539,97541,97543,97545],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,97536,8497],{"class":75},[69,97538,537],{"class":83},[69,97540,82584],{"class":146},[69,97542,132],{"class":83},[69,97544,224],{"class":1203},[69,97546,166],{"class":83},[69,97548,97549],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,97550,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,97552,97553,97555,97557,97559],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,97554,172],{"class":128},[69,97556,132],{"class":83},[69,97558,8497],{"class":146},[69,97560,166],{"class":83},[20,97562,97563],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[29,97565,97566,97569,97572],{},[32,97567,97568],{},"Lists",[32,97570,97571],{},"Dictionaries",[32,97573,97574],{},"Sets",[20,97576,97577],{},"Example that causes an error:",[60,97579,97581],{"className":62,"code":97580,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97582,97583,97603],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97584,97585,97587,97589,97591,97593,97595,97597,97599,97601],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97586,1252],{"class":75},[69,97588,80],{"class":79},[69,97590,11177],{"class":83},[69,97592,88],{"class":87},[69,97594,91],{"class":83},[69,97596,94],{"class":87},[69,97598,91],{"class":83},[69,97600,99],{"class":87},[69,97602,9994],{"class":83},[69,97604,97605,97607,97609,97611,97613,97615,97617,97619],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,97606,8497],{"class":75},[69,97608,537],{"class":83},[69,97610,82584],{"class":146},[69,97612,3710],{"class":83},[69,97614,334],{"class":87},[69,97616,91],{"class":83},[69,97618,109],{"class":87},[69,97620,618],{"class":83},[20,97622,97623],{},[42,97624,30369],{},[60,97626,97628],{"className":62,"code":97627,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97629,97630],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97631,97632,97634,97636,97639,97641,97643,97645,97647],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97633,3728],{"class":177},[69,97635,143],{"class":83},[69,97637,97638],{"class":75}," unhashable ",[69,97640,641],{"class":177},[69,97642,143],{"class":83},[69,97644,700],{"class":699},[69,97646,178],{"class":703},[69,97648,30388],{"class":699},[20,97650,97651],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97653,97654,97655,537],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97656,97657],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[55,97659,1771],{"id":1770},[20,97661,1774,97662,143],{},[15,97663,96689],{},[29,97665,97666,97671,97676,97679,97686],{},[32,97667,840,97668,97670],{},[15,97669,96684],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[32,97672,1780,97673,97675],{},[15,97674,96684],{}," to return the updated set",[32,97677,97678],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[32,97680,2309,97681,97683,97684],{},[15,97682,96689],{}," with list ",[15,97685,53127],{},[32,97687,97688],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97690,71984],{},[60,97692,97694],{"className":62,"code":97693,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97695,97696,97706,97720,97730,97744],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97697,97698,97700,97702,97704],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97699,172],{"class":128},[69,97701,132],{"class":83},[69,97703,16358],{"class":146},[69,97705,166],{"class":83},[69,97707,97708,97710,97712,97714,97716,97718],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,97709,172],{"class":128},[69,97711,132],{"class":83},[69,97713,641],{"class":177},[69,97715,132],{"class":83},[69,97717,16358],{"class":146},[69,97719,318],{"class":83},[69,97721,97722,97724,97726,97728],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,97723,172],{"class":128},[69,97725,132],{"class":83},[69,97727,3198],{"class":146},[69,97729,166],{"class":83},[69,97731,97732,97734,97736,97738,97740,97742],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,97733,172],{"class":128},[69,97735,132],{"class":83},[69,97737,641],{"class":177},[69,97739,132],{"class":83},[69,97741,3198],{"class":146},[69,97743,318],{"class":83},[69,97745,97746,97748,97750,97752,97754,97756],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,97747,32842],{"class":128},[69,97749,132],{"class":83},[69,97751,6982],{"class":177},[69,97753,537],{"class":83},[69,97755,82584],{"class":25438},[69,97757,166],{"class":83},[20,97759,97760,97761,97763,97764,537],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97762,96689],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[533,97765,53524],{"href":97766},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[55,97768,2519],{"id":2518},[377,97770,2523,97772,97774],{"id":97771},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97773,96689],{}," return a new set?",[20,97776,97777,97778,537],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97779,1181],{},[377,97781,97783],{"id":97782},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97785,97786],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[377,97788,97790],{"id":97789},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97792,1378,97793,11780,97796,537],{},[15,97794,97795],{},"set.update()",[15,97797,96684],{},[377,97799,97801],{"id":97800},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97803,97804,97805,537],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97806,3728],{},[55,97808,2620],{"id":2619},[29,97810,97811,97815,97820],{},[32,97812,97813],{},[533,97814,96809],{"href":96808},[32,97816,97817],{},[533,97818,97819],{"href":96812},"How to create a set in Python",[32,97821,97822],{},[533,97823,97295,97824,11428],{"href":97294},[15,97825,15646],{},[20,97827,97828,97829,97831],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97830,96684],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2650,97833,97834],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":97836},[97837,97838,97840,97841,97842,97843,97847,97851,97852,97853,97860],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":96781,"depth":120,"text":97839},"What set.add() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":12164,"depth":120,"text":12165},{"id":97024,"depth":120,"text":97025},{"id":97115,"depth":120,"text":97844,"children":97845},"add() vs update()",[97846],{"id":97275,"depth":169,"text":97276},{"id":18107,"depth":120,"text":18108,"children":97848},[97849,97850],{"id":97314,"depth":169,"text":97315},{"id":62246,"depth":169,"text":97371},{"id":97447,"depth":120,"text":97448},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":97854},[97855,97857,97858,97859],{"id":97771,"depth":169,"text":97856},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97782,"depth":169,"text":97783},{"id":97789,"depth":169,"text":97790},{"id":97800,"depth":169,"text":97801},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96675,"description":97861},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97868,"title":97869,"body":97870,"description":99039,"extension":2697,"meta":99040,"navigation":272,"path":99041,"seo":99042,"stem":99043,"__hash__":99044},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97871,"toc":99006},[97872,97877,97883,97890,97935,97937,97948,97953,97958,97962,97976,97981,97983,97985,98000,98002,98016,98018,98020,98085,98087,98097,98099,98117,98123,98130,98135,98209,98211,98228,98234,98239,98310,98312,98339,98356,98359,98365,98367,98374,98378,98445,98447,98462,98465,98518,98520,98528,98540,98542,98546,98551,98553,98602,98604,98612,98614,98659,98661,98671,98677,98685,98698,98704,98706,98735,98737,98755,98759,98762,98793,98795,98813,98817,98892,98894,98910,98917,98919,98924,98929,98935,98938,98942,98950,98957,98965,98967,99003],[10,97873,96681,97875,12011],{"id":97874},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97876,12010],{},[20,97878,97879,97882],{},[15,97880,97881],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97884,97885,97886,97889],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[42,97887,97888],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[60,97891,97893],{"className":62,"code":97892,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97894,97895,97915,97925],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97896,97897,97899,97901,97903,97905,97907,97909,97911,97913],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97898,76],{"class":75},[69,97900,80],{"class":79},[69,97902,11177],{"class":83},[69,97904,88],{"class":87},[69,97906,91],{"class":83},[69,97908,94],{"class":87},[69,97910,91],{"class":83},[69,97912,99],{"class":87},[69,97914,9994],{"class":83},[69,97916,97917,97919,97921,97923],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,97918,4366],{"class":75},[69,97920,537],{"class":83},[69,97922,12072],{"class":146},[69,97924,9329],{"class":83},[69,97926,97927,97929,97931,97933],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,97928,172],{"class":128},[69,97930,132],{"class":83},[69,97932,4366],{"class":146},[69,97934,166],{"class":83},[20,97936,321],{},[60,97938,97940],{"className":62,"code":97939,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set()\n",[15,97941,97942],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97943,97944,97946],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97945,6982],{"class":177},[69,97947,9329],{"class":83},[20,97949,97950,97952],{},[15,97951,12010],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[55,97954,202,97956,205],{"id":97955},"what-setclear-does",[15,97957,97881],{},[20,97959,2714,97960,12102],{},[15,97961,12010],{},[29,97963,97964,97967,97969,97973],{},[32,97965,97966],{},"Removes every item from a set",[32,97968,96796],{},[32,97970,12113,97971],{},[15,97972,1181],{},[32,97974,97975],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97977,96805,97978,72083],{},[533,97979,96809],{"href":97980},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[55,97982,2888],{"id":2887},[20,97984,54922],{},[60,97986,97988],{"className":62,"code":97987,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97989,97990],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,97991,97992,97994,97996,97998],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,97993,16358],{"class":75},[69,97995,537],{"class":83},[69,97997,12072],{"class":146},[69,97999,9329],{"class":83},[20,98001,13744],{},[29,98003,98004,98007,98010,98013],{},[32,98005,98006],{},"It takes no arguments",[32,98008,98009],{},"It empties the set",[32,98011,98012],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[32,98014,98015],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[55,98017,12165],{"id":12164},[20,98019,12168],{},[60,98021,98023],{"className":62,"code":98022,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,98024,98025,98057,98061,98071,98075],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98026,98027,98029,98031,98033,98035,98037,98039,98041,98043,98045,98047,98049,98051,98053,98055],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98028,13768],{"class":75},[69,98030,80],{"class":79},[69,98032,11177],{"class":83},[69,98034,871],{"class":699},[69,98036,13785],{"class":703},[69,98038,871],{"class":699},[69,98040,91],{"class":83},[69,98042,881],{"class":699},[69,98044,18145],{"class":703},[69,98046,871],{"class":699},[69,98048,91],{"class":83},[69,98050,881],{"class":699},[69,98052,13802],{"class":703},[69,98054,871],{"class":699},[69,98056,9994],{"class":83},[69,98058,98059],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,98060,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,98062,98063,98065,98067,98069],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,98064,18192],{"class":75},[69,98066,537],{"class":83},[69,98068,12072],{"class":146},[69,98070,9329],{"class":83},[69,98072,98073],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,98074,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,98076,98077,98079,98081,98083],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,98078,172],{"class":128},[69,98080,132],{"class":83},[69,98082,18192],{"class":146},[69,98084,166],{"class":83},[20,98086,321],{},[60,98088,98089],{"className":62,"code":97939,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,98090,98091],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98092,98093,98095],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98094,6982],{"class":177},[69,98096,9329],{"class":83},[20,98098,12374],{},[29,98100,98101,98106,98111],{},[32,98102,98103,98105],{},[15,98104,18192],{}," starts with three values",[32,98107,98108,12387],{},[15,98109,98110],{},"colors.clear()",[32,98112,98113,98114,98116],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,98115,4510],{},", which means an empty set",[55,98118,98120,98122],{"id":98119},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,98121,12010],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,98124,98125,5096,98127,98129],{},[15,98126,12010],{},[15,98128,4510],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[377,98131,840,98133],{"id":98132},"using-clear",[15,98134,12010],{},[60,98136,98138],{"className":62,"code":98137,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,98139,98140,98160,98170,98174,98184,98188,98198],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98141,98142,98144,98146,98148,98150,98152,98154,98156,98158],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98143,1252],{"class":75},[69,98145,80],{"class":79},[69,98147,11177],{"class":83},[69,98149,88],{"class":87},[69,98151,91],{"class":83},[69,98153,94],{"class":87},[69,98155,91],{"class":83},[69,98157,99],{"class":87},[69,98159,9994],{"class":83},[69,98161,98162,98165,98167],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,98163,98164],{"class":75},"other_name ",[69,98166,80],{"class":79},[69,98168,98169],{"class":75}," items\n",[69,98171,98172],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,98173,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,98175,98176,98178,98180,98182],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,98177,8497],{"class":75},[69,98179,537],{"class":83},[69,98181,12072],{"class":146},[69,98183,9329],{"class":83},[69,98185,98186],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,98187,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,98189,98190,98192,98194,98196],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,98191,172],{"class":128},[69,98193,132],{"class":83},[69,98195,8497],{"class":146},[69,98197,166],{"class":83},[69,98199,98200,98202,98204,98207],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,98201,172],{"class":128},[69,98203,132],{"class":83},[69,98205,98206],{"class":146},"other_name",[69,98208,166],{"class":83},[20,98210,321],{},[60,98212,98214],{"className":62,"code":98213,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set()\nset()\n",[15,98215,98216,98222],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98217,98218,98220],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98219,6982],{"class":177},[69,98221,9329],{"class":83},[69,98223,98224,98226],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,98225,6982],{"class":177},[69,98227,9329],{"class":83},[20,98229,98230,98231,537],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[42,98232,98233],{},"same set object",[377,98235,840,98237],{"id":98236},"using-set",[15,98238,4510],{},[60,98240,98242],{"className":62,"code":98241,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,98243,98244,98264,98272,98276,98286,98290,98300],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98245,98246,98248,98250,98252,98254,98256,98258,98260,98262],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98247,1252],{"class":75},[69,98249,80],{"class":79},[69,98251,11177],{"class":83},[69,98253,88],{"class":87},[69,98255,91],{"class":83},[69,98257,94],{"class":87},[69,98259,91],{"class":83},[69,98261,99],{"class":87},[69,98263,9994],{"class":83},[69,98265,98266,98268,98270],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,98267,98164],{"class":75},[69,98269,80],{"class":79},[69,98271,98169],{"class":75},[69,98273,98274],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,98275,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,98277,98278,98280,98282,98284],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,98279,1252],{"class":75},[69,98281,80],{"class":79},[69,98283,16325],{"class":177},[69,98285,9329],{"class":83},[69,98287,98288],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,98289,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,98291,98292,98294,98296,98298],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,98293,172],{"class":128},[69,98295,132],{"class":83},[69,98297,8497],{"class":146},[69,98299,166],{"class":83},[69,98301,98302,98304,98306,98308],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,98303,172],{"class":128},[69,98305,132],{"class":83},[69,98307,98206],{"class":146},[69,98309,166],{"class":83},[20,98311,321],{},[60,98313,98315],{"className":62,"code":98314,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,98316,98317,98323],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98318,98319,98321],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98320,6982],{"class":177},[69,98322,9329],{"class":83},[69,98324,98325,98327,98329,98331,98333,98335,98337],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,98326,9964],{"class":83},[69,98328,88],{"class":87},[69,98330,91],{"class":83},[69,98332,94],{"class":87},[69,98334,91],{"class":83},[69,98336,99],{"class":87},[69,98338,9994],{"class":83},[20,98340,1168,98341,93573,98344,98347,98348,537,98350,98352,98353,98355],{},[15,98342,98343],{},"items = set()",[42,98345,98346],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,98349,8497],{},[10532,98351],{},"\nBut ",[15,98354,98206],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,98357,98358],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,98360,98361,98362,537],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[533,98363,96813],{"href":98364},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[55,98366,18108],{"id":18107},[20,98368,98369,14746,98371,98373],{},[15,98370,12010],{},[42,98372,5334],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,98375,5849,98376,537],{},[15,98377,1181],{},[60,98379,98381],{"className":62,"code":98380,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98382,98383,98403,98407,98421,98425,98435],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98384,98385,98387,98389,98391,98393,98395,98397,98399,98401],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98386,76],{"class":75},[69,98388,80],{"class":79},[69,98390,11177],{"class":83},[69,98392,88],{"class":87},[69,98394,91],{"class":83},[69,98396,94],{"class":87},[69,98398,91],{"class":83},[69,98400,99],{"class":87},[69,98402,9994],{"class":83},[69,98404,98405],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,98406,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,98408,98409,98411,98413,98415,98417,98419],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,98410,123],{"class":75},[69,98412,80],{"class":79},[69,98414,163],{"class":75},[69,98416,537],{"class":83},[69,98418,12072],{"class":146},[69,98420,9329],{"class":83},[69,98422,98423],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,98424,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,98426,98427,98429,98431,98433],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,98428,172],{"class":128},[69,98430,132],{"class":83},[69,98432,183],{"class":146},[69,98434,166],{"class":83},[69,98436,98437,98439,98441,98443],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,98438,172],{"class":128},[69,98440,132],{"class":83},[69,98442,4366],{"class":146},[69,98444,166],{"class":83},[20,98446,321],{},[60,98448,98450],{"className":62,"code":98449,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"None\nset()\n",[15,98451,98452,98456],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98453,98454],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98455,12499],{"class":1203},[69,98457,98458,98460],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,98459,6982],{"class":177},[69,98461,9329],{"class":83},[20,98463,98464],{},"Do not do this:",[60,98466,98468],{"className":62,"code":98467,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98469,98470,98490,98504,98508],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98471,98472,98474,98476,98478,98480,98482,98484,98486,98488],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98473,76],{"class":75},[69,98475,80],{"class":79},[69,98477,11177],{"class":83},[69,98479,88],{"class":87},[69,98481,91],{"class":83},[69,98483,94],{"class":87},[69,98485,91],{"class":83},[69,98487,99],{"class":87},[69,98489,9994],{"class":83},[69,98491,98492,98494,98496,98498,98500,98502],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,98493,76],{"class":75},[69,98495,80],{"class":79},[69,98497,163],{"class":75},[69,98499,537],{"class":83},[69,98501,12072],{"class":146},[69,98503,9329],{"class":83},[69,98505,98506],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,98507,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,98509,98510,98512,98514,98516],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,98511,172],{"class":128},[69,98513,132],{"class":83},[69,98515,4366],{"class":146},[69,98517,166],{"class":83},[20,98519,321],{},[60,98521,98522],{"className":62,"code":12499,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,98523,98524],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98525,98526],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98527,12499],{"class":1203},[20,98529,22878,98530,1172,98532,98534,98535,98537,98538,537],{},[15,98531,55035],{},[15,98533,1181],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,98536,1181],{}," back to ",[15,98539,4366],{},[55,98541,5222],{"id":5221},[20,98543,11435,98544,537],{},[15,98545,97881],{},[377,98547,13286,98549],{"id":98548},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98550,12010],{},[20,98552,2235],{},[60,98554,98556],{"className":62,"code":98555,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98557,98558,98578,98592],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98559,98560,98562,98564,98566,98568,98570,98572,98574,98576],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98561,16320],{"class":75},[69,98563,80],{"class":79},[69,98565,11177],{"class":83},[69,98567,88],{"class":87},[69,98569,91],{"class":83},[69,98571,94],{"class":87},[69,98573,91],{"class":83},[69,98575,99],{"class":87},[69,98577,9994],{"class":83},[69,98579,98580,98582,98584,98586,98588,98590],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,98581,16320],{"class":75},[69,98583,80],{"class":79},[69,98585,97405],{"class":75},[69,98587,537],{"class":83},[69,98589,12072],{"class":146},[69,98591,9329],{"class":83},[69,98593,98594,98596,98598,98600],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,98595,172],{"class":128},[69,98597,132],{"class":83},[69,98599,16358],{"class":146},[69,98601,166],{"class":83},[20,98603,321],{},[60,98605,98606],{"className":62,"code":12499,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,98607,98608],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98609,98610],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98611,12499],{"class":1203},[20,98613,2253],{},[60,98615,98617],{"className":62,"code":98616,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98618,98619,98639,98649],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98620,98621,98623,98625,98627,98629,98631,98633,98635,98637],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98622,16320],{"class":75},[69,98624,80],{"class":79},[69,98626,11177],{"class":83},[69,98628,88],{"class":87},[69,98630,91],{"class":83},[69,98632,94],{"class":87},[69,98634,91],{"class":83},[69,98636,99],{"class":87},[69,98638,9994],{"class":83},[69,98640,98641,98643,98645,98647],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,98642,16358],{"class":75},[69,98644,537],{"class":83},[69,98646,12072],{"class":146},[69,98648,9329],{"class":83},[69,98650,98651,98653,98655,98657],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,98652,172],{"class":128},[69,98654,132],{"class":83},[69,98656,16358],{"class":146},[69,98658,166],{"class":83},[20,98660,321],{},[60,98662,98663],{"className":62,"code":97939,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,98664,98665],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98666,98667,98669],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98668,6982],{"class":177},[69,98670,9329],{"class":83},[377,98672,1780,98674,98676],{"id":98673},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98675,12010],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98678,98679,98681,98682,98684],{},[15,98680,12010],{}," removes ",[42,98683,4431],{}," items from the set.",[20,98686,98687,98688,394,98693,537],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[533,98689,98691],{"href":98690},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98692,56004],{},[533,98694,98696],{"href":98695},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98697,13454],{},[377,98699,840,98701,98703],{"id":98700},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98702,4505],{}," for an empty set",[20,98705,26378],{},[60,98707,98709],{"className":62,"code":98708,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98710,98711,98720],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98712,98713,98716,98718],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98714,98715],{"class":75},"empty_value ",[69,98717,80],{"class":79},[69,98719,10524],{"class":83},[69,98721,98722,98724,98726,98728,98730,98733],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,98723,172],{"class":128},[69,98725,132],{"class":83},[69,98727,641],{"class":177},[69,98729,132],{"class":83},[69,98731,98732],{"class":146},"empty_value",[69,98734,318],{"class":83},[20,98736,321],{},[60,98738,98739],{"className":62,"code":9494,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,98740,98741],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98742,98743,98745,98747,98749,98751,98753],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98744,674],{"class":79},[69,98746,696],{"class":135},[69,98748,700],{"class":699},[69,98750,9507],{"class":703},[69,98752,706],{"class":699},[69,98754,689],{"class":79},[20,98756,98757,9474],{},[15,98758,4505],{},[20,98760,98761],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[60,98763,98765],{"className":62,"code":98764,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98766,98767,98778],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98768,98769,98772,98774,98776],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98770,98771],{"class":75},"empty_set ",[69,98773,80],{"class":79},[69,98775,16325],{"class":177},[69,98777,9329],{"class":83},[69,98779,98780,98782,98784,98786,98788,98791],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,98781,172],{"class":128},[69,98783,132],{"class":83},[69,98785,641],{"class":177},[69,98787,132],{"class":83},[69,98789,98790],{"class":146},"empty_set",[69,98792,318],{"class":83},[20,98794,321],{},[60,98796,98797],{"className":62,"code":9538,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,98798,98799],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98800,98801,98803,98805,98807,98809,98811],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98802,674],{"class":79},[69,98804,696],{"class":135},[69,98806,700],{"class":699},[69,98808,6982],{"class":703},[69,98810,706],{"class":699},[69,98812,689],{"class":79},[377,98814,98816],{"id":98815},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[60,98818,98820],{"className":62,"code":98819,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98821,98822,98846,98854,98858,98868,98872,98882],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98823,98824,98826,98828,98830,98832,98834,98836,98838,98840,98842,98844],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98825,3280],{"class":75},[69,98827,80],{"class":79},[69,98829,11177],{"class":83},[69,98831,871],{"class":699},[69,98833,2904],{"class":703},[69,98835,871],{"class":699},[69,98837,91],{"class":83},[69,98839,881],{"class":699},[69,98841,12436],{"class":703},[69,98843,871],{"class":699},[69,98845,9994],{"class":83},[69,98847,98848,98850,98852],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,98849,3308],{"class":75},[69,98851,80],{"class":79},[69,98853,36865],{"class":75},[69,98855,98856],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,98857,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,98859,98860,98862,98864,98866],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,98861,533],{"class":75},[69,98863,537],{"class":83},[69,98865,12072],{"class":146},[69,98867,9329],{"class":83},[69,98869,98870],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,98871,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,98873,98874,98876,98878,98880],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,98875,172],{"class":128},[69,98877,132],{"class":83},[69,98879,533],{"class":146},[69,98881,166],{"class":83},[69,98883,98884,98886,98888,98890],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,98885,172],{"class":128},[69,98887,132],{"class":83},[69,98889,5465],{"class":146},[69,98891,166],{"class":83},[20,98893,321],{},[60,98895,98896],{"className":62,"code":98213,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,98897,98898,98904],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,98899,98900,98902],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,98901,6982],{"class":177},[69,98903,9329],{"class":83},[69,98905,98906,98908],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,98907,6982],{"class":177},[69,98909,9329],{"class":83},[20,98911,29749,98912,5096,98914,98916],{},[15,98913,533],{},[15,98915,5465],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[55,98918,2519],{"id":2518},[377,98920,2561,98922,5846],{"id":98921},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98923,97881],{},[20,98925,5849,98926,98928],{},[15,98927,1181],{},". It empties the set in place.",[377,98930,2523,98932,98934],{"id":98931},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98933,12010],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98936,98937],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[377,98939,98941],{"id":98940},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98943,98944,98945,98947,98948,537],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98946,12010],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98949,4510],{},[377,98951,5881,98953,5096,98955,3218],{"id":98952},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98954,12010],{},[15,98956,4510],{},[20,98958,98959,98961,98962,98964],{},[15,98960,12010],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98963,4510],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[55,98966,2620],{"id":2619},[29,98968,98969,98973,98977,98984,98990,98996],{},[32,98970,98971],{},[533,98972,96809],{"href":97980},[32,98974,98975],{},[533,98976,97819],{"href":98364},[32,98978,98979],{},[533,98980,97295,98982,11428],{"href":98981},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98983,96684],{},[32,98985,98986],{},[533,98987,97295,98988,11428],{"href":98690},[15,98989,56004],{},[32,98991,98992],{},[533,98993,97295,98994,11428],{"href":98695},[15,98995,13454],{},[32,98997,98998],{},[533,98999,97295,99001,11428],{"href":99000},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,99002,15646],{},[2650,99004,99005],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":99007},[99008,99010,99011,99012,99019,99020,99029,99038],{"id":97955,"depth":120,"text":99009},"What set.clear() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":12164,"depth":120,"text":12165},{"id":98119,"depth":120,"text":99013,"children":99014},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[99015,99017],{"id":98132,"depth":169,"text":99016},"Using clear()",{"id":98236,"depth":169,"text":99018},"Using set()",{"id":18107,"depth":120,"text":18108},{"id":5221,"depth":120,"text":5222,"children":99021},[99022,99024,99026,99028],{"id":98548,"depth":169,"text":99023},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98673,"depth":169,"text":99025},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98700,"depth":169,"text":99027},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98815,"depth":169,"text":98816},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":99030},[99031,99033,99035,99036],{"id":98921,"depth":169,"text":99032},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98931,"depth":169,"text":99034},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98940,"depth":169,"text":98941},{"id":98952,"depth":169,"text":99037},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97869,"description":99039},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":99046,"title":99047,"body":99048,"description":100880,"extension":2697,"meta":100881,"navigation":272,"path":96812,"seo":100882,"stem":100883,"__hash__":100884},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":99049,"toc":100837},[99050,99053,99056,99059,99061,99164,99168,99215,99221,99223,99242,99246,99249,99251,99265,99274,99278,99281,99316,99320,99340,99343,99347,99350,99411,99415,99440,99447,99453,99458,99460,99472,99476,99525,99529,99553,99560,99564,99605,99609,99630,99634,99667,99671,99712,99715,99719,99724,99763,99767,99792,99797,99803,99840,99844,99867,99871,99873,99876,99879,99956,99960,99997,100000,100004,100010,100013,100023,100072,100078,100084,100111,100114,100136,100138,100169,100172,100176,100180,100219,100223,100286,100289,100322,100326,100351,100353,100356,100362,100365,100392,100395,100413,100417,100421,100424,100467,100470,100474,100477,100480,100510,100513,100517,100520,100535,100540,100544,100547,100636,100638,100641,100731,100734,100752,100754,100758,100768,100772,100780,100784,100787,100791,100794,100798,100801,100803,100831,100834],[10,99051,99047],{"id":99052},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,99054,99055],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,99057,99058],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[55,99060,4327],{"id":4326},[60,99062,99064],{"className":62,"code":99063,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99065,99066,99086,99120,99130,99134,99144,99154],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99067,99068,99070,99072,99074,99076,99078,99080,99082,99084],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99069,76],{"class":75},[69,99071,80],{"class":79},[69,99073,11177],{"class":83},[69,99075,88],{"class":87},[69,99077,91],{"class":83},[69,99079,94],{"class":87},[69,99081,91],{"class":83},[69,99083,99],{"class":87},[69,99085,9994],{"class":83},[69,99087,99088,99090,99092,99094,99096,99098,99100,99102,99104,99106,99108,99110,99112,99114,99116,99118],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,99089,864],{"class":75},[69,99091,80],{"class":79},[69,99093,16325],{"class":177},[69,99095,3710],{"class":83},[69,99097,871],{"class":699},[69,99099,874],{"class":703},[69,99101,871],{"class":699},[69,99103,91],{"class":83},[69,99105,881],{"class":699},[69,99107,893],{"class":703},[69,99109,871],{"class":699},[69,99111,91],{"class":83},[69,99113,881],{"class":699},[69,99115,874],{"class":703},[69,99117,871],{"class":699},[69,99119,618],{"class":83},[69,99121,99122,99124,99126,99128],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,99123,98771],{"class":75},[69,99125,80],{"class":79},[69,99127,16325],{"class":177},[69,99129,9329],{"class":83},[69,99131,99132],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,99133,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,99135,99136,99138,99140,99142],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,99137,172],{"class":128},[69,99139,132],{"class":83},[69,99141,4366],{"class":146},[69,99143,166],{"class":83},[69,99145,99146,99148,99150,99152],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,99147,172],{"class":128},[69,99149,132],{"class":83},[69,99151,4817],{"class":146},[69,99153,166],{"class":83},[69,99155,99156,99158,99160,99162],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,99157,172],{"class":128},[69,99159,132],{"class":83},[69,99161,98790],{"class":146},[69,99163,166],{"class":83},[20,99165,99166],{},[42,99167,321],{},[60,99169,99171],{"className":62,"code":99170,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,99172,99173,99189,99209],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99174,99175,99177,99179,99181,99183,99185,99187],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99176,9964],{"class":83},[69,99178,88],{"class":87},[69,99180,91],{"class":83},[69,99182,94],{"class":87},[69,99184,91],{"class":83},[69,99186,99],{"class":87},[69,99188,9994],{"class":83},[69,99190,99191,99193,99195,99197,99199,99201,99203,99205,99207],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,99192,9964],{"class":83},[69,99194,706],{"class":699},[69,99196,893],{"class":703},[69,99198,706],{"class":699},[69,99200,91],{"class":83},[69,99202,700],{"class":699},[69,99204,874],{"class":703},[69,99206,706],{"class":699},[69,99208,9994],{"class":83},[69,99210,99211,99213],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,99212,6982],{"class":177},[69,99214,9329],{"class":83},[20,99216,99217,99218,99220],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,99219,4510],{}," for an empty set.",[55,99222,15855],{"id":15854},[29,99224,99225,99228,99233,99236,99239],{},[32,99226,99227],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[32,99229,99230,99231],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,99232,4510],{},[32,99234,99235],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[32,99237,99238],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[32,99240,99241],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[55,99243,99245],{"id":99244},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,99247,99248],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,99250,31229],{},[29,99252,99253,99256,99259,99262],{},[32,99254,99255],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[32,99257,99258],{},"Sets are unordered",[32,99260,99261],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[32,99263,99264],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,99266,99267,99268,394,99270,537],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[533,99269,96809],{"href":97980},[533,99271,99273],{"href":99272},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[55,99275,99277],{"id":99276},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,99279,99280],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[60,99282,99284],{"className":62,"code":99283,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99285,99286,99306],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99287,99288,99290,99292,99294,99296,99298,99300,99302,99304],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99289,76],{"class":75},[69,99291,80],{"class":79},[69,99293,11177],{"class":83},[69,99295,88],{"class":87},[69,99297,91],{"class":83},[69,99299,94],{"class":87},[69,99301,91],{"class":83},[69,99303,99],{"class":87},[69,99305,9994],{"class":83},[69,99307,99308,99310,99312,99314],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,99309,172],{"class":128},[69,99311,132],{"class":83},[69,99313,4366],{"class":146},[69,99315,166],{"class":83},[20,99317,99318],{},[42,99319,30718],{},[60,99321,99322],{"className":62,"code":97088,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,99323,99324],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99325,99326,99328,99330,99332,99334,99336,99338],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99327,9964],{"class":83},[69,99329,88],{"class":87},[69,99331,91],{"class":83},[69,99333,94],{"class":87},[69,99335,91],{"class":83},[69,99337,99],{"class":87},[69,99339,9994],{"class":83},[20,99341,99342],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[377,99344,99346],{"id":99345},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,99348,99349],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[60,99351,99353],{"className":62,"code":99352,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,99354,99355,99387,99397],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99356,99357,99359,99361,99363,99365,99367,99369,99371,99373,99375,99377,99379,99381,99383,99385],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99358,76],{"class":75},[69,99360,80],{"class":79},[69,99362,11177],{"class":83},[69,99364,88],{"class":87},[69,99366,91],{"class":83},[69,99368,94],{"class":87},[69,99370,91],{"class":83},[69,99372,94],{"class":87},[69,99374,91],{"class":83},[69,99376,99],{"class":87},[69,99378,91],{"class":83},[69,99380,99],{"class":87},[69,99382,91],{"class":83},[69,99384,99],{"class":87},[69,99386,9994],{"class":83},[69,99388,99389,99391,99393,99395],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,99390,172],{"class":128},[69,99392,132],{"class":83},[69,99394,4366],{"class":146},[69,99396,166],{"class":83},[69,99398,99399,99401,99403,99405,99407,99409],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,99400,172],{"class":128},[69,99402,132],{"class":83},[69,99404,11850],{"class":128},[69,99406,132],{"class":83},[69,99408,4366],{"class":146},[69,99410,318],{"class":83},[20,99412,99413],{},[42,99414,30718],{},[60,99416,99418],{"className":62,"code":99417,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,99419,99420,99436],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99421,99422,99424,99426,99428,99430,99432,99434],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99423,9964],{"class":83},[69,99425,88],{"class":87},[69,99427,91],{"class":83},[69,99429,94],{"class":87},[69,99431,91],{"class":83},[69,99433,99],{"class":87},[69,99435,9994],{"class":83},[69,99437,99438],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,99439,47089],{"class":87},[20,99441,21668,99442,5096,99444,99446],{},[15,99443,1155],{},[15,99445,346],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[55,99448,99450,99451],{"id":99449},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,99452,4510],{},[20,99454,1378,99455,99457],{},[15,99456,4510],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,99459,6157],{},[29,99461,99462,99464,99466,99468],{},[32,99463,97568],{},[32,99465,96864],{},[32,99467,56940],{},[32,99469,99470],{},[15,99471,36888],{},[377,99473,99475],{"id":99474},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[60,99477,99479],{"className":62,"code":99478,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99480,99481,99515],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99482,99483,99485,99487,99489,99491,99493,99495,99497,99499,99501,99503,99505,99507,99509,99511,99513],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99484,76],{"class":75},[69,99486,80],{"class":79},[69,99488,16325],{"class":177},[69,99490,3710],{"class":83},[69,99492,88],{"class":87},[69,99494,91],{"class":83},[69,99496,94],{"class":87},[69,99498,91],{"class":83},[69,99500,94],{"class":87},[69,99502,91],{"class":83},[69,99504,99],{"class":87},[69,99506,91],{"class":83},[69,99508,99],{"class":87},[69,99510,91],{"class":83},[69,99512,104],{"class":87},[69,99514,618],{"class":83},[69,99516,99517,99519,99521,99523],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,99518,172],{"class":128},[69,99520,132],{"class":83},[69,99522,4366],{"class":146},[69,99524,166],{"class":83},[20,99526,99527],{},[42,99528,30718],{},[60,99530,99531],{"className":62,"code":96751,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,99532,99533],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99534,99535,99537,99539,99541,99543,99545,99547,99549,99551],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99536,9964],{"class":83},[69,99538,88],{"class":87},[69,99540,91],{"class":83},[69,99542,94],{"class":87},[69,99544,91],{"class":83},[69,99546,99],{"class":87},[69,99548,91],{"class":83},[69,99550,104],{"class":87},[69,99552,9994],{"class":83},[20,99554,99555,99556,537],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[533,99557,99559],{"href":99558},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[377,99561,99563],{"id":99562},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[60,99565,99567],{"className":62,"code":99566,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99568,99569,99595],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99570,99571,99573,99575,99577,99579,99581,99583,99585,99587,99589,99591,99593],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99572,4536],{"class":75},[69,99574,80],{"class":79},[69,99576,16325],{"class":177},[69,99578,6210],{"class":83},[69,99580,444],{"class":87},[69,99582,91],{"class":83},[69,99584,454],{"class":87},[69,99586,91],{"class":83},[69,99588,454],{"class":87},[69,99590,91],{"class":83},[69,99592,8482],{"class":87},[69,99594,318],{"class":83},[69,99596,99597,99599,99601,99603],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,99598,172],{"class":128},[69,99600,132],{"class":83},[69,99602,6059],{"class":146},[69,99604,166],{"class":83},[20,99606,99607],{},[42,99608,30718],{},[60,99610,99612],{"className":62,"code":99611,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99613,99614],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99615,99616,99618,99620,99622,99624,99626,99628],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99617,9964],{"class":83},[69,99619,444],{"class":87},[69,99621,91],{"class":83},[69,99623,454],{"class":87},[69,99625,91],{"class":83},[69,99627,8482],{"class":87},[69,99629,9994],{"class":83},[377,99631,99633],{"id":99632},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[60,99635,99637],{"className":62,"code":99636,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99638,99639,99657],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99640,99641,99643,99645,99647,99649,99651,99653,99655],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99642,36780],{"class":75},[69,99644,80],{"class":79},[69,99646,16325],{"class":177},[69,99648,132],{"class":83},[69,99650,871],{"class":699},[69,99652,1275],{"class":703},[69,99654,871],{"class":699},[69,99656,166],{"class":83},[69,99658,99659,99661,99663,99665],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,99660,172],{"class":128},[69,99662,132],{"class":83},[69,99664,36833],{"class":146},[69,99666,166],{"class":83},[20,99668,99669],{},[42,99670,30718],{},[60,99672,99674],{"className":62,"code":99673,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99675,99676],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99677,99678,99680,99682,99684,99686,99688,99690,99692,99694,99696,99698,99700,99702,99704,99706,99708,99710],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99679,9964],{"class":83},[69,99681,706],{"class":699},[69,99683,60915],{"class":703},[69,99685,706],{"class":699},[69,99687,91],{"class":83},[69,99689,700],{"class":699},[69,99691,60924],{"class":703},[69,99693,706],{"class":699},[69,99695,91],{"class":83},[69,99697,700],{"class":699},[69,99699,60933],{"class":703},[69,99701,706],{"class":699},[69,99703,91],{"class":83},[69,99705,700],{"class":699},[69,99707,60950],{"class":703},[69,99709,706],{"class":699},[69,99711,9994],{"class":83},[20,99713,99714],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[55,99716,99718],{"id":99717},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99720,99721,99722,537],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99723,4510],{},[60,99725,99727],{"className":62,"code":99726,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99728,99729,99739,99749],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99730,99731,99733,99735,99737],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99732,98771],{"class":75},[69,99734,80],{"class":79},[69,99736,16325],{"class":177},[69,99738,9329],{"class":83},[69,99740,99741,99743,99745,99747],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,99742,172],{"class":128},[69,99744,132],{"class":83},[69,99746,98790],{"class":146},[69,99748,166],{"class":83},[69,99750,99751,99753,99755,99757,99759,99761],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,99752,172],{"class":128},[69,99754,132],{"class":83},[69,99756,641],{"class":177},[69,99758,132],{"class":83},[69,99760,98790],{"class":146},[69,99762,318],{"class":83},[20,99764,99765],{},[42,99766,321],{},[60,99768,99770],{"className":62,"code":99769,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99771,99772,99778],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99773,99774,99776],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99775,6982],{"class":177},[69,99777,9329],{"class":83},[69,99779,99780,99782,99784,99786,99788,99790],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,99781,674],{"class":79},[69,99783,696],{"class":135},[69,99785,700],{"class":699},[69,99787,6982],{"class":703},[69,99789,706],{"class":699},[69,99791,689],{"class":79},[377,99793,44900,99795],{"id":99794},"do-not-use",[15,99796,4505],{},[20,99798,99799,99800,99802],{},"Empty braces do ",[42,99801,5334],{}," create a set.",[60,99804,99806],{"className":62,"code":99805,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99807,99808,99816,99826],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99809,99810,99812,99814],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99811,98715],{"class":75},[69,99813,80],{"class":79},[69,99815,10524],{"class":83},[69,99817,99818,99820,99822,99824],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,99819,172],{"class":128},[69,99821,132],{"class":83},[69,99823,98732],{"class":146},[69,99825,166],{"class":83},[69,99827,99828,99830,99832,99834,99836,99838],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,99829,172],{"class":128},[69,99831,132],{"class":83},[69,99833,641],{"class":177},[69,99835,132],{"class":83},[69,99837,98732],{"class":146},[69,99839,318],{"class":83},[20,99841,99842],{},[42,99843,321],{},[60,99845,99847],{"className":62,"code":99846,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99848,99849,99853],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99850,99851],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99852,10120],{"class":83},[69,99854,99855,99857,99859,99861,99863,99865],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,99856,674],{"class":79},[69,99858,696],{"class":135},[69,99860,700],{"class":699},[69,99862,9507],{"class":703},[69,99864,706],{"class":699},[69,99866,689],{"class":79},[20,99868,99869,9474],{},[15,99870,4505],{},[55,99872,72747],{"id":72746},[20,99874,99875],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99877,99878],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[60,99880,99882],{"className":62,"code":99881,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99883,99884,99932,99942],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99885,99886,99888,99890,99892,99894,99896,99898,99900,99902,99904,99906,99908,99910,99912,99914,99916,99918,99920,99922,99924,99926,99928,99930],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99887,864],{"class":75},[69,99889,80],{"class":79},[69,99891,11177],{"class":83},[69,99893,871],{"class":699},[69,99895,874],{"class":703},[69,99897,871],{"class":699},[69,99899,91],{"class":83},[69,99901,881],{"class":699},[69,99903,893],{"class":703},[69,99905,871],{"class":699},[69,99907,91],{"class":83},[69,99909,881],{"class":699},[69,99911,874],{"class":703},[69,99913,871],{"class":699},[69,99915,91],{"class":83},[69,99917,881],{"class":699},[69,99919,874],{"class":703},[69,99921,871],{"class":699},[69,99923,91],{"class":83},[69,99925,881],{"class":699},[69,99927,33911],{"class":703},[69,99929,871],{"class":699},[69,99931,9994],{"class":83},[69,99933,99934,99936,99938,99940],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,99935,172],{"class":128},[69,99937,132],{"class":83},[69,99939,4817],{"class":146},[69,99941,166],{"class":83},[69,99943,99944,99946,99948,99950,99952,99954],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,99945,172],{"class":128},[69,99947,132],{"class":83},[69,99949,11850],{"class":128},[69,99951,132],{"class":83},[69,99953,4817],{"class":146},[69,99955,318],{"class":83},[20,99957,99958],{},[42,99959,30718],{},[60,99961,99963],{"className":62,"code":99962,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99964,99965,99993],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,99966,99967,99969,99971,99973,99975,99977,99979,99981,99983,99985,99987,99989,99991],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,99968,9964],{"class":83},[69,99970,706],{"class":699},[69,99972,893],{"class":703},[69,99974,706],{"class":699},[69,99976,91],{"class":83},[69,99978,700],{"class":699},[69,99980,33911],{"class":703},[69,99982,706],{"class":699},[69,99984,91],{"class":83},[69,99986,700],{"class":699},[69,99988,874],{"class":703},[69,99990,706],{"class":699},[69,99992,9994],{"class":83},[69,99994,99995],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,99996,47089],{"class":87},[20,99998,99999],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[55,100001,100003],{"id":100002},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,100005,100006,100007,100009],{},"Set items must be ",[42,100008,96852],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,100011,100012],{},"These usually work:",[29,100014,100015,100017,100019,100021],{},[32,100016,56937],{},[32,100018,56940],{},[32,100020,96864],{},[32,100022,41064],{},[60,100024,100026],{"className":62,"code":100025,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,100027,100028,100062],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100029,100030,100032,100034,100036,100038,100040,100042,100044,100046,100048,100050,100052,100054,100056,100058,100060],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100031,4536],{"class":75},[69,100033,80],{"class":79},[69,100035,11177],{"class":83},[69,100037,88],{"class":87},[69,100039,91],{"class":83},[69,100041,881],{"class":699},[69,100043,874],{"class":703},[69,100045,871],{"class":699},[69,100047,91],{"class":83},[69,100049,441],{"class":83},[69,100051,444],{"class":87},[69,100053,91],{"class":83},[69,100055,454],{"class":87},[69,100057,9920],{"class":83},[69,100059,1287],{"class":1203},[69,100061,9994],{"class":83},[69,100063,100064,100066,100068,100070],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,100065,172],{"class":128},[69,100067,132],{"class":83},[69,100069,6059],{"class":146},[69,100071,166],{"class":83},[20,100073,100074,100075,100077],{},"These do ",[42,100076,5334],{}," work directly:",[29,100079,100080,100082],{},[32,100081,97568],{},[32,100083,97571],{},[60,100085,100087],{"className":62,"code":100086,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,100088,100089],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100090,100091,100094,100096,100099,100101,100103,100105,100107,100109],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100092,100093],{"class":75},"bad_set ",[69,100095,80],{"class":79},[69,100097,100098],{"class":83}," {[",[69,100100,88],{"class":87},[69,100102,91],{"class":83},[69,100104,94],{"class":87},[69,100106,91],{"class":83},[69,100108,99],{"class":87},[69,100110,14398],{"class":83},[20,100112,100113],{},"This raises an error:",[60,100115,100116],{"className":62,"code":97627,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,100117,100118],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100119,100120,100122,100124,100126,100128,100130,100132,100134],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100121,3728],{"class":177},[69,100123,143],{"class":83},[69,100125,97638],{"class":75},[69,100127,641],{"class":177},[69,100129,143],{"class":83},[69,100131,700],{"class":699},[69,100133,178],{"class":703},[69,100135,30388],{"class":699},[20,100137,52554],{},[60,100139,100141],{"className":62,"code":100140,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,100142,100143],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100144,100145,100147,100149,100152,100154,100156,100158,100160,100162,100164,100166],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100146,100093],{"class":75},[69,100148,80],{"class":79},[69,100150,100151],{"class":83}," {{",[69,100153,871],{"class":699},[69,100155,8356],{"class":703},[69,100157,871],{"class":699},[69,100159,143],{"class":83},[69,100161,881],{"class":699},[69,100163,8365],{"class":703},[69,100165,871],{"class":699},[69,100167,100168],{"class":83},"}}\n",[20,100170,100171],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[55,100173,100175],{"id":100174},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[377,100177,100179],{"id":100178},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[60,100181,100183],{"className":62,"code":100182,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100184,100185,100209],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100186,100187,100189,100191,100193,100195,100197,100199,100201,100203,100205,100207],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100188,76],{"class":75},[69,100190,80],{"class":79},[69,100192,11177],{"class":83},[69,100194,88],{"class":87},[69,100196,91],{"class":83},[69,100198,94],{"class":87},[69,100200,91],{"class":83},[69,100202,99],{"class":87},[69,100204,91],{"class":83},[69,100206,104],{"class":87},[69,100208,9994],{"class":83},[69,100210,100211,100213,100215,100217],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,100212,172],{"class":128},[69,100214,132],{"class":83},[69,100216,4366],{"class":146},[69,100218,166],{"class":83},[377,100220,100222],{"id":100221},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[60,100224,100226],{"className":62,"code":100225,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,100227,100228,100256,100271,100275],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100229,100230,100232,100234,100236,100238,100240,100242,100244,100246,100248,100250,100252,100254],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100231,1252],{"class":75},[69,100233,80],{"class":79},[69,100235,84],{"class":83},[69,100237,88],{"class":87},[69,100239,91],{"class":83},[69,100241,1263],{"class":87},[69,100243,91],{"class":83},[69,100245,94],{"class":87},[69,100247,91],{"class":83},[69,100249,99],{"class":87},[69,100251,91],{"class":83},[69,100253,99],{"class":87},[69,100255,117],{"class":83},[69,100257,100258,100261,100263,100265,100267,100269],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,100259,100260],{"class":75},"unique_items ",[69,100262,80],{"class":79},[69,100264,16325],{"class":177},[69,100266,132],{"class":83},[69,100268,8497],{"class":146},[69,100270,166],{"class":83},[69,100272,100273],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,100274,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,100276,100277,100279,100281,100284],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,100278,172],{"class":128},[69,100280,132],{"class":83},[69,100282,100283],{"class":146},"unique_items",[69,100285,166],{"class":83},[377,100287,99633],{"id":100288},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[60,100290,100292],{"className":62,"code":100291,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,100293,100294,100312],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100295,100296,100298,100300,100302,100304,100306,100308,100310],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100297,36780],{"class":75},[69,100299,80],{"class":79},[69,100301,16325],{"class":177},[69,100303,132],{"class":83},[69,100305,871],{"class":699},[69,100307,893],{"class":703},[69,100309,871],{"class":699},[69,100311,166],{"class":83},[69,100313,100314,100316,100318,100320],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,100315,172],{"class":128},[69,100317,132],{"class":83},[69,100319,36833],{"class":146},[69,100321,166],{"class":83},[377,100323,100325],{"id":100324},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[60,100327,100329],{"className":62,"code":100328,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,100330,100331,100341],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100332,100333,100335,100337,100339],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100334,98771],{"class":75},[69,100336,80],{"class":79},[69,100338,16325],{"class":177},[69,100340,9329],{"class":83},[69,100342,100343,100345,100347,100349],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,100344,172],{"class":128},[69,100346,132],{"class":83},[69,100348,98790],{"class":146},[69,100350,166],{"class":83},[55,100352,1771],{"id":1770},[20,100354,100355],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[377,100357,840,100359,100361],{"id":100358},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,100360,4505],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,100363,100364],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[60,100366,100368],{"className":62,"code":100367,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,100369,100370,100378],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100371,100372,100374,100376],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100373,3173],{"class":75},[69,100375,80],{"class":79},[69,100377,10524],{"class":83},[69,100379,100380,100382,100384,100386,100388,100390],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,100381,172],{"class":128},[69,100383,132],{"class":83},[69,100385,641],{"class":177},[69,100387,132],{"class":83},[69,100389,3198],{"class":146},[69,100391,318],{"class":83},[20,100393,100394],{},"This prints:",[60,100396,100397],{"className":62,"code":9494,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,100398,100399],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100400,100401,100403,100405,100407,100409,100411],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100402,674],{"class":79},[69,100404,696],{"class":135},[69,100406,700],{"class":699},[69,100408,9507],{"class":703},[69,100410,706],{"class":699},[69,100412,689],{"class":79},[20,100414,1378,100415,7319],{},[15,100416,4510],{},[377,100418,100420],{"id":100419},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,100422,100423],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[60,100425,100427],{"className":62,"code":100426,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100428,100429,100457],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100430,100431,100433,100435,100437,100439,100441,100443,100445,100447,100449,100451,100453,100455],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100432,76],{"class":75},[69,100434,80],{"class":79},[69,100436,11177],{"class":83},[69,100438,88],{"class":87},[69,100440,91],{"class":83},[69,100442,1263],{"class":87},[69,100444,91],{"class":83},[69,100446,94],{"class":87},[69,100448,91],{"class":83},[69,100450,94],{"class":87},[69,100452,91],{"class":83},[69,100454,99],{"class":87},[69,100456,9994],{"class":83},[69,100458,100459,100461,100463,100465],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,100460,172],{"class":128},[69,100462,132],{"class":83},[69,100464,4366],{"class":146},[69,100466,166],{"class":83},[20,100468,100469],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[377,100471,100473],{"id":100472},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,100475,100476],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,100478,100479],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[60,100481,100483],{"className":62,"code":100482,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,100484,100485,100505],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100486,100487,100489,100491,100493,100495,100497,100499,100501,100503],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100488,76],{"class":75},[69,100490,80],{"class":79},[69,100492,11177],{"class":83},[69,100494,444],{"class":87},[69,100496,91],{"class":83},[69,100498,454],{"class":87},[69,100500,91],{"class":83},[69,100502,8482],{"class":87},[69,100504,9994],{"class":83},[69,100506,100507],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,100508,100509],{"class":189},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,100511,100512],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[377,100514,100516],{"id":100515},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,100518,100519],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[60,100521,100523],{"className":62,"code":100522,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,100524,100525,100530],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100526,100527],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100528,100529],{"class":189},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[69,100531,100532],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,100533,100534],{"class":189},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,100536,100537,100538,537],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,100539,3728],{},[377,100541,100543],{"id":100542},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,100545,100546],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[60,100548,100550],{"className":62,"code":100549,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100551,100552,100572,100604,100608,100622],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100553,100554,100556,100558,100560,100562,100564,100566,100568,100570],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100555,16320],{"class":75},[69,100557,80],{"class":79},[69,100559,11177],{"class":83},[69,100561,88],{"class":87},[69,100563,91],{"class":83},[69,100565,94],{"class":87},[69,100567,91],{"class":83},[69,100569,99],{"class":87},[69,100571,9994],{"class":83},[69,100573,100574,100576,100578,100580,100582,100584,100586,100588,100590,100592,100594,100596,100598,100600,100602],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,100575,12415],{"class":75},[69,100577,80],{"class":79},[69,100579,11177],{"class":83},[69,100581,871],{"class":699},[69,100583,533],{"class":703},[69,100585,871],{"class":699},[69,100587,143],{"class":83},[69,100589,1263],{"class":87},[69,100591,91],{"class":83},[69,100593,881],{"class":699},[69,100595,5465],{"class":703},[69,100597,871],{"class":699},[69,100599,143],{"class":83},[69,100601,94],{"class":87},[69,100603,9994],{"class":83},[69,100605,100606],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,100607,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,100609,100610,100612,100614,100616,100618,100620],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,100611,172],{"class":128},[69,100613,132],{"class":83},[69,100615,641],{"class":177},[69,100617,132],{"class":83},[69,100619,16358],{"class":146},[69,100621,318],{"class":83},[69,100623,100624,100626,100628,100630,100632,100634],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,100625,172],{"class":128},[69,100627,132],{"class":83},[69,100629,641],{"class":177},[69,100631,132],{"class":83},[69,100633,12139],{"class":146},[69,100635,318],{"class":83},[55,100637,93264],{"id":93263},[20,100639,100640],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[60,100642,100644],{"className":62,"code":100643,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100645,100646,100672,100676,100690,100700,100714,100721],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100647,100648,100650,100652,100654,100656,100658,100660,100662,100664,100666,100668,100670],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100649,16320],{"class":75},[69,100651,80],{"class":79},[69,100653,16325],{"class":177},[69,100655,3710],{"class":83},[69,100657,88],{"class":87},[69,100659,91],{"class":83},[69,100661,94],{"class":87},[69,100663,91],{"class":83},[69,100665,94],{"class":87},[69,100667,91],{"class":83},[69,100669,99],{"class":87},[69,100671,618],{"class":83},[69,100673,100674],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,100675,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,100677,100678,100680,100682,100684,100686,100688],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,100679,172],{"class":128},[69,100681,132],{"class":83},[69,100683,641],{"class":177},[69,100685,132],{"class":83},[69,100687,16358],{"class":146},[69,100689,318],{"class":83},[69,100691,100692,100694,100696,100698],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,100693,172],{"class":128},[69,100695,132],{"class":83},[69,100697,16358],{"class":146},[69,100699,166],{"class":83},[69,100701,100702,100704,100706,100708,100710,100712],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,100703,172],{"class":128},[69,100705,132],{"class":83},[69,100707,11850],{"class":128},[69,100709,132],{"class":83},[69,100711,16358],{"class":146},[69,100713,318],{"class":83},[69,100715,100716,100718],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,100717,172],{"class":128},[69,100719,100720],{"class":83},"({})\n",[69,100722,100723,100725,100727,100729],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,100724,172],{"class":128},[69,100726,132],{"class":83},[69,100728,6982],{"class":177},[69,100730,7882],{"class":83},[20,100732,100733],{},"Use these to confirm:",[29,100735,100736,100739,100742,100745],{},[32,100737,100738],{},"The object type",[32,100740,100741],{},"The actual values stored",[32,100743,100744],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[32,100746,100747,100748,5096,100750],{},"The difference between ",[15,100749,4505],{},[15,100751,4510],{},[55,100753,2519],{"id":2518},[377,100755,100757],{"id":100756},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100759,100760,100761,100764,100765,100767],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100762,100763],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100766,4510],{}," with another iterable.",[377,100769,100771],{"id":100770},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100773,1378,100774,100776,100777,100779],{},[15,100775,4510],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100778,4505],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[377,100781,100783],{"id":100782},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100785,100786],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[377,100788,100790],{"id":100789},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100792,100793],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[377,100795,100797],{"id":100796},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100799,100800],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[55,100802,2620],{"id":2619},[29,100804,100805,100809,100815,100821,100826],{},[32,100806,100807],{},[533,100808,96809],{"href":97980},[32,100810,100811],{},[533,100812,13,100813,11428],{"href":98981},[15,100814,96689],{},[32,100816,100817],{},[533,100818,13,100819,11428],{"href":99000},[15,100820,97795],{},[32,100822,100823],{},[533,100824,100825],{"href":99558},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[32,100827,100828],{},[533,100829,100830],{"href":99272},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100832,100833],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2650,100835,100836],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":100838},[100839,100840,100841,100842,100845,100851,100855,100856,100857,100863,100871,100872,100879],{"id":4326,"depth":120,"text":4327},{"id":15854,"depth":120,"text":15855},{"id":99244,"depth":120,"text":99245},{"id":99276,"depth":120,"text":99277,"children":100843},[100844],{"id":99345,"depth":169,"text":99346},{"id":99449,"depth":120,"text":100846,"children":100847},"Create a set with set()",[100848,100849,100850],{"id":99474,"depth":169,"text":99475},{"id":99562,"depth":169,"text":99563},{"id":99632,"depth":169,"text":99633},{"id":99717,"depth":120,"text":99718,"children":100852},[100853],{"id":99794,"depth":169,"text":100854},"Do not use {}",{"id":72746,"depth":120,"text":72747},{"id":100002,"depth":120,"text":100003},{"id":100174,"depth":120,"text":100175,"children":100858},[100859,100860,100861,100862],{"id":100178,"depth":169,"text":100179},{"id":100221,"depth":169,"text":100222},{"id":100288,"depth":169,"text":99633},{"id":100324,"depth":169,"text":100325},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771,"children":100864},[100865,100867,100868,100869,100870],{"id":100358,"depth":169,"text":100866},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100419,"depth":169,"text":100420},{"id":100472,"depth":169,"text":100473},{"id":100515,"depth":169,"text":100516},{"id":100542,"depth":169,"text":100543},{"id":93263,"depth":120,"text":93264},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":100873},[100874,100875,100876,100877,100878],{"id":100756,"depth":169,"text":100757},{"id":100770,"depth":169,"text":100771},{"id":100782,"depth":169,"text":100783},{"id":100789,"depth":169,"text":100790},{"id":100796,"depth":169,"text":100797},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":99047,"description":100880},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100886,"title":100887,"body":100888,"description":103319,"extension":2697,"meta":103320,"navigation":272,"path":103321,"seo":103322,"stem":103323,"__hash__":103324},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100889,"toc":103284},[100890,100896,100902,100905,100907,100984,100986,101003,101013,101015,101020,101028,101030,101046,101050,101052,101054,101057,101078,101081,101105,101111,101113,101210,101212,101229,101239,101241,101243,101251,101253,101264,101266,101357,101359,101383,101394,101396,101398,101401,101531,101533,101606,101608,101629,101632,101634,101640,101645,101648,101775,101777,101794,101797,101799,101807,101810,101814,101822,101913,101915,101952,101957,101964,102041,102043,102059,102064,102069,102071,102080,102088,102169,102171,102200,102203,102207,102218,102221,102304,102306,102327,102333,102335,102337,102341,102345,102352,102417,102419,102439,102442,102511,102513,102529,102533,102539,102551,102559,102561,102646,102648,102677,102680,102684,102689,102691,102741,102744,102825,102827,102843,102847,102850,102925,102928,102932,102935,103012,103014,103047,103053,103057,103060,103195,103197,103211,103213,103215,103221,103224,103231,103239,103245,103248,103252,103255,103257,103259,103281],[10,100891,96681,100893,12011],{"id":100892},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100894,100895],{},"difference()",[20,100897,100898,100901],{},[15,100899,100900],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100903,100904],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[55,100906,4327],{"id":4326},[60,100908,100910],{"className":62,"code":100909,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100911,100912,100936,100956,100974],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100913,100914,100916,100918,100920,100922,100924,100926,100928,100930,100932,100934],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100915,3280],{"class":75},[69,100917,80],{"class":79},[69,100919,11177],{"class":83},[69,100921,88],{"class":87},[69,100923,91],{"class":83},[69,100925,94],{"class":87},[69,100927,91],{"class":83},[69,100929,99],{"class":87},[69,100931,91],{"class":83},[69,100933,104],{"class":87},[69,100935,9994],{"class":83},[69,100937,100938,100940,100942,100944,100946,100948,100950,100952,100954],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,100939,3308],{"class":75},[69,100941,80],{"class":79},[69,100943,11177],{"class":83},[69,100945,346],{"class":87},[69,100947,91],{"class":83},[69,100949,104],{"class":87},[69,100951,91],{"class":83},[69,100953,109],{"class":87},[69,100955,9994],{"class":83},[69,100957,100958,100960,100962,100964,100966,100968,100970,100972],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,100959,123],{"class":75},[69,100961,80],{"class":79},[69,100963,57363],{"class":75},[69,100965,537],{"class":83},[69,100967,3538],{"class":146},[69,100969,132],{"class":83},[69,100971,5465],{"class":146},[69,100973,166],{"class":83},[69,100975,100976,100978,100980,100982],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,100977,172],{"class":128},[69,100979,132],{"class":83},[69,100981,183],{"class":146},[69,100983,166],{"class":83},[20,100985,321],{},[60,100987,100989],{"className":62,"code":100988,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100990,100991],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,100992,100993,100995,100997,100999,101001],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,100994,9964],{"class":83},[69,100996,88],{"class":87},[69,100998,91],{"class":83},[69,101000,94],{"class":87},[69,101002,9994],{"class":83},[20,101004,101005,101007,101008,101010,101011,537],{},[15,101006,100895],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,101009,533],{}," that are not in ",[15,101012,5465],{},[45388,101014],{},[55,101016,202,101018,205],{"id":101017},"what-difference-does",[15,101019,100895],{},[20,101021,2714,101022,101024,101025,101027],{},[15,101023,100895],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[42,101026,5334],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,101029,13744],{},[29,101031,101032,101037,101040,101043],{},[32,101033,101034,101036],{},[15,101035,100895],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[32,101038,101039],{},"It creates a new set",[32,101041,101042],{},"It does not change the original set",[32,101044,101045],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,101047,96805,101048,537],{},[533,101049,96809],{"href":97980},[45388,101051],{},[55,101053,2888],{"id":2887},[20,101055,101056],{},"Use this form:",[60,101058,101060],{"className":62,"code":101059,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,101061,101062],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101063,101064,101067,101069,101071,101073,101076],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101065,101066],{"class":75},"set1",[69,101068,537],{"class":83},[69,101070,3538],{"class":146},[69,101072,132],{"class":83},[69,101074,101075],{"class":146},"set2",[69,101077,166],{"class":83},[20,101079,101080],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[60,101082,101084],{"className":62,"code":101083,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,101085,101086],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101087,101088,101090,101092,101094,101096,101098,101100,101103],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101089,101066],{"class":75},[69,101091,537],{"class":83},[69,101093,3538],{"class":146},[69,101095,132],{"class":83},[69,101097,101075],{"class":146},[69,101099,91],{"class":83},[69,101101,101102],{"class":146}," set3",[69,101104,166],{"class":83},[20,101106,101107,101108,101110],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[42,101109,6054],{}," of the other sets.",[20,101112,234],{},[60,101114,101116],{"className":62,"code":101115,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101117,101118,101146,101162,101174,101178,101200],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101119,101120,101122,101124,101126,101128,101130,101132,101134,101136,101138,101140,101142,101144],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101121,3280],{"class":75},[69,101123,80],{"class":79},[69,101125,11177],{"class":83},[69,101127,88],{"class":87},[69,101129,91],{"class":83},[69,101131,94],{"class":87},[69,101133,91],{"class":83},[69,101135,99],{"class":87},[69,101137,91],{"class":83},[69,101139,104],{"class":87},[69,101141,91],{"class":83},[69,101143,109],{"class":87},[69,101145,9994],{"class":83},[69,101147,101148,101150,101152,101154,101156,101158,101160],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,101149,3308],{"class":75},[69,101151,80],{"class":79},[69,101153,11177],{"class":83},[69,101155,1155],{"class":87},[69,101157,91],{"class":83},[69,101159,99],{"class":87},[69,101161,9994],{"class":83},[69,101163,101164,101166,101168,101170,101172],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,101165,83664],{"class":75},[69,101167,80],{"class":79},[69,101169,11177],{"class":83},[69,101171,2866],{"class":87},[69,101173,9994],{"class":83},[69,101175,101176],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,101177,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,101179,101180,101182,101184,101186,101188,101190,101192,101194,101196,101198],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,101181,123],{"class":75},[69,101183,80],{"class":79},[69,101185,57363],{"class":75},[69,101187,537],{"class":83},[69,101189,3538],{"class":146},[69,101191,132],{"class":83},[69,101193,5465],{"class":146},[69,101195,91],{"class":83},[69,101197,10367],{"class":146},[69,101199,166],{"class":83},[69,101201,101202,101204,101206,101208],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,101203,172],{"class":128},[69,101205,132],{"class":83},[69,101207,183],{"class":146},[69,101209,166],{"class":83},[20,101211,321],{},[60,101213,101215],{"className":62,"code":101214,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 4}\n",[15,101216,101217],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101218,101219,101221,101223,101225,101227],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101220,9964],{"class":83},[69,101222,88],{"class":87},[69,101224,91],{"class":83},[69,101226,104],{"class":87},[69,101228,9994],{"class":83},[20,101230,101231,101232,101234,101235,394,101237,537],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,101233,533],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,101236,5465],{},[15,101238,10425],{},[45388,101240],{},[55,101242,18108],{"id":18107},[20,101244,101245,101247,101248,537],{},[15,101246,100895],{}," always returns a ",[42,101249,101250],{},"new set",[20,101252,44121],{},[29,101254,101255,101258,101261],{},[32,101256,101257],{},"The return value is a new set",[32,101259,101260],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[32,101262,101263],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,101265,234],{},[60,101267,101269],{"className":62,"code":101268,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,101270,101271,101287,101307,101311,101329,101333,101343],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101272,101273,101275,101277,101279,101281,101283,101285],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101274,3280],{"class":75},[69,101276,80],{"class":79},[69,101278,11177],{"class":83},[69,101280,88],{"class":87},[69,101282,91],{"class":83},[69,101284,94],{"class":87},[69,101286,9994],{"class":83},[69,101288,101289,101291,101293,101295,101297,101299,101301,101303,101305],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,101290,3308],{"class":75},[69,101292,80],{"class":79},[69,101294,11177],{"class":83},[69,101296,88],{"class":87},[69,101298,91],{"class":83},[69,101300,94],{"class":87},[69,101302,91],{"class":83},[69,101304,99],{"class":87},[69,101306,9994],{"class":83},[69,101308,101309],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,101310,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,101312,101313,101315,101317,101319,101321,101323,101325,101327],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,101314,123],{"class":75},[69,101316,80],{"class":79},[69,101318,57363],{"class":75},[69,101320,537],{"class":83},[69,101322,3538],{"class":146},[69,101324,132],{"class":83},[69,101326,5465],{"class":146},[69,101328,166],{"class":83},[69,101330,101331],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,101332,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,101334,101335,101337,101339,101341],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,101336,172],{"class":128},[69,101338,132],{"class":83},[69,101340,183],{"class":146},[69,101342,166],{"class":83},[69,101344,101345,101347,101349,101351,101353,101355],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,101346,172],{"class":128},[69,101348,132],{"class":83},[69,101350,641],{"class":177},[69,101352,132],{"class":83},[69,101354,183],{"class":146},[69,101356,318],{"class":83},[20,101358,321],{},[60,101360,101361],{"className":62,"code":99769,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,101362,101363,101369],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101364,101365,101367],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101366,6982],{"class":177},[69,101368,9329],{"class":83},[69,101370,101371,101373,101375,101377,101379,101381],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,101372,674],{"class":79},[69,101374,696],{"class":135},[69,101376,700],{"class":699},[69,101378,6982],{"class":703},[69,101380,706],{"class":699},[69,101382,689],{"class":79},[20,101384,101385,101386,19654,101388,101390,101391,101393],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,101387,4510],{},[15,101389,4505],{},". In Python, ",[15,101392,4505],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45388,101395],{},[55,101397,12165],{"id":12164},[20,101399,101400],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[60,101402,101404],{"className":62,"code":101403,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,101405,101406,101439,101472,101476,101496,101500,101510,101521],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101407,101408,101411,101413,101415,101417,101419,101421,101423,101425,101427,101429,101431,101433,101435,101437],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101409,101410],{"class":75},"fruits_a ",[69,101412,80],{"class":79},[69,101414,11177],{"class":83},[69,101416,871],{"class":699},[69,101418,874],{"class":703},[69,101420,871],{"class":699},[69,101422,91],{"class":83},[69,101424,881],{"class":699},[69,101426,893],{"class":703},[69,101428,871],{"class":699},[69,101430,91],{"class":83},[69,101432,881],{"class":699},[69,101434,33911],{"class":703},[69,101436,871],{"class":699},[69,101438,9994],{"class":83},[69,101440,101441,101444,101446,101448,101450,101452,101454,101456,101458,101460,101462,101464,101466,101468,101470],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,101442,101443],{"class":75},"fruits_b ",[69,101445,80],{"class":79},[69,101447,11177],{"class":83},[69,101449,871],{"class":699},[69,101451,893],{"class":703},[69,101453,871],{"class":699},[69,101455,91],{"class":83},[69,101457,881],{"class":699},[69,101459,33911],{"class":703},[69,101461,871],{"class":699},[69,101463,91],{"class":83},[69,101465,881],{"class":699},[69,101467,23222],{"class":703},[69,101469,871],{"class":699},[69,101471,9994],{"class":83},[69,101473,101474],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,101475,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,101477,101478,101480,101482,101485,101487,101489,101491,101494],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,101479,123],{"class":75},[69,101481,80],{"class":79},[69,101483,101484],{"class":75}," fruits_a",[69,101486,537],{"class":83},[69,101488,3538],{"class":146},[69,101490,132],{"class":83},[69,101492,101493],{"class":146},"fruits_b",[69,101495,166],{"class":83},[69,101497,101498],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,101499,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,101501,101502,101504,101506,101508],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,101503,172],{"class":128},[69,101505,132],{"class":83},[69,101507,183],{"class":146},[69,101509,166],{"class":83},[69,101511,101512,101514,101516,101519],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,101513,172],{"class":128},[69,101515,132],{"class":83},[69,101517,101518],{"class":146},"fruits_a",[69,101520,166],{"class":83},[69,101522,101523,101525,101527,101529],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,101524,172],{"class":128},[69,101526,132],{"class":83},[69,101528,101493],{"class":146},[69,101530,166],{"class":83},[20,101532,30718],{},[60,101534,101536],{"className":62,"code":101535,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,101537,101538,101550,101578],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101539,101540,101542,101544,101546,101548],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101541,9964],{"class":83},[69,101543,706],{"class":699},[69,101545,874],{"class":703},[69,101547,706],{"class":699},[69,101549,9994],{"class":83},[69,101551,101552,101554,101556,101558,101560,101562,101564,101566,101568,101570,101572,101574,101576],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,101553,9964],{"class":83},[69,101555,706],{"class":699},[69,101557,893],{"class":703},[69,101559,706],{"class":699},[69,101561,91],{"class":83},[69,101563,700],{"class":699},[69,101565,33911],{"class":703},[69,101567,706],{"class":699},[69,101569,91],{"class":83},[69,101571,700],{"class":699},[69,101573,874],{"class":703},[69,101575,706],{"class":699},[69,101577,9994],{"class":83},[69,101579,101580,101582,101584,101586,101588,101590,101592,101594,101596,101598,101600,101602,101604],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,101581,9964],{"class":83},[69,101583,706],{"class":699},[69,101585,893],{"class":703},[69,101587,706],{"class":699},[69,101589,91],{"class":83},[69,101591,700],{"class":699},[69,101593,33911],{"class":703},[69,101595,706],{"class":699},[69,101597,91],{"class":83},[69,101599,700],{"class":699},[69,101601,23222],{"class":703},[69,101603,706],{"class":699},[69,101605,9994],{"class":83},[20,101607,12374],{},[29,101609,101610,101615,101620,101626],{},[32,101611,101612,101613],{},"Start with ",[15,101614,101518],{},[32,101616,101617,101618],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101619,101493],{},[32,101621,101622,101623,101625],{},"Only ",[15,101624,58309],{}," remains",[32,101627,101628],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101630,101631],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45388,101633],{},[55,101635,840,101637,101639],{"id":101636},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101638,100895],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101641,101642,101643,537],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101644,100895],{},[20,101646,101647],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[60,101649,101651],{"className":62,"code":101650,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101652,101653,101685,101702,101715,101732,101736,101765],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101654,101655,101657,101659,101661,101663,101665,101667,101669,101671,101673,101675,101677,101679,101681,101683],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101656,76],{"class":75},[69,101658,80],{"class":79},[69,101660,11177],{"class":83},[69,101662,88],{"class":87},[69,101664,91],{"class":83},[69,101666,94],{"class":87},[69,101668,91],{"class":83},[69,101670,99],{"class":87},[69,101672,91],{"class":83},[69,101674,104],{"class":87},[69,101676,91],{"class":83},[69,101678,109],{"class":87},[69,101680,91],{"class":83},[69,101682,114],{"class":87},[69,101684,9994],{"class":83},[69,101686,101687,101690,101692,101694,101696,101698,101700],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,101688,101689],{"class":75},"group_a ",[69,101691,80],{"class":79},[69,101693,11177],{"class":83},[69,101695,1155],{"class":87},[69,101697,91],{"class":83},[69,101699,104],{"class":87},[69,101701,9994],{"class":83},[69,101703,101704,101707,101709,101711,101713],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,101705,101706],{"class":75},"group_b ",[69,101708,80],{"class":79},[69,101710,11177],{"class":83},[69,101712,2866],{"class":87},[69,101714,9994],{"class":83},[69,101716,101717,101720,101722,101724,101726,101728,101730],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,101718,101719],{"class":75},"group_c ",[69,101721,80],{"class":79},[69,101723,11177],{"class":83},[69,101725,81072],{"class":87},[69,101727,91],{"class":83},[69,101729,6690],{"class":87},[69,101731,9994],{"class":83},[69,101733,101734],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,101735,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,101737,101738,101740,101742,101744,101746,101748,101750,101753,101755,101758,101760,101763],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,101739,123],{"class":75},[69,101741,80],{"class":79},[69,101743,163],{"class":75},[69,101745,537],{"class":83},[69,101747,3538],{"class":146},[69,101749,132],{"class":83},[69,101751,101752],{"class":146},"group_a",[69,101754,91],{"class":83},[69,101756,101757],{"class":146}," group_b",[69,101759,91],{"class":83},[69,101761,101762],{"class":146}," group_c",[69,101764,166],{"class":83},[69,101766,101767,101769,101771,101773],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,101768,172],{"class":128},[69,101770,132],{"class":83},[69,101772,183],{"class":146},[69,101774,166],{"class":83},[20,101776,321],{},[60,101778,101780],{"className":62,"code":101779,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101781,101782],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101783,101784,101786,101788,101790,101792],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101785,9964],{"class":83},[69,101787,88],{"class":87},[69,101789,91],{"class":83},[69,101791,99],{"class":87},[69,101793,9994],{"class":83},[20,101795,101796],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45388,101798],{},[55,101800,101802,11272,101804],{"id":101801},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101803,100895],{},[15,101805,101806],{},"difference_update()",[20,101808,101809],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[377,101811,101812],{"id":3538},[15,101813,100895],{},[29,101815,101816,101819],{},[32,101817,101818],{},"Returns a new set",[32,101820,101821],{},"Does not change the original set",[60,101823,101825],{"className":62,"code":101824,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101826,101827,101851,101867,101871,101889,101893,101903],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101828,101829,101831,101833,101835,101837,101839,101841,101843,101845,101847,101849],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101830,3280],{"class":75},[69,101832,80],{"class":79},[69,101834,11177],{"class":83},[69,101836,88],{"class":87},[69,101838,91],{"class":83},[69,101840,94],{"class":87},[69,101842,91],{"class":83},[69,101844,99],{"class":87},[69,101846,91],{"class":83},[69,101848,104],{"class":87},[69,101850,9994],{"class":83},[69,101852,101853,101855,101857,101859,101861,101863,101865],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,101854,3308],{"class":75},[69,101856,80],{"class":79},[69,101858,11177],{"class":83},[69,101860,346],{"class":87},[69,101862,91],{"class":83},[69,101864,104],{"class":87},[69,101866,9994],{"class":83},[69,101868,101869],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,101870,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,101872,101873,101875,101877,101879,101881,101883,101885,101887],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,101874,123],{"class":75},[69,101876,80],{"class":79},[69,101878,57363],{"class":75},[69,101880,537],{"class":83},[69,101882,3538],{"class":146},[69,101884,132],{"class":83},[69,101886,5465],{"class":146},[69,101888,166],{"class":83},[69,101890,101891],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,101892,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,101894,101895,101897,101899,101901],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,101896,172],{"class":128},[69,101898,132],{"class":83},[69,101900,183],{"class":146},[69,101902,166],{"class":83},[69,101904,101905,101907,101909,101911],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,101906,172],{"class":128},[69,101908,132],{"class":83},[69,101910,533],{"class":146},[69,101912,166],{"class":83},[20,101914,321],{},[60,101916,101918],{"className":62,"code":101917,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101919,101920,101932],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101921,101922,101924,101926,101928,101930],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101923,9964],{"class":83},[69,101925,88],{"class":87},[69,101927,91],{"class":83},[69,101929,94],{"class":87},[69,101931,9994],{"class":83},[69,101933,101934,101936,101938,101940,101942,101944,101946,101948,101950],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,101935,9964],{"class":83},[69,101937,88],{"class":87},[69,101939,91],{"class":83},[69,101941,94],{"class":87},[69,101943,91],{"class":83},[69,101945,99],{"class":87},[69,101947,91],{"class":83},[69,101949,104],{"class":87},[69,101951,9994],{"class":83},[377,101953,101955],{"id":101954},"difference_update",[15,101956,101806],{},[29,101958,101959,101962],{},[32,101960,101961],{},"Changes the original set",[32,101963,96799],{},[60,101965,101967],{"className":62,"code":101966,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101968,101969,101993,102009,102013,102027,102031],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,101970,101971,101973,101975,101977,101979,101981,101983,101985,101987,101989,101991],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,101972,3280],{"class":75},[69,101974,80],{"class":79},[69,101976,11177],{"class":83},[69,101978,88],{"class":87},[69,101980,91],{"class":83},[69,101982,94],{"class":87},[69,101984,91],{"class":83},[69,101986,99],{"class":87},[69,101988,91],{"class":83},[69,101990,104],{"class":87},[69,101992,9994],{"class":83},[69,101994,101995,101997,101999,102001,102003,102005,102007],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,101996,3308],{"class":75},[69,101998,80],{"class":79},[69,102000,11177],{"class":83},[69,102002,346],{"class":87},[69,102004,91],{"class":83},[69,102006,104],{"class":87},[69,102008,9994],{"class":83},[69,102010,102011],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,102012,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,102014,102015,102017,102019,102021,102023,102025],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,102016,533],{"class":75},[69,102018,537],{"class":83},[69,102020,101954],{"class":146},[69,102022,132],{"class":83},[69,102024,5465],{"class":146},[69,102026,166],{"class":83},[69,102028,102029],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,102030,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,102032,102033,102035,102037,102039],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,102034,172],{"class":128},[69,102036,132],{"class":83},[69,102038,533],{"class":146},[69,102040,166],{"class":83},[20,102042,321],{},[60,102044,102045],{"className":62,"code":100988,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,102046,102047],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,102048,102049,102051,102053,102055,102057],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,102050,9964],{"class":83},[69,102052,88],{"class":87},[69,102054,91],{"class":83},[69,102056,94],{"class":87},[69,102058,9994],{"class":83},[20,102060,1378,102061,102063],{},[15,102062,100895],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,102065,102066,102067,34291],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,102068,101806],{},[45388,102070],{},[55,102072,102074,102076,102077,102079],{"id":102073},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,102075,100895],{}," vs the ",[15,102078,1972],{}," operator",[20,102081,2714,102082,102084,102085,102087],{},[15,102083,1972],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,102086,100895],{}," for two sets.",[60,102089,102091],{"className":62,"code":102090,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,102092,102093,102117,102133,102137,102155],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,102094,102095,102097,102099,102101,102103,102105,102107,102109,102111,102113,102115],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,102096,3280],{"class":75},[69,102098,80],{"class":79},[69,102100,11177],{"class":83},[69,102102,88],{"class":87},[69,102104,91],{"class":83},[69,102106,94],{"class":87},[69,102108,91],{"class":83},[69,102110,99],{"class":87},[69,102112,91],{"class":83},[69,102114,104],{"class":87},[69,102116,9994],{"class":83},[69,102118,102119,102121,102123,102125,102127,102129,102131],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,102120,3308],{"class":75},[69,102122,80],{"class":79},[69,102124,11177],{"class":83},[69,102126,346],{"class":87},[69,102128,91],{"class":83},[69,102130,104],{"class":87},[69,102132,9994],{"class":83},[69,102134,102135],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,102136,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,102138,102139,102141,102143,102145,102147,102149,102151,102153],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,102140,172],{"class":128},[69,102142,132],{"class":83},[69,102144,533],{"class":146},[69,102146,537],{"class":83},[69,102148,3538],{"class":146},[69,102150,132],{"class":83},[69,102152,5465],{"class":146},[69,102154,318],{"class":83},[69,102156,102157,102159,102161,102163,102165,102167],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,102158,172],{"class":128},[69,102160,132],{"class":83},[69,102162,3280],{"class":146},[69,102164,1972],{"class":79},[69,102166,3285],{"class":146},[69,102168,166],{"class":83},[20,102170,321],{},[60,102172,102174],{"className":62,"code":102173,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102175,102176,102188],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,102177,102178,102180,102182,102184,102186],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,102179,9964],{"class":83},[69,102181,88],{"class":87},[69,102183,91],{"class":83},[69,102185,94],{"class":87},[69,102187,9994],{"class":83},[69,102189,102190,102192,102194,102196,102198],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,102191,9964],{"class":83},[69,102193,88],{"class":87},[69,102195,91],{"class":83},[69,102197,94],{"class":87},[69,102199,9994],{"class":83},[20,102201,102202],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,102204,95069,102205,3218],{},[15,102206,100895],{},[29,102208,102209,102212,102215],{},[32,102210,102211],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[32,102213,102214],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[32,102216,102217],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,102219,102220],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[60,102222,102224],{"className":62,"code":102223,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,102225,102226,102254,102266,102278,102282],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,102227,102228,102230,102232,102234,102236,102238,102240,102242,102244,102246,102248,102250,102252],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,102229,3280],{"class":75},[69,102231,80],{"class":79},[69,102233,11177],{"class":83},[69,102235,88],{"class":87},[69,102237,91],{"class":83},[69,102239,94],{"class":87},[69,102241,91],{"class":83},[69,102243,99],{"class":87},[69,102245,91],{"class":83},[69,102247,104],{"class":87},[69,102249,91],{"class":83},[69,102251,109],{"class":87},[69,102253,9994],{"class":83},[69,102255,102256,102258,102260,102262,102264],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,102257,3308],{"class":75},[69,102259,80],{"class":79},[69,102261,11177],{"class":83},[69,102263,1155],{"class":87},[69,102265,9994],{"class":83},[69,102267,102268,102270,102272,102274,102276],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,102269,83664],{"class":75},[69,102271,80],{"class":79},[69,102273,11177],{"class":83},[69,102275,334],{"class":87},[69,102277,9994],{"class":83},[69,102279,102280],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,102281,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,102283,102284,102286,102288,102290,102292,102294,102296,102298,102300,102302],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,102285,172],{"class":128},[69,102287,132],{"class":83},[69,102289,533],{"class":146},[69,102291,537],{"class":83},[69,102293,3538],{"class":146},[69,102295,132],{"class":83},[69,102297,5465],{"class":146},[69,102299,91],{"class":83},[69,102301,10367],{"class":146},[69,102303,318],{"class":83},[20,102305,321],{},[60,102307,102309],{"className":62,"code":102308,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,102310,102311],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,102312,102313,102315,102317,102319,102321,102323,102325],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,102314,9964],{"class":83},[69,102316,88],{"class":87},[69,102318,91],{"class":83},[69,102320,99],{"class":87},[69,102322,91],{"class":83},[69,102324,109],{"class":87},[69,102326,9994],{"class":83},[20,102328,102329,102330,102332],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,102331,1972],{}," operator expression.",[45388,102334],{},[55,102336,5222],{"id":5221},[20,102338,21902,102339,537],{},[15,102340,100895],{},[377,102342,102344],{"id":102343},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,102346,5331,102347,102349,102350,143],{},[42,102348,5334],{}," change ",[15,102351,533],{},[60,102353,102355],{"className":62,"code":102354,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102356,102357,102377,102389,102393,102407],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,102358,102359,102361,102363,102365,102367,102369,102371,102373,102375],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,102360,3280],{"class":75},[69,102362,80],{"class":79},[69,102364,11177],{"class":83},[69,102366,88],{"class":87},[69,102368,91],{"class":83},[69,102370,94],{"class":87},[69,102372,91],{"class":83},[69,102374,99],{"class":87},[69,102376,9994],{"class":83},[69,102378,102379,102381,102383,102385,102387],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,102380,3308],{"class":75},[69,102382,80],{"class":79},[69,102384,11177],{"class":83},[69,102386,346],{"class":87},[69,102388,9994],{"class":83},[69,102390,102391],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,102392,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,102394,102395,102397,102399,102401,102403,102405],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,102396,533],{"class":75},[69,102398,537],{"class":83},[69,102400,3538],{"class":146},[69,102402,132],{"class":83},[69,102404,5465],{"class":146},[69,102406,166],{"class":83},[69,102408,102409,102411,102413,102415],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,102410,172],{"class":128},[69,102412,132],{"class":83},[69,102414,533],{"class":146},[69,102416,166],{"class":83},[20,102418,321],{},[60,102420,102421],{"className":62,"code":97088,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,102422,102423],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,102424,102425,102427,102429,102431,102433,102435,102437],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,102426,9964],{"class":83},[69,102428,88],{"class":87},[69,102430,91],{"class":83},[69,102432,94],{"class":87},[69,102434,91],{"class":83},[69,102436,99],{"class":87},[69,102438,9994],{"class":83},[20,102440,102441],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[60,102443,102445],{"className":62,"code":102444,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102446,102447,102467,102479,102483,102501],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,102448,102449,102451,102453,102455,102457,102459,102461,102463,102465],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,102450,3280],{"class":75},[69,102452,80],{"class":79},[69,102454,11177],{"class":83},[69,102456,88],{"class":87},[69,102458,91],{"class":83},[69,102460,94],{"class":87},[69,102462,91],{"class":83},[69,102464,99],{"class":87},[69,102466,9994],{"class":83},[69,102468,102469,102471,102473,102475,102477],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,102470,3308],{"class":75},[69,102472,80],{"class":79},[69,102474,11177],{"class":83},[69,102476,346],{"class":87},[69,102478,9994],{"class":83},[69,102480,102481],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,102482,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,102484,102485,102487,102489,102491,102493,102495,102497,102499],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,102486,3280],{"class":75},[69,102488,80],{"class":79},[69,102490,57363],{"class":75},[69,102492,537],{"class":83},[69,102494,3538],{"class":146},[69,102496,132],{"class":83},[69,102498,5465],{"class":146},[69,102500,166],{"class":83},[69,102502,102503,102505,102507,102509],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,102504,172],{"class":128},[69,102506,132],{"class":83},[69,102508,533],{"class":146},[69,102510,166],{"class":83},[20,102512,321],{},[60,102514,102515],{"className":62,"code":100988,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,102516,102517],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,102518,102519,102521,102523,102525,102527],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,102520,9964],{"class":83},[69,102522,88],{"class":87},[69,102524,91],{"class":83},[69,102526,94],{"class":87},[69,102528,9994],{"class":83},[377,102530,102532],{"id":102531},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,102534,102535,102538],{},[15,102536,102537],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[29,102540,102541,102546],{},[32,102542,102543,102544],{},"keep items from ",[15,102545,533],{},[32,102547,102548,102549],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,102550,5465],{},[20,102552,41375,102553,102555,102556,102558],{},[42,102554,5334],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102557,5465],{},"”.",[20,102560,234],{},[60,102562,102564],{"className":62,"code":102563,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102565,102566,102586,102606,102610,102628],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,102567,102568,102570,102572,102574,102576,102578,102580,102582,102584],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,102569,3280],{"class":75},[69,102571,80],{"class":79},[69,102573,11177],{"class":83},[69,102575,88],{"class":87},[69,102577,91],{"class":83},[69,102579,94],{"class":87},[69,102581,91],{"class":83},[69,102583,99],{"class":87},[69,102585,9994],{"class":83},[69,102587,102588,102590,102592,102594,102596,102598,102600,102602,102604],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,102589,3308],{"class":75},[69,102591,80],{"class":79},[69,102593,11177],{"class":83},[69,102595,346],{"class":87},[69,102597,91],{"class":83},[69,102599,104],{"class":87},[69,102601,91],{"class":83},[69,102603,109],{"class":87},[69,102605,9994],{"class":83},[69,102607,102608],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,102609,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,102611,102612,102614,102616,102618,102620,102622,102624,102626],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,102613,172],{"class":128},[69,102615,132],{"class":83},[69,102617,533],{"class":146},[69,102619,537],{"class":83},[69,102621,3538],{"class":146},[69,102623,132],{"class":83},[69,102625,5465],{"class":146},[69,102627,318],{"class":83},[69,102629,102630,102632,102634,102636,102638,102640,102642,102644],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,102631,172],{"class":128},[69,102633,132],{"class":83},[69,102635,5465],{"class":146},[69,102637,537],{"class":83},[69,102639,3538],{"class":146},[69,102641,132],{"class":83},[69,102643,533],{"class":146},[69,102645,318],{"class":83},[20,102647,321],{},[60,102649,102651],{"className":62,"code":102650,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102652,102653,102665],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,102654,102655,102657,102659,102661,102663],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,102656,9964],{"class":83},[69,102658,88],{"class":87},[69,102660,91],{"class":83},[69,102662,94],{"class":87},[69,102664,9994],{"class":83},[69,102666,102667,102669,102671,102673,102675],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,102668,9964],{"class":83},[69,102670,334],{"class":87},[69,102672,91],{"class":83},[69,102674,109],{"class":87},[69,102676,9994],{"class":83},[20,102678,102679],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[377,102681,102683],{"id":102682},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102685,102686,102688],{},[15,102687,100895],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102690,55794],{},[60,102692,102694],{"className":62,"code":102693,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102695,102696,102716,102732,102736],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,102697,102698,102700,102702,102704,102706,102708,102710,102712,102714],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,102699,3280],{"class":75},[69,102701,80],{"class":79},[69,102703,84],{"class":83},[69,102705,88],{"class":87},[69,102707,91],{"class":83},[69,102709,94],{"class":87},[69,102711,91],{"class":83},[69,102713,99],{"class":87},[69,102715,117],{"class":83},[69,102717,102718,102720,102722,102724,102726,102728,102730],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,102719,3308],{"class":75},[69,102721,80],{"class":79},[69,102723,84],{"class":83},[69,102725,346],{"class":87},[69,102727,91],{"class":83},[69,102729,104],{"class":87},[69,102731,117],{"class":83},[69,102733,102734],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,102735,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,102737,102738],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,102739,102740],{"class":189},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102742,102743],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[60,102745,102747],{"className":62,"code":102746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102748,102749,102769,102785,102789,102815],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,102750,102751,102753,102755,102757,102759,102761,102763,102765,102767],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,102752,3280],{"class":75},[69,102754,80],{"class":79},[69,102756,84],{"class":83},[69,102758,88],{"class":87},[69,102760,91],{"class":83},[69,102762,94],{"class":87},[69,102764,91],{"class":83},[69,102766,99],{"class":87},[69,102768,117],{"class":83},[69,102770,102771,102773,102775,102777,102779,102781,102783],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,102772,3308],{"class":75},[69,102774,80],{"class":79},[69,102776,84],{"class":83},[69,102778,346],{"class":87},[69,102780,91],{"class":83},[69,102782,104],{"class":87},[69,102784,117],{"class":83},[69,102786,102787],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,102788,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,102790,102791,102793,102795,102797,102799,102801,102803,102805,102807,102809,102811,102813],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,102792,123],{"class":75},[69,102794,80],{"class":79},[69,102796,16325],{"class":177},[69,102798,132],{"class":83},[69,102800,533],{"class":146},[69,102802,9317],{"class":83},[69,102804,3538],{"class":146},[69,102806,132],{"class":83},[69,102808,6982],{"class":177},[69,102810,132],{"class":83},[69,102812,5465],{"class":146},[69,102814,318],{"class":83},[69,102816,102817,102819,102821,102823],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,102818,172],{"class":128},[69,102820,132],{"class":83},[69,102822,183],{"class":146},[69,102824,166],{"class":83},[20,102826,321],{},[60,102828,102829],{"className":62,"code":100988,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,102830,102831],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,102832,102833,102835,102837,102839,102841],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,102834,9964],{"class":83},[69,102836,88],{"class":87},[69,102838,91],{"class":83},[69,102840,94],{"class":87},[69,102842,9994],{"class":83},[377,102844,102846],{"id":102845},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102848,102849],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[60,102851,102853],{"className":62,"code":102852,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102854,102855,102887,102903,102907],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,102856,102857,102859,102861,102863,102865,102867,102869,102871,102873,102875,102877,102879,102881,102883,102885],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,102858,3280],{"class":75},[69,102860,80],{"class":79},[69,102862,11177],{"class":83},[69,102864,871],{"class":699},[69,102866,37738],{"class":703},[69,102868,871],{"class":699},[69,102870,91],{"class":83},[69,102872,881],{"class":699},[69,102874,58603],{"class":703},[69,102876,871],{"class":699},[69,102878,91],{"class":83},[69,102880,881],{"class":699},[69,102882,58620],{"class":703},[69,102884,871],{"class":699},[69,102886,9994],{"class":83},[69,102888,102889,102891,102893,102895,102897,102899,102901],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,102890,3308],{"class":75},[69,102892,80],{"class":79},[69,102894,11177],{"class":83},[69,102896,871],{"class":699},[69,102898,58603],{"class":703},[69,102900,871],{"class":699},[69,102902,9994],{"class":83},[69,102904,102905],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,102906,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,102908,102909,102911,102913,102915,102917,102919,102921,102923],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,102910,172],{"class":128},[69,102912,132],{"class":83},[69,102914,533],{"class":146},[69,102916,537],{"class":83},[69,102918,3538],{"class":146},[69,102920,132],{"class":83},[69,102922,5465],{"class":146},[69,102924,318],{"class":83},[20,102926,102927],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[377,102929,102931],{"id":102930},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102933,102934],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[60,102936,102938],{"className":62,"code":102937,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102939,102940,102968,102980,102984,102994],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,102941,102942,102944,102946,102948,102950,102952,102954,102956,102958,102960,102962,102964,102966],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,102943,3280],{"class":75},[69,102945,80],{"class":79},[69,102947,11177],{"class":83},[69,102949,88],{"class":87},[69,102951,91],{"class":83},[69,102953,1263],{"class":87},[69,102955,91],{"class":83},[69,102957,94],{"class":87},[69,102959,91],{"class":83},[69,102961,94],{"class":87},[69,102963,91],{"class":83},[69,102965,99],{"class":87},[69,102967,9994],{"class":83},[69,102969,102970,102972,102974,102976,102978],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,102971,3308],{"class":75},[69,102973,80],{"class":79},[69,102975,11177],{"class":83},[69,102977,346],{"class":87},[69,102979,9994],{"class":83},[69,102981,102982],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,102983,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,102985,102986,102988,102990,102992],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,102987,172],{"class":128},[69,102989,132],{"class":83},[69,102991,533],{"class":146},[69,102993,166],{"class":83},[69,102995,102996,102998,103000,103002,103004,103006,103008,103010],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,102997,172],{"class":128},[69,102999,132],{"class":83},[69,103001,533],{"class":146},[69,103003,537],{"class":83},[69,103005,3538],{"class":146},[69,103007,132],{"class":83},[69,103009,5465],{"class":146},[69,103011,318],{"class":83},[20,103013,321],{},[60,103015,103017],{"className":62,"code":103016,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,103018,103019,103035],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103020,103021,103023,103025,103027,103029,103031,103033],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103022,9964],{"class":83},[69,103024,88],{"class":87},[69,103026,91],{"class":83},[69,103028,94],{"class":87},[69,103030,91],{"class":83},[69,103032,99],{"class":87},[69,103034,9994],{"class":83},[69,103036,103037,103039,103041,103043,103045],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,103038,9964],{"class":83},[69,103040,88],{"class":87},[69,103042,91],{"class":83},[69,103044,94],{"class":87},[69,103046,9994],{"class":83},[20,103048,103049,103050,103052],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,103051,100895],{}," runs.",[377,103054,103056],{"id":103055},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,103058,103059],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[60,103061,103063],{"className":62,"code":103062,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,103064,103065,103089,103109,103113,103123,103133,103151,103173],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103066,103067,103069,103071,103073,103075,103077,103079,103081,103083,103085,103087],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103068,3280],{"class":75},[69,103070,80],{"class":79},[69,103072,11177],{"class":83},[69,103074,88],{"class":87},[69,103076,91],{"class":83},[69,103078,94],{"class":87},[69,103080,91],{"class":83},[69,103082,99],{"class":87},[69,103084,91],{"class":83},[69,103086,104],{"class":87},[69,103088,9994],{"class":83},[69,103090,103091,103093,103095,103097,103099,103101,103103,103105,103107],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,103092,3308],{"class":75},[69,103094,80],{"class":79},[69,103096,11177],{"class":83},[69,103098,346],{"class":87},[69,103100,91],{"class":83},[69,103102,104],{"class":87},[69,103104,91],{"class":83},[69,103106,109],{"class":87},[69,103108,9994],{"class":83},[69,103110,103111],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,103112,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,103114,103115,103117,103119,103121],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,103116,172],{"class":128},[69,103118,132],{"class":83},[69,103120,533],{"class":146},[69,103122,166],{"class":83},[69,103124,103125,103127,103129,103131],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,103126,172],{"class":128},[69,103128,132],{"class":83},[69,103130,5465],{"class":146},[69,103132,166],{"class":83},[69,103134,103135,103137,103139,103141,103143,103145,103147,103149],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,103136,172],{"class":128},[69,103138,132],{"class":83},[69,103140,533],{"class":146},[69,103142,537],{"class":83},[69,103144,3538],{"class":146},[69,103146,132],{"class":83},[69,103148,5465],{"class":146},[69,103150,318],{"class":83},[69,103152,103153,103155,103157,103159,103161,103163,103165,103167,103169,103171],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,103154,172],{"class":128},[69,103156,132],{"class":83},[69,103158,641],{"class":177},[69,103160,132],{"class":83},[69,103162,533],{"class":146},[69,103164,537],{"class":83},[69,103166,3538],{"class":146},[69,103168,132],{"class":83},[69,103170,5465],{"class":146},[69,103172,2019],{"class":83},[69,103174,103175,103177,103179,103181,103183,103185,103187,103189,103191,103193],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,103176,172],{"class":128},[69,103178,132],{"class":83},[69,103180,11850],{"class":128},[69,103182,132],{"class":83},[69,103184,533],{"class":146},[69,103186,537],{"class":83},[69,103188,3538],{"class":146},[69,103190,132],{"class":83},[69,103192,5465],{"class":146},[69,103194,2019],{"class":83},[20,103196,11859],{},[29,103198,103199,103202,103205,103208],{},[32,103200,103201],{},"what is in each set",[32,103203,103204],{},"what result Python creates",[32,103206,103207],{},"that the result is a set",[32,103209,103210],{},"how many items remain",[45388,103212],{},[55,103214,2519],{"id":2518},[377,103216,2523,103218,103220],{"id":103217},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,103219,100895],{}," change the original set?",[20,103222,103223],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[377,103225,5881,103227,5096,103229,3218],{"id":103226},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,103228,100895],{},[15,103230,101806],{},[20,103232,103233,103235,103236,103238],{},[15,103234,100895],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,103237,101806],{}," modifies the original set.",[377,103240,2551,103242,103244],{"id":103241},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,103243,100895],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,103246,103247],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[377,103249,103251],{"id":103250},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,103253,103254],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45388,103256],{},[55,103258,2620],{"id":2619},[29,103260,103261,103265,103273],{},[32,103262,103263],{},[533,103264,96809],{"href":97980},[32,103266,103267],{},[533,103268,97295,103270,11428],{"href":103269},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,103271,103272],{},"intersection()",[32,103274,103275],{},[533,103276,97295,103278,11428],{"href":103277},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,103279,103280],{},"union()",[2650,103282,103283],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":103285},[103286,103287,103289,103290,103291,103292,103294,103299,103301,103309,103318],{"id":4326,"depth":120,"text":4327},{"id":101017,"depth":120,"text":103288},"What difference() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":18107,"depth":120,"text":18108},{"id":12164,"depth":120,"text":12165},{"id":101636,"depth":120,"text":103293},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101801,"depth":120,"text":103295,"children":103296},"difference() vs difference_update()",[103297,103298],{"id":3538,"depth":169,"text":100895},{"id":101954,"depth":169,"text":101806},{"id":102073,"depth":120,"text":103300},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":5221,"depth":120,"text":5222,"children":103302},[103303,103304,103305,103306,103307,103308],{"id":102343,"depth":169,"text":102344},{"id":102531,"depth":169,"text":102532},{"id":102682,"depth":169,"text":102683},{"id":102845,"depth":169,"text":102846},{"id":102930,"depth":169,"text":102931},{"id":103055,"depth":169,"text":103056},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":103310},[103311,103313,103315,103317],{"id":103217,"depth":169,"text":103312},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":103226,"depth":169,"text":103314},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":103241,"depth":169,"text":103316},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":103250,"depth":169,"text":103251},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100887,"description":103319},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":103326,"title":103327,"body":103328,"description":105023,"extension":2697,"meta":105024,"navigation":272,"path":105025,"seo":105026,"stem":105027,"__hash__":105028},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":103329,"toc":104985},[103330,103336,103342,103355,103357,103458,103460,103505,103510,103515,103519,103533,103536,103544,103546,103565,103583,103587,103640,103642,103663,103670,103675,103702,103709,103808,103810,103847,103855,103859,103865,103868,103941,103943,103951,103956,104025,104027,104052,104054,104057,104160,104162,104223,104226,104230,104236,104309,104311,104344,104347,104350,104390,104396,104419,104424,104428,104439,104442,104444,104448,104454,104456,104513,104523,104525,104578,104585,104590,104658,104666,104672,104676,104678,104717,104722,104771,104775,104778,104780,104819,104822,104824,104829,104886,104888,104902,104904,104908,104914,104919,104924,104931,104942,104948,104953,104955,104982],[10,103331,96681,103333,12011],{"id":103332},"python-set-discard-method",[15,103334,103335],{},"discard()",[20,103337,103338,103341],{},[15,103339,103340],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,103343,103344,103345,2920,103350,14746,103352,103354],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[533,103346,103347],{"href":98690},[15,103348,103349],{},"set.remove()",[15,103351,103335],{},[42,103353,5334],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[55,103356,58],{"id":57},[60,103358,103360],{"className":62,"code":103359,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103361,103362,103394,103413,103423,103427,103448],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103363,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372,103374,103376,103378,103380,103382,103384,103386,103388,103390,103392],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103365,13768],{"class":75},[69,103367,80],{"class":79},[69,103369,11177],{"class":83},[69,103371,871],{"class":699},[69,103373,13785],{"class":703},[69,103375,871],{"class":699},[69,103377,91],{"class":83},[69,103379,881],{"class":699},[69,103381,13802],{"class":703},[69,103383,871],{"class":699},[69,103385,91],{"class":83},[69,103387,881],{"class":699},[69,103389,18145],{"class":703},[69,103391,871],{"class":699},[69,103393,9994],{"class":83},[69,103395,103396,103398,103400,103403,103405,103407,103409,103411],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,103397,18192],{"class":75},[69,103399,537],{"class":83},[69,103401,103402],{"class":146},"discard",[69,103404,132],{"class":83},[69,103406,871],{"class":699},[69,103408,13802],{"class":703},[69,103410,871],{"class":699},[69,103412,166],{"class":83},[69,103414,103415,103417,103419,103421],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,103416,172],{"class":128},[69,103418,132],{"class":83},[69,103420,18192],{"class":146},[69,103422,166],{"class":83},[69,103424,103425],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,103426,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,103428,103429,103431,103433,103435,103437,103439,103441,103443,103445],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,103430,18192],{"class":75},[69,103432,537],{"class":83},[69,103434,103402],{"class":146},[69,103436,132],{"class":83},[69,103438,871],{"class":699},[69,103440,23213],{"class":703},[69,103442,871],{"class":699},[69,103444,938],{"class":83},[69,103446,103447],{"class":189},"  # no error if missing\n",[69,103449,103450,103452,103454,103456],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,103451,172],{"class":128},[69,103453,132],{"class":83},[69,103455,18192],{"class":146},[69,103457,166],{"class":83},[20,103459,30718],{},[60,103461,103463],{"className":62,"code":103462,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103464,103465,103485],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103466,103467,103469,103471,103473,103475,103477,103479,103481,103483],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103468,9964],{"class":83},[69,103470,706],{"class":699},[69,103472,13785],{"class":703},[69,103474,706],{"class":699},[69,103476,91],{"class":83},[69,103478,700],{"class":699},[69,103480,18145],{"class":703},[69,103482,706],{"class":699},[69,103484,9994],{"class":83},[69,103486,103487,103489,103491,103493,103495,103497,103499,103501,103503],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,103488,9964],{"class":83},[69,103490,706],{"class":699},[69,103492,13785],{"class":703},[69,103494,706],{"class":699},[69,103496,91],{"class":83},[69,103498,700],{"class":699},[69,103500,18145],{"class":703},[69,103502,706],{"class":699},[69,103504,9994],{"class":83},[20,103506,1378,103507,103509],{},[15,103508,103335],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[55,103511,202,103513,205],{"id":103512},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,103514,103340],{},[20,103516,103517,143],{},[15,103518,103335],{},[29,103520,103521,103524,103527,103529],{},[32,103522,103523],{},"Removes one item from a set",[32,103525,103526],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[32,103528,96796],{},[32,103530,12113,103531],{},[15,103532,1181],{},[20,103534,103535],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,103537,96805,103538,394,103541,537],{},[533,103539,103540],{"href":99272},"what a set is in Python",[533,103542,103543],{"href":98364},"how to create a set",[55,103545,2888],{"id":2887},[60,103547,103549],{"className":62,"code":103548,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103550,103551],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103552,103553,103555,103557,103559,103561,103563],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103554,16358],{"class":75},[69,103556,537],{"class":83},[69,103558,103402],{"class":146},[69,103560,132],{"class":83},[69,103562,3198],{"class":146},[69,103564,166],{"class":83},[29,103566,103567,103572,103577,103580],{},[32,103568,103569,103571],{},[15,103570,16358],{}," is the set you want to change",[32,103573,103574,103576],{},[15,103575,3198],{}," is the item you want to remove",[32,103578,103579],{},"The set must already exist",[32,103581,103582],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[377,103584,103586],{"id":103585},"example","Example",[60,103588,103590],{"className":62,"code":103589,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103591,103592,103616,103630],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103593,103594,103596,103598,103600,103602,103604,103606,103608,103610,103612,103614],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103595,76],{"class":75},[69,103597,80],{"class":79},[69,103599,11177],{"class":83},[69,103601,88],{"class":87},[69,103603,91],{"class":83},[69,103605,94],{"class":87},[69,103607,91],{"class":83},[69,103609,99],{"class":87},[69,103611,91],{"class":83},[69,103613,104],{"class":87},[69,103615,9994],{"class":83},[69,103617,103618,103620,103622,103624,103626,103628],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,103619,4366],{"class":75},[69,103621,537],{"class":83},[69,103623,103402],{"class":146},[69,103625,132],{"class":83},[69,103627,346],{"class":87},[69,103629,166],{"class":83},[69,103631,103632,103634,103636,103638],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,103633,172],{"class":128},[69,103635,132],{"class":83},[69,103637,4366],{"class":146},[69,103639,166],{"class":83},[20,103641,321],{},[60,103643,103645],{"className":62,"code":103644,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103646,103647],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103648,103649,103651,103653,103655,103657,103659,103661],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103650,9964],{"class":83},[69,103652,88],{"class":87},[69,103654,91],{"class":83},[69,103656,94],{"class":87},[69,103658,91],{"class":83},[69,103660,104],{"class":87},[69,103662,9994],{"class":83},[55,103664,103666,103667,103669],{"id":103665},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103668,103335],{}," different",[20,103671,103672,103674],{},[15,103673,103335],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[29,103676,103677,103690,103699],{},[32,103678,103679,103680,2920,103684,103686,103687,103689],{},"Unlike ",[533,103681,103682],{"href":98690},[15,103683,56004],{},[15,103685,103335],{}," does not raise ",[15,103688,20378],{}," when the item is missing",[32,103691,103679,103692,2920,103696,103698],{},[533,103693,103694],{"href":98695},[15,103695,13454],{},[15,103697,103335],{}," removes a specific item",[32,103700,103701],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[377,103703,103705,11272,103707],{"id":103704},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103706,103335],{},[15,103708,56004],{},[60,103710,103712],{"className":62,"code":103711,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103713,103714,103738,103742,103763,103773,103777,103798],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103715,103716,103718,103720,103722,103724,103726,103728,103730,103732,103734,103736],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103717,1252],{"class":75},[69,103719,80],{"class":79},[69,103721,11177],{"class":83},[69,103723,871],{"class":699},[69,103725,874],{"class":703},[69,103727,871],{"class":699},[69,103729,91],{"class":83},[69,103731,881],{"class":699},[69,103733,893],{"class":703},[69,103735,871],{"class":699},[69,103737,9994],{"class":83},[69,103739,103740],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,103741,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,103743,103744,103746,103748,103750,103752,103754,103756,103758,103760],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,103745,8497],{"class":75},[69,103747,537],{"class":83},[69,103749,103402],{"class":146},[69,103751,132],{"class":83},[69,103753,871],{"class":699},[69,103755,33911],{"class":703},[69,103757,871],{"class":699},[69,103759,938],{"class":83},[69,103761,103762],{"class":189},"   # no error\n",[69,103764,103765,103767,103769,103771],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,103766,172],{"class":128},[69,103768,132],{"class":83},[69,103770,8497],{"class":146},[69,103772,166],{"class":83},[69,103774,103775],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,103776,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,103778,103779,103781,103783,103785,103787,103789,103791,103793,103795],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,103780,8497],{"class":75},[69,103782,537],{"class":83},[69,103784,35485],{"class":146},[69,103786,132],{"class":83},[69,103788,871],{"class":699},[69,103790,893],{"class":703},[69,103792,871],{"class":699},[69,103794,938],{"class":83},[69,103796,103797],{"class":189},"    # removes existing item\n",[69,103799,103800,103802,103804,103806],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,103801,172],{"class":128},[69,103803,132],{"class":83},[69,103805,8497],{"class":146},[69,103807,166],{"class":83},[20,103809,321],{},[60,103811,103813],{"className":62,"code":103812,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103814,103815,103835],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103816,103817,103819,103821,103823,103825,103827,103829,103831,103833],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103818,9964],{"class":83},[69,103820,706],{"class":699},[69,103822,874],{"class":703},[69,103824,706],{"class":699},[69,103826,91],{"class":83},[69,103828,700],{"class":699},[69,103830,893],{"class":703},[69,103832,706],{"class":699},[69,103834,9994],{"class":83},[69,103836,103837,103839,103841,103843,103845],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,103838,9964],{"class":83},[69,103840,706],{"class":699},[69,103842,874],{"class":703},[69,103844,706],{"class":699},[69,103846,9994],{"class":83},[20,103848,40812,103849,103851,103852,103854],{},[15,103850,56004],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[533,103853,11763],{"href":11762}," for more help with that case.",[55,103856,103858],{"id":103857},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103860,103861,1172,103863,537],{},[15,103862,103335],{},[15,103864,1181],{},[20,103866,103867],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[60,103869,103871],{"className":62,"code":103870,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103872,103873,103905,103927,103931],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103874,103875,103877,103879,103881,103883,103885,103887,103889,103891,103893,103895,103897,103899,103901,103903],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103876,13768],{"class":75},[69,103878,80],{"class":79},[69,103880,11177],{"class":83},[69,103882,871],{"class":699},[69,103884,13785],{"class":703},[69,103886,871],{"class":699},[69,103888,91],{"class":83},[69,103890,881],{"class":699},[69,103892,13802],{"class":703},[69,103894,871],{"class":699},[69,103896,91],{"class":83},[69,103898,881],{"class":699},[69,103900,18145],{"class":703},[69,103902,871],{"class":699},[69,103904,9994],{"class":83},[69,103906,103907,103909,103911,103913,103915,103917,103919,103921,103923,103925],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,103908,123],{"class":75},[69,103910,80],{"class":79},[69,103912,13816],{"class":75},[69,103914,537],{"class":83},[69,103916,103402],{"class":146},[69,103918,132],{"class":83},[69,103920,871],{"class":699},[69,103922,13802],{"class":703},[69,103924,871],{"class":699},[69,103926,166],{"class":83},[69,103928,103929],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,103930,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,103932,103933,103935,103937,103939],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,103934,172],{"class":128},[69,103936,132],{"class":83},[69,103938,183],{"class":146},[69,103940,166],{"class":83},[20,103942,321],{},[60,103944,103945],{"className":62,"code":12499,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,103946,103947],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103948,103949],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103950,12499],{"class":1203},[20,103952,103953,103954,143],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103955,18192],{},[60,103957,103959],{"className":62,"code":103958,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103960,103961,103993,104011,104015],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,103962,103963,103965,103967,103969,103971,103973,103975,103977,103979,103981,103983,103985,103987,103989,103991],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,103964,13768],{"class":75},[69,103966,80],{"class":79},[69,103968,11177],{"class":83},[69,103970,871],{"class":699},[69,103972,13785],{"class":703},[69,103974,871],{"class":699},[69,103976,91],{"class":83},[69,103978,881],{"class":699},[69,103980,13802],{"class":703},[69,103982,871],{"class":699},[69,103984,91],{"class":83},[69,103986,881],{"class":699},[69,103988,18145],{"class":703},[69,103990,871],{"class":699},[69,103992,9994],{"class":83},[69,103994,103995,103997,103999,104001,104003,104005,104007,104009],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,103996,18192],{"class":75},[69,103998,537],{"class":83},[69,104000,103402],{"class":146},[69,104002,132],{"class":83},[69,104004,871],{"class":699},[69,104006,13802],{"class":703},[69,104008,871],{"class":699},[69,104010,166],{"class":83},[69,104012,104013],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,104014,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,104016,104017,104019,104021,104023],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,104018,172],{"class":128},[69,104020,132],{"class":83},[69,104022,18192],{"class":146},[69,104024,166],{"class":83},[20,104026,321],{},[60,104028,104030],{"className":62,"code":104029,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,104031,104032],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,104033,104034,104036,104038,104040,104042,104044,104046,104048,104050],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,104035,9964],{"class":83},[69,104037,706],{"class":699},[69,104039,13785],{"class":703},[69,104041,706],{"class":699},[69,104043,91],{"class":83},[69,104045,700],{"class":699},[69,104047,18145],{"class":703},[69,104049,706],{"class":699},[69,104051,9994],{"class":83},[55,104053,12165],{"id":12164},[20,104055,104056],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[60,104058,104060],{"className":62,"code":104059,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,104061,104062,104094,104098,104116,104120,104138,104142],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,104063,104064,104066,104068,104070,104072,104074,104076,104078,104080,104082,104084,104086,104088,104090,104092],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,104065,36929],{"class":75},[69,104067,80],{"class":79},[69,104069,11177],{"class":83},[69,104071,871],{"class":699},[69,104073,874],{"class":703},[69,104075,871],{"class":699},[69,104077,91],{"class":83},[69,104079,881],{"class":699},[69,104081,893],{"class":703},[69,104083,871],{"class":699},[69,104085,91],{"class":83},[69,104087,881],{"class":699},[69,104089,33911],{"class":703},[69,104091,871],{"class":699},[69,104093,9994],{"class":83},[69,104095,104096],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,104097,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,104099,104100,104102,104104,104106,104108,104110,104112,104114],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,104101,172],{"class":128},[69,104103,132],{"class":83},[69,104105,871],{"class":699},[69,104107,12254],{"class":703},[69,104109,871],{"class":699},[69,104111,91],{"class":83},[69,104113,53326],{"class":146},[69,104115,166],{"class":83},[69,104117,104118],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,104119,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,104121,104122,104124,104126,104128,104130,104132,104134,104136],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,104123,36981],{"class":75},[69,104125,537],{"class":83},[69,104127,103402],{"class":146},[69,104129,132],{"class":83},[69,104131,871],{"class":699},[69,104133,893],{"class":703},[69,104135,871],{"class":699},[69,104137,166],{"class":83},[69,104139,104140],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,104141,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,104143,104144,104146,104148,104150,104152,104154,104156,104158],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,104145,172],{"class":128},[69,104147,132],{"class":83},[69,104149,871],{"class":699},[69,104151,12294],{"class":703},[69,104153,871],{"class":699},[69,104155,91],{"class":83},[69,104157,53326],{"class":146},[69,104159,166],{"class":83},[20,104161,321],{},[60,104163,104165],{"className":62,"code":104164,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,104166,104167,104199],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,104168,104169,104171,104173,104175,104177,104179,104181,104183,104185,104187,104189,104191,104193,104195,104197],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,104170,12314],{"class":75},[69,104172,143],{"class":83},[69,104174,11177],{"class":83},[69,104176,706],{"class":699},[69,104178,893],{"class":703},[69,104180,706],{"class":699},[69,104182,91],{"class":83},[69,104184,700],{"class":699},[69,104186,874],{"class":703},[69,104188,706],{"class":699},[69,104190,91],{"class":83},[69,104192,700],{"class":699},[69,104194,33911],{"class":703},[69,104196,706],{"class":699},[69,104198,9994],{"class":83},[69,104200,104201,104203,104205,104207,104209,104211,104213,104215,104217,104219,104221],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,104202,12367],{"class":75},[69,104204,143],{"class":83},[69,104206,11177],{"class":83},[69,104208,706],{"class":699},[69,104210,874],{"class":703},[69,104212,706],{"class":699},[69,104214,91],{"class":83},[69,104216,700],{"class":699},[69,104218,33911],{"class":703},[69,104220,706],{"class":699},[69,104222,9994],{"class":83},[20,104224,104225],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[55,104227,104229],{"id":104228},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,104231,104232,104233,104235],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,104234,103335],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[60,104237,104239],{"className":62,"code":104238,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,104240,104241,104273,104277,104295,104299],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,104242,104243,104245,104247,104249,104251,104253,104255,104257,104259,104261,104263,104265,104267,104269,104271],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,104244,36929],{"class":75},[69,104246,80],{"class":79},[69,104248,11177],{"class":83},[69,104250,871],{"class":699},[69,104252,874],{"class":703},[69,104254,871],{"class":699},[69,104256,91],{"class":83},[69,104258,881],{"class":699},[69,104260,893],{"class":703},[69,104262,871],{"class":699},[69,104264,91],{"class":83},[69,104266,881],{"class":699},[69,104268,33911],{"class":703},[69,104270,871],{"class":699},[69,104272,9994],{"class":83},[69,104274,104275],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,104276,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,104278,104279,104281,104283,104285,104287,104289,104291,104293],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,104280,36981],{"class":75},[69,104282,537],{"class":83},[69,104284,103402],{"class":146},[69,104286,132],{"class":83},[69,104288,871],{"class":699},[69,104290,23222],{"class":703},[69,104292,871],{"class":699},[69,104294,166],{"class":83},[69,104296,104297],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,104298,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,104300,104301,104303,104305,104307],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,104302,172],{"class":128},[69,104304,132],{"class":83},[69,104306,36981],{"class":146},[69,104308,166],{"class":83},[20,104310,321],{},[60,104312,104314],{"className":62,"code":104313,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,104315,104316],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,104317,104318,104320,104322,104324,104326,104328,104330,104332,104334,104336,104338,104340,104342],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,104319,9964],{"class":83},[69,104321,706],{"class":699},[69,104323,893],{"class":703},[69,104325,706],{"class":699},[69,104327,91],{"class":83},[69,104329,700],{"class":699},[69,104331,874],{"class":703},[69,104333,706],{"class":699},[69,104335,91],{"class":83},[69,104337,700],{"class":699},[69,104339,33911],{"class":703},[69,104341,706],{"class":699},[69,104343,9994],{"class":83},[20,104345,104346],{},"No error happens here.",[20,104348,104349],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[60,104351,104353],{"className":62,"code":104352,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,104354,104355,104371],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,104356,104357,104359,104361,104363,104365,104367,104369],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,104358,1712],{"class":1053},[69,104360,881],{"class":699},[69,104362,23222],{"class":703},[69,104364,871],{"class":699},[69,104366,21864],{"class":79},[69,104368,53326],{"class":75},[69,104370,1579],{"class":83},[69,104372,104373,104376,104378,104380,104382,104384,104386,104388],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,104374,104375],{"class":75},"    fruits",[69,104377,537],{"class":83},[69,104379,35485],{"class":146},[69,104381,132],{"class":83},[69,104383,871],{"class":699},[69,104385,23222],{"class":703},[69,104387,871],{"class":699},[69,104389,166],{"class":83},[20,104391,104392,104393,104395],{},"With ",[15,104394,103335],{},", you can simply write:",[60,104397,104399],{"className":62,"code":104398,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,104400,104401],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,104402,104403,104405,104407,104409,104411,104413,104415,104417],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,104404,36981],{"class":75},[69,104406,537],{"class":83},[69,104408,103402],{"class":146},[69,104410,132],{"class":83},[69,104412,871],{"class":699},[69,104414,23222],{"class":703},[69,104416,871],{"class":699},[69,104418,166],{"class":83},[55,104420,1373,104422],{"id":104421},"when-to-use-discard",[15,104423,103335],{},[20,104425,1378,104426,11288],{},[15,104427,103335],{},[29,104429,104430,104433,104436],{},[32,104431,104432],{},"Missing values are normal",[32,104434,104435],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[32,104437,104438],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,104440,104441],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[55,104443,1771],{"id":1770},[20,104445,9133,104446,537],{},[15,104447,103335],{},[377,104449,1780,104451,104453],{"id":104450},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,104452,103335],{}," to return the changed set",[20,104455,5229],{},[60,104457,104459],{"className":62,"code":104458,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104460,104461,104481,104499,104503],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,104462,104463,104465,104467,104469,104471,104473,104475,104477,104479],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,104464,76],{"class":75},[69,104466,80],{"class":79},[69,104468,11177],{"class":83},[69,104470,88],{"class":87},[69,104472,91],{"class":83},[69,104474,94],{"class":87},[69,104476,91],{"class":83},[69,104478,99],{"class":87},[69,104480,9994],{"class":83},[69,104482,104483,104485,104487,104489,104491,104493,104495,104497],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,104484,76],{"class":75},[69,104486,80],{"class":79},[69,104488,163],{"class":75},[69,104490,537],{"class":83},[69,104492,103402],{"class":146},[69,104494,132],{"class":83},[69,104496,1155],{"class":87},[69,104498,166],{"class":83},[69,104500,104501],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,104502,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,104504,104505,104507,104509,104511],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,104506,172],{"class":128},[69,104508,132],{"class":83},[69,104510,4366],{"class":146},[69,104512,166],{"class":83},[20,104514,104515,42625,104517,9287,104519,1172,104521,537],{},[15,104516,4366],{},[15,104518,1181],{},[15,104520,103335],{},[15,104522,1181],{},[20,104524,19531],{},[60,104526,104528],{"className":62,"code":104527,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104529,104530,104550,104564,104568],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,104531,104532,104534,104536,104538,104540,104542,104544,104546,104548],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,104533,76],{"class":75},[69,104535,80],{"class":79},[69,104537,11177],{"class":83},[69,104539,88],{"class":87},[69,104541,91],{"class":83},[69,104543,94],{"class":87},[69,104545,91],{"class":83},[69,104547,99],{"class":87},[69,104549,9994],{"class":83},[69,104551,104552,104554,104556,104558,104560,104562],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,104553,4366],{"class":75},[69,104555,537],{"class":83},[69,104557,103402],{"class":146},[69,104559,132],{"class":83},[69,104561,1155],{"class":87},[69,104563,166],{"class":83},[69,104565,104566],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,104567,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,104569,104570,104572,104574,104576],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,104571,172],{"class":128},[69,104573,132],{"class":83},[69,104575,4366],{"class":146},[69,104577,166],{"class":83},[377,104579,2309,104581,843,104583],{"id":104580},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104582,103335],{},[15,104584,56004],{},[20,104586,104587,104588,537],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104589,103335],{},[60,104591,104593],{"className":62,"code":104592,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104594,104595,104627,104648],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,104596,104597,104599,104601,104603,104605,104607,104609,104611,104613,104615,104617,104619,104621,104623,104625],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,104598,36780],{"class":75},[69,104600,80],{"class":79},[69,104602,11177],{"class":83},[69,104604,871],{"class":699},[69,104606,533],{"class":703},[69,104608,871],{"class":699},[69,104610,91],{"class":83},[69,104612,881],{"class":699},[69,104614,5465],{"class":703},[69,104616,871],{"class":699},[69,104618,91],{"class":83},[69,104620,881],{"class":699},[69,104622,10425],{"class":703},[69,104624,871],{"class":699},[69,104626,9994],{"class":83},[69,104628,104629,104631,104633,104635,104637,104639,104641,104643,104645],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,104630,36833],{"class":75},[69,104632,537],{"class":83},[69,104634,103402],{"class":146},[69,104636,132],{"class":83},[69,104638,871],{"class":699},[69,104640,22766],{"class":703},[69,104642,871],{"class":699},[69,104644,938],{"class":83},[69,104646,104647],{"class":189},"   # safe\n",[69,104649,104650,104652,104654,104656],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,104651,172],{"class":128},[69,104653,132],{"class":83},[69,104655,36833],{"class":146},[69,104657,166],{"class":83},[20,104659,104660,104661,46380,104664,537],{},"If you use ",[15,104662,104663],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104665,20378],{},[377,104667,26304,104669,104671],{"id":104668},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104670,103335],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104673,104674,102688],{},[15,104675,103335],{},[20,104677,2235],{},[60,104679,104681],{"className":62,"code":104680,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104682,104683,104703],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,104684,104685,104687,104689,104691,104693,104695,104697,104699,104701],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,104686,1252],{"class":75},[69,104688,80],{"class":79},[69,104690,84],{"class":83},[69,104692,88],{"class":87},[69,104694,91],{"class":83},[69,104696,94],{"class":87},[69,104698,91],{"class":83},[69,104700,99],{"class":87},[69,104702,117],{"class":83},[69,104704,104705,104707,104709,104711,104713,104715],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,104706,8497],{"class":75},[69,104708,537],{"class":83},[69,104710,103402],{"class":146},[69,104712,132],{"class":83},[69,104714,1155],{"class":87},[69,104716,166],{"class":83},[20,104718,104719,104720,143],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104721,103335],{},[60,104723,104725],{"className":62,"code":104724,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104726,104727,104747,104761],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,104728,104729,104731,104733,104735,104737,104739,104741,104743,104745],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,104730,1252],{"class":75},[69,104732,80],{"class":79},[69,104734,11177],{"class":83},[69,104736,88],{"class":87},[69,104738,91],{"class":83},[69,104740,94],{"class":87},[69,104742,91],{"class":83},[69,104744,99],{"class":87},[69,104746,9994],{"class":83},[69,104748,104749,104751,104753,104755,104757,104759],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,104750,8497],{"class":75},[69,104752,537],{"class":83},[69,104754,103402],{"class":146},[69,104756,132],{"class":83},[69,104758,1155],{"class":87},[69,104760,166],{"class":83},[69,104762,104763,104765,104767,104769],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,104764,172],{"class":128},[69,104766,132],{"class":83},[69,104768,8497],{"class":146},[69,104770,166],{"class":83},[377,104772,104774],{"id":104773},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104776,104777],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104779,3562],{},[60,104781,104783],{"className":62,"code":104782,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104784,104785,104805],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,104786,104787,104789,104791,104793,104795,104797,104799,104801,104803],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,104788,9852],{"class":75},[69,104790,80],{"class":79},[69,104792,11177],{"class":83},[69,104794,88],{"class":87},[69,104796,91],{"class":83},[69,104798,94],{"class":87},[69,104800,91],{"class":83},[69,104802,99],{"class":87},[69,104804,9994],{"class":83},[69,104806,104807,104809,104811,104813,104815,104817],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,104808,9891],{"class":75},[69,104810,537],{"class":83},[69,104812,103402],{"class":146},[69,104814,3710],{"class":83},[69,104816,1155],{"class":87},[69,104818,618],{"class":83},[20,104820,104821],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[55,104823,9558],{"id":9557},[20,104825,9561,104826,104828],{},[15,104827,103335],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[60,104830,104832],{"className":62,"code":104831,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104833,104834,104844,104858,104872],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,104835,104836,104838,104840,104842],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,104837,172],{"class":128},[69,104839,132],{"class":83},[69,104841,16358],{"class":146},[69,104843,166],{"class":83},[69,104845,104846,104848,104850,104852,104854,104856],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,104847,172],{"class":128},[69,104849,132],{"class":83},[69,104851,641],{"class":177},[69,104853,132],{"class":83},[69,104855,16358],{"class":146},[69,104857,318],{"class":83},[69,104859,104860,104862,104864,104866,104868,104870],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,104861,172],{"class":128},[69,104863,132],{"class":83},[69,104865,3173],{"class":146},[69,104867,1574],{"class":1053},[69,104869,97405],{"class":146},[69,104871,166],{"class":83},[69,104873,104874,104876,104878,104880,104882,104884],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,104875,32842],{"class":128},[69,104877,132],{"class":83},[69,104879,6982],{"class":177},[69,104881,537],{"class":83},[69,104883,103402],{"class":25438},[69,104885,166],{"class":83},[20,104887,11859],{},[29,104889,104890,104893,104896,104899],{},[32,104891,104892],{},"What is currently in the set",[32,104894,104895],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[32,104897,104898],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[32,104900,104901],{},"How Python documents the method",[55,104903,2519],{"id":2518},[377,104905,104907],{"id":104906},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104909,104910,104911,104913],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104912,103335],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[377,104915,2561,104917,13407],{"id":104916},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104918,103340],{},[20,104920,5849,104921,104923],{},[15,104922,1181],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[377,104925,5881,104927,5096,104929,3218],{"id":104926},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104928,103335],{},[15,104930,56004],{},[20,104932,104933,104934,27226,104936,104938,104939,104941],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104935,56004],{},[15,104937,20378],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104940,103335],{}," does not.",[377,104943,2551,104945,104947],{"id":104944},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104946,103335],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104949,46837,104950,104952],{},[15,104951,103335],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[55,104954,2620],{"id":2619},[29,104956,104957,104963,104969,104974,104978],{},[32,104958,104959],{},[533,104960,97295,104961,11428],{"href":98690},[15,104962,56004],{},[32,104964,104965],{},[533,104966,97295,104967,11428],{"href":98695},[15,104968,13454],{},[32,104970,104971],{},[533,104972,104973],{"href":98364},"Python set: creating a set",[32,104975,104976],{},[533,104977,100830],{"href":99272},[32,104979,104980],{},[533,104981,11951],{"href":11762},[2650,104983,104984],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":104986},[104987,104988,104990,104993,104998,104999,105000,105001,105003,105012,105013,105022],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":103512,"depth":120,"text":104989},"What set.discard() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888,"children":104991},[104992],{"id":103585,"depth":169,"text":103586},{"id":103665,"depth":120,"text":104994,"children":104995},"What makes discard() different",[104996],{"id":103704,"depth":169,"text":104997},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103857,"depth":120,"text":103858},{"id":12164,"depth":120,"text":12165},{"id":104228,"depth":120,"text":104229},{"id":104421,"depth":120,"text":105002},"When to use discard()",{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771,"children":105004},[105005,105007,105009,105011],{"id":104450,"depth":169,"text":105006},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104580,"depth":169,"text":105008},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104668,"depth":169,"text":105010},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104773,"depth":169,"text":104774},{"id":9557,"depth":120,"text":9558},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":105014},[105015,105016,105018,105020],{"id":104906,"depth":169,"text":104907},{"id":104916,"depth":169,"text":105017},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104926,"depth":169,"text":105019},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104944,"depth":169,"text":105021},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":103327,"description":105023},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":105030,"title":105031,"body":105032,"description":107038,"extension":2697,"meta":107039,"navigation":272,"path":107040,"seo":107041,"stem":107042,"__hash__":107043},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":105033,"toc":106996},[105034,105037,105045,105050,105061,105063,105118,105122,105142,105147,105151,105156,105158,105172,105174,105249,105251,105284,105289,105294,105296,105298,105313,105316,105324,105329,105344,105346,105435,105437,105526,105532,105536,105538,105576,105578,105602,105605,105620,105622,105677,105679,105712,105714,105719,105723,105727,105732,105797,105799,105819,105825,105829,105886,105888,105909,105913,105918,105963,105965,105998,106001,106005,106038,106040,106069,106073,106077,106080,106082,106101,106103,106149,106154,106168,106170,106201,106206,106209,106253,106255,106283,106287,106291,106307,106310,106375,106377,106389,106392,106396,106399,106404,106432,106434,106452,106458,106497,106499,106517,106523,106552,106554,106572,106575,106592,106594,106599,106603,106606,106632,106639,106644,106659,106668,106672,106675,106706,106712,106715,106724,106727,106729,106731,106789,106792,106817,106819,106823,106826,106830,106838,106842,106845,106849,106852,106854,106877,106879,106920,106927,106935,106938,106969,106971,106993],[10,105035,105031],{"id":105036},"python-set-function-explained",[20,105038,9809,105039,105041,105042,537],{},[15,105040,4510],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[42,105043,105044],{},"unique values only",[20,105046,36094,105047,105049],{},[15,105048,4510],{}," to:",[29,105051,105052,105055,105058],{},[32,105053,105054],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[32,105056,105057],{},"check whether a value exists",[32,105059,105060],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[55,105062,58],{"id":57},[60,105064,105066],{"className":62,"code":105065,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,105067,105068,105092,105107],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105069,105070,105072,105074,105076,105078,105080,105082,105084,105086,105088,105090],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105071,76],{"class":75},[69,105073,80],{"class":79},[69,105075,84],{"class":83},[69,105077,88],{"class":87},[69,105079,91],{"class":83},[69,105081,94],{"class":87},[69,105083,91],{"class":83},[69,105085,94],{"class":87},[69,105087,91],{"class":83},[69,105089,99],{"class":87},[69,105091,117],{"class":83},[69,105093,105094,105097,105099,105101,105103,105105],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,105095,105096],{"class":75},"unique_numbers ",[69,105098,80],{"class":79},[69,105100,16325],{"class":177},[69,105102,132],{"class":83},[69,105104,4366],{"class":146},[69,105106,166],{"class":83},[69,105108,105109,105111,105113,105116],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,105110,172],{"class":128},[69,105112,132],{"class":83},[69,105114,105115],{"class":146},"unique_numbers",[69,105117,166],{"class":83},[20,105119,105120],{},[42,105121,321],{},[60,105123,105124],{"className":62,"code":97088,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,105125,105126],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105127,105128,105130,105132,105134,105136,105138,105140],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105129,9964],{"class":83},[69,105131,88],{"class":87},[69,105133,91],{"class":83},[69,105135,94],{"class":87},[69,105137,91],{"class":83},[69,105139,99],{"class":87},[69,105141,9994],{"class":83},[20,105143,1378,105144,105146],{},[15,105145,4510],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[55,105148,105150],{"id":105149},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,105152,105153,105155],{},[15,105154,4510],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,105157,31229],{},[29,105159,105160,105163,105166,105169],{},[32,105161,105162],{},"A set stores unique items only",[32,105164,105165],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[32,105167,105168],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[32,105170,105171],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,105173,234],{},[60,105175,105177],{"className":62,"code":105176,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,105178,105179,105219,105234,105238],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105180,105181,105183,105185,105187,105189,105191,105193,105195,105197,105199,105201,105203,105205,105207,105209,105211,105213,105215,105217],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105182,13768],{"class":75},[69,105184,80],{"class":79},[69,105186,84],{"class":83},[69,105188,871],{"class":699},[69,105190,13785],{"class":703},[69,105192,871],{"class":699},[69,105194,91],{"class":83},[69,105196,881],{"class":699},[69,105198,13802],{"class":703},[69,105200,871],{"class":699},[69,105202,91],{"class":83},[69,105204,881],{"class":699},[69,105206,13785],{"class":703},[69,105208,871],{"class":699},[69,105210,91],{"class":83},[69,105212,881],{"class":699},[69,105214,18145],{"class":703},[69,105216,871],{"class":699},[69,105218,117],{"class":83},[69,105220,105221,105224,105226,105228,105230,105232],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,105222,105223],{"class":75},"unique_colors ",[69,105225,80],{"class":79},[69,105227,16325],{"class":177},[69,105229,132],{"class":83},[69,105231,18192],{"class":146},[69,105233,166],{"class":83},[69,105235,105236],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,105237,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,105239,105240,105242,105244,105247],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,105241,172],{"class":128},[69,105243,132],{"class":83},[69,105245,105246],{"class":146},"unique_colors",[69,105248,166],{"class":83},[20,105250,30718],{},[60,105252,105254],{"className":62,"code":105253,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,105255,105256],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105257,105258,105260,105262,105264,105266,105268,105270,105272,105274,105276,105278,105280,105282],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105259,9964],{"class":83},[69,105261,706],{"class":699},[69,105263,13802],{"class":703},[69,105265,706],{"class":699},[69,105267,91],{"class":83},[69,105269,700],{"class":699},[69,105271,18145],{"class":703},[69,105273,706],{"class":699},[69,105275,91],{"class":83},[69,105277,700],{"class":699},[69,105279,13785],{"class":703},[69,105281,706],{"class":699},[69,105283,9994],{"class":83},[20,105285,3013,105286,105288],{},[15,105287,65870],{}," appears only once.",[20,105290,105291,105292,537],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[533,105293,96809],{"href":96808},[55,105295,2888],{"id":2887},[20,105297,354],{},[60,105299,105301],{"className":62,"code":105300,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set(iterable)\n",[15,105302,105303],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105304,105305,105307,105309,105311],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105306,6982],{"class":177},[69,105308,132],{"class":83},[69,105310,399],{"class":146},[69,105312,166],{"class":83},[20,105314,105315],{},"The argument is optional.",[29,105317,105318,105321],{},[32,105319,105320],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[32,105322,105323],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,105325,105326,105327,143],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,105328,4510],{},[29,105330,105331,105333,105335,105337,105341],{},[32,105332,178],{},[32,105334,49426],{},[32,105336,61651],{},[32,105338,105339],{},[15,105340,36888],{},[32,105342,105343],{},"another set",[20,105345,2855],{},[60,105347,105349],{"className":62,"code":105348,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,105350,105351,105377,105399,105417],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105352,105353,105355,105357,105359,105361,105363,105365,105367,105369,105371,105373,105375],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105354,172],{"class":128},[69,105356,132],{"class":83},[69,105358,6982],{"class":177},[69,105360,3710],{"class":83},[69,105362,88],{"class":87},[69,105364,91],{"class":83},[69,105366,94],{"class":87},[69,105368,91],{"class":83},[69,105370,94],{"class":87},[69,105372,91],{"class":83},[69,105374,99],{"class":87},[69,105376,2201],{"class":83},[69,105378,105379,105381,105383,105385,105387,105389,105391,105393,105395,105397],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,105380,172],{"class":128},[69,105382,132],{"class":83},[69,105384,6982],{"class":177},[69,105386,6210],{"class":83},[69,105388,444],{"class":87},[69,105390,91],{"class":83},[69,105392,454],{"class":87},[69,105394,91],{"class":83},[69,105396,6701],{"class":87},[69,105398,2019],{"class":83},[69,105400,105401,105403,105405,105407,105409,105411,105413,105415],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,105402,172],{"class":128},[69,105404,132],{"class":83},[69,105406,6982],{"class":177},[69,105408,132],{"class":83},[69,105410,871],{"class":699},[69,105412,1275],{"class":703},[69,105414,871],{"class":699},[69,105416,318],{"class":83},[69,105418,105419,105421,105423,105425,105427,105429,105431,105433],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,105420,172],{"class":128},[69,105422,132],{"class":83},[69,105424,6982],{"class":177},[69,105426,132],{"class":83},[69,105428,60475],{"class":128},[69,105430,132],{"class":83},[69,105432,334],{"class":87},[69,105434,2019],{"class":83},[20,105436,30718],{},[60,105438,105440],{"className":62,"code":105439,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,105441,105442,105458,105470,105506],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105443,105444,105446,105448,105450,105452,105454,105456],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105445,9964],{"class":83},[69,105447,88],{"class":87},[69,105449,91],{"class":83},[69,105451,94],{"class":87},[69,105453,91],{"class":83},[69,105455,99],{"class":87},[69,105457,9994],{"class":83},[69,105459,105460,105462,105464,105466,105468],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,105461,9964],{"class":83},[69,105463,444],{"class":87},[69,105465,91],{"class":83},[69,105467,454],{"class":87},[69,105469,9994],{"class":83},[69,105471,105472,105474,105476,105478,105480,105482,105484,105486,105488,105490,105492,105494,105496,105498,105500,105502,105504],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,105473,9964],{"class":83},[69,105475,706],{"class":699},[69,105477,60915],{"class":703},[69,105479,706],{"class":699},[69,105481,91],{"class":83},[69,105483,700],{"class":699},[69,105485,60924],{"class":703},[69,105487,706],{"class":699},[69,105489,91],{"class":83},[69,105491,700],{"class":699},[69,105493,60933],{"class":703},[69,105495,706],{"class":699},[69,105497,91],{"class":83},[69,105499,700],{"class":699},[69,105501,60950],{"class":703},[69,105503,706],{"class":699},[69,105505,9994],{"class":83},[69,105507,105508,105510,105512,105514,105516,105518,105520,105522,105524],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,105509,9964],{"class":83},[69,105511,1226],{"class":87},[69,105513,91],{"class":83},[69,105515,1263],{"class":87},[69,105517,91],{"class":83},[69,105519,94],{"class":87},[69,105521,91],{"class":83},[69,105523,99],{"class":87},[69,105525,9994],{"class":83},[20,105527,105528,105529,537],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[533,105530,105531],{"href":65325},"Python list() function explained",[55,105533,105535],{"id":105534},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,105537,98761],{},[60,105539,105540],{"className":62,"code":99726,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,105541,105542,105552,105562],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105543,105544,105546,105548,105550],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105545,98771],{"class":75},[69,105547,80],{"class":79},[69,105549,16325],{"class":177},[69,105551,9329],{"class":83},[69,105553,105554,105556,105558,105560],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,105555,172],{"class":128},[69,105557,132],{"class":83},[69,105559,98790],{"class":146},[69,105561,166],{"class":83},[69,105563,105564,105566,105568,105570,105572,105574],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,105565,172],{"class":128},[69,105567,132],{"class":83},[69,105569,641],{"class":177},[69,105571,132],{"class":83},[69,105573,98790],{"class":146},[69,105575,318],{"class":83},[20,105577,321],{},[60,105579,105580],{"className":62,"code":99769,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,105581,105582,105588],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105583,105584,105586],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105585,6982],{"class":177},[69,105587,9329],{"class":83},[69,105589,105590,105592,105594,105596,105598,105600],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,105591,674],{"class":79},[69,105593,696],{"class":135},[69,105595,700],{"class":699},[69,105597,6982],{"class":703},[69,105599,706],{"class":699},[69,105601,689],{"class":79},[20,105603,105604],{},"This is important because:",[29,105606,105607,105612],{},[32,105608,105609,105611],{},[15,105610,4510],{}," creates an empty set",[32,105613,105614,105616,105617,105619],{},[15,105615,4505],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[42,105618,5334],{}," a set",[20,105621,234],{},[60,105623,105625],{"className":62,"code":105624,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105626,105627,105637,105645,105649,105663],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105628,105629,105631,105633,105635],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105630,3280],{"class":75},[69,105632,80],{"class":79},[69,105634,16325],{"class":177},[69,105636,9329],{"class":83},[69,105638,105639,105641,105643],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,105640,3308],{"class":75},[69,105642,80],{"class":79},[69,105644,10524],{"class":83},[69,105646,105647],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,105648,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,105650,105651,105653,105655,105657,105659,105661],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,105652,172],{"class":128},[69,105654,132],{"class":83},[69,105656,641],{"class":177},[69,105658,132],{"class":83},[69,105660,533],{"class":146},[69,105662,318],{"class":83},[69,105664,105665,105667,105669,105671,105673,105675],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,105666,172],{"class":128},[69,105668,132],{"class":83},[69,105670,641],{"class":177},[69,105672,132],{"class":83},[69,105674,5465],{"class":146},[69,105676,318],{"class":83},[20,105678,321],{},[60,105680,105682],{"className":62,"code":105681,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105683,105684,105698],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105685,105686,105688,105690,105692,105694,105696],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105687,674],{"class":79},[69,105689,696],{"class":135},[69,105691,700],{"class":699},[69,105693,6982],{"class":703},[69,105695,706],{"class":699},[69,105697,689],{"class":79},[69,105699,105700,105702,105704,105706,105708,105710],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,105701,674],{"class":79},[69,105703,696],{"class":135},[69,105705,700],{"class":699},[69,105707,9507],{"class":703},[69,105709,706],{"class":699},[69,105711,689],{"class":79},[20,105713,14741],{},[20,105715,105716,105717,537],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[533,105718,104973],{"href":96812},[55,105720,105722],{"id":105721},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[377,105724,105726],{"id":105725},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105728,105729,105730,537],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105731,4510],{},[60,105733,105735],{"className":62,"code":105734,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105736,105737,105769,105783,105787],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105738,105739,105741,105743,105745,105747,105749,105751,105753,105755,105757,105759,105761,105763,105765,105767],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105740,76],{"class":75},[69,105742,80],{"class":79},[69,105744,84],{"class":83},[69,105746,88],{"class":87},[69,105748,91],{"class":83},[69,105750,94],{"class":87},[69,105752,91],{"class":83},[69,105754,94],{"class":87},[69,105756,91],{"class":83},[69,105758,99],{"class":87},[69,105760,91],{"class":83},[69,105762,99],{"class":87},[69,105764,91],{"class":83},[69,105766,99],{"class":87},[69,105768,117],{"class":83},[69,105770,105771,105773,105775,105777,105779,105781],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,105772,123],{"class":75},[69,105774,80],{"class":79},[69,105776,16325],{"class":177},[69,105778,132],{"class":83},[69,105780,4366],{"class":146},[69,105782,166],{"class":83},[69,105784,105785],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,105786,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,105788,105789,105791,105793,105795],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,105790,172],{"class":128},[69,105792,132],{"class":83},[69,105794,183],{"class":146},[69,105796,166],{"class":83},[20,105798,321],{},[60,105800,105801],{"className":62,"code":97088,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,105802,105803],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105804,105805,105807,105809,105811,105813,105815,105817],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105806,9964],{"class":83},[69,105808,88],{"class":87},[69,105810,91],{"class":83},[69,105812,94],{"class":87},[69,105814,91],{"class":83},[69,105816,99],{"class":87},[69,105818,9994],{"class":83},[20,105820,105821,105822,537],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[533,105823,99559],{"href":105824},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[377,105826,105828],{"id":105827},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[60,105830,105832],{"className":62,"code":105831,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105833,105834,105858,105872,105876],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105835,105836,105838,105840,105842,105844,105846,105848,105850,105852,105854,105856],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105837,4536],{"class":75},[69,105839,80],{"class":79},[69,105841,441],{"class":83},[69,105843,2866],{"class":87},[69,105845,91],{"class":83},[69,105847,109],{"class":87},[69,105849,91],{"class":83},[69,105851,6701],{"class":87},[69,105853,91],{"class":83},[69,105855,449],{"class":87},[69,105857,166],{"class":83},[69,105859,105860,105862,105864,105866,105868,105870],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,105861,123],{"class":75},[69,105863,80],{"class":79},[69,105865,16325],{"class":177},[69,105867,132],{"class":83},[69,105869,6059],{"class":146},[69,105871,166],{"class":83},[69,105873,105874],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,105875,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,105877,105878,105880,105882,105884],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,105879,172],{"class":128},[69,105881,132],{"class":83},[69,105883,183],{"class":146},[69,105885,166],{"class":83},[20,105887,321],{},[60,105889,105891],{"className":62,"code":105890,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105892,105893],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105894,105895,105897,105899,105901,105903,105905,105907],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105896,9964],{"class":83},[69,105898,2866],{"class":87},[69,105900,91],{"class":83},[69,105902,6701],{"class":87},[69,105904,91],{"class":83},[69,105906,449],{"class":87},[69,105908,9994],{"class":83},[377,105910,105912],{"id":105911},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105914,51601,105915,105917],{},[15,105916,4510],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[60,105919,105921],{"className":62,"code":105920,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105922,105923,105935,105949,105953],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105924,105925,105927,105929,105931,105933],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105926,35378],{"class":75},[69,105928,80],{"class":79},[69,105930,881],{"class":699},[69,105932,893],{"class":703},[69,105934,4079],{"class":699},[69,105936,105937,105939,105941,105943,105945,105947],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,105938,123],{"class":75},[69,105940,80],{"class":79},[69,105942,16325],{"class":177},[69,105944,132],{"class":83},[69,105946,35399],{"class":146},[69,105948,166],{"class":83},[69,105950,105951],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,105952,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,105954,105955,105957,105959,105961],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,105956,172],{"class":128},[69,105958,132],{"class":83},[69,105960,183],{"class":146},[69,105962,166],{"class":83},[20,105964,30718],{},[60,105966,105968],{"className":62,"code":105967,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105969,105970],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,105971,105972,105974,105976,105978,105980,105982,105984,105986,105988,105990,105992,105994,105996],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,105973,9964],{"class":83},[69,105975,706],{"class":699},[69,105977,5465],{"class":703},[69,105979,706],{"class":699},[69,105981,91],{"class":83},[69,105983,700],{"class":699},[69,105985,533],{"class":703},[69,105987,706],{"class":699},[69,105989,91],{"class":83},[69,105991,700],{"class":699},[69,105993,76508],{"class":703},[69,105995,706],{"class":699},[69,105997,9994],{"class":83},[20,105999,106000],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[377,106002,106004],{"id":106003},"from-range","From range()",[60,106006,106008],{"className":62,"code":106007,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,106009,106010,106028],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106011,106012,106014,106016,106018,106020,106022,106024,106026],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106013,123],{"class":75},[69,106015,80],{"class":79},[69,106017,16325],{"class":177},[69,106019,132],{"class":83},[69,106021,60475],{"class":128},[69,106023,132],{"class":83},[69,106025,2866],{"class":87},[69,106027,318],{"class":83},[69,106029,106030,106032,106034,106036],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,106031,172],{"class":128},[69,106033,132],{"class":83},[69,106035,183],{"class":146},[69,106037,166],{"class":83},[20,106039,321],{},[60,106041,106043],{"className":62,"code":106042,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,106044,106045],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106046,106047,106049,106051,106053,106055,106057,106059,106061,106063,106065,106067],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106048,9964],{"class":83},[69,106050,1226],{"class":87},[69,106052,91],{"class":83},[69,106054,1263],{"class":87},[69,106056,91],{"class":83},[69,106058,94],{"class":87},[69,106060,91],{"class":83},[69,106062,99],{"class":87},[69,106064,91],{"class":83},[69,106066,104],{"class":87},[69,106068,9994],{"class":83},[55,106070,106072],{"id":106071},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,106074,100006,106075,537],{},[42,106076,96852],{},[20,106078,106079],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,106081,100012],{},[29,106083,106084,106088,106092,106096],{},[32,106085,106086],{},[15,106087,2919],{},[32,106089,106090],{},[15,106091,4164],{},[32,106093,106094],{},[15,106095,2923],{},[32,106097,106098,106100],{},[15,106099,49426],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,106102,234],{},[60,106104,106106],{"className":62,"code":106105,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,106107,106108,106139],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106109,106110,106112,106114,106116,106118,106120,106122,106124,106126,106128,106130,106132,106134,106136],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106111,1252],{"class":75},[69,106113,80],{"class":79},[69,106115,11177],{"class":83},[69,106117,88],{"class":87},[69,106119,91],{"class":83},[69,106121,881],{"class":699},[69,106123,1275],{"class":703},[69,106125,871],{"class":699},[69,106127,91],{"class":83},[69,106129,441],{"class":83},[69,106131,444],{"class":87},[69,106133,91],{"class":83},[69,106135,454],{"class":87},[69,106137,106138],{"class":83},")}\n",[69,106140,106141,106143,106145,106147],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,106142,172],{"class":128},[69,106144,132],{"class":83},[69,106146,8497],{"class":146},[69,106148,166],{"class":83},[20,106150,100074,106151,106153],{},[42,106152,5334],{}," work inside a set:",[29,106155,106156,106160,106164],{},[32,106157,106158],{},[15,106159,178],{},[32,106161,106162],{},[15,106163,9507],{},[32,106165,106166],{},[15,106167,6982],{},[20,106169,97577],{},[60,106171,106173],{"className":62,"code":106172,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106174,106175],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106176,106177,106179,106181,106183,106185,106187,106189,106191,106193,106195,106197,106199],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106178,100093],{"class":75},[69,106180,80],{"class":79},[69,106182,100098],{"class":83},[69,106184,88],{"class":87},[69,106186,91],{"class":83},[69,106188,94],{"class":87},[69,106190,18752],{"class":83},[69,106192,84],{"class":83},[69,106194,346],{"class":87},[69,106196,91],{"class":83},[69,106198,104],{"class":87},[69,106200,14398],{"class":83},[20,106202,77336,106203,106205],{},[15,106204,3728],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,106207,106208],{},"A safer example:",[60,106210,106212],{"className":62,"code":106211,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,106213,106214,106242],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106215,106216,106219,106221,106224,106226,106228,106230,106232,106234,106236,106238,106240],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106217,106218],{"class":75},"good_set ",[69,106220,80],{"class":79},[69,106222,106223],{"class":83}," {(",[69,106225,88],{"class":87},[69,106227,91],{"class":83},[69,106229,94],{"class":87},[69,106231,9920],{"class":83},[69,106233,441],{"class":83},[69,106235,346],{"class":87},[69,106237,91],{"class":83},[69,106239,104],{"class":87},[69,106241,106138],{"class":83},[69,106243,106244,106246,106248,106251],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,106245,172],{"class":128},[69,106247,132],{"class":83},[69,106249,106250],{"class":146},"good_set",[69,106252,166],{"class":83},[20,106254,321],{},[60,106256,106258],{"className":62,"code":106257,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,106259,106260],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106261,106262,106265,106267,106269,106271,106273,106275,106277,106279,106281],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106263,106264],{"class":83},"{(",[69,106266,88],{"class":87},[69,106268,91],{"class":83},[69,106270,94],{"class":87},[69,106272,9920],{"class":83},[69,106274,441],{"class":83},[69,106276,346],{"class":87},[69,106278,91],{"class":83},[69,106280,104],{"class":87},[69,106282,106138],{"class":83},[55,106284,106286],{"id":106285},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,106288,1378,106289,11288],{},[15,106290,4510],{},[29,106292,106293,106296,106301,106304],{},[32,106294,106295],{},"you need unique values only",[32,106297,106298,106299],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,106300,1574],{},[32,106302,106303],{},"order does not matter",[32,106305,106306],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,106308,106309],{},"Example of membership checking:",[60,106311,106313],{"className":62,"code":106312,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,106314,106315,106340,106344,106360],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106316,106317,106320,106322,106324,106326,106328,106330,106333,106335,106338],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106318,106319],{"class":75},"allowed_ids ",[69,106321,80],{"class":79},[69,106323,16325],{"class":177},[69,106325,3710],{"class":83},[69,106327,47064],{"class":87},[69,106329,91],{"class":83},[69,106331,106332],{"class":87}," 102",[69,106334,91],{"class":83},[69,106336,106337],{"class":87}," 103",[69,106339,618],{"class":83},[69,106341,106342],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,106343,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,106345,106346,106348,106350,106353,106355,106358],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,106347,172],{"class":128},[69,106349,132],{"class":83},[69,106351,106352],{"class":87},"102",[69,106354,21864],{"class":1053},[69,106356,106357],{"class":146}," allowed_ids",[69,106359,166],{"class":83},[69,106361,106362,106364,106366,106369,106371,106373],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,106363,172],{"class":128},[69,106365,132],{"class":83},[69,106367,106368],{"class":87},"999",[69,106370,21864],{"class":1053},[69,106372,106357],{"class":146},[69,106374,166],{"class":83},[20,106376,321],{},[60,106378,106379],{"className":62,"code":44645,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,106380,106381,106385],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106382,106383],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106384,4685],{"class":1203},[69,106386,106387],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,106388,4746],{"class":1203},[20,106390,106391],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[55,106393,106395],{"id":106394},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,106397,106398],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[377,106400,1378,106402,98703],{"id":106401},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,106403,4510],{},[60,106405,106406],{"className":62,"code":98764,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,106407,106408,106418],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106409,106410,106412,106414,106416],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106411,98771],{"class":75},[69,106413,80],{"class":79},[69,106415,16325],{"class":177},[69,106417,9329],{"class":83},[69,106419,106420,106422,106424,106426,106428,106430],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,106421,172],{"class":128},[69,106423,132],{"class":83},[69,106425,641],{"class":177},[69,106427,132],{"class":83},[69,106429,98790],{"class":146},[69,106431,318],{"class":83},[20,106433,321],{},[60,106435,106436],{"className":62,"code":9538,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,106437,106438],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106439,106440,106442,106444,106446,106448,106450],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106441,674],{"class":79},[69,106443,696],{"class":135},[69,106445,700],{"class":699},[69,106447,6982],{"class":703},[69,106449,706],{"class":699},[69,106451,689],{"class":79},[377,106453,1378,106455,106457],{"id":106454},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,106456,100763],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[60,106459,106461],{"className":62,"code":106460,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,106462,106463,106483],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106464,106465,106467,106469,106471,106473,106475,106477,106479,106481],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106466,76],{"class":75},[69,106468,80],{"class":79},[69,106470,11177],{"class":83},[69,106472,88],{"class":87},[69,106474,91],{"class":83},[69,106476,94],{"class":87},[69,106478,91],{"class":83},[69,106480,99],{"class":87},[69,106482,9994],{"class":83},[69,106484,106485,106487,106489,106491,106493,106495],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,106486,172],{"class":128},[69,106488,132],{"class":83},[69,106490,641],{"class":177},[69,106492,132],{"class":83},[69,106494,4366],{"class":146},[69,106496,318],{"class":83},[20,106498,321],{},[60,106500,106501],{"className":62,"code":9538,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,106502,106503],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106504,106505,106507,106509,106511,106513,106515],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106506,674],{"class":79},[69,106508,696],{"class":135},[69,106510,700],{"class":699},[69,106512,6982],{"class":703},[69,106514,706],{"class":699},[69,106516,689],{"class":79},[377,106518,1378,106520,106522],{"id":106519},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,106521,4505],{}," for an empty dictionary",[60,106524,106526],{"className":62,"code":106525,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,106527,106528,106537],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106529,106530,106533,106535],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106531,106532],{"class":75},"empty_dict ",[69,106534,80],{"class":79},[69,106536,10524],{"class":83},[69,106538,106539,106541,106543,106545,106547,106550],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,106540,172],{"class":128},[69,106542,132],{"class":83},[69,106544,641],{"class":177},[69,106546,132],{"class":83},[69,106548,106549],{"class":146},"empty_dict",[69,106551,318],{"class":83},[20,106553,321],{},[60,106555,106556],{"className":62,"code":9494,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,106557,106558],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106559,106560,106562,106564,106566,106568,106570],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106561,674],{"class":79},[69,106563,696],{"class":135},[69,106565,700],{"class":699},[69,106567,9507],{"class":703},[69,106569,706],{"class":699},[69,106571,689],{"class":79},[20,106573,106574],{},"So the rule is simple:",[29,106576,106577,106582,106587],{},[32,106578,106579,106581],{},[15,106580,4510],{}," → empty set",[32,106583,106584,106586],{},[15,106585,100763],{}," → non-empty set",[32,106588,106589,106591],{},[15,106590,4505],{}," → empty dictionary",[55,106593,1771],{"id":1770},[20,106595,106596,106597,537],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106598,4510],{},[377,106600,840,106601,100361],{"id":100358},[15,106602,4505],{},[20,106604,106605],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[60,106607,106608],{"className":62,"code":100367,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,106609,106610,106618],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106611,106612,106614,106616],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106613,3173],{"class":75},[69,106615,80],{"class":79},[69,106617,10524],{"class":83},[69,106619,106620,106622,106624,106626,106628,106630],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,106621,172],{"class":128},[69,106623,132],{"class":83},[69,106625,641],{"class":177},[69,106627,132],{"class":83},[69,106629,3198],{"class":146},[69,106631,318],{"class":83},[377,106633,106635,106636],{"id":106634},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106637,106638],{},"set(5)",[20,106640,106641,106643],{},[15,106642,4510],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[60,106645,106647],{"className":62,"code":106646,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set(5)\n",[15,106648,106649],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106650,106651,106653,106655,106657],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106652,6982],{"class":177},[69,106654,132],{"class":83},[69,106656,2866],{"class":87},[69,106658,166],{"class":83},[20,106660,3725,106661,106663,106664,537],{},[15,106662,3728],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[533,106665,106667],{"href":106666},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[377,106669,106671],{"id":106670},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106673,106674],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[60,106676,106678],{"className":62,"code":106677,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106679,106680],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106681,106682,106684,106686,106688,106690,106692,106694,106696,106698,106700,106702,106704],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106683,3173],{"class":75},[69,106685,80],{"class":79},[69,106687,100098],{"class":83},[69,106689,88],{"class":87},[69,106691,91],{"class":83},[69,106693,94],{"class":87},[69,106695,18752],{"class":83},[69,106697,84],{"class":83},[69,106699,346],{"class":87},[69,106701,91],{"class":83},[69,106703,104],{"class":87},[69,106705,14398],{"class":83},[377,106707,1780,106709,106711],{"id":106708},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106710,4510],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106713,106714],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[377,106716,2309,106718,843,106720,394,106722],{"id":106717},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106719,4510],{},[15,106721,52],{},[15,106723,9806],{},[20,106725,106726],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[55,106728,61187],{"id":61186},[20,106730,11801],{},[60,106732,106734],{"className":62,"code":106733,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106735,106736,106751,106761,106775],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106737,106738,106740,106742,106744,106746,106749],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106739,172],{"class":128},[69,106741,132],{"class":83},[69,106743,641],{"class":177},[69,106745,132],{"class":83},[69,106747,106748],{"class":146},"my_value",[69,106750,318],{"class":83},[69,106752,106753,106755,106757,106759],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,106754,172],{"class":128},[69,106756,132],{"class":83},[69,106758,106748],{"class":146},[69,106760,166],{"class":83},[69,106762,106763,106765,106767,106769,106771,106773],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,106764,172],{"class":128},[69,106766,132],{"class":83},[69,106768,178],{"class":177},[69,106770,132],{"class":83},[69,106772,16358],{"class":146},[69,106774,318],{"class":83},[69,106776,106777,106779,106781,106783,106785,106787],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,106778,172],{"class":128},[69,106780,132],{"class":83},[69,106782,11850],{"class":128},[69,106784,132],{"class":83},[69,106786,16358],{"class":146},[69,106788,318],{"class":83},[20,106790,106791],{},"What they help you see:",[29,106793,106794,106800,106805,106811],{},[32,106795,106796,106799],{},[15,106797,106798],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[32,106801,106802,91027],{},[15,106803,106804],{},"print(my_value)",[32,106806,106807,106810],{},[15,106808,106809],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[32,106812,106813,106816],{},[15,106814,106815],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[55,106818,2519],{"id":2518},[377,106820,106822],{"id":106821},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106824,106825],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[377,106827,106829],{"id":106828},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106831,1378,106832,106834,106835,106837],{},[15,106833,4510],{},". Do not use ",[15,106836,4505],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[377,106839,106841],{"id":106840},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106843,106844],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[377,106846,106848],{"id":106847},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106850,106851],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106853,234],{},[60,106855,106857],{"className":62,"code":106856,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106858,106859],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106860,106861,106863,106865,106867,106869,106871,106873,106875],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106862,172],{"class":128},[69,106864,132],{"class":83},[69,106866,6982],{"class":177},[69,106868,132],{"class":83},[69,106870,871],{"class":699},[69,106872,874],{"class":703},[69,106874,871],{"class":699},[69,106876,318],{"class":83},[20,106878,30718],{},[60,106880,106882],{"className":62,"code":106881,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106883,106884],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106885,106886,106888,106890,106892,106894,106896,106898,106900,106902,106904,106906,106908,106910,106912,106914,106916,106918],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106887,9964],{"class":83},[69,106889,706],{"class":699},[69,106891,533],{"class":703},[69,106893,706],{"class":699},[69,106895,91],{"class":83},[69,106897,700],{"class":699},[69,106899,20],{"class":703},[69,106901,706],{"class":699},[69,106903,91],{"class":83},[69,106905,700],{"class":699},[69,106907,60933],{"class":703},[69,106909,706],{"class":699},[69,106911,91],{"class":83},[69,106913,700],{"class":699},[69,106915,60924],{"class":703},[69,106917,706],{"class":699},[69,106919,9994],{"class":83},[377,106921,5859,106923,106926],{"id":106922},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106924,106925],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106928,106929,29373,106931,106934],{},[15,106930,4510],{},[42,106932,106933],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106936,106937],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[60,106939,106941],{"className":62,"code":106940,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106942,106943],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,106944,106945,106947,106949,106951,106953,106955,106957,106959,106961,106963,106965,106967],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,106946,172],{"class":128},[69,106948,132],{"class":83},[69,106950,6982],{"class":177},[69,106952,3710],{"class":83},[69,106954,88],{"class":87},[69,106956,91],{"class":83},[69,106958,94],{"class":87},[69,106960,91],{"class":83},[69,106962,99],{"class":87},[69,106964,91],{"class":83},[69,106966,104],{"class":87},[69,106968,2201],{"class":83},[55,106970,2620],{"id":2619},[29,106972,106973,106977,106981,106985,106989],{},[32,106974,106975],{},[533,106976,96809],{"href":96808},[32,106978,106979],{},[533,106980,104973],{"href":96812},[32,106982,106983],{},[533,106984,100825],{"href":105824},[32,106986,106987],{},[533,106988,105531],{"href":65325},[32,106990,106991],{},[533,106992,106667],{"href":106666},[2650,106994,106995],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":106997},[106998,106999,107000,107001,107002,107008,107009,107010,107018,107028,107029,107037],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":105149,"depth":120,"text":105150},{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":105534,"depth":120,"text":105535},{"id":105721,"depth":120,"text":105722,"children":107003},[107004,107005,107006,107007],{"id":105725,"depth":169,"text":105726},{"id":105827,"depth":169,"text":105828},{"id":105911,"depth":169,"text":105912},{"id":106003,"depth":169,"text":106004},{"id":106071,"depth":120,"text":106072},{"id":106285,"depth":120,"text":106286},{"id":106394,"depth":120,"text":106395,"children":107011},[107012,107014,107016],{"id":106401,"depth":169,"text":107013},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106454,"depth":169,"text":107015},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106519,"depth":169,"text":107017},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771,"children":107019},[107020,107021,107023,107024,107026],{"id":100358,"depth":169,"text":100866},{"id":106634,"depth":169,"text":107022},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106670,"depth":169,"text":106671},{"id":106708,"depth":169,"text":107025},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106717,"depth":169,"text":107027},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":61186,"depth":120,"text":61187},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":107030},[107031,107032,107033,107034,107035],{"id":106821,"depth":169,"text":106822},{"id":106828,"depth":169,"text":106829},{"id":106840,"depth":169,"text":106841},{"id":106847,"depth":169,"text":106848},{"id":106922,"depth":169,"text":107036},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":105031,"description":107038},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":107045,"title":107046,"body":107047,"description":108562,"extension":2697,"meta":108563,"navigation":272,"path":108564,"seo":108565,"stem":108566,"__hash__":108567},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":107048,"toc":108538},[107049,107055,107060,107063,107146,107151,107156,107161,107163,107176,107180,107182,107201,107204,107227,107230,107241,107243,107324,107326,107343,107345,107351,107354,107449,107451,107482,107484,107492,107494,107497,107608,107610,107635,107637,107659,107664,107669,107675,107784,107786,107802,107805,107808,107891,107893,107910,107918,107920,107924,107930,108021,108023,108056,108061,108068,108145,108147,108164,108170,108172,108176,108192,108195,108221,108223,108284,108286,108409,108411,108462,108468,108470,108475,108477,108483,108486,108490,108493,108497,108500,108510,108512,108535],[10,107050,13,107052,12011],{"id":107051},"python-setintersection-method",[15,107053,107054],{},"set.intersection()",[20,107056,2714,107057,107059],{},[15,107058,107054],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,107061,107062],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[60,107064,107066],{"className":62,"code":107065,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,107067,107068,107088,107108,107112,107131,107141],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,107069,107070,107072,107074,107076,107078,107080,107082,107084,107086],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,107071,3280],{"class":75},[69,107073,80],{"class":79},[69,107075,11177],{"class":83},[69,107077,88],{"class":87},[69,107079,91],{"class":83},[69,107081,94],{"class":87},[69,107083,91],{"class":83},[69,107085,99],{"class":87},[69,107087,9994],{"class":83},[69,107089,107090,107092,107094,107096,107098,107100,107102,107104,107106],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,107091,3308],{"class":75},[69,107093,80],{"class":79},[69,107095,11177],{"class":83},[69,107097,1155],{"class":87},[69,107099,91],{"class":83},[69,107101,99],{"class":87},[69,107103,91],{"class":83},[69,107105,104],{"class":87},[69,107107,9994],{"class":83},[69,107109,107110],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,107111,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,107113,107114,107116,107118,107120,107122,107125,107127,107129],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,107115,123],{"class":75},[69,107117,80],{"class":79},[69,107119,57363],{"class":75},[69,107121,537],{"class":83},[69,107123,107124],{"class":146},"intersection",[69,107126,132],{"class":83},[69,107128,5465],{"class":146},[69,107130,166],{"class":83},[69,107132,107133,107135,107137,107139],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,107134,172],{"class":128},[69,107136,132],{"class":83},[69,107138,183],{"class":146},[69,107140,166],{"class":83},[69,107142,107143],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,107144,107145],{"class":189},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,107147,1378,107148,107150],{},[15,107149,103272],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[55,107152,13688,107154,13691],{"id":107153},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,107155,103272],{},[20,107157,107158,107160],{},[15,107159,103272],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,107162,13744],{},[29,107164,107165,107168,107170,107173],{},[32,107166,107167],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[32,107169,101042],{},[32,107171,107172],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[32,107174,107175],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,107177,96805,107178,537],{},[533,107179,96809],{"href":96808},[55,107181,2888],{"id":2887},[60,107183,107185],{"className":62,"code":107184,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,107186,107187],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,107188,107189,107191,107193,107195,107197,107199],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,107190,101066],{"class":75},[69,107192,537],{"class":83},[69,107194,107124],{"class":146},[69,107196,132],{"class":83},[69,107198,101075],{"class":146},[69,107200,166],{"class":83},[20,107202,107203],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[60,107205,107207],{"className":62,"code":107206,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,107208,107209],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,107210,107211,107213,107215,107217,107219,107221,107223,107225],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,107212,101066],{"class":75},[69,107214,537],{"class":83},[69,107216,107124],{"class":146},[69,107218,132],{"class":83},[69,107220,101075],{"class":146},[69,107222,91],{"class":83},[69,107224,101102],{"class":146},[69,107226,166],{"class":83},[20,107228,107229],{},"Important notes:",[29,107231,107232,107235,107238],{},[32,107233,107234],{},"The result is always a new set",[32,107236,107237],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[32,107239,107240],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,107242,234],{},[60,107244,107246],{"className":62,"code":107245,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107247,107248,107272,107292,107296,107314],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,107249,107250,107252,107254,107256,107258,107260,107262,107264,107266,107268,107270],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,107251,3280],{"class":75},[69,107253,80],{"class":79},[69,107255,11177],{"class":83},[69,107257,88],{"class":87},[69,107259,91],{"class":83},[69,107261,94],{"class":87},[69,107263,91],{"class":83},[69,107265,99],{"class":87},[69,107267,91],{"class":83},[69,107269,104],{"class":87},[69,107271,9994],{"class":83},[69,107273,107274,107276,107278,107280,107282,107284,107286,107288,107290],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,107275,3308],{"class":75},[69,107277,80],{"class":79},[69,107279,11177],{"class":83},[69,107281,346],{"class":87},[69,107283,91],{"class":83},[69,107285,104],{"class":87},[69,107287,91],{"class":83},[69,107289,109],{"class":87},[69,107291,9994],{"class":83},[69,107293,107294],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,107295,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,107297,107298,107300,107302,107304,107306,107308,107310,107312],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,107299,123],{"class":75},[69,107301,80],{"class":79},[69,107303,57363],{"class":75},[69,107305,537],{"class":83},[69,107307,107124],{"class":146},[69,107309,132],{"class":83},[69,107311,5465],{"class":146},[69,107313,166],{"class":83},[69,107315,107316,107318,107320,107322],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,107317,172],{"class":128},[69,107319,132],{"class":83},[69,107321,183],{"class":146},[69,107323,166],{"class":83},[20,107325,321],{},[60,107327,107329],{"className":62,"code":107328,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{3, 4}\n",[15,107330,107331],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,107332,107333,107335,107337,107339,107341],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,107334,9964],{"class":83},[69,107336,346],{"class":87},[69,107338,91],{"class":83},[69,107340,104],{"class":87},[69,107342,9994],{"class":83},[55,107344,18108],{"id":18107},[20,107346,107347,547,107349,537],{},[15,107348,103272],{},[42,107350,6982],{},[20,107352,107353],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[60,107355,107357],{"className":62,"code":107356,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,107358,107359,107379,107399,107403,107421,107425,107435],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,107360,107361,107363,107365,107367,107369,107371,107373,107375,107377],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,107362,3280],{"class":75},[69,107364,80],{"class":79},[69,107366,11177],{"class":83},[69,107368,88],{"class":87},[69,107370,91],{"class":83},[69,107372,94],{"class":87},[69,107374,91],{"class":83},[69,107376,99],{"class":87},[69,107378,9994],{"class":83},[69,107380,107381,107383,107385,107387,107389,107391,107393,107395,107397],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,107382,3308],{"class":75},[69,107384,80],{"class":79},[69,107386,11177],{"class":83},[69,107388,1155],{"class":87},[69,107390,91],{"class":83},[69,107392,99],{"class":87},[69,107394,91],{"class":83},[69,107396,104],{"class":87},[69,107398,9994],{"class":83},[69,107400,107401],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,107402,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,107404,107405,107407,107409,107411,107413,107415,107417,107419],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,107406,123],{"class":75},[69,107408,80],{"class":79},[69,107410,57363],{"class":75},[69,107412,537],{"class":83},[69,107414,107124],{"class":146},[69,107416,132],{"class":83},[69,107418,5465],{"class":146},[69,107420,166],{"class":83},[69,107422,107423],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,107424,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,107426,107427,107429,107431,107433],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,107428,172],{"class":128},[69,107430,132],{"class":83},[69,107432,183],{"class":146},[69,107434,166],{"class":83},[69,107436,107437,107439,107441,107443,107445,107447],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,107438,172],{"class":128},[69,107440,132],{"class":83},[69,107442,641],{"class":177},[69,107444,132],{"class":83},[69,107446,183],{"class":146},[69,107448,318],{"class":83},[20,107450,321],{},[60,107452,107454],{"className":62,"code":107453,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,107455,107456,107468],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,107457,107458,107460,107462,107464,107466],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,107459,9964],{"class":83},[69,107461,1155],{"class":87},[69,107463,91],{"class":83},[69,107465,99],{"class":87},[69,107467,9994],{"class":83},[69,107469,107470,107472,107474,107476,107478,107480],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,107471,674],{"class":79},[69,107473,696],{"class":135},[69,107475,700],{"class":699},[69,107477,6982],{"class":703},[69,107479,706],{"class":699},[69,107481,689],{"class":79},[20,107483,86290],{},[29,107485,107486,107489],{},[32,107487,107488],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[32,107490,107491],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[55,107493,12165],{"id":12164},[20,107495,107496],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[60,107498,107500],{"className":62,"code":107499,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,107501,107502,107535,107568,107572,107593,107597],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,107503,107504,107507,107509,107511,107513,107515,107517,107519,107521,107523,107525,107527,107529,107531,107533],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,107505,107506],{"class":75},"colors1 ",[69,107508,80],{"class":79},[69,107510,11177],{"class":83},[69,107512,871],{"class":699},[69,107514,13785],{"class":703},[69,107516,871],{"class":699},[69,107518,91],{"class":83},[69,107520,881],{"class":699},[69,107522,13802],{"class":703},[69,107524,871],{"class":699},[69,107526,91],{"class":83},[69,107528,881],{"class":699},[69,107530,18145],{"class":703},[69,107532,871],{"class":699},[69,107534,9994],{"class":83},[69,107536,107537,107540,107542,107544,107546,107548,107550,107552,107554,107556,107558,107560,107562,107564,107566],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,107538,107539],{"class":75},"colors2 ",[69,107541,80],{"class":79},[69,107543,11177],{"class":83},[69,107545,871],{"class":699},[69,107547,18145],{"class":703},[69,107549,871],{"class":699},[69,107551,91],{"class":83},[69,107553,881],{"class":699},[69,107555,23213],{"class":703},[69,107557,871],{"class":699},[69,107559,91],{"class":83},[69,107561,881],{"class":699},[69,107563,13802],{"class":703},[69,107565,871],{"class":699},[69,107567,9994],{"class":83},[69,107569,107570],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,107571,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,107573,107574,107577,107579,107582,107584,107586,107588,107591],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,107575,107576],{"class":75},"common_colors ",[69,107578,80],{"class":79},[69,107580,107581],{"class":75}," colors1",[69,107583,537],{"class":83},[69,107585,107124],{"class":146},[69,107587,132],{"class":83},[69,107589,107590],{"class":146},"colors2",[69,107592,166],{"class":83},[69,107594,107595],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,107596,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,107598,107599,107601,107603,107606],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,107600,172],{"class":128},[69,107602,132],{"class":83},[69,107604,107605],{"class":146},"common_colors",[69,107607,166],{"class":83},[20,107609,321],{},[60,107611,107613],{"className":62,"code":107612,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107614,107615],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,107616,107617,107619,107621,107623,107625,107627,107629,107631,107633],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,107618,9964],{"class":83},[69,107620,706],{"class":699},[69,107622,13802],{"class":703},[69,107624,706],{"class":699},[69,107626,91],{"class":83},[69,107628,700],{"class":699},[69,107630,18145],{"class":703},[69,107632,706],{"class":699},[69,107634,9994],{"class":83},[20,107636,12374],{},[29,107638,107639,107645,107649,107654],{},[32,107640,107641,107644],{},[15,107642,107643],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[32,107646,107647,107644],{},[15,107648,107590],{},[32,107650,107651,107653],{},[15,107652,103272],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[32,107655,107656,107657],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107658,107605],{},[55,107660,840,107662,101639],{"id":107661},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107663,103272],{},[20,107665,107666,107667,537],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107668,103272],{},[20,107670,107671,107672,107674],{},"Only the values found in ",[42,107673,4431],{}," inputs will be kept.",[60,107676,107678],{"className":62,"code":107677,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107679,107680,107704,107728,107748,107752,107774],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,107681,107682,107684,107686,107688,107690,107692,107694,107696,107698,107700,107702],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,107683,3280],{"class":75},[69,107685,80],{"class":79},[69,107687,11177],{"class":83},[69,107689,88],{"class":87},[69,107691,91],{"class":83},[69,107693,94],{"class":87},[69,107695,91],{"class":83},[69,107697,99],{"class":87},[69,107699,91],{"class":83},[69,107701,104],{"class":87},[69,107703,9994],{"class":83},[69,107705,107706,107708,107710,107712,107714,107716,107718,107720,107722,107724,107726],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,107707,3308],{"class":75},[69,107709,80],{"class":79},[69,107711,11177],{"class":83},[69,107713,1155],{"class":87},[69,107715,91],{"class":83},[69,107717,99],{"class":87},[69,107719,91],{"class":83},[69,107721,104],{"class":87},[69,107723,91],{"class":83},[69,107725,109],{"class":87},[69,107727,9994],{"class":83},[69,107729,107730,107732,107734,107736,107738,107740,107742,107744,107746],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,107731,83664],{"class":75},[69,107733,80],{"class":79},[69,107735,11177],{"class":83},[69,107737,346],{"class":87},[69,107739,91],{"class":83},[69,107741,104],{"class":87},[69,107743,91],{"class":83},[69,107745,114],{"class":87},[69,107747,9994],{"class":83},[69,107749,107750],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,107751,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,107753,107754,107756,107758,107760,107762,107764,107766,107768,107770,107772],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,107755,123],{"class":75},[69,107757,80],{"class":79},[69,107759,57363],{"class":75},[69,107761,537],{"class":83},[69,107763,107124],{"class":146},[69,107765,132],{"class":83},[69,107767,5465],{"class":146},[69,107769,91],{"class":83},[69,107771,10367],{"class":146},[69,107773,166],{"class":83},[69,107775,107776,107778,107780,107782],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,107777,172],{"class":128},[69,107779,132],{"class":83},[69,107781,183],{"class":146},[69,107783,166],{"class":83},[20,107785,321],{},[60,107787,107788],{"className":62,"code":107328,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,107789,107790],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,107791,107792,107794,107796,107798,107800],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,107793,9964],{"class":83},[69,107795,346],{"class":87},[69,107797,91],{"class":83},[69,107799,104],{"class":87},[69,107801,9994],{"class":83},[20,107803,107804],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107806,107807],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[60,107809,107811],{"className":62,"code":107810,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107812,107813,107837,107841,107881],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,107814,107815,107817,107819,107821,107823,107825,107827,107829,107831,107833,107835],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,107816,3280],{"class":75},[69,107818,80],{"class":79},[69,107820,11177],{"class":83},[69,107822,88],{"class":87},[69,107824,91],{"class":83},[69,107826,94],{"class":87},[69,107828,91],{"class":83},[69,107830,99],{"class":87},[69,107832,91],{"class":83},[69,107834,104],{"class":87},[69,107836,9994],{"class":83},[69,107838,107839],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,107840,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,107842,107843,107845,107847,107849,107851,107853,107855,107857,107859,107861,107863,107865,107867,107869,107871,107873,107875,107877,107879],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,107844,123],{"class":75},[69,107846,80],{"class":79},[69,107848,57363],{"class":75},[69,107850,537],{"class":83},[69,107852,107124],{"class":146},[69,107854,3710],{"class":83},[69,107856,1155],{"class":87},[69,107858,91],{"class":83},[69,107860,104],{"class":87},[69,107862,91],{"class":83},[69,107864,114],{"class":87},[69,107866,18752],{"class":83},[69,107868,441],{"class":83},[69,107870,88],{"class":87},[69,107872,91],{"class":83},[69,107874,94],{"class":87},[69,107876,91],{"class":83},[69,107878,104],{"class":87},[69,107880,318],{"class":83},[69,107882,107883,107885,107887,107889],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,107884,172],{"class":128},[69,107886,132],{"class":83},[69,107888,183],{"class":146},[69,107890,166],{"class":83},[20,107892,321],{},[60,107894,107896],{"className":62,"code":107895,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107897,107898],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,107899,107900,107902,107904,107906,107908],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,107901,9964],{"class":83},[69,107903,1155],{"class":87},[69,107905,91],{"class":83},[69,107907,104],{"class":87},[69,107909,9994],{"class":83},[55,107911,107913,11272,107915],{"id":107912},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107914,103272],{},[15,107916,107917],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107919,101809],{},[377,107921,107922],{"id":107124},[15,107923,103272],{},[29,107925,107926,107928],{},[32,107927,101818],{},[32,107929,101821],{},[60,107931,107933],{"className":62,"code":107932,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107934,107935,107955,107975,107979,107997,108001,108011],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,107936,107937,107939,107941,107943,107945,107947,107949,107951,107953],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,107938,3280],{"class":75},[69,107940,80],{"class":79},[69,107942,11177],{"class":83},[69,107944,88],{"class":87},[69,107946,91],{"class":83},[69,107948,94],{"class":87},[69,107950,91],{"class":83},[69,107952,99],{"class":87},[69,107954,9994],{"class":83},[69,107956,107957,107959,107961,107963,107965,107967,107969,107971,107973],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,107958,3308],{"class":75},[69,107960,80],{"class":79},[69,107962,11177],{"class":83},[69,107964,1155],{"class":87},[69,107966,91],{"class":83},[69,107968,99],{"class":87},[69,107970,91],{"class":83},[69,107972,104],{"class":87},[69,107974,9994],{"class":83},[69,107976,107977],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,107978,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,107980,107981,107983,107985,107987,107989,107991,107993,107995],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,107982,123],{"class":75},[69,107984,80],{"class":79},[69,107986,57363],{"class":75},[69,107988,537],{"class":83},[69,107990,107124],{"class":146},[69,107992,132],{"class":83},[69,107994,5465],{"class":146},[69,107996,166],{"class":83},[69,107998,107999],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,108000,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,108002,108003,108005,108007,108009],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,108004,172],{"class":128},[69,108006,132],{"class":83},[69,108008,533],{"class":146},[69,108010,166],{"class":83},[69,108012,108013,108015,108017,108019],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,108014,172],{"class":128},[69,108016,132],{"class":83},[69,108018,183],{"class":146},[69,108020,166],{"class":83},[20,108022,321],{},[60,108024,108026],{"className":62,"code":108025,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,108027,108028,108044],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,108029,108030,108032,108034,108036,108038,108040,108042],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,108031,9964],{"class":83},[69,108033,88],{"class":87},[69,108035,91],{"class":83},[69,108037,94],{"class":87},[69,108039,91],{"class":83},[69,108041,99],{"class":87},[69,108043,9994],{"class":83},[69,108045,108046,108048,108050,108052,108054],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,108047,9964],{"class":83},[69,108049,1155],{"class":87},[69,108051,91],{"class":83},[69,108053,99],{"class":87},[69,108055,9994],{"class":83},[377,108057,108059],{"id":108058},"intersection_update",[15,108060,107917],{},[29,108062,108063,108065],{},[32,108064,101961],{},[32,108066,108067],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[60,108069,108071],{"className":62,"code":108070,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,108072,108073,108093,108113,108117,108131,108135],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,108074,108075,108077,108079,108081,108083,108085,108087,108089,108091],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,108076,3280],{"class":75},[69,108078,80],{"class":79},[69,108080,11177],{"class":83},[69,108082,88],{"class":87},[69,108084,91],{"class":83},[69,108086,94],{"class":87},[69,108088,91],{"class":83},[69,108090,99],{"class":87},[69,108092,9994],{"class":83},[69,108094,108095,108097,108099,108101,108103,108105,108107,108109,108111],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,108096,3308],{"class":75},[69,108098,80],{"class":79},[69,108100,11177],{"class":83},[69,108102,1155],{"class":87},[69,108104,91],{"class":83},[69,108106,99],{"class":87},[69,108108,91],{"class":83},[69,108110,104],{"class":87},[69,108112,9994],{"class":83},[69,108114,108115],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,108116,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,108118,108119,108121,108123,108125,108127,108129],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,108120,533],{"class":75},[69,108122,537],{"class":83},[69,108124,108058],{"class":146},[69,108126,132],{"class":83},[69,108128,5465],{"class":146},[69,108130,166],{"class":83},[69,108132,108133],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,108134,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,108136,108137,108139,108141,108143],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,108138,172],{"class":128},[69,108140,132],{"class":83},[69,108142,533],{"class":146},[69,108144,166],{"class":83},[20,108146,321],{},[60,108148,108150],{"className":62,"code":108149,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{2, 3}\n",[15,108151,108152],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,108153,108154,108156,108158,108160,108162],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,108155,9964],{"class":83},[69,108157,1155],{"class":87},[69,108159,91],{"class":83},[69,108161,99],{"class":87},[69,108163,9994],{"class":83},[20,108165,108166,108167,108169],{},"Choose ",[15,108168,103272],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[55,108171,5222],{"id":5221},[20,108173,1774,108174,143],{},[15,108175,103272],{},[29,108177,108178,108181,108184,108187],{},[32,108179,108180],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[32,108182,108183],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[32,108185,108186],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[32,108188,108189,108190],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,108191,103272],{},[20,108193,108194],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[29,108196,108197,108202,108205,108218],{},[32,108198,840,108199,108201],{},[15,108200,103272],{}," when order matters",[32,108203,108204],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[32,108206,2309,108207,843,108209,394,108214],{},[15,108208,103272],{},[533,108210,108212],{"href":108211},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,108213,103280],{},[533,108215,108216],{"href":103321},[15,108217,100895],{},[32,108219,108220],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,108222,30824],{},[60,108224,108226],{"className":62,"code":108225,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,108227,108228,108238,108252,108270],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,108229,108230,108232,108234,108236],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,108231,172],{"class":128},[69,108233,132],{"class":83},[69,108235,16358],{"class":146},[69,108237,166],{"class":83},[69,108239,108240,108242,108244,108246,108248,108250],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,108241,172],{"class":128},[69,108243,132],{"class":83},[69,108245,641],{"class":177},[69,108247,132],{"class":83},[69,108249,183],{"class":146},[69,108251,318],{"class":83},[69,108253,108254,108256,108258,108260,108262,108264,108266,108268],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,108255,172],{"class":128},[69,108257,132],{"class":83},[69,108259,101066],{"class":146},[69,108261,537],{"class":83},[69,108263,107124],{"class":146},[69,108265,132],{"class":83},[69,108267,101075],{"class":146},[69,108269,318],{"class":83},[69,108271,108272,108274,108276,108278,108280,108282],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,108273,172],{"class":128},[69,108275,132],{"class":83},[69,108277,11850],{"class":128},[69,108279,132],{"class":83},[69,108281,183],{"class":146},[69,108283,318],{"class":83},[20,108285,234],{},[60,108287,108289],{"className":62,"code":108288,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,108290,108291,108315,108335,108339,108357,108361,108371,108381,108395],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,108292,108293,108295,108297,108299,108301,108303,108305,108307,108309,108311,108313],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,108294,76],{"class":75},[69,108296,80],{"class":79},[69,108298,11177],{"class":83},[69,108300,88],{"class":87},[69,108302,91],{"class":83},[69,108304,94],{"class":87},[69,108306,91],{"class":83},[69,108308,94],{"class":87},[69,108310,91],{"class":83},[69,108312,99],{"class":87},[69,108314,9994],{"class":83},[69,108316,108317,108319,108321,108323,108325,108327,108329,108331,108333],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,108318,44020],{"class":75},[69,108320,80],{"class":79},[69,108322,11177],{"class":83},[69,108324,1155],{"class":87},[69,108326,91],{"class":83},[69,108328,99],{"class":87},[69,108330,91],{"class":83},[69,108332,104],{"class":87},[69,108334,9994],{"class":83},[69,108336,108337],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,108338,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,108340,108341,108343,108345,108347,108349,108351,108353,108355],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,108342,123],{"class":75},[69,108344,80],{"class":79},[69,108346,163],{"class":75},[69,108348,537],{"class":83},[69,108350,107124],{"class":146},[69,108352,132],{"class":83},[69,108354,31432],{"class":146},[69,108356,166],{"class":83},[69,108358,108359],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,108360,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,108362,108363,108365,108367,108369],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,108364,172],{"class":128},[69,108366,132],{"class":83},[69,108368,4366],{"class":146},[69,108370,166],{"class":83},[69,108372,108373,108375,108377,108379],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,108374,172],{"class":128},[69,108376,132],{"class":83},[69,108378,183],{"class":146},[69,108380,166],{"class":83},[69,108382,108383,108385,108387,108389,108391,108393],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,108384,172],{"class":128},[69,108386,132],{"class":83},[69,108388,641],{"class":177},[69,108390,132],{"class":83},[69,108392,183],{"class":146},[69,108394,318],{"class":83},[69,108396,108397,108399,108401,108403,108405,108407],{"class":71,"line":7120},[69,108398,172],{"class":128},[69,108400,132],{"class":83},[69,108402,11850],{"class":128},[69,108404,132],{"class":83},[69,108406,183],{"class":146},[69,108408,318],{"class":83},[20,108410,321],{},[60,108412,108414],{"className":62,"code":108413,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,108415,108416,108432,108444,108458],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,108417,108418,108420,108422,108424,108426,108428,108430],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,108419,9964],{"class":83},[69,108421,88],{"class":87},[69,108423,91],{"class":83},[69,108425,94],{"class":87},[69,108427,91],{"class":83},[69,108429,99],{"class":87},[69,108431,9994],{"class":83},[69,108433,108434,108436,108438,108440,108442],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,108435,9964],{"class":83},[69,108437,1155],{"class":87},[69,108439,91],{"class":83},[69,108441,99],{"class":87},[69,108443,9994],{"class":83},[69,108445,108446,108448,108450,108452,108454,108456],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,108447,674],{"class":79},[69,108449,696],{"class":135},[69,108451,700],{"class":699},[69,108453,6982],{"class":703},[69,108455,706],{"class":699},[69,108457,689],{"class":79},[69,108459,108460],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,108461,17746],{"class":87},[20,108463,108464,108465,108467],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,108466,1155],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[55,108469,2519],{"id":2518},[377,108471,2523,108473,103220],{"id":108472},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,108474,103272],{},[20,108476,103223],{},[377,108478,5871,108480,108482],{"id":108479},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,108481,103272],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,108484,108485],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[377,108487,108489],{"id":108488},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,108491,108492],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[377,108494,108496],{"id":108495},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,108498,108499],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[60,108501,108502],{"className":62,"code":97939,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,108503,108504],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,108505,108506,108508],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,108507,6982],{"class":177},[69,108509,9329],{"class":83},[55,108511,2620],{"id":2619},[29,108513,108514,108518,108525,108531],{},[32,108515,108516],{},[533,108517,96809],{"href":96808},[32,108519,108520],{},[533,108521,13,108522,11428],{"href":108211},[15,108523,108524],{},"set.union()",[32,108526,108527],{},[533,108528,13,108529,11428],{"href":103321},[15,108530,100900],{},[32,108532,108533],{},[533,108534,100825],{"href":105824},[2650,108536,108537],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":108539},[108540,108542,108543,108544,108545,108547,108552,108553,108561],{"id":107153,"depth":120,"text":108541},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":18107,"depth":120,"text":18108},{"id":12164,"depth":120,"text":12165},{"id":107661,"depth":120,"text":108546},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107912,"depth":120,"text":108548,"children":108549},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108550,108551],{"id":107124,"depth":169,"text":103272},{"id":108058,"depth":169,"text":107917},{"id":5221,"depth":120,"text":5222},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":108554},[108555,108557,108559,108560],{"id":108472,"depth":169,"text":108556},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108479,"depth":169,"text":108558},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108488,"depth":169,"text":108489},{"id":108495,"depth":169,"text":108496},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":107046,"description":108562},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108569,"title":108570,"body":108571,"description":109807,"extension":2697,"meta":109808,"navigation":272,"path":109809,"seo":109810,"stem":109811,"__hash__":109812},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108572,"toc":109774},[108573,108578,108584,108593,108595,108670,108675,108690,108700,108705,108709,108722,108726,108728,108743,108745,108761,108763,108838,108842,108845,108847,108864,108869,108924,108929,108941,108945,108948,109049,109051,109092,109095,109099,109106,109108,109133,109136,109154,109161,109167,109170,109252,109259,109262,109342,109351,109354,109359,109363,109377,109426,109431,109435,109446,109495,109506,109511,109515,109527,109576,109587,109589,109593,109616,109618,109675,109677,109691,109693,109699,109705,109711,109720,109724,109731,109735,109743,109745,109771],[10,108574,96681,108576,12011],{"id":108575},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108577,13454],{},[20,108579,108580,108583],{},[15,108581,108582],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108585,108586,108587,108589,108590,108592],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[42,108588,5334],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108591,13454],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[55,108594,58],{"id":57},[60,108596,108598],{"className":62,"code":108597,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108599,108600,108632,108646,108650,108660],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,108601,108602,108604,108606,108608,108610,108612,108614,108616,108618,108620,108622,108624,108626,108628,108630],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,108603,1252],{"class":75},[69,108605,80],{"class":79},[69,108607,11177],{"class":83},[69,108609,871],{"class":699},[69,108611,874],{"class":703},[69,108613,871],{"class":699},[69,108615,91],{"class":83},[69,108617,881],{"class":699},[69,108619,893],{"class":703},[69,108621,871],{"class":699},[69,108623,91],{"class":83},[69,108625,881],{"class":699},[69,108627,4800],{"class":703},[69,108629,871],{"class":699},[69,108631,9994],{"class":83},[69,108633,108634,108636,108638,108640,108642,108644],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,108635,70412],{"class":75},[69,108637,80],{"class":79},[69,108639,1319],{"class":75},[69,108641,537],{"class":83},[69,108643,26929],{"class":146},[69,108645,9329],{"class":83},[69,108647,108648],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,108649,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,108651,108652,108654,108656,108658],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,108653,172],{"class":128},[69,108655,132],{"class":83},[69,108657,70435],{"class":146},[69,108659,166],{"class":83},[69,108661,108662,108664,108666,108668],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,108663,172],{"class":128},[69,108665,132],{"class":83},[69,108667,8497],{"class":146},[69,108669,166],{"class":83},[20,108671,108672],{},[42,108673,108674],{},"What this does:",[29,108676,108677,108682,108687],{},[32,108678,108679,108680],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108681,8497],{},[32,108683,108684,108685],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108686,70435],{},[32,108688,108689],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108691,108692,89441,108694,108696,108697,108699],{},[42,108693,84299],{},[15,108695,108582],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[42,108698,5334],{}," chosen by index.",[55,108701,202,108703,205],{"id":108702},"what-setpop-does",[15,108704,108582],{},[20,108706,108707,143],{},[15,108708,108582],{},[29,108710,108711,108713,108716,108719],{},[32,108712,103523],{},[32,108714,108715],{},"Returns the removed item",[32,108717,108718],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[32,108720,108721],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108723,96805,108724,537],{},[533,108725,96809],{"href":97980},[55,108727,2888],{"id":2887},[60,108729,108731],{"className":62,"code":108730,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108732,108733],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,108734,108735,108737,108739,108741],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,108736,16358],{"class":75},[69,108738,537],{"class":83},[69,108740,26929],{"class":146},[69,108742,9329],{"class":83},[20,108744,13744],{},[29,108746,108747,108753,108758],{},[32,108748,108749,108750],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108751,108752],{},"my_set.pop()",[32,108754,108755,108756],{},"It takes ",[42,108757,29376],{},[32,108759,108760],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108762,234],{},[60,108764,108766],{"className":62,"code":108765,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108767,108768,108800,108814,108818,108828],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,108769,108770,108772,108774,108776,108778,108780,108782,108784,108786,108788,108790,108792,108794,108796,108798],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,108771,13768],{"class":75},[69,108773,80],{"class":79},[69,108775,11177],{"class":83},[69,108777,871],{"class":699},[69,108779,13785],{"class":703},[69,108781,871],{"class":699},[69,108783,91],{"class":83},[69,108785,881],{"class":699},[69,108787,13802],{"class":703},[69,108789,871],{"class":699},[69,108791,91],{"class":83},[69,108793,881],{"class":699},[69,108795,18145],{"class":703},[69,108797,871],{"class":699},[69,108799,9994],{"class":83},[69,108801,108802,108804,108806,108808,108810,108812],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,108803,29226],{"class":75},[69,108805,80],{"class":79},[69,108807,13816],{"class":75},[69,108809,537],{"class":83},[69,108811,26929],{"class":146},[69,108813,9329],{"class":83},[69,108815,108816],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,108817,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,108819,108820,108822,108824,108826],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,108821,172],{"class":128},[69,108823,132],{"class":83},[69,108825,23999],{"class":146},[69,108827,166],{"class":83},[69,108829,108830,108832,108834,108836],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,108831,172],{"class":128},[69,108833,132],{"class":83},[69,108835,18192],{"class":146},[69,108837,166],{"class":83},[55,108839,108841],{"id":108840},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108843,108844],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108846,213],{},[29,108848,108849,108855,108858],{},[32,108850,108851,108852,108854],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108853,13454],{}," removes",[32,108856,108857],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[32,108859,108860,108861,108863],{},"You should not use ",[15,108862,13454],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108865,11147,108866,108868],{},[42,108867,5334],{}," valid:",[60,108870,108872],{"className":62,"code":108871,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108873,108874,108906],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,108875,108876,108878,108880,108882,108884,108886,108888,108890,108892,108894,108896,108898,108900,108902,108904],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,108877,36929],{"class":75},[69,108879,80],{"class":79},[69,108881,11177],{"class":83},[69,108883,871],{"class":699},[69,108885,874],{"class":703},[69,108887,871],{"class":699},[69,108889,91],{"class":83},[69,108891,881],{"class":699},[69,108893,893],{"class":703},[69,108895,871],{"class":699},[69,108897,91],{"class":83},[69,108899,881],{"class":699},[69,108901,4800],{"class":703},[69,108903,871],{"class":699},[69,108905,9994],{"class":83},[69,108907,108908,108910,108912,108914,108916,108918,108920,108922],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,108909,36981],{"class":75},[69,108911,537],{"class":83},[69,108913,26929],{"class":146},[69,108915,132],{"class":83},[69,108917,871],{"class":699},[69,108919,874],{"class":703},[69,108921,871],{"class":699},[69,108923,166],{"class":83},[20,108925,2247,108926,108928],{},[15,108927,108582],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108930,108931,108932,394,108936,537],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[533,108933,108934],{"href":98690},[15,108935,103349],{},[533,108937,108939],{"href":108938},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108940,103340],{},[55,108942,108944],{"id":108943},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108946,108947],{},"Here is a simple example:",[60,108949,108951],{"className":62,"code":108950,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108952,108953,108987,108991,109007,109011,109030],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,108954,108955,108958,108960,108962,108964,108966,108968,108970,108972,108974,108976,108978,108980,108983,108985],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,108956,108957],{"class":75},"animals ",[69,108959,80],{"class":79},[69,108961,11177],{"class":83},[69,108963,871],{"class":699},[69,108965,37738],{"class":703},[69,108967,871],{"class":699},[69,108969,91],{"class":83},[69,108971,881],{"class":699},[69,108973,58603],{"class":703},[69,108975,871],{"class":699},[69,108977,91],{"class":83},[69,108979,881],{"class":699},[69,108981,108982],{"class":703},"rabbit",[69,108984,871],{"class":699},[69,108986,9994],{"class":83},[69,108988,108989],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,108990,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,108992,108993,108996,108998,109001,109003,109005],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,108994,108995],{"class":75},"removed_animal ",[69,108997,80],{"class":79},[69,108999,109000],{"class":75}," animals",[69,109002,537],{"class":83},[69,109004,26929],{"class":146},[69,109006,9329],{"class":83},[69,109008,109009],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,109010,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,109012,109013,109015,109017,109019,109021,109023,109025,109028],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,109014,172],{"class":128},[69,109016,132],{"class":83},[69,109018,871],{"class":699},[69,109020,29644],{"class":703},[69,109022,871],{"class":699},[69,109024,91],{"class":83},[69,109026,109027],{"class":146}," removed_animal",[69,109029,166],{"class":83},[69,109031,109032,109034,109036,109038,109041,109043,109045,109047],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,109033,172],{"class":128},[69,109035,132],{"class":83},[69,109037,871],{"class":699},[69,109039,109040],{"class":703},"Updated set:",[69,109042,871],{"class":699},[69,109044,91],{"class":83},[69,109046,109000],{"class":146},[69,109048,166],{"class":83},[20,109050,30718],{},[60,109052,109054],{"className":62,"code":109053,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,109055,109056,109065],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109057,109058,109060,109062],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109059,29686],{"class":75},[69,109061,143],{"class":83},[69,109063,109064],{"class":75}," dog\n",[69,109066,109067,109070,109072,109074,109076,109078,109080,109082,109084,109086,109088,109090],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,109068,109069],{"class":75},"Updated ",[69,109071,6982],{"class":177},[69,109073,143],{"class":83},[69,109075,11177],{"class":83},[69,109077,706],{"class":699},[69,109079,37738],{"class":703},[69,109081,706],{"class":699},[69,109083,91],{"class":83},[69,109085,700],{"class":699},[69,109087,108982],{"class":703},[69,109089,706],{"class":699},[69,109091,9994],{"class":83},[20,109093,109094],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[55,109096,109098],{"id":109097},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,109100,30338,109101,109103,109104,537],{},[15,109102,13454],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,109105,20378],{},[20,109107,234],{},[60,109109,109111],{"className":62,"code":109110,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,109112,109113,109123],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109114,109115,109117,109119,109121],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109116,1252],{"class":75},[69,109118,80],{"class":79},[69,109120,16325],{"class":177},[69,109122,9329],{"class":83},[69,109124,109125,109127,109129,109131],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,109126,8497],{"class":75},[69,109128,537],{"class":83},[69,109130,26929],{"class":146},[69,109132,9329],{"class":83},[20,109134,109135],{},"This raises:",[60,109137,109139],{"className":62,"code":109138,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,109140,109141],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109142,109143,109145,109147,109149,109152],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109144,20378],{"class":177},[69,109146,143],{"class":83},[69,109148,700],{"class":699},[69,109150,109151],{"class":703},"pop from an empty set",[69,109153,30388],{"class":699},[20,109155,109156,109157,109160],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[533,109158,109159],{"href":11762},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[377,109162,109164,109165],{"id":109163},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,109166,13454],{},[20,109168,109169],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[60,109171,109173],{"className":62,"code":109172,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,109174,109175,109185,109189,109197,109212,109231,109237],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109176,109177,109179,109181,109183],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109178,1252],{"class":75},[69,109180,80],{"class":79},[69,109182,16325],{"class":177},[69,109184,9329],{"class":83},[69,109186,109187],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,109188,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,109190,109191,109193,109195],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,109192,1712],{"class":1053},[69,109194,1319],{"class":75},[69,109196,1579],{"class":83},[69,109198,109199,109202,109204,109206,109208,109210],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,109200,109201],{"class":75},"    removed ",[69,109203,80],{"class":79},[69,109205,1319],{"class":75},[69,109207,537],{"class":83},[69,109209,26929],{"class":146},[69,109211,9329],{"class":83},[69,109213,109214,109216,109218,109220,109222,109224,109226,109229],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,109215,8756],{"class":128},[69,109217,132],{"class":83},[69,109219,871],{"class":699},[69,109221,29644],{"class":703},[69,109223,871],{"class":699},[69,109225,91],{"class":83},[69,109227,109228],{"class":146}," removed",[69,109230,166],{"class":83},[69,109232,109233,109235],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,109234,28122],{"class":1053},[69,109236,1579],{"class":83},[69,109238,109239,109241,109243,109245,109248,109250],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,109240,8756],{"class":128},[69,109242,132],{"class":83},[69,109244,871],{"class":699},[69,109246,109247],{"class":703},"The set is empty.",[69,109249,871],{"class":699},[69,109251,166],{"class":83},[377,109253,1378,109255,5096,109257],{"id":109254},"use-try-and-except",[15,109256,30492],{},[15,109258,30523],{},[20,109260,109261],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[60,109263,109265],{"className":62,"code":109264,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,109266,109267,109277,109281,109287,109301,109319,109327],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109268,109269,109271,109273,109275],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109270,1252],{"class":75},[69,109272,80],{"class":79},[69,109274,16325],{"class":177},[69,109276,9329],{"class":83},[69,109278,109279],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,109280,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,109282,109283,109285],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,109284,30492],{"class":1053},[69,109286,1579],{"class":83},[69,109288,109289,109291,109293,109295,109297,109299],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,109290,109201],{"class":75},[69,109292,80],{"class":79},[69,109294,1319],{"class":75},[69,109296,537],{"class":83},[69,109298,26929],{"class":146},[69,109300,9329],{"class":83},[69,109302,109303,109305,109307,109309,109311,109313,109315,109317],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,109304,8756],{"class":128},[69,109306,132],{"class":83},[69,109308,871],{"class":699},[69,109310,29644],{"class":703},[69,109312,871],{"class":699},[69,109314,91],{"class":83},[69,109316,109228],{"class":146},[69,109318,166],{"class":83},[69,109320,109321,109323,109325],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,109322,30523],{"class":1053},[69,109324,30526],{"class":177},[69,109326,1579],{"class":83},[69,109328,109329,109331,109333,109335,109338,109340],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,109330,8756],{"class":128},[69,109332,132],{"class":83},[69,109334,871],{"class":699},[69,109336,109337],{"class":703},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[69,109339,871],{"class":699},[69,109341,166],{"class":83},[55,109343,1373,109345,11272,109347,11272,109349],{"id":109344},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,109346,13454],{},[15,109348,56004],{},[15,109350,103335],{},[20,109352,109353],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[377,109355,1378,109357],{"id":109356},"use-pop",[15,109358,13454],{},[20,109360,1378,109361,11288],{},[15,109362,13454],{},[29,109364,109365,109371,109374],{},[32,109366,109367,109368],{},"You want to remove ",[42,109369,109370],{},"any one item",[32,109372,109373],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[32,109375,109376],{},"You want the removed item returned",[60,109378,109380],{"className":62,"code":109379,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,109381,109382,109402,109416],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109383,109384,109386,109388,109390,109392,109394,109396,109398,109400],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109385,76],{"class":75},[69,109387,80],{"class":79},[69,109389,11177],{"class":83},[69,109391,88],{"class":87},[69,109393,91],{"class":83},[69,109395,94],{"class":87},[69,109397,91],{"class":83},[69,109399,99],{"class":87},[69,109401,9994],{"class":83},[69,109403,109404,109406,109408,109410,109412,109414],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,109405,3173],{"class":75},[69,109407,80],{"class":79},[69,109409,163],{"class":75},[69,109411,537],{"class":83},[69,109413,26929],{"class":146},[69,109415,9329],{"class":83},[69,109417,109418,109420,109422,109424],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,109419,172],{"class":128},[69,109421,132],{"class":83},[69,109423,3198],{"class":146},[69,109425,166],{"class":83},[377,109427,1378,109429],{"id":109428},"use-remove",[15,109430,56004],{},[20,109432,1378,109433,11288],{},[15,109434,56004],{},[29,109436,109437,109443],{},[32,109438,109439,109440],{},"You want to delete a ",[42,109441,109442],{},"specific item",[32,109444,109445],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[60,109447,109449],{"className":62,"code":109448,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109450,109451,109471,109485],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109452,109453,109455,109457,109459,109461,109463,109465,109467,109469],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109454,76],{"class":75},[69,109456,80],{"class":79},[69,109458,11177],{"class":83},[69,109460,88],{"class":87},[69,109462,91],{"class":83},[69,109464,94],{"class":87},[69,109466,91],{"class":83},[69,109468,99],{"class":87},[69,109470,9994],{"class":83},[69,109472,109473,109475,109477,109479,109481,109483],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,109474,4366],{"class":75},[69,109476,537],{"class":83},[69,109478,35485],{"class":146},[69,109480,132],{"class":83},[69,109482,1155],{"class":87},[69,109484,166],{"class":83},[69,109486,109487,109489,109491,109493],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,109488,172],{"class":128},[69,109490,132],{"class":83},[69,109492,4366],{"class":146},[69,109494,166],{"class":83},[20,109496,109497,109498,109500,109501,109505],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,109499,56004],{}," raises an error. See the ",[533,109502,109503,11428],{"href":98690},[15,109504,103349],{}," for details.",[377,109507,1378,109509],{"id":109508},"use-discard",[15,109510,103335],{},[20,109512,1378,109513,11288],{},[15,109514,103335],{},[29,109516,109517,109521],{},[32,109518,109439,109519],{},[42,109520,109442],{},[32,109522,109523,109524,109526],{},"You do ",[42,109525,5334],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[60,109528,109530],{"className":62,"code":109529,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109531,109532,109552,109566],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109533,109534,109536,109538,109540,109542,109544,109546,109548,109550],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109535,76],{"class":75},[69,109537,80],{"class":79},[69,109539,11177],{"class":83},[69,109541,88],{"class":87},[69,109543,91],{"class":83},[69,109545,94],{"class":87},[69,109547,91],{"class":83},[69,109549,99],{"class":87},[69,109551,9994],{"class":83},[69,109553,109554,109556,109558,109560,109562,109564],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,109555,4366],{"class":75},[69,109557,537],{"class":83},[69,109559,103402],{"class":146},[69,109561,132],{"class":83},[69,109563,2866],{"class":87},[69,109565,166],{"class":83},[69,109567,109568,109570,109572,109574],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,109569,172],{"class":128},[69,109571,132],{"class":83},[69,109573,4366],{"class":146},[69,109575,166],{"class":83},[20,109577,109578,109579,109581,109582,109586],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109580,2866],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[533,109583,109584,11428],{"href":108938},[15,109585,103340],{}," for more examples.",[55,109588,1771],{"id":1770},[20,109590,71958,109591,143],{},[15,109592,108582],{},[29,109594,109595,109601,109606,109611],{},[32,109596,109597,109598],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109599,109600],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[32,109602,1780,109603,109605],{},[15,109604,13454],{}," to remove the first or last item",[32,109607,30338,109608,109610],{},[15,109609,13454],{}," on an empty set",[32,109612,840,109613,109615],{},[15,109614,13454],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109617,62772],{},[60,109619,109621],{"className":62,"code":109620,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109622,109623,109633,109647,109661],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109624,109625,109627,109629,109631],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109626,172],{"class":128},[69,109628,132],{"class":83},[69,109630,16358],{"class":146},[69,109632,166],{"class":83},[69,109634,109635,109637,109639,109641,109643,109645],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,109636,172],{"class":128},[69,109638,132],{"class":83},[69,109640,11850],{"class":128},[69,109642,132],{"class":83},[69,109644,16358],{"class":146},[69,109646,318],{"class":83},[69,109648,109649,109651,109653,109655,109657,109659],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,109650,172],{"class":128},[69,109652,132],{"class":83},[69,109654,641],{"class":177},[69,109656,132],{"class":83},[69,109658,16358],{"class":146},[69,109660,318],{"class":83},[69,109662,109663,109665,109667,109669,109671,109673],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,109664,29226],{"class":75},[69,109666,80],{"class":79},[69,109668,97405],{"class":75},[69,109670,537],{"class":83},[69,109672,26929],{"class":146},[69,109674,9329],{"class":83},[20,109676,26696],{},[29,109678,109679,109682,109685,109688],{},[32,109680,109681],{},"What values are in the set",[32,109683,109684],{},"Whether the set is empty",[32,109686,109687],{},"That the object is really a set",[32,109689,109690],{},"What value was actually removed",[55,109692,2519],{"id":2518},[377,109694,2523,109696,109698],{"id":109695},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109697,108582],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109700,109701,109702,109704],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109703,13454],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[377,109706,109708,109709,3218],{"id":109707},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109710,108582],{},[20,109712,109713,109714,109716,109717,109719],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109715,13454],{},", set ",[15,109718,13454],{}," does not accept an index.",[377,109721,109723],{"id":109722},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109725,72127,109726,45101,109728,109730],{},[15,109727,20378],{},[15,109729,13454],{}," is called on an empty set.",[377,109732,109734],{"id":109733},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109736,1378,109737,394,109739,11780,109741,537],{},[15,109738,56004],{},[15,109740,103335],{},[15,109742,13454],{},[55,109744,2620],{"id":2619},[29,109746,109747,109751,109757,109763,109767],{},[32,109748,109749],{},[533,109750,96809],{"href":97980},[32,109752,109753],{},[533,109754,97295,109755,11428],{"href":98690},[15,109756,56004],{},[32,109758,109759],{},[533,109760,97295,109761,11428],{"href":108938},[15,109762,103335],{},[32,109764,109765],{},[533,109766,11951],{"href":11762},[32,109768,109769],{},[533,109770,55990],{"href":55542},[2650,109772,109773],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":109775},[109776,109777,109779,109780,109781,109782,109788,109797,109798,109806],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":108702,"depth":120,"text":109778},"What set.pop() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":108840,"depth":120,"text":108841},{"id":108943,"depth":120,"text":108944},{"id":109097,"depth":120,"text":109098,"children":109783},[109784,109786],{"id":109163,"depth":169,"text":109785},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":109254,"depth":169,"text":109787},"Use try and except",{"id":109344,"depth":120,"text":109789,"children":109790},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109791,109793,109795],{"id":109356,"depth":169,"text":109792},"Use pop()",{"id":109428,"depth":169,"text":109794},"Use remove()",{"id":109508,"depth":169,"text":109796},"Use discard()",{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":109799},[109800,109802,109804,109805],{"id":109695,"depth":169,"text":109801},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109707,"depth":169,"text":109803},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109722,"depth":169,"text":109723},{"id":109733,"depth":169,"text":109734},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108570,"description":109807},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109814,"title":109815,"body":109816,"description":110970,"extension":2697,"meta":110971,"navigation":272,"path":110972,"seo":110973,"stem":110974,"__hash__":110975},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109817,"toc":110938},[109818,109823,109828,109837,109839,109904,109908,109932,109939,109944,109948,109963,109966,109968,109987,110001,110004,110052,110056,110072,110074,110147,110151,110176,110182,110190,110194,110201,110256,110261,110278,110284,110290,110295,110303,110310,110314,110322,110377,110379,110396,110400,110407,110472,110476,110509,110511,110523,110530,110532,110537,110544,110546,110615,110619,110627,110629,110693,110697,110702,110749,110754,110822,110830,110837,110840,110846,110851,110855,110857,110860,110862,110867,110872,110878,110883,110890,110898,110904,110907,110909,110935],[10,109819,96681,109821,12011],{"id":109820},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109822,56004],{},[20,109824,109825,109827],{},[15,109826,103349],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109829,109830,109831,109834,109835,537],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[42,109832,109833],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109836,20378],{},[55,109838,58],{"id":57},[60,109840,109842],{"className":62,"code":109841,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109843,109844,109876,109894],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109845,109846,109848,109850,109852,109854,109856,109858,109860,109862,109864,109866,109868,109870,109872,109874],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109847,13768],{"class":75},[69,109849,80],{"class":79},[69,109851,11177],{"class":83},[69,109853,871],{"class":699},[69,109855,13785],{"class":703},[69,109857,871],{"class":699},[69,109859,91],{"class":83},[69,109861,881],{"class":699},[69,109863,13802],{"class":703},[69,109865,871],{"class":699},[69,109867,91],{"class":83},[69,109869,881],{"class":699},[69,109871,18145],{"class":703},[69,109873,871],{"class":699},[69,109875,9994],{"class":83},[69,109877,109878,109880,109882,109884,109886,109888,109890,109892],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,109879,18192],{"class":75},[69,109881,537],{"class":83},[69,109883,35485],{"class":146},[69,109885,132],{"class":83},[69,109887,871],{"class":699},[69,109889,13802],{"class":703},[69,109891,871],{"class":699},[69,109893,166],{"class":83},[69,109895,109896,109898,109900,109902],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,109897,172],{"class":128},[69,109899,132],{"class":83},[69,109901,18192],{"class":146},[69,109903,166],{"class":83},[20,109905,109906],{},[42,109907,30718],{},[60,109909,109910],{"className":62,"code":104029,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,109911,109912],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109913,109914,109916,109918,109920,109922,109924,109926,109928,109930],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109915,9964],{"class":83},[69,109917,706],{"class":699},[69,109919,13785],{"class":703},[69,109921,706],{"class":699},[69,109923,91],{"class":83},[69,109925,700],{"class":699},[69,109927,18145],{"class":703},[69,109929,706],{"class":699},[69,109931,9994],{"class":83},[20,109933,1378,109934,109936,109937,537],{},[15,109935,56004],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109938,20378],{},[55,109940,202,109942,205],{"id":109941},"what-setremove-does",[15,109943,103349],{},[20,109945,109946,143],{},[15,109947,103349],{},[29,109949,109950,109953,109955,109957],{},[32,109951,109952],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[32,109954,96796],{},[32,109956,96799],{},[32,109958,109959,109960,109962],{},"Raises ",[15,109961,20378],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109964,109965],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[55,109967,2888],{"id":2887},[60,109969,109971],{"className":62,"code":109970,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109972,109973],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,109974,109975,109977,109979,109981,109983,109985],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,109976,16358],{"class":75},[69,109978,537],{"class":83},[69,109980,35485],{"class":146},[69,109982,132],{"class":83},[69,109984,3198],{"class":146},[69,109986,166],{"class":83},[29,109988,109989,109993,109998],{},[32,109990,109991,103571],{},[15,109992,16358],{},[32,109994,109995,109997],{},[15,109996,3198],{}," is the item to remove",[32,109999,110000],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,110002,110003],{},"Here is a small example:",[60,110005,110006],{"className":62,"code":109448,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,110007,110008,110028,110042],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,110009,110010,110012,110014,110016,110018,110020,110022,110024,110026],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,110011,76],{"class":75},[69,110013,80],{"class":79},[69,110015,11177],{"class":83},[69,110017,88],{"class":87},[69,110019,91],{"class":83},[69,110021,94],{"class":87},[69,110023,91],{"class":83},[69,110025,99],{"class":87},[69,110027,9994],{"class":83},[69,110029,110030,110032,110034,110036,110038,110040],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,110031,4366],{"class":75},[69,110033,537],{"class":83},[69,110035,35485],{"class":146},[69,110037,132],{"class":83},[69,110039,1155],{"class":87},[69,110041,166],{"class":83},[69,110043,110044,110046,110048,110050],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,110045,172],{"class":128},[69,110047,132],{"class":83},[69,110049,4366],{"class":146},[69,110051,166],{"class":83},[20,110053,110054],{},[42,110055,30718],{},[60,110057,110058],{"className":62,"code":101779,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,110059,110060],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,110061,110062,110064,110066,110068,110070],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,110063,9964],{"class":83},[69,110065,88],{"class":87},[69,110067,91],{"class":83},[69,110069,99],{"class":87},[69,110071,9994],{"class":83},[55,110073,12165],{"id":12164},[60,110075,110077],{"className":62,"code":110076,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,110078,110079,110111,110115,110133,110137],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,110080,110081,110083,110085,110087,110089,110091,110093,110095,110097,110099,110101,110103,110105,110107,110109],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,110082,36929],{"class":75},[69,110084,80],{"class":79},[69,110086,11177],{"class":83},[69,110088,871],{"class":699},[69,110090,874],{"class":703},[69,110092,871],{"class":699},[69,110094,91],{"class":83},[69,110096,881],{"class":699},[69,110098,893],{"class":703},[69,110100,871],{"class":699},[69,110102,91],{"class":83},[69,110104,881],{"class":699},[69,110106,33911],{"class":703},[69,110108,871],{"class":699},[69,110110,9994],{"class":83},[69,110112,110113],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,110114,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,110116,110117,110119,110121,110123,110125,110127,110129,110131],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,110118,36981],{"class":75},[69,110120,537],{"class":83},[69,110122,35485],{"class":146},[69,110124,132],{"class":83},[69,110126,871],{"class":699},[69,110128,893],{"class":703},[69,110130,871],{"class":699},[69,110132,166],{"class":83},[69,110134,110135],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,110136,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,110138,110139,110141,110143,110145],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,110140,172],{"class":128},[69,110142,132],{"class":83},[69,110144,36981],{"class":146},[69,110146,166],{"class":83},[20,110148,110149],{},[42,110150,30718],{},[60,110152,110154],{"className":62,"code":110153,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,110155,110156],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,110157,110158,110160,110162,110164,110166,110168,110170,110172,110174],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,110159,9964],{"class":83},[69,110161,706],{"class":699},[69,110163,874],{"class":703},[69,110165,706],{"class":699},[69,110167,91],{"class":83},[69,110169,700],{"class":699},[69,110171,33911],{"class":703},[69,110173,706],{"class":699},[69,110175,9994],{"class":83},[20,110177,110178,110179,110181],{},"This removes ",[15,110180,65752],{}," from the set.",[20,110183,110184,110185,110187,110188,537],{},"A set does ",[42,110186,5334],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[533,110189,96813],{"href":98364},[55,110191,110193],{"id":110192},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,110195,110196,110197,52969,110199,537],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,110198,56004],{},[15,110200,20378],{},[60,110202,110204],{"className":62,"code":110203,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,110205,110206,110238],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,110207,110208,110210,110212,110214,110216,110218,110220,110222,110224,110226,110228,110230,110232,110234,110236],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,110209,13768],{"class":75},[69,110211,80],{"class":79},[69,110213,11177],{"class":83},[69,110215,871],{"class":699},[69,110217,13785],{"class":703},[69,110219,871],{"class":699},[69,110221,91],{"class":83},[69,110223,881],{"class":699},[69,110225,13802],{"class":703},[69,110227,871],{"class":699},[69,110229,91],{"class":83},[69,110231,881],{"class":699},[69,110233,18145],{"class":703},[69,110235,871],{"class":699},[69,110237,9994],{"class":83},[69,110239,110240,110242,110244,110246,110248,110250,110252,110254],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,110241,18192],{"class":75},[69,110243,537],{"class":83},[69,110245,35485],{"class":146},[69,110247,132],{"class":83},[69,110249,871],{"class":699},[69,110251,23213],{"class":703},[69,110253,871],{"class":699},[69,110255,166],{"class":83},[20,110257,110258],{},[42,110259,110260],{},"Result:",[60,110262,110264],{"className":62,"code":110263,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,110265,110266],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,110267,110268,110270,110272,110274,110276],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,110269,20378],{"class":177},[69,110271,143],{"class":83},[69,110273,700],{"class":699},[69,110275,23213],{"class":703},[69,110277,30388],{"class":699},[20,110279,22878,110280,110283],{},[15,110281,110282],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,110285,110286,110287,110289],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,110288,56004],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,110291,110292,110293,537],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[533,110294,11951],{"href":11762},[55,110296,4902,110298,110300,110301],{"id":110297},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,110299,56004],{}," is different from ",[15,110302,103335],{},[20,110304,110305,5096,110307,110309],{},[15,110306,56004],{},[15,110308,103335],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[377,110311,110312],{"id":35485},[15,110313,56004],{},[29,110315,110316,110319],{},[32,110317,110318],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[32,110320,110321],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[60,110323,110325],{"className":62,"code":110324,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,110326,110327,110359],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,110328,110329,110331,110333,110335,110337,110339,110341,110343,110345,110347,110349,110351,110353,110355,110357],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,110330,36780],{"class":75},[69,110332,80],{"class":79},[69,110334,11177],{"class":83},[69,110336,871],{"class":699},[69,110338,533],{"class":703},[69,110340,871],{"class":699},[69,110342,91],{"class":83},[69,110344,881],{"class":699},[69,110346,5465],{"class":703},[69,110348,871],{"class":699},[69,110350,91],{"class":83},[69,110352,881],{"class":699},[69,110354,10425],{"class":703},[69,110356,871],{"class":699},[69,110358,9994],{"class":83},[69,110360,110361,110363,110365,110367,110369,110371,110373,110375],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,110362,36833],{"class":75},[69,110364,537],{"class":83},[69,110366,35485],{"class":146},[69,110368,132],{"class":83},[69,110370,871],{"class":699},[69,110372,19458],{"class":703},[69,110374,871],{"class":699},[69,110376,166],{"class":83},[20,110378,109135],{},[60,110380,110382],{"className":62,"code":110381,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,110383,110384],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,110385,110386,110388,110390,110392,110394],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,110387,20378],{"class":177},[69,110389,143],{"class":83},[69,110391,700],{"class":699},[69,110393,19458],{"class":703},[69,110395,30388],{"class":699},[377,110397,110398],{"id":103402},[15,110399,103335],{},[29,110401,110402,110404],{},[32,110403,110318],{},[32,110405,110406],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[60,110408,110410],{"className":62,"code":110409,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,110411,110412,110444,110462],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,110413,110414,110416,110418,110420,110422,110424,110426,110428,110430,110432,110434,110436,110438,110440,110442],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,110415,36780],{"class":75},[69,110417,80],{"class":79},[69,110419,11177],{"class":83},[69,110421,871],{"class":699},[69,110423,533],{"class":703},[69,110425,871],{"class":699},[69,110427,91],{"class":83},[69,110429,881],{"class":699},[69,110431,5465],{"class":703},[69,110433,871],{"class":699},[69,110435,91],{"class":83},[69,110437,881],{"class":699},[69,110439,10425],{"class":703},[69,110441,871],{"class":699},[69,110443,9994],{"class":83},[69,110445,110446,110448,110450,110452,110454,110456,110458,110460],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,110447,36833],{"class":75},[69,110449,537],{"class":83},[69,110451,103402],{"class":146},[69,110453,132],{"class":83},[69,110455,871],{"class":699},[69,110457,19458],{"class":703},[69,110459,871],{"class":699},[69,110461,166],{"class":83},[69,110463,110464,110466,110468,110470],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,110465,172],{"class":128},[69,110467,132],{"class":83},[69,110469,36833],{"class":146},[69,110471,166],{"class":83},[20,110473,110474],{},[42,110475,321],{},[60,110477,110479],{"className":62,"code":110478,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,110480,110481],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,110482,110483,110485,110487,110489,110491,110493,110495,110497,110499,110501,110503,110505,110507],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,110484,9964],{"class":83},[69,110486,706],{"class":699},[69,110488,533],{"class":703},[69,110490,706],{"class":699},[69,110492,91],{"class":83},[69,110494,700],{"class":699},[69,110496,5465],{"class":703},[69,110498,706],{"class":699},[69,110500,91],{"class":83},[69,110502,700],{"class":699},[69,110504,10425],{"class":703},[69,110506,706],{"class":699},[69,110508,9994],{"class":83},[20,110510,19385],{},[29,110512,110513,110518],{},[32,110514,110515,110517],{},[15,110516,56004],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[32,110519,110520,110522],{},[15,110521,103335],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,110524,110525,110526,537],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[533,110527,97295,110528,11428],{"href":108938},[15,110529,103335],{},[55,110531,5222],{"id":5221},[377,110533,1780,110535,97675],{"id":110534},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,110536,56004],{},[20,110538,110539,110541,110542,537],{},[15,110540,56004],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110543,1181],{},[20,110545,2235],{},[60,110547,110549],{"className":62,"code":110548,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110550,110551,110583,110605],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,110552,110553,110555,110557,110559,110561,110563,110565,110567,110569,110571,110573,110575,110577,110579,110581],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,110554,13768],{"class":75},[69,110556,80],{"class":79},[69,110558,11177],{"class":83},[69,110560,871],{"class":699},[69,110562,13785],{"class":703},[69,110564,871],{"class":699},[69,110566,91],{"class":83},[69,110568,881],{"class":699},[69,110570,13802],{"class":703},[69,110572,871],{"class":699},[69,110574,91],{"class":83},[69,110576,881],{"class":699},[69,110578,18145],{"class":703},[69,110580,871],{"class":699},[69,110582,9994],{"class":83},[69,110584,110585,110587,110589,110591,110593,110595,110597,110599,110601,110603],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,110586,13811],{"class":75},[69,110588,80],{"class":79},[69,110590,13816],{"class":75},[69,110592,537],{"class":83},[69,110594,35485],{"class":146},[69,110596,132],{"class":83},[69,110598,871],{"class":699},[69,110600,13802],{"class":703},[69,110602,871],{"class":699},[69,110604,166],{"class":83},[69,110606,110607,110609,110611,110613],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,110608,172],{"class":128},[69,110610,132],{"class":83},[69,110612,13835],{"class":146},[69,110614,166],{"class":83},[20,110616,110617],{},[42,110618,321],{},[60,110620,110621],{"className":62,"code":12499,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,110622,110623],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,110624,110625],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,110626,12499],{"class":1203},[20,110628,2253],{},[60,110630,110631],{"className":62,"code":109841,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,110632,110633,110665,110683],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,110634,110635,110637,110639,110641,110643,110645,110647,110649,110651,110653,110655,110657,110659,110661,110663],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,110636,13768],{"class":75},[69,110638,80],{"class":79},[69,110640,11177],{"class":83},[69,110642,871],{"class":699},[69,110644,13785],{"class":703},[69,110646,871],{"class":699},[69,110648,91],{"class":83},[69,110650,881],{"class":699},[69,110652,13802],{"class":703},[69,110654,871],{"class":699},[69,110656,91],{"class":83},[69,110658,881],{"class":699},[69,110660,18145],{"class":703},[69,110662,871],{"class":699},[69,110664,9994],{"class":83},[69,110666,110667,110669,110671,110673,110675,110677,110679,110681],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,110668,18192],{"class":75},[69,110670,537],{"class":83},[69,110672,35485],{"class":146},[69,110674,132],{"class":83},[69,110676,871],{"class":699},[69,110678,13802],{"class":703},[69,110680,871],{"class":699},[69,110682,166],{"class":83},[69,110684,110685,110687,110689,110691],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,110686,172],{"class":128},[69,110688,132],{"class":83},[69,110690,18192],{"class":146},[69,110692,166],{"class":83},[377,110694,110696],{"id":110695},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110698,110699,110700,537],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110701,20378],{},[60,110703,110705],{"className":62,"code":110704,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110706,110707,110731],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,110708,110709,110711,110713,110715,110717,110719,110721,110723,110725,110727,110729],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,110710,13768],{"class":75},[69,110712,80],{"class":79},[69,110714,11177],{"class":83},[69,110716,871],{"class":699},[69,110718,13785],{"class":703},[69,110720,871],{"class":699},[69,110722,91],{"class":83},[69,110724,881],{"class":699},[69,110726,13802],{"class":703},[69,110728,871],{"class":699},[69,110730,9994],{"class":83},[69,110732,110733,110735,110737,110739,110741,110743,110745,110747],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,110734,18192],{"class":75},[69,110736,537],{"class":83},[69,110738,35485],{"class":146},[69,110740,132],{"class":83},[69,110742,871],{"class":699},[69,110744,18145],{"class":703},[69,110746,871],{"class":699},[69,110748,166],{"class":83},[20,110750,110751,110752,143],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110753,1574],{},[60,110755,110757],{"className":62,"code":110756,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110758,110759,110783,110787,110803],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,110760,110761,110763,110765,110767,110769,110771,110773,110775,110777,110779,110781],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,110762,13768],{"class":75},[69,110764,80],{"class":79},[69,110766,11177],{"class":83},[69,110768,871],{"class":699},[69,110770,13785],{"class":703},[69,110772,871],{"class":699},[69,110774,91],{"class":83},[69,110776,881],{"class":699},[69,110778,13802],{"class":703},[69,110780,871],{"class":699},[69,110782,9994],{"class":83},[69,110784,110785],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,110786,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,110788,110789,110791,110793,110795,110797,110799,110801],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,110790,1712],{"class":1053},[69,110792,881],{"class":699},[69,110794,18145],{"class":703},[69,110796,871],{"class":699},[69,110798,21864],{"class":79},[69,110800,13816],{"class":75},[69,110802,1579],{"class":83},[69,110804,110805,110808,110810,110812,110814,110816,110818,110820],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,110806,110807],{"class":75},"    colors",[69,110809,537],{"class":83},[69,110811,35485],{"class":146},[69,110813,132],{"class":83},[69,110815,871],{"class":699},[69,110817,18145],{"class":703},[69,110819,871],{"class":699},[69,110821,166],{"class":83},[20,110823,110824,110825,110829],{},"Or use ",[533,110826,110827],{"href":108938},[15,110828,103335],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[377,110831,2309,110833,843,110835],{"id":110832},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110834,103349],{},[15,110836,55550],{},[20,110838,110839],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110841,110842,110843,110845],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110844,103349],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110847,110848,110849,537],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[533,110850,99559],{"href":99558},[377,110852,110854],{"id":110853},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110856,108844],{},[20,110858,110859],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[55,110861,2519],{"id":2518},[377,110863,2523,110865,97774],{"id":110864},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110866,103349],{},[20,110868,110869,110870,537],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110871,1181],{},[377,110873,30976,110875,110877],{"id":110874},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110876,103349],{}," raise?",[20,110879,30982,110880,110882],{},[15,110881,20378],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[377,110884,2580,110886,394,110888,3218],{"id":110885},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110887,56004],{},[15,110889,103335],{},[20,110891,1378,110892,110894,110895,110897],{},[15,110893,56004],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110896,103335],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[377,110899,5871,110901,110903],{"id":110900},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110902,103349],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110905,110906],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[55,110908,2620],{"id":2619},[29,110910,110911,110917,110923,110927,110931],{},[32,110912,110913],{},[533,110914,97295,110915,11428],{"href":108938},[15,110916,103335],{},[32,110918,110919],{},[533,110920,97295,110921,11428],{"href":98695},[15,110922,13454],{},[32,110924,110925],{},[533,110926,97819],{"href":98364},[32,110928,110929],{},[533,110930,100825],{"href":99558},[32,110932,110933],{},[533,110934,11951],{"href":11762},[2650,110936,110937],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":110939},[110940,110941,110943,110944,110945,110946,110951,110959,110969],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":109941,"depth":120,"text":110942},"What set.remove() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":12164,"depth":120,"text":12165},{"id":110192,"depth":120,"text":110193},{"id":110297,"depth":120,"text":110947,"children":110948},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110949,110950],{"id":35485,"depth":169,"text":56004},{"id":103402,"depth":169,"text":103335},{"id":5221,"depth":120,"text":5222,"children":110952},[110953,110955,110956,110958],{"id":110534,"depth":169,"text":110954},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110695,"depth":169,"text":110696},{"id":110832,"depth":169,"text":110957},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110853,"depth":169,"text":110854},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":110960},[110961,110963,110965,110967],{"id":110864,"depth":169,"text":110962},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110874,"depth":169,"text":110964},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110885,"depth":169,"text":110966},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110900,"depth":169,"text":110968},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109815,"description":110970},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110977,"title":110978,"body":110979,"description":112352,"extension":2697,"meta":112353,"navigation":272,"path":112354,"seo":112355,"stem":112356,"__hash__":112357},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110980,"toc":112327},[110981,110987,110993,110996,110999,111013,111015,111096,111099,111104,111108,111122,111129,111131,111150,111153,111171,111173,111253,111255,111280,111284,111287,111295,111300,111305,111307,111320,111325,111328,111352,111355,111363,111365,111368,111465,111467,111500,111502,111528,111535,111538,111542,111550,111554,111562,111564,111654,111656,111670,111677,111682,111687,111689,111780,111782,111794,111796,111810,111816,111824,111826,111908,111910,111955,111958,111966,111969,111971,111975,112018,112020,112040,112045,112047,112132,112134,112139,112141,112148,112156,112162,112165,112167,112253,112255,112279,112283,112286,112288,112315,112325],[10,110982,96681,110984,12011],{"id":110983},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110985,110986],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110988,110989,110992],{},[15,110990,110991],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110994,110995],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110997,110998],{},"Use it when:",[29,111000,111001,111004,111010],{},[32,111002,111003],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[32,111005,111006,111007,111009],{},"you do ",[42,111008,5334],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[32,111011,111012],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[55,111014,4327],{"id":4326},[60,111016,111018],{"className":62,"code":111017,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111019,111020,111040,111060,111064,111083],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,111021,111022,111024,111026,111028,111030,111032,111034,111036,111038],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,111023,3280],{"class":75},[69,111025,80],{"class":79},[69,111027,11177],{"class":83},[69,111029,88],{"class":87},[69,111031,91],{"class":83},[69,111033,94],{"class":87},[69,111035,91],{"class":83},[69,111037,99],{"class":87},[69,111039,9994],{"class":83},[69,111041,111042,111044,111046,111048,111050,111052,111054,111056,111058],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,111043,3308],{"class":75},[69,111045,80],{"class":79},[69,111047,11177],{"class":83},[69,111049,346],{"class":87},[69,111051,91],{"class":83},[69,111053,104],{"class":87},[69,111055,91],{"class":83},[69,111057,109],{"class":87},[69,111059,9994],{"class":83},[69,111061,111062],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,111063,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,111065,111066,111068,111070,111072,111074,111077,111079,111081],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,111067,123],{"class":75},[69,111069,80],{"class":79},[69,111071,57363],{"class":75},[69,111073,537],{"class":83},[69,111075,111076],{"class":146},"symmetric_difference",[69,111078,132],{"class":83},[69,111080,5465],{"class":146},[69,111082,166],{"class":83},[69,111084,111085,111087,111089,111091,111093],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,111086,172],{"class":128},[69,111088,132],{"class":83},[69,111090,183],{"class":146},[69,111092,938],{"class":83},[69,111094,111095],{"class":189},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,111097,111098],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[55,111100,202,111102,205],{"id":111101},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,111103,110986],{},[20,111105,111106,143],{},[15,111107,110991],{},[29,111109,111110,111113,111116,111119],{},[32,111111,111112],{},"returns a new set",[32,111114,111115],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[32,111117,111118],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[32,111120,111121],{},"does not change the original set",[20,111123,96805,111124,394,111126,537],{},[533,111125,96809],{"href":96808},[533,111127,111128],{"href":96812},"creating a set in Python",[55,111130,2888],{"id":2887},[60,111132,111134],{"className":62,"code":111133,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,111135,111136],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,111137,111138,111140,111142,111144,111146,111148],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,111139,101066],{"class":75},[69,111141,537],{"class":83},[69,111143,111076],{"class":146},[69,111145,132],{"class":83},[69,111147,101075],{"class":146},[69,111149,166],{"class":83},[20,111151,111152],{},"Notes:",[29,111154,111155,111160,111165,111168],{},[32,111156,111157,111159],{},[15,111158,101066],{}," must be a set",[32,111161,111162,111164],{},[15,111163,101075],{}," can be any iterable",[32,111166,111167],{},"the result is always a set",[32,111169,111170],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,111172,234],{},[60,111174,111176],{"className":62,"code":111175,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111177,111178,111199,111220,111224,111243],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,111179,111180,111183,111185,111187,111189,111191,111193,111195,111197],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,111181,111182],{"class":75},"set1 ",[69,111184,80],{"class":79},[69,111186,11177],{"class":83},[69,111188,88],{"class":87},[69,111190,91],{"class":83},[69,111192,94],{"class":87},[69,111194,91],{"class":83},[69,111196,99],{"class":87},[69,111198,9994],{"class":83},[69,111200,111201,111204,111206,111208,111210,111212,111214,111216,111218],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,111202,111203],{"class":75},"set2 ",[69,111205,80],{"class":79},[69,111207,11177],{"class":83},[69,111209,346],{"class":87},[69,111211,91],{"class":83},[69,111213,104],{"class":87},[69,111215,91],{"class":83},[69,111217,109],{"class":87},[69,111219,9994],{"class":83},[69,111221,111222],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,111223,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,111225,111226,111228,111230,111233,111235,111237,111239,111241],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,111227,123],{"class":75},[69,111229,80],{"class":79},[69,111231,111232],{"class":75}," set1",[69,111234,537],{"class":83},[69,111236,111076],{"class":146},[69,111238,132],{"class":83},[69,111240,101075],{"class":146},[69,111242,166],{"class":83},[69,111244,111245,111247,111249,111251],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,111246,172],{"class":128},[69,111248,132],{"class":83},[69,111250,183],{"class":146},[69,111252,166],{"class":83},[20,111254,321],{},[60,111256,111258],{"className":62,"code":111257,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111259,111260],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,111261,111262,111264,111266,111268,111270,111272,111274,111276,111278],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,111263,9964],{"class":83},[69,111265,88],{"class":87},[69,111267,91],{"class":83},[69,111269,94],{"class":87},[69,111271,91],{"class":83},[69,111273,104],{"class":87},[69,111275,91],{"class":83},[69,111277,109],{"class":87},[69,111279,9994],{"class":83},[55,111281,111283],{"id":111282},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,111285,111286],{},"The result includes:",[29,111288,111289,111292],{},[32,111290,111291],{},"items only in the first set",[32,111293,111294],{},"items only in the second set",[20,111296,111297,111298,11771],{},"The result does ",[42,111299,5334],{},[29,111301,111302],{},[32,111303,111304],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,111306,6172],{},[29,111308,111309,111314],{},[32,111310,111311,111312],{},"first set: ",[15,111313,100763],{},[32,111315,111316,111317],{},"second set: ",[15,111318,111319],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,111321,4755,111322,111324],{},[15,111323,346],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,111326,111327],{},"The output is:",[60,111329,111330],{"className":62,"code":111257,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,111331,111332],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,111333,111334,111336,111338,111340,111342,111344,111346,111348,111350],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,111335,9964],{"class":83},[69,111337,88],{"class":87},[69,111339,91],{"class":83},[69,111341,94],{"class":87},[69,111343,91],{"class":83},[69,111345,104],{"class":87},[69,111347,91],{"class":83},[69,111349,109],{"class":87},[69,111351,9994],{"class":83},[20,111353,111354],{},"Also remember:",[29,111356,111357,111360],{},[32,111358,111359],{},"sets are unordered",[32,111361,111362],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[55,111364,12165],{"id":12164},[20,111366,111367],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[60,111369,111371],{"className":62,"code":111370,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111372,111373,111405,111429,111433,111451,111455],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,111374,111375,111377,111379,111381,111383,111385,111387,111389,111391,111393,111395,111397,111399,111401,111403],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,111376,107506],{"class":75},[69,111378,80],{"class":79},[69,111380,11177],{"class":83},[69,111382,871],{"class":699},[69,111384,13785],{"class":703},[69,111386,871],{"class":699},[69,111388,91],{"class":83},[69,111390,881],{"class":699},[69,111392,13802],{"class":703},[69,111394,871],{"class":699},[69,111396,91],{"class":83},[69,111398,881],{"class":699},[69,111400,18145],{"class":703},[69,111402,871],{"class":699},[69,111404,9994],{"class":83},[69,111406,111407,111409,111411,111413,111415,111417,111419,111421,111423,111425,111427],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,111408,107539],{"class":75},[69,111410,80],{"class":79},[69,111412,11177],{"class":83},[69,111414,871],{"class":699},[69,111416,18145],{"class":703},[69,111418,871],{"class":699},[69,111420,91],{"class":83},[69,111422,881],{"class":699},[69,111424,23213],{"class":703},[69,111426,871],{"class":699},[69,111428,9994],{"class":83},[69,111430,111431],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,111432,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,111434,111435,111437,111439,111441,111443,111445,111447,111449],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,111436,123],{"class":75},[69,111438,80],{"class":79},[69,111440,107581],{"class":75},[69,111442,537],{"class":83},[69,111444,111076],{"class":146},[69,111446,132],{"class":83},[69,111448,107590],{"class":146},[69,111450,166],{"class":83},[69,111452,111453],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,111454,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,111456,111457,111459,111461,111463],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,111458,172],{"class":128},[69,111460,132],{"class":83},[69,111462,183],{"class":146},[69,111464,166],{"class":83},[20,111466,321],{},[60,111468,111470],{"className":62,"code":111469,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,111471,111472],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,111473,111474,111476,111478,111480,111482,111484,111486,111488,111490,111492,111494,111496,111498],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,111475,9964],{"class":83},[69,111477,706],{"class":699},[69,111479,13785],{"class":703},[69,111481,706],{"class":699},[69,111483,91],{"class":83},[69,111485,700],{"class":699},[69,111487,13802],{"class":703},[69,111489,706],{"class":699},[69,111491,91],{"class":83},[69,111493,700],{"class":699},[69,111495,23213],{"class":703},[69,111497,706],{"class":699},[69,111499,9994],{"class":83},[20,111501,14102],{},[29,111503,111504,111509,111520],{},[32,111505,111506,111508],{},[15,111507,96974],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[32,111510,111511,5096,111513,111516,111517,111519],{},[15,111512,65870],{},[15,111514,111515],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,111518,107643],{},", so they stay",[32,111521,111522,111524,111525,111527],{},[15,111523,110282],{}," is only in ",[15,111526,107590],{},", so it stays",[55,111529,111531,11272,111533],{"id":111530},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,111532,110986],{},[15,111534,100895],{},[20,111536,111537],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,111539,111540,143],{},[15,111541,100895],{},[29,111543,111544,111547],{},[32,111545,111546],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[32,111548,111549],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111551,111552,143],{},[15,111553,110986],{},[29,111555,111556,111559],{},[32,111557,111558],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[32,111560,111561],{},"removes shared items",[20,111563,234],{},[60,111565,111567],{"className":62,"code":111566,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111568,111569,111589,111609,111613,111634],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,111570,111571,111573,111575,111577,111579,111581,111583,111585,111587],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,111572,3280],{"class":75},[69,111574,80],{"class":79},[69,111576,11177],{"class":83},[69,111578,88],{"class":87},[69,111580,91],{"class":83},[69,111582,94],{"class":87},[69,111584,91],{"class":83},[69,111586,99],{"class":87},[69,111588,9994],{"class":83},[69,111590,111591,111593,111595,111597,111599,111601,111603,111605,111607],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,111592,3308],{"class":75},[69,111594,80],{"class":79},[69,111596,11177],{"class":83},[69,111598,346],{"class":87},[69,111600,91],{"class":83},[69,111602,104],{"class":87},[69,111604,91],{"class":83},[69,111606,109],{"class":87},[69,111608,9994],{"class":83},[69,111610,111611],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,111612,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,111614,111615,111617,111619,111621,111623,111625,111627,111629,111631],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,111616,172],{"class":128},[69,111618,132],{"class":83},[69,111620,533],{"class":146},[69,111622,537],{"class":83},[69,111624,3538],{"class":146},[69,111626,132],{"class":83},[69,111628,5465],{"class":146},[69,111630,186],{"class":83},[69,111632,111633],{"class":189},"            # {1, 2}\n",[69,111635,111636,111638,111640,111642,111644,111646,111648,111650,111652],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,111637,172],{"class":128},[69,111639,132],{"class":83},[69,111641,533],{"class":146},[69,111643,537],{"class":83},[69,111645,111076],{"class":146},[69,111647,132],{"class":83},[69,111649,5465],{"class":146},[69,111651,186],{"class":83},[69,111653,111095],{"class":189},[20,111655,19385],{},[29,111657,111658,111665],{},[32,111659,111660,111664],{},[533,111661,111662],{"href":103321},[15,111663,100895],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[32,111666,111667,111669],{},[15,111668,110986],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[55,111671,111673,11272,111675],{"id":111672},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111674,110986],{},[15,111676,103280],{},[20,111678,111679,111681],{},[15,111680,103280],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111683,111684,111686],{},[15,111685,110986],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111688,234],{},[60,111690,111692],{"className":62,"code":111691,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111693,111694,111714,111734,111738,111760],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,111695,111696,111698,111700,111702,111704,111706,111708,111710,111712],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,111697,3280],{"class":75},[69,111699,80],{"class":79},[69,111701,11177],{"class":83},[69,111703,88],{"class":87},[69,111705,91],{"class":83},[69,111707,94],{"class":87},[69,111709,91],{"class":83},[69,111711,99],{"class":87},[69,111713,9994],{"class":83},[69,111715,111716,111718,111720,111722,111724,111726,111728,111730,111732],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,111717,3308],{"class":75},[69,111719,80],{"class":79},[69,111721,11177],{"class":83},[69,111723,346],{"class":87},[69,111725,91],{"class":83},[69,111727,104],{"class":87},[69,111729,91],{"class":83},[69,111731,109],{"class":87},[69,111733,9994],{"class":83},[69,111735,111736],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,111737,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,111739,111740,111742,111744,111746,111748,111751,111753,111755,111757],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,111741,172],{"class":128},[69,111743,132],{"class":83},[69,111745,533],{"class":146},[69,111747,537],{"class":83},[69,111749,111750],{"class":146},"union",[69,111752,132],{"class":83},[69,111754,5465],{"class":146},[69,111756,186],{"class":83},[69,111758,111759],{"class":189},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[69,111761,111762,111764,111766,111768,111770,111772,111774,111776,111778],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,111763,172],{"class":128},[69,111765,132],{"class":83},[69,111767,533],{"class":146},[69,111769,537],{"class":83},[69,111771,111076],{"class":146},[69,111773,132],{"class":83},[69,111775,5465],{"class":146},[69,111777,186],{"class":83},[69,111779,111095],{"class":189},[20,111781,27909],{},[29,111783,111784,111789],{},[32,111785,111786,111788],{},[15,111787,103280],{}," includes everything",[32,111790,111791,111793],{},[15,111792,110986],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111795,19385],{},[29,111797,111798,111805],{},[32,111799,111800,111804],{},[533,111801,111802],{"href":108211},[15,111803,103280],{}," when overlap does not matter",[32,111806,111807,111809],{},[15,111808,110986],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[55,111811,37303,111813,102079],{"id":111812},"using-the-operator",[15,111814,111815],{},"^",[20,111817,111818,111819,111821,111822,537],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111820,111815],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111823,110986],{},[20,111825,234],{},[60,111827,111829],{"className":62,"code":111828,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111830,111831,111851,111871,111875,111893],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,111832,111833,111835,111837,111839,111841,111843,111845,111847,111849],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,111834,111182],{"class":75},[69,111836,80],{"class":79},[69,111838,11177],{"class":83},[69,111840,88],{"class":87},[69,111842,91],{"class":83},[69,111844,94],{"class":87},[69,111846,91],{"class":83},[69,111848,99],{"class":87},[69,111850,9994],{"class":83},[69,111852,111853,111855,111857,111859,111861,111863,111865,111867,111869],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,111854,111203],{"class":75},[69,111856,80],{"class":79},[69,111858,11177],{"class":83},[69,111860,346],{"class":87},[69,111862,91],{"class":83},[69,111864,104],{"class":87},[69,111866,91],{"class":83},[69,111868,109],{"class":87},[69,111870,9994],{"class":83},[69,111872,111873],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,111874,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,111876,111877,111879,111881,111883,111885,111887,111889,111891],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,111878,172],{"class":128},[69,111880,132],{"class":83},[69,111882,101066],{"class":146},[69,111884,537],{"class":83},[69,111886,111076],{"class":146},[69,111888,132],{"class":83},[69,111890,101075],{"class":146},[69,111892,318],{"class":83},[69,111894,111895,111897,111899,111901,111903,111906],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,111896,172],{"class":128},[69,111898,132],{"class":83},[69,111900,111182],{"class":146},[69,111902,111815],{"class":79},[69,111904,111905],{"class":146}," set2",[69,111907,166],{"class":83},[20,111909,30718],{},[60,111911,111913],{"className":62,"code":111912,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111914,111915,111935],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,111916,111917,111919,111921,111923,111925,111927,111929,111931,111933],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,111918,9964],{"class":83},[69,111920,88],{"class":87},[69,111922,91],{"class":83},[69,111924,94],{"class":87},[69,111926,91],{"class":83},[69,111928,104],{"class":87},[69,111930,91],{"class":83},[69,111932,109],{"class":87},[69,111934,9994],{"class":83},[69,111936,111937,111939,111941,111943,111945,111947,111949,111951,111953],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,111938,9964],{"class":83},[69,111940,88],{"class":87},[69,111942,91],{"class":83},[69,111944,94],{"class":87},[69,111946,91],{"class":83},[69,111948,104],{"class":87},[69,111950,91],{"class":83},[69,111952,109],{"class":87},[69,111954,9994],{"class":83},[20,111956,111957],{},"Both forms:",[29,111959,111960,111963],{},[32,111961,111962],{},"return a new set",[32,111964,111965],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111967,111968],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[55,111970,5222],{"id":5221},[20,111972,21902,111973,143],{},[15,111974,110986],{},[29,111976,111977,111985,111995,112010],{},[32,111978,111979,111982,111984],{},[42,111980,111981],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10532,111983],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[32,111986,111987,111990,111992,111994],{},[42,111988,111989],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10532,111991],{},[15,111993,110986],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[32,111996,111997,112002,112004,112006,112007,112009],{},[42,111998,111999,112000],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,112001,100895],{},[10532,112003],{},[15,112005,100895],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,112008,110986],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[32,112011,112012,112015,112017],{},[42,112013,112014],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10532,112016],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,112019,59338],{},[29,112021,112022,112031,112034,112037],{},[32,112023,50965,112024,45101,112026,112030],{},[15,112025,110986],{},[533,112027,112028],{"href":108211},[15,112029,103280],{}," is actually needed",[32,112032,112033],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[32,112035,112036],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[32,112038,112039],{},"being confused by output order",[20,112041,112042,112043,537],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[533,112044,99559],{"href":105824},[20,112046,62772],{},[60,112048,112050],{"className":62,"code":112049,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,112051,112052,112062,112072,112090,112104,112118],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,112053,112054,112056,112058,112060],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,112055,172],{"class":128},[69,112057,132],{"class":83},[69,112059,101066],{"class":146},[69,112061,166],{"class":83},[69,112063,112064,112066,112068,112070],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,112065,172],{"class":128},[69,112067,132],{"class":83},[69,112069,101075],{"class":146},[69,112071,166],{"class":83},[69,112073,112074,112076,112078,112080,112082,112084,112086,112088],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,112075,172],{"class":128},[69,112077,132],{"class":83},[69,112079,101066],{"class":146},[69,112081,537],{"class":83},[69,112083,111076],{"class":146},[69,112085,132],{"class":83},[69,112087,101075],{"class":146},[69,112089,318],{"class":83},[69,112091,112092,112094,112096,112098,112100,112102],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,112093,172],{"class":128},[69,112095,132],{"class":83},[69,112097,111182],{"class":146},[69,112099,111815],{"class":79},[69,112101,111905],{"class":146},[69,112103,166],{"class":83},[69,112105,112106,112108,112110,112112,112114,112116],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,112107,172],{"class":128},[69,112109,132],{"class":83},[69,112111,641],{"class":177},[69,112113,132],{"class":83},[69,112115,101066],{"class":146},[69,112117,318],{"class":83},[69,112119,112120,112122,112124,112126,112128,112130],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,112121,172],{"class":128},[69,112123,132],{"class":83},[69,112125,641],{"class":177},[69,112127,132],{"class":83},[69,112129,101075],{"class":146},[69,112131,318],{"class":83},[55,112133,2519],{"id":2518},[377,112135,2523,112137,103220],{"id":112136},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,112138,110986],{},[20,112140,103223],{},[377,112142,5881,112144,5096,112146,3218],{"id":112143},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,112145,110986],{},[15,112147,100895],{},[20,112149,112150,112152,112153,112155],{},[15,112151,100895],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,112154,110986],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[377,112157,2551,112159,112161],{"id":112158},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,112160,110986],{}," with lists?",[20,112163,112164],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,112166,234],{},[60,112168,112170],{"className":62,"code":112169,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,112171,112172,112192,112212,112216,112243],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,112173,112174,112176,112178,112180,112182,112184,112186,112188,112190],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,112175,81136],{"class":75},[69,112177,80],{"class":79},[69,112179,84],{"class":83},[69,112181,88],{"class":87},[69,112183,91],{"class":83},[69,112185,94],{"class":87},[69,112187,91],{"class":83},[69,112189,99],{"class":87},[69,112191,117],{"class":83},[69,112193,112194,112196,112198,112200,112202,112204,112206,112208,112210],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,112195,81157],{"class":75},[69,112197,80],{"class":79},[69,112199,84],{"class":83},[69,112201,346],{"class":87},[69,112203,91],{"class":83},[69,112205,104],{"class":87},[69,112207,91],{"class":83},[69,112209,109],{"class":87},[69,112211,117],{"class":83},[69,112213,112214],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,112215,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,112217,112218,112220,112222,112224,112226,112229,112231,112233,112235,112237,112239,112241],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,112219,123],{"class":75},[69,112221,80],{"class":79},[69,112223,16325],{"class":177},[69,112225,132],{"class":83},[69,112227,112228],{"class":146},"list1",[69,112230,9317],{"class":83},[69,112232,111076],{"class":146},[69,112234,132],{"class":83},[69,112236,6982],{"class":177},[69,112238,132],{"class":83},[69,112240,81423],{"class":146},[69,112242,318],{"class":83},[69,112244,112245,112247,112249,112251],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,112246,172],{"class":128},[69,112248,132],{"class":83},[69,112250,183],{"class":146},[69,112252,166],{"class":83},[20,112254,321],{},[60,112256,112257],{"className":62,"code":111257,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,112258,112259],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,112260,112261,112263,112265,112267,112269,112271,112273,112275,112277],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,112262,9964],{"class":83},[69,112264,88],{"class":87},[69,112266,91],{"class":83},[69,112268,94],{"class":87},[69,112270,91],{"class":83},[69,112272,104],{"class":87},[69,112274,91],{"class":83},[69,112276,109],{"class":87},[69,112278,9994],{"class":83},[377,112280,112282],{"id":112281},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,112284,112285],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[55,112287,2620],{"id":2619},[29,112289,112290,112294,112299,112305,112311],{},[32,112291,112292],{},[533,112293,96809],{"href":96808},[32,112295,112296],{},[533,112297,112298],{"href":96812},"Creating a set in Python",[32,112300,112301],{},[533,112302,97295,112303,11428],{"href":103321},[15,112304,100895],{},[32,112306,112307],{},[533,112308,97295,112309,11428],{"href":108211},[15,112310,103280],{},[32,112312,112313],{},[533,112314,100825],{"href":105824},[20,112316,112317,112318,2920,112320,2574,112322,112324],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,112319,100895],{},[15,112321,103280],{},[15,112323,110986],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2650,112326,57717],{},{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":112328},[112329,112330,112332,112333,112334,112335,112337,112339,112341,112342,112351],{"id":4326,"depth":120,"text":4327},{"id":111101,"depth":120,"text":112331},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":111282,"depth":120,"text":111283},{"id":12164,"depth":120,"text":12165},{"id":111530,"depth":120,"text":112336},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111672,"depth":120,"text":112338},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111812,"depth":120,"text":112340},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":5221,"depth":120,"text":5222},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":112343},[112344,112346,112348,112350],{"id":112136,"depth":169,"text":112345},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":112143,"depth":169,"text":112347},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":112158,"depth":169,"text":112349},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":112281,"depth":169,"text":112282},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110978,"description":112352},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":112359,"title":112360,"body":112361,"description":114424,"extension":2697,"meta":114425,"navigation":272,"path":108211,"seo":114426,"stem":114427,"__hash__":114428},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":112362,"toc":114383},[112363,112368,112373,112376,112389,112391,112473,112478,112483,112487,112499,112502,112506,112508,112535,112537,112548,112551,112620,112622,112628,112631,112641,112643,112732,112737,112739,112746,112749,112751,112754,112874,112876,112945,112948,112965,112970,112973,113089,113091,113120,113123,113129,113134,113138,113219,113221,113249,113254,113258,113353,113355,113396,113400,113403,113470,113472,113513,113519,113534,113541,113548,113552,113558,113644,113648,113656,113727,113732,113739,113741,113747,113749,113814,113816,113832,113837,113840,113909,113913,113916,113975,113978,113982,114035,114048,114051,114104,114108,114110,114141,114144,114149,114202,114206,114209,114230,114242,114244,114297,114299,114304,114306,114312,114315,114321,114326,114330,114333,114341,114350,114352,114380],[10,112364,13,112366,12011],{"id":112365},"python-setunion-method",[15,112367,108524],{},[20,112369,112370,112372],{},[15,112371,108524],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,112374,112375],{},"It is useful when you want:",[29,112377,112378,112381,112386],{},[32,112379,112380],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[32,112382,3280,112383,112385],{},[42,112384,101250],{}," as the result",[32,112387,112388],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[55,112390,58],{"id":57},[60,112392,112394],{"className":62,"code":112393,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112395,112396,112416,112436,112440,112458,112468],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,112397,112398,112400,112402,112404,112406,112408,112410,112412,112414],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,112399,111182],{"class":75},[69,112401,80],{"class":79},[69,112403,11177],{"class":83},[69,112405,88],{"class":87},[69,112407,91],{"class":83},[69,112409,94],{"class":87},[69,112411,91],{"class":83},[69,112413,99],{"class":87},[69,112415,9994],{"class":83},[69,112417,112418,112420,112422,112424,112426,112428,112430,112432,112434],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,112419,111203],{"class":75},[69,112421,80],{"class":79},[69,112423,11177],{"class":83},[69,112425,346],{"class":87},[69,112427,91],{"class":83},[69,112429,104],{"class":87},[69,112431,91],{"class":83},[69,112433,109],{"class":87},[69,112435,9994],{"class":83},[69,112437,112438],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,112439,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,112441,112442,112444,112446,112448,112450,112452,112454,112456],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,112443,123],{"class":75},[69,112445,80],{"class":79},[69,112447,111232],{"class":75},[69,112449,537],{"class":83},[69,112451,111750],{"class":146},[69,112453,132],{"class":83},[69,112455,101075],{"class":146},[69,112457,166],{"class":83},[69,112459,112460,112462,112464,112466],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,112461,172],{"class":128},[69,112463,132],{"class":83},[69,112465,183],{"class":146},[69,112467,166],{"class":83},[69,112469,112470],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,112471,112472],{"class":189},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,112474,112475,112477],{},[15,112476,103280],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[55,112479,202,112481,205],{"id":112480},"what-setunion-does",[15,112482,108524],{},[20,112484,112485,143],{},[15,112486,108524],{},[29,112488,112489,112492,112495,112497],{},[32,112490,112491],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[32,112493,112494],{},"keeps only unique values",[32,112496,111112],{},[32,112498,111121],{},[20,112500,112501],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,112503,96805,112504,537],{},[533,112505,96809],{"href":97980},[55,112507,2888],{"id":2887},[60,112509,112511],{"className":62,"code":112510,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,112512,112513],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,112514,112515,112517,112519,112521,112523,112525,112527,112529,112531,112533],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,112516,101066],{"class":75},[69,112518,537],{"class":83},[69,112520,111750],{"class":146},[69,112522,132],{"class":83},[69,112524,101075],{"class":146},[69,112526,91],{"class":83},[69,112528,101102],{"class":146},[69,112530,91],{"class":83},[69,112532,35144],{"class":128},[69,112534,166],{"class":83},[20,112536,13744],{},[29,112538,112539,112542,112545],{},[32,112540,112541],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[32,112543,112544],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[32,112546,112547],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,112549,112550],{},"Example with two sets:",[60,112552,112554],{"className":62,"code":112553,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112555,112556,112572,112588,112592,112610],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,112557,112558,112560,112562,112564,112566,112568,112570],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,112559,3280],{"class":75},[69,112561,80],{"class":79},[69,112563,11177],{"class":83},[69,112565,88],{"class":87},[69,112567,91],{"class":83},[69,112569,94],{"class":87},[69,112571,9994],{"class":83},[69,112573,112574,112576,112578,112580,112582,112584,112586],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,112575,3308],{"class":75},[69,112577,80],{"class":79},[69,112579,11177],{"class":83},[69,112581,1155],{"class":87},[69,112583,91],{"class":83},[69,112585,99],{"class":87},[69,112587,9994],{"class":83},[69,112589,112590],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,112591,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,112593,112594,112596,112598,112600,112602,112604,112606,112608],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,112595,123],{"class":75},[69,112597,80],{"class":79},[69,112599,57363],{"class":75},[69,112601,537],{"class":83},[69,112603,111750],{"class":146},[69,112605,132],{"class":83},[69,112607,5465],{"class":146},[69,112609,166],{"class":83},[69,112611,112612,112614,112616,112618],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,112613,172],{"class":128},[69,112615,132],{"class":83},[69,112617,183],{"class":146},[69,112619,166],{"class":83},[55,112621,22660],{"id":22659},[20,112623,112624,101247,112626,537],{},[15,112625,108524],{},[42,112627,101250],{},[20,112629,112630],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[29,112632,112633,112636],{},[32,112634,112635],{},"the original set",[32,112637,112638,112639],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112640,103280],{},[20,112642,234],{},[60,112644,112646],{"className":62,"code":112645,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112647,112648,112664,112680,112684,112702,112706,112719],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,112649,112650,112652,112654,112656,112658,112660,112662],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,112651,3280],{"class":75},[69,112653,80],{"class":79},[69,112655,11177],{"class":83},[69,112657,88],{"class":87},[69,112659,91],{"class":83},[69,112661,94],{"class":87},[69,112663,9994],{"class":83},[69,112665,112666,112668,112670,112672,112674,112676,112678],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,112667,3308],{"class":75},[69,112669,80],{"class":79},[69,112671,11177],{"class":83},[69,112673,1155],{"class":87},[69,112675,91],{"class":83},[69,112677,99],{"class":87},[69,112679,9994],{"class":83},[69,112681,112682],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,112683,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,112685,112686,112688,112690,112692,112694,112696,112698,112700],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,112687,123],{"class":75},[69,112689,80],{"class":79},[69,112691,57363],{"class":75},[69,112693,537],{"class":83},[69,112695,111750],{"class":146},[69,112697,132],{"class":83},[69,112699,5465],{"class":146},[69,112701,166],{"class":83},[69,112703,112704],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,112705,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,112707,112708,112710,112712,112714,112716],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,112709,172],{"class":128},[69,112711,132],{"class":83},[69,112713,183],{"class":146},[69,112715,938],{"class":83},[69,112717,112718],{"class":189},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[69,112720,112721,112723,112725,112727,112729],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,112722,172],{"class":128},[69,112724,132],{"class":83},[69,112726,533],{"class":146},[69,112728,938],{"class":83},[69,112730,112731],{"class":189},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112733,3013,112734,112736],{},[15,112735,533],{}," did not change.",[20,112738,111354],{},[29,112740,112741,112743],{},[32,112742,111359],{},[32,112744,112745],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112747,112748],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[55,112750,12165],{"id":12164},[20,112752,112753],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[60,112755,112757],{"className":62,"code":112756,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112758,112759,112792,112825,112829,112849,112853,112863],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,112760,112761,112764,112766,112768,112770,112772,112774,112776,112778,112780,112782,112784,112786,112788,112790],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,112762,112763],{"class":75},"fruits1 ",[69,112765,80],{"class":79},[69,112767,11177],{"class":83},[69,112769,871],{"class":699},[69,112771,874],{"class":703},[69,112773,871],{"class":699},[69,112775,91],{"class":83},[69,112777,881],{"class":699},[69,112779,893],{"class":703},[69,112781,871],{"class":699},[69,112783,91],{"class":83},[69,112785,881],{"class":699},[69,112787,33911],{"class":703},[69,112789,871],{"class":699},[69,112791,9994],{"class":83},[69,112793,112794,112797,112799,112801,112803,112805,112807,112809,112811,112813,112815,112817,112819,112821,112823],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,112795,112796],{"class":75},"fruits2 ",[69,112798,80],{"class":79},[69,112800,11177],{"class":83},[69,112802,871],{"class":699},[69,112804,893],{"class":703},[69,112806,871],{"class":699},[69,112808,91],{"class":83},[69,112810,881],{"class":699},[69,112812,23222],{"class":703},[69,112814,871],{"class":699},[69,112816,91],{"class":83},[69,112818,881],{"class":699},[69,112820,33911],{"class":703},[69,112822,871],{"class":699},[69,112824,9994],{"class":83},[69,112826,112827],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,112828,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,112830,112831,112833,112835,112838,112840,112842,112844,112847],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,112832,123],{"class":75},[69,112834,80],{"class":79},[69,112836,112837],{"class":75}," fruits1",[69,112839,537],{"class":83},[69,112841,111750],{"class":146},[69,112843,132],{"class":83},[69,112845,112846],{"class":146},"fruits2",[69,112848,166],{"class":83},[69,112850,112851],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,112852,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,112854,112855,112857,112859,112861],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,112856,172],{"class":128},[69,112858,132],{"class":83},[69,112860,183],{"class":146},[69,112862,166],{"class":83},[69,112864,112865,112867,112869,112872],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,112866,172],{"class":128},[69,112868,132],{"class":83},[69,112870,112871],{"class":146},"fruits1",[69,112873,166],{"class":83},[20,112875,30718],{},[60,112877,112879],{"className":62,"code":112878,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112880,112881,112917],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,112882,112883,112885,112887,112889,112891,112893,112895,112897,112899,112901,112903,112905,112907,112909,112911,112913,112915],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,112884,9964],{"class":83},[69,112886,706],{"class":699},[69,112888,893],{"class":703},[69,112890,706],{"class":699},[69,112892,91],{"class":83},[69,112894,700],{"class":699},[69,112896,33911],{"class":703},[69,112898,706],{"class":699},[69,112900,91],{"class":83},[69,112902,700],{"class":699},[69,112904,874],{"class":703},[69,112906,706],{"class":699},[69,112908,91],{"class":83},[69,112910,700],{"class":699},[69,112912,23222],{"class":703},[69,112914,706],{"class":699},[69,112916,9994],{"class":83},[69,112918,112919,112921,112923,112925,112927,112929,112931,112933,112935,112937,112939,112941,112943],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,112920,9964],{"class":83},[69,112922,706],{"class":699},[69,112924,893],{"class":703},[69,112926,706],{"class":699},[69,112928,91],{"class":83},[69,112930,700],{"class":699},[69,112932,33911],{"class":703},[69,112934,706],{"class":699},[69,112936,91],{"class":83},[69,112938,700],{"class":699},[69,112940,874],{"class":703},[69,112942,706],{"class":699},[69,112944,9994],{"class":83},[20,112946,112947],{},"What this shows:",[29,112949,112950,112957,112960],{},[32,112951,112952,5096,112954,112956],{},[15,112953,65752],{},[15,112955,66179],{}," appear in both sets",[32,112958,112959],{},"they appear only once in the result",[32,112961,112962,112964],{},[15,112963,112871],{}," stays unchanged",[55,112966,840,112968,101639],{"id":112967},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112969,103280],{},[20,112971,112972],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[60,112974,112976],{"className":62,"code":112975,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112977,112978,112994,113010,113027,113044,113048,113075,113079],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,112979,112980,112982,112984,112986,112988,112990,112992],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,112981,111182],{"class":75},[69,112983,80],{"class":79},[69,112985,11177],{"class":83},[69,112987,88],{"class":87},[69,112989,91],{"class":83},[69,112991,94],{"class":87},[69,112993,9994],{"class":83},[69,112995,112996,112998,113000,113002,113004,113006,113008],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,112997,111203],{"class":75},[69,112999,80],{"class":79},[69,113001,11177],{"class":83},[69,113003,1155],{"class":87},[69,113005,91],{"class":83},[69,113007,99],{"class":87},[69,113009,9994],{"class":83},[69,113011,113012,113015,113017,113019,113021,113023,113025],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,113013,113014],{"class":75},"set3 ",[69,113016,80],{"class":79},[69,113018,11177],{"class":83},[69,113020,346],{"class":87},[69,113022,91],{"class":83},[69,113024,104],{"class":87},[69,113026,9994],{"class":83},[69,113028,113029,113032,113034,113036,113038,113040,113042],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,113030,113031],{"class":75},"set4 ",[69,113033,80],{"class":79},[69,113035,11177],{"class":83},[69,113037,334],{"class":87},[69,113039,91],{"class":83},[69,113041,109],{"class":87},[69,113043,9994],{"class":83},[69,113045,113046],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,113047,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,113049,113050,113052,113054,113056,113058,113060,113062,113064,113066,113068,113070,113073],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,113051,123],{"class":75},[69,113053,80],{"class":79},[69,113055,111232],{"class":75},[69,113057,537],{"class":83},[69,113059,111750],{"class":146},[69,113061,132],{"class":83},[69,113063,101075],{"class":146},[69,113065,91],{"class":83},[69,113067,101102],{"class":146},[69,113069,91],{"class":83},[69,113071,113072],{"class":146}," set4",[69,113074,166],{"class":83},[69,113076,113077],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,113078,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,113080,113081,113083,113085,113087],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,113082,172],{"class":128},[69,113084,132],{"class":83},[69,113086,183],{"class":146},[69,113088,166],{"class":83},[20,113090,30718],{},[60,113092,113094],{"className":62,"code":113093,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,113095,113096],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,113097,113098,113100,113102,113104,113106,113108,113110,113112,113114,113116,113118],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,113099,9964],{"class":83},[69,113101,88],{"class":87},[69,113103,91],{"class":83},[69,113105,94],{"class":87},[69,113107,91],{"class":83},[69,113109,99],{"class":87},[69,113111,91],{"class":83},[69,113113,104],{"class":87},[69,113115,91],{"class":83},[69,113117,109],{"class":87},[69,113119,9994],{"class":83},[20,113121,113122],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[55,113124,840,113126,113128],{"id":113125},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,113127,103280],{}," with other iterables",[20,113130,113131,113133],{},[15,113132,103280],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[377,113135,113137],{"id":113136},"with-a-list","With a list",[60,113139,113141],{"className":62,"code":113140,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,113142,113143,113163,113187,113191,113209],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,113144,113145,113147,113149,113151,113153,113155,113157,113159,113161],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,113146,76],{"class":75},[69,113148,80],{"class":79},[69,113150,11177],{"class":83},[69,113152,88],{"class":87},[69,113154,91],{"class":83},[69,113156,94],{"class":87},[69,113158,91],{"class":83},[69,113160,99],{"class":87},[69,113162,9994],{"class":83},[69,113164,113165,113167,113169,113171,113173,113175,113177,113179,113181,113183,113185],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,113166,61524],{"class":75},[69,113168,80],{"class":79},[69,113170,84],{"class":83},[69,113172,346],{"class":87},[69,113174,91],{"class":83},[69,113176,104],{"class":87},[69,113178,91],{"class":83},[69,113180,109],{"class":87},[69,113182,91],{"class":83},[69,113184,109],{"class":87},[69,113186,117],{"class":83},[69,113188,113189],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,113190,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,113192,113193,113195,113197,113199,113201,113203,113205,113207],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,113194,123],{"class":75},[69,113196,80],{"class":79},[69,113198,163],{"class":75},[69,113200,537],{"class":83},[69,113202,111750],{"class":146},[69,113204,132],{"class":83},[69,113206,61553],{"class":146},[69,113208,166],{"class":83},[69,113210,113211,113213,113215,113217],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,113212,172],{"class":128},[69,113214,132],{"class":83},[69,113216,183],{"class":146},[69,113218,166],{"class":83},[20,113220,30718],{},[60,113222,113223],{"className":62,"code":113093,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,113224,113225],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,113226,113227,113229,113231,113233,113235,113237,113239,113241,113243,113245,113247],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,113228,9964],{"class":83},[69,113230,88],{"class":87},[69,113232,91],{"class":83},[69,113234,94],{"class":87},[69,113236,91],{"class":83},[69,113238,99],{"class":87},[69,113240,91],{"class":83},[69,113242,104],{"class":87},[69,113244,91],{"class":83},[69,113246,109],{"class":87},[69,113248,9994],{"class":83},[20,113250,21668,113251,113253],{},[15,113252,2866],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[377,113255,113257],{"id":113256},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[60,113259,113261],{"className":62,"code":113260,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,113262,113263,113287,113320,113324,113343],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,113264,113265,113267,113269,113271,113273,113275,113277,113279,113281,113283,113285],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,113266,36780],{"class":75},[69,113268,80],{"class":79},[69,113270,11177],{"class":83},[69,113272,871],{"class":699},[69,113274,533],{"class":703},[69,113276,871],{"class":699},[69,113278,91],{"class":83},[69,113280,881],{"class":699},[69,113282,5465],{"class":703},[69,113284,871],{"class":699},[69,113286,9994],{"class":83},[69,113288,113289,113292,113294,113296,113298,113300,113302,113304,113306,113308,113310,113312,113314,113316,113318],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,113290,113291],{"class":75},"more_letters ",[69,113293,80],{"class":79},[69,113295,441],{"class":83},[69,113297,871],{"class":699},[69,113299,5465],{"class":703},[69,113301,871],{"class":699},[69,113303,91],{"class":83},[69,113305,881],{"class":699},[69,113307,10425],{"class":703},[69,113309,871],{"class":699},[69,113311,91],{"class":83},[69,113313,881],{"class":699},[69,113315,19458],{"class":703},[69,113317,871],{"class":699},[69,113319,166],{"class":83},[69,113321,113322],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,113323,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,113325,113326,113328,113330,113332,113334,113336,113338,113341],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,113327,123],{"class":75},[69,113329,80],{"class":79},[69,113331,70574],{"class":75},[69,113333,537],{"class":83},[69,113335,111750],{"class":146},[69,113337,132],{"class":83},[69,113339,113340],{"class":146},"more_letters",[69,113342,166],{"class":83},[69,113344,113345,113347,113349,113351],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,113346,172],{"class":128},[69,113348,132],{"class":83},[69,113350,183],{"class":146},[69,113352,166],{"class":83},[20,113354,30718],{},[60,113356,113358],{"className":62,"code":113357,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,113359,113360],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,113361,113362,113364,113366,113368,113370,113372,113374,113376,113378,113380,113382,113384,113386,113388,113390,113392,113394],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,113363,9964],{"class":83},[69,113365,706],{"class":699},[69,113367,533],{"class":703},[69,113369,706],{"class":699},[69,113371,91],{"class":83},[69,113373,700],{"class":699},[69,113375,5465],{"class":703},[69,113377,706],{"class":699},[69,113379,91],{"class":83},[69,113381,700],{"class":699},[69,113383,10425],{"class":703},[69,113385,706],{"class":699},[69,113387,91],{"class":83},[69,113389,700],{"class":699},[69,113391,19458],{"class":703},[69,113393,706],{"class":699},[69,113395,9994],{"class":83},[377,113397,113399],{"id":113398},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,113401,113402],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[60,113404,113406],{"className":62,"code":113405,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,113407,113408,113433,113456,113460],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,113409,113410,113413,113415,113417,113419,113421,113423,113425,113427,113429,113431],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,113411,113412],{"class":75},"chars ",[69,113414,80],{"class":79},[69,113416,11177],{"class":83},[69,113418,871],{"class":699},[69,113420,533],{"class":703},[69,113422,871],{"class":699},[69,113424,91],{"class":83},[69,113426,881],{"class":699},[69,113428,5465],{"class":703},[69,113430,871],{"class":699},[69,113432,9994],{"class":83},[69,113434,113435,113437,113439,113442,113444,113446,113448,113450,113452,113454],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,113436,123],{"class":75},[69,113438,80],{"class":79},[69,113440,113441],{"class":75}," chars",[69,113443,537],{"class":83},[69,113445,111750],{"class":146},[69,113447,132],{"class":83},[69,113449,871],{"class":699},[69,113451,37738],{"class":703},[69,113453,871],{"class":699},[69,113455,166],{"class":83},[69,113457,113458],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,113459,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,113461,113462,113464,113466,113468],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,113463,172],{"class":128},[69,113465,132],{"class":83},[69,113467,183],{"class":146},[69,113469,166],{"class":83},[20,113471,30718],{},[60,113473,113475],{"className":62,"code":113474,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,113476,113477],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,113478,113479,113481,113483,113485,113487,113489,113491,113493,113495,113497,113499,113501,113503,113505,113507,113509,113511],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,113480,9964],{"class":83},[69,113482,706],{"class":699},[69,113484,533],{"class":703},[69,113486,706],{"class":699},[69,113488,91],{"class":83},[69,113490,700],{"class":699},[69,113492,5465],{"class":703},[69,113494,706],{"class":699},[69,113496,91],{"class":83},[69,113498,700],{"class":699},[69,113500,10425],{"class":703},[69,113502,706],{"class":699},[69,113504,91],{"class":83},[69,113506,700],{"class":699},[69,113508,63764],{"class":703},[69,113510,706],{"class":699},[69,113512,9994],{"class":83},[20,113514,22878,113515,113518],{},[15,113516,113517],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[29,113520,113521,113525,113529],{},[32,113522,113523],{},[15,113524,66959],{},[32,113526,113527],{},[15,113528,18786],{},[32,113530,113531],{},[15,113532,113533],{},"\"t\"",[55,113535,113537,11272,113539],{"id":113536},"union-vs-update",[15,113538,103280],{},[15,113540,15646],{},[20,113542,113543,5096,113545,113547],{},[15,113544,103280],{},[15,113546,15646],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[377,113549,113550],{"id":111750},[15,113551,103280],{},[29,113553,113554,113556],{},[32,113555,111112],{},[32,113557,111121],{},[60,113559,113560],{"className":62,"code":112645,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,113561,113562,113578,113594,113598,113616,113620,113632],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,113563,113564,113566,113568,113570,113572,113574,113576],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,113565,3280],{"class":75},[69,113567,80],{"class":79},[69,113569,11177],{"class":83},[69,113571,88],{"class":87},[69,113573,91],{"class":83},[69,113575,94],{"class":87},[69,113577,9994],{"class":83},[69,113579,113580,113582,113584,113586,113588,113590,113592],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,113581,3308],{"class":75},[69,113583,80],{"class":79},[69,113585,11177],{"class":83},[69,113587,1155],{"class":87},[69,113589,91],{"class":83},[69,113591,99],{"class":87},[69,113593,9994],{"class":83},[69,113595,113596],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,113597,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,113599,113600,113602,113604,113606,113608,113610,113612,113614],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,113601,123],{"class":75},[69,113603,80],{"class":79},[69,113605,57363],{"class":75},[69,113607,537],{"class":83},[69,113609,111750],{"class":146},[69,113611,132],{"class":83},[69,113613,5465],{"class":146},[69,113615,166],{"class":83},[69,113617,113618],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,113619,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,113621,113622,113624,113626,113628,113630],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,113623,172],{"class":128},[69,113625,132],{"class":83},[69,113627,183],{"class":146},[69,113629,938],{"class":83},[69,113631,112718],{"class":189},[69,113633,113634,113636,113638,113640,113642],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,113635,172],{"class":128},[69,113637,132],{"class":83},[69,113639,533],{"class":146},[69,113641,938],{"class":83},[69,113643,112731],{"class":189},[377,113645,113646],{"id":31153},[15,113647,15646],{},[29,113649,113650,113653],{},[32,113651,113652],{},"changes the existing set in place",[32,113654,113655],{},"does not create a separate result set",[60,113657,113659],{"className":62,"code":113658,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113660,113661,113677,113693,113697,113711,113715],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,113662,113663,113665,113667,113669,113671,113673,113675],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,113664,3280],{"class":75},[69,113666,80],{"class":79},[69,113668,11177],{"class":83},[69,113670,88],{"class":87},[69,113672,91],{"class":83},[69,113674,94],{"class":87},[69,113676,9994],{"class":83},[69,113678,113679,113681,113683,113685,113687,113689,113691],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,113680,3308],{"class":75},[69,113682,80],{"class":79},[69,113684,11177],{"class":83},[69,113686,1155],{"class":87},[69,113688,91],{"class":83},[69,113690,99],{"class":87},[69,113692,9994],{"class":83},[69,113694,113695],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,113696,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,113698,113699,113701,113703,113705,113707,113709],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,113700,533],{"class":75},[69,113702,537],{"class":83},[69,113704,31153],{"class":146},[69,113706,132],{"class":83},[69,113708,5465],{"class":146},[69,113710,166],{"class":83},[69,113712,113713],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,113714,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,113716,113717,113719,113721,113723,113725],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,113718,172],{"class":128},[69,113720,132],{"class":83},[69,113722,533],{"class":146},[69,113724,938],{"class":83},[69,113726,112718],{"class":189},[20,113728,1378,113729,113731],{},[15,113730,103280],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113733,113734,113735,537],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[533,113736,13,113737,11428],{"href":99000},[15,113738,97795],{},[55,113740,5222],{"id":5221},[377,113742,1780,113744,113746],{"id":113743},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113745,103280],{}," to change the original set",[20,113748,82305],{},[60,113750,113752],{"className":62,"code":113751,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113753,113754,113770,113786,113790,113804],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,113755,113756,113758,113760,113762,113764,113766,113768],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,113757,3280],{"class":75},[69,113759,80],{"class":79},[69,113761,11177],{"class":83},[69,113763,88],{"class":87},[69,113765,91],{"class":83},[69,113767,94],{"class":87},[69,113769,9994],{"class":83},[69,113771,113772,113774,113776,113778,113780,113782,113784],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,113773,3308],{"class":75},[69,113775,80],{"class":79},[69,113777,11177],{"class":83},[69,113779,1155],{"class":87},[69,113781,91],{"class":83},[69,113783,99],{"class":87},[69,113785,9994],{"class":83},[69,113787,113788],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,113789,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,113791,113792,113794,113796,113798,113800,113802],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,113793,533],{"class":75},[69,113795,537],{"class":83},[69,113797,111750],{"class":146},[69,113799,132],{"class":83},[69,113801,5465],{"class":146},[69,113803,166],{"class":83},[69,113805,113806,113808,113810,113812],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,113807,172],{"class":128},[69,113809,132],{"class":83},[69,113811,533],{"class":146},[69,113813,166],{"class":83},[20,113815,321],{},[60,113817,113818],{"className":62,"code":100988,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,113819,113820],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,113821,113822,113824,113826,113828,113830],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,113823,9964],{"class":83},[69,113825,88],{"class":87},[69,113827,91],{"class":83},[69,113829,94],{"class":87},[69,113831,9994],{"class":83},[20,113833,9181,113834,113836],{},[15,113835,103280],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113838,113839],{},"Fix it like this:",[60,113841,113843],{"className":62,"code":113842,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113844,113845,113861,113877,113881,113899],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,113846,113847,113849,113851,113853,113855,113857,113859],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,113848,3280],{"class":75},[69,113850,80],{"class":79},[69,113852,11177],{"class":83},[69,113854,88],{"class":87},[69,113856,91],{"class":83},[69,113858,94],{"class":87},[69,113860,9994],{"class":83},[69,113862,113863,113865,113867,113869,113871,113873,113875],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,113864,3308],{"class":75},[69,113866,80],{"class":79},[69,113868,11177],{"class":83},[69,113870,1155],{"class":87},[69,113872,91],{"class":83},[69,113874,99],{"class":87},[69,113876,9994],{"class":83},[69,113878,113879],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,113880,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,113882,113883,113885,113887,113889,113891,113893,113895,113897],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,113884,3280],{"class":75},[69,113886,80],{"class":79},[69,113888,57363],{"class":75},[69,113890,537],{"class":83},[69,113892,111750],{"class":146},[69,113894,132],{"class":83},[69,113896,5465],{"class":146},[69,113898,166],{"class":83},[69,113900,113901,113903,113905,113907],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,113902,172],{"class":128},[69,113904,132],{"class":83},[69,113906,533],{"class":146},[69,113908,166],{"class":83},[377,113910,113912],{"id":113911},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113914,113915],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[60,113917,113919],{"className":62,"code":113918,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113920,113921,113937,113953,113957],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,113922,113923,113925,113927,113929,113931,113933,113935],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,113924,3280],{"class":75},[69,113926,80],{"class":79},[69,113928,11177],{"class":83},[69,113930,346],{"class":87},[69,113932,91],{"class":83},[69,113934,1263],{"class":87},[69,113936,9994],{"class":83},[69,113938,113939,113941,113943,113945,113947,113949,113951],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,113940,3308],{"class":75},[69,113942,80],{"class":79},[69,113944,11177],{"class":83},[69,113946,1155],{"class":87},[69,113948,91],{"class":83},[69,113950,104],{"class":87},[69,113952,9994],{"class":83},[69,113954,113955],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,113956,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,113958,113959,113961,113963,113965,113967,113969,113971,113973],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,113960,172],{"class":128},[69,113962,132],{"class":83},[69,113964,533],{"class":146},[69,113966,537],{"class":83},[69,113968,111750],{"class":146},[69,113970,132],{"class":83},[69,113972,5465],{"class":146},[69,113974,318],{"class":83},[20,113976,113977],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[377,113979,113981],{"id":113980},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[60,113983,113985],{"className":62,"code":113984,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113986,113987,114003,114025],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,113988,113989,113991,113993,113995,113997,113999,114001],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,113990,864],{"class":75},[69,113992,80],{"class":79},[69,113994,11177],{"class":83},[69,113996,871],{"class":699},[69,113998,58603],{"class":703},[69,114000,871],{"class":699},[69,114002,9994],{"class":83},[69,114004,114005,114007,114009,114011,114013,114015,114017,114019,114021,114023],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,114006,123],{"class":75},[69,114008,80],{"class":79},[69,114010,948],{"class":75},[69,114012,537],{"class":83},[69,114014,111750],{"class":146},[69,114016,132],{"class":83},[69,114018,871],{"class":699},[69,114020,37738],{"class":703},[69,114022,871],{"class":699},[69,114024,166],{"class":83},[69,114026,114027,114029,114031,114033],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,114028,172],{"class":128},[69,114030,132],{"class":83},[69,114032,183],{"class":146},[69,114034,166],{"class":83},[20,114036,114037,114038,2920,114040,2574,114042,114044,114045,114047],{},"This adds ",[15,114039,66959],{},[15,114041,18786],{},[15,114043,113533],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,114046,113517],{}," as one item.",[20,114049,114050],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[60,114052,114054],{"className":62,"code":114053,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,114055,114056,114072,114094],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,114057,114058,114060,114062,114064,114066,114068,114070],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,114059,864],{"class":75},[69,114061,80],{"class":79},[69,114063,11177],{"class":83},[69,114065,871],{"class":699},[69,114067,58603],{"class":703},[69,114069,871],{"class":699},[69,114071,9994],{"class":83},[69,114073,114074,114076,114078,114080,114082,114084,114086,114088,114090,114092],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,114075,123],{"class":75},[69,114077,80],{"class":79},[69,114079,948],{"class":75},[69,114081,537],{"class":83},[69,114083,111750],{"class":146},[69,114085,3710],{"class":83},[69,114087,871],{"class":699},[69,114089,37738],{"class":703},[69,114091,871],{"class":699},[69,114093,618],{"class":83},[69,114095,114096,114098,114100,114102],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,114097,172],{"class":128},[69,114099,132],{"class":83},[69,114101,183],{"class":146},[69,114103,166],{"class":83},[377,114105,114107],{"id":114106},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,114109,3562],{},[60,114111,114113],{"className":62,"code":114112,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,114114,114115],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,114116,114117,114119,114121,114123,114125,114127,114129,114131,114133,114135,114137,114139],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,114118,16320],{"class":75},[69,114120,80],{"class":79},[69,114122,11177],{"class":83},[69,114124,88],{"class":87},[69,114126,91],{"class":83},[69,114128,94],{"class":87},[69,114130,91],{"class":83},[69,114132,84],{"class":83},[69,114134,346],{"class":87},[69,114136,91],{"class":83},[69,114138,104],{"class":87},[69,114140,14398],{"class":83},[20,114142,114143],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,114145,114146,114147,143],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,114148,103280],{},[60,114150,114152],{"className":62,"code":114151,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,114153,114154,114170,114192],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,114155,114156,114158,114160,114162,114164,114166,114168],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,114157,16320],{"class":75},[69,114159,80],{"class":79},[69,114161,11177],{"class":83},[69,114163,88],{"class":87},[69,114165,91],{"class":83},[69,114167,94],{"class":87},[69,114169,9994],{"class":83},[69,114171,114172,114174,114176,114178,114180,114182,114184,114186,114188,114190],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,114173,123],{"class":75},[69,114175,80],{"class":79},[69,114177,97405],{"class":75},[69,114179,537],{"class":83},[69,114181,111750],{"class":146},[69,114183,3710],{"class":83},[69,114185,346],{"class":87},[69,114187,91],{"class":83},[69,114189,104],{"class":87},[69,114191,618],{"class":83},[69,114193,114194,114196,114198,114200],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,114195,172],{"class":128},[69,114197,132],{"class":83},[69,114199,183],{"class":146},[69,114201,166],{"class":83},[55,114203,114205],{"id":114204},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,114207,114208],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[29,114210,114211,114217,114224,114227],{},[32,114212,114213,114214,114216],{},"call ",[15,114215,103280],{}," without saving the returned set",[32,114218,114219,114220,843,114222],{},"confuse ",[15,114221,103280],{},[15,114223,15646],{},[32,114225,114226],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[32,114228,114229],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,114231,114232,114233,5096,114237,537],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[533,114234,13,114235,11428],{"href":103269},[15,114236,107054],{},[533,114238,13,114240,11428],{"href":114239},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,114241,100900],{},[20,114243,62772],{},[60,114245,114247],{"className":62,"code":114246,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,114248,114249,114259,114273,114283],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,114250,114251,114253,114255,114257],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,114252,172],{"class":128},[69,114254,132],{"class":83},[69,114256,16358],{"class":146},[69,114258,166],{"class":83},[69,114260,114261,114263,114265,114267,114269,114271],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,114262,172],{"class":128},[69,114264,132],{"class":83},[69,114266,641],{"class":177},[69,114268,132],{"class":83},[69,114270,16358],{"class":146},[69,114272,318],{"class":83},[69,114274,114275,114277,114279,114281],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,114276,172],{"class":128},[69,114278,132],{"class":83},[69,114280,183],{"class":146},[69,114282,166],{"class":83},[69,114284,114285,114287,114289,114291,114293,114295],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,114286,32842],{"class":128},[69,114288,132],{"class":83},[69,114290,6982],{"class":177},[69,114292,537],{"class":83},[69,114294,111750],{"class":25438},[69,114296,166],{"class":83},[55,114298,2519],{"id":2518},[377,114300,2523,114302,103220],{"id":114301},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,114303,108524],{},[20,114305,103223],{},[377,114307,5871,114309,114311],{"id":114308},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,114310,103280],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,114313,114314],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[377,114316,2551,114318,114320],{"id":114317},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,114319,103280],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,114322,42622,114323,114325],{},[15,114324,103280],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[377,114327,114329],{"id":114328},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,114331,114332],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[377,114334,5881,114336,5096,114338,3218],{"id":114335},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,114337,103280],{},[15,114339,114340],{},"|",[20,114342,114343,114344,114346,114347,114349],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,114345,114340],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,114348,103280],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[55,114351,2620],{"id":2619},[29,114353,114354,114358,114364,114370,114376],{},[32,114355,114356],{},[533,114357,96809],{"href":97980},[32,114359,114360],{},[533,114361,13,114362,11428],{"href":99000},[15,114363,97795],{},[32,114365,114366],{},[533,114367,13,114368,11428],{"href":103269},[15,114369,107054],{},[32,114371,114372],{},[533,114373,13,114374,11428],{"href":114239},[15,114375,100900],{},[32,114377,114378],{},[533,114379,100825],{"href":99558},[2650,114381,114382],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":114384},[114385,114386,114388,114389,114390,114391,114393,114399,114404,114411,114412,114423],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":112480,"depth":120,"text":114387},"What set.union() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":22659,"depth":120,"text":22660},{"id":12164,"depth":120,"text":12165},{"id":112967,"depth":120,"text":114392},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":113125,"depth":120,"text":114394,"children":114395},"Using union() with other iterables",[114396,114397,114398],{"id":113136,"depth":169,"text":113137},{"id":113256,"depth":169,"text":113257},{"id":113398,"depth":169,"text":113399},{"id":113536,"depth":120,"text":114400,"children":114401},"union() vs update()",[114402,114403],{"id":111750,"depth":169,"text":103280},{"id":31153,"depth":169,"text":15646},{"id":5221,"depth":120,"text":5222,"children":114405},[114406,114408,114409,114410],{"id":113743,"depth":169,"text":114407},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113911,"depth":169,"text":113912},{"id":113980,"depth":169,"text":113981},{"id":114106,"depth":169,"text":114107},{"id":114204,"depth":120,"text":114205},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":114413},[114414,114416,114418,114420,114421],{"id":114301,"depth":169,"text":114415},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":114308,"depth":169,"text":114417},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":114317,"depth":169,"text":114419},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":114328,"depth":169,"text":114329},{"id":114335,"depth":169,"text":114422},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":112360,"description":114424},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":114430,"title":114431,"body":114432,"description":116321,"extension":2697,"meta":116322,"navigation":272,"path":97294,"seo":116323,"stem":116324,"__hash__":116325},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114433,"toc":116287},[114434,114439,114444,114452,114454,114512,114517,114522,114526,114538,114541,114615,114620,114622,114624,114643,114645,114662,114665,114692,114694,114764,114768,114770,114776,114778,114839,114844,114846,114903,114907,114912,114977,114979,114999,115006,115010,115015,115100,115103,115110,115213,115217,115222,115280,115283,115294,115308,115315,115373,115380,115383,115393,115397,115455,115459,115525,115528,115586,115593,115600,115603,115607,115616,115685,115689,115695,115783,115793,115797,115801,115805,115808,115869,115874,115931,115935,115937,115972,115979,115981,116035,116042,116046,116049,116114,116123,116129,116186,116188,116193,116197,116201,116204,116211,116219,116223,116228,116232,116238,116240,116275,116284],[10,114435,96681,114437,12011],{"id":114436},"python-set-update-method",[15,114438,15646],{},[20,114440,114441,114443],{},[15,114442,97795],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,114445,114446,114447,114451],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[533,114448,114449],{"href":98981},[15,114450,96689],{},", which adds only one item.",[55,114453,4327],{"id":4326},[60,114455,114457],{"className":62,"code":114456,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114458,114459,114475,114497,114507],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,114460,114461,114463,114465,114467,114469,114471,114473],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,114462,76],{"class":75},[69,114464,80],{"class":79},[69,114466,11177],{"class":83},[69,114468,88],{"class":87},[69,114470,91],{"class":83},[69,114472,94],{"class":87},[69,114474,9994],{"class":83},[69,114476,114477,114479,114481,114483,114485,114487,114489,114491,114493,114495],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,114478,4366],{"class":75},[69,114480,537],{"class":83},[69,114482,31153],{"class":146},[69,114484,3710],{"class":83},[69,114486,1155],{"class":87},[69,114488,91],{"class":83},[69,114490,99],{"class":87},[69,114492,91],{"class":83},[69,114494,104],{"class":87},[69,114496,618],{"class":83},[69,114498,114499,114501,114503,114505],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,114500,172],{"class":128},[69,114502,132],{"class":83},[69,114504,4366],{"class":146},[69,114506,166],{"class":83},[69,114508,114509],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,114510,114511],{"class":189},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,114513,1378,114514,114516],{},[15,114515,15646],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[55,114518,202,114520,205],{"id":114519},"what-setupdate-does",[15,114521,97795],{},[20,114523,114524,143],{},[15,114525,97795],{},[29,114527,114528,114531,114533,114536],{},[32,114529,114530],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[32,114532,96796],{},[32,114534,114535],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[32,114537,96799],{},[20,114539,114540],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[60,114542,114544],{"className":62,"code":114543,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,114545,114546,114570,114596,114600,114610],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,114547,114548,114550,114552,114554,114556,114558,114560,114562,114564,114566,114568],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,114549,13768],{"class":75},[69,114551,80],{"class":79},[69,114553,11177],{"class":83},[69,114555,871],{"class":699},[69,114557,13785],{"class":703},[69,114559,871],{"class":699},[69,114561,91],{"class":83},[69,114563,881],{"class":699},[69,114565,13802],{"class":703},[69,114567,871],{"class":699},[69,114569,9994],{"class":83},[69,114571,114572,114574,114576,114578,114580,114582,114584,114586,114588,114590,114592,114594],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,114573,18192],{"class":75},[69,114575,537],{"class":83},[69,114577,31153],{"class":146},[69,114579,3710],{"class":83},[69,114581,871],{"class":699},[69,114583,13802],{"class":703},[69,114585,871],{"class":699},[69,114587,91],{"class":83},[69,114589,881],{"class":699},[69,114591,18145],{"class":703},[69,114593,871],{"class":699},[69,114595,618],{"class":83},[69,114597,114598],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,114599,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,114601,114602,114604,114606,114608],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,114603,172],{"class":128},[69,114605,132],{"class":83},[69,114607,18192],{"class":146},[69,114609,166],{"class":83},[69,114611,114612],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,114613,114614],{"class":189},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114616,21668,114617,114619],{},[15,114618,111515],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[55,114621,2888],{"id":2887},[20,114623,7906],{},[60,114625,114627],{"className":62,"code":114626,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114628,114629],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,114630,114631,114633,114635,114637,114639,114641],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,114632,16358],{"class":75},[69,114634,537],{"class":83},[69,114636,31153],{"class":146},[69,114638,132],{"class":83},[69,114640,399],{"class":146},[69,114642,166],{"class":83},[20,114644,80681],{},[29,114646,114647,114650,114653,114656,114659],{},[32,114648,114649],{},"A list",[32,114651,114652],{},"A tuple",[32,114654,114655],{},"Another set",[32,114657,114658],{},"A string",[32,114660,114661],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114663,114664],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[60,114666,114668],{"className":62,"code":114667,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114669,114670],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,114671,114672,114674,114676,114678,114680,114682,114684,114686,114688,114690],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,114673,16358],{"class":75},[69,114675,537],{"class":83},[69,114677,31153],{"class":146},[69,114679,132],{"class":83},[69,114681,533],{"class":146},[69,114683,91],{"class":83},[69,114685,3285],{"class":146},[69,114687,91],{"class":83},[69,114689,10367],{"class":146},[69,114691,166],{"class":83},[20,114693,234],{},[60,114695,114697],{"className":62,"code":114696,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114698,114699,114711,114745,114749,114759],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,114700,114701,114703,114705,114707,114709],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,114702,4536],{"class":75},[69,114704,80],{"class":79},[69,114706,11177],{"class":83},[69,114708,88],{"class":87},[69,114710,9994],{"class":83},[69,114712,114713,114715,114717,114719,114721,114723,114725,114727,114729,114731,114733,114735,114737,114739,114741,114743],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,114714,6059],{"class":75},[69,114716,537],{"class":83},[69,114718,31153],{"class":146},[69,114720,3710],{"class":83},[69,114722,1155],{"class":87},[69,114724,91],{"class":83},[69,114726,99],{"class":87},[69,114728,18752],{"class":83},[69,114730,441],{"class":83},[69,114732,334],{"class":87},[69,114734,91],{"class":83},[69,114736,109],{"class":87},[69,114738,9920],{"class":83},[69,114740,11177],{"class":83},[69,114742,81072],{"class":87},[69,114744,31185],{"class":83},[69,114746,114747],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,114748,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,114750,114751,114753,114755,114757],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,114752,172],{"class":128},[69,114754,132],{"class":83},[69,114756,6059],{"class":146},[69,114758,166],{"class":83},[69,114760,114761],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,114762,114763],{"class":189},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114765,96805,114766,537],{},[533,114767,96813],{"href":98364},[55,114769,22660],{"id":22659},[20,114771,114772,1172,114774,537],{},[15,114773,97795],{},[15,114775,1181],{},[20,114777,12405],{},[60,114779,114781],{"className":62,"code":114780,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114782,114783,114799,114821,114825,114835],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,114784,114785,114787,114789,114791,114793,114795,114797],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,114786,76],{"class":75},[69,114788,80],{"class":79},[69,114790,11177],{"class":83},[69,114792,88],{"class":87},[69,114794,91],{"class":83},[69,114796,94],{"class":87},[69,114798,9994],{"class":83},[69,114800,114801,114803,114805,114807,114809,114811,114813,114815,114817,114819],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,114802,123],{"class":75},[69,114804,80],{"class":79},[69,114806,163],{"class":75},[69,114808,537],{"class":83},[69,114810,31153],{"class":146},[69,114812,3710],{"class":83},[69,114814,346],{"class":87},[69,114816,91],{"class":83},[69,114818,104],{"class":87},[69,114820,618],{"class":83},[69,114822,114823],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,114824,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,114826,114827,114829,114831,114833],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,114828,172],{"class":128},[69,114830,132],{"class":83},[69,114832,183],{"class":146},[69,114834,166],{"class":83},[69,114836,114837],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,114838,62308],{"class":189},[20,114840,114841,114842,537],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114843,183],{},[20,114845,19659],{},[60,114847,114849],{"className":62,"code":114848,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114850,114851,114867,114885,114889,114899],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,114852,114853,114855,114857,114859,114861,114863,114865],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,114854,76],{"class":75},[69,114856,80],{"class":79},[69,114858,11177],{"class":83},[69,114860,88],{"class":87},[69,114862,91],{"class":83},[69,114864,94],{"class":87},[69,114866,9994],{"class":83},[69,114868,114869,114871,114873,114875,114877,114879,114881,114883],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,114870,4366],{"class":75},[69,114872,537],{"class":83},[69,114874,31153],{"class":146},[69,114876,3710],{"class":83},[69,114878,346],{"class":87},[69,114880,91],{"class":83},[69,114882,104],{"class":87},[69,114884,618],{"class":83},[69,114886,114887],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,114888,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,114890,114891,114893,114895,114897],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,114892,172],{"class":128},[69,114894,132],{"class":83},[69,114896,4366],{"class":146},[69,114898,166],{"class":83},[69,114900,114901],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,114902,114511],{"class":189},[55,114904,114906],{"id":114905},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114908,114909,114910,537],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114911,15646],{},[60,114913,114915],{"className":62,"code":114914,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114916,114917,114933,114959,114963,114973],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,114918,114919,114921,114923,114925,114927,114929,114931],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,114920,76],{"class":75},[69,114922,80],{"class":79},[69,114924,11177],{"class":83},[69,114926,88],{"class":87},[69,114928,91],{"class":83},[69,114930,94],{"class":87},[69,114932,9994],{"class":83},[69,114934,114935,114937,114939,114941,114943,114945,114947,114949,114951,114953,114955,114957],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,114936,4366],{"class":75},[69,114938,537],{"class":83},[69,114940,31153],{"class":146},[69,114942,3710],{"class":83},[69,114944,1155],{"class":87},[69,114946,91],{"class":83},[69,114948,99],{"class":87},[69,114950,91],{"class":83},[69,114952,104],{"class":87},[69,114954,91],{"class":83},[69,114956,104],{"class":87},[69,114958,618],{"class":83},[69,114960,114961],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,114962,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,114964,114965,114967,114969,114971],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,114966,172],{"class":128},[69,114968,132],{"class":83},[69,114970,4366],{"class":146},[69,114972,166],{"class":83},[69,114974,114975],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,114976,114511],{"class":189},[20,114978,12374],{},[29,114980,114981,114986,114993],{},[32,114982,114983,114985],{},[15,114984,1155],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[32,114987,114988,5096,114990,114992],{},[15,114989,346],{},[15,114991,334],{}," are added",[32,114994,114995,114996,114998],{},"The second ",[15,114997,334],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,115000,115001,115002,115005],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[533,115003,115004],{"href":99558},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[55,115007,115009],{"id":115008},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,115011,8451,115012,115014],{},[15,115013,15646],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[60,115016,115018],{"className":62,"code":115017,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,115019,115020,115041,115062,115066,115082,115086,115096],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,115021,115022,115025,115027,115029,115031,115033,115035,115037,115039],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,115023,115024],{"class":75},"set_a ",[69,115026,80],{"class":79},[69,115028,11177],{"class":83},[69,115030,88],{"class":87},[69,115032,91],{"class":83},[69,115034,94],{"class":87},[69,115036,91],{"class":83},[69,115038,99],{"class":87},[69,115040,9994],{"class":83},[69,115042,115043,115046,115048,115050,115052,115054,115056,115058,115060],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,115044,115045],{"class":75},"set_b ",[69,115047,80],{"class":79},[69,115049,11177],{"class":83},[69,115051,346],{"class":87},[69,115053,91],{"class":83},[69,115055,104],{"class":87},[69,115057,91],{"class":83},[69,115059,109],{"class":87},[69,115061,9994],{"class":83},[69,115063,115064],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,115065,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,115067,115068,115071,115073,115075,115077,115080],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,115069,115070],{"class":75},"set_a",[69,115072,537],{"class":83},[69,115074,31153],{"class":146},[69,115076,132],{"class":83},[69,115078,115079],{"class":146},"set_b",[69,115081,166],{"class":83},[69,115083,115084],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,115085,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,115087,115088,115090,115092,115094],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,115089,172],{"class":128},[69,115091,132],{"class":83},[69,115093,115070],{"class":146},[69,115095,166],{"class":83},[69,115097,115098],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,115099,112472],{"class":189},[20,115101,115102],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,115104,115105,115106,537],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[533,115107,115108],{"href":103277},[15,115109,108524],{},[60,115111,115113],{"className":62,"code":115112,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115114,115115,115135,115155,115159,115179,115183,115194,115198,115208],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,115116,115117,115119,115121,115123,115125,115127,115129,115131,115133],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,115118,115024],{"class":75},[69,115120,80],{"class":79},[69,115122,11177],{"class":83},[69,115124,88],{"class":87},[69,115126,91],{"class":83},[69,115128,94],{"class":87},[69,115130,91],{"class":83},[69,115132,99],{"class":87},[69,115134,9994],{"class":83},[69,115136,115137,115139,115141,115143,115145,115147,115149,115151,115153],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,115138,115045],{"class":75},[69,115140,80],{"class":79},[69,115142,11177],{"class":83},[69,115144,346],{"class":87},[69,115146,91],{"class":83},[69,115148,104],{"class":87},[69,115150,91],{"class":83},[69,115152,109],{"class":87},[69,115154,9994],{"class":83},[69,115156,115157],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,115158,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,115160,115161,115164,115166,115169,115171,115173,115175,115177],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,115162,115163],{"class":75},"combined ",[69,115165,80],{"class":79},[69,115167,115168],{"class":75}," set_a",[69,115170,537],{"class":83},[69,115172,111750],{"class":146},[69,115174,132],{"class":83},[69,115176,115079],{"class":146},[69,115178,166],{"class":83},[69,115180,115181],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,115182,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,115184,115185,115187,115189,115192],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,115186,172],{"class":128},[69,115188,132],{"class":83},[69,115190,115191],{"class":146},"combined",[69,115193,166],{"class":83},[69,115195,115196],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,115197,112472],{"class":189},[69,115199,115200,115202,115204,115206],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,115201,172],{"class":128},[69,115203,132],{"class":83},[69,115205,115070],{"class":146},[69,115207,166],{"class":83},[69,115209,115210],{"class":71,"line":7120},[69,115211,115212],{"class":189},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[55,115214,115216],{"id":115215},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,115218,65217,115219,115221],{},[15,115220,15646],{}," adds each character separately.",[60,115223,115225],{"className":62,"code":115224,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,115226,115227,115243,115261,115265,115275],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,115228,115229,115231,115233,115235,115237,115239,115241],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,115230,36780],{"class":75},[69,115232,80],{"class":79},[69,115234,11177],{"class":83},[69,115236,871],{"class":699},[69,115238,2904],{"class":703},[69,115240,871],{"class":699},[69,115242,9994],{"class":83},[69,115244,115245,115247,115249,115251,115253,115255,115257,115259],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,115246,36833],{"class":75},[69,115248,537],{"class":83},[69,115250,31153],{"class":146},[69,115252,132],{"class":83},[69,115254,871],{"class":699},[69,115256,37738],{"class":703},[69,115258,871],{"class":699},[69,115260,166],{"class":83},[69,115262,115263],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,115264,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,115266,115267,115269,115271,115273],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,115268,172],{"class":128},[69,115270,132],{"class":83},[69,115272,36833],{"class":146},[69,115274,166],{"class":83},[69,115276,115277],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,115278,115279],{"class":189},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,115281,115282],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,115284,115285,14746,115288,115290,115291,115293],{},[15,115286,115287],{},"update(\"cat\")",[42,115289,5334],{}," add ",[15,115292,113517],{}," as one item. It adds:",[29,115295,115296,115300,115304],{},[32,115297,115298],{},[15,115299,66959],{},[32,115301,115302],{},[15,115303,18786],{},[32,115305,115306],{},[15,115307,113533],{},[20,115309,115310,115311,143],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[533,115312,115313],{"href":98981},[15,115314,96689],{},[60,115316,115318],{"className":62,"code":115317,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115319,115320,115336,115354,115358,115368],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,115321,115322,115324,115326,115328,115330,115332,115334],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,115323,864],{"class":75},[69,115325,80],{"class":79},[69,115327,11177],{"class":83},[69,115329,871],{"class":699},[69,115331,58603],{"class":703},[69,115333,871],{"class":699},[69,115335,9994],{"class":83},[69,115337,115338,115340,115342,115344,115346,115348,115350,115352],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,115339,4817],{"class":75},[69,115341,537],{"class":83},[69,115343,82584],{"class":146},[69,115345,132],{"class":83},[69,115347,871],{"class":699},[69,115349,37738],{"class":703},[69,115351,871],{"class":699},[69,115353,166],{"class":83},[69,115355,115356],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,115357,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,115359,115360,115362,115364,115366],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,115361,172],{"class":128},[69,115363,132],{"class":83},[69,115365,4817],{"class":146},[69,115367,166],{"class":83},[69,115369,115370],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,115371,115372],{"class":189},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[55,115374,115376,11272,115378],{"id":115375},"update-vs-add",[15,115377,15646],{},[15,115379,96684],{},[20,115381,115382],{},"The difference is simple:",[29,115384,115385,115389],{},[32,115386,115387,97283],{},[15,115388,96684],{},[32,115390,115391,97288],{},[15,115392,15646],{},[20,115394,46512,115395,143],{},[15,115396,96684],{},[60,115398,115400],{"className":62,"code":115399,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,115401,115402,115418,115436,115440,115450],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,115403,115404,115406,115408,115410,115412,115414,115416],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,115405,36929],{"class":75},[69,115407,80],{"class":79},[69,115409,11177],{"class":83},[69,115411,871],{"class":699},[69,115413,874],{"class":703},[69,115415,871],{"class":699},[69,115417,9994],{"class":83},[69,115419,115420,115422,115424,115426,115428,115430,115432,115434],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,115421,36981],{"class":75},[69,115423,537],{"class":83},[69,115425,82584],{"class":146},[69,115427,132],{"class":83},[69,115429,871],{"class":699},[69,115431,893],{"class":703},[69,115433,871],{"class":699},[69,115435,166],{"class":83},[69,115437,115438],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,115439,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,115441,115442,115444,115446,115448],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,115443,172],{"class":128},[69,115445,132],{"class":83},[69,115447,36981],{"class":146},[69,115449,166],{"class":83},[69,115451,115452],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,115453,115454],{"class":189},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,115456,46512,115457,143],{},[15,115458,15646],{},[60,115460,115462],{"className":62,"code":115461,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,115463,115464,115480,115506,115510,115520],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,115465,115466,115468,115470,115472,115474,115476,115478],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,115467,36929],{"class":75},[69,115469,80],{"class":79},[69,115471,11177],{"class":83},[69,115473,871],{"class":699},[69,115475,874],{"class":703},[69,115477,871],{"class":699},[69,115479,9994],{"class":83},[69,115481,115482,115484,115486,115488,115490,115492,115494,115496,115498,115500,115502,115504],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,115483,36981],{"class":75},[69,115485,537],{"class":83},[69,115487,31153],{"class":146},[69,115489,3710],{"class":83},[69,115491,871],{"class":699},[69,115493,893],{"class":703},[69,115495,871],{"class":699},[69,115497,91],{"class":83},[69,115499,881],{"class":699},[69,115501,33911],{"class":703},[69,115503,871],{"class":699},[69,115505,618],{"class":83},[69,115507,115508],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,115509,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,115511,115512,115514,115516,115518],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,115513,172],{"class":128},[69,115515,132],{"class":83},[69,115517,36981],{"class":146},[69,115519,166],{"class":83},[69,115521,115522],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,115523,115524],{"class":189},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,115526,115527],{},"Important warning with strings:",[60,115529,115531],{"className":62,"code":115530,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,115532,115533,115549,115567,115571,115581],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,115534,115535,115537,115539,115541,115543,115545,115547],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,115536,36929],{"class":75},[69,115538,80],{"class":79},[69,115540,11177],{"class":83},[69,115542,871],{"class":699},[69,115544,874],{"class":703},[69,115546,871],{"class":699},[69,115548,9994],{"class":83},[69,115550,115551,115553,115555,115557,115559,115561,115563,115565],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,115552,36981],{"class":75},[69,115554,537],{"class":83},[69,115556,31153],{"class":146},[69,115558,132],{"class":83},[69,115560,871],{"class":699},[69,115562,884],{"class":703},[69,115564,871],{"class":699},[69,115566,166],{"class":83},[69,115568,115569],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,115570,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,115572,115573,115575,115577,115579],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,115574,172],{"class":128},[69,115576,132],{"class":83},[69,115578,36981],{"class":146},[69,115580,166],{"class":83},[69,115582,115583],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,115584,115585],{"class":189},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115587,62583,115588,62656,115591,7319],{},[15,115589,115590],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115592,96684],{},[55,115594,115596,11272,115598],{"id":115595},"update-vs-union",[15,115597,15646],{},[15,115599,103280],{},[20,115601,115602],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[377,115604,115605],{"id":31153},[15,115606,15646],{},[29,115608,115609,115612],{},[32,115610,115611],{},"Changes the existing set",[32,115613,12113,115614],{},[15,115615,1181],{},[60,115617,115619],{"className":62,"code":115618,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115620,115621,115637,115653,115657,115671,115681],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,115622,115623,115625,115627,115629,115631,115633,115635],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,115624,3280],{"class":75},[69,115626,80],{"class":79},[69,115628,11177],{"class":83},[69,115630,88],{"class":87},[69,115632,91],{"class":83},[69,115634,94],{"class":87},[69,115636,9994],{"class":83},[69,115638,115639,115641,115643,115645,115647,115649,115651],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,115640,3308],{"class":75},[69,115642,80],{"class":79},[69,115644,11177],{"class":83},[69,115646,1155],{"class":87},[69,115648,91],{"class":83},[69,115650,99],{"class":87},[69,115652,9994],{"class":83},[69,115654,115655],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,115656,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,115658,115659,115661,115663,115665,115667,115669],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,115660,533],{"class":75},[69,115662,537],{"class":83},[69,115664,31153],{"class":146},[69,115666,132],{"class":83},[69,115668,5465],{"class":146},[69,115670,166],{"class":83},[69,115672,115673,115675,115677,115679],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,115674,172],{"class":128},[69,115676,132],{"class":83},[69,115678,533],{"class":146},[69,115680,166],{"class":83},[69,115682,115683],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,115684,115212],{"class":189},[377,115686,115687],{"id":111750},[15,115688,103280],{},[29,115690,115691,115693],{},[32,115692,101818],{},[32,115694,101821],{},[60,115696,115698],{"className":62,"code":115697,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115699,115700,115716,115732,115736,115754,115764,115768,115778],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,115701,115702,115704,115706,115708,115710,115712,115714],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,115703,3280],{"class":75},[69,115705,80],{"class":79},[69,115707,11177],{"class":83},[69,115709,88],{"class":87},[69,115711,91],{"class":83},[69,115713,94],{"class":87},[69,115715,9994],{"class":83},[69,115717,115718,115720,115722,115724,115726,115728,115730],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,115719,3308],{"class":75},[69,115721,80],{"class":79},[69,115723,11177],{"class":83},[69,115725,1155],{"class":87},[69,115727,91],{"class":83},[69,115729,99],{"class":87},[69,115731,9994],{"class":83},[69,115733,115734],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,115735,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,115737,115738,115740,115742,115744,115746,115748,115750,115752],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,115739,83664],{"class":75},[69,115741,80],{"class":79},[69,115743,57363],{"class":75},[69,115745,537],{"class":83},[69,115747,111750],{"class":146},[69,115749,132],{"class":83},[69,115751,5465],{"class":146},[69,115753,166],{"class":83},[69,115755,115756,115758,115760,115762],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,115757,172],{"class":128},[69,115759,132],{"class":83},[69,115761,10425],{"class":146},[69,115763,166],{"class":83},[69,115765,115766],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,115767,115212],{"class":189},[69,115769,115770,115772,115774,115776],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,115771,172],{"class":128},[69,115773,132],{"class":83},[69,115775,533],{"class":146},[69,115777,166],{"class":83},[69,115779,115780],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,115781,115782],{"class":189},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115784,108166,115785,115787,115788,115792],{},[15,115786,15646],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[533,115789,115790],{"href":103277},[15,115791,103280],{}," when you want a new set.",[55,115794,115796],{"id":115795},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115798,11435,115799,537],{},[15,115800,97795],{},[377,115802,115804],{"id":115803},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115806,115807],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[60,115809,115811],{"className":62,"code":115810,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115812,115813,115829,115851,115855,115865],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,115814,115815,115817,115819,115821,115823,115825,115827],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,115816,16320],{"class":75},[69,115818,80],{"class":79},[69,115820,11177],{"class":83},[69,115822,88],{"class":87},[69,115824,91],{"class":83},[69,115826,94],{"class":87},[69,115828,9994],{"class":83},[69,115830,115831,115833,115835,115837,115839,115841,115843,115845,115847,115849],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,115832,123],{"class":75},[69,115834,80],{"class":79},[69,115836,97405],{"class":75},[69,115838,537],{"class":83},[69,115840,31153],{"class":146},[69,115842,3710],{"class":83},[69,115844,346],{"class":87},[69,115846,91],{"class":83},[69,115848,104],{"class":87},[69,115850,618],{"class":83},[69,115852,115853],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,115854,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,115856,115857,115859,115861,115863],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,115858,172],{"class":128},[69,115860,132],{"class":83},[69,115862,183],{"class":146},[69,115864,166],{"class":83},[69,115866,115867],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,115868,62308],{"class":189},[20,115870,115871,115872,143],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115873,15646],{},[60,115875,115877],{"className":62,"code":115876,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115878,115879,115895,115913,115917,115927],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,115880,115881,115883,115885,115887,115889,115891,115893],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,115882,16320],{"class":75},[69,115884,80],{"class":79},[69,115886,11177],{"class":83},[69,115888,88],{"class":87},[69,115890,91],{"class":83},[69,115892,94],{"class":87},[69,115894,9994],{"class":83},[69,115896,115897,115899,115901,115903,115905,115907,115909,115911],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,115898,16358],{"class":75},[69,115900,537],{"class":83},[69,115902,31153],{"class":146},[69,115904,3710],{"class":83},[69,115906,346],{"class":87},[69,115908,91],{"class":83},[69,115910,104],{"class":87},[69,115912,618],{"class":83},[69,115914,115915],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,115916,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,115918,115919,115921,115923,115925],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,115920,172],{"class":128},[69,115922,132],{"class":83},[69,115924,16358],{"class":146},[69,115926,166],{"class":83},[69,115928,115929],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,115930,114511],{"class":189},[377,115932,115934],{"id":115933},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115936,3562],{},[60,115938,115940],{"className":62,"code":115939,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115941,115942,115958],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,115943,115944,115946,115948,115950,115952,115954,115956],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,115945,16320],{"class":75},[69,115947,80],{"class":79},[69,115949,11177],{"class":83},[69,115951,88],{"class":87},[69,115953,91],{"class":83},[69,115955,94],{"class":87},[69,115957,9994],{"class":83},[69,115959,115960,115962,115964,115966,115968,115970],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,115961,16358],{"class":75},[69,115963,537],{"class":83},[69,115965,31153],{"class":146},[69,115967,132],{"class":83},[69,115969,2866],{"class":87},[69,115971,166],{"class":83},[20,115973,62762,115974,9287,115976,115978],{},[15,115975,3728],{},[15,115977,2866],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115980,7242],{},[60,115982,115984],{"className":62,"code":115983,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115985,115986,116002,116016,116020,116030],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,115987,115988,115990,115992,115994,115996,115998,116000],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,115989,16320],{"class":75},[69,115991,80],{"class":79},[69,115993,11177],{"class":83},[69,115995,88],{"class":87},[69,115997,91],{"class":83},[69,115999,94],{"class":87},[69,116001,9994],{"class":83},[69,116003,116004,116006,116008,116010,116012,116014],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,116005,16358],{"class":75},[69,116007,537],{"class":83},[69,116009,31153],{"class":146},[69,116011,3710],{"class":83},[69,116013,2866],{"class":87},[69,116015,618],{"class":83},[69,116017,116018],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,116019,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,116021,116022,116024,116026,116028],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,116023,172],{"class":128},[69,116025,132],{"class":83},[69,116027,16358],{"class":146},[69,116029,166],{"class":83},[69,116031,116032],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,116033,116034],{"class":189},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,116036,46385,116037,537],{},[533,116038,26367,116039],{"href":53074},[15,116040,116041],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[377,116043,116045],{"id":116044},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,116047,116048],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[60,116050,116052],{"className":62,"code":116051,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,116053,116054,116070,116096,116100,116110],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,116055,116056,116058,116060,116062,116064,116066,116068],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,116057,16320],{"class":75},[69,116059,80],{"class":79},[69,116061,11177],{"class":83},[69,116063,88],{"class":87},[69,116065,91],{"class":83},[69,116067,94],{"class":87},[69,116069,9994],{"class":83},[69,116071,116072,116074,116076,116078,116080,116082,116084,116086,116088,116090,116092,116094],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,116073,16358],{"class":75},[69,116075,537],{"class":83},[69,116077,31153],{"class":146},[69,116079,3710],{"class":83},[69,116081,1155],{"class":87},[69,116083,91],{"class":83},[69,116085,94],{"class":87},[69,116087,91],{"class":83},[69,116089,94],{"class":87},[69,116091,91],{"class":83},[69,116093,99],{"class":87},[69,116095,618],{"class":83},[69,116097,116098],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,116099,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,116101,116102,116104,116106,116108],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,116103,172],{"class":128},[69,116105,132],{"class":83},[69,116107,16358],{"class":146},[69,116109,166],{"class":83},[69,116111,116112],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,116113,115212],{"class":189},[377,116115,116117,116118,45101,116120,116122],{"id":116116},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,116119,15646],{},[15,116121,96684],{}," is better",[20,116124,116125,116126,116128],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,116127,96684],{}," is usually the better choice.",[60,116130,116132],{"className":62,"code":116131,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,116133,116134,116150,116168,116172,116182],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,116135,116136,116138,116140,116142,116144,116146,116148],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,116137,16320],{"class":75},[69,116139,80],{"class":79},[69,116141,11177],{"class":83},[69,116143,871],{"class":699},[69,116145,58603],{"class":703},[69,116147,871],{"class":699},[69,116149,9994],{"class":83},[69,116151,116152,116154,116156,116158,116160,116162,116164,116166],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,116153,16358],{"class":75},[69,116155,537],{"class":83},[69,116157,82584],{"class":146},[69,116159,132],{"class":83},[69,116161,871],{"class":699},[69,116163,37738],{"class":703},[69,116165,871],{"class":699},[69,116167,166],{"class":83},[69,116169,116170],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,116171,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,116173,116174,116176,116178,116180],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,116175,172],{"class":128},[69,116177,132],{"class":83},[69,116179,16358],{"class":146},[69,116181,166],{"class":83},[69,116183,116184],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,116185,115372],{"class":189},[55,116187,2519],{"id":2518},[377,116189,2523,116191,97774],{"id":116190},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,116192,97795],{},[20,116194,97777,116195,537],{},[15,116196,1181],{},[377,116198,2551,116199,32916],{"id":32913},[15,116200,15646],{},[20,116202,116203],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[377,116205,5881,116207,5096,116209,3218],{"id":116206},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,116208,96684],{},[15,116210,15646],{},[20,116212,116213,116215,116216,116218],{},[15,116214,96684],{}," adds one item. ",[15,116217,15646],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[377,116220,116222],{"id":116221},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,116224,116225,116226,115221],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,116227,15646],{},[377,116229,116231],{"id":116230},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,116233,1378,116234,11780,116236,537],{},[15,116235,103280],{},[15,116237,15646],{},[55,116239,2620],{"id":2619},[29,116241,116242,116249,116256,116262,116268],{},[32,116243,116244],{},[533,116245,116246],{"href":98981},[15,116247,116248],{},"Python set add() method",[32,116250,116251],{},[533,116252,116253],{"href":103277},[15,116254,116255],{},"Python set union() method",[32,116257,116258],{},[533,116259,116260],{"href":98364},[15,116261,97819],{},[32,116263,116264],{},[533,116265,116266],{"href":99558},[15,116267,100825],{},[32,116269,116270],{},[533,116271,116272,116274],{"href":53074},[15,116273,116041],{}," fix",[20,116276,116277,116278,116280,116281,116283],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,116279,96689],{}," for a single value and ",[15,116282,108524],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2650,116285,116286],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":116288},[116289,116290,116292,116293,116294,116295,116296,116297,116299,116304,116311,116320],{"id":4326,"depth":120,"text":4327},{"id":114519,"depth":120,"text":116291},"What set.update() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":22659,"depth":120,"text":22660},{"id":114905,"depth":120,"text":114906},{"id":115008,"depth":120,"text":115009},{"id":115215,"depth":120,"text":115216},{"id":115375,"depth":120,"text":116298},"update() vs add()",{"id":115595,"depth":120,"text":116300,"children":116301},"update() vs union()",[116302,116303],{"id":31153,"depth":169,"text":15646},{"id":111750,"depth":169,"text":103280},{"id":115795,"depth":120,"text":115796,"children":116305},[116306,116307,116308,116309],{"id":115803,"depth":169,"text":115804},{"id":115933,"depth":169,"text":115934},{"id":116044,"depth":169,"text":116045},{"id":116116,"depth":169,"text":116310},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":116312},[116313,116315,116316,116318,116319],{"id":116190,"depth":169,"text":116314},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32913,"depth":169,"text":32986},{"id":116206,"depth":169,"text":116317},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":116221,"depth":169,"text":116222},{"id":116230,"depth":169,"text":116231},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114431,"description":116321},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":116327,"title":116328,"body":116329,"description":118095,"extension":2697,"meta":118096,"navigation":272,"path":14482,"seo":118097,"stem":118098,"__hash__":118099},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":116330,"toc":118070},[116331,116334,116337,116340,116351,116359,116362,116364,116513,116525,116529,116546,116550,116558,116560,116571,116573,116670,116676,116679,116775,116784,116789,116793,116798,116800,116810,116812,116921,116929,116933,116936,116939,116956,116962,117042,117045,117049,117052,117056,117059,117118,117121,117125,117128,117220,117224,117227,117334,117338,117344,117372,117374,117456,117466,117470,117473,117484,117487,117572,117575,117580,117584,117587,117598,117601,117743,117746,117750,117753,117767,117770,117831,117837,117839,117842,117864,117867,117967,117970,118002,118004,118008,118011,118013,118016,118020,118023,118027,118030,118034,118037,118039,118067],[10,116332,116328],{"id":116333},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,116335,116336],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,116338,116339],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[29,116341,116342,116345,116348],{},[32,116343,116344],{},"a list inside another list",[32,116346,116347],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[32,116349,116350],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,116352,100747,116353,5096,116355,116358],{},[42,116354,13542],{},[42,116356,116357],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,116360,116361],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[55,116363,58],{"id":57},[60,116365,116367],{"className":62,"code":116366,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116368,116369,116376,116380,116406,116426,116446,116450,116468,116472,116485,116499],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,116370,116371,116373],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,116372,35779],{"class":1053},[69,116374,116375],{"class":75}," copy\n",[69,116377,116378],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,116379,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,116381,116382,116384,116386,116388,116390,116392,116394,116396,116398,116400,116402,116404],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,116383,12777],{"class":75},[69,116385,80],{"class":79},[69,116387,56769],{"class":83},[69,116389,88],{"class":87},[69,116391,91],{"class":83},[69,116393,94],{"class":87},[69,116395,18752],{"class":83},[69,116397,84],{"class":83},[69,116399,346],{"class":87},[69,116401,91],{"class":83},[69,116403,104],{"class":87},[69,116405,53717],{"class":83},[69,116407,116408,116411,116413,116416,116418,116420,116422,116424],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,116409,116410],{"class":75},"shallow ",[69,116412,80],{"class":79},[69,116414,116415],{"class":75}," copy",[69,116417,537],{"class":83},[69,116419,13603],{"class":146},[69,116421,132],{"class":83},[69,116423,12824],{"class":146},[69,116425,166],{"class":83},[69,116427,116428,116431,116433,116435,116437,116440,116442,116444],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,116429,116430],{"class":75},"deep ",[69,116432,80],{"class":79},[69,116434,116415],{"class":75},[69,116436,537],{"class":83},[69,116438,116439],{"class":146},"deepcopy",[69,116441,132],{"class":83},[69,116443,12824],{"class":146},[69,116445,166],{"class":83},[69,116447,116448],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,116449,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,116451,116452,116454,116456,116458,116460,116462,116464,116466],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,116453,12824],{"class":75},[69,116455,331],{"class":83},[69,116457,1226],{"class":87},[69,116459,14243],{"class":83},[69,116461,1606],{"class":146},[69,116463,132],{"class":83},[69,116465,56822],{"class":87},[69,116467,166],{"class":83},[69,116469,116470],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,116471,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,116473,116474,116476,116478,116480,116482],{"class":71,"line":7120},[69,116475,172],{"class":128},[69,116477,132],{"class":83},[69,116479,12824],{"class":146},[69,116481,938],{"class":83},[69,116483,116484],{"class":189},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[69,116486,116487,116489,116491,116494,116496],{"class":71,"line":7125},[69,116488,172],{"class":128},[69,116490,132],{"class":83},[69,116492,116493],{"class":146},"shallow",[69,116495,938],{"class":83},[69,116497,116498],{"class":189},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[69,116500,116501,116503,116505,116508,116510],{"class":71,"line":12285},[69,116502,172],{"class":128},[69,116504,132],{"class":83},[69,116506,116507],{"class":146},"deep",[69,116509,938],{"class":83},[69,116511,116512],{"class":189},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116514,1378,116515,116518,116519,5096,116521,116524],{},[15,116516,116517],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[42,116520,13542],{},[15,116522,116523],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[55,116526,116528],{"id":116527},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[29,116530,116531,116534,116537,116540,116543],{},[32,116532,116533],{},"What a copy means in Python",[32,116535,116536],{},"How shallow copy works",[32,116538,116539],{},"How deep copy works",[32,116541,116542],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[32,116544,116545],{},"When to use each approach",[55,116547,116549],{"id":116548},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116551,848,116552,116554,116555,116557],{},[42,116553,13542],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[42,116556,5334],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116559,213],{},[29,116561,116562,116565,116568],{},[32,116563,116564],{},"the outer container is new",[32,116566,116567],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[32,116569,116570],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116572,234],{},[60,116574,116576],{"className":62,"code":116575,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116577,116578,116604,116618,116622,116640,116644,116657],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,116579,116580,116582,116584,116586,116588,116590,116592,116594,116596,116598,116600,116602],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,116581,12777],{"class":75},[69,116583,80],{"class":79},[69,116585,56769],{"class":83},[69,116587,88],{"class":87},[69,116589,91],{"class":83},[69,116591,94],{"class":87},[69,116593,18752],{"class":83},[69,116595,84],{"class":83},[69,116597,346],{"class":87},[69,116599,91],{"class":83},[69,116601,104],{"class":87},[69,116603,53717],{"class":83},[69,116605,116606,116608,116610,116612,116614,116616],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,116607,15004],{"class":75},[69,116609,80],{"class":79},[69,116611,12852],{"class":75},[69,116613,537],{"class":83},[69,116615,13603],{"class":146},[69,116617,9329],{"class":83},[69,116619,116620],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,116621,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,116623,116624,116626,116628,116630,116632,116634,116636,116638],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,116625,15023],{"class":75},[69,116627,537],{"class":83},[69,116629,1606],{"class":146},[69,116631,3710],{"class":83},[69,116633,2866],{"class":87},[69,116635,91],{"class":83},[69,116637,114],{"class":87},[69,116639,618],{"class":83},[69,116641,116642],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,116643,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,116645,116646,116648,116650,116652,116654],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,116647,172],{"class":128},[69,116649,132],{"class":83},[69,116651,12824],{"class":146},[69,116653,938],{"class":83},[69,116655,116656],{"class":189},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[69,116658,116659,116661,116663,116665,116667],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,116660,172],{"class":128},[69,116662,132],{"class":83},[69,116664,15023],{"class":146},[69,116666,938],{"class":83},[69,116668,116669],{"class":189},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116671,116672,116673,116675],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116674,15023],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116677,116678],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[60,116680,116682],{"className":62,"code":116681,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116683,116684,116710,116724,116728,116746,116750,116762],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,116685,116686,116688,116690,116692,116694,116696,116698,116700,116702,116704,116706,116708],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,116687,12777],{"class":75},[69,116689,80],{"class":79},[69,116691,56769],{"class":83},[69,116693,88],{"class":87},[69,116695,91],{"class":83},[69,116697,94],{"class":87},[69,116699,18752],{"class":83},[69,116701,84],{"class":83},[69,116703,346],{"class":87},[69,116705,91],{"class":83},[69,116707,104],{"class":87},[69,116709,53717],{"class":83},[69,116711,116712,116714,116716,116718,116720,116722],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,116713,15004],{"class":75},[69,116715,80],{"class":79},[69,116717,12852],{"class":75},[69,116719,537],{"class":83},[69,116721,13603],{"class":146},[69,116723,9329],{"class":83},[69,116725,116726],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,116727,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,116729,116730,116732,116734,116736,116738,116740,116742,116744],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,116731,15023],{"class":75},[69,116733,331],{"class":83},[69,116735,1226],{"class":87},[69,116737,14243],{"class":83},[69,116739,1606],{"class":146},[69,116741,132],{"class":83},[69,116743,56822],{"class":87},[69,116745,166],{"class":83},[69,116747,116748],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,116749,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,116751,116752,116754,116756,116758,116760],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,116753,172],{"class":128},[69,116755,132],{"class":83},[69,116757,12824],{"class":146},[69,116759,938],{"class":83},[69,116761,116484],{"class":189},[69,116763,116764,116766,116768,116770,116772],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,116765,172],{"class":128},[69,116767,132],{"class":83},[69,116769,15023],{"class":146},[69,116771,938],{"class":83},[69,116773,116774],{"class":189},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116776,116777,116778,5096,116780,116783],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116779,56926],{},[15,116781,116782],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116785,116786,116787,537],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[533,116788,44407],{"href":12756},[55,116790,116792],{"id":116791},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116794,848,116795,116797],{},[42,116796,116357],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116799,213],{},[29,116801,116802,116804,116807],{},[32,116803,116564],{},[32,116805,116806],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[32,116808,116809],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116811,234],{},[60,116813,116815],{"className":62,"code":116814,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116816,116817,116823,116827,116853,116871,116875,116893,116897,116909],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,116818,116819,116821],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,116820,35779],{"class":1053},[69,116822,116375],{"class":75},[69,116824,116825],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,116826,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,116828,116829,116831,116833,116835,116837,116839,116841,116843,116845,116847,116849,116851],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,116830,12777],{"class":75},[69,116832,80],{"class":79},[69,116834,56769],{"class":83},[69,116836,88],{"class":87},[69,116838,91],{"class":83},[69,116840,94],{"class":87},[69,116842,18752],{"class":83},[69,116844,84],{"class":83},[69,116846,346],{"class":87},[69,116848,91],{"class":83},[69,116850,104],{"class":87},[69,116852,53717],{"class":83},[69,116854,116855,116857,116859,116861,116863,116865,116867,116869],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,116856,15004],{"class":75},[69,116858,80],{"class":79},[69,116860,116415],{"class":75},[69,116862,537],{"class":83},[69,116864,116439],{"class":146},[69,116866,132],{"class":83},[69,116868,12824],{"class":146},[69,116870,166],{"class":83},[69,116872,116873],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,116874,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,116876,116877,116879,116881,116883,116885,116887,116889,116891],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,116878,15023],{"class":75},[69,116880,331],{"class":83},[69,116882,1226],{"class":87},[69,116884,14243],{"class":83},[69,116886,1606],{"class":146},[69,116888,132],{"class":83},[69,116890,56822],{"class":87},[69,116892,166],{"class":83},[69,116894,116895],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,116896,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,116898,116899,116901,116903,116905,116907],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,116900,172],{"class":128},[69,116902,132],{"class":83},[69,116904,12824],{"class":146},[69,116906,938],{"class":83},[69,116908,116656],{"class":189},[69,116910,116911,116913,116915,116917,116919],{"class":71,"line":7120},[69,116912,172],{"class":128},[69,116914,132],{"class":83},[69,116916,15023],{"class":146},[69,116918,938],{"class":83},[69,116920,116774],{"class":189},[20,116922,116923,116924,116926,116927,537],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116925,116782],{}," does not change ",[15,116928,56926],{},[55,116930,116932],{"id":116931},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116934,116935],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116937,116938],{},"Common reasons:",[29,116940,116941,116944,116947,116953],{},[32,116942,116943],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[32,116945,116946],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[32,116948,116949,116950,116952],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116951,80],{}," does not make a copy",[32,116954,116955],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116957,116958,116959,116961],{},"For example, this does ",[42,116960,5334],{}," create a copy:",[60,116963,116965],{"className":62,"code":116964,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116966,116967,116987,116995,116999,117013,117017,117029],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,116968,116969,116971,116973,116975,116977,116979,116981,116983,116985],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,116970,12777],{"class":75},[69,116972,80],{"class":79},[69,116974,84],{"class":83},[69,116976,88],{"class":87},[69,116978,91],{"class":83},[69,116980,94],{"class":87},[69,116982,91],{"class":83},[69,116984,99],{"class":87},[69,116986,117],{"class":83},[69,116988,116989,116991,116993],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,116990,15004],{"class":75},[69,116992,80],{"class":79},[69,116994,12815],{"class":75},[69,116996,116997],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,116998,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,117000,117001,117003,117005,117007,117009,117011],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,117002,15023],{"class":75},[69,117004,537],{"class":83},[69,117006,1606],{"class":146},[69,117008,132],{"class":83},[69,117010,334],{"class":87},[69,117012,166],{"class":83},[69,117014,117015],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,117016,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,117018,117019,117021,117023,117025,117027],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,117020,172],{"class":128},[69,117022,132],{"class":83},[69,117024,12824],{"class":146},[69,117026,938],{"class":83},[69,117028,56176],{"class":189},[69,117030,117031,117033,117035,117037,117039],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,117032,172],{"class":128},[69,117034,132],{"class":83},[69,117036,15023],{"class":146},[69,117038,938],{"class":83},[69,117040,117041],{"class":189},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,117043,117044],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[55,117046,117048],{"id":117047},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,117050,117051],{},"These three ideas are different.",[377,117053,117055],{"id":117054},"assignment","Assignment",[20,117057,117058],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[60,117060,117062],{"className":62,"code":117061,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,117063,117064,117090,117098,117102],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,117065,117066,117068,117070,117072,117074,117076,117078,117080,117082,117084,117086,117088],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,117067,12777],{"class":75},[69,117069,80],{"class":79},[69,117071,56769],{"class":83},[69,117073,88],{"class":87},[69,117075,91],{"class":83},[69,117077,94],{"class":87},[69,117079,18752],{"class":83},[69,117081,84],{"class":83},[69,117083,346],{"class":87},[69,117085,91],{"class":83},[69,117087,104],{"class":87},[69,117089,53717],{"class":83},[69,117091,117092,117094,117096],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,117093,14795],{"class":75},[69,117095,80],{"class":79},[69,117097,12815],{"class":75},[69,117099,117100],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,117101,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,117103,117104,117106,117108,117110,117112,117114,117116],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,117105,172],{"class":128},[69,117107,132],{"class":83},[69,117109,12777],{"class":146},[69,117111,12885],{"class":1053},[69,117113,14863],{"class":146},[69,117115,938],{"class":83},[69,117117,4381],{"class":189},[20,117119,117120],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[377,117122,117124],{"id":117123},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,117126,117127],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[60,117129,117131],{"className":62,"code":117130,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,117132,117133,117159,117173,117177,117194],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,117134,117135,117137,117139,117141,117143,117145,117147,117149,117151,117153,117155,117157],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,117136,12777],{"class":75},[69,117138,80],{"class":79},[69,117140,56769],{"class":83},[69,117142,88],{"class":87},[69,117144,91],{"class":83},[69,117146,94],{"class":87},[69,117148,18752],{"class":83},[69,117150,84],{"class":83},[69,117152,346],{"class":87},[69,117154,91],{"class":83},[69,117156,104],{"class":87},[69,117158,53717],{"class":83},[69,117160,117161,117163,117165,117167,117169,117171],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,117162,116410],{"class":75},[69,117164,80],{"class":79},[69,117166,12852],{"class":75},[69,117168,537],{"class":83},[69,117170,13603],{"class":146},[69,117172,9329],{"class":83},[69,117174,117175],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,117176,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,117178,117179,117181,117183,117185,117187,117190,117192],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,117180,172],{"class":128},[69,117182,132],{"class":83},[69,117184,12777],{"class":146},[69,117186,12885],{"class":1053},[69,117188,117189],{"class":146}," shallow",[69,117191,938],{"class":83},[69,117193,21891],{"class":189},[69,117195,117196,117198,117200,117202,117204,117206,117208,117210,117212,117214,117216,117218],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,117197,172],{"class":128},[69,117199,132],{"class":83},[69,117201,12824],{"class":146},[69,117203,331],{"class":83},[69,117205,1226],{"class":87},[69,117207,13966],{"class":83},[69,117209,8783],{"class":1053},[69,117211,117189],{"class":146},[69,117213,331],{"class":83},[69,117215,1226],{"class":87},[69,117217,21137],{"class":83},[69,117219,4381],{"class":189},[377,117221,117223],{"id":117222},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,117225,117226],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[60,117228,117230],{"className":62,"code":117229,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,117231,117232,117238,117242,117268,117286,117290,117308],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,117233,117234,117236],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,117235,35779],{"class":1053},[69,117237,116375],{"class":75},[69,117239,117240],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,117241,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,117243,117244,117246,117248,117250,117252,117254,117256,117258,117260,117262,117264,117266],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,117245,12777],{"class":75},[69,117247,80],{"class":79},[69,117249,56769],{"class":83},[69,117251,88],{"class":87},[69,117253,91],{"class":83},[69,117255,94],{"class":87},[69,117257,18752],{"class":83},[69,117259,84],{"class":83},[69,117261,346],{"class":87},[69,117263,91],{"class":83},[69,117265,104],{"class":87},[69,117267,53717],{"class":83},[69,117269,117270,117272,117274,117276,117278,117280,117282,117284],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,117271,116430],{"class":75},[69,117273,80],{"class":79},[69,117275,116415],{"class":75},[69,117277,537],{"class":83},[69,117279,116439],{"class":146},[69,117281,132],{"class":83},[69,117283,12824],{"class":146},[69,117285,166],{"class":83},[69,117287,117288],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,117289,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,117291,117292,117294,117296,117298,117300,117303,117305],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,117293,172],{"class":128},[69,117295,132],{"class":83},[69,117297,12777],{"class":146},[69,117299,12885],{"class":1053},[69,117301,117302],{"class":146}," deep",[69,117304,938],{"class":83},[69,117306,117307],{"class":189},"         # False\n",[69,117309,117310,117312,117314,117316,117318,117320,117322,117324,117326,117328,117330,117332],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,117311,172],{"class":128},[69,117313,132],{"class":83},[69,117315,12824],{"class":146},[69,117317,331],{"class":83},[69,117319,1226],{"class":87},[69,117321,13966],{"class":83},[69,117323,8783],{"class":1053},[69,117325,117302],{"class":146},[69,117327,331],{"class":83},[69,117329,1226],{"class":87},[69,117331,21137],{"class":83},[69,117333,44343],{"class":189},[55,117335,117337],{"id":117336},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,117339,117340,117341,143],{},"These all make ",[42,117342,117343],{},"shallow copies",[29,117345,117346,117350,117354,117359,117365],{},[32,117347,117348],{},[15,117349,56076],{},[32,117351,117352],{},[15,117353,13126],{},[32,117355,117356],{},[15,117357,117358],{},"set.copy()",[32,117360,117361,117362],{},"list slicing like ",[15,117363,117364],{},"my_list[:]",[32,117366,117367,117369,117370,35769],{},[15,117368,116517],{}," from the ",[15,117371,13603],{},[20,117373,2855],{},[60,117375,117377],{"className":62,"code":117376,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,117378,117379,117399,117403,117417,117428,117432,117444],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,117380,117381,117383,117385,117387,117389,117391,117393,117395,117397],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,117382,76],{"class":75},[69,117384,80],{"class":79},[69,117386,84],{"class":83},[69,117388,88],{"class":87},[69,117390,91],{"class":83},[69,117392,94],{"class":87},[69,117394,91],{"class":83},[69,117396,99],{"class":87},[69,117398,117],{"class":83},[69,117400,117401],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,117402,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,117404,117405,117407,117409,117411,117413,117415],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,117406,3280],{"class":75},[69,117408,80],{"class":79},[69,117410,163],{"class":75},[69,117412,537],{"class":83},[69,117414,13603],{"class":146},[69,117416,9329],{"class":83},[69,117418,117419,117421,117423,117425],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,117420,3308],{"class":75},[69,117422,80],{"class":79},[69,117424,163],{"class":75},[69,117426,117427],{"class":83},"[:]\n",[69,117429,117430],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,117431,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,117433,117434,117436,117438,117440,117442],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,117435,172],{"class":128},[69,117437,132],{"class":83},[69,117439,533],{"class":146},[69,117441,938],{"class":83},[69,117443,55407],{"class":189},[69,117445,117446,117448,117450,117452,117454],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,117447,172],{"class":128},[69,117449,132],{"class":83},[69,117451,5465],{"class":146},[69,117453,938],{"class":83},[69,117455,55407],{"class":189},[20,117457,73618,117458,48006,117462,537],{},[533,117459,117460,11428],{"href":55435},[15,117461,56076],{},[533,117463,117464,11428],{"href":13123},[15,117465,13126],{},[55,117467,117469],{"id":117468},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,117471,117472],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[29,117474,117475,117478,117481],{},[32,117476,117477],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[32,117479,117480],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[32,117482,117483],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,117485,117486],{},"Example with a flat list:",[60,117488,117490],{"className":62,"code":117489,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117491,117492,117512,117526,117530,117544,117548,117560],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,117493,117494,117496,117498,117500,117502,117504,117506,117508,117510],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,117495,12777],{"class":75},[69,117497,80],{"class":79},[69,117499,84],{"class":83},[69,117501,88],{"class":87},[69,117503,91],{"class":83},[69,117505,94],{"class":87},[69,117507,91],{"class":83},[69,117509,99],{"class":87},[69,117511,117],{"class":83},[69,117513,117514,117516,117518,117520,117522,117524],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,117515,15004],{"class":75},[69,117517,80],{"class":79},[69,117519,12852],{"class":75},[69,117521,537],{"class":83},[69,117523,13603],{"class":146},[69,117525,9329],{"class":83},[69,117527,117528],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,117529,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,117531,117532,117534,117536,117538,117540,117542],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,117533,15023],{"class":75},[69,117535,537],{"class":83},[69,117537,1606],{"class":146},[69,117539,132],{"class":83},[69,117541,334],{"class":87},[69,117543,166],{"class":83},[69,117545,117546],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,117547,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,117549,117550,117552,117554,117556,117558],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,117551,172],{"class":128},[69,117553,132],{"class":83},[69,117555,12824],{"class":146},[69,117557,938],{"class":83},[69,117559,55407],{"class":189},[69,117561,117562,117564,117566,117568,117570],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,117563,172],{"class":128},[69,117565,132],{"class":83},[69,117567,15023],{"class":146},[69,117569,938],{"class":83},[69,117571,117041],{"class":189},[20,117573,117574],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117576,117577,117578,537],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[533,117579,15580],{"href":57695},[55,117581,117583],{"id":117582},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117585,117586],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[29,117588,117589,117592,117595],{},[32,117590,117591],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[32,117593,117594],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[32,117596,117597],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117599,117600],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[60,117602,117604],{"className":62,"code":117603,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117605,117606,117612,117616,117642,117656,117674,117678,117700,117704,117717,117730],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,117607,117608,117610],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,117609,35779],{"class":1053},[69,117611,116375],{"class":75},[69,117613,117614],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,117615,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,117617,117618,117620,117622,117624,117626,117628,117630,117632,117634,117636,117638,117640],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,117619,12777],{"class":75},[69,117621,80],{"class":79},[69,117623,11177],{"class":83},[69,117625,871],{"class":699},[69,117627,17080],{"class":703},[69,117629,871],{"class":699},[69,117631,143],{"class":83},[69,117633,84],{"class":83},[69,117635,444],{"class":87},[69,117637,91],{"class":83},[69,117639,454],{"class":87},[69,117641,14398],{"class":83},[69,117643,117644,117646,117648,117650,117652,117654],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,117645,116410],{"class":75},[69,117647,80],{"class":79},[69,117649,12852],{"class":75},[69,117651,537],{"class":83},[69,117653,13603],{"class":146},[69,117655,9329],{"class":83},[69,117657,117658,117660,117662,117664,117666,117668,117670,117672],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,117659,116430],{"class":75},[69,117661,80],{"class":79},[69,117663,116415],{"class":75},[69,117665,537],{"class":83},[69,117667,116439],{"class":146},[69,117669,132],{"class":83},[69,117671,12824],{"class":146},[69,117673,166],{"class":83},[69,117675,117676],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,117677,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,117679,117680,117682,117684,117686,117688,117690,117692,117694,117696,117698],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,117681,12824],{"class":75},[69,117683,331],{"class":83},[69,117685,871],{"class":699},[69,117687,17080],{"class":703},[69,117689,871],{"class":699},[69,117691,14243],{"class":83},[69,117693,1606],{"class":146},[69,117695,132],{"class":83},[69,117697,37532],{"class":87},[69,117699,166],{"class":83},[69,117701,117702],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,117703,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,117705,117706,117708,117710,117712,117714],{"class":71,"line":7120},[69,117707,172],{"class":128},[69,117709,132],{"class":83},[69,117711,12824],{"class":146},[69,117713,938],{"class":83},[69,117715,117716],{"class":189},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[69,117718,117719,117721,117723,117725,117727],{"class":71,"line":7125},[69,117720,172],{"class":128},[69,117722,132],{"class":83},[69,117724,116493],{"class":146},[69,117726,938],{"class":83},[69,117728,117729],{"class":189},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[69,117731,117732,117734,117736,117738,117740],{"class":71,"line":12285},[69,117733,172],{"class":128},[69,117735,132],{"class":83},[69,117737,116507],{"class":146},[69,117739,938],{"class":83},[69,117741,117742],{"class":189},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117744,117745],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[55,117747,117749],{"id":117748},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117751,117752],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[29,117754,117755,117758,117761,117764],{},[32,117756,117757],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[32,117759,117760],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[32,117762,117763],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[32,117765,117766],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117768,117769],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[60,117771,117773],{"className":62,"code":117772,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117774,117775,117783,117791,117795,117803,117807,117819],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,117776,117777,117779,117781],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,117778,3280],{"class":75},[69,117780,80],{"class":79},[69,117782,3313],{"class":87},[69,117784,117785,117787,117789],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,117786,3308],{"class":75},[69,117788,80],{"class":79},[69,117790,36865],{"class":75},[69,117792,117793],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,117794,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,117796,117797,117799,117801],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,117798,3308],{"class":75},[69,117800,80],{"class":79},[69,117802,15307],{"class":87},[69,117804,117805],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,117806,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,117808,117809,117811,117813,117815,117817],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,117810,172],{"class":128},[69,117812,132],{"class":83},[69,117814,533],{"class":146},[69,117816,938],{"class":83},[69,117818,27483],{"class":189},[69,117820,117821,117823,117825,117827,117829],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,117822,172],{"class":128},[69,117824,132],{"class":83},[69,117826,5465],{"class":146},[69,117828,938],{"class":83},[69,117830,28304],{"class":189},[20,117832,93989,117833,117836],{},[533,117834,117835],{"href":12756},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[55,117838,1771],{"id":1770},[20,117840,117841],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[29,117843,117844,117848,117853,117858,117861],{},[32,117845,840,117846,57259],{},[15,117847,80],{},[32,117849,840,117850,117852],{},[15,117851,56076],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[32,117854,840,117855,117857],{},[15,117856,13126],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[32,117859,117860],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[32,117862,117863],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117865,117866],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[60,117868,117870],{"className":62,"code":117869,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117871,117872,117886,117900,117922,117953],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,117873,117874,117876,117878,117880,117882,117884],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,117875,172],{"class":128},[69,117877,132],{"class":83},[69,117879,12777],{"class":146},[69,117881,12885],{"class":1053},[69,117883,15077],{"class":146},[69,117885,166],{"class":83},[69,117887,117888,117890,117892,117894,117896,117898],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,117889,172],{"class":128},[69,117891,132],{"class":83},[69,117893,12777],{"class":146},[69,117895,5392],{"class":79},[69,117897,15077],{"class":146},[69,117899,166],{"class":83},[69,117901,117902,117904,117906,117908,117910,117912,117914,117916,117918,117920],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,117903,172],{"class":128},[69,117905,132],{"class":83},[69,117907,13341],{"class":128},[69,117909,132],{"class":83},[69,117911,12824],{"class":146},[69,117913,9920],{"class":83},[69,117915,15508],{"class":128},[69,117917,132],{"class":83},[69,117919,15023],{"class":146},[69,117921,318],{"class":83},[69,117923,117924,117926,117928,117930,117932,117934,117936,117938,117941,117943,117945,117947,117949,117951],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,117925,172],{"class":128},[69,117927,132],{"class":83},[69,117929,13341],{"class":128},[69,117931,132],{"class":83},[69,117933,12824],{"class":146},[69,117935,331],{"class":83},[69,117937,1226],{"class":87},[69,117939,117940],{"class":83},"]),",[69,117942,15508],{"class":128},[69,117944,132],{"class":83},[69,117946,15023],{"class":146},[69,117948,331],{"class":83},[69,117950,1226],{"class":87},[69,117952,2201],{"class":83},[69,117954,117955,117957,117959,117961,117963,117965],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,117956,172],{"class":128},[69,117958,132],{"class":83},[69,117960,641],{"class":177},[69,117962,132],{"class":83},[69,117964,12824],{"class":146},[69,117966,318],{"class":83},[20,117968,117969],{},"What they tell you:",[29,117971,117972,117977,117982,117987,117997],{},[32,117973,117974,117976],{},[15,117975,12885],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[32,117978,117979,117981],{},[15,117980,5392],{}," checks whether values are equal",[32,117983,117984,117986],{},[15,117985,43959],{}," shows the identity of an object",[32,117988,117989,117990,5096,117993,117996],{},"comparing ",[15,117991,117992],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117994,117995],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[32,117998,117999,118001],{},[15,118000,3029],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[55,118003,2519],{"id":2518},[377,118005,118007],{"id":118006},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,118009,118010],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[377,118012,57745],{"id":57660},[20,118014,118015],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[377,118017,118019],{"id":118018},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,118021,118022],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[377,118024,118026],{"id":118025},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,118028,118029],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[377,118031,118033],{"id":118032},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,118035,118036],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[55,118038,2620],{"id":2619},[29,118040,118041,118046,118052,118058,118062],{},[32,118042,118043],{},[533,118044,118045],{"href":12756},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[32,118047,118048],{},[533,118049,13,118050,11428],{"href":55435},[15,118051,56076],{},[32,118053,118054],{},[533,118055,13,118056,11428],{"href":13123},[15,118057,13126],{},[32,118059,118060],{},[533,118061,15657],{"href":57695},[32,118063,118064],{},[533,118065,118066],{"href":58970},"What is a list in Python?",[2650,118068,118069],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":118071},[118072,118073,118074,118075,118076,118077,118082,118083,118084,118085,118086,118087,118094],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":116527,"depth":120,"text":116528},{"id":116548,"depth":120,"text":116549},{"id":116791,"depth":120,"text":116792},{"id":116931,"depth":120,"text":116932},{"id":117047,"depth":120,"text":117048,"children":118078},[118079,118080,118081],{"id":117054,"depth":169,"text":117055},{"id":117123,"depth":169,"text":117124},{"id":117222,"depth":169,"text":117223},{"id":117336,"depth":120,"text":117337},{"id":117468,"depth":120,"text":117469},{"id":117582,"depth":120,"text":117583},{"id":117748,"depth":120,"text":117749},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":118088},[118089,118090,118091,118092,118093],{"id":118006,"depth":169,"text":118007},{"id":57660,"depth":169,"text":57745},{"id":118018,"depth":169,"text":118019},{"id":118025,"depth":169,"text":118026},{"id":118032,"depth":169,"text":118033},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":116328,"description":118095},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":118101,"title":118102,"body":118103,"description":119960,"extension":2697,"meta":119961,"navigation":272,"path":119962,"seo":119963,"stem":119964,"__hash__":119965},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":118104,"toc":119918},[118105,118110,118115,118123,118125,118193,118198,118203,118218,118221,118223,118254,118256,118276,118279,118294,118296,118299,118372,118374,118419,118421,118432,118437,118441,118446,118449,118488,118490,118510,118513,118570,118572,118607,118610,118649,118651,118671,118674,118705,118707,118763,118765,118770,118841,118843,118876,118881,118886,118951,118953,118990,118993,119070,119072,119132,119139,119144,119147,119150,119231,119233,119274,119279,119282,119360,119362,119395,119404,119411,119414,119425,119428,119439,119443,119451,119460,119464,119469,119473,119478,119521,119524,119530,119533,119535,119582,119587,119591,119594,119643,119645,119666,119669,119671,119696,119699,119820,119825,119827,119832,119835,119840,119843,119851,119856,119863,119866,119874,119877,119879,119915],[10,118106,13,118108,18],{"id":118107},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,118109,74902],{},[20,118111,118112,118114],{},[15,118113,74902],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,118116,118117,118118,2920,118120,118122],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,118119,78345],{},[15,118121,74902],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[55,118124,4327],{"id":4326},[60,118126,118128],{"className":62,"code":118127,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118129,118130,118150,118164,118168,118180],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118131,118132,118134,118136,118138,118140,118142,118144,118146,118148],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118133,76],{"class":75},[69,118135,80],{"class":79},[69,118137,84],{"class":83},[69,118139,346],{"class":87},[69,118141,91],{"class":83},[69,118143,1263],{"class":87},[69,118145,91],{"class":83},[69,118147,94],{"class":87},[69,118149,117],{"class":83},[69,118151,118152,118154,118156,118158,118160,118162],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,118153,123],{"class":75},[69,118155,80],{"class":79},[69,118157,75036],{"class":128},[69,118159,132],{"class":83},[69,118161,4366],{"class":146},[69,118163,166],{"class":83},[69,118165,118166],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,118167,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,118169,118170,118172,118174,118176,118178],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,118171,172],{"class":128},[69,118173,132],{"class":83},[69,118175,183],{"class":146},[69,118177,938],{"class":83},[69,118179,56163],{"class":189},[69,118181,118182,118184,118186,118188,118190],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,118183,172],{"class":128},[69,118185,132],{"class":83},[69,118187,4366],{"class":146},[69,118189,938],{"class":83},[69,118191,118192],{"class":189},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,118194,118195,118197],{},[15,118196,74902],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[55,118199,202,118201,205],{"id":118200},"what-sorted-does",[15,118202,74902],{},[29,118204,118205,118209,118212,118215],{},[32,118206,118207,63403],{},[15,118208,74902],{},[32,118210,118211],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[32,118213,118214],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[32,118216,118217],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,118219,118220],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[55,118222,2888],{"id":2887},[60,118224,118226],{"className":62,"code":118225,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,118227,118228],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118229,118230,118232,118234,118236,118238,118240,118242,118244,118246,118248,118250,118252],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118231,74992],{"class":128},[69,118233,132],{"class":83},[69,118235,399],{"class":146},[69,118237,91],{"class":83},[69,118239,22269],{"class":9862},[69,118241,80],{"class":79},[69,118243,1181],{"class":1203},[69,118245,91],{"class":83},[69,118247,78548],{"class":9862},[69,118249,80],{"class":79},[69,118251,230],{"class":1203},[69,118253,166],{"class":83},[377,118255,18084],{"id":18083},[29,118257,118258,118263,118268],{},[32,118259,118260,118262],{},[15,118261,399],{},": the values to sort",[32,118264,118265,118267],{},[15,118266,15533],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[32,118269,118270,118272,118273,118275],{},[15,118271,74055],{},": set to ",[15,118274,224],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,118277,118278],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[60,118280,118282],{"className":62,"code":118281,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,118283,118284],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118285,118286,118288,118290,118292],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118287,74992],{"class":128},[69,118289,132],{"class":83},[69,118291,60784],{"class":146},[69,118293,166],{"class":83},[55,118295,12165],{"id":12164},[20,118297,118298],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[60,118300,118302],{"className":62,"code":118301,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118303,118304,118328,118332,118347,118351,118362],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118305,118306,118308,118310,118312,118314,118316,118318,118320,118322,118324,118326],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118307,76],{"class":75},[69,118309,80],{"class":79},[69,118311,84],{"class":83},[69,118313,2866],{"class":87},[69,118315,91],{"class":83},[69,118317,94],{"class":87},[69,118319,91],{"class":83},[69,118321,2504],{"class":87},[69,118323,91],{"class":83},[69,118325,1263],{"class":87},[69,118327,117],{"class":83},[69,118329,118330],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,118331,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,118333,118334,118337,118339,118341,118343,118345],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,118335,118336],{"class":75},"sorted_numbers ",[69,118338,80],{"class":79},[69,118340,75036],{"class":128},[69,118342,132],{"class":83},[69,118344,4366],{"class":146},[69,118346,166],{"class":83},[69,118348,118349],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,118350,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,118352,118353,118355,118357,118360],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,118354,172],{"class":128},[69,118356,132],{"class":83},[69,118358,118359],{"class":146},"sorted_numbers",[69,118361,166],{"class":83},[69,118363,118364,118366,118368,118370],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,118365,172],{"class":128},[69,118367,132],{"class":83},[69,118369,4366],{"class":146},[69,118371,166],{"class":83},[20,118373,321],{},[60,118375,118377],{"className":62,"code":118376,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,118378,118379,118399],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118380,118381,118383,118385,118387,118389,118391,118393,118395,118397],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118382,331],{"class":83},[69,118384,88],{"class":87},[69,118386,91],{"class":83},[69,118388,94],{"class":87},[69,118390,91],{"class":83},[69,118392,109],{"class":87},[69,118394,91],{"class":83},[69,118396,2504],{"class":87},[69,118398,117],{"class":83},[69,118400,118401,118403,118405,118407,118409,118411,118413,118415,118417],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,118402,331],{"class":83},[69,118404,2866],{"class":87},[69,118406,91],{"class":83},[69,118408,94],{"class":87},[69,118410,91],{"class":83},[69,118412,2504],{"class":87},[69,118414,91],{"class":83},[69,118416,1263],{"class":87},[69,118418,117],{"class":83},[20,118420,14455],{},[29,118422,118423,118428],{},[32,118424,118425,118427],{},[15,118426,118359],{}," is a new sorted list",[32,118429,118430,112964],{},[15,118431,4366],{},[20,118433,118434,118435,537],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[533,118436,78855],{"href":78854},[55,118438,118440],{"id":118439},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,118442,118443,118445],{},[15,118444,74902],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[377,118447,118448],{"id":178},"List",[60,118450,118452],{"className":62,"code":118451,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,118453,118454,118474],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118455,118456,118458,118460,118462,118464,118466,118468,118470,118472],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118457,76],{"class":75},[69,118459,80],{"class":79},[69,118461,84],{"class":83},[69,118463,346],{"class":87},[69,118465,91],{"class":83},[69,118467,1263],{"class":87},[69,118469,91],{"class":83},[69,118471,94],{"class":87},[69,118473,117],{"class":83},[69,118475,118476,118478,118480,118482,118484,118486],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,118477,172],{"class":128},[69,118479,132],{"class":83},[69,118481,74992],{"class":128},[69,118483,132],{"class":83},[69,118485,4366],{"class":146},[69,118487,318],{"class":83},[20,118489,321],{},[60,118491,118492],{"className":62,"code":55625,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,118493,118494],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118495,118496,118498,118500,118502,118504,118506,118508],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118497,331],{"class":83},[69,118499,88],{"class":87},[69,118501,91],{"class":83},[69,118503,94],{"class":87},[69,118505,91],{"class":83},[69,118507,99],{"class":87},[69,118509,117],{"class":83},[377,118511,118512],{"id":49426},"Tuple",[60,118514,118516],{"className":62,"code":118515,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,118517,118518,118538,118552],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118519,118520,118522,118524,118526,118528,118530,118532,118534,118536],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118521,4536],{"class":75},[69,118523,80],{"class":79},[69,118525,441],{"class":83},[69,118527,346],{"class":87},[69,118529,91],{"class":83},[69,118531,1263],{"class":87},[69,118533,91],{"class":83},[69,118535,94],{"class":87},[69,118537,166],{"class":83},[69,118539,118540,118542,118544,118546,118548,118550],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,118541,172],{"class":128},[69,118543,132],{"class":83},[69,118545,74992],{"class":128},[69,118547,132],{"class":83},[69,118549,6059],{"class":146},[69,118551,318],{"class":83},[69,118553,118554,118556,118558,118560,118562,118564,118566,118568],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,118555,172],{"class":128},[69,118557,132],{"class":83},[69,118559,641],{"class":177},[69,118561,132],{"class":83},[69,118563,74992],{"class":128},[69,118565,132],{"class":83},[69,118567,6059],{"class":146},[69,118569,2019],{"class":83},[20,118571,321],{},[60,118573,118575],{"className":62,"code":118574,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118576,118577,118593],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118578,118579,118581,118583,118585,118587,118589,118591],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118580,331],{"class":83},[69,118582,88],{"class":87},[69,118584,91],{"class":83},[69,118586,94],{"class":87},[69,118588,91],{"class":83},[69,118590,99],{"class":87},[69,118592,117],{"class":83},[69,118594,118595,118597,118599,118601,118603,118605],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,118596,674],{"class":79},[69,118598,696],{"class":135},[69,118600,700],{"class":699},[69,118602,178],{"class":703},[69,118604,706],{"class":699},[69,118606,689],{"class":79},[377,118608,118609],{"id":6982},"Set",[60,118611,118613],{"className":62,"code":118612,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118614,118615,118635],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118616,118617,118619,118621,118623,118625,118627,118629,118631,118633],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118618,4536],{"class":75},[69,118620,80],{"class":79},[69,118622,11177],{"class":83},[69,118624,346],{"class":87},[69,118626,91],{"class":83},[69,118628,1263],{"class":87},[69,118630,91],{"class":83},[69,118632,94],{"class":87},[69,118634,9994],{"class":83},[69,118636,118637,118639,118641,118643,118645,118647],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,118638,172],{"class":128},[69,118640,132],{"class":83},[69,118642,74992],{"class":128},[69,118644,132],{"class":83},[69,118646,6059],{"class":146},[69,118648,318],{"class":83},[20,118650,321],{},[60,118652,118653],{"className":62,"code":55625,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,118654,118655],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118656,118657,118659,118661,118663,118665,118667,118669],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118658,331],{"class":83},[69,118660,88],{"class":87},[69,118662,91],{"class":83},[69,118664,94],{"class":87},[69,118666,91],{"class":83},[69,118668,99],{"class":87},[69,118670,117],{"class":83},[377,118672,118673],{"id":61651},"String",[60,118675,118677],{"className":62,"code":118676,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118678,118679,118691],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118680,118681,118683,118685,118687,118689],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118682,35378],{"class":75},[69,118684,80],{"class":79},[69,118686,881],{"class":699},[69,118688,64],{"class":703},[69,118690,4079],{"class":699},[69,118692,118693,118695,118697,118699,118701,118703],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,118694,172],{"class":128},[69,118696,132],{"class":83},[69,118698,74992],{"class":128},[69,118700,132],{"class":83},[69,118702,35399],{"class":146},[69,118704,318],{"class":83},[20,118706,321],{},[60,118708,118709],{"className":62,"code":79872,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,118710,118711],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118712,118713,118715,118717,118719,118721,118723,118725,118727,118729,118731,118733,118735,118737,118739,118741,118743,118745,118747,118749,118751,118753,118755,118757,118759,118761],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118714,331],{"class":83},[69,118716,706],{"class":699},[69,118718,60915],{"class":703},[69,118720,706],{"class":699},[69,118722,91],{"class":83},[69,118724,700],{"class":699},[69,118726,76508],{"class":703},[69,118728,706],{"class":699},[69,118730,91],{"class":83},[69,118732,700],{"class":699},[69,118734,60950],{"class":703},[69,118736,706],{"class":699},[69,118738,91],{"class":83},[69,118740,700],{"class":699},[69,118742,20],{"class":703},[69,118744,706],{"class":699},[69,118746,91],{"class":83},[69,118748,700],{"class":699},[69,118750,63764],{"class":703},[69,118752,706],{"class":699},[69,118754,91],{"class":83},[69,118756,700],{"class":699},[69,118758,12436],{"class":703},[69,118760,706],{"class":699},[69,118762,117],{"class":83},[377,118764,29911],{"id":16296},[20,118766,64017,118767,118769],{},[15,118768,74902],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[60,118771,118773],{"className":62,"code":118772,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118774,118775,118827],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118776,118777,118779,118781,118783,118785,118787,118789,118791,118793,118795,118797,118799,118801,118803,118805,118807,118809,118811,118813,118815,118817,118819,118821,118823,118825],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118778,13897],{"class":75},[69,118780,80],{"class":79},[69,118782,11177],{"class":83},[69,118784,871],{"class":699},[69,118786,8356],{"class":703},[69,118788,871],{"class":699},[69,118790,143],{"class":83},[69,118792,881],{"class":699},[69,118794,13572],{"class":703},[69,118796,871],{"class":699},[69,118798,91],{"class":83},[69,118800,881],{"class":699},[69,118802,9985],{"class":703},[69,118804,871],{"class":699},[69,118806,143],{"class":83},[69,118808,454],{"class":87},[69,118810,91],{"class":83},[69,118812,881],{"class":699},[69,118814,11095],{"class":703},[69,118816,871],{"class":699},[69,118818,143],{"class":83},[69,118820,881],{"class":699},[69,118822,16722],{"class":703},[69,118824,871],{"class":699},[69,118826,9994],{"class":83},[69,118828,118829,118831,118833,118835,118837,118839],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,118830,172],{"class":128},[69,118832,132],{"class":83},[69,118834,74992],{"class":128},[69,118836,132],{"class":83},[69,118838,17996],{"class":146},[69,118840,318],{"class":83},[20,118842,321],{},[60,118844,118846],{"className":62,"code":118845,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118847,118848],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118849,118850,118852,118854,118856,118858,118860,118862,118864,118866,118868,118870,118872,118874],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118851,331],{"class":83},[69,118853,706],{"class":699},[69,118855,9985],{"class":703},[69,118857,706],{"class":699},[69,118859,91],{"class":83},[69,118861,700],{"class":699},[69,118863,11095],{"class":703},[69,118865,706],{"class":699},[69,118867,91],{"class":83},[69,118869,700],{"class":699},[69,118871,8356],{"class":703},[69,118873,706],{"class":699},[69,118875,117],{"class":83},[55,118877,840,118879],{"id":118878},"using-reversetrue",[15,118880,78569],{},[20,118882,1378,118883,118885],{},[15,118884,78569],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[60,118887,118889],{"className":62,"code":118888,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118890,118891,118911,118915,118929],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118892,118893,118895,118897,118899,118901,118903,118905,118907,118909],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118894,76],{"class":75},[69,118896,80],{"class":79},[69,118898,84],{"class":83},[69,118900,346],{"class":87},[69,118902,91],{"class":83},[69,118904,1263],{"class":87},[69,118906,91],{"class":83},[69,118908,94],{"class":87},[69,118910,117],{"class":83},[69,118912,118913],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,118914,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,118916,118917,118919,118921,118923,118925,118927],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,118918,172],{"class":128},[69,118920,132],{"class":83},[69,118922,74992],{"class":128},[69,118924,132],{"class":83},[69,118926,4366],{"class":146},[69,118928,318],{"class":83},[69,118930,118931,118933,118935,118937,118939,118941,118943,118945,118947,118949],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,118932,172],{"class":128},[69,118934,132],{"class":83},[69,118936,74992],{"class":128},[69,118938,132],{"class":83},[69,118940,4366],{"class":146},[69,118942,91],{"class":83},[69,118944,78548],{"class":9862},[69,118946,80],{"class":79},[69,118948,224],{"class":1203},[69,118950,318],{"class":83},[20,118952,321],{},[60,118954,118956],{"className":62,"code":118955,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118957,118958,118974],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118959,118960,118962,118964,118966,118968,118970,118972],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,118961,331],{"class":83},[69,118963,88],{"class":87},[69,118965,91],{"class":83},[69,118967,94],{"class":87},[69,118969,91],{"class":83},[69,118971,99],{"class":87},[69,118973,117],{"class":83},[69,118975,118976,118978,118980,118982,118984,118986,118988],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,118977,331],{"class":83},[69,118979,346],{"class":87},[69,118981,91],{"class":83},[69,118983,94],{"class":87},[69,118985,91],{"class":83},[69,118987,1263],{"class":87},[69,118989,117],{"class":83},[20,118991,118992],{},"This also works with strings:",[60,118994,118996],{"className":62,"code":118995,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118997,118998,119030,119034,119048],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,118999,119000,119002,119004,119006,119008,119010,119012,119014,119016,119018,119020,119022,119024,119026,119028],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,119001,864],{"class":75},[69,119003,80],{"class":79},[69,119005,84],{"class":83},[69,119007,871],{"class":699},[69,119009,874],{"class":703},[69,119011,871],{"class":699},[69,119013,91],{"class":83},[69,119015,881],{"class":699},[69,119017,893],{"class":703},[69,119019,871],{"class":699},[69,119021,91],{"class":83},[69,119023,881],{"class":699},[69,119025,4800],{"class":703},[69,119027,871],{"class":699},[69,119029,117],{"class":83},[69,119031,119032],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,119033,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,119035,119036,119038,119040,119042,119044,119046],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,119037,172],{"class":128},[69,119039,132],{"class":83},[69,119041,74992],{"class":128},[69,119043,132],{"class":83},[69,119045,4817],{"class":146},[69,119047,318],{"class":83},[69,119049,119050,119052,119054,119056,119058,119060,119062,119064,119066,119068],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,119051,172],{"class":128},[69,119053,132],{"class":83},[69,119055,74992],{"class":128},[69,119057,132],{"class":83},[69,119059,4817],{"class":146},[69,119061,91],{"class":83},[69,119063,78548],{"class":9862},[69,119065,80],{"class":79},[69,119067,224],{"class":1203},[69,119069,318],{"class":83},[20,119071,321],{},[60,119073,119074],{"className":62,"code":74636,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,119075,119076,119104],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,119077,119078,119080,119082,119084,119086,119088,119090,119092,119094,119096,119098,119100,119102],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,119079,331],{"class":83},[69,119081,706],{"class":699},[69,119083,874],{"class":703},[69,119085,706],{"class":699},[69,119087,91],{"class":83},[69,119089,700],{"class":699},[69,119091,893],{"class":703},[69,119093,706],{"class":699},[69,119095,91],{"class":83},[69,119097,700],{"class":699},[69,119099,4800],{"class":703},[69,119101,706],{"class":699},[69,119103,117],{"class":83},[69,119105,119106,119108,119110,119112,119114,119116,119118,119120,119122,119124,119126,119128,119130],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,119107,331],{"class":83},[69,119109,706],{"class":699},[69,119111,4800],{"class":703},[69,119113,706],{"class":699},[69,119115,91],{"class":83},[69,119117,700],{"class":699},[69,119119,893],{"class":703},[69,119121,706],{"class":699},[69,119123,91],{"class":83},[69,119125,700],{"class":699},[69,119127,874],{"class":703},[69,119129,706],{"class":699},[69,119131,117],{"class":83},[55,119133,840,119135,119138],{"id":119134},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,119136,119137],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,119140,2714,119141,119143],{},[15,119142,119137],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,119145,119146],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,119148,119149],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[60,119151,119153],{"className":62,"code":119152,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,119154,119155,119195,119199,119221],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,119156,119157,119159,119161,119163,119165,119167,119169,119171,119173,119175,119177,119179,119181,119183,119185,119187,119189,119191,119193],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,119158,864],{"class":75},[69,119160,80],{"class":79},[69,119162,84],{"class":83},[69,119164,871],{"class":699},[69,119166,79222],{"class":703},[69,119168,871],{"class":699},[69,119170,91],{"class":83},[69,119172,881],{"class":699},[69,119174,902],{"class":703},[69,119176,871],{"class":699},[69,119178,91],{"class":83},[69,119180,881],{"class":699},[69,119182,893],{"class":703},[69,119184,871],{"class":699},[69,119186,91],{"class":83},[69,119188,881],{"class":699},[69,119190,884],{"class":703},[69,119192,871],{"class":699},[69,119194,117],{"class":83},[69,119196,119197],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,119198,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,119200,119201,119203,119205,119207,119209,119211,119213,119215,119217,119219],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,119202,123],{"class":75},[69,119204,80],{"class":79},[69,119206,75036],{"class":128},[69,119208,132],{"class":83},[69,119210,4817],{"class":146},[69,119212,91],{"class":83},[69,119214,22269],{"class":9862},[69,119216,80],{"class":79},[69,119218,11850],{"class":128},[69,119220,166],{"class":83},[69,119222,119223,119225,119227,119229],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,119224,172],{"class":128},[69,119226,132],{"class":83},[69,119228,183],{"class":146},[69,119230,166],{"class":83},[20,119232,321],{},[60,119234,119236],{"className":62,"code":119235,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,119237,119238],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,119239,119240,119242,119244,119246,119248,119250,119252,119254,119256,119258,119260,119262,119264,119266,119268,119270,119272],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,119241,331],{"class":83},[69,119243,706],{"class":699},[69,119245,902],{"class":703},[69,119247,706],{"class":699},[69,119249,91],{"class":83},[69,119251,700],{"class":699},[69,119253,79222],{"class":703},[69,119255,706],{"class":699},[69,119257,91],{"class":83},[69,119259,700],{"class":699},[69,119261,884],{"class":703},[69,119263,706],{"class":699},[69,119265,91],{"class":83},[69,119267,700],{"class":699},[69,119269,893],{"class":703},[69,119271,706],{"class":699},[69,119273,117],{"class":83},[20,119275,1168,119276,119278],{},[15,119277,11850],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,119280,119281],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[60,119283,119285],{"className":62,"code":119284,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,119286,119287,119320,119324,119350],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,119288,119289,119291,119293,119295,119297,119299,119301,119303,119305,119307,119309,119311,119313,119316,119318],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,119290,864],{"class":75},[69,119292,80],{"class":79},[69,119294,84],{"class":83},[69,119296,871],{"class":699},[69,119298,83841],{"class":703},[69,119300,871],{"class":699},[69,119302,91],{"class":83},[69,119304,881],{"class":699},[69,119306,874],{"class":703},[69,119308,871],{"class":699},[69,119310,91],{"class":83},[69,119312,881],{"class":699},[69,119314,119315],{"class":703},"Cherry",[69,119317,871],{"class":699},[69,119319,117],{"class":83},[69,119321,119322],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,119323,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,119325,119326,119328,119330,119332,119334,119336,119338,119340,119342,119344,119346,119348],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,119327,123],{"class":75},[69,119329,80],{"class":79},[69,119331,75036],{"class":128},[69,119333,132],{"class":83},[69,119335,4817],{"class":146},[69,119337,91],{"class":83},[69,119339,22269],{"class":9862},[69,119341,80],{"class":79},[69,119343,4164],{"class":177},[69,119345,537],{"class":83},[69,119347,9326],{"class":25438},[69,119349,166],{"class":83},[69,119351,119352,119354,119356,119358],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,119353,172],{"class":128},[69,119355,132],{"class":83},[69,119357,183],{"class":146},[69,119359,166],{"class":83},[20,119361,321],{},[60,119363,119365],{"className":62,"code":119364,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,119366,119367],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,119368,119369,119371,119373,119375,119377,119379,119381,119383,119385,119387,119389,119391,119393],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,119370,331],{"class":83},[69,119372,706],{"class":699},[69,119374,874],{"class":703},[69,119376,706],{"class":699},[69,119378,91],{"class":83},[69,119380,700],{"class":699},[69,119382,83841],{"class":703},[69,119384,706],{"class":699},[69,119386,91],{"class":83},[69,119388,700],{"class":699},[69,119390,119315],{"class":703},[69,119392,706],{"class":699},[69,119394,117],{"class":83},[20,119396,119397,119398,36018,119400,537],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,119399,42831],{},[533,119401,13,119402,2515],{"href":42828},[15,119403,42831],{},[55,119405,119407,11272,119409],{"id":119406},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,119408,74902],{},[15,119410,78345],{},[20,119412,119413],{},"The main difference is this:",[29,119415,119416,119421],{},[32,119417,119418,119420],{},[15,119419,74902],{}," returns a new list",[32,119422,119423,74440],{},[15,119424,78345],{},[20,119426,119427],{},"Also:",[29,119429,119430,119435],{},[32,119431,119432,119434],{},[15,119433,74902],{}," works with many iterables",[32,119436,119437,79778],{},[15,119438,78345],{},[20,119440,1378,119441,11288],{},[15,119442,74902],{},[29,119444,119445,119448],{},[32,119446,119447],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[32,119449,119450],{},"your data is not a list",[20,119452,119453,119454,537],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[533,119455,13,119456,11272,119458,6481],{"href":79603},[15,119457,74902],{},[15,119459,78345],{},[55,119461,119463],{"id":119462},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,119465,119466,119467,537],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,119468,74902],{},[377,119470,119472],{"id":119471},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,119474,119475,119476,143],{},"This can raise a ",[15,119477,3728],{},[60,119479,119481],{"className":62,"code":119480,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,119482,119483,119507],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,119484,119485,119487,119489,119491,119493,119495,119497,119499,119501,119503,119505],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,119486,4536],{"class":75},[69,119488,80],{"class":79},[69,119490,84],{"class":83},[69,119492,88],{"class":87},[69,119494,91],{"class":83},[69,119496,881],{"class":699},[69,119498,1155],{"class":703},[69,119500,871],{"class":699},[69,119502,91],{"class":83},[69,119504,99],{"class":87},[69,119506,117],{"class":83},[69,119508,119509,119511,119513,119515,119517,119519],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,119510,172],{"class":128},[69,119512,132],{"class":83},[69,119514,74992],{"class":128},[69,119516,132],{"class":83},[69,119518,6059],{"class":146},[69,119520,318],{"class":83},[20,119522,119523],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[377,119525,119527,119528,3030],{"id":119526},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,119529,15533],{},[20,119531,119532],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,119534,234],{},[60,119536,119538],{"className":62,"code":119537,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,119539,119540,119560],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,119541,119542,119544,119546,119548,119550,119552,119554,119556,119558],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,119543,76],{"class":75},[69,119545,80],{"class":79},[69,119547,84],{"class":83},[69,119549,444],{"class":87},[69,119551,91],{"class":83},[69,119553,94],{"class":87},[69,119555,91],{"class":83},[69,119557,8482],{"class":87},[69,119559,117],{"class":83},[69,119561,119562,119564,119566,119568,119570,119572,119574,119576,119578,119580],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,119563,172],{"class":128},[69,119565,132],{"class":83},[69,119567,74992],{"class":128},[69,119569,132],{"class":83},[69,119571,4366],{"class":146},[69,119573,91],{"class":83},[69,119575,22269],{"class":9862},[69,119577,80],{"class":79},[69,119579,11850],{"class":128},[69,119581,318],{"class":83},[20,119583,48983,119584,119586],{},[15,119585,42831],{}," does not work on integers.",[377,119588,119590],{"id":119589},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119592,119593],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[60,119595,119597],{"className":62,"code":119596,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119598,119599,119619,119629,119633],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,119600,119601,119603,119605,119607,119609,119611,119613,119615,119617],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,119602,76],{"class":75},[69,119604,80],{"class":79},[69,119606,84],{"class":83},[69,119608,346],{"class":87},[69,119610,91],{"class":83},[69,119612,1263],{"class":87},[69,119614,91],{"class":83},[69,119616,94],{"class":87},[69,119618,117],{"class":83},[69,119620,119621,119623,119625,119627],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,119622,74992],{"class":128},[69,119624,132],{"class":83},[69,119626,4366],{"class":146},[69,119628,166],{"class":83},[69,119630,119631],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,119632,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,119634,119635,119637,119639,119641],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,119636,172],{"class":128},[69,119638,132],{"class":83},[69,119640,4366],{"class":146},[69,119642,166],{"class":83},[20,119644,321],{},[60,119646,119648],{"className":62,"code":119647,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119649,119650],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,119651,119652,119654,119656,119658,119660,119662,119664],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,119653,331],{"class":83},[69,119655,346],{"class":87},[69,119657,91],{"class":83},[69,119659,1263],{"class":87},[69,119661,91],{"class":83},[69,119663,94],{"class":87},[69,119665,117],{"class":83},[20,119667,119668],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[55,119670,1771],{"id":1770},[29,119672,119673,119677,119680,119685,119689],{},[32,119674,5283,119675,74440],{},[15,119676,74902],{},[32,119678,119679],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[32,119681,5408,119682,119684],{},[15,119683,74902],{}," always returns a list",[32,119686,840,119687,23792],{},[15,119688,119137],{},[32,119690,30338,119691,119693,119694],{},[15,119692,64789],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119695,74902],{},[20,119697,119698],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[60,119700,119702],{"className":62,"code":119701,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119703,119704,119726,119752,119790],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,119705,119706,119708,119710,119712,119714,119716,119718,119720,119722,119724],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,119707,172],{"class":128},[69,119709,132],{"class":83},[69,119711,74992],{"class":128},[69,119713,3710],{"class":83},[69,119715,346],{"class":87},[69,119717,91],{"class":83},[69,119719,1263],{"class":87},[69,119721,91],{"class":83},[69,119723,94],{"class":87},[69,119725,2201],{"class":83},[69,119727,119728,119730,119732,119734,119736,119738,119740,119742,119744,119746,119748,119750],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,119729,172],{"class":128},[69,119731,132],{"class":83},[69,119733,641],{"class":177},[69,119735,132],{"class":83},[69,119737,74992],{"class":128},[69,119739,6210],{"class":83},[69,119741,346],{"class":87},[69,119743,91],{"class":83},[69,119745,1263],{"class":87},[69,119747,91],{"class":83},[69,119749,94],{"class":87},[69,119751,93845],{"class":83},[69,119753,119754,119756,119758,119760,119762,119764,119766,119768,119770,119772,119774,119776,119778,119780,119782,119784,119786,119788],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,119755,172],{"class":128},[69,119757,132],{"class":83},[69,119759,74992],{"class":128},[69,119761,3710],{"class":83},[69,119763,706],{"class":699},[69,119765,83841],{"class":703},[69,119767,706],{"class":699},[69,119769,91],{"class":83},[69,119771,700],{"class":699},[69,119773,874],{"class":703},[69,119775,706],{"class":699},[69,119777,18752],{"class":83},[69,119779,22269],{"class":9862},[69,119781,80],{"class":79},[69,119783,4164],{"class":177},[69,119785,537],{"class":83},[69,119787,9326],{"class":25438},[69,119789,318],{"class":83},[69,119791,119792,119794,119796,119798,119800,119802,119804,119806,119808,119810,119812,119814,119816,119818],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,119793,172],{"class":128},[69,119795,132],{"class":83},[69,119797,74992],{"class":128},[69,119799,3710],{"class":83},[69,119801,346],{"class":87},[69,119803,91],{"class":83},[69,119805,1263],{"class":87},[69,119807,91],{"class":83},[69,119809,94],{"class":87},[69,119811,18752],{"class":83},[69,119813,78548],{"class":9862},[69,119815,80],{"class":79},[69,119817,224],{"class":1203},[69,119819,318],{"class":83},[20,119821,119822,119823,537],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[533,119824,53246],{"href":51453},[55,119826,2519],{"id":2518},[377,119828,2523,119830,57639],{"id":119829},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119831,74902],{},[20,119833,119834],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[377,119836,2561,119838,13407],{"id":119837},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119839,74902],{},[20,119841,119842],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[377,119844,119846,119847,11780,119849,3218],{"id":119845},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119848,74902],{},[15,119850,78345],{},[20,119852,1378,119853,119855],{},[15,119854,74902],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[377,119857,2561,119859,86929,119861,3218],{"id":119858},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119860,119137],{},[15,119862,74902],{},[20,119864,119865],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[377,119867,5859,119869,119871,119872,3218],{"id":119868},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119870,74902],{}," give a ",[15,119873,3728],{},[20,119875,119876],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[55,119878,2620],{"id":2619},[29,119880,119881,119885,119893,119897,119903,119909],{},[32,119882,119883],{},[533,119884,80351],{"href":78854},[32,119886,119887],{},[533,119888,13,119889,11272,119891,6481],{"href":79603},[15,119890,74902],{},[15,119892,78345],{},[32,119894,119895],{},[533,119896,53246],{"href":51453},[32,119898,119899],{},[533,119900,13,119901,2515],{"href":42828},[15,119902,42831],{},[32,119904,119905],{},[533,119906,13,119907,2515],{"href":92501},[15,119908,36438],{},[32,119910,119911],{},[533,119912,13,119913,2515],{"href":36885},[15,119914,36888],{},[2650,119916,119917],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":119919},[119920,119921,119923,119926,119927,119934,119936,119938,119940,119946,119947,119959],{"id":4326,"depth":120,"text":4327},{"id":118200,"depth":120,"text":119922},"What sorted() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888,"children":119924},[119925],{"id":18083,"depth":169,"text":18084},{"id":12164,"depth":120,"text":12165},{"id":118439,"depth":120,"text":118440,"children":119928},[119929,119930,119931,119932,119933],{"id":178,"depth":169,"text":118448},{"id":49426,"depth":169,"text":118512},{"id":6982,"depth":169,"text":118609},{"id":61651,"depth":169,"text":118673},{"id":16296,"depth":169,"text":29911},{"id":118878,"depth":120,"text":119935},"Using reverse=True",{"id":119134,"depth":120,"text":119937},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":119406,"depth":120,"text":119939},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119462,"depth":120,"text":119463,"children":119941},[119942,119943,119945],{"id":119471,"depth":169,"text":119472},{"id":119526,"depth":169,"text":119944},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119589,"depth":169,"text":119590},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":119948},[119949,119951,119953,119955,119957],{"id":119829,"depth":169,"text":119950},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119837,"depth":169,"text":119952},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119845,"depth":169,"text":119954},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119858,"depth":169,"text":119956},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119868,"depth":169,"text":119958},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":118102,"description":119960},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119967,"title":119968,"body":119969,"description":122080,"extension":2697,"meta":122081,"navigation":272,"path":79603,"seo":122082,"stem":122083,"__hash__":122084},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119970,"toc":122027},[119971,119978,119981,119991,119997,120000,120018,120026,120028,120087,120095,120099,120121,120125,120129,120131,120148,120150,120162,120168,120252,120256,120303,120309,120316,120320,120325,120327,120339,120344,120397,120401,120421,120428,120435,120439,120442,120461,120465,120579,120583,120653,120655,120667,120672,120676,120689,120693,120768,120772,120811,120818,120824,120829,120833,120847,120851,120916,120920,120953,120956,120961,120969,120976,120989,120992,120996,121079,121083,121120,121124,121227,121231,121292,121297,121304,121308,121311,121317,121320,121387,121391,121415,121417,121435,121442,121495,121499,121519,121525,121527,121584,121591,121617,121622,121627,121635,121641,121701,121705,121752,121755,121757,121760,121786,121789,121882,121884,121904,121908,121911,121929,121935,121937,121945,121950,121957,121960,121966,121969,121975,121983,121991,121996,121998,122024],[10,119972,13,119974,11272,119976,93559],{"id":119973},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119975,74902],{},[15,119977,78345],{},[20,119979,119980],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[29,119982,119983,119987],{},[32,119984,119985],{},[15,119986,74902],{},[32,119988,119989],{},[15,119990,78345],{},[20,119992,119993,119994,119996],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[42,119995,5334],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119998,119999],{},"The main difference is simple:",[29,120001,120002,120010],{},[32,120003,1378,120004,120006,120007],{},[15,120005,74902],{}," when you want a ",[42,120008,120009],{},"new sorted result",[32,120011,1378,120012,120014,120015],{},[15,120013,78345],{}," when you want to ",[42,120016,120017],{},"change the original list",[20,120019,120020,120021,1172,120023,120025],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,120022,78345],{},[15,120024,1181],{}," and causes confusion.",[55,120027,4327],{"id":4326},[60,120029,120031],{"className":62,"code":120030,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,120032,120033,120053,120057,120074],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,120034,120035,120037,120039,120041,120043,120045,120047,120049,120051],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,120036,76],{"class":75},[69,120038,80],{"class":79},[69,120040,84],{"class":83},[69,120042,346],{"class":87},[69,120044,91],{"class":83},[69,120046,1263],{"class":87},[69,120048,91],{"class":83},[69,120050,94],{"class":87},[69,120052,117],{"class":83},[69,120054,120055],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,120056,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,120058,120059,120061,120063,120065,120067,120069,120071],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,120060,56365],{"class":75},[69,120062,80],{"class":79},[69,120064,75036],{"class":128},[69,120066,132],{"class":83},[69,120068,4366],{"class":146},[69,120070,938],{"class":83},[69,120072,120073],{"class":189},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[69,120075,120076,120078,120080,120082,120084],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,120077,4366],{"class":75},[69,120079,537],{"class":83},[69,120081,35490],{"class":146},[69,120083,8053],{"class":83},[69,120085,120086],{"class":189},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,120088,1378,120089,120091,120092,120094],{},[15,120090,74902],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,120093,78345],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[55,120096,120098],{"id":120097},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[29,120100,120101,120106,120111,120118],{},[32,120102,1378,120103,120105],{},[15,120104,74902],{}," to get a new sorted list",[32,120107,1378,120108,120110],{},[15,120109,78345],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[32,120112,120113,120114,1172,120116],{},"Understand why ",[15,120115,78345],{},[15,120117,1181],{},[32,120119,120120],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[55,120122,202,120123,205],{"id":118200},[15,120124,74902],{},[20,120126,120127,63403],{},[15,120128,74902],{},[20,120130,49400],{},[29,120132,120133,120139,120145],{},[32,120134,120135,120136],{},"returns a ",[42,120137,120138],{},"new list",[32,120140,120141,120142,120144],{},"does ",[42,120143,5334],{}," change the original data",[32,120146,120147],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,120149,51607],{},[29,120151,120152,120154,120156,120158,120160],{},[32,120153,6000],{},[32,120155,6003],{},[32,120157,6009],{},[32,120159,6006],{},[32,120161,36599],{},[377,120163,35766,120165,120167],{"id":120164},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,120166,74902],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[60,120169,120171],{"className":62,"code":120170,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,120172,120173,120193,120197,120211,120215,120233],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,120174,120175,120177,120179,120181,120183,120185,120187,120189,120191],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,120176,76],{"class":75},[69,120178,80],{"class":79},[69,120180,84],{"class":83},[69,120182,346],{"class":87},[69,120184,91],{"class":83},[69,120186,1263],{"class":87},[69,120188,91],{"class":83},[69,120190,94],{"class":87},[69,120192,117],{"class":83},[69,120194,120195],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,120196,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,120198,120199,120201,120203,120205,120207,120209],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,120200,123],{"class":75},[69,120202,80],{"class":79},[69,120204,75036],{"class":128},[69,120206,132],{"class":83},[69,120208,4366],{"class":146},[69,120210,166],{"class":83},[69,120212,120213],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,120214,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,120216,120217,120219,120221,120223,120225,120227,120229,120231],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,120218,172],{"class":128},[69,120220,132],{"class":83},[69,120222,871],{"class":699},[69,120224,12845],{"class":703},[69,120226,871],{"class":699},[69,120228,91],{"class":83},[69,120230,163],{"class":146},[69,120232,166],{"class":83},[69,120234,120235,120237,120239,120241,120244,120246,120248,120250],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,120236,172],{"class":128},[69,120238,132],{"class":83},[69,120240,871],{"class":699},[69,120242,120243],{"class":703},"sorted result:",[69,120245,871],{"class":699},[69,120247,91],{"class":83},[69,120249,81695],{"class":146},[69,120251,166],{"class":83},[20,120253,120254],{},[42,120255,321],{},[60,120257,120259],{"className":62,"code":120258,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,120260,120261,120281],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,120262,120263,120265,120267,120269,120271,120273,120275,120277,120279],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,120264,12824],{"class":75},[69,120266,143],{"class":83},[69,120268,84],{"class":83},[69,120270,346],{"class":87},[69,120272,91],{"class":83},[69,120274,1263],{"class":87},[69,120276,91],{"class":83},[69,120278,94],{"class":87},[69,120280,117],{"class":83},[69,120282,120283,120285,120287,120289,120291,120293,120295,120297,120299,120301],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,120284,74992],{"class":128},[69,120286,81695],{"class":75},[69,120288,143],{"class":83},[69,120290,84],{"class":83},[69,120292,88],{"class":87},[69,120294,91],{"class":83},[69,120296,94],{"class":87},[69,120298,91],{"class":83},[69,120300,99],{"class":87},[69,120302,117],{"class":83},[20,120304,120305,120306,120308],{},"The important part is that ",[15,120307,4366],{}," stays the same.",[20,120310,120311,120312,537],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[533,120313,13,120314,2515],{"href":74999},[15,120315,74902],{},[55,120317,202,120318,205],{"id":78411},[15,120319,78345],{},[20,120321,120322,120324],{},[15,120323,64789],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,120326,49400],{},[29,120328,120329,120332,120335],{},[32,120330,120331],{},"changes the original list directly",[32,120333,120334],{},"only works on lists",[32,120336,4407,120337],{},[15,120338,1181],{},[377,120340,35766,120342,74440],{"id":120341},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,120343,78345],{},[60,120345,120347],{"className":62,"code":120346,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120348,120349,120369,120373,120383,120387],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,120350,120351,120353,120355,120357,120359,120361,120363,120365,120367],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,120352,76],{"class":75},[69,120354,80],{"class":79},[69,120356,84],{"class":83},[69,120358,346],{"class":87},[69,120360,91],{"class":83},[69,120362,1263],{"class":87},[69,120364,91],{"class":83},[69,120366,94],{"class":87},[69,120368,117],{"class":83},[69,120370,120371],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,120372,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,120374,120375,120377,120379,120381],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,120376,4366],{"class":75},[69,120378,537],{"class":83},[69,120380,35490],{"class":146},[69,120382,9329],{"class":83},[69,120384,120385],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,120386,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,120388,120389,120391,120393,120395],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,120390,172],{"class":128},[69,120392,132],{"class":83},[69,120394,4366],{"class":146},[69,120396,166],{"class":83},[20,120398,120399],{},[42,120400,321],{},[60,120402,120403],{"className":62,"code":55625,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,120404,120405],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,120406,120407,120409,120411,120413,120415,120417,120419],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,120408,331],{"class":83},[69,120410,88],{"class":87},[69,120412,91],{"class":83},[69,120414,94],{"class":87},[69,120416,91],{"class":83},[69,120418,99],{"class":87},[69,120420,117],{"class":83},[20,120422,120423,120424,120427],{},"After calling ",[15,120425,120426],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,120429,120430,120431,537],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[533,120432,13,120433,11428],{"href":75253},[15,120434,78345],{},[55,120436,120438],{"id":120437},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,120440,120441],{},"Here is the core difference:",[29,120443,120444,120453],{},[32,120445,120446,120449,120450],{},[15,120447,120448],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[42,120451,120452],{},"new sorted list",[32,120454,120455,120458,120459,74810],{},[15,120456,120457],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,120460,9026],{},[377,120462,120464],{"id":120463},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[60,120466,120468],{"className":62,"code":120467,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,120469,120470,120490,120494,120508,120527,120546,120550,120560],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,120471,120472,120474,120476,120478,120480,120482,120484,120486,120488],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,120473,76],{"class":75},[69,120475,80],{"class":79},[69,120477,84],{"class":83},[69,120479,2866],{"class":87},[69,120481,91],{"class":83},[69,120483,94],{"class":87},[69,120485,91],{"class":83},[69,120487,104],{"class":87},[69,120489,117],{"class":83},[69,120491,120492],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,120493,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,120495,120496,120498,120500,120502,120504,120506],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,120497,3280],{"class":75},[69,120499,80],{"class":79},[69,120501,75036],{"class":128},[69,120503,132],{"class":83},[69,120505,4366],{"class":146},[69,120507,166],{"class":83},[69,120509,120510,120512,120514,120516,120519,120521,120523,120525],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,120511,172],{"class":128},[69,120513,132],{"class":83},[69,120515,871],{"class":699},[69,120517,120518],{"class":703},"numbers after sorted():",[69,120520,871],{"class":699},[69,120522,91],{"class":83},[69,120524,163],{"class":146},[69,120526,166],{"class":83},[69,120528,120529,120531,120533,120535,120538,120540,120542,120544],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,120530,172],{"class":128},[69,120532,132],{"class":83},[69,120534,871],{"class":699},[69,120536,120537],{"class":703},"a:",[69,120539,871],{"class":699},[69,120541,91],{"class":83},[69,120543,57363],{"class":146},[69,120545,166],{"class":83},[69,120547,120548],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,120549,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,120551,120552,120554,120556,120558],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,120553,4366],{"class":75},[69,120555,537],{"class":83},[69,120557,35490],{"class":146},[69,120559,9329],{"class":83},[69,120561,120562,120564,120566,120568,120571,120573,120575,120577],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,120563,172],{"class":128},[69,120565,132],{"class":83},[69,120567,871],{"class":699},[69,120569,120570],{"class":703},"numbers after sort():",[69,120572,871],{"class":699},[69,120574,91],{"class":83},[69,120576,163],{"class":146},[69,120578,166],{"class":83},[20,120580,120581],{},[42,120582,321],{},[60,120584,120586],{"className":62,"code":120585,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120587,120588,120611,120631],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,120589,120590,120593,120595,120597,120599,120601,120603,120605,120607,120609],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,120591,120592],{"class":75},"numbers after ",[69,120594,74992],{"class":128},[69,120596,30272],{"class":83},[69,120598,84],{"class":83},[69,120600,2866],{"class":87},[69,120602,91],{"class":83},[69,120604,94],{"class":87},[69,120606,91],{"class":83},[69,120608,104],{"class":87},[69,120610,117],{"class":83},[69,120612,120613,120615,120617,120619,120621,120623,120625,120627,120629],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,120614,533],{"class":75},[69,120616,143],{"class":83},[69,120618,84],{"class":83},[69,120620,1155],{"class":87},[69,120622,91],{"class":83},[69,120624,104],{"class":87},[69,120626,91],{"class":83},[69,120628,109],{"class":87},[69,120630,117],{"class":83},[69,120632,120633,120635,120637,120639,120641,120643,120645,120647,120649,120651],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,120634,120592],{"class":75},[69,120636,35490],{"class":146},[69,120638,30272],{"class":83},[69,120640,84],{"class":83},[69,120642,1155],{"class":87},[69,120644,91],{"class":83},[69,120646,104],{"class":87},[69,120648,91],{"class":83},[69,120650,109],{"class":87},[69,120652,117],{"class":83},[20,120654,11400],{},[29,120656,120657,120662],{},[32,120658,120659,120661],{},[15,120660,74902],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[32,120663,120664,120666],{},[15,120665,64789],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[55,120668,1373,120670],{"id":120669},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120671,74902],{},[20,120673,1378,120674,11288],{},[15,120675,74902],{},[29,120677,120678,120681,120683,120686],{},[32,120679,120680],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[32,120682,119450],{},[32,120684,120685],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[32,120687,120688],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[377,120690,120692],{"id":120691},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[60,120694,120696],{"className":62,"code":120695,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120697,120698,120722,120726,120740,120744,120754],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,120699,120700,120702,120704,120706,120708,120710,120712,120714,120716,120718,120720],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,120701,76],{"class":75},[69,120703,80],{"class":79},[69,120705,441],{"class":83},[69,120707,334],{"class":87},[69,120709,91],{"class":83},[69,120711,1263],{"class":87},[69,120713,91],{"class":83},[69,120715,99],{"class":87},[69,120717,91],{"class":83},[69,120719,94],{"class":87},[69,120721,166],{"class":83},[69,120723,120724],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,120725,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,120727,120728,120730,120732,120734,120736,120738],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,120729,123],{"class":75},[69,120731,80],{"class":79},[69,120733,75036],{"class":128},[69,120735,132],{"class":83},[69,120737,4366],{"class":146},[69,120739,166],{"class":83},[69,120741,120742],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,120743,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,120745,120746,120748,120750,120752],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,120747,172],{"class":128},[69,120749,132],{"class":83},[69,120751,183],{"class":146},[69,120753,166],{"class":83},[69,120755,120756,120758,120760,120762,120764,120766],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,120757,172],{"class":128},[69,120759,132],{"class":83},[69,120761,641],{"class":177},[69,120763,132],{"class":83},[69,120765,183],{"class":146},[69,120767,318],{"class":83},[20,120769,120770],{},[42,120771,321],{},[60,120773,120775],{"className":62,"code":120774,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120776,120777,120797],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,120778,120779,120781,120783,120785,120787,120789,120791,120793,120795],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,120780,331],{"class":83},[69,120782,88],{"class":87},[69,120784,91],{"class":83},[69,120786,94],{"class":87},[69,120788,91],{"class":83},[69,120790,99],{"class":87},[69,120792,91],{"class":83},[69,120794,104],{"class":87},[69,120796,117],{"class":83},[69,120798,120799,120801,120803,120805,120807,120809],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,120800,674],{"class":79},[69,120802,696],{"class":135},[69,120804,700],{"class":699},[69,120806,178],{"class":703},[69,120808,706],{"class":699},[69,120810,689],{"class":79},[20,120812,3013,120813,120815,120816,537],{},[15,120814,74902],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[42,120817,178],{},[20,120819,120820,120821,120823],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[533,120822,53246],{"href":51453}," is a helpful next step.",[55,120825,1373,120827],{"id":120826},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120828,78345],{},[20,120830,1378,120831,11288],{},[15,120832,78345],{},[29,120834,120835,120838,120841,120844],{},[32,120836,120837],{},"you already have a list",[32,120839,120840],{},"you want to update that list directly",[32,120842,120843],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[32,120845,120846],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[377,120848,120850],{"id":120849},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[60,120852,120854],{"className":62,"code":120853,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120855,120856,120888,120892,120902,120906],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,120857,120858,120860,120862,120864,120866,120868,120870,120872,120874,120876,120878,120880,120882,120884,120886],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,120859,5699],{"class":75},[69,120861,80],{"class":79},[69,120863,84],{"class":83},[69,120865,871],{"class":699},[69,120867,5726],{"class":703},[69,120869,871],{"class":699},[69,120871,91],{"class":83},[69,120873,881],{"class":699},[69,120875,5708],{"class":703},[69,120877,871],{"class":699},[69,120879,91],{"class":83},[69,120881,881],{"class":699},[69,120883,5717],{"class":703},[69,120885,871],{"class":699},[69,120887,117],{"class":83},[69,120889,120890],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,120891,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,120893,120894,120896,120898,120900],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,120895,5743],{"class":75},[69,120897,537],{"class":83},[69,120899,35490],{"class":146},[69,120901,9329],{"class":83},[69,120903,120904],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,120905,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,120907,120908,120910,120912,120914],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,120909,172],{"class":128},[69,120911,132],{"class":83},[69,120913,5743],{"class":146},[69,120915,166],{"class":83},[20,120917,120918],{},[42,120919,321],{},[60,120921,120923],{"className":62,"code":120922,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120924,120925],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,120926,120927,120929,120931,120933,120935,120937,120939,120941,120943,120945,120947,120949,120951],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,120928,331],{"class":83},[69,120930,706],{"class":699},[69,120932,5708],{"class":703},[69,120934,706],{"class":699},[69,120936,91],{"class":83},[69,120938,700],{"class":699},[69,120940,5717],{"class":703},[69,120942,706],{"class":699},[69,120944,91],{"class":83},[69,120946,700],{"class":699},[69,120948,5726],{"class":703},[69,120950,706],{"class":699},[69,120952,117],{"class":83},[20,120954,120955],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120957,120958,120959,537],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[533,120960,80351],{"href":78854},[55,120962,120964,5096,120966,120968],{"id":120963},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120965,74055],{},[15,120967,15533],{}," work with both",[20,120970,11277,120971,5096,120973,120975],{},[15,120972,74902],{},[15,120974,78345],{}," support:",[29,120977,120978,120983],{},[32,120979,120980,120982],{},[15,120981,78569],{}," for descending order",[32,120984,120985,120988],{},[15,120986,120987],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120990,120991],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[377,120993,120995],{"id":120994},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[60,120997,120999],{"className":62,"code":120998,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121000,121001,121021,121025,121047,121051,121069],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,121002,121003,121005,121007,121009,121011,121013,121015,121017,121019],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,121004,76],{"class":75},[69,121006,80],{"class":79},[69,121008,84],{"class":83},[69,121010,346],{"class":87},[69,121012,91],{"class":83},[69,121014,1263],{"class":87},[69,121016,91],{"class":83},[69,121018,94],{"class":87},[69,121020,117],{"class":83},[69,121022,121023],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,121024,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,121026,121027,121029,121031,121033,121035,121037,121039,121041,121043,121045],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,121028,172],{"class":128},[69,121030,132],{"class":83},[69,121032,74992],{"class":128},[69,121034,132],{"class":83},[69,121036,4366],{"class":146},[69,121038,91],{"class":83},[69,121040,78548],{"class":9862},[69,121042,80],{"class":79},[69,121044,224],{"class":1203},[69,121046,318],{"class":83},[69,121048,121049],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,121050,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,121052,121053,121055,121057,121059,121061,121063,121065,121067],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,121054,4366],{"class":75},[69,121056,537],{"class":83},[69,121058,35490],{"class":146},[69,121060,132],{"class":83},[69,121062,74055],{"class":9862},[69,121064,80],{"class":79},[69,121066,224],{"class":1203},[69,121068,166],{"class":83},[69,121070,121071,121073,121075,121077],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,121072,172],{"class":128},[69,121074,132],{"class":83},[69,121076,4366],{"class":146},[69,121078,166],{"class":83},[20,121080,121081],{},[42,121082,321],{},[60,121084,121086],{"className":62,"code":121085,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,121087,121088,121104],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,121089,121090,121092,121094,121096,121098,121100,121102],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,121091,331],{"class":83},[69,121093,346],{"class":87},[69,121095,91],{"class":83},[69,121097,94],{"class":87},[69,121099,91],{"class":83},[69,121101,1263],{"class":87},[69,121103,117],{"class":83},[69,121105,121106,121108,121110,121112,121114,121116,121118],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,121107,331],{"class":83},[69,121109,346],{"class":87},[69,121111,91],{"class":83},[69,121113,94],{"class":87},[69,121115,91],{"class":83},[69,121117,1263],{"class":87},[69,121119,117],{"class":83},[377,121121,121123],{"id":121122},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[60,121125,121127],{"className":62,"code":121126,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,121128,121129,121161,121165,121191,121195,121217],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,121130,121131,121133,121135,121137,121139,121141,121143,121145,121147,121149,121151,121153,121155,121157,121159],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,121132,864],{"class":75},[69,121134,80],{"class":79},[69,121136,84],{"class":83},[69,121138,871],{"class":699},[69,121140,83841],{"class":703},[69,121142,871],{"class":699},[69,121144,91],{"class":83},[69,121146,881],{"class":699},[69,121148,874],{"class":703},[69,121150,871],{"class":699},[69,121152,91],{"class":83},[69,121154,881],{"class":699},[69,121156,119315],{"class":703},[69,121158,871],{"class":699},[69,121160,117],{"class":83},[69,121162,121163],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,121164,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,121166,121167,121169,121171,121173,121175,121177,121179,121181,121183,121185,121187,121189],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,121168,172],{"class":128},[69,121170,132],{"class":83},[69,121172,74992],{"class":128},[69,121174,132],{"class":83},[69,121176,4817],{"class":146},[69,121178,91],{"class":83},[69,121180,22269],{"class":9862},[69,121182,80],{"class":79},[69,121184,4164],{"class":177},[69,121186,537],{"class":83},[69,121188,9326],{"class":25438},[69,121190,318],{"class":83},[69,121192,121193],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,121194,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,121196,121197,121199,121201,121203,121205,121207,121209,121211,121213,121215],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,121198,4817],{"class":75},[69,121200,537],{"class":83},[69,121202,35490],{"class":146},[69,121204,132],{"class":83},[69,121206,15533],{"class":9862},[69,121208,80],{"class":79},[69,121210,4164],{"class":177},[69,121212,537],{"class":83},[69,121214,9326],{"class":25438},[69,121216,166],{"class":83},[69,121218,121219,121221,121223,121225],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,121220,172],{"class":128},[69,121222,132],{"class":83},[69,121224,4817],{"class":146},[69,121226,166],{"class":83},[20,121228,121229],{},[42,121230,321],{},[60,121232,121234],{"className":62,"code":121233,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,121235,121236,121264],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,121237,121238,121240,121242,121244,121246,121248,121250,121252,121254,121256,121258,121260,121262],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,121239,331],{"class":83},[69,121241,706],{"class":699},[69,121243,874],{"class":703},[69,121245,706],{"class":699},[69,121247,91],{"class":83},[69,121249,700],{"class":699},[69,121251,83841],{"class":703},[69,121253,706],{"class":699},[69,121255,91],{"class":83},[69,121257,700],{"class":699},[69,121259,119315],{"class":703},[69,121261,706],{"class":699},[69,121263,117],{"class":83},[69,121265,121266,121268,121270,121272,121274,121276,121278,121280,121282,121284,121286,121288,121290],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,121267,331],{"class":83},[69,121269,706],{"class":699},[69,121271,874],{"class":703},[69,121273,706],{"class":699},[69,121275,91],{"class":83},[69,121277,700],{"class":699},[69,121279,83841],{"class":703},[69,121281,706],{"class":699},[69,121283,91],{"class":83},[69,121285,700],{"class":699},[69,121287,119315],{"class":703},[69,121289,706],{"class":699},[69,121291,117],{"class":83},[20,121293,840,121294,121296],{},[15,121295,79063],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,121298,121299,121300,537],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[533,121301,121303],{"href":121302},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[55,121305,121307],{"id":121306},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,121309,121310],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[377,121312,121314,121315,13289],{"id":121313},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,121316,78345],{},[20,121318,121319],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[60,121321,121323],{"className":62,"code":121322,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121324,121325,121345,121349,121363,121367,121377],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,121326,121327,121329,121331,121333,121335,121337,121339,121341,121343],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,121328,76],{"class":75},[69,121330,80],{"class":79},[69,121332,84],{"class":83},[69,121334,346],{"class":87},[69,121336,91],{"class":83},[69,121338,1263],{"class":87},[69,121340,91],{"class":83},[69,121342,94],{"class":87},[69,121344,117],{"class":83},[69,121346,121347],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,121348,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,121350,121351,121353,121355,121357,121359,121361],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,121352,123],{"class":75},[69,121354,80],{"class":79},[69,121356,163],{"class":75},[69,121358,537],{"class":83},[69,121360,35490],{"class":146},[69,121362,9329],{"class":83},[69,121364,121365],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,121366,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,121368,121369,121371,121373,121375],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,121370,172],{"class":128},[69,121372,132],{"class":83},[69,121374,183],{"class":146},[69,121376,166],{"class":83},[69,121378,121379,121381,121383,121385],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,121380,172],{"class":128},[69,121382,132],{"class":83},[69,121384,4366],{"class":146},[69,121386,166],{"class":83},[20,121388,121389],{},[42,121390,321],{},[60,121392,121393],{"className":62,"code":79686,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,121394,121395,121399],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,121396,121397],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,121398,12499],{"class":1203},[69,121400,121401,121403,121405,121407,121409,121411,121413],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,121402,331],{"class":83},[69,121404,88],{"class":87},[69,121406,91],{"class":83},[69,121408,94],{"class":87},[69,121410,91],{"class":83},[69,121412,99],{"class":87},[69,121414,117],{"class":83},[20,121416,12591],{},[29,121418,121419,121424,121429],{},[32,121420,121421,121423],{},[15,121422,120426],{}," sorts the list in place",[32,121425,35703,121426,121428],{},[42,121427,5334],{}," return the sorted list",[32,121430,90465,121431,42625,121433],{},[15,121432,183],{},[15,121434,1181],{},[377,121436,121438,121439,121441],{"id":121437},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,121440,74902],{}," to change the original list",[60,121443,121445],{"className":62,"code":121444,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121446,121447,121467,121471,121481,121485],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,121448,121449,121451,121453,121455,121457,121459,121461,121463,121465],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,121450,76],{"class":75},[69,121452,80],{"class":79},[69,121454,84],{"class":83},[69,121456,346],{"class":87},[69,121458,91],{"class":83},[69,121460,1263],{"class":87},[69,121462,91],{"class":83},[69,121464,94],{"class":87},[69,121466,117],{"class":83},[69,121468,121469],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,121470,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,121472,121473,121475,121477,121479],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,121474,74992],{"class":128},[69,121476,132],{"class":83},[69,121478,4366],{"class":146},[69,121480,166],{"class":83},[69,121482,121483],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,121484,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,121486,121487,121489,121491,121493],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,121488,172],{"class":128},[69,121490,132],{"class":83},[69,121492,4366],{"class":146},[69,121494,166],{"class":83},[20,121496,121497],{},[42,121498,321],{},[60,121500,121501],{"className":62,"code":119647,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,121502,121503],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,121504,121505,121507,121509,121511,121513,121515,121517],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,121506,331],{"class":83},[69,121508,346],{"class":87},[69,121510,91],{"class":83},[69,121512,1263],{"class":87},[69,121514,91],{"class":83},[69,121516,94],{"class":87},[69,121518,117],{"class":83},[20,121520,121521,121524],{},[15,121522,121523],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,121526,11495],{},[60,121528,121530],{"className":62,"code":121529,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,121531,121532,121552,121556,121570,121574],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,121533,121534,121536,121538,121540,121542,121544,121546,121548,121550],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,121535,76],{"class":75},[69,121537,80],{"class":79},[69,121539,84],{"class":83},[69,121541,346],{"class":87},[69,121543,91],{"class":83},[69,121545,1263],{"class":87},[69,121547,91],{"class":83},[69,121549,94],{"class":87},[69,121551,117],{"class":83},[69,121553,121554],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,121555,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,121557,121558,121560,121562,121564,121566,121568],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,121559,56117],{"class":75},[69,121561,80],{"class":79},[69,121563,75036],{"class":128},[69,121565,132],{"class":83},[69,121567,4366],{"class":146},[69,121569,166],{"class":83},[69,121571,121572],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,121573,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,121575,121576,121578,121580,121582],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,121577,172],{"class":128},[69,121579,132],{"class":83},[69,121581,56136],{"class":146},[69,121583,166],{"class":83},[377,121585,121587,121588,121590],{"id":121586},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121589,64789],{}," on a tuple or string",[60,121592,121593],{"className":62,"code":79788,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,121594,121595,121607],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,121596,121597,121599,121601,121603,121605],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,121598,35378],{"class":75},[69,121600,80],{"class":79},[69,121602,881],{"class":699},[69,121604,64],{"class":703},[69,121606,4079],{"class":699},[69,121608,121609,121611,121613,121615],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,121610,35399],{"class":75},[69,121612,537],{"class":83},[69,121614,35490],{"class":146},[69,121616,9329],{"class":83},[20,121618,121619,121620,34291],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121621,64789],{},[20,121623,121624,121626],{},[15,121625,64789],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121628,121629,121630,121632,121633,537],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121631,74902],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[533,121634,536],{"href":535},[377,121636,121638,121639,119684],{"id":121637},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121640,74902],{},[60,121642,121644],{"className":62,"code":121643,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121645,121646,121659,121673,121677,121687],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,121647,121648,121650,121652,121654,121657],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,121649,35378],{"class":75},[69,121651,80],{"class":79},[69,121653,881],{"class":699},[69,121655,121656],{"class":703},"cab",[69,121658,4079],{"class":699},[69,121660,121661,121663,121665,121667,121669,121671],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,121662,123],{"class":75},[69,121664,80],{"class":79},[69,121666,75036],{"class":128},[69,121668,132],{"class":83},[69,121670,35399],{"class":146},[69,121672,166],{"class":83},[69,121674,121675],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,121676,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,121678,121679,121681,121683,121685],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,121680,172],{"class":128},[69,121682,132],{"class":83},[69,121684,183],{"class":146},[69,121686,166],{"class":83},[69,121688,121689,121691,121693,121695,121697,121699],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,121690,172],{"class":128},[69,121692,132],{"class":83},[69,121694,641],{"class":177},[69,121696,132],{"class":83},[69,121698,183],{"class":146},[69,121700,318],{"class":83},[20,121702,121703],{},[42,121704,321],{},[60,121706,121708],{"className":62,"code":121707,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121709,121710,121738],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,121711,121712,121714,121716,121718,121720,121722,121724,121726,121728,121730,121732,121734,121736],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,121713,331],{"class":83},[69,121715,706],{"class":699},[69,121717,533],{"class":703},[69,121719,706],{"class":699},[69,121721,91],{"class":83},[69,121723,700],{"class":699},[69,121725,5465],{"class":703},[69,121727,706],{"class":699},[69,121729,91],{"class":83},[69,121731,700],{"class":699},[69,121733,10425],{"class":703},[69,121735,706],{"class":699},[69,121737,117],{"class":83},[69,121739,121740,121742,121744,121746,121748,121750],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,121741,674],{"class":79},[69,121743,696],{"class":135},[69,121745,700],{"class":699},[69,121747,178],{"class":703},[69,121749,706],{"class":699},[69,121751,689],{"class":79},[20,121753,121754],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[55,121756,114205],{"id":114204},[20,121758,121759],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[29,121761,121762,121765,121770,121775,121781],{},[32,121763,121764],{},"confusing a function with a method",[32,121766,121767,121768,54119],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121769,64789],{},[32,121771,121772,121773,13289],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121774,78345],{},[32,121776,121777,121778,121780],{},"trying to use ",[15,121779,64789],{}," on non-list data types",[32,121782,50979,121783,121785],{},[15,121784,74902],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121787,121788],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[60,121790,121792],{"className":62,"code":121791,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121793,121794,121804,121818,121843,121858,121868],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,121795,121796,121798,121800,121802],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,121797,172],{"class":128},[69,121799,132],{"class":83},[69,121801,9026],{"class":146},[69,121803,166],{"class":83},[69,121805,121806,121808,121810,121812,121814,121816],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,121807,172],{"class":128},[69,121809,132],{"class":83},[69,121811,74992],{"class":128},[69,121813,132],{"class":83},[69,121815,9026],{"class":146},[69,121817,318],{"class":83},[69,121819,121820,121822,121824,121826,121828,121830,121832,121835,121837,121839,121841],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,121821,123],{"class":75},[69,121823,80],{"class":79},[69,121825,9082],{"class":75},[69,121827,537],{"class":83},[69,121829,35490],{"class":146},[69,121831,8053],{"class":83},[69,121833,121834],{"class":75},"; ",[69,121836,172],{"class":128},[69,121838,132],{"class":83},[69,121840,183],{"class":146},[69,121842,166],{"class":83},[69,121844,121845,121847,121849,121851,121853,121856],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,121846,172],{"class":128},[69,121848,132],{"class":83},[69,121850,641],{"class":177},[69,121852,132],{"class":83},[69,121854,121855],{"class":146},"my_data",[69,121857,318],{"class":83},[69,121859,121860,121862,121864,121866],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,121861,32842],{"class":128},[69,121863,132],{"class":83},[69,121865,74992],{"class":128},[69,121867,166],{"class":83},[69,121869,121870,121872,121874,121876,121878,121880],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,121871,32842],{"class":128},[69,121873,132],{"class":83},[69,121875,178],{"class":177},[69,121877,537],{"class":83},[69,121879,35490],{"class":25438},[69,121881,166],{"class":83},[20,121883,84851],{},[29,121885,121886,121889,121893,121901],{},[32,121887,121888],{},"whether your original list changed",[32,121890,26707,121891,12396],{},[15,121892,74902],{},[32,121894,121895,121896,121898,121899],{},"whether ",[15,121897,64789],{}," returned ",[15,121900,1181],{},[32,121902,121903],{},"what type of object you are working with",[55,121905,121907],{"id":121906},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121909,121910],{},"Use this rule:",[29,121912,121913,121921],{},[32,121914,121915,121916,121918,121919],{},"Need a ",[42,121917,120009],{},": use ",[15,121920,74902],{},[32,121922,121923,121924,121918,121927],{},"Need to ",[42,121925,121926],{},"change one list directly",[15,121928,78345],{},[20,121930,121931,121932,121934],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121933,74902],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[55,121936,2519],{"id":2518},[377,121938,121940,121941,394,121943,3218],{"id":121939},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121942,74902],{},[15,121944,78345],{},[20,121946,121947,121949],{},[15,121948,74902],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[377,121951,5859,121953,5862,121955,3218],{"id":121952},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121954,78345],{},[15,121956,1181],{},[20,121958,121959],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[377,121961,5871,121963,121965],{"id":121962},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121964,74902],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121967,121968],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[377,121970,2551,121972,121974],{"id":121971},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121973,64789],{}," on a string?",[20,121976,46837,121977,121979,121980,2532],{},[15,121978,64789],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121981,121982],{},"sorted(string)",[377,121984,12510,121986,5096,121988,121990],{"id":121985},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121987,74902],{},[15,121989,64789],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121992,121993,121994,537],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121995,78569],{},[55,121997,2620],{"id":2619},[29,121999,122000,122006,122012,122016,122020],{},[32,122001,122002],{},[533,122003,13,122004,2515],{"href":74999},[15,122005,74902],{},[32,122007,122008],{},[533,122009,13,122010,11428],{"href":75253},[15,122011,78345],{},[32,122013,122014],{},[533,122015,80351],{"href":78854},[32,122017,122018],{},[533,122019,121303],{"href":121302},[32,122021,122022],{},[533,122023,53246],{"href":51453},[2650,122025,122026],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":122028},[122029,122030,122031,122035,122039,122042,122046,122050,122055,122065,122066,122067,122079],{"id":4326,"depth":120,"text":4327},{"id":120097,"depth":120,"text":120098},{"id":118200,"depth":120,"text":119922,"children":122032},[122033],{"id":120164,"depth":169,"text":122034},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78411,"depth":120,"text":80373,"children":122036},[122037],{"id":120341,"depth":169,"text":122038},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":120437,"depth":120,"text":120438,"children":122040},[122041],{"id":120463,"depth":169,"text":120464},{"id":120669,"depth":120,"text":122043,"children":122044},"When to use sorted()",[122045],{"id":120691,"depth":169,"text":120692},{"id":120826,"depth":120,"text":122047,"children":122048},"When to use list.sort()",[122049],{"id":120849,"depth":169,"text":120850},{"id":120963,"depth":120,"text":122051,"children":122052},"reverse and key work with both",[122053,122054],{"id":120994,"depth":169,"text":120995},{"id":121122,"depth":169,"text":121123},{"id":121306,"depth":120,"text":121307,"children":122056},[122057,122059,122061,122063],{"id":121313,"depth":169,"text":122058},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":121437,"depth":169,"text":122060},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121586,"depth":169,"text":122062},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121637,"depth":169,"text":122064},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":114204,"depth":120,"text":114205},{"id":121906,"depth":120,"text":121907},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":122068},[122069,122071,122073,122075,122077],{"id":121939,"depth":169,"text":122070},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121952,"depth":169,"text":122072},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121962,"depth":169,"text":122074},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121971,"depth":169,"text":122076},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121985,"depth":169,"text":122078},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119968,"description":122080},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":122086,"title":42646,"body":122087,"description":123819,"extension":2697,"meta":123820,"navigation":272,"path":123821,"seo":123822,"stem":123823,"__hash__":123824},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":122088,"toc":123776},[122089,122094,122099,122105,122107,122162,122166,122189,122194,122199,122204,122206,122237,122240,122254,122256,122258,122273,122278,122282,122285,122336,122340,122354,122361,122365,122369,122424,122428,122451,122455,122511,122515,122538,122542,122597,122601,122624,122628,122695,122699,122734,122740,122745,122750,122752,122766,122768,122842,122846,122866,122871,122878,122881,122893,122895,122964,122968,123005,123008,123033,123040,123049,123052,123064,123070,123076,123078,123084,123089,123168,123172,123213,123217,123219,123246,123249,123272,123275,123281,123284,123321,123333,123340,123342,123393,123396,123428,123431,123433,123440,123442,123457,123459,123516,123520,123544,123546,123551,123567,123574,123578,123581,123664,123674,123676,123681,123684,123690,123693,123699,123702,123708,123711,123718,123726,123728,123773],[10,122090,13,122092,18],{"id":122091},"python-str-function-explained",[15,122093,48156],{},[20,122095,33007,122096,122098],{},[15,122097,48156],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,122100,122101,122102,122104],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,122103,48156],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[55,122106,58],{"id":57},[60,122108,122110],{"className":62,"code":122109,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122111,122112,122120,122134,122138,122148],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122113,122114,122116,122118],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122115,22318],{"class":75},[69,122117,80],{"class":79},[69,122119,45697],{"class":87},[69,122121,122122,122124,122126,122128,122130,122132],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,122123,35378],{"class":75},[69,122125,80],{"class":79},[69,122127,49377],{"class":177},[69,122129,132],{"class":83},[69,122131,9985],{"class":146},[69,122133,166],{"class":83},[69,122135,122136],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,122137,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,122139,122140,122142,122144,122146],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,122141,172],{"class":128},[69,122143,132],{"class":83},[69,122145,35399],{"class":146},[69,122147,166],{"class":83},[69,122149,122150,122152,122154,122156,122158,122160],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,122151,172],{"class":128},[69,122153,132],{"class":83},[69,122155,641],{"class":177},[69,122157,132],{"class":83},[69,122159,35399],{"class":146},[69,122161,318],{"class":83},[20,122163,122164],{},[42,122165,321],{},[60,122167,122169],{"className":62,"code":122168,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122170,122171,122175],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122172,122173],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122174,3435],{"class":87},[69,122176,122177,122179,122181,122183,122185,122187],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,122178,674],{"class":79},[69,122180,696],{"class":135},[69,122182,700],{"class":699},[69,122184,4164],{"class":703},[69,122186,706],{"class":699},[69,122188,689],{"class":79},[20,122190,1378,122191,122193],{},[15,122192,48156],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[55,122195,202,122197,205],{"id":122196},"what-str-does",[15,122198,48156],{},[20,122200,122201,122203],{},[15,122202,48156],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,122205,213],{},[29,122207,122208,122215,122222,122229],{},[32,122209,122210,122211,42625,122213],{},"An integer like ",[15,122212,444],{},[15,122214,42596],{},[32,122216,122217,122218,42625,122220],{},"A float like ",[15,122219,40612],{},[15,122221,48567],{},[32,122223,122224,122225,42625,122227],{},"A boolean like ",[15,122226,224],{},[15,122228,7329],{},[32,122230,122231,122232,42625,122234],{},"A list like ",[15,122233,75724],{},[15,122235,122236],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,122238,122239],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[29,122241,122242,122245,122248,122251],{},[32,122243,122244],{},"print it",[32,122246,122247],{},"combine it with other strings",[32,122249,122250],{},"save it to a file",[32,122252,122253],{},"use it in messages",[55,122255,2888],{"id":2887},[20,122257,7906],{},[60,122259,122261],{"className":62,"code":122260,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"str(object)\n",[15,122262,122263],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122264,122265,122267,122269,122271],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122266,4164],{"class":177},[69,122268,132],{"class":83},[69,122270,42869],{"class":177},[69,122272,166],{"class":83},[20,122274,1168,122275,122277],{},[15,122276,42869],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,122279,122280,8912],{},[15,122281,48156],{},[20,122283,122284],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[60,122286,122288],{"className":62,"code":122287,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,122289,122290,122299,122322,122326],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122291,122292,122294,122296],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122293,5800],{"class":75},[69,122295,80],{"class":79},[69,122297,122298],{"class":87}," 100\n",[69,122300,122301,122303,122305,122307,122310,122312,122314,122316,122318,122320],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,122302,90485],{"class":75},[69,122304,80],{"class":79},[69,122306,881],{"class":699},[69,122308,122309],{"class":703},"Your score is ",[69,122311,871],{"class":699},[69,122313,3180],{"class":79},[69,122315,49377],{"class":177},[69,122317,132],{"class":83},[69,122319,85998],{"class":146},[69,122321,166],{"class":83},[69,122323,122324],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,122325,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,122327,122328,122330,122332,122334],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,122329,172],{"class":128},[69,122331,132],{"class":83},[69,122333,90502],{"class":146},[69,122335,166],{"class":83},[20,122337,122338],{},[42,122339,321],{},[60,122341,122343],{"className":62,"code":122342,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Your score is 100\n",[15,122344,122345],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122346,122347,122350,122352],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122348,122349],{"class":75},"Your score ",[69,122351,12885],{"class":79},[69,122353,122298],{"class":87},[20,122355,3023,122356,122360],{},[533,122357,122358,3030],{"href":3026},[15,122359,3029],{}," can help you check.",[55,122362,122364],{"id":122363},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[377,122366,122368],{"id":122367},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[60,122370,122372],{"className":62,"code":122371,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122373,122374,122382,122396,122400,122410],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122375,122376,122378,122380],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122377,1700],{"class":75},[69,122379,80],{"class":79},[69,122381,3313],{"class":87},[69,122383,122384,122386,122388,122390,122392,122394],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,122385,35378],{"class":75},[69,122387,80],{"class":79},[69,122389,49377],{"class":177},[69,122391,132],{"class":83},[69,122393,1045],{"class":146},[69,122395,166],{"class":83},[69,122397,122398],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,122399,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,122401,122402,122404,122406,122408],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,122403,172],{"class":128},[69,122405,132],{"class":83},[69,122407,35399],{"class":146},[69,122409,166],{"class":83},[69,122411,122412,122414,122416,122418,122420,122422],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,122413,172],{"class":128},[69,122415,132],{"class":83},[69,122417,641],{"class":177},[69,122419,132],{"class":83},[69,122421,35399],{"class":146},[69,122423,318],{"class":83},[20,122425,122426],{},[42,122427,321],{},[60,122429,122431],{"className":62,"code":122430,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122432,122433,122437],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122434,122435],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122436,3103],{"class":87},[69,122438,122439,122441,122443,122445,122447,122449],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,122440,674],{"class":79},[69,122442,696],{"class":135},[69,122444,700],{"class":699},[69,122446,4164],{"class":703},[69,122448,706],{"class":699},[69,122450,689],{"class":79},[377,122452,122454],{"id":122453},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[60,122456,122458],{"className":62,"code":122457,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122459,122460,122469,122483,122487,122497],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122461,122462,122464,122466],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122463,40856],{"class":75},[69,122465,80],{"class":79},[69,122467,122468],{"class":87}," 3.14\n",[69,122470,122471,122473,122475,122477,122479,122481],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,122472,35378],{"class":75},[69,122474,80],{"class":79},[69,122476,49377],{"class":177},[69,122478,132],{"class":83},[69,122480,25837],{"class":146},[69,122482,166],{"class":83},[69,122484,122485],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,122486,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,122488,122489,122491,122493,122495],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,122490,172],{"class":128},[69,122492,132],{"class":83},[69,122494,35399],{"class":146},[69,122496,166],{"class":83},[69,122498,122499,122501,122503,122505,122507,122509],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,122500,172],{"class":128},[69,122502,132],{"class":83},[69,122504,641],{"class":177},[69,122506,132],{"class":83},[69,122508,35399],{"class":146},[69,122510,318],{"class":83},[20,122512,122513],{},[42,122514,321],{},[60,122516,122518],{"className":62,"code":122517,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122519,122520,122524],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122521,122522],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122523,40646],{"class":87},[69,122525,122526,122528,122530,122532,122534,122536],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,122527,674],{"class":79},[69,122529,696],{"class":135},[69,122531,700],{"class":699},[69,122533,4164],{"class":703},[69,122535,706],{"class":699},[69,122537,689],{"class":79},[377,122539,122541],{"id":122540},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[60,122543,122545],{"className":62,"code":122544,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122546,122547,122555,122569,122573,122583],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122548,122549,122551,122553],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122550,3173],{"class":75},[69,122552,80],{"class":79},[69,122554,7112],{"class":1203},[69,122556,122557,122559,122561,122563,122565,122567],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,122558,35378],{"class":75},[69,122560,80],{"class":79},[69,122562,49377],{"class":177},[69,122564,132],{"class":83},[69,122566,3198],{"class":146},[69,122568,166],{"class":83},[69,122570,122571],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,122572,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,122574,122575,122577,122579,122581],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,122576,172],{"class":128},[69,122578,132],{"class":83},[69,122580,35399],{"class":146},[69,122582,166],{"class":83},[69,122584,122585,122587,122589,122591,122593,122595],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,122586,172],{"class":128},[69,122588,132],{"class":83},[69,122590,641],{"class":177},[69,122592,132],{"class":83},[69,122594,35399],{"class":146},[69,122596,318],{"class":83},[20,122598,122599],{},[42,122600,321],{},[60,122602,122604],{"className":62,"code":122603,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122605,122606,122610],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122607,122608],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122609,4685],{"class":1203},[69,122611,122612,122614,122616,122618,122620,122622],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,122613,674],{"class":79},[69,122615,696],{"class":135},[69,122617,700],{"class":699},[69,122619,4164],{"class":703},[69,122621,706],{"class":699},[69,122623,689],{"class":79},[377,122625,122627],{"id":122626},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[60,122629,122631],{"className":62,"code":122630,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122632,122633,122653,122667,122671,122681],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122634,122635,122637,122639,122641,122643,122645,122647,122649,122651],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122636,1252],{"class":75},[69,122638,80],{"class":79},[69,122640,84],{"class":83},[69,122642,88],{"class":87},[69,122644,91],{"class":83},[69,122646,94],{"class":87},[69,122648,91],{"class":83},[69,122650,99],{"class":87},[69,122652,117],{"class":83},[69,122654,122655,122657,122659,122661,122663,122665],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,122656,35378],{"class":75},[69,122658,80],{"class":79},[69,122660,49377],{"class":177},[69,122662,132],{"class":83},[69,122664,8497],{"class":146},[69,122666,166],{"class":83},[69,122668,122669],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,122670,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,122672,122673,122675,122677,122679],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,122674,172],{"class":128},[69,122676,132],{"class":83},[69,122678,35399],{"class":146},[69,122680,166],{"class":83},[69,122682,122683,122685,122687,122689,122691,122693],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,122684,172],{"class":128},[69,122686,132],{"class":83},[69,122688,641],{"class":177},[69,122690,132],{"class":83},[69,122692,35399],{"class":146},[69,122694,318],{"class":83},[20,122696,122697],{},[42,122698,321],{},[60,122700,122702],{"className":62,"code":122701,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122703,122704,122720],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122705,122706,122708,122710,122712,122714,122716,122718],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122707,331],{"class":83},[69,122709,88],{"class":87},[69,122711,91],{"class":83},[69,122713,94],{"class":87},[69,122715,91],{"class":83},[69,122717,99],{"class":87},[69,122719,117],{"class":83},[69,122721,122722,122724,122726,122728,122730,122732],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,122723,674],{"class":79},[69,122725,696],{"class":135},[69,122727,700],{"class":699},[69,122729,4164],{"class":703},[69,122731,706],{"class":699},[69,122733,689],{"class":79},[20,122735,122736,122737,122739],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[42,122738,5334],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[55,122741,1373,122743],{"id":122742},"when-to-use-str",[15,122744,48156],{},[20,122746,1378,122747,122749],{},[15,122748,48156],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122751,37116],{},[29,122753,122754,122757,122760,122763],{},[32,122755,122756],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[32,122758,122759],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[32,122761,122762],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[32,122764,122765],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122767,234],{},[60,122769,122771],{"className":62,"code":122770,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122772,122773,122785,122793,122797,122832],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122774,122775,122777,122779,122781,122783],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122776,8563],{"class":75},[69,122778,80],{"class":79},[69,122780,881],{"class":699},[69,122782,12199],{"class":703},[69,122784,4079],{"class":699},[69,122786,122787,122789,122791],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,122788,22318],{"class":75},[69,122790,80],{"class":79},[69,122792,45697],{"class":87},[69,122794,122795],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,122796,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,122798,122799,122801,122803,122805,122807,122809,122811,122813,122815,122817,122819,122821,122823,122825,122827,122830],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,122800,90485],{"class":75},[69,122802,80],{"class":79},[69,122804,36658],{"class":75},[69,122806,2792],{"class":79},[69,122808,881],{"class":699},[69,122810,5488],{"class":703},[69,122812,871],{"class":699},[69,122814,3180],{"class":79},[69,122816,49377],{"class":177},[69,122818,132],{"class":83},[69,122820,9985],{"class":146},[69,122822,938],{"class":83},[69,122824,3180],{"class":79},[69,122826,881],{"class":699},[69,122828,122829],{"class":703}," years old.",[69,122831,4079],{"class":699},[69,122833,122834,122836,122838,122840],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,122835,172],{"class":128},[69,122837,132],{"class":83},[69,122839,90502],{"class":146},[69,122841,166],{"class":83},[20,122843,122844],{},[42,122845,321],{},[60,122847,122849],{"className":62,"code":122848,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122850,122851],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122852,122853,122856,122858,122860,122863],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122854,122855],{"class":75},"Maya ",[69,122857,12885],{"class":79},[69,122859,459],{"class":87},[69,122861,122862],{"class":75}," years old",[69,122864,122865],{"class":83},".\n",[20,122867,122868,122869,537],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[533,122870,90171],{"href":90170},[55,122872,122874,11272,122876],{"id":122873},"str-vs-print",[15,122875,48156],{},[15,122877,46924],{},[20,122879,122880],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[29,122882,122883,122888],{},[32,122884,122885,122887],{},[15,122886,48156],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[32,122889,122890,122892],{},[15,122891,46924],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122894,234],{},[60,122896,122898],{"className":62,"code":122897,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122899,122900,122908,122912,122926,122936,122950],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122901,122902,122904,122906],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122903,3173],{"class":75},[69,122905,80],{"class":79},[69,122907,3495],{"class":87},[69,122909,122910],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,122911,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,122913,122914,122916,122918,122920,122922,122924],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,122915,35378],{"class":75},[69,122917,80],{"class":79},[69,122919,49377],{"class":177},[69,122921,132],{"class":83},[69,122923,3198],{"class":146},[69,122925,166],{"class":83},[69,122927,122928,122930,122932,122934],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,122929,172],{"class":128},[69,122931,132],{"class":83},[69,122933,35399],{"class":146},[69,122935,166],{"class":83},[69,122937,122938,122940,122942,122944,122946,122948],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,122939,172],{"class":128},[69,122941,132],{"class":83},[69,122943,641],{"class":177},[69,122945,132],{"class":83},[69,122947,35399],{"class":146},[69,122949,318],{"class":83},[69,122951,122952,122954,122956,122958,122960,122962],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,122953,172],{"class":128},[69,122955,132],{"class":83},[69,122957,641],{"class":177},[69,122959,132],{"class":83},[69,122961,3198],{"class":146},[69,122963,318],{"class":83},[20,122965,122966],{},[42,122967,321],{},[60,122969,122971],{"className":62,"code":122970,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122972,122973,122977,122991],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,122974,122975],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,122976,47084],{"class":87},[69,122978,122979,122981,122983,122985,122987,122989],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,122980,674],{"class":79},[69,122982,696],{"class":135},[69,122984,700],{"class":699},[69,122986,4164],{"class":703},[69,122988,706],{"class":699},[69,122990,689],{"class":79},[69,122992,122993,122995,122997,122999,123001,123003],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,122994,674],{"class":79},[69,122996,696],{"class":135},[69,122998,700],{"class":699},[69,123000,2919],{"class":703},[69,123002,706],{"class":699},[69,123004,689],{"class":79},[20,123006,123007],{},"Notice:",[29,123009,123010,123016,123021],{},[32,123011,123012,123015],{},[15,123013,123014],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[32,123017,123018,123020],{},[15,123019,46924],{}," only displayed values",[32,123022,123023,123025,123026,123028,123029,61778,123031],{},[15,123024,46924],{}," did not change ",[15,123027,3198],{}," from ",[15,123030,2919],{},[15,123032,4164],{},[20,123034,123035,123036,537],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[533,123037,123038,3030],{"href":46921},[15,123039,46924],{},[55,123041,123043,11272,123045,123048],{"id":123042},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,123044,48156],{},[15,123046,123047],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,123050,123051],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[29,123053,123054,123059],{},[32,123055,123056,123058],{},[15,123057,48156],{}," is the more readable text version",[32,123060,123061,123063],{},[15,123062,123047],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,123065,123066,123067,123069],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,123068,48156],{}," much more often.",[20,123071,123072,123073,123075],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,123074,48156],{}," is usually the right choice.",[55,123077,5222],{"id":5221},[377,123079,26462,123081,123083],{"id":123080},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,123082,48156],{}," changes the original variable",[20,123085,123086,123088],{},[15,123087,48156],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[60,123090,123092],{"className":62,"code":123091,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,123093,123094,123102,123116,123120,123130,123144,123154],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123095,123096,123098,123100],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123097,22318],{"class":75},[69,123099,80],{"class":79},[69,123101,45697],{"class":87},[69,123103,123104,123106,123108,123110,123112,123114],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,123105,35378],{"class":75},[69,123107,80],{"class":79},[69,123109,49377],{"class":177},[69,123111,132],{"class":83},[69,123113,9985],{"class":146},[69,123115,166],{"class":83},[69,123117,123118],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,123119,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,123121,123122,123124,123126,123128],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,123123,172],{"class":128},[69,123125,132],{"class":83},[69,123127,9985],{"class":146},[69,123129,166],{"class":83},[69,123131,123132,123134,123136,123138,123140,123142],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,123133,172],{"class":128},[69,123135,132],{"class":83},[69,123137,641],{"class":177},[69,123139,132],{"class":83},[69,123141,9985],{"class":146},[69,123143,318],{"class":83},[69,123145,123146,123148,123150,123152],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,123147,172],{"class":128},[69,123149,132],{"class":83},[69,123151,35399],{"class":146},[69,123153,166],{"class":83},[69,123155,123156,123158,123160,123162,123164,123166],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,123157,172],{"class":128},[69,123159,132],{"class":83},[69,123161,641],{"class":177},[69,123163,132],{"class":83},[69,123165,35399],{"class":146},[69,123167,318],{"class":83},[20,123169,123170],{},[42,123171,321],{},[60,123173,123175],{"className":62,"code":123174,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123176,123177,123181,123195,123199],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123178,123179],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123180,3435],{"class":87},[69,123182,123183,123185,123187,123189,123191,123193],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,123184,674],{"class":79},[69,123186,696],{"class":135},[69,123188,700],{"class":699},[69,123190,2919],{"class":703},[69,123192,706],{"class":699},[69,123194,689],{"class":79},[69,123196,123197],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,123198,3435],{"class":87},[69,123200,123201,123203,123205,123207,123209,123211],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,123202,674],{"class":79},[69,123204,696],{"class":135},[69,123206,700],{"class":699},[69,123208,4164],{"class":703},[69,123210,706],{"class":699},[69,123212,689],{"class":79},[377,123214,123216],{"id":123215},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,123218,7376],{},[60,123220,123222],{"className":62,"code":123221,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,123223,123224,123232],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123225,123226,123228,123230],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123227,22318],{"class":75},[69,123229,80],{"class":79},[69,123231,45697],{"class":87},[69,123233,123234,123236,123238,123240,123242,123244],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,123235,35378],{"class":75},[69,123237,80],{"class":79},[69,123239,49377],{"class":177},[69,123241,132],{"class":83},[69,123243,9985],{"class":146},[69,123245,166],{"class":83},[20,123247,123248],{},"But if you only do this:",[60,123250,123252],{"className":62,"code":123251,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,123253,123254,123262],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123255,123256,123258,123260],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123257,22318],{"class":75},[69,123259,80],{"class":79},[69,123261,45697],{"class":87},[69,123263,123264,123266,123268,123270],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,123265,4164],{"class":177},[69,123267,132],{"class":83},[69,123269,9985],{"class":146},[69,123271,166],{"class":83},[20,123273,123274],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[377,123276,840,123278,123280],{"id":123277},"using-str-too-early",[15,123279,48156],{}," too early",[20,123282,123283],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[60,123285,123287],{"className":62,"code":123286,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,123288,123289,123297,123312,123316],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123290,123291,123293,123295],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123292,40856],{"class":75},[69,123294,80],{"class":79},[69,123296,3313],{"class":87},[69,123298,123299,123302,123304,123306,123308,123310],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,123300,123301],{"class":75},"text_price ",[69,123303,80],{"class":79},[69,123305,49377],{"class":177},[69,123307,132],{"class":83},[69,123309,25837],{"class":146},[69,123311,166],{"class":83},[69,123313,123314],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,123315,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,123317,123318],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,123319,123320],{"class":189},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,123322,123323,123324,394,123328,123332],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[533,123325,123326],{"href":3600},[15,123327,3603],{},[533,123329,123330],{"href":3606},[15,123331,3609],{},", depending on the situation.",[377,123334,1780,123336,123339],{"id":123335},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,123337,123338],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,123341,65121],{},[60,123343,123345],{"className":62,"code":123344,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,123346,123347,123379],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123348,123349,123351,123353,123355,123357,123359,123361,123363,123365,123367,123369,123371,123373,123375,123377],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123350,1252],{"class":75},[69,123352,80],{"class":79},[69,123354,84],{"class":83},[69,123356,871],{"class":699},[69,123358,874],{"class":703},[69,123360,871],{"class":699},[69,123362,91],{"class":83},[69,123364,881],{"class":699},[69,123366,893],{"class":703},[69,123368,871],{"class":699},[69,123370,91],{"class":83},[69,123372,881],{"class":699},[69,123374,33911],{"class":703},[69,123376,871],{"class":699},[69,123378,117],{"class":83},[69,123380,123381,123383,123385,123387,123389,123391],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,123382,172],{"class":128},[69,123384,132],{"class":83},[69,123386,4164],{"class":177},[69,123388,132],{"class":83},[69,123390,8497],{"class":146},[69,123392,318],{"class":83},[20,123394,123395],{},"prints:",[60,123397,123398],{"className":62,"code":73314,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,123399,123400],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123401,123402,123404,123406,123408,123410,123412,123414,123416,123418,123420,123422,123424,123426],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123403,331],{"class":83},[69,123405,706],{"class":699},[69,123407,874],{"class":703},[69,123409,706],{"class":699},[69,123411,91],{"class":83},[69,123413,700],{"class":699},[69,123415,893],{"class":703},[69,123417,706],{"class":699},[69,123419,91],{"class":83},[69,123421,700],{"class":699},[69,123423,33911],{"class":703},[69,123425,706],{"class":699},[69,123427,117],{"class":83},[20,123429,123430],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[55,123432,18108],{"id":18107},[20,123434,123435,547,123437,537],{},[15,123436,48156],{},[42,123438,123439],{},"new string",[20,123441,12148],{},[29,123443,123444,123447,123450],{},[32,123445,123446],{},"It always returns a string",[32,123448,123449],{},"It does not modify the original object",[32,123451,8451,123452,123456],{},[533,123453,123454],{"href":3026},[15,123455,3029],{}," to confirm the result",[20,123458,234],{},[60,123460,123462],{"className":62,"code":123461,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123463,123464,123472,123487,123491,123502],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123465,123466,123468,123470],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123467,3173],{"class":75},[69,123469,80],{"class":79},[69,123471,14823],{"class":87},[69,123473,123474,123477,123479,123481,123483,123485],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,123475,123476],{"class":75},"converted ",[69,123478,80],{"class":79},[69,123480,49377],{"class":177},[69,123482,132],{"class":83},[69,123484,3198],{"class":146},[69,123486,166],{"class":83},[69,123488,123489],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,123490,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,123492,123493,123495,123497,123500],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,123494,172],{"class":128},[69,123496,132],{"class":83},[69,123498,123499],{"class":146},"converted",[69,123501,166],{"class":83},[69,123503,123504,123506,123508,123510,123512,123514],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,123505,172],{"class":128},[69,123507,132],{"class":83},[69,123509,641],{"class":177},[69,123511,132],{"class":83},[69,123513,123499],{"class":146},[69,123515,318],{"class":83},[20,123517,123518],{},[42,123519,321],{},[60,123521,123523],{"className":62,"code":123522,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123524,123525,123530],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123526,123527],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123528,123529],{"class":87},"99\n",[69,123531,123532,123534,123536,123538,123540,123542],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,123533,674],{"class":79},[69,123535,696],{"class":135},[69,123537,700],{"class":699},[69,123539,4164],{"class":703},[69,123541,706],{"class":699},[69,123543,689],{"class":79},[55,123545,114205],{"id":114204},[20,123547,123548,123549,75293],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,123550,48156],{},[29,123552,123553,123556,123559,123564],{},[32,123554,123555],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[32,123557,123558],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[32,123560,840,123561,123563],{},[15,123562,48156],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[32,123565,123566],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123568,123569,123570,537],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[533,123571,26367,123572],{"href":90883},[15,123573,90884],{},[55,123575,123577],{"id":123576},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123579,123580],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[60,123582,123584],{"className":62,"code":123583,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123585,123586,123594,123598,123608,123622,123626,123640,123650],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123587,123588,123590,123592],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123589,3173],{"class":75},[69,123591,80],{"class":79},[69,123593,45697],{"class":87},[69,123595,123596],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,123597,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,123599,123600,123602,123604,123606],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,123601,172],{"class":128},[69,123603,132],{"class":83},[69,123605,3198],{"class":146},[69,123607,166],{"class":83},[69,123609,123610,123612,123614,123616,123618,123620],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,123611,172],{"class":128},[69,123613,132],{"class":83},[69,123615,641],{"class":177},[69,123617,132],{"class":83},[69,123619,3198],{"class":146},[69,123621,318],{"class":83},[69,123623,123624],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,123625,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,123627,123628,123630,123632,123634,123636,123638],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,123629,123476],{"class":75},[69,123631,80],{"class":79},[69,123633,49377],{"class":177},[69,123635,132],{"class":83},[69,123637,3198],{"class":146},[69,123639,166],{"class":83},[69,123641,123642,123644,123646,123648],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,123643,172],{"class":128},[69,123645,132],{"class":83},[69,123647,123499],{"class":146},[69,123649,166],{"class":83},[69,123651,123652,123654,123656,123658,123660,123662],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,123653,172],{"class":128},[69,123655,132],{"class":83},[69,123657,641],{"class":177},[69,123659,132],{"class":83},[69,123661,123499],{"class":146},[69,123663,318],{"class":83},[20,123665,123666,123667,2920,123669,123671,123672,537],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123668,2919],{},[15,123670,2923],{},", or another type into ",[15,123673,4164],{},[55,123675,2519],{"id":2518},[377,123677,2561,123679,5846],{"id":123678},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123680,48156],{},[20,123682,123683],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[377,123685,2523,123687,123689],{"id":123686},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123688,48156],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123691,123692],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[377,123694,5871,123696,123698],{"id":123695},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123697,48156],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123700,123701],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[377,123703,95069,123705,123707],{"id":123704},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123706,48156],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123709,123710],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[377,123712,15595,123714,57681,123716,3218],{"id":123713},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123715,48156],{},[15,123717,46924],{},[20,123719,46837,123720,123722,123723,123725],{},[15,123721,48156],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123724,46924],{}," shows output.",[55,123727,2620],{"id":2619},[29,123729,123730,123736,123742,123748,123754,123763,123767],{},[32,123731,123732],{},[533,123733,123734,2515],{"href":46921},[15,123735,46924],{},[32,123737,123738],{},[533,123739,123740,2515],{"href":3026},[15,123741,3029],{},[32,123743,123744],{},[533,123745,123746,2515],{"href":3600},[15,123747,3603],{},[32,123749,123750],{},[533,123751,123752,2515],{"href":3606},[15,123753,3609],{},[32,123755,123756],{},[533,123757,123759,123760,123762],{"href":123758},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123761,2919],{}," to string in Python",[32,123764,123765],{},[533,123766,91161],{"href":90170},[32,123768,123769],{},[533,123770,31036,123771],{"href":90883},[15,123772,90884],{},[2650,123774,123775],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":123777},[123778,123779,123781,123782,123788,123790,123792,123794,123803,123804,123805,123806,123818],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":122196,"depth":120,"text":123780},"What str() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":122363,"depth":120,"text":122364,"children":123783},[123784,123785,123786,123787],{"id":122367,"depth":169,"text":122368},{"id":122453,"depth":169,"text":122454},{"id":122540,"depth":169,"text":122541},{"id":122626,"depth":169,"text":122627},{"id":122742,"depth":120,"text":123789},"When to use str()",{"id":122873,"depth":120,"text":123791},"str() vs print()",{"id":123042,"depth":120,"text":123793},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":5221,"depth":120,"text":5222,"children":123795},[123796,123798,123799,123801],{"id":123080,"depth":169,"text":123797},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":123215,"depth":169,"text":123216},{"id":123277,"depth":169,"text":123800},"Using str() too early",{"id":123335,"depth":169,"text":123802},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":18107,"depth":120,"text":18108},{"id":114204,"depth":120,"text":114205},{"id":123576,"depth":120,"text":123577},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":123807},[123808,123810,123812,123814,123816],{"id":123678,"depth":169,"text":123809},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123686,"depth":169,"text":123811},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123695,"depth":169,"text":123813},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123704,"depth":169,"text":123815},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123713,"depth":169,"text":123817},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42646,"description":123819},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123826,"title":123827,"body":123828,"description":125281,"extension":2697,"meta":125282,"navigation":272,"path":125283,"seo":125284,"stem":125285,"__hash__":125286},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123829,"toc":125243},[123830,123836,123842,123845,123867,123869,123931,123933,123946,123952,123957,123962,123964,123977,123988,123990,124017,124019,124036,124043,124054,124056,124061,124063,124075,124083,124092,124094,124097,124150,124152,124160,124168,124172,124177,124217,124219,124227,124230,124232,124272,124274,124282,124292,124298,124301,124374,124376,124389,124393,124398,124426,124429,124464,124466,124474,124477,124481,124485,124487,124503,124505,124545,124547,124555,124564,124607,124609,124617,124619,124623,124629,124632,124672,124674,124682,124687,124690,124733,124737,124740,124775,124780,124782,124821,124831,124839,124849,124857,124861,124866,124868,124909,124911,124919,124924,124927,124930,124948,124954,124958,124963,124966,125006,125008,125013,125112,125115,125131,125133,125152,125154,125161,125164,125170,125173,125179,125183,125189,125192,125198,125201,125203,125240],[10,123831,123833,123834,12011],{"id":123832},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123835,57766],{},[20,123837,123838,123839,123841],{},"The Python string ",[15,123840,57766],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123843,123844],{},"This reference page explains:",[29,123846,123847,123851,123854,123856,123864],{},[32,123848,26707,123849,205],{},[15,123850,57766],{},[32,123852,123853],{},"its syntax",[32,123855,36083],{},[32,123857,123858,123859,5096,123861,123863],{},"how ",[15,123860,36762],{},[15,123862,53135],{}," work",[32,123865,123866],{},"common beginner mistakes",[55,123868,58],{"id":57},[60,123870,123872],{"className":62,"code":123871,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123873,123874,123886,123908],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123875,123876,123878,123880,123882,123884],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123877,35378],{"class":75},[69,123879,80],{"class":79},[69,123881,881],{"class":699},[69,123883,893],{"class":703},[69,123885,4079],{"class":699},[69,123887,123888,123890,123892,123894,123896,123898,123900,123902,123904,123906],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,123889,172],{"class":128},[69,123891,132],{"class":83},[69,123893,35399],{"class":146},[69,123895,537],{"class":83},[69,123897,41729],{"class":146},[69,123899,132],{"class":83},[69,123901,871],{"class":699},[69,123903,533],{"class":703},[69,123905,871],{"class":699},[69,123907,318],{"class":83},[69,123909,123910,123912,123914,123916,123918,123920,123922,123924,123927,123929],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,123911,172],{"class":128},[69,123913,132],{"class":83},[69,123915,35399],{"class":146},[69,123917,537],{"class":83},[69,123919,41729],{"class":146},[69,123921,132],{"class":83},[69,123923,871],{"class":699},[69,123925,123926],{"class":703},"na",[69,123928,871],{"class":699},[69,123930,318],{"class":83},[20,123932,321],{},[60,123934,123936],{"className":62,"code":123935,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"3\n2\n",[15,123937,123938,123942],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123939,123940],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123941,47089],{"class":87},[69,123943,123944],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,123945,17746],{"class":87},[20,123947,1378,123948,123951],{},[15,123949,123950],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[55,123953,13688,123955,13691],{"id":123954},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123956,57766],{},[20,123958,123959,123961],{},[15,123960,57766],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123963,13744],{},[29,123965,123966,123969,123972,123974],{},[32,123967,123968],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[32,123970,123971],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[32,123973,44129],{},[32,123975,123976],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123978,123979,123980,123982,123983,2920,123985,123987],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123981,18786],{}," characters are in ",[15,123984,65752],{},[15,123986,57766],{}," is a simple choice.",[55,123989,2888],{"id":2887},[60,123991,123993],{"className":62,"code":123992,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123994,123995],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,123996,123997,123999,124001,124003,124005,124007,124009,124011,124013,124015],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,123998,61651],{"class":75},[69,124000,537],{"class":83},[69,124002,41729],{"class":146},[69,124004,132],{"class":83},[69,124006,3198],{"class":146},[69,124008,91],{"class":83},[69,124010,36741],{"class":146},[69,124012,91],{"class":83},[69,124014,65518],{"class":146},[69,124016,166],{"class":83},[377,124018,18084],{"id":18083},[29,124020,124021,124026,124031],{},[32,124022,124023,124025],{},[15,124024,3198],{},": the text to search for",[32,124027,124028,124030],{},[15,124029,36762],{},": optional; where counting begins",[32,124032,124033,124035],{},[15,124034,53135],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,124037,124038,5096,124040,124042],{},[15,124039,36762],{},[15,124041,53135],{}," work like slice positions:",[29,124044,124045,124050],{},[32,124046,124047,124049],{},[15,124048,36762],{}," is included",[32,124051,124052,76219],{},[15,124053,53135],{},[55,124055,18108],{"id":18107},[20,124057,124058,124060],{},[15,124059,57766],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,124062,2855],{},[29,124064,124065,124070],{},[32,124066,124067,124068],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,124069,346],{},[32,124071,124072,124073],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,124074,1226],{},[20,124076,41375,124077,5862,124079,394,124081,537],{},[42,124078,5334],{},[15,124080,224],{},[15,124082,230],{},[20,124084,124085,124086,124091],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[533,124087,124089,102079],{"href":124088},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,124090,1574],{}," is often a better fit.",[55,124093,12165],{"id":12164},[20,124095,124096],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[60,124098,124100],{"className":62,"code":124099,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,124101,124102,124114,124136,124140],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124103,124104,124106,124108,124110,124112],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124105,35378],{"class":75},[69,124107,80],{"class":79},[69,124109,881],{"class":699},[69,124111,874],{"class":703},[69,124113,4079],{"class":699},[69,124115,124116,124118,124120,124122,124124,124126,124128,124130,124132,124134],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,124117,123],{"class":75},[69,124119,80],{"class":79},[69,124121,43312],{"class":75},[69,124123,537],{"class":83},[69,124125,41729],{"class":146},[69,124127,132],{"class":83},[69,124129,871],{"class":699},[69,124131,20],{"class":703},[69,124133,871],{"class":699},[69,124135,166],{"class":83},[69,124137,124138],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,124139,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,124141,124142,124144,124146,124148],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,124143,172],{"class":128},[69,124145,132],{"class":83},[69,124147,183],{"class":146},[69,124149,166],{"class":83},[20,124151,321],{},[60,124153,124154],{"className":62,"code":17746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,124155,124156],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124157,124158],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124159,17746],{"class":87},[20,124161,64297,124162,124165,124166,537],{},[15,124163,124164],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,124167,58309],{},[55,124169,124171],{"id":124170},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,124173,124174,124176],{},[15,124175,57766],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[60,124178,124180],{"className":62,"code":124179,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,124181,124182,124195],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124183,124184,124186,124188,124190,124193],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124185,35378],{"class":75},[69,124187,80],{"class":79},[69,124189,881],{"class":699},[69,124191,124192],{"class":703},"cat dog cat bird cat",[69,124194,4079],{"class":699},[69,124196,124197,124199,124201,124203,124205,124207,124209,124211,124213,124215],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,124198,172],{"class":128},[69,124200,132],{"class":83},[69,124202,35399],{"class":146},[69,124204,537],{"class":83},[69,124206,41729],{"class":146},[69,124208,132],{"class":83},[69,124210,871],{"class":699},[69,124212,37738],{"class":703},[69,124214,871],{"class":699},[69,124216,318],{"class":83},[20,124218,321],{},[60,124220,124221],{"className":62,"code":47089,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,124222,124223],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124224,124225],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124226,47089],{"class":87},[20,124228,124229],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,124231,234],{},[60,124233,124235],{"className":62,"code":124234,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,124236,124237,124250],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124238,124239,124241,124243,124245,124248],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124240,35378],{"class":75},[69,124242,80],{"class":79},[69,124244,881],{"class":699},[69,124246,124247],{"class":703},"one One one",[69,124249,4079],{"class":699},[69,124251,124252,124254,124256,124258,124260,124262,124264,124266,124268,124270],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,124253,172],{"class":128},[69,124255,132],{"class":83},[69,124257,35399],{"class":146},[69,124259,537],{"class":83},[69,124261,41729],{"class":146},[69,124263,132],{"class":83},[69,124265,871],{"class":699},[69,124267,7273],{"class":703},[69,124269,871],{"class":699},[69,124271,318],{"class":83},[20,124273,321],{},[60,124275,124276],{"className":62,"code":17746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,124277,124278],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124279,124280],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124281,17746],{"class":87},[20,124283,124284,124285,124288,124289,124291],{},"The uppercase ",[15,124286,124287],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,124290,57766],{}," is case-sensitive.",[55,124293,840,124294,5096,124296],{"id":65884},[15,124295,36762],{},[15,124297,53135],{},[20,124299,124300],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[60,124302,124304],{"className":62,"code":124303,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,124305,124306,124318,124344],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124307,124308,124310,124312,124314,124316],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124309,35378],{"class":75},[69,124311,80],{"class":79},[69,124313,881],{"class":699},[69,124315,893],{"class":703},[69,124317,4079],{"class":699},[69,124319,124320,124322,124324,124326,124328,124330,124332,124334,124336,124338,124340,124342],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,124321,172],{"class":128},[69,124323,132],{"class":83},[69,124325,35399],{"class":146},[69,124327,537],{"class":83},[69,124329,41729],{"class":146},[69,124331,132],{"class":83},[69,124333,871],{"class":699},[69,124335,533],{"class":703},[69,124337,871],{"class":699},[69,124339,91],{"class":83},[69,124341,94],{"class":87},[69,124343,318],{"class":83},[69,124345,124346,124348,124350,124352,124354,124356,124358,124360,124362,124364,124366,124368,124370,124372],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,124347,172],{"class":128},[69,124349,132],{"class":83},[69,124351,35399],{"class":146},[69,124353,537],{"class":83},[69,124355,41729],{"class":146},[69,124357,132],{"class":83},[69,124359,871],{"class":699},[69,124361,533],{"class":703},[69,124363,871],{"class":699},[69,124365,91],{"class":83},[69,124367,94],{"class":87},[69,124369,91],{"class":83},[69,124371,109],{"class":87},[69,124373,318],{"class":83},[20,124375,321],{},[60,124377,124379],{"className":62,"code":124378,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"2\n1\n",[15,124380,124381,124385],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124382,124383],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124384,17746],{"class":87},[69,124386,124387],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,124388,47389],{"class":87},[377,124390,124392],{"id":124391},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,124394,124395,124396,143],{},"In ",[15,124397,65752],{},[29,124399,124400,124408,124416],{},[32,124401,71443,124402,124404,124405],{},[15,124403,1155],{}," starts at the first ",[15,124406,124407],{},"\"n\"",[32,124409,124410,124413,124414,76517],{},[15,124411,124412],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,124415,1155],{},[32,124417,124418,124413,124421,124423,124424],{},[15,124419,124420],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,124422,1155],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,124425,2866],{},[20,124427,124428],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[60,124430,124432],{"className":62,"code":124431,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,124433,124434,124446],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124435,124436,124438,124440,124442,124444],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124437,35378],{"class":75},[69,124439,80],{"class":79},[69,124441,881],{"class":699},[69,124443,893],{"class":703},[69,124445,4079],{"class":699},[69,124447,124448,124450,124452,124454,124456,124458,124460,124462],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,124449,172],{"class":128},[69,124451,132],{"class":83},[69,124453,35399],{"class":146},[69,124455,331],{"class":83},[69,124457,1155],{"class":87},[69,124459,143],{"class":83},[69,124461,2866],{"class":87},[69,124463,618],{"class":83},[20,124465,321],{},[60,124467,124468],{"className":62,"code":41938,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,124469,124470],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124471,124472],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124473,41938],{"class":75},[20,124475,124476],{},"Only that section is searched.",[55,124478,124480],{"id":124479},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,124482,124483,124291],{},[15,124484,57766],{},[20,124486,213],{},[29,124488,124489,124497],{},[32,124490,124491,5096,124493,124496],{},[15,124492,18786],{},[15,124494,124495],{},"\"A\""," are different",[32,124498,124499,5096,124501,124496],{},[15,124500,65012],{},[15,124502,90896],{},[20,124504,234],{},[60,124506,124508],{"className":62,"code":124507,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124509,124510,124523],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124511,124512,124514,124516,124518,124521],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124513,35378],{"class":75},[69,124515,80],{"class":79},[69,124517,881],{"class":699},[69,124519,124520],{"class":703},"Apple apple APPLE",[69,124522,4079],{"class":699},[69,124524,124525,124527,124529,124531,124533,124535,124537,124539,124541,124543],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,124526,172],{"class":128},[69,124528,132],{"class":83},[69,124530,35399],{"class":146},[69,124532,537],{"class":83},[69,124534,41729],{"class":146},[69,124536,132],{"class":83},[69,124538,871],{"class":699},[69,124540,874],{"class":703},[69,124542,871],{"class":699},[69,124544,318],{"class":83},[20,124546,321],{},[60,124548,124549],{"className":62,"code":47389,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,124550,124551],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124552,124553],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124554,47389],{"class":87},[20,124556,124557,124558,143],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[533,124559,124561],{"href":124560},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124562,124563],{},"lower()",[60,124565,124567],{"className":62,"code":124566,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124568,124569,124581],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124570,124571,124573,124575,124577,124579],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124572,35378],{"class":75},[69,124574,80],{"class":79},[69,124576,881],{"class":699},[69,124578,124520],{"class":703},[69,124580,4079],{"class":699},[69,124582,124583,124585,124587,124589,124591,124593,124595,124597,124599,124601,124603,124605],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,124584,172],{"class":128},[69,124586,132],{"class":83},[69,124588,35399],{"class":146},[69,124590,537],{"class":83},[69,124592,9326],{"class":146},[69,124594,9323],{"class":83},[69,124596,41729],{"class":146},[69,124598,132],{"class":83},[69,124600,871],{"class":699},[69,124602,874],{"class":703},[69,124604,871],{"class":699},[69,124606,318],{"class":83},[20,124608,321],{},[60,124610,124611],{"className":62,"code":47089,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,124612,124613],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124614,124615],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124616,47089],{"class":87},[55,124618,1771],{"id":1770},[20,124620,23783,124621,537],{},[15,124622,57766],{},[377,124624,1780,124626,124628],{"id":124625},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124627,57766],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124630,124631],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[60,124633,124635],{"className":62,"code":124634,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124636,124637,124650],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124638,124639,124641,124643,124645,124648],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124640,35378],{"class":75},[69,124642,80],{"class":79},[69,124644,881],{"class":699},[69,124646,124647],{"class":703},"Aardvark",[69,124649,4079],{"class":699},[69,124651,124652,124654,124656,124658,124660,124662,124664,124666,124668,124670],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,124653,172],{"class":128},[69,124655,132],{"class":83},[69,124657,35399],{"class":146},[69,124659,537],{"class":83},[69,124661,41729],{"class":146},[69,124663,132],{"class":83},[69,124665,871],{"class":699},[69,124667,533],{"class":703},[69,124669,871],{"class":699},[69,124671,318],{"class":83},[20,124673,321],{},[60,124675,124676],{"className":62,"code":17746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,124677,124678],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124679,124680],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124681,17746],{"class":87},[20,124683,124284,124684,124686],{},[15,124685,124495],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124688,124689],{},"If needed, convert first:",[60,124691,124693],{"className":62,"code":124692,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124694,124695,124707],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124696,124697,124699,124701,124703,124705],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124698,35378],{"class":75},[69,124700,80],{"class":79},[69,124702,881],{"class":699},[69,124704,124647],{"class":703},[69,124706,4079],{"class":699},[69,124708,124709,124711,124713,124715,124717,124719,124721,124723,124725,124727,124729,124731],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,124710,172],{"class":128},[69,124712,132],{"class":83},[69,124714,35399],{"class":146},[69,124716,537],{"class":83},[69,124718,9326],{"class":146},[69,124720,9323],{"class":83},[69,124722,41729],{"class":146},[69,124724,132],{"class":83},[69,124726,871],{"class":699},[69,124728,533],{"class":703},[69,124730,871],{"class":699},[69,124732,318],{"class":83},[377,124734,124736],{"id":124735},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124738,124739],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[60,124741,124743],{"className":62,"code":124742,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124744,124745,124757],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124746,124747,124749,124751,124753,124755],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124748,35378],{"class":75},[69,124750,80],{"class":79},[69,124752,881],{"class":699},[69,124754,893],{"class":703},[69,124756,4079],{"class":699},[69,124758,124759,124761,124763,124765,124767,124769,124771,124773],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,124760,172],{"class":128},[69,124762,132],{"class":83},[69,124764,35399],{"class":146},[69,124766,537],{"class":83},[69,124768,41729],{"class":146},[69,124770,132],{"class":83},[69,124772,533],{"class":146},[69,124774,318],{"class":83},[20,124776,124777,124778,537],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124779,533],{},[20,124781,11495],{},[60,124783,124785],{"className":62,"code":124784,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124786,124787,124799],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124788,124789,124791,124793,124795,124797],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124790,35378],{"class":75},[69,124792,80],{"class":79},[69,124794,881],{"class":699},[69,124796,893],{"class":703},[69,124798,4079],{"class":699},[69,124800,124801,124803,124805,124807,124809,124811,124813,124815,124817,124819],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,124802,172],{"class":128},[69,124804,132],{"class":83},[69,124806,35399],{"class":146},[69,124808,537],{"class":83},[69,124810,41729],{"class":146},[69,124812,132],{"class":83},[69,124814,871],{"class":699},[69,124816,533],{"class":703},[69,124818,871],{"class":699},[69,124820,318],{"class":83},[377,124822,2309,124824,843,124826,394,124829],{"id":124823},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124825,57766],{},[15,124827,124828],{},"find()",[15,124830,59444],{},[20,124832,1378,124833,124835,124836,537],{},[15,124834,57766],{}," when you need the ",[42,124837,124838],{},"number of matches",[20,124840,1378,124841,124835,124846,124848],{},[533,124842,124844],{"href":124843},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124845,124828],{},[42,124847,65424],{}," of the first match.",[20,124850,1378,124851,124856],{},[533,124852,124854],{"href":124853},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124855,59444],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[377,124858,124860],{"id":124859},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124862,124863,124865],{},[15,124864,57766],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124867,234],{},[60,124869,124871],{"className":62,"code":124870,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124872,124873,124886],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124874,124875,124877,124879,124881,124884],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124876,35378],{"class":75},[69,124878,80],{"class":79},[69,124880,881],{"class":699},[69,124882,124883],{"class":703},"aaaa",[69,124885,4079],{"class":699},[69,124887,124888,124890,124892,124894,124896,124898,124900,124902,124905,124907],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,124889,172],{"class":128},[69,124891,132],{"class":83},[69,124893,35399],{"class":146},[69,124895,537],{"class":83},[69,124897,41729],{"class":146},[69,124899,132],{"class":83},[69,124901,871],{"class":699},[69,124903,124904],{"class":703},"aa",[69,124906,871],{"class":699},[69,124908,318],{"class":83},[20,124910,321],{},[60,124912,124913],{"className":62,"code":17746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,124914,124915],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,124916,124917],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,124918,17746],{"class":87},[20,124920,124921,124922,537],{},"It does not return ",[15,124923,346],{},[20,124925,124926],{},"Why not?",[20,124928,124929],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[29,124931,124932,124941],{},[32,124933,124934,124937,124938],{},[15,124935,124936],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124939,124940],{},"0-1",[32,124942,124943,124937,124945],{},[15,124944,124936],{},[15,124946,124947],{},"2-3",[20,124949,124950,124951,537],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124952,124953],{},"1-2",[55,124955,1373,124956],{"id":58849},[15,124957,57766],{},[20,124959,1378,124960,124962],{},[15,124961,57766],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124964,124965],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[29,124967,124968,124977,124987,124997],{},[32,124969,1378,124970,124972,124973,124976],{},[15,124971,57766],{}," when you need ",[42,124974,124975],{},"how many times"," something appears",[32,124978,1378,124979,124972,124983,124986],{},[533,124980,124981],{"href":124843},[15,124982,124828],{},[42,124984,124985],{},"where"," it appears",[32,124988,48283,124989,124993,124994],{},[533,124990,124991,102079],{"href":124088},[15,124992,1574],{}," when you only need to know ",[42,124995,124996],{},"if it exists",[32,124998,1378,124999,125005],{},[533,125000,125002],{"href":125001},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,125003,125004],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[55,125007,26630],{"id":26629},[20,125009,9561,125010,125012],{},[15,125011,57766],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[60,125014,125016],{"className":62,"code":125015,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,125017,125018,125028,125042,125064,125090],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125019,125020,125022,125024,125026],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125021,172],{"class":128},[69,125023,132],{"class":83},[69,125025,35399],{"class":146},[69,125027,166],{"class":83},[69,125029,125030,125032,125034,125036,125038,125040],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,125031,172],{"class":128},[69,125033,132],{"class":83},[69,125035,641],{"class":177},[69,125037,132],{"class":83},[69,125039,35399],{"class":146},[69,125041,318],{"class":83},[69,125043,125044,125046,125048,125050,125052,125054,125056,125058,125060,125062],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,125045,172],{"class":128},[69,125047,132],{"class":83},[69,125049,35399],{"class":146},[69,125051,537],{"class":83},[69,125053,41729],{"class":146},[69,125055,132],{"class":83},[69,125057,871],{"class":699},[69,125059,533],{"class":703},[69,125061,871],{"class":699},[69,125063,318],{"class":83},[69,125065,125066,125068,125070,125072,125074,125076,125078,125080,125082,125084,125086,125088],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,125067,172],{"class":128},[69,125069,132],{"class":83},[69,125071,35399],{"class":146},[69,125073,537],{"class":83},[69,125075,9326],{"class":146},[69,125077,9323],{"class":83},[69,125079,41729],{"class":146},[69,125081,132],{"class":83},[69,125083,871],{"class":699},[69,125085,533],{"class":703},[69,125087,871],{"class":699},[69,125089,318],{"class":83},[69,125091,125092,125094,125096,125098,125100,125102,125104,125106,125108,125110],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,125093,172],{"class":128},[69,125095,132],{"class":83},[69,125097,35399],{"class":146},[69,125099,537],{"class":83},[69,125101,41729],{"class":146},[69,125103,132],{"class":83},[69,125105,871],{"class":699},[69,125107,123926],{"class":703},[69,125109,871],{"class":699},[69,125111,318],{"class":83},[20,125113,125114],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[29,125116,125117,125120,125125,125128],{},[32,125118,125119],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[32,125121,125122,125124],{},[15,125123,35399],{}," not being a string",[32,125126,125127],{},"counting the wrong substring",[32,125129,125130],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,125132,59338],{},[29,125134,125135,125138,125141,125144],{},[32,125136,125137],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[32,125139,125140],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[32,125142,125143],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[32,125145,50965,125146,45101,125148,394,125150,73789],{},[15,125147,57766],{},[15,125149,124828],{},[15,125151,1574],{},[55,125153,2519],{"id":2518},[377,125155,125157,125158,125160],{"id":125156},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,125159,57766],{}," change the original string?",[20,125162,125163],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[377,125165,15595,125167,125169],{"id":125166},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,125168,57766],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,125171,125172],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[377,125174,2561,125176,125178],{"id":125175},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,125177,57766],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,125180,5849,125181,537],{},[15,125182,1226],{},[377,125184,5871,125186,125188],{"id":125185},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,125187,57766],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,125190,125191],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[377,125193,2523,125195,125197],{"id":125194},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,125196,57766],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,125199,125200],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[55,125202,2620],{"id":2619},[29,125204,125205,125212,125219,125226,125233],{},[32,125206,125207],{},[533,125208,125209],{"href":124843},[15,125210,125211],{},"Python string find() method",[32,125213,125214],{},[533,125215,125216],{"href":124853},[15,125217,125218],{},"Python string index() method",[32,125220,125221],{},[533,125222,125223],{"href":124560},[15,125224,125225],{},"Python string lower() method",[32,125227,125228],{},[533,125229,125230],{"href":124088},[15,125231,125232],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[32,125234,125235],{},[533,125236,125237],{"href":125001},[15,125238,125239],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2650,125241,125242],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":125244},[125245,125246,125248,125251,125252,125253,125254,125257,125258,125266,125267,125268,125280],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":123954,"depth":120,"text":125247},"What the count() method does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888,"children":125249},[125250],{"id":18083,"depth":169,"text":18084},{"id":18107,"depth":120,"text":18108},{"id":12164,"depth":120,"text":12165},{"id":124170,"depth":120,"text":124171},{"id":65884,"depth":120,"text":66667,"children":125255},[125256],{"id":124391,"depth":169,"text":124392},{"id":124479,"depth":120,"text":124480},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771,"children":125259},[125260,125262,125263,125265],{"id":124625,"depth":169,"text":125261},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124735,"depth":169,"text":124736},{"id":124823,"depth":169,"text":125264},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124859,"depth":169,"text":124860},{"id":58849,"depth":120,"text":59480},{"id":26629,"depth":120,"text":26630},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":125269},[125270,125272,125274,125276,125278],{"id":125156,"depth":169,"text":125271},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":125166,"depth":169,"text":125273},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":125175,"depth":169,"text":125275},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":125185,"depth":169,"text":125277},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":125194,"depth":169,"text":125279},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123827,"description":125281},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":125288,"title":125289,"body":125290,"description":126875,"extension":2697,"meta":126876,"navigation":272,"path":126877,"seo":126878,"stem":126879,"__hash__":126880},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":125291,"toc":126848},[125292,125295,125298,125395,125404,125406,125425,125429,125432,125435,125448,125451,125480,125485,125490,125548,125550,125583,125589,125593,125596,125599,125628,125631,125658,125661,125664,125668,125671,125678,125741,125743,125761,125764,125768,125771,125774,125816,125819,125863,125866,125869,125873,125878,125881,125924,125926,125949,125952,125985,125988,126037,126047,126051,126054,126057,126086,126089,126100,126102,126161,126164,126168,126171,126174,126189,126198,126201,126235,126238,126265,126268,126275,126277,126280,126282,126285,126299,126308,126310,126337,126341,126344,126358,126361,126420,126424,126427,126454,126457,126484,126492,126495,126555,126557,126590,126594,126597,126616,126621,126670,126675,126677,126680,126739,126757,126759,126763,126771,126775,126778,126782,126788,126792,126802,126806,126809,126811,126845],[10,125293,125289],{"id":125294},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,125296,125297],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[60,125299,125301],{"className":62,"code":125300,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,125302,125303,125315,125327,125336,125350,125354,125364,125374,125385],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125304,125305,125307,125309,125311,125313],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125306,8563],{"class":75},[69,125308,80],{"class":79},[69,125310,881],{"class":699},[69,125312,5708],{"class":703},[69,125314,4079],{"class":699},[69,125316,125317,125319,125321,125323,125325],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,125318,90485],{"class":75},[69,125320,80],{"class":79},[69,125322,700],{"class":699},[69,125324,35555],{"class":703},[69,125326,30388],{"class":699},[69,125328,125329,125332,125334],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,125330,125331],{"class":75},"empty ",[69,125333,80],{"class":79},[69,125335,8568],{"class":699},[69,125337,125338,125340,125342,125344,125346,125348],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,125339,35378],{"class":75},[69,125341,80],{"class":79},[69,125343,49377],{"class":177},[69,125345,132],{"class":83},[69,125347,50719],{"class":87},[69,125349,166],{"class":83},[69,125351,125352],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,125353,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,125355,125356,125358,125360,125362],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,125357,172],{"class":128},[69,125359,132],{"class":83},[69,125361,8356],{"class":146},[69,125363,166],{"class":83},[69,125365,125366,125368,125370,125372],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,125367,172],{"class":128},[69,125369,132],{"class":83},[69,125371,90502],{"class":146},[69,125373,166],{"class":83},[69,125375,125376,125378,125380,125383],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,125377,172],{"class":128},[69,125379,132],{"class":83},[69,125381,125382],{"class":146},"empty",[69,125384,166],{"class":83},[69,125386,125387,125389,125391,125393],{"class":71,"line":7120},[69,125388,172],{"class":128},[69,125390,132],{"class":83},[69,125392,35399],{"class":146},[69,125394,166],{"class":83},[20,125396,125397,125400,125401,125403],{},[42,125398,125399],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,125402,48156],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[55,125405,15855],{"id":15854},[29,125407,125408,125411,125414,125417,125422],{},[32,125409,125410],{},"What a string is in Python",[32,125412,125413],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[32,125415,125416],{},"How to create an empty string",[32,125418,125419,125420],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,125421,48156],{},[32,125423,125424],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[55,125426,125428],{"id":125427},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,125430,125431],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,125433,125434],{},"Strings can contain:",[29,125436,125437,125440,125442,125445],{},[32,125438,125439],{},"Letters",[32,125441,56937],{},[32,125443,125444],{},"Spaces",[32,125446,125447],{},"Symbols",[20,125449,125450],{},"Examples of strings:",[60,125452,125454],{"className":62,"code":125453,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,125455,125456,125464,125472],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125457,125458,125460,125462],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125459,871],{"class":43799},[69,125461,1275],{"class":43803},[69,125463,4079],{"class":43799},[69,125465,125466,125468,125470],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,125467,871],{"class":43799},[69,125469,50719],{"class":43803},[69,125471,4079],{"class":43799},[69,125473,125474,125476,125478],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,125475,871],{"class":43799},[69,125477,89627],{"class":43803},[69,125479,4079],{"class":43799},[20,125481,21668,125482,125484],{},[15,125483,50769],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,125486,125487,125488,143],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,125489,3029],{},[60,125491,125493],{"className":62,"code":125492,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,125494,125495,125507,125516,125520,125534],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125496,125497,125499,125501,125503,125505],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125498,35378],{"class":75},[69,125500,80],{"class":79},[69,125502,881],{"class":699},[69,125504,50719],{"class":703},[69,125506,4079],{"class":699},[69,125508,125509,125511,125513],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,125510,1700],{"class":75},[69,125512,80],{"class":79},[69,125514,125515],{"class":87}," 123\n",[69,125517,125518],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,125519,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,125521,125522,125524,125526,125528,125530,125532],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,125523,172],{"class":128},[69,125525,132],{"class":83},[69,125527,641],{"class":177},[69,125529,132],{"class":83},[69,125531,35399],{"class":146},[69,125533,318],{"class":83},[69,125535,125536,125538,125540,125542,125544,125546],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,125537,172],{"class":128},[69,125539,132],{"class":83},[69,125541,641],{"class":177},[69,125543,132],{"class":83},[69,125545,1045],{"class":146},[69,125547,318],{"class":83},[20,125549,321],{},[60,125551,125553],{"className":62,"code":125552,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,125554,125555,125569],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125556,125557,125559,125561,125563,125565,125567],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125558,674],{"class":79},[69,125560,696],{"class":135},[69,125562,700],{"class":699},[69,125564,4164],{"class":703},[69,125566,706],{"class":699},[69,125568,689],{"class":79},[69,125570,125571,125573,125575,125577,125579,125581],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,125572,674],{"class":79},[69,125574,696],{"class":135},[69,125576,700],{"class":699},[69,125578,2919],{"class":703},[69,125580,706],{"class":699},[69,125582,689],{"class":79},[20,125584,125585,125586,537],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[533,125587,125588],{"href":51449},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[55,125590,125592],{"id":125591},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125594,125595],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125597,125598],{},"You can use single quotes:",[60,125600,125602],{"className":62,"code":125601,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125603,125604,125617],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125605,125606,125609,125611,125613,125615],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125607,125608],{"class":75},"greeting ",[69,125610,80],{"class":79},[69,125612,700],{"class":699},[69,125614,1275],{"class":703},[69,125616,30388],{"class":699},[69,125618,125619,125621,125623,125626],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,125620,172],{"class":128},[69,125622,132],{"class":83},[69,125624,125625],{"class":146},"greeting",[69,125627,166],{"class":83},[20,125629,125630],{},"Or double quotes:",[60,125632,125634],{"className":62,"code":125633,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125635,125636,125648],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125637,125638,125640,125642,125644,125646],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125639,125608],{"class":75},[69,125641,80],{"class":79},[69,125643,881],{"class":699},[69,125645,1275],{"class":703},[69,125647,4079],{"class":699},[69,125649,125650,125652,125654,125656],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,125651,172],{"class":128},[69,125653,132],{"class":83},[69,125655,125625],{"class":146},[69,125657,166],{"class":83},[20,125659,125660],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125662,125663],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[55,125665,125667],{"id":125666},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125669,125670],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125672,125673,125674,394,125676,143],{},"Use either ",[15,125675,6967],{},[15,125677,1231],{},[60,125679,125681],{"className":62,"code":125680,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125682,125683,125692,125701,125705,125716,125727],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125684,125685,125688,125690],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125686,125687],{"class":75},"empty1 ",[69,125689,80],{"class":79},[69,125691,8568],{"class":699},[69,125693,125694,125697,125699],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,125695,125696],{"class":75},"empty2 ",[69,125698,80],{"class":79},[69,125700,47968],{"class":699},[69,125702,125703],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,125704,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,125706,125707,125709,125711,125714],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,125708,172],{"class":128},[69,125710,132],{"class":83},[69,125712,125713],{"class":146},"empty1",[69,125715,166],{"class":83},[69,125717,125718,125720,125722,125725],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,125719,172],{"class":128},[69,125721,132],{"class":83},[69,125723,125724],{"class":146},"empty2",[69,125726,166],{"class":83},[69,125728,125729,125731,125733,125735,125737,125739],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,125730,172],{"class":128},[69,125732,132],{"class":83},[69,125734,641],{"class":177},[69,125736,132],{"class":83},[69,125738,125713],{"class":146},[69,125740,318],{"class":83},[20,125742,321],{},[60,125744,125745],{"className":62,"code":46242,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,125746,125747],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125748,125749,125751,125753,125755,125757,125759],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125750,674],{"class":79},[69,125752,696],{"class":135},[69,125754,700],{"class":699},[69,125756,4164],{"class":703},[69,125758,706],{"class":699},[69,125760,689],{"class":79},[20,125762,125763],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[55,125765,125767],{"id":125766},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125769,125770],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125772,125773],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[60,125775,125777],{"className":62,"code":125776,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125778,125779,125790,125795,125802,125806],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125780,125781,125783,125785,125788],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125782,90485],{"class":75},[69,125784,80],{"class":79},[69,125786,125787],{"class":699}," \"\"\"",[69,125789,89427],{"class":703},[69,125791,125792],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,125793,125794],{"class":703},"Welcome to Python\n",[69,125796,125797,125800],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,125798,125799],{"class":703},"Have a nice day",[69,125801,43807],{"class":699},[69,125803,125804],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,125805,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,125807,125808,125810,125812,125814],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,125809,172],{"class":128},[69,125811,132],{"class":83},[69,125813,90502],{"class":146},[69,125815,166],{"class":83},[20,125817,125818],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[60,125820,125822],{"className":62,"code":125821,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125823,125824,125836,125841,125849,125853],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125825,125826,125828,125830,125833],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125827,90485],{"class":75},[69,125829,80],{"class":79},[69,125831,125832],{"class":699}," '''",[69,125834,125835],{"class":703},"Line 1\n",[69,125837,125838],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,125839,125840],{"class":703},"Line 2\n",[69,125842,125843,125846],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,125844,125845],{"class":703},"Line 3",[69,125847,125848],{"class":699},"'''\n",[69,125850,125851],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,125852,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,125854,125855,125857,125859,125861],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,125856,172],{"class":128},[69,125858,132],{"class":83},[69,125860,90502],{"class":146},[69,125862,166],{"class":83},[20,125864,125865],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125867,125868],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[55,125870,125872],{"id":125871},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125874,2714,125875,125877],{},[15,125876,48156],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125879,125880],{},"Example with a number:",[60,125882,125884],{"className":62,"code":125883,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125885,125886,125900,125910],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125887,125888,125890,125892,125894,125896,125898],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125889,35378],{"class":75},[69,125891,80],{"class":79},[69,125893,49377],{"class":177},[69,125895,132],{"class":83},[69,125897,46998],{"class":87},[69,125899,166],{"class":83},[69,125901,125902,125904,125906,125908],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,125903,172],{"class":128},[69,125905,132],{"class":83},[69,125907,35399],{"class":146},[69,125909,166],{"class":83},[69,125911,125912,125914,125916,125918,125920,125922],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,125913,172],{"class":128},[69,125915,132],{"class":83},[69,125917,641],{"class":177},[69,125919,132],{"class":83},[69,125921,35399],{"class":146},[69,125923,318],{"class":83},[20,125925,321],{},[60,125927,125929],{"className":62,"code":125928,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125930,125931,125935],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125932,125933],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125934,47084],{"class":87},[69,125936,125937,125939,125941,125943,125945,125947],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,125938,674],{"class":79},[69,125940,696],{"class":135},[69,125942,700],{"class":699},[69,125944,4164],{"class":703},[69,125946,706],{"class":699},[69,125948,689],{"class":79},[20,125950,125951],{},"You can also convert other values:",[60,125953,125955],{"className":62,"code":125954,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125956,125957,125971],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125958,125959,125961,125963,125965,125967,125969],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125960,172],{"class":128},[69,125962,132],{"class":83},[69,125964,4164],{"class":177},[69,125966,132],{"class":83},[69,125968,224],{"class":1203},[69,125970,318],{"class":83},[69,125972,125973,125975,125977,125979,125981,125983],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,125974,172],{"class":128},[69,125976,132],{"class":83},[69,125978,4164],{"class":177},[69,125980,132],{"class":83},[69,125982,40612],{"class":87},[69,125984,318],{"class":83},[20,125986,125987],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[60,125989,125991],{"className":62,"code":125990,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125992,125993,126001,126023,126027],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,125994,125995,125997,125999],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,125996,22318],{"class":75},[69,125998,80],{"class":79},[69,126000,45697],{"class":87},[69,126002,126003,126005,126007,126009,126011,126013,126015,126017,126019,126021],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,126004,90485],{"class":75},[69,126006,80],{"class":79},[69,126008,881],{"class":699},[69,126010,89903],{"class":703},[69,126012,871],{"class":699},[69,126014,3180],{"class":79},[69,126016,49377],{"class":177},[69,126018,132],{"class":83},[69,126020,9985],{"class":146},[69,126022,166],{"class":83},[69,126024,126025],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,126026,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,126028,126029,126031,126033,126035],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,126030,172],{"class":128},[69,126032,132],{"class":83},[69,126034,90502],{"class":146},[69,126036,166],{"class":83},[20,126038,126039,126040,394,126044,537],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[533,126041,13,126042,2515],{"href":42645},[15,126043,48156],{},[533,126045,126046],{"href":123758},"how to convert int to string in Python",[55,126048,126050],{"id":126049},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,126052,126053],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,126055,126056],{},"Both of these are valid:",[60,126058,126060],{"className":62,"code":126059,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,126061,126062,126074],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126063,126064,126066,126068,126070,126072],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126065,3280],{"class":75},[69,126067,80],{"class":79},[69,126069,700],{"class":699},[69,126071,7985],{"class":703},[69,126073,30388],{"class":699},[69,126075,126076,126078,126080,126082,126084],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,126077,3308],{"class":75},[69,126079,80],{"class":79},[69,126081,881],{"class":699},[69,126083,7985],{"class":703},[69,126085,4079],{"class":699},[20,126087,126088],{},"A common rule is:",[29,126090,126091,126094,126097],{},[32,126092,126093],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[32,126095,126096],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[32,126098,126099],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,126101,234],{},[60,126103,126105],{"className":62,"code":126104,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,126106,126107,126121,126135,126139,126150],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126108,126109,126112,126114,126116,126119],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126110,126111],{"class":75},"text1 ",[69,126113,80],{"class":79},[69,126115,881],{"class":699},[69,126117,126118],{"class":703},"It's working",[69,126120,4079],{"class":699},[69,126122,126123,126126,126128,126130,126133],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,126124,126125],{"class":75},"text2 ",[69,126127,80],{"class":79},[69,126129,700],{"class":699},[69,126131,126132],{"class":703},"She said \"hello\"",[69,126134,30388],{"class":699},[69,126136,126137],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,126138,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,126140,126141,126143,126145,126148],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,126142,172],{"class":128},[69,126144,132],{"class":83},[69,126146,126147],{"class":146},"text1",[69,126149,166],{"class":83},[69,126151,126152,126154,126156,126159],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,126153,172],{"class":128},[69,126155,132],{"class":83},[69,126157,126158],{"class":146},"text2",[69,126160,166],{"class":83},[20,126162,126163],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[55,126165,126167],{"id":126166},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,126169,126170],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,126172,126173],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[60,126175,126177],{"className":62,"code":126176,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,126178,126179,126184],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126180,126181],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126182,126183],{"class":189},"# This will cause an error\n",[69,126185,126186],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,126187,126188],{"class":189},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,126190,126191,126192,36018,126194,126197],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,126193,706],{},[15,126195,126196],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,126199,126200],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[60,126202,126204],{"className":62,"code":126203,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,126205,126206,126225],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126207,126208,126210,126212,126214,126217,126220,126223],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126209,35378],{"class":75},[69,126211,80],{"class":79},[69,126213,700],{"class":699},[69,126215,126216],{"class":703},"It",[69,126218,126219],{"class":685},"\\'",[69,126221,126222],{"class":703},"s working",[69,126224,30388],{"class":699},[69,126226,126227,126229,126231,126233],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,126228,172],{"class":128},[69,126230,132],{"class":83},[69,126232,35399],{"class":146},[69,126234,166],{"class":83},[20,126236,126237],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[60,126239,126241],{"className":62,"code":126240,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126242,126243,126255],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126244,126245,126247,126249,126251,126253],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126246,35378],{"class":75},[69,126248,80],{"class":79},[69,126250,881],{"class":699},[69,126252,126118],{"class":703},[69,126254,4079],{"class":699},[69,126256,126257,126259,126261,126263],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,126258,172],{"class":128},[69,126260,132],{"class":83},[69,126262,35399],{"class":146},[69,126264,166],{"class":83},[20,126266,126267],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,126269,126270,126271,537],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[533,126272,126274],{"href":126273},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[55,126276,1771],{"id":1770},[20,126278,126279],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[377,126281,90692],{"id":90691},[20,126283,126284],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[60,126286,126288],{"className":62,"code":126287,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,126289,126290,126294],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126291,126292],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126293,126183],{"class":189},[69,126295,126296],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,126297,126298],{"class":189},"# name = Alice\n",[20,126300,126301,126302,9287,126305,126307],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,126303,126304],{},"NameError",[15,126306,5708],{}," is not defined.",[20,126309,11495],{},[60,126311,126313],{"className":62,"code":126312,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,126314,126315,126327],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126316,126317,126319,126321,126323,126325],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126318,8563],{"class":75},[69,126320,80],{"class":79},[69,126322,881],{"class":699},[69,126324,5708],{"class":703},[69,126326,4079],{"class":699},[69,126328,126329,126331,126333,126335],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,126330,172],{"class":128},[69,126332,132],{"class":83},[69,126334,8356],{"class":146},[69,126336,166],{"class":83},[377,126338,126340],{"id":126339},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,126342,126343],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[60,126345,126347],{"className":62,"code":126346,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,126348,126349,126353],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126350,126351],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126352,126183],{"class":189},[69,126354,126355],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,126356,126357],{"class":189},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,126359,126360],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[60,126362,126364],{"className":62,"code":126363,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,126365,126366,126383,126396,126400,126410],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126367,126368,126370,126372,126374,126376,126378,126381],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126369,126111],{"class":75},[69,126371,80],{"class":79},[69,126373,700],{"class":699},[69,126375,126216],{"class":703},[69,126377,126219],{"class":685},[69,126379,126380],{"class":703},"s good",[69,126382,30388],{"class":699},[69,126384,126385,126387,126389,126391,126394],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,126386,126125],{"class":75},[69,126388,80],{"class":79},[69,126390,881],{"class":699},[69,126392,126393],{"class":703},"It's good",[69,126395,4079],{"class":699},[69,126397,126398],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,126399,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,126401,126402,126404,126406,126408],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,126403,172],{"class":128},[69,126405,132],{"class":83},[69,126407,126147],{"class":146},[69,126409,166],{"class":83},[69,126411,126412,126414,126416,126418],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,126413,172],{"class":128},[69,126415,132],{"class":83},[69,126417,126158],{"class":146},[69,126419,166],{"class":83},[377,126421,126423],{"id":126422},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,126425,126426],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[60,126428,126430],{"className":62,"code":126429,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126431,126432,126444],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126433,126434,126436,126438,126440,126442],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126435,35378],{"class":75},[69,126437,80],{"class":79},[69,126439,125787],{"class":699},[69,126441,1275],{"class":703},[69,126443,43807],{"class":699},[69,126445,126446,126448,126450,126452],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,126447,172],{"class":128},[69,126449,132],{"class":83},[69,126451,35399],{"class":146},[69,126453,166],{"class":83},[20,126455,126456],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[60,126458,126460],{"className":62,"code":126459,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126461,126462,126474],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126463,126464,126466,126468,126470,126472],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126465,35378],{"class":75},[69,126467,80],{"class":79},[69,126469,881],{"class":699},[69,126471,1275],{"class":703},[69,126473,4079],{"class":699},[69,126475,126476,126478,126480,126482],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,126477,172],{"class":128},[69,126479,132],{"class":83},[69,126481,35399],{"class":146},[69,126483,166],{"class":83},[377,126485,5283,126487,5096,126489,126491],{"id":126486},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,126488,50719],{},[15,126490,50769],{}," are the same type",[20,126493,126494],{},"They are different:",[60,126496,126498],{"className":62,"code":126497,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,126499,126500,126509,126522,126526,126540],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126501,126502,126505,126507],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126503,126504],{"class":75},"value1 ",[69,126506,80],{"class":79},[69,126508,125515],{"class":87},[69,126510,126511,126514,126516,126518,126520],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,126512,126513],{"class":75},"value2 ",[69,126515,80],{"class":79},[69,126517,881],{"class":699},[69,126519,50719],{"class":703},[69,126521,4079],{"class":699},[69,126523,126524],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,126525,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,126527,126528,126530,126532,126534,126536,126538],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,126529,172],{"class":128},[69,126531,132],{"class":83},[69,126533,641],{"class":177},[69,126535,132],{"class":83},[69,126537,85248],{"class":146},[69,126539,318],{"class":83},[69,126541,126542,126544,126546,126548,126550,126553],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,126543,172],{"class":128},[69,126545,132],{"class":83},[69,126547,641],{"class":177},[69,126549,132],{"class":83},[69,126551,126552],{"class":146},"value2",[69,126554,318],{"class":83},[20,126556,321],{},[60,126558,126560],{"className":62,"code":126559,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126561,126562,126576],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126563,126564,126566,126568,126570,126572,126574],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126565,674],{"class":79},[69,126567,696],{"class":135},[69,126569,700],{"class":699},[69,126571,2919],{"class":703},[69,126573,706],{"class":699},[69,126575,689],{"class":79},[69,126577,126578,126580,126582,126584,126586,126588],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,126579,674],{"class":79},[69,126581,696],{"class":135},[69,126583,700],{"class":699},[69,126585,4164],{"class":703},[69,126587,706],{"class":699},[69,126589,689],{"class":79},[377,126591,126593],{"id":126592},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126595,126596],{},"This causes a type error:",[60,126598,126600],{"className":62,"code":126599,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126601,126602,126606,126611],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126603,126604],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126605,126183],{"class":189},[69,126607,126608],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,126609,126610],{"class":189},"# age = 10\n",[69,126612,126613],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,126614,126615],{"class":189},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126617,126618,126619,143],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126620,48156],{},[60,126622,126624],{"className":62,"code":126623,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126625,126626,126634,126656,126660],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126627,126628,126630,126632],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126629,22318],{"class":75},[69,126631,80],{"class":79},[69,126633,3313],{"class":87},[69,126635,126636,126638,126640,126642,126644,126646,126648,126650,126652,126654],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,126637,90485],{"class":75},[69,126639,80],{"class":79},[69,126641,881],{"class":699},[69,126643,89903],{"class":703},[69,126645,871],{"class":699},[69,126647,3180],{"class":79},[69,126649,49377],{"class":177},[69,126651,132],{"class":83},[69,126653,9985],{"class":146},[69,126655,166],{"class":83},[69,126657,126658],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,126659,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,126661,126662,126664,126666,126668],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,126663,172],{"class":128},[69,126665,132],{"class":83},[69,126667,90502],{"class":146},[69,126669,166],{"class":83},[20,126671,126672,126673,537],{},"For this specific error, see ",[533,126674,90884],{"href":90883},[377,126676,61187],{"id":61186},[20,126678,126679],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[60,126681,126683],{"className":62,"code":126682,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126684,126685,126697,126701,126711,126725],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126686,126687,126689,126691,126693,126695],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126688,35378],{"class":75},[69,126690,80],{"class":79},[69,126692,881],{"class":699},[69,126694,1275],{"class":703},[69,126696,4079],{"class":699},[69,126698,126699],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,126700,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,126702,126703,126705,126707,126709],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,126704,172],{"class":128},[69,126706,132],{"class":83},[69,126708,35399],{"class":146},[69,126710,166],{"class":83},[69,126712,126713,126715,126717,126719,126721,126723],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,126714,172],{"class":128},[69,126716,132],{"class":83},[69,126718,641],{"class":177},[69,126720,132],{"class":83},[69,126722,35399],{"class":146},[69,126724,318],{"class":83},[69,126726,126727,126729,126731,126733,126735,126737],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,126728,172],{"class":128},[69,126730,132],{"class":83},[69,126732,42249],{"class":128},[69,126734,132],{"class":83},[69,126736,35399],{"class":146},[69,126738,318],{"class":83},[29,126740,126741,126746,126751],{},[32,126742,126743,46750],{},[15,126744,126745],{},"print(text)",[32,126747,126748,46755],{},[15,126749,126750],{},"print(type(text))",[32,126752,126753,126756],{},[15,126754,126755],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[55,126758,2519],{"id":2518},[377,126760,126762],{"id":126761},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126764,126765,126766,394,126769,537],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126767,126768],{},"'hello'",[15,126770,65012],{},[377,126772,126774],{"id":126773},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126776,126777],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[377,126779,126781],{"id":126780},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126783,1378,126784,394,126786,537],{},[15,126785,6967],{},[15,126787,1231],{},[377,126789,126791],{"id":126790},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126793,1378,126794,126796,126797,126799,126800,537],{},[15,126795,48156],{},", like ",[15,126798,80858],{},", which returns ",[15,126801,42596],{},[377,126803,126805],{"id":126804},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126807,126808],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[55,126810,2620],{"id":2619},[29,126812,126813,126817,126823,126828,126837,126841],{},[32,126814,126815],{},[533,126816,125588],{"href":51449},[32,126818,126819],{},[533,126820,13,126821,2515],{"href":42645},[15,126822,48156],{},[32,126824,126825],{},[533,126826,126827],{"href":123758},"How to convert int to string in Python",[32,126829,126830],{},[533,126831,126833,126834,11428],{"href":126832},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126835,126836],{},"format()",[32,126838,126839],{},[533,126840,126274],{"href":126273},[32,126842,126843],{},[533,126844,90884],{"href":90883},[2650,126846,126847],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":126849},[126850,126851,126852,126853,126854,126855,126856,126857,126858,126867,126874],{"id":15854,"depth":120,"text":15855},{"id":125427,"depth":120,"text":125428},{"id":125591,"depth":120,"text":125592},{"id":125666,"depth":120,"text":125667},{"id":125766,"depth":120,"text":125767},{"id":125871,"depth":120,"text":125872},{"id":126049,"depth":120,"text":126050},{"id":126166,"depth":120,"text":126167},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771,"children":126859},[126860,126861,126862,126863,126865,126866],{"id":90691,"depth":169,"text":90692},{"id":126339,"depth":169,"text":126340},{"id":126422,"depth":169,"text":126423},{"id":126486,"depth":169,"text":126864},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126592,"depth":169,"text":126593},{"id":61186,"depth":169,"text":61187},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":126868},[126869,126870,126871,126872,126873],{"id":126761,"depth":169,"text":126762},{"id":126773,"depth":169,"text":126774},{"id":126780,"depth":169,"text":126781},{"id":126790,"depth":169,"text":126791},{"id":126804,"depth":169,"text":126805},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":125289,"description":126875},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126882,"title":126883,"body":126884,"description":128798,"extension":2697,"meta":128799,"navigation":272,"path":128800,"seo":128801,"stem":128802,"__hash__":128803},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126885,"toc":128759},[126886,126892,126897,126905,126907,126974,126976,126988,126997,127002,127006,127023,127025,127090,127092,127104,127109,127111,127139,127160,127163,127202,127204,127212,127216,127220,127224,127232,127235,127276,127278,127286,127289,127346,127348,127356,127360,127365,127409,127411,127419,127428,127432,127437,127485,127487,127495,127501,127503,127507,127519,127524,127603,127605,127625,127629,127633,127673,127675,127683,127687,127730,127732,127740,127744,127784,127786,127794,127798,127854,127856,127864,127870,127872,127876,127886,127953,127955,127968,127975,128018,128020,128028,128032,128035,128091,128093,128101,128104,128106,128183,128185,128193,128202,128204,128208,128212,128214,128236,128239,128286,128290,128329,128331,128339,128341,128383,128390,128395,128457,128459,128471,128477,128482,128531,128533,128552,128558,128560,128579,128581,128672,128674,128680,128687,128693,128699,128704,128713,128720,128728,128730,128756],[10,126887,123833,126889,12011],{"id":126888},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126890,126891],{},"endswith()",[20,126893,123838,126894,126896],{},[15,126895,126891],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126898,126899,126900,394,126902,126904],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126901,224],{},[15,126903,230],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[55,126906,58],{"id":57},[60,126908,126910],{"className":62,"code":126909,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126911,126912,126926,126951],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126913,126914,126917,126919,126921,126924],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126915,126916],{"class":75},"filename ",[69,126918,80],{"class":79},[69,126920,881],{"class":699},[69,126922,126923],{"class":703},"report.csv",[69,126925,4079],{"class":699},[69,126927,126928,126930,126932,126935,126937,126940,126942,126944,126947,126949],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,126929,172],{"class":128},[69,126931,132],{"class":83},[69,126933,126934],{"class":146},"filename",[69,126936,537],{"class":83},[69,126938,126939],{"class":146},"endswith",[69,126941,132],{"class":83},[69,126943,871],{"class":699},[69,126945,126946],{"class":703},".csv",[69,126948,871],{"class":699},[69,126950,318],{"class":83},[69,126952,126953,126955,126957,126959,126961,126963,126965,126967,126970,126972],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,126954,172],{"class":128},[69,126956,132],{"class":83},[69,126958,126934],{"class":146},[69,126960,537],{"class":83},[69,126962,126939],{"class":146},[69,126964,132],{"class":83},[69,126966,871],{"class":699},[69,126968,126969],{"class":703},".txt",[69,126971,871],{"class":699},[69,126973,318],{"class":83},[20,126975,321],{},[60,126977,126978],{"className":62,"code":44645,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,126979,126980,126984],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,126981,126982],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,126983,4685],{"class":1203},[69,126985,126986],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,126987,4746],{"class":1203},[20,126989,1378,126990,6069,126992,394,126994,126996],{},[15,126991,126891],{},[15,126993,224],{},[15,126995,230],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[55,126998,202,127000,205],{"id":126999},"what-endswith-does",[15,127001,126891],{},[20,127003,127004,143],{},[15,127005,126891],{},[29,127007,127008,127011,127017,127020],{},[32,127009,127010],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[32,127012,12113,127013,394,127015],{},[15,127014,224],{},[15,127016,230],{},[32,127018,127019],{},"Does not change the original string",[32,127021,127022],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,127024,234],{},[60,127026,127028],{"className":62,"code":127027,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,127029,127030,127042,127046,127068],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127031,127032,127034,127036,127038,127040],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127033,35378],{"class":75},[69,127035,80],{"class":79},[69,127037,881],{"class":699},[69,127039,60883],{"class":703},[69,127041,4079],{"class":699},[69,127043,127044],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,127045,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,127047,127048,127050,127052,127054,127056,127058,127060,127062,127064,127066],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,127049,172],{"class":128},[69,127051,132],{"class":83},[69,127053,35399],{"class":146},[69,127055,537],{"class":83},[69,127057,126939],{"class":146},[69,127059,132],{"class":83},[69,127061,871],{"class":699},[69,127063,61068],{"class":703},[69,127065,871],{"class":699},[69,127067,318],{"class":83},[69,127069,127070,127072,127074,127076,127078,127080,127082,127084,127086,127088],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,127071,172],{"class":128},[69,127073,132],{"class":83},[69,127075,35399],{"class":146},[69,127077,537],{"class":83},[69,127079,126939],{"class":146},[69,127081,132],{"class":83},[69,127083,871],{"class":699},[69,127085,1275],{"class":703},[69,127087,871],{"class":699},[69,127089,318],{"class":83},[20,127091,321],{},[60,127093,127094],{"className":62,"code":44645,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,127095,127096,127100],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127097,127098],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127099,4685],{"class":1203},[69,127101,127102],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,127103,4746],{"class":1203},[20,127105,127106,127107,537],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[533,127108,125588],{"href":51449},[55,127110,2888],{"id":2887},[60,127112,127114],{"className":62,"code":127113,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,127115,127116],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127117,127118,127120,127122,127124,127126,127129,127131,127133,127135,127137],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127119,61651],{"class":75},[69,127121,537],{"class":83},[69,127123,126939],{"class":146},[69,127125,132],{"class":83},[69,127127,127128],{"class":146},"suffix",[69,127130,91],{"class":83},[69,127132,36741],{"class":146},[69,127134,91],{"class":83},[69,127136,65518],{"class":146},[69,127138,166],{"class":83},[29,127140,127141,127146,127153],{},[32,127142,127143,127145],{},[15,127144,127128],{}," is required",[32,127147,127148,5096,127150,127152],{},[15,127149,36762],{},[15,127151,53135],{}," are optional",[32,127154,127155,5096,127157,127159],{},[15,127156,36762],{},[15,127158,53135],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,127161,127162],{},"Basic example:",[60,127164,127166],{"className":62,"code":127165,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,127167,127168,127180],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127169,127170,127172,127174,127176,127178],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127171,126916],{"class":75},[69,127173,80],{"class":79},[69,127175,881],{"class":699},[69,127177,87373],{"class":703},[69,127179,4079],{"class":699},[69,127181,127182,127184,127186,127188,127190,127192,127194,127196,127198,127200],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,127183,172],{"class":128},[69,127185,132],{"class":83},[69,127187,126934],{"class":146},[69,127189,537],{"class":83},[69,127191,126939],{"class":146},[69,127193,132],{"class":83},[69,127195,871],{"class":699},[69,127197,126969],{"class":703},[69,127199,871],{"class":699},[69,127201,318],{"class":83},[20,127203,321],{},[60,127205,127206],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,127207,127208],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127209,127210],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127211,4685],{"class":1203},[55,127213,127215],{"id":127214},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[377,127217,127218],{"id":127128},[15,127219,127128],{},[20,127221,127222,31439],{},[15,127223,127128],{},[29,127225,127226,127229],{},[32,127227,127228],{},"A single string",[32,127230,127231],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,127233,127234],{},"Single suffix:",[60,127236,127238],{"className":62,"code":127237,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,127239,127240,127253],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127241,127242,127244,127246,127248,127251],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127243,8563],{"class":75},[69,127245,80],{"class":79},[69,127247,881],{"class":699},[69,127249,127250],{"class":703},"image.png",[69,127252,4079],{"class":699},[69,127254,127255,127257,127259,127261,127263,127265,127267,127269,127272,127274],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,127256,172],{"class":128},[69,127258,132],{"class":83},[69,127260,8356],{"class":146},[69,127262,537],{"class":83},[69,127264,126939],{"class":146},[69,127266,132],{"class":83},[69,127268,871],{"class":699},[69,127270,127271],{"class":703},".png",[69,127273,871],{"class":699},[69,127275,318],{"class":83},[20,127277,321],{},[60,127279,127280],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,127281,127282],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127283,127284],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127285,4685],{"class":1203},[20,127287,127288],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[60,127290,127292],{"className":62,"code":127291,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127293,127294,127306],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127295,127296,127298,127300,127302,127304],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127297,8563],{"class":75},[69,127299,80],{"class":79},[69,127301,881],{"class":699},[69,127303,127250],{"class":703},[69,127305,4079],{"class":699},[69,127307,127308,127310,127312,127314,127316,127318,127320,127322,127325,127327,127329,127331,127333,127335,127337,127339,127342,127344],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,127309,172],{"class":128},[69,127311,132],{"class":83},[69,127313,8356],{"class":146},[69,127315,537],{"class":83},[69,127317,126939],{"class":146},[69,127319,6210],{"class":83},[69,127321,871],{"class":699},[69,127323,127324],{"class":703},".jpg",[69,127326,871],{"class":699},[69,127328,91],{"class":83},[69,127330,881],{"class":699},[69,127332,127271],{"class":703},[69,127334,871],{"class":699},[69,127336,91],{"class":83},[69,127338,881],{"class":699},[69,127340,127341],{"class":703},".gif",[69,127343,871],{"class":699},[69,127345,2019],{"class":83},[20,127347,321],{},[60,127349,127350],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,127351,127352],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127353,127354],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127355,4685],{"class":1203},[377,127357,127358],{"id":36762},[15,127359,36762],{},[20,127361,127362,127364],{},[15,127363,36762],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[60,127366,127368],{"className":62,"code":127367,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,127369,127370,127383],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127371,127372,127374,127376,127378,127381],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127373,35378],{"class":75},[69,127375,80],{"class":79},[69,127377,881],{"class":699},[69,127379,127380],{"class":703},"my_report.csv",[69,127382,4079],{"class":699},[69,127384,127385,127387,127389,127391,127393,127395,127397,127399,127401,127403,127405,127407],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,127386,172],{"class":128},[69,127388,132],{"class":83},[69,127390,35399],{"class":146},[69,127392,537],{"class":83},[69,127394,126939],{"class":146},[69,127396,132],{"class":83},[69,127398,871],{"class":699},[69,127400,126946],{"class":703},[69,127402,871],{"class":699},[69,127404,91],{"class":83},[69,127406,99],{"class":87},[69,127408,318],{"class":83},[20,127410,321],{},[60,127412,127413],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,127414,127415],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127416,127417],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127418,4685],{"class":1203},[20,127420,127421,127422,127424,127425,537],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,127423,346],{}," onward, which is ",[15,127426,127427],{},"\"report.csv\"",[377,127429,127430],{"id":53135},[15,127431,53135],{},[20,127433,127434,127436],{},[15,127435,53135],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[60,127438,127440],{"className":62,"code":127439,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,127441,127442,127455],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127443,127444,127446,127448,127450,127453],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127445,35378],{"class":75},[69,127447,80],{"class":79},[69,127449,881],{"class":699},[69,127451,127452],{"class":703},"report.csv backup",[69,127454,4079],{"class":699},[69,127456,127457,127459,127461,127463,127465,127467,127469,127471,127473,127475,127477,127479,127481,127483],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,127458,172],{"class":128},[69,127460,132],{"class":83},[69,127462,35399],{"class":146},[69,127464,537],{"class":83},[69,127466,126939],{"class":146},[69,127468,132],{"class":83},[69,127470,871],{"class":699},[69,127472,126946],{"class":703},[69,127474,871],{"class":699},[69,127476,91],{"class":83},[69,127478,158],{"class":87},[69,127480,91],{"class":83},[69,127482,6701],{"class":87},[69,127484,318],{"class":83},[20,127486,321],{},[60,127488,127489],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,127490,127491],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127492,127493],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127494,4685],{"class":1203},[20,127496,127497,127498,127500],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,127499,127427],{}," and ignores the rest.",[55,127502,18108],{"id":18107},[20,127504,127505,26196],{},[15,127506,126891],{},[29,127508,127509,127514],{},[32,127510,127511,127513],{},[15,127512,224],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[32,127515,127516,127518],{},[15,127517,230],{}," if it does not",[20,127520,127521,127522,7860],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,127523,1712],{},[60,127525,127527],{"className":62,"code":127526,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,127528,127529,127542,127546,127567,127582,127588],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127530,127531,127533,127535,127537,127540],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127532,126916],{"class":75},[69,127534,80],{"class":79},[69,127536,881],{"class":699},[69,127538,127539],{"class":703},"data.csv",[69,127541,4079],{"class":699},[69,127543,127544],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,127545,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,127547,127548,127550,127553,127555,127557,127559,127561,127563,127565],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,127549,1712],{"class":1053},[69,127551,127552],{"class":75}," filename",[69,127554,537],{"class":83},[69,127556,126939],{"class":146},[69,127558,132],{"class":83},[69,127560,871],{"class":699},[69,127562,126946],{"class":703},[69,127564,871],{"class":699},[69,127566,1048],{"class":83},[69,127568,127569,127571,127573,127575,127578,127580],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,127570,8756],{"class":128},[69,127572,132],{"class":83},[69,127574,871],{"class":699},[69,127576,127577],{"class":703},"This is a CSV file.",[69,127579,871],{"class":699},[69,127581,166],{"class":83},[69,127583,127584,127586],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,127585,28122],{"class":1053},[69,127587,1579],{"class":83},[69,127589,127590,127592,127594,127596,127599,127601],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,127591,8756],{"class":128},[69,127593,132],{"class":83},[69,127595,871],{"class":699},[69,127597,127598],{"class":703},"This is not a CSV file.",[69,127600,871],{"class":699},[69,127602,166],{"class":83},[20,127604,321],{},[60,127606,127608],{"className":62,"code":127607,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127609,127610],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127611,127612,127614,127616,127618,127621,127623],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127613,50352],{"class":75},[69,127615,12885],{"class":79},[69,127617,45016],{"class":75},[69,127619,127620],{"class":685},"CSV",[69,127622,87114],{"class":87113},[69,127624,122865],{"class":83},[55,127626,127628],{"id":127627},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[377,127630,127632],{"id":127631},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[60,127634,127636],{"className":62,"code":127635,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127637,127638,127651],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127639,127640,127642,127644,127646,127649],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127641,126916],{"class":75},[69,127643,80],{"class":79},[69,127645,881],{"class":699},[69,127647,127648],{"class":703},"sales.csv",[69,127650,4079],{"class":699},[69,127652,127653,127655,127657,127659,127661,127663,127665,127667,127669,127671],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,127654,172],{"class":128},[69,127656,132],{"class":83},[69,127658,126934],{"class":146},[69,127660,537],{"class":83},[69,127662,126939],{"class":146},[69,127664,132],{"class":83},[69,127666,871],{"class":699},[69,127668,126946],{"class":703},[69,127670,871],{"class":699},[69,127672,318],{"class":83},[20,127674,321],{},[60,127676,127677],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,127678,127679],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127680,127681],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127682,4685],{"class":1203},[377,127684,127686],{"id":127685},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[60,127688,127690],{"className":62,"code":127689,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127691,127692,127706],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127693,127694,127697,127699,127701,127704],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127695,127696],{"class":75},"url ",[69,127698,80],{"class":79},[69,127700,881],{"class":699},[69,127702,127703],{"class":703},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[69,127705,4079],{"class":699},[69,127707,127708,127710,127712,127715,127717,127719,127721,127723,127726,127728],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,127709,172],{"class":128},[69,127711,132],{"class":83},[69,127713,127714],{"class":146},"url",[69,127716,537],{"class":83},[69,127718,126939],{"class":146},[69,127720,132],{"class":83},[69,127722,871],{"class":699},[69,127724,127725],{"class":703},"\u002F",[69,127727,871],{"class":699},[69,127729,318],{"class":83},[20,127731,321],{},[60,127733,127734],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,127735,127736],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127737,127738],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127739,4685],{"class":1203},[377,127741,127743],{"id":127742},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[60,127745,127747],{"className":62,"code":127746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127748,127749,127762],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127750,127751,127753,127755,127757,127760],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127752,90485],{"class":75},[69,127754,80],{"class":79},[69,127756,881],{"class":699},[69,127758,127759],{"class":703},"Hello!",[69,127761,4079],{"class":699},[69,127763,127764,127766,127768,127770,127772,127774,127776,127778,127780,127782],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,127765,172],{"class":128},[69,127767,132],{"class":83},[69,127769,90502],{"class":146},[69,127771,537],{"class":83},[69,127773,126939],{"class":146},[69,127775,132],{"class":83},[69,127777,871],{"class":699},[69,127779,90326],{"class":703},[69,127781,871],{"class":699},[69,127783,318],{"class":83},[20,127785,321],{},[60,127787,127788],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,127789,127790],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127791,127792],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127793,4685],{"class":1203},[377,127795,127797],{"id":127796},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[60,127799,127801],{"className":62,"code":127800,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127802,127803,127816],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127804,127805,127807,127809,127811,127814],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127806,126916],{"class":75},[69,127808,80],{"class":79},[69,127810,881],{"class":699},[69,127812,127813],{"class":703},"photo.jpg",[69,127815,4079],{"class":699},[69,127817,127818,127820,127822,127824,127826,127828,127830,127832,127834,127836,127838,127840,127842,127844,127846,127848,127850,127852],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,127819,172],{"class":128},[69,127821,132],{"class":83},[69,127823,126934],{"class":146},[69,127825,537],{"class":83},[69,127827,126939],{"class":146},[69,127829,6210],{"class":83},[69,127831,871],{"class":699},[69,127833,127324],{"class":703},[69,127835,871],{"class":699},[69,127837,91],{"class":83},[69,127839,881],{"class":699},[69,127841,127271],{"class":703},[69,127843,871],{"class":699},[69,127845,91],{"class":83},[69,127847,881],{"class":699},[69,127849,127341],{"class":703},[69,127851,871],{"class":699},[69,127853,2019],{"class":83},[20,127855,321],{},[60,127857,127858],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,127859,127860],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127861,127862],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127863,4685],{"class":1203},[20,127865,127866,127867,537],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[533,127868,127869],{"href":124088},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[55,127871,124480],{"id":124479},[20,127873,127874,124291],{},[15,127875,126891],{},[20,127877,127878,127879,5096,127882,127885],{},"That means ",[15,127880,127881],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127883,127884],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[60,127887,127889],{"className":62,"code":127888,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127890,127891,127904,127908,127930],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127892,127893,127895,127897,127899,127902],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127894,126916],{"class":75},[69,127896,80],{"class":79},[69,127898,881],{"class":699},[69,127900,127901],{"class":703},"REPORT.CSV",[69,127903,4079],{"class":699},[69,127905,127906],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,127907,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,127909,127910,127912,127914,127916,127918,127920,127922,127924,127926,127928],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,127911,172],{"class":128},[69,127913,132],{"class":83},[69,127915,126934],{"class":146},[69,127917,537],{"class":83},[69,127919,126939],{"class":146},[69,127921,132],{"class":83},[69,127923,871],{"class":699},[69,127925,126946],{"class":703},[69,127927,871],{"class":699},[69,127929,318],{"class":83},[69,127931,127932,127934,127936,127938,127940,127942,127944,127946,127949,127951],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,127933,172],{"class":128},[69,127935,132],{"class":83},[69,127937,126934],{"class":146},[69,127939,537],{"class":83},[69,127941,126939],{"class":146},[69,127943,132],{"class":83},[69,127945,871],{"class":699},[69,127947,127948],{"class":703},".CSV",[69,127950,871],{"class":699},[69,127952,318],{"class":83},[20,127954,321],{},[60,127956,127958],{"className":62,"code":127957,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127959,127960,127964],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127961,127962],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127963,4746],{"class":1203},[69,127965,127966],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,127967,4685],{"class":1203},[20,127969,127970,127971,537],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[533,127972,127973],{"href":124560},[15,127974,124563],{},[60,127976,127978],{"className":62,"code":127977,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127979,127980,127992],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,127981,127982,127984,127986,127988,127990],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,127983,126916],{"class":75},[69,127985,80],{"class":79},[69,127987,881],{"class":699},[69,127989,127901],{"class":703},[69,127991,4079],{"class":699},[69,127993,127994,127996,127998,128000,128002,128004,128006,128008,128010,128012,128014,128016],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,127995,172],{"class":128},[69,127997,132],{"class":83},[69,127999,126934],{"class":146},[69,128001,537],{"class":83},[69,128003,9326],{"class":146},[69,128005,9323],{"class":83},[69,128007,126939],{"class":146},[69,128009,132],{"class":83},[69,128011,871],{"class":699},[69,128013,126946],{"class":703},[69,128015,871],{"class":699},[69,128017,318],{"class":83},[20,128019,321],{},[60,128021,128022],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,128023,128024],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,128025,128026],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,128027,4685],{"class":1203},[55,128029,128031],{"id":128030},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,128033,128034],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[60,128036,128038],{"className":62,"code":128037,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,128039,128040,128053],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,128041,128042,128044,128046,128048,128051],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,128043,126916],{"class":75},[69,128045,80],{"class":79},[69,128047,881],{"class":699},[69,128049,128050],{"class":703},"picture.gif",[69,128052,4079],{"class":699},[69,128054,128055,128057,128059,128061,128063,128065,128067,128069,128071,128073,128075,128077,128079,128081,128083,128085,128087,128089],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,128056,172],{"class":128},[69,128058,132],{"class":83},[69,128060,126934],{"class":146},[69,128062,537],{"class":83},[69,128064,126939],{"class":146},[69,128066,6210],{"class":83},[69,128068,871],{"class":699},[69,128070,127324],{"class":703},[69,128072,871],{"class":699},[69,128074,91],{"class":83},[69,128076,881],{"class":699},[69,128078,127271],{"class":703},[69,128080,871],{"class":699},[69,128082,91],{"class":83},[69,128084,881],{"class":699},[69,128086,127341],{"class":703},[69,128088,871],{"class":699},[69,128090,2019],{"class":83},[20,128092,321],{},[60,128094,128095],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,128096,128097],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,128098,128099],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,128100,4685],{"class":1203},[20,128102,128103],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,128105,52554],{},[60,128107,128109],{"className":62,"code":128108,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,128110,128111,128124,128159,128163],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,128112,128113,128116,128118,128120,128122],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,128114,128115],{"class":75},"document ",[69,128117,80],{"class":79},[69,128119,881],{"class":699},[69,128121,87373],{"class":703},[69,128123,4079],{"class":699},[69,128125,128126,128129,128131,128133,128135,128137,128139,128141,128143,128146,128148,128150,128152,128155,128157],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,128127,128128],{"class":75},"allowed ",[69,128130,80],{"class":79},[69,128132,441],{"class":83},[69,128134,871],{"class":699},[69,128136,126969],{"class":703},[69,128138,871],{"class":699},[69,128140,91],{"class":83},[69,128142,881],{"class":699},[69,128144,128145],{"class":703},".md",[69,128147,871],{"class":699},[69,128149,91],{"class":83},[69,128151,881],{"class":699},[69,128153,128154],{"class":703},".docx",[69,128156,871],{"class":699},[69,128158,166],{"class":83},[69,128160,128161],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,128162,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,128164,128165,128167,128169,128172,128174,128176,128178,128181],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,128166,172],{"class":128},[69,128168,132],{"class":83},[69,128170,128171],{"class":146},"document",[69,128173,537],{"class":83},[69,128175,126939],{"class":146},[69,128177,132],{"class":83},[69,128179,128180],{"class":146},"allowed",[69,128182,318],{"class":83},[20,128184,321],{},[60,128186,128187],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,128188,128189],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,128190,128191],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,128192,4685],{"class":1203},[20,128194,128195,128196,537],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[533,128197,126833,128199,11428],{"href":128198},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,128200,128201],{},"startswith()",[55,128203,1771],{"id":1770},[20,128205,9133,128206,537],{},[15,128207,126891],{},[377,128209,128211],{"id":128210},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,128213,5229],{},[60,128215,128217],{"className":62,"code":128216,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,128218,128219,128231],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,128220,128221,128223,128225,128227,128229],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,128222,126916],{"class":75},[69,128224,80],{"class":79},[69,128226,881],{"class":699},[69,128228,127813],{"class":703},[69,128230,4079],{"class":699},[69,128232,128233],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,128234,128235],{"class":189},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,128237,128238],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[60,128240,128242],{"className":62,"code":128241,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,128243,128244,128256],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,128245,128246,128248,128250,128252,128254],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,128247,126916],{"class":75},[69,128249,80],{"class":79},[69,128251,881],{"class":699},[69,128253,127813],{"class":703},[69,128255,4079],{"class":699},[69,128257,128258,128260,128262,128264,128266,128268,128270,128272,128274,128276,128278,128280,128282,128284],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,128259,172],{"class":128},[69,128261,132],{"class":83},[69,128263,126934],{"class":146},[69,128265,537],{"class":83},[69,128267,126939],{"class":146},[69,128269,6210],{"class":83},[69,128271,871],{"class":699},[69,128273,127324],{"class":703},[69,128275,871],{"class":699},[69,128277,91],{"class":83},[69,128279,881],{"class":699},[69,128281,127271],{"class":703},[69,128283,871],{"class":699},[69,128285,2019],{"class":83},[377,128287,128289],{"id":128288},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[60,128291,128293],{"className":62,"code":128292,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,128294,128295,128307],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,128296,128297,128299,128301,128303,128305],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,128298,126916],{"class":75},[69,128300,80],{"class":79},[69,128302,881],{"class":699},[69,128304,127901],{"class":703},[69,128306,4079],{"class":699},[69,128308,128309,128311,128313,128315,128317,128319,128321,128323,128325,128327],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,128310,172],{"class":128},[69,128312,132],{"class":83},[69,128314,126934],{"class":146},[69,128316,537],{"class":83},[69,128318,126939],{"class":146},[69,128320,132],{"class":83},[69,128322,871],{"class":699},[69,128324,126946],{"class":703},[69,128326,871],{"class":699},[69,128328,318],{"class":83},[20,128330,321],{},[60,128332,128333],{"className":62,"code":4746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,128334,128335],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,128336,128337],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,128338,4746],{"class":1203},[20,128340,1849],{},[60,128342,128343],{"className":62,"code":127977,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,128344,128345,128357],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,128346,128347,128349,128351,128353,128355],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,128348,126916],{"class":75},[69,128350,80],{"class":79},[69,128352,881],{"class":699},[69,128354,127901],{"class":703},[69,128356,4079],{"class":699},[69,128358,128359,128361,128363,128365,128367,128369,128371,128373,128375,128377,128379,128381],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,128360,172],{"class":128},[69,128362,132],{"class":83},[69,128364,126934],{"class":146},[69,128366,537],{"class":83},[69,128368,9326],{"class":146},[69,128370,9323],{"class":83},[69,128372,126939],{"class":146},[69,128374,132],{"class":83},[69,128376,871],{"class":699},[69,128378,126946],{"class":703},[69,128380,871],{"class":699},[69,128382,318],{"class":83},[377,128384,2309,128386,843,128388],{"id":128385},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,128387,126891],{},[15,128389,1574],{},[20,128391,128392,128394],{},[15,128393,126891],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[60,128396,128398],{"className":62,"code":128397,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,128399,128400,128413,128417,128439],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,128401,128402,128404,128406,128408,128411],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,128403,35378],{"class":75},[69,128405,80],{"class":79},[69,128407,881],{"class":699},[69,128409,128410],{"class":703},"my_report.csv.backup",[69,128412,4079],{"class":699},[69,128414,128415],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,128416,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,128418,128419,128421,128423,128425,128427,128429,128431,128433,128435,128437],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,128420,172],{"class":128},[69,128422,132],{"class":83},[69,128424,35399],{"class":146},[69,128426,537],{"class":83},[69,128428,126939],{"class":146},[69,128430,132],{"class":83},[69,128432,871],{"class":699},[69,128434,126946],{"class":703},[69,128436,871],{"class":699},[69,128438,318],{"class":83},[69,128440,128441,128443,128445,128447,128449,128451,128453,128455],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,128442,172],{"class":128},[69,128444,132],{"class":83},[69,128446,871],{"class":699},[69,128448,126946],{"class":703},[69,128450,871],{"class":699},[69,128452,21864],{"class":1053},[69,128454,43312],{"class":146},[69,128456,166],{"class":83},[20,128458,321],{},[60,128460,128461],{"className":62,"code":127957,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,128462,128463,128467],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,128464,128465],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,128466,4746],{"class":1203},[69,128468,128469],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,128470,4685],{"class":1203},[377,128472,1780,128474,128476],{"id":128473},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,128475,126891],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,128478,128479,128481],{},[15,128480,126891],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[60,128483,128485],{"className":62,"code":128484,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,128486,128487,128499,128521],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,128488,128489,128491,128493,128495,128497],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,128490,126916],{"class":75},[69,128492,80],{"class":79},[69,128494,881],{"class":699},[69,128496,126923],{"class":703},[69,128498,4079],{"class":699},[69,128500,128501,128503,128505,128507,128509,128511,128513,128515,128517,128519],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,128502,172],{"class":128},[69,128504,132],{"class":83},[69,128506,126934],{"class":146},[69,128508,537],{"class":83},[69,128510,126939],{"class":146},[69,128512,132],{"class":83},[69,128514,871],{"class":699},[69,128516,126946],{"class":703},[69,128518,871],{"class":699},[69,128520,318],{"class":83},[69,128522,128523,128525,128527,128529],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,128524,172],{"class":128},[69,128526,132],{"class":83},[69,128528,126934],{"class":146},[69,128530,166],{"class":83},[20,128532,321],{},[60,128534,128536],{"className":62,"code":128535,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,128537,128538,128542],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,128539,128540],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,128541,4685],{"class":1203},[69,128543,128544,128547,128549],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,128545,128546],{"class":75},"report",[69,128548,537],{"class":83},[69,128550,128551],{"class":25438},"csv\n",[20,128553,128554,128555,537],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[533,128556,128557],{"href":125001},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128559,66541],{},[29,128561,128562,128565,128568,128571],{},[32,128563,128564],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[32,128566,128567],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[32,128569,128570],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[32,128572,840,128573,45101,128575,394,128577,112030],{},[15,128574,126891],{},[15,128576,125004],{},[15,128578,42123],{},[20,128580,30824],{},[60,128582,128584],{"className":62,"code":128583,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128585,128586,128596,128610,128632,128658],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,128587,128588,128590,128592,128594],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,128589,172],{"class":128},[69,128591,132],{"class":83},[69,128593,35399],{"class":146},[69,128595,166],{"class":83},[69,128597,128598,128600,128602,128604,128606,128608],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,128599,172],{"class":128},[69,128601,132],{"class":83},[69,128603,42249],{"class":128},[69,128605,132],{"class":83},[69,128607,35399],{"class":146},[69,128609,318],{"class":83},[69,128611,128612,128614,128616,128618,128620,128622,128624,128626,128628,128630],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,128613,172],{"class":128},[69,128615,132],{"class":83},[69,128617,35399],{"class":146},[69,128619,537],{"class":83},[69,128621,126939],{"class":146},[69,128623,132],{"class":83},[69,128625,706],{"class":699},[69,128627,126946],{"class":703},[69,128629,706],{"class":699},[69,128631,318],{"class":83},[69,128633,128634,128636,128638,128640,128642,128644,128646,128648,128650,128652,128654,128656],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,128635,172],{"class":128},[69,128637,132],{"class":83},[69,128639,35399],{"class":146},[69,128641,537],{"class":83},[69,128643,9326],{"class":146},[69,128645,9323],{"class":83},[69,128647,126939],{"class":146},[69,128649,132],{"class":83},[69,128651,706],{"class":699},[69,128653,126946],{"class":703},[69,128655,706],{"class":699},[69,128657,318],{"class":83},[69,128659,128660,128662,128664,128666,128668,128670],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,128661,172],{"class":128},[69,128663,132],{"class":83},[69,128665,641],{"class":177},[69,128667,132],{"class":83},[69,128669,35399],{"class":146},[69,128671,318],{"class":83},[55,128673,2519],{"id":2518},[377,128675,2523,128677,128679],{"id":128676},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128678,126891],{}," change the string?",[20,128681,128682,128683,394,128685,537],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128684,224],{},[15,128686,230],{},[377,128688,5871,128690,128692],{"id":128689},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128691,126891],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128694,128695,128696,537],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128697,128698],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[377,128700,15595,128702,125169],{"id":128701},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128703,126891],{},[20,128705,128706,128707,394,128709,128712],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128708,124563],{},[15,128710,128711],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[377,128714,5881,128716,5096,128718,3218],{"id":128715},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128717,126891],{},[15,128719,124828],{},[20,128721,128722,128724,128725,128727],{},[15,128723,126891],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128726,124828],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[55,128729,2620],{"id":2619},[29,128731,128732,128738,128744,128748,128752],{},[32,128733,128734],{},[533,128735,126833,128736,11428],{"href":128198},[15,128737,128201],{},[32,128739,128740],{},[533,128741,126833,128742,11428],{"href":124560},[15,128743,124563],{},[32,128745,128746],{},[533,128747,125232],{"href":124088},[32,128749,128750],{},[533,128751,125239],{"href":125001},[32,128753,128754],{},[533,128755,125588],{"href":51449},[2650,128757,128758],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":128760},[128761,128762,128764,128765,128770,128771,128777,128778,128779,128787,128797],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":126999,"depth":120,"text":128763},"What endswith() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":127214,"depth":120,"text":127215,"children":128766},[128767,128768,128769],{"id":127128,"depth":169,"text":127128},{"id":36762,"depth":169,"text":36762},{"id":53135,"depth":169,"text":53135},{"id":18107,"depth":120,"text":18108},{"id":127627,"depth":120,"text":127628,"children":128772},[128773,128774,128775,128776],{"id":127631,"depth":169,"text":127632},{"id":127685,"depth":169,"text":127686},{"id":127742,"depth":169,"text":127743},{"id":127796,"depth":169,"text":127797},{"id":124479,"depth":120,"text":124480},{"id":128030,"depth":120,"text":128031},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771,"children":128780},[128781,128782,128783,128785],{"id":128210,"depth":169,"text":128211},{"id":128288,"depth":169,"text":128289},{"id":128385,"depth":169,"text":128784},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128473,"depth":169,"text":128786},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":128788},[128789,128791,128793,128795],{"id":128676,"depth":169,"text":128790},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128689,"depth":169,"text":128792},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128701,"depth":169,"text":128794},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128715,"depth":169,"text":128796},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126883,"description":128798},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128805,"title":128806,"body":128807,"description":130475,"extension":2697,"meta":130476,"navigation":272,"path":130477,"seo":130478,"stem":130479,"__hash__":130480},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128808,"toc":130448},[128809,128814,128819,128824,128829,128922,128932,128937,128942,128957,128959,129041,129049,129051,129053,129080,129082,129098,129105,129107,129215,129217,129222,129238,129240,129335,129343,129346,129352,129357,129362,129369,129508,129511,129524,129526,129530,129537,129607,129610,129659,129666,129673,129687,129692,129697,129743,129789,129805,129807,129812,129826,129829,129951,129956,129958,129963,129996,129999,130075,130077,130086,130100,130103,130187,130190,130301,130304,130332,130334,130341,130345,130351,130354,130360,130363,130370,130381,130387,130394,130396,130445],[10,128810,123833,128812,12011],{"id":128811},"python-string-find-method",[15,128813,124828],{},[20,128815,123838,128816,128818],{},[15,128817,124828],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128820,128821,128822,537],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128823,66332],{},[20,128825,1378,128826,128828],{},[15,128827,124828],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[60,128830,128832],{"className":62,"code":128831,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128833,128834,128846,128869,128882,128886,128909],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,128835,128836,128838,128840,128842,128844],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,128837,35378],{"class":75},[69,128839,80],{"class":79},[69,128841,881],{"class":699},[69,128843,60883],{"class":703},[69,128845,4079],{"class":699},[69,128847,128848,128850,128852,128854,128856,128859,128861,128863,128865,128867],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,128849,65397],{"class":75},[69,128851,80],{"class":79},[69,128853,43312],{"class":75},[69,128855,537],{"class":83},[69,128857,128858],{"class":146},"find",[69,128860,132],{"class":83},[69,128862,871],{"class":699},[69,128864,61068],{"class":703},[69,128866,871],{"class":699},[69,128868,166],{"class":83},[69,128870,128871,128873,128875,128877,128879],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,128872,172],{"class":128},[69,128874,132],{"class":83},[69,128876,65424],{"class":146},[69,128878,938],{"class":83},[69,128880,128881],{"class":189},"   # 6\n",[69,128883,128884],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,128885,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,128887,128888,128891,128893,128895,128897,128899,128901,128903,128905,128907],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,128889,128890],{"class":75},"missing ",[69,128892,80],{"class":79},[69,128894,43312],{"class":75},[69,128896,537],{"class":83},[69,128898,128858],{"class":146},[69,128900,132],{"class":83},[69,128902,871],{"class":699},[69,128904,64],{"class":703},[69,128906,871],{"class":699},[69,128908,166],{"class":83},[69,128910,128911,128913,128915,128917,128919],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,128912,172],{"class":128},[69,128914,132],{"class":83},[69,128916,27461],{"class":146},[69,128918,938],{"class":83},[69,128920,128921],{"class":189},"    # -1\n",[44051,128923,128924],{},[20,128925,1378,128926,128928,128929,128931],{},[15,128927,124828],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128930,66332],{}," if the substring is not found.",[55,128933,202,128935,205],{"id":128934},"what-find-does",[15,128936,124828],{},[20,128938,128939,128941],{},[15,128940,124828],{}," is a string method that:",[29,128943,128944,128947,128950,128955],{},[32,128945,128946],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[32,128948,128949],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[32,128951,12113,128952,128954],{},[15,128953,66332],{}," if no match is found",[32,128956,127019],{},[20,128958,234],{},[60,128960,128962],{"className":62,"code":128961,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128963,128964,128976,128980,129004,129028],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,128965,128966,128968,128970,128972,128974],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,128967,35378],{"class":75},[69,128969,80],{"class":79},[69,128971,881],{"class":699},[69,128973,893],{"class":703},[69,128975,4079],{"class":699},[69,128977,128978],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,128979,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,128981,128982,128984,128986,128988,128990,128992,128994,128996,128998,129000,129002],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,128983,172],{"class":128},[69,128985,132],{"class":83},[69,128987,35399],{"class":146},[69,128989,537],{"class":83},[69,128991,128858],{"class":146},[69,128993,132],{"class":83},[69,128995,871],{"class":699},[69,128997,123926],{"class":703},[69,128999,871],{"class":699},[69,129001,186],{"class":83},[69,129003,58121],{"class":189},[69,129005,129006,129008,129010,129012,129014,129016,129018,129020,129022,129024,129026],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,129007,172],{"class":128},[69,129009,132],{"class":83},[69,129011,35399],{"class":146},[69,129013,537],{"class":83},[69,129015,128858],{"class":146},[69,129017,132],{"class":83},[69,129019,871],{"class":699},[69,129021,2904],{"class":703},[69,129023,871],{"class":699},[69,129025,186],{"class":83},[69,129027,128921],{"class":189},[69,129029,129030,129032,129034,129036,129038],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,129031,172],{"class":128},[69,129033,132],{"class":83},[69,129035,35399],{"class":146},[69,129037,938],{"class":83},[69,129039,129040],{"class":189},"              # banana\n",[20,129042,1168,129043,129046,129047,537],{},[15,129044,129045],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,129048,1155],{},[55,129050,2888],{"id":2887},[20,129052,354],{},[60,129054,129056],{"className":62,"code":129055,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,129057,129058],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,129059,129060,129062,129064,129066,129068,129070,129072,129074,129076,129078],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,129061,61651],{"class":75},[69,129063,537],{"class":83},[69,129065,128858],{"class":146},[69,129067,132],{"class":83},[69,129069,3198],{"class":146},[69,129071,91],{"class":83},[69,129073,36741],{"class":146},[69,129075,91],{"class":83},[69,129077,65518],{"class":146},[69,129079,166],{"class":83},[377,129081,18084],{"id":18083},[29,129083,129084,129088,129093],{},[32,129085,129086,124025],{},[15,129087,3198],{},[32,129089,129090,129092],{},[15,129091,36762],{},": optional starting position",[32,129094,129095,129097],{},[15,129096,53135],{},": optional ending position",[20,129099,129100,5096,129102,129104],{},[15,129101,36762],{},[15,129103,53135],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,129106,127162],{},[60,129108,129110],{"className":62,"code":129109,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,129111,129112,129124,129128,129153,129182],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,129113,129114,129116,129118,129120,129122],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,129115,35378],{"class":75},[69,129117,80],{"class":79},[69,129119,881],{"class":699},[69,129121,60883],{"class":703},[69,129123,4079],{"class":699},[69,129125,129126],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,129127,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,129129,129130,129132,129134,129136,129138,129140,129142,129144,129146,129148,129150],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,129131,172],{"class":128},[69,129133,132],{"class":83},[69,129135,35399],{"class":146},[69,129137,537],{"class":83},[69,129139,128858],{"class":146},[69,129141,132],{"class":83},[69,129143,871],{"class":699},[69,129145,60950],{"class":703},[69,129147,871],{"class":699},[69,129149,186],{"class":83},[69,129151,129152],{"class":189},"        # 4\n",[69,129154,129155,129157,129159,129161,129163,129165,129167,129169,129171,129173,129175,129177,129179],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,129156,172],{"class":128},[69,129158,132],{"class":83},[69,129160,35399],{"class":146},[69,129162,537],{"class":83},[69,129164,128858],{"class":146},[69,129166,132],{"class":83},[69,129168,871],{"class":699},[69,129170,60950],{"class":703},[69,129172,871],{"class":699},[69,129174,91],{"class":83},[69,129176,109],{"class":87},[69,129178,186],{"class":83},[69,129180,129181],{"class":189},"     # 7\n",[69,129183,129184,129186,129188,129190,129192,129194,129196,129198,129200,129202,129204,129206,129208,129210,129212],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,129185,172],{"class":128},[69,129187,132],{"class":83},[69,129189,35399],{"class":146},[69,129191,537],{"class":83},[69,129193,128858],{"class":146},[69,129195,132],{"class":83},[69,129197,871],{"class":699},[69,129199,60950],{"class":703},[69,129201,871],{"class":699},[69,129203,91],{"class":83},[69,129205,109],{"class":87},[69,129207,91],{"class":83},[69,129209,6690],{"class":87},[69,129211,186],{"class":83},[69,129213,129214],{"class":189},"  # -1\n",[55,129216,541],{"id":540},[20,129218,58020,129219,129221],{},[15,129220,124828],{}," is always an integer.",[29,129223,129224,129230,129233],{},[32,129225,129226,129227,129229],{},"A number ",[15,129228,1226],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[32,129231,129232],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[32,129234,129235,129237],{},[15,129236,66332],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,129239,234],{},[60,129241,129243],{"className":62,"code":129242,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,129244,129245,129257,129261,129286,129311],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,129246,129247,129249,129251,129253,129255],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,129248,35378],{"class":75},[69,129250,80],{"class":79},[69,129252,881],{"class":699},[69,129254,64],{"class":703},[69,129256,4079],{"class":699},[69,129258,129259],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,129260,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,129262,129263,129265,129267,129269,129271,129273,129275,129277,129280,129282,129284],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,129264,172],{"class":128},[69,129266,132],{"class":83},[69,129268,35399],{"class":146},[69,129270,537],{"class":83},[69,129272,128858],{"class":146},[69,129274,132],{"class":83},[69,129276,871],{"class":699},[69,129278,129279],{"class":703},"py",[69,129281,871],{"class":699},[69,129283,186],{"class":83},[69,129285,21459],{"class":189},[69,129287,129288,129290,129292,129294,129296,129298,129300,129302,129305,129307,129309],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,129289,172],{"class":128},[69,129291,132],{"class":83},[69,129293,35399],{"class":146},[69,129295,537],{"class":83},[69,129297,128858],{"class":146},[69,129299,132],{"class":83},[69,129301,871],{"class":699},[69,129303,129304],{"class":703},"th",[69,129306,871],{"class":699},[69,129308,186],{"class":83},[69,129310,58121],{"class":189},[69,129312,129313,129315,129317,129319,129321,129323,129325,129327,129329,129331,129333],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,129314,172],{"class":128},[69,129316,132],{"class":83},[69,129318,35399],{"class":146},[69,129320,537],{"class":83},[69,129322,128858],{"class":146},[69,129324,132],{"class":83},[69,129326,871],{"class":699},[69,129328,22766],{"class":703},[69,129330,871],{"class":699},[69,129332,186],{"class":83},[69,129334,128921],{"class":189},[20,129336,90388,129337,9141,129339,394,129341,537],{},[15,129338,124828],{},[15,129340,224],{},[15,129342,230],{},[20,129344,129345],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[55,129347,840,129348,5096,129350],{"id":65884},[15,129349,36762],{},[15,129351,53135],{},[20,129353,1378,129354,129356],{},[15,129355,36762],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,129358,1378,129359,129361],{},[15,129360,53135],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,129363,2714,129364,75940,129366,129368],{},[15,129365,53135],{},[42,129367,65547],{}," in the search.",[60,129370,129372],{"className":62,"code":129371,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,129373,129374,129387,129391,129415,129444,129476],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,129375,129376,129378,129380,129382,129385],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,129377,35378],{"class":75},[69,129379,80],{"class":79},[69,129381,881],{"class":699},[69,129383,129384],{"class":703},"one two three two",[69,129386,4079],{"class":699},[69,129388,129389],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,129390,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,129392,129393,129395,129397,129399,129401,129403,129405,129407,129409,129411,129413],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,129394,172],{"class":128},[69,129396,132],{"class":83},[69,129398,35399],{"class":146},[69,129400,537],{"class":83},[69,129402,128858],{"class":146},[69,129404,132],{"class":83},[69,129406,871],{"class":699},[69,129408,79749],{"class":703},[69,129410,871],{"class":699},[69,129412,186],{"class":83},[69,129414,129152],{"class":189},[69,129416,129417,129419,129421,129423,129425,129427,129429,129431,129433,129435,129437,129439,129441],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,129418,172],{"class":128},[69,129420,132],{"class":83},[69,129422,35399],{"class":146},[69,129424,537],{"class":83},[69,129426,128858],{"class":146},[69,129428,132],{"class":83},[69,129430,871],{"class":699},[69,129432,79749],{"class":703},[69,129434,871],{"class":699},[69,129436,91],{"class":83},[69,129438,109],{"class":87},[69,129440,186],{"class":83},[69,129442,129443],{"class":189},"     # 14\n",[69,129445,129446,129448,129450,129452,129454,129456,129458,129460,129462,129464,129466,129468,129470,129472,129474],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,129447,172],{"class":128},[69,129449,132],{"class":83},[69,129451,35399],{"class":146},[69,129453,537],{"class":83},[69,129455,128858],{"class":146},[69,129457,132],{"class":83},[69,129459,871],{"class":699},[69,129461,79749],{"class":703},[69,129463,871],{"class":699},[69,129465,91],{"class":83},[69,129467,158],{"class":87},[69,129469,91],{"class":83},[69,129471,6690],{"class":87},[69,129473,186],{"class":83},[69,129475,51409],{"class":189},[69,129477,129478,129480,129482,129484,129486,129488,129490,129492,129494,129496,129498,129500,129502,129504,129506],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,129479,172],{"class":128},[69,129481,132],{"class":83},[69,129483,35399],{"class":146},[69,129485,537],{"class":83},[69,129487,128858],{"class":146},[69,129489,132],{"class":83},[69,129491,871],{"class":699},[69,129493,79749],{"class":703},[69,129495,871],{"class":699},[69,129497,91],{"class":83},[69,129499,158],{"class":87},[69,129501,91],{"class":83},[69,129503,104],{"class":87},[69,129505,186],{"class":83},[69,129507,129214],{"class":189},[20,129509,129510],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,129512,129513,129514,55544,129518,537],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[533,129515,129517],{"href":129516},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[533,129519,129521,129523],{"href":129520},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,129522,61008],{}," string method",[55,129525,124480],{"id":124479},[20,129527,129528,124291],{},[15,129529,124828],{},[20,129531,127878,129532,5096,129534,129536],{},[15,129533,90896],{},[15,129535,65012],{}," are treated as different text.",[60,129538,129540],{"className":62,"code":129539,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,129541,129542,129555,129559,129583],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,129543,129544,129546,129548,129550,129553],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,129545,35378],{"class":75},[69,129547,80],{"class":79},[69,129549,881],{"class":699},[69,129551,129552],{"class":703},"Hello World",[69,129554,4079],{"class":699},[69,129556,129557],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,129558,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,129560,129561,129563,129565,129567,129569,129571,129573,129575,129577,129579,129581],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,129562,172],{"class":128},[69,129564,132],{"class":83},[69,129566,35399],{"class":146},[69,129568,537],{"class":83},[69,129570,128858],{"class":146},[69,129572,132],{"class":83},[69,129574,871],{"class":699},[69,129576,35555],{"class":703},[69,129578,871],{"class":699},[69,129580,186],{"class":83},[69,129582,51721],{"class":189},[69,129584,129585,129587,129589,129591,129593,129595,129597,129599,129601,129603,129605],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,129586,172],{"class":128},[69,129588,132],{"class":83},[69,129590,35399],{"class":146},[69,129592,537],{"class":83},[69,129594,128858],{"class":146},[69,129596,132],{"class":83},[69,129598,871],{"class":699},[69,129600,1275],{"class":703},[69,129602,871],{"class":699},[69,129604,186],{"class":83},[69,129606,129214],{"class":189},[20,129608,129609],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[60,129611,129613],{"className":62,"code":129612,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129614,129615,129627,129631],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,129616,129617,129619,129621,129623,129625],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,129618,35378],{"class":75},[69,129620,80],{"class":79},[69,129622,881],{"class":699},[69,129624,129552],{"class":703},[69,129626,4079],{"class":699},[69,129628,129629],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,129630,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,129632,129633,129635,129637,129639,129641,129643,129645,129647,129649,129651,129653,129655,129657],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,129634,172],{"class":128},[69,129636,132],{"class":83},[69,129638,35399],{"class":146},[69,129640,537],{"class":83},[69,129642,9326],{"class":146},[69,129644,9323],{"class":83},[69,129646,128858],{"class":146},[69,129648,132],{"class":83},[69,129650,871],{"class":699},[69,129652,1275],{"class":703},[69,129654,871],{"class":699},[69,129656,186],{"class":83},[69,129658,51721],{"class":189},[55,129660,129662,11272,129664],{"id":129661},"find-vs-index",[15,129663,124828],{},[15,129665,59444],{},[20,129667,129668,5096,129670,129672],{},[15,129669,124828],{},[15,129671,59444],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[29,129674,129675,129681],{},[32,129676,129677,1172,129679],{},[15,129678,124828],{},[15,129680,66332],{},[32,129682,129683,52969,129685],{},[15,129684,59444],{},[15,129686,41173],{},[20,129688,1378,129689,129691],{},[15,129690,124828],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129693,1378,129694,129696],{},[15,129695,59444],{}," when the value must exist.",[60,129698,129700],{"className":62,"code":129699,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129701,129702,129714,129718],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,129703,129704,129706,129708,129710,129712],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,129705,35378],{"class":75},[69,129707,80],{"class":79},[69,129709,881],{"class":699},[69,129711,1275],{"class":703},[69,129713,4079],{"class":699},[69,129715,129716],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,129717,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,129719,129720,129722,129724,129726,129728,129730,129732,129734,129736,129738,129740],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,129721,172],{"class":128},[69,129723,132],{"class":83},[69,129725,35399],{"class":146},[69,129727,537],{"class":83},[69,129729,128858],{"class":146},[69,129731,132],{"class":83},[69,129733,871],{"class":699},[69,129735,2904],{"class":703},[69,129737,871],{"class":699},[69,129739,186],{"class":83},[69,129741,129742],{"class":189},"   # -1\n",[60,129744,129746],{"className":62,"code":129745,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129747,129748,129760,129764],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,129749,129750,129752,129754,129756,129758],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,129751,35378],{"class":75},[69,129753,80],{"class":79},[69,129755,881],{"class":699},[69,129757,1275],{"class":703},[69,129759,4079],{"class":699},[69,129761,129762],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,129763,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,129765,129766,129768,129770,129772,129774,129776,129778,129780,129782,129784,129786],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,129767,172],{"class":128},[69,129769,132],{"class":83},[69,129771,35399],{"class":146},[69,129773,537],{"class":83},[69,129775,36535],{"class":146},[69,129777,132],{"class":83},[69,129779,871],{"class":699},[69,129781,2904],{"class":703},[69,129783,871],{"class":699},[69,129785,186],{"class":83},[69,129787,129788],{"class":189},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129790,129791,129792,129796,129797,129799,129800,537],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[533,129793,129794,129523],{"href":124853},[15,129795,59444],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129798,59444],{},", read ",[533,129801,26367,129802],{"href":73960},[15,129803,129804],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[55,129806,41515],{"id":41514},[20,129808,36094,129809,129811],{},[15,129810,124828],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[29,129813,129814,129817,129820,129823],{},[32,129815,129816],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[32,129818,129819],{},"Get the position of a word",[32,129821,129822],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[32,129824,129825],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129827,129828],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[60,129830,129832],{"className":62,"code":129831,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129833,129834,129847,129870,129874,129889,129905,129924,129938],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,129835,129836,129838,129840,129842,129845],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,129837,35378],{"class":75},[69,129839,80],{"class":79},[69,129841,881],{"class":699},[69,129843,129844],{"class":703},"name:Alice",[69,129846,4079],{"class":699},[69,129848,129849,129852,129854,129856,129858,129860,129862,129864,129866,129868],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,129850,129851],{"class":75},"colon_pos ",[69,129853,80],{"class":79},[69,129855,43312],{"class":75},[69,129857,537],{"class":83},[69,129859,128858],{"class":146},[69,129861,132],{"class":83},[69,129863,871],{"class":699},[69,129865,143],{"class":703},[69,129867,871],{"class":699},[69,129869,166],{"class":83},[69,129871,129872],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,129873,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,129875,129876,129878,129881,129883,129885,129887],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,129877,1712],{"class":1053},[69,129879,129880],{"class":75}," colon_pos ",[69,129882,73070],{"class":79},[69,129884,1979],{"class":79},[69,129886,88],{"class":87},[69,129888,1579],{"class":83},[69,129890,129891,129894,129896,129898,129900,129903],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,129892,129893],{"class":75},"    label ",[69,129895,80],{"class":79},[69,129897,43312],{"class":75},[69,129899,76013],{"class":83},[69,129901,129902],{"class":75},"colon_pos",[69,129904,117],{"class":83},[69,129906,129907,129909,129911,129913,129915,129917,129919,129921],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,129908,28089],{"class":75},[69,129910,80],{"class":79},[69,129912,43312],{"class":75},[69,129914,331],{"class":83},[69,129916,129851],{"class":75},[69,129918,2792],{"class":79},[69,129920,1263],{"class":87},[69,129922,129923],{"class":83},":]\n",[69,129925,129926,129928,129930,129933,129935],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,129927,8756],{"class":128},[69,129929,132],{"class":83},[69,129931,129932],{"class":146},"label",[69,129934,938],{"class":83},[69,129936,129937],{"class":189},"  # name\n",[69,129939,129940,129942,129944,129946,129948],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,129941,8756],{"class":128},[69,129943,132],{"class":83},[69,129945,3198],{"class":146},[69,129947,938],{"class":83},[69,129949,129950],{"class":189},"  # Alice\n",[20,129952,129953,129954,537],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[533,129955,127869],{"href":124088},[55,129957,1771],{"id":1770},[20,129959,129960,129961,143],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129962,124828],{},[29,129964,129965,129974,129980,129985,129991],{},[32,129966,1780,129967,9141,129969,394,129971,129973],{},[15,129968,124828],{},[15,129970,224],{},[15,129972,230],{}," instead of an index",[32,129975,129976,129977,129979],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129978,66332],{}," when the substring is missing",[32,129981,840,129982,129984],{},[15,129983,124828],{}," without handling case differences",[32,129986,2309,129987,843,129989],{},[15,129988,124828],{},[15,129990,59444],{},[32,129992,5283,129993,129995],{},[15,129994,124828],{}," changes the string",[20,129997,129998],{},"Example of a mistake:",[60,130000,130002],{"className":62,"code":130001,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,130003,130004,130016,130020,130040,130055,130061],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130005,130006,130008,130010,130012,130014],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130007,35378],{"class":75},[69,130009,80],{"class":79},[69,130011,881],{"class":699},[69,130013,1275],{"class":703},[69,130015,4079],{"class":699},[69,130017,130018],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,130019,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,130021,130022,130024,130026,130028,130030,130032,130034,130036,130038],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,130023,1712],{"class":1053},[69,130025,43312],{"class":75},[69,130027,537],{"class":83},[69,130029,128858],{"class":146},[69,130031,132],{"class":83},[69,130033,871],{"class":699},[69,130035,60915],{"class":703},[69,130037,871],{"class":699},[69,130039,1048],{"class":83},[69,130041,130042,130044,130046,130048,130051,130053],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,130043,8756],{"class":128},[69,130045,132],{"class":83},[69,130047,871],{"class":699},[69,130049,130050],{"class":703},"Found",[69,130052,871],{"class":699},[69,130054,166],{"class":83},[69,130056,130057,130059],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,130058,28122],{"class":1053},[69,130060,1579],{"class":83},[69,130062,130063,130065,130067,130069,130071,130073],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,130064,8756],{"class":128},[69,130066,132],{"class":83},[69,130068,871],{"class":699},[69,130070,27003],{"class":703},[69,130072,871],{"class":699},[69,130074,166],{"class":83},[20,130076,100394],{},[60,130078,130080],{"className":62,"code":130079,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Not found\n",[15,130081,130082],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130083,130084],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130085,130079],{"class":75},[20,130087,46175,130088,130091,130092,2574,130094,130096,130097,130099],{},[15,130089,130090],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,130093,1226],{},[15,130095,1226],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,130098,1712],{}," statement.",[20,130101,130102],{},"A safer version is:",[60,130104,130106],{"className":62,"code":130105,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,130107,130108,130120,130124,130153,130167,130173],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130109,130110,130112,130114,130116,130118],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130111,35378],{"class":75},[69,130113,80],{"class":79},[69,130115,881],{"class":699},[69,130117,1275],{"class":703},[69,130119,4079],{"class":699},[69,130121,130122],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,130123,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,130125,130126,130128,130130,130132,130134,130136,130138,130140,130142,130144,130147,130149,130151],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,130127,1712],{"class":1053},[69,130129,43312],{"class":75},[69,130131,537],{"class":83},[69,130133,128858],{"class":146},[69,130135,132],{"class":83},[69,130137,871],{"class":699},[69,130139,60915],{"class":703},[69,130141,871],{"class":699},[69,130143,938],{"class":83},[69,130145,130146],{"class":79}," !=",[69,130148,1979],{"class":79},[69,130150,88],{"class":87},[69,130152,1579],{"class":83},[69,130154,130155,130157,130159,130161,130163,130165],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,130156,8756],{"class":128},[69,130158,132],{"class":83},[69,130160,871],{"class":699},[69,130162,130050],{"class":703},[69,130164,871],{"class":699},[69,130166,166],{"class":83},[69,130168,130169,130171],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,130170,28122],{"class":1053},[69,130172,1579],{"class":83},[69,130174,130175,130177,130179,130181,130183,130185],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,130176,8756],{"class":128},[69,130178,132],{"class":83},[69,130180,871],{"class":699},[69,130182,27003],{"class":703},[69,130184,871],{"class":699},[69,130186,166],{"class":83},[20,130188,130189],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[60,130191,130193],{"className":62,"code":130192,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,130194,130195,130217,130231,130257,130271],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130196,130197,130199,130201,130203,130205,130207,130209,130211,130213,130215],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130198,172],{"class":128},[69,130200,132],{"class":83},[69,130202,35399],{"class":146},[69,130204,537],{"class":83},[69,130206,128858],{"class":146},[69,130208,132],{"class":83},[69,130210,706],{"class":699},[69,130212,935],{"class":703},[69,130214,706],{"class":699},[69,130216,318],{"class":83},[69,130218,130219,130221,130223,130225,130227,130229],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,130220,172],{"class":128},[69,130222,132],{"class":83},[69,130224,42249],{"class":128},[69,130226,132],{"class":83},[69,130228,35399],{"class":146},[69,130230,318],{"class":83},[69,130232,130233,130235,130237,130239,130241,130243,130245,130247,130249,130251,130253,130255],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,130234,172],{"class":128},[69,130236,132],{"class":83},[69,130238,35399],{"class":146},[69,130240,537],{"class":83},[69,130242,9326],{"class":146},[69,130244,9323],{"class":83},[69,130246,128858],{"class":146},[69,130248,132],{"class":83},[69,130250,706],{"class":699},[69,130252,935],{"class":703},[69,130254,706],{"class":699},[69,130256,318],{"class":83},[69,130258,130259,130261,130263,130265,130267,130269],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,130260,172],{"class":128},[69,130262,132],{"class":83},[69,130264,11850],{"class":128},[69,130266,132],{"class":83},[69,130268,35399],{"class":146},[69,130270,318],{"class":83},[69,130272,130273,130275,130277,130279,130281,130283,130285,130287,130289,130291,130293,130295,130297,130299],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,130274,172],{"class":128},[69,130276,132],{"class":83},[69,130278,35399],{"class":146},[69,130280,537],{"class":83},[69,130282,128858],{"class":146},[69,130284,132],{"class":83},[69,130286,706],{"class":699},[69,130288,935],{"class":703},[69,130290,706],{"class":699},[69,130292,91],{"class":83},[69,130294,36741],{"class":146},[69,130296,91],{"class":83},[69,130298,65518],{"class":146},[69,130300,318],{"class":83},[20,130302,130303],{},"These help you check:",[29,130305,130306,130311,130316,130321,130324],{},[32,130307,130308,130309],{},"The actual result from ",[15,130310,124828],{},[32,130312,130313,130314],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,130315,123047],{},[32,130317,130318,130319],{},"Case differences with ",[15,130320,124563],{},[32,130322,130323],{},"The string length",[32,130325,130326,130327,5096,130329,130331],{},"Whether your ",[15,130328,36762],{},[15,130330,53135],{}," values are correct",[55,130333,2519],{"id":2518},[377,130335,130337,130338,130340],{"id":130336},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,130339,124828],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,130342,5849,130343,537],{},[15,130344,66332],{},[377,130346,2523,130348,130350],{"id":130347},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,130349,124828],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,130352,130353],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[377,130355,130357,130358,125169],{"id":130356},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,130359,124828],{},[20,130361,130362],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[377,130364,5881,130366,5096,130368,70133],{"id":130365},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,130367,124828],{},[15,130369,59444],{},[20,130371,130372,1172,130374,130376,130377,52969,130379,537],{},[15,130373,124828],{},[15,130375,66332],{}," if not found, while ",[15,130378,59444],{},[15,130380,41173],{},[377,130382,2551,130384,130386],{"id":130383},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,130385,124828],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,130388,130389,130390,5096,130392,66631],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,130391,36762],{},[15,130393,53135],{},[55,130395,2620],{"id":2619},[29,130397,130398,130404,130410,130417,130423,130430,130434,130439],{},[32,130399,130400],{},[533,130401,126833,130402,11428],{"href":124853},[15,130403,59444],{},[32,130405,130406],{},[533,130407,126833,130408,11428],{"href":129520},[15,130409,61008],{},[32,130411,130412],{},[533,130413,126833,130415,11428],{"href":130414},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,130416,125004],{},[32,130418,130419],{},[533,130420,126833,130421,11428],{"href":128198},[15,130422,128201],{},[32,130424,130425],{},[533,130426,126833,130428,11428],{"href":130427},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,130429,126891],{},[32,130431,130432],{},[533,130433,125232],{"href":124088},[32,130435,130436],{},[533,130437,130438],{"href":129516},"How to split a string in Python",[32,130440,130441],{},[533,130442,26810,130443],{"href":73960},[15,130444,129804],{},[2650,130446,130447],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":130449},[130450,130452,130455,130456,130457,130458,130460,130461,130462,130474],{"id":128934,"depth":120,"text":130451},"What find() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888,"children":130453},[130454],{"id":18083,"depth":169,"text":18084},{"id":540,"depth":120,"text":541},{"id":65884,"depth":120,"text":66667},{"id":124479,"depth":120,"text":124480},{"id":129661,"depth":120,"text":130459},"find() vs index()",{"id":41514,"depth":120,"text":41515},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":130463},[130464,130466,130468,130470,130472],{"id":130336,"depth":169,"text":130465},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":130347,"depth":169,"text":130467},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":130356,"depth":169,"text":130469},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":130365,"depth":169,"text":130471},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":130383,"depth":169,"text":130473},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128806,"description":130475},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130482,"title":130483,"body":130484,"description":132410,"extension":2697,"meta":132411,"navigation":272,"path":132412,"seo":132413,"stem":132414,"__hash__":132415},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130485,"toc":132378},[130486,130491,130496,130499,130501,130577,130581,130609,130617,130621,130626,130630,130647,130649,130716,130720,130742,130750,130752,130755,130779,130782,130796,130798,130883,130887,130899,130902,130906,130912,130962,130966,130983,130992,130995,131003,131006,131055,131059,131084,131087,131142,131146,131158,131164,131168,131174,131179,131246,131250,131276,131279,131290,131292,131359,131363,131388,131395,131399,131404,131411,131419,131421,131473,131477,131495,131497,131542,131546,131561,131564,131574,131581,131583,131587,131590,131601,131603,131663,131667,131695,131698,131704,131709,131712,131716,131760,131763,131801,131804,131812,131814,131819,131823,131826,131874,131877,131880,131936,131940,131945,131948,131997,131999,132048,132054,132059,132061,132108,132112,132125,132127,132178,132184,132187,132191,132194,132200,132205,132207,132210,132282,132285,132302,132304,132309,132312,132316,132322,132328,132335,132341,132347,132349,132375],[10,130487,123833,130489,12011],{"id":130488},"python-string-format-method",[15,130490,126836],{},[20,130492,123838,130493,130495],{},[15,130494,126836],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,130497,130498],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[55,130500,58],{"id":57},[60,130502,130504],{"className":62,"code":130503,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,130505,130506,130518,130526,130530,130567],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130507,130508,130510,130512,130514,130516],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130509,8563],{"class":75},[69,130511,80],{"class":79},[69,130513,881],{"class":699},[69,130515,12199],{"class":703},[69,130517,4079],{"class":699},[69,130519,130520,130522,130524],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,130521,22318],{"class":75},[69,130523,80],{"class":79},[69,130525,89277],{"class":87},[69,130527,130528],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,130529,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,130531,130532,130534,130536,130538,130541,130543,130546,130548,130550,130552,130554,130557,130559,130561,130563,130565],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,130533,90485],{"class":75},[69,130535,80],{"class":79},[69,130537,881],{"class":699},[69,130539,130540],{"class":703},"My name is ",[69,130542,4505],{"class":87},[69,130544,130545],{"class":703}," and I am ",[69,130547,4505],{"class":87},[69,130549,122829],{"class":703},[69,130551,871],{"class":699},[69,130553,537],{"class":83},[69,130555,130556],{"class":146},"format",[69,130558,132],{"class":83},[69,130560,8356],{"class":146},[69,130562,91],{"class":83},[69,130564,9875],{"class":146},[69,130566,166],{"class":83},[69,130568,130569,130571,130573,130575],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,130570,172],{"class":128},[69,130572,132],{"class":83},[69,130574,90502],{"class":146},[69,130576,166],{"class":83},[20,130578,130579],{},[42,130580,321],{},[60,130582,130584],{"className":62,"code":130583,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130585,130586],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130587,130588,130591,130593,130596,130599,130602,130605,130607],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130589,130590],{"class":75},"My name ",[69,130592,12885],{"class":79},[69,130594,130595],{"class":75}," Maya ",[69,130597,130598],{"class":79},"and",[69,130600,130601],{"class":75}," I am ",[69,130603,130604],{"class":87},"12",[69,130606,122862],{"class":75},[69,130608,122865],{"class":83},[20,130610,1378,130611,130613,130614,130616],{},[15,130612,4505],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130615,126836],{}," in the same order.",[20,130618,125585,130619,537],{},[533,130620,125588],{"href":51449},[55,130622,13688,130624,13691],{"id":130623},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130625,126836],{},[20,130627,2714,130628,12102],{},[15,130629,126836],{},[29,130631,130632,130635,130641,130644],{},[32,130633,130634],{},"inserts values into a string",[32,130636,130637,130638,130640],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130639,4505],{}," with given values",[32,130642,130643],{},"returns a new string",[32,130645,130646],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130648,234],{},[60,130650,130652],{"className":62,"code":130651,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130653,130654,130668,130691,130695,130706],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130655,130656,130658,130660,130662,130664,130666],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130657,35378],{"class":75},[69,130659,80],{"class":79},[69,130661,881],{"class":699},[69,130663,45373],{"class":703},[69,130665,4505],{"class":87},[69,130667,4079],{"class":699},[69,130669,130670,130673,130675,130677,130679,130681,130683,130685,130687,130689],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,130671,130672],{"class":75},"new_text ",[69,130674,80],{"class":79},[69,130676,43312],{"class":75},[69,130678,537],{"class":83},[69,130680,130556],{"class":146},[69,130682,132],{"class":83},[69,130684,871],{"class":699},[69,130686,8365],{"class":703},[69,130688,871],{"class":699},[69,130690,166],{"class":83},[69,130692,130693],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,130694,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,130696,130697,130699,130701,130704],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,130698,172],{"class":128},[69,130700,132],{"class":83},[69,130702,130703],{"class":146},"new_text",[69,130705,166],{"class":83},[69,130707,130708,130710,130712,130714],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,130709,172],{"class":128},[69,130711,132],{"class":83},[69,130713,35399],{"class":146},[69,130715,166],{"class":83},[20,130717,130718],{},[42,130719,321],{},[60,130721,130723],{"className":62,"code":130722,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130724,130725,130734],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130726,130727,130729,130731],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130728,35555],{"class":75},[69,130730,91],{"class":83},[69,130732,130733],{"class":75}," Sam\n",[69,130735,130736,130738,130740],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,130737,35555],{"class":75},[69,130739,91],{"class":83},[69,130741,10524],{"class":83},[20,130743,3013,130744,130746,130747,130749],{},[15,130745,35399],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130748,126836],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[55,130751,2888],{"id":2887},[20,130753,130754],{},"The general form is:",[60,130756,130758],{"className":62,"code":130757,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130759,130760],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130761,130762,130764,130767,130769,130771,130773,130775,130777],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130763,871],{"class":43799},[69,130765,130766],{"class":43803},"text {}",[69,130768,871],{"class":43799},[69,130770,537],{"class":83},[69,130772,130556],{"class":146},[69,130774,132],{"class":83},[69,130776,3198],{"class":146},[69,130778,166],{"class":83},[20,130780,130781],{},"Key idea:",[29,130783,130784,130790,130793],{},[32,130785,130786,130787,130789],{},"each ",[15,130788,4505],{}," is a placeholder",[32,130791,130792],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[32,130794,130795],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130797,234],{},[60,130799,130801],{"className":62,"code":130800,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130802,130803,130816,130830,130834,130872],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130804,130805,130808,130810,130812,130814],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130806,130807],{"class":75},"animal ",[69,130809,80],{"class":79},[69,130811,881],{"class":699},[69,130813,37738],{"class":703},[69,130815,4079],{"class":699},[69,130817,130818,130821,130823,130825,130828],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,130819,130820],{"class":75},"sound ",[69,130822,80],{"class":79},[69,130824,881],{"class":699},[69,130826,130827],{"class":703},"meow",[69,130829,4079],{"class":699},[69,130831,130832],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,130833,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,130835,130836,130839,130841,130843,130845,130847,130850,130852,130854,130856,130858,130860,130862,130865,130867,130870],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,130837,130838],{"class":75},"sentence ",[69,130840,80],{"class":79},[69,130842,881],{"class":699},[69,130844,2714],{"class":703},[69,130846,4505],{"class":87},[69,130848,130849],{"class":703}," says ",[69,130851,4505],{"class":87},[69,130853,537],{"class":703},[69,130855,871],{"class":699},[69,130857,537],{"class":83},[69,130859,130556],{"class":146},[69,130861,132],{"class":83},[69,130863,130864],{"class":146},"animal",[69,130866,91],{"class":83},[69,130868,130869],{"class":146}," sound",[69,130871,166],{"class":83},[69,130873,130874,130876,130878,130881],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,130875,172],{"class":128},[69,130877,132],{"class":83},[69,130879,130880],{"class":146},"sentence",[69,130882,166],{"class":83},[20,130884,130885],{},[42,130886,321],{},[60,130888,130890],{"className":62,"code":130889,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130891,130892],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130893,130894,130897],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130895,130896],{"class":75},"The cat says meow",[69,130898,122865],{"class":83},[20,130900,130901],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[55,130903,130905],{"id":130904},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130907,130908,130909,130911],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130910,4505],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[60,130913,130915],{"className":62,"code":130914,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130916,130917],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130918,130919,130921,130923,130925,130928,130930,130932,130934,130936,130938,130940,130942,130944,130946,130949,130951,130953,130955,130958,130960],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130920,172],{"class":128},[69,130922,132],{"class":83},[69,130924,871],{"class":699},[69,130926,130927],{"class":703},"I like ",[69,130929,4505],{"class":87},[69,130931,5096],{"class":703},[69,130933,4505],{"class":87},[69,130935,537],{"class":703},[69,130937,871],{"class":699},[69,130939,537],{"class":83},[69,130941,130556],{"class":146},[69,130943,132],{"class":83},[69,130945,871],{"class":699},[69,130947,130948],{"class":703},"pizza",[69,130950,871],{"class":699},[69,130952,91],{"class":83},[69,130954,881],{"class":699},[69,130956,130957],{"class":703},"pasta",[69,130959,871],{"class":699},[69,130961,318],{"class":83},[20,130963,130964],{},[42,130965,321],{},[60,130967,130969],{"className":62,"code":130968,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130970,130971],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,130972,130973,130976,130978,130981],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,130974,130975],{"class":75},"I like pizza ",[69,130977,130598],{"class":79},[69,130979,130980],{"class":75}," pasta",[69,130982,122865],{"class":83},[20,130984,130985,130986,5096,130989,537],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130987,130988],{},"{0}",[15,130990,130991],{},"{1}",[20,130993,130994],{},"This is helpful when:",[29,130996,130997,131000],{},[32,130998,130999],{},"you want to reuse a value",[32,131001,131002],{},"you want to change the order",[20,131004,131005],{},"Example with reused values:",[60,131007,131009],{"className":62,"code":131008,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131010,131011,131045],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131012,131013,131015,131017,131019,131021,131024,131026,131029,131031,131033,131035,131037,131039,131041,131043],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131014,35378],{"class":75},[69,131016,80],{"class":79},[69,131018,881],{"class":699},[69,131020,130988],{"class":87},[69,131022,131023],{"class":703}," is learning Python. ",[69,131025,130988],{"class":87},[69,131027,131028],{"class":703}," likes coding.",[69,131030,871],{"class":699},[69,131032,537],{"class":83},[69,131034,130556],{"class":146},[69,131036,132],{"class":83},[69,131038,871],{"class":699},[69,131040,20573],{"class":703},[69,131042,871],{"class":699},[69,131044,166],{"class":83},[69,131046,131047,131049,131051,131053],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,131048,172],{"class":128},[69,131050,132],{"class":83},[69,131052,35399],{"class":146},[69,131054,166],{"class":83},[20,131056,131057],{},[42,131058,321],{},[60,131060,131062],{"className":62,"code":131061,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,131063,131064],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131065,131066,131069,131071,131074,131076,131079,131082],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131067,131068],{"class":75},"Lina ",[69,131070,12885],{"class":79},[69,131072,131073],{"class":75}," learning Python",[69,131075,537],{"class":83},[69,131077,131078],{"class":25438}," Lina",[69,131080,131081],{"class":75}," likes coding",[69,131083,122865],{"class":83},[20,131085,131086],{},"Example with changed order:",[60,131088,131090],{"className":62,"code":131089,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131091,131092,131132],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131093,131094,131096,131098,131100,131102,131104,131106,131108,131110,131112,131114,131116,131118,131120,131122,131124,131126,131128,131130],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131095,35378],{"class":75},[69,131097,80],{"class":79},[69,131099,881],{"class":699},[69,131101,130991],{"class":87},[69,131103,83804],{"class":703},[69,131105,130988],{"class":87},[69,131107,537],{"class":703},[69,131109,871],{"class":699},[69,131111,537],{"class":83},[69,131113,130556],{"class":146},[69,131115,132],{"class":83},[69,131117,871],{"class":699},[69,131119,7273],{"class":703},[69,131121,871],{"class":699},[69,131123,91],{"class":83},[69,131125,881],{"class":699},[69,131127,79749],{"class":703},[69,131129,871],{"class":699},[69,131131,166],{"class":83},[69,131133,131134,131136,131138,131140],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,131135,172],{"class":128},[69,131137,132],{"class":83},[69,131139,35399],{"class":146},[69,131141,166],{"class":83},[20,131143,131144],{},[42,131145,321],{},[60,131147,131149],{"className":62,"code":131148,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"two comes after one.\n",[15,131150,131151],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131152,131153,131156],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131154,131155],{"class":75},"two comes after one",[69,131157,122865],{"class":83},[20,131159,131160,131161,131163],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,131162,4505],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[55,131165,131167],{"id":131166},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,131169,131170,131171,537],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,131172,131173],{},"{name}",[20,131175,131176,131177,143],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,131178,126836],{},[60,131180,131182],{"className":62,"code":131181,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131183,131184,131236],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131185,131186,131188,131190,131192,131194,131196,131199,131202,131204,131206,131208,131210,131212,131214,131216,131218,131220,131222,131224,131226,131228,131230,131232,131234],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131187,35378],{"class":75},[69,131189,80],{"class":79},[69,131191,881],{"class":699},[69,131193,130540],{"class":703},[69,131195,131173],{"class":87},[69,131197,131198],{"class":703}," and I live in ",[69,131200,131201],{"class":87},"{city}",[69,131203,537],{"class":703},[69,131205,871],{"class":699},[69,131207,537],{"class":83},[69,131209,130556],{"class":146},[69,131211,132],{"class":83},[69,131213,8356],{"class":9862},[69,131215,80],{"class":79},[69,131217,871],{"class":699},[69,131219,13572],{"class":703},[69,131221,871],{"class":699},[69,131223,91],{"class":83},[69,131225,32074],{"class":9862},[69,131227,80],{"class":79},[69,131229,871],{"class":699},[69,131231,16722],{"class":703},[69,131233,871],{"class":699},[69,131235,166],{"class":83},[69,131237,131238,131240,131242,131244],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,131239,172],{"class":128},[69,131241,132],{"class":83},[69,131243,35399],{"class":146},[69,131245,166],{"class":83},[20,131247,131248],{},[42,131249,321],{},[60,131251,131253],{"className":62,"code":131252,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,131254,131255],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131256,131257,131259,131261,131264,131266,131269,131271,131274],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131258,130590],{"class":75},[69,131260,12885],{"class":79},[69,131262,131263],{"class":75}," Ana ",[69,131265,130598],{"class":79},[69,131267,131268],{"class":75}," I live ",[69,131270,1574],{"class":79},[69,131272,131273],{"class":75}," Lima",[69,131275,122865],{"class":83},[20,131277,131278],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[29,131280,131281,131284,131287],{},[32,131282,131283],{},"they make code easier to read",[32,131285,131286],{},"they help when a string has many values",[32,131288,131289],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,131291,234],{},[60,131293,131295],{"className":62,"code":131294,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,131296,131297,131349],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131298,131299,131302,131304,131306,131309,131312,131315,131318,131320,131322,131324,131326,131328,131330,131332,131335,131337,131339,131342,131344,131347],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131300,131301],{"class":75},"report ",[69,131303,80],{"class":79},[69,131305,881],{"class":699},[69,131307,131308],{"class":703},"Student: ",[69,131310,131311],{"class":87},"{student}",[69,131313,131314],{"class":703},", Score: ",[69,131316,131317],{"class":87},"{score}",[69,131319,871],{"class":699},[69,131321,537],{"class":83},[69,131323,130556],{"class":146},[69,131325,132],{"class":83},[69,131327,14318],{"class":9862},[69,131329,80],{"class":79},[69,131331,871],{"class":699},[69,131333,131334],{"class":703},"Noah",[69,131336,871],{"class":699},[69,131338,91],{"class":83},[69,131340,131341],{"class":9862}," score",[69,131343,80],{"class":79},[69,131345,131346],{"class":87},"95",[69,131348,166],{"class":83},[69,131350,131351,131353,131355,131357],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,131352,172],{"class":128},[69,131354,132],{"class":83},[69,131356,128546],{"class":146},[69,131358,166],{"class":83},[20,131360,131361],{},[42,131362,321],{},[60,131364,131366],{"className":62,"code":131365,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,131367,131368],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131369,131370,131373,131375,131378,131380,131383,131385],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131371,131372],{"class":75},"Student",[69,131374,143],{"class":83},[69,131376,131377],{"class":75}," Noah",[69,131379,91],{"class":83},[69,131381,131382],{"class":75}," Score",[69,131384,143],{"class":83},[69,131386,131387],{"class":87}," 95\n",[20,131389,131390,131391,537],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[533,131392,13,131393,2515],{"href":42645},[15,131394,48156],{},[55,131396,131398],{"id":131397},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,131400,131401,131403],{},[15,131402,126836],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,131405,131406,131407,131410],{},"A common example is ",[15,131408,131409],{},":.2f",", which means:",[29,131412,131413,131416],{},[32,131414,131415],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[32,131417,131418],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,131420,234],{},[60,131422,131424],{"className":62,"code":131423,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,131425,131426,131434,131463],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131427,131428,131430,131432],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131429,40856],{"class":75},[69,131431,80],{"class":79},[69,131433,49749],{"class":87},[69,131435,131436,131438,131440,131442,131445,131447,131449,131451,131453,131455,131457,131459,131461],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,131437,35378],{"class":75},[69,131439,80],{"class":79},[69,131441,881],{"class":699},[69,131443,131444],{"class":703},"Price: $",[69,131446,9964],{"class":87},[69,131448,131409],{"class":135},[69,131450,22992],{"class":87},[69,131452,871],{"class":699},[69,131454,537],{"class":83},[69,131456,130556],{"class":146},[69,131458,132],{"class":83},[69,131460,25837],{"class":146},[69,131462,166],{"class":83},[69,131464,131465,131467,131469,131471],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,131466,172],{"class":128},[69,131468,132],{"class":83},[69,131470,35399],{"class":146},[69,131472,166],{"class":83},[20,131474,131475],{},[42,131476,321],{},[60,131478,131480],{"className":62,"code":131479,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,131481,131482],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131483,131484,131487,131489,131492],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131485,131486],{"class":75},"Price",[69,131488,143],{"class":83},[69,131490,131491],{"class":38055}," $",[69,131493,131494],{"class":87},"3.50\n",[20,131496,52554],{},[60,131498,131500],{"className":62,"code":131499,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,131501,131502,131512],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131503,131504,131507,131509],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131505,131506],{"class":75},"average ",[69,131508,80],{"class":79},[69,131510,131511],{"class":87}," 91.236\n",[69,131513,131514,131516,131518,131520,131523,131525,131527,131529,131531,131533,131535,131537,131540],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,131515,172],{"class":128},[69,131517,132],{"class":83},[69,131519,871],{"class":699},[69,131521,131522],{"class":703},"Average: ",[69,131524,9964],{"class":87},[69,131526,131409],{"class":135},[69,131528,22992],{"class":87},[69,131530,871],{"class":699},[69,131532,537],{"class":83},[69,131534,130556],{"class":146},[69,131536,132],{"class":83},[69,131538,131539],{"class":146},"average",[69,131541,318],{"class":83},[20,131543,131544],{},[42,131545,321],{},[60,131547,131549],{"className":62,"code":131548,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,131550,131551],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131552,131553,131556,131558],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131554,131555],{"class":75},"Average",[69,131557,143],{"class":83},[69,131559,131560],{"class":87}," 91.24\n",[20,131562,131563],{},"This is useful for:",[29,131565,131566,131568,131571],{},[32,131567,83562],{},[32,131569,131570],{},"averages",[32,131572,131573],{},"percentages",[20,131575,131576,131577,537],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[533,131578,13,131579,3030],{"href":46921},[15,131580,46924],{},[55,131582,18108],{"id":18107},[20,131584,131585,92999],{},[15,131586,126836],{},[20,131588,131589],{},"That means you can:",[29,131591,131592,131595,131598],{},[32,131593,131594],{},"save it in a variable",[32,131596,131597],{},"print it directly",[32,131599,131600],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131602,234],{},[60,131604,131606],{"className":62,"code":131605,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131607,131608,131639,131649],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131609,131610,131612,131614,131616,131618,131620,131622,131624,131626,131628,131630,131632,131635,131637],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131611,90485],{"class":75},[69,131613,80],{"class":79},[69,131615,881],{"class":699},[69,131617,45373],{"class":703},[69,131619,4505],{"class":87},[69,131621,90326],{"class":703},[69,131623,871],{"class":699},[69,131625,537],{"class":83},[69,131627,130556],{"class":146},[69,131629,132],{"class":83},[69,131631,871],{"class":699},[69,131633,131634],{"class":703},"Chris",[69,131636,871],{"class":699},[69,131638,166],{"class":83},[69,131640,131641,131643,131645,131647],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,131642,172],{"class":128},[69,131644,132],{"class":83},[69,131646,90502],{"class":146},[69,131648,166],{"class":83},[69,131650,131651,131653,131655,131657,131659,131661],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,131652,172],{"class":128},[69,131654,132],{"class":83},[69,131656,641],{"class":177},[69,131658,132],{"class":83},[69,131660,90502],{"class":146},[69,131662,318],{"class":83},[20,131664,131665],{},[42,131666,321],{},[60,131668,131670],{"className":62,"code":131669,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131671,131672,131681],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131673,131674,131676,131678],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131675,35555],{"class":75},[69,131677,91],{"class":83},[69,131679,131680],{"class":75}," Chris!\n",[69,131682,131683,131685,131687,131689,131691,131693],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,131684,674],{"class":79},[69,131686,696],{"class":135},[69,131688,700],{"class":699},[69,131690,4164],{"class":703},[69,131692,706],{"class":699},[69,131694,689],{"class":79},[20,131696,131697],{},"The original string is not changed.",[55,131699,131701,131703],{"id":131700},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131702,126836],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131705,131706,131708],{},[15,131707,126836],{}," is a string method.",[20,131710,131711],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131713,46512,131714,143],{},[15,131715,126836],{},[60,131717,131719],{"className":62,"code":131718,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131720,131721,131734],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131722,131723,131725,131727,131729,131732],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131724,8563],{"class":75},[69,131726,80],{"class":79},[69,131728,881],{"class":699},[69,131730,131731],{"class":703},"Rita",[69,131733,4079],{"class":699},[69,131735,131736,131738,131740,131742,131744,131746,131748,131750,131752,131754,131756,131758],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,131737,172],{"class":128},[69,131739,132],{"class":83},[69,131741,871],{"class":699},[69,131743,45373],{"class":703},[69,131745,4505],{"class":87},[69,131747,90326],{"class":703},[69,131749,871],{"class":699},[69,131751,537],{"class":83},[69,131753,130556],{"class":146},[69,131755,132],{"class":83},[69,131757,8356],{"class":146},[69,131759,318],{"class":83},[20,131761,131762],{},"Example with an f-string:",[60,131764,131766],{"className":62,"code":131765,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131767,131768,131780],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131769,131770,131772,131774,131776,131778],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131771,8563],{"class":75},[69,131773,80],{"class":79},[69,131775,881],{"class":699},[69,131777,131731],{"class":703},[69,131779,4079],{"class":699},[69,131781,131782,131784,131786,131788,131790,131792,131794,131796,131799],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,131783,172],{"class":128},[69,131785,132],{"class":83},[69,131787,22983],{"class":135},[69,131789,43817],{"class":703},[69,131791,9964],{"class":87},[69,131793,8356],{"class":146},[69,131795,22992],{"class":87},[69,131797,131798],{"class":703},"!\"",[69,131800,166],{"class":83},[20,131802,131803],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131805,131806,131807,131809,131810,537],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131808,126836],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[533,131811,90171],{"href":90170},[55,131813,1771],{"id":1770},[20,131815,131816,131817,537],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131818,126836],{},[377,131820,131822],{"id":131821},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131824,131825],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[60,131827,131829],{"className":62,"code":131828,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131830,131831,131864],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131832,131833,131835,131837,131839,131841,131843,131846,131848,131850,131852,131854,131856,131858,131860,131862],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131834,35378],{"class":75},[69,131836,80],{"class":79},[69,131838,881],{"class":699},[69,131840,45373],{"class":703},[69,131842,4505],{"class":87},[69,131844,131845],{"class":87}," {}",[69,131847,90326],{"class":703},[69,131849,871],{"class":699},[69,131851,537],{"class":83},[69,131853,130556],{"class":146},[69,131855,132],{"class":83},[69,131857,871],{"class":699},[69,131859,8365],{"class":703},[69,131861,871],{"class":699},[69,131863,166],{"class":83},[69,131865,131866,131868,131870,131872],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,131867,172],{"class":128},[69,131869,132],{"class":83},[69,131871,35399],{"class":146},[69,131873,166],{"class":83},[20,131875,131876],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131878,131879],{},"Fixed version:",[60,131881,131883],{"className":62,"code":131882,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131884,131885,131926],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131886,131887,131889,131891,131893,131895,131897,131899,131901,131903,131905,131907,131909,131911,131913,131915,131917,131919,131922,131924],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131888,35378],{"class":75},[69,131890,80],{"class":79},[69,131892,881],{"class":699},[69,131894,45373],{"class":703},[69,131896,4505],{"class":87},[69,131898,131845],{"class":87},[69,131900,90326],{"class":703},[69,131902,871],{"class":699},[69,131904,537],{"class":83},[69,131906,130556],{"class":146},[69,131908,132],{"class":83},[69,131910,871],{"class":699},[69,131912,8365],{"class":703},[69,131914,871],{"class":699},[69,131916,91],{"class":83},[69,131918,881],{"class":699},[69,131920,131921],{"class":703},"Lee",[69,131923,871],{"class":699},[69,131925,166],{"class":83},[69,131927,131928,131930,131932,131934],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,131929,172],{"class":128},[69,131931,132],{"class":83},[69,131933,35399],{"class":146},[69,131935,166],{"class":83},[377,131937,131939],{"id":131938},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131941,131942,131943,537],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131944,126836],{},[20,131946,131947],{},"Problem:",[60,131949,131951],{"className":62,"code":131950,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131952,131953,131987],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,131954,131955,131957,131959,131961,131963,131965,131967,131969,131971,131973,131975,131977,131979,131981,131983,131985],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,131956,35378],{"class":75},[69,131958,80],{"class":79},[69,131960,881],{"class":699},[69,131962,45373],{"class":703},[69,131964,131173],{"class":87},[69,131966,90326],{"class":703},[69,131968,871],{"class":699},[69,131970,537],{"class":83},[69,131972,130556],{"class":146},[69,131974,132],{"class":83},[69,131976,8672],{"class":9862},[69,131978,80],{"class":79},[69,131980,871],{"class":699},[69,131982,8365],{"class":703},[69,131984,871],{"class":699},[69,131986,166],{"class":83},[69,131988,131989,131991,131993,131995],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,131990,172],{"class":128},[69,131992,132],{"class":83},[69,131994,35399],{"class":146},[69,131996,166],{"class":83},[20,131998,131879],{},[60,132000,132002],{"className":62,"code":132001,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,132003,132004,132038],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,132005,132006,132008,132010,132012,132014,132016,132018,132020,132022,132024,132026,132028,132030,132032,132034,132036],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,132007,35378],{"class":75},[69,132009,80],{"class":79},[69,132011,881],{"class":699},[69,132013,45373],{"class":703},[69,132015,131173],{"class":87},[69,132017,90326],{"class":703},[69,132019,871],{"class":699},[69,132021,537],{"class":83},[69,132023,130556],{"class":146},[69,132025,132],{"class":83},[69,132027,8356],{"class":9862},[69,132029,80],{"class":79},[69,132031,871],{"class":699},[69,132033,8365],{"class":703},[69,132035,871],{"class":699},[69,132037,166],{"class":83},[69,132039,132040,132042,132044,132046],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,132041,172],{"class":128},[69,132043,132],{"class":83},[69,132045,35399],{"class":146},[69,132047,166],{"class":83},[377,132049,1780,132051,132053],{"id":132050},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,132052,126836],{}," to change the original string",[20,132055,132056,132058],{},[15,132057,126836],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,132060,131947],{},[60,132062,132064],{"className":62,"code":132063,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,132065,132066,132080,132098],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,132067,132068,132070,132072,132074,132076,132078],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,132069,35378],{"class":75},[69,132071,80],{"class":79},[69,132073,881],{"class":699},[69,132075,45373],{"class":703},[69,132077,4505],{"class":87},[69,132079,4079],{"class":699},[69,132081,132082,132084,132086,132088,132090,132092,132094,132096],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,132083,35399],{"class":75},[69,132085,537],{"class":83},[69,132087,130556],{"class":146},[69,132089,132],{"class":83},[69,132091,871],{"class":699},[69,132093,8365],{"class":703},[69,132095,871],{"class":699},[69,132097,166],{"class":83},[69,132099,132100,132102,132104,132106],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,132101,172],{"class":128},[69,132103,132],{"class":83},[69,132105,35399],{"class":146},[69,132107,166],{"class":83},[20,132109,132110],{},[42,132111,321],{},[60,132113,132115],{"className":62,"code":132114,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Hello, {}\n",[15,132116,132117],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,132118,132119,132121,132123],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,132120,35555],{"class":75},[69,132122,91],{"class":83},[69,132124,10524],{"class":83},[20,132126,131879],{},[60,132128,132130],{"className":62,"code":132129,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,132131,132132,132146,132168],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,132133,132134,132136,132138,132140,132142,132144],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,132135,35378],{"class":75},[69,132137,80],{"class":79},[69,132139,881],{"class":699},[69,132141,45373],{"class":703},[69,132143,4505],{"class":87},[69,132145,4079],{"class":699},[69,132147,132148,132150,132152,132154,132156,132158,132160,132162,132164,132166],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,132149,35378],{"class":75},[69,132151,80],{"class":79},[69,132153,43312],{"class":75},[69,132155,537],{"class":83},[69,132157,130556],{"class":146},[69,132159,132],{"class":83},[69,132161,871],{"class":699},[69,132163,8365],{"class":703},[69,132165,871],{"class":699},[69,132167,166],{"class":83},[69,132169,132170,132172,132174,132176],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,132171,172],{"class":128},[69,132173,132],{"class":83},[69,132175,35399],{"class":146},[69,132177,166],{"class":83},[377,132179,5408,132181,132183],{"id":132180},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,132182,126836],{}," returns a new string",[20,132185,132186],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[377,132188,132190],{"id":132189},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,132192,132193],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,132195,132196,132197,132199],{},"Use simple ",[15,132198,4505],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,132201,132202,132203,537],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[533,132204,90884],{"href":90883},[55,132206,68373],{"id":68372},[20,132208,132209],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[60,132211,132213],{"className":62,"code":132212,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,132214,132215,132225,132239,132268],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,132216,132217,132219,132221,132223],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,132218,172],{"class":128},[69,132220,132],{"class":83},[69,132222,35399],{"class":146},[69,132224,166],{"class":83},[69,132226,132227,132229,132231,132233,132235,132237],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,132228,172],{"class":128},[69,132230,132],{"class":83},[69,132232,641],{"class":177},[69,132234,132],{"class":83},[69,132236,3198],{"class":146},[69,132238,318],{"class":83},[69,132240,132241,132243,132245,132247,132250,132252,132254,132256,132258,132260,132262,132264,132266],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,132242,172],{"class":128},[69,132244,132],{"class":83},[69,132246,871],{"class":699},[69,132248,132249],{"class":703},"Hello ",[69,132251,4505],{"class":87},[69,132253,871],{"class":699},[69,132255,537],{"class":83},[69,132257,130556],{"class":146},[69,132259,132],{"class":83},[69,132261,871],{"class":699},[69,132263,8365],{"class":703},[69,132265,871],{"class":699},[69,132267,318],{"class":83},[69,132269,132270,132272,132274,132276,132278,132280],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,132271,32842],{"class":128},[69,132273,132],{"class":83},[69,132275,4164],{"class":177},[69,132277,537],{"class":83},[69,132279,130556],{"class":25438},[69,132281,166],{"class":83},[20,132283,132284],{},"Use them to check:",[29,132286,132287,132290,132293,132296],{},[32,132288,132289],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[32,132291,132292],{},"what type your value has",[32,132294,132295],{},"whether a small test example works",[32,132297,132298,132299],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,132300,132301],{},"str.format",[55,132303,2519],{"id":2518},[377,132305,130337,132307,13407],{"id":132306},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,132308,126836],{},[20,132310,132311],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[377,132313,132315],{"id":132314},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,132317,132318,132319,132321],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,132320,4505],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[377,132323,132325,132326,3218],{"id":132324},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,132327,126836],{},[20,132329,132330,132331,132334],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,132332,132333],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[377,132336,15595,132338,132340],{"id":132337},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,132339,126836],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,132342,132343,132344,132346],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,132345,126836],{}," is still useful and common.",[55,132348,2620],{"id":2619},[29,132350,132351,132355,132359,132365,132371],{},[32,132352,132353],{},[533,132354,125588],{"href":51449},[32,132356,132357],{},[533,132358,91161],{"href":90170},[32,132360,132361],{},[533,132362,13,132363,2515],{"href":46921},[15,132364,46924],{},[32,132366,132367],{},[533,132368,13,132369,2515],{"href":42645},[15,132370,48156],{},[32,132372,132373],{},[533,132374,90884],{"href":90883},[2650,132376,132377],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":132379},[132380,132381,132383,132384,132385,132386,132387,132388,132390,132399,132400,132409],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":130623,"depth":120,"text":132382},"What the format() method does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":130904,"depth":120,"text":130905},{"id":131166,"depth":120,"text":131167},{"id":131397,"depth":120,"text":131398},{"id":18107,"depth":120,"text":18108},{"id":131700,"depth":120,"text":132389},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771,"children":132391},[132392,132393,132394,132396,132398],{"id":131821,"depth":169,"text":131822},{"id":131938,"depth":169,"text":131939},{"id":132050,"depth":169,"text":132395},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":132180,"depth":169,"text":132397},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":132189,"depth":169,"text":132190},{"id":68372,"depth":120,"text":68373},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":132401},[132402,132404,132405,132407],{"id":132306,"depth":169,"text":132403},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":132314,"depth":169,"text":132315},{"id":132324,"depth":169,"text":132406},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":132337,"depth":169,"text":132408},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130483,"description":132410},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":132417,"title":132418,"body":132419,"description":133899,"extension":2697,"meta":133900,"navigation":272,"path":133901,"seo":133902,"stem":133903,"__hash__":133904},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":132420,"toc":133871},[132421,132426,132431,132436,132438,132500,132507,132513,132518,132520,132536,132538,132609,132611,132625,132628,132678,132680,132682,132709,132712,132727,132730,132771,132774,132819,132826,132875,132877,132885,132887,132905,132907,133000,133008,133049,133054,133061,133067,133074,133077,133081,133182,133184,133206,133210,133263,133266,133269,133275,133282,133284,133323,133325,133343,133353,133360,133443,133446,133453,133460,133467,133471,133479,133525,133529,133538,133603,133608,133613,133624,133626,133631,133658,133660,133763,133766,133786,133788,133793,133796,133800,133804,133811,133820,133826,133829,133835,133837,133839,133868],[10,132422,123833,132424,12011],{"id":132423},"python-string-index-method",[15,132425,59444],{},[20,132427,123838,132428,132430],{},[15,132429,59444],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,132432,132433,132434,537],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,132435,41173],{},[55,132437,58],{"id":57},[60,132439,132441],{"className":62,"code":132440,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,132442,132443,132455,132477,132487,132491,132495],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,132444,132445,132447,132449,132451,132453],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,132446,35378],{"class":75},[69,132448,80],{"class":79},[69,132450,881],{"class":699},[69,132452,60883],{"class":703},[69,132454,4079],{"class":699},[69,132456,132457,132459,132461,132463,132465,132467,132469,132471,132473,132475],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,132458,65397],{"class":75},[69,132460,80],{"class":79},[69,132462,43312],{"class":75},[69,132464,537],{"class":83},[69,132466,36535],{"class":146},[69,132468,132],{"class":83},[69,132470,871],{"class":699},[69,132472,61068],{"class":703},[69,132474,871],{"class":699},[69,132476,166],{"class":83},[69,132478,132479,132481,132483,132485],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,132480,172],{"class":128},[69,132482,132],{"class":83},[69,132484,65424],{"class":146},[69,132486,166],{"class":83},[69,132488,132489],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,132490,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,132492,132493],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,132494,91302],{"class":189},[69,132496,132497],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,132498,132499],{"class":189},"# 6\n",[20,132501,1378,132502,132504,132505,537],{},[15,132503,59444],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,132506,41173],{},[55,132508,202,132510,205],{"id":132509},"what-strindex-does",[15,132511,132512],{},"str.index()",[20,132514,132515,132517],{},[15,132516,132512],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,132519,13744],{},[29,132521,132522,132525,132528,132531],{},[32,132523,132524],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[32,132526,132527],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[32,132529,132530],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[32,132532,30982,132533,132535],{},[15,132534,41173],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,132537,234],{},[60,132539,132541],{"className":62,"code":132540,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,132542,132543,132555,132559,132584],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,132544,132545,132547,132549,132551,132553],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,132546,35378],{"class":75},[69,132548,80],{"class":79},[69,132550,881],{"class":699},[69,132552,893],{"class":703},[69,132554,4079],{"class":699},[69,132556,132557],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,132558,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,132560,132561,132563,132565,132567,132569,132571,132573,132575,132577,132579,132581],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,132562,172],{"class":128},[69,132564,132],{"class":83},[69,132566,35399],{"class":146},[69,132568,537],{"class":83},[69,132570,36535],{"class":146},[69,132572,132],{"class":83},[69,132574,871],{"class":699},[69,132576,533],{"class":703},[69,132578,871],{"class":699},[69,132580,186],{"class":83},[69,132582,132583],{"class":189},"     # 1\n",[69,132585,132586,132588,132590,132592,132594,132596,132598,132600,132602,132604,132606],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,132587,172],{"class":128},[69,132589,132],{"class":83},[69,132591,35399],{"class":146},[69,132593,537],{"class":83},[69,132595,36535],{"class":146},[69,132597,132],{"class":83},[69,132599,871],{"class":699},[69,132601,123926],{"class":703},[69,132603,871],{"class":699},[69,132605,186],{"class":83},[69,132607,132608],{"class":189},"    # 2\n",[20,132610,2909],{},[29,132612,132613,132619],{},[32,132614,132615,129046,132617],{},[15,132616,18786],{},[15,132618,88],{},[32,132620,132621,129046,132623],{},[15,132622,129045],{},[15,132624,1155],{},[20,132626,132627],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[60,132629,132631],{"className":62,"code":132630,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132632,132633,132645,132649,132673],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,132634,132635,132637,132639,132641,132643],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,132636,35378],{"class":75},[69,132638,80],{"class":79},[69,132640,881],{"class":699},[69,132642,35555],{"class":703},[69,132644,4079],{"class":699},[69,132646,132647],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,132648,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,132650,132651,132653,132655,132657,132659,132661,132663,132665,132667,132669,132671],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,132652,172],{"class":128},[69,132654,132],{"class":83},[69,132656,35399],{"class":146},[69,132658,537],{"class":83},[69,132660,36535],{"class":146},[69,132662,132],{"class":83},[69,132664,871],{"class":699},[69,132666,51665],{"class":703},[69,132668,871],{"class":699},[69,132670,186],{"class":83},[69,132672,21459],{"class":189},[69,132674,132675],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,132676,132677],{"class":189},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[55,132679,2888],{"id":2887},[20,132681,354],{},[60,132683,132685],{"className":62,"code":132684,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132686,132687],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,132688,132689,132691,132693,132695,132697,132699,132701,132703,132705,132707],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,132690,61651],{"class":75},[69,132692,537],{"class":83},[69,132694,36535],{"class":146},[69,132696,132],{"class":83},[69,132698,3198],{"class":146},[69,132700,91],{"class":83},[69,132702,36741],{"class":146},[69,132704,91],{"class":83},[69,132706,65518],{"class":146},[69,132708,166],{"class":83},[20,132710,132711],{},"Parameters:",[29,132713,132714,132718,132722],{},[32,132715,132716,124025],{},[15,132717,3198],{},[32,132719,132720,129092],{},[15,132721,36762],{},[32,132723,132724,132726],{},[15,132725,53135],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132728,132729],{},"You can use just the value:",[60,132731,132733],{"className":62,"code":132732,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132734,132735,132747],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,132736,132737,132739,132741,132743,132745],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,132738,35378],{"class":75},[69,132740,80],{"class":79},[69,132742,881],{"class":699},[69,132744,64],{"class":703},[69,132746,4079],{"class":699},[69,132748,132749,132751,132753,132755,132757,132759,132761,132763,132765,132767,132769],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,132750,172],{"class":128},[69,132752,132],{"class":83},[69,132754,35399],{"class":146},[69,132756,537],{"class":83},[69,132758,36535],{"class":146},[69,132760,132],{"class":83},[69,132762,871],{"class":699},[69,132764,63764],{"class":703},[69,132766,871],{"class":699},[69,132768,186],{"class":83},[69,132770,51889],{"class":189},[20,132772,132773],{},"Or include a start position:",[60,132775,132777],{"className":62,"code":132776,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132778,132779,132791],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,132780,132781,132783,132785,132787,132789],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,132782,35378],{"class":75},[69,132784,80],{"class":79},[69,132786,881],{"class":699},[69,132788,893],{"class":703},[69,132790,4079],{"class":699},[69,132792,132793,132795,132797,132799,132801,132803,132805,132807,132809,132811,132813,132815,132817],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,132794,172],{"class":128},[69,132796,132],{"class":83},[69,132798,35399],{"class":146},[69,132800,537],{"class":83},[69,132802,36535],{"class":146},[69,132804,132],{"class":83},[69,132806,871],{"class":699},[69,132808,533],{"class":703},[69,132810,871],{"class":699},[69,132812,91],{"class":83},[69,132814,94],{"class":87},[69,132816,186],{"class":83},[69,132818,51244],{"class":189},[20,132820,132821,132822,5096,132824,143],{},"Or include both ",[15,132823,36762],{},[15,132825,53135],{},[60,132827,132829],{"className":62,"code":132828,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132830,132831,132843],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,132832,132833,132835,132837,132839,132841],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,132834,35378],{"class":75},[69,132836,80],{"class":79},[69,132838,881],{"class":699},[69,132840,893],{"class":703},[69,132842,4079],{"class":699},[69,132844,132845,132847,132849,132851,132853,132855,132857,132859,132861,132863,132865,132867,132869,132871,132873],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,132846,172],{"class":128},[69,132848,132],{"class":83},[69,132850,35399],{"class":146},[69,132852,537],{"class":83},[69,132854,36535],{"class":146},[69,132856,132],{"class":83},[69,132858,871],{"class":699},[69,132860,533],{"class":703},[69,132862,871],{"class":699},[69,132864,91],{"class":83},[69,132866,94],{"class":87},[69,132868,91],{"class":83},[69,132870,109],{"class":87},[69,132872,186],{"class":83},[69,132874,51244],{"class":189},[55,132876,541],{"id":540},[20,132878,29396,132879,132881,132882,537],{},[15,132880,59444],{}," is a ",[42,132883,132884],{},"zero-based index",[20,132886,213],{},[29,132888,132889,132895,132900],{},[32,132890,132891,132892,132894],{},"Index ",[15,132893,1226],{}," is the first character",[32,132896,132891,132897,132899],{},[15,132898,88],{}," is the second character",[32,132901,132891,132902,132904],{},[15,132903,1155],{}," is the third character",[20,132906,234],{},[60,132908,132910],{"className":62,"code":132909,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132911,132912,132924,132928,132952,132976],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,132913,132914,132916,132918,132920,132922],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,132915,35378],{"class":75},[69,132917,80],{"class":79},[69,132919,881],{"class":699},[69,132921,37738],{"class":703},[69,132923,4079],{"class":699},[69,132925,132926],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,132927,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,132929,132930,132932,132934,132936,132938,132940,132942,132944,132946,132948,132950],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,132931,172],{"class":128},[69,132933,132],{"class":83},[69,132935,35399],{"class":146},[69,132937,537],{"class":83},[69,132939,36535],{"class":146},[69,132941,132],{"class":83},[69,132943,871],{"class":699},[69,132945,10425],{"class":703},[69,132947,871],{"class":699},[69,132949,186],{"class":83},[69,132951,51721],{"class":189},[69,132953,132954,132956,132958,132960,132962,132964,132966,132968,132970,132972,132974],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,132955,172],{"class":128},[69,132957,132],{"class":83},[69,132959,35399],{"class":146},[69,132961,537],{"class":83},[69,132963,36535],{"class":146},[69,132965,132],{"class":83},[69,132967,871],{"class":699},[69,132969,533],{"class":703},[69,132971,871],{"class":699},[69,132973,186],{"class":83},[69,132975,28468],{"class":189},[69,132977,132978,132980,132982,132984,132986,132988,132990,132992,132994,132996,132998],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,132979,172],{"class":128},[69,132981,132],{"class":83},[69,132983,35399],{"class":146},[69,132985,537],{"class":83},[69,132987,36535],{"class":146},[69,132989,132],{"class":83},[69,132991,871],{"class":699},[69,132993,63764],{"class":703},[69,132995,871],{"class":699},[69,132997,186],{"class":83},[69,132999,51889],{"class":189},[20,133001,133002,133004,133005,133007],{},[15,133003,59444],{}," returns only the ",[42,133006,30597],{}," matching position.",[60,133009,133011],{"className":62,"code":133010,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,133012,133013,133025],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,133014,133015,133017,133019,133021,133023],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,133016,35378],{"class":75},[69,133018,80],{"class":79},[69,133020,881],{"class":699},[69,133022,893],{"class":703},[69,133024,4079],{"class":699},[69,133026,133027,133029,133031,133033,133035,133037,133039,133041,133043,133045,133047],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,133028,172],{"class":128},[69,133030,132],{"class":83},[69,133032,35399],{"class":146},[69,133034,537],{"class":83},[69,133036,36535],{"class":146},[69,133038,132],{"class":83},[69,133040,871],{"class":699},[69,133042,533],{"class":703},[69,133044,871],{"class":699},[69,133046,186],{"class":83},[69,133048,28468],{"class":189},[20,133050,21668,133051,133053],{},[15,133052,18786],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,133055,133056,133057,537],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[533,133058,133059,11428],{"href":125283},[15,133060,59066],{},[55,133062,840,133063,5096,133065],{"id":65884},[15,133064,36762],{},[15,133066,53135],{},[20,133068,2714,133069,5096,133071,133073],{},[15,133070,36762],{},[15,133072,53135],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,133075,133076],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,133078,46512,133079,143],{},[15,133080,36762],{},[60,133082,133084],{"className":62,"code":133083,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,133085,133086,133098,133102,133126,133154],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,133087,133088,133090,133092,133094,133096],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,133089,35378],{"class":75},[69,133091,80],{"class":79},[69,133093,881],{"class":699},[69,133095,893],{"class":703},[69,133097,4079],{"class":699},[69,133099,133100],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,133101,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,133103,133104,133106,133108,133110,133112,133114,133116,133118,133120,133122,133124],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,133105,172],{"class":128},[69,133107,132],{"class":83},[69,133109,35399],{"class":146},[69,133111,537],{"class":83},[69,133113,36535],{"class":146},[69,133115,132],{"class":83},[69,133117,871],{"class":699},[69,133119,533],{"class":703},[69,133121,871],{"class":699},[69,133123,186],{"class":83},[69,133125,51594],{"class":189},[69,133127,133128,133130,133132,133134,133136,133138,133140,133142,133144,133146,133148,133150,133152],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,133129,172],{"class":128},[69,133131,132],{"class":83},[69,133133,35399],{"class":146},[69,133135,537],{"class":83},[69,133137,36535],{"class":146},[69,133139,132],{"class":83},[69,133141,871],{"class":699},[69,133143,533],{"class":703},[69,133145,871],{"class":699},[69,133147,91],{"class":83},[69,133149,94],{"class":87},[69,133151,186],{"class":83},[69,133153,51443],{"class":189},[69,133155,133156,133158,133160,133162,133164,133166,133168,133170,133172,133174,133176,133178,133180],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,133157,172],{"class":128},[69,133159,132],{"class":83},[69,133161,35399],{"class":146},[69,133163,537],{"class":83},[69,133165,36535],{"class":146},[69,133167,132],{"class":83},[69,133169,871],{"class":699},[69,133171,533],{"class":703},[69,133173,871],{"class":699},[69,133175,91],{"class":83},[69,133177,104],{"class":87},[69,133179,186],{"class":83},[69,133181,51227],{"class":189},[20,133183,20648],{},[29,133185,133186,133193,133199],{},[32,133187,133188,133189,66074,133191],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,133190,18786],{},[15,133192,88],{},[32,133194,133195,133196,133198],{},"Starting at index ",[15,133197,1155],{}," skips that first match",[32,133200,133195,133201,133203,133204],{},[15,133202,334],{}," finds the last ",[15,133205,18786],{},[20,133207,46512,133208,143],{},[15,133209,53135],{},[60,133211,133213],{"className":62,"code":133212,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,133214,133215,133227,133231],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,133216,133217,133219,133221,133223,133225],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,133218,35378],{"class":75},[69,133220,80],{"class":79},[69,133222,881],{"class":699},[69,133224,893],{"class":703},[69,133226,4079],{"class":699},[69,133228,133229],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,133230,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,133232,133233,133235,133237,133239,133241,133243,133245,133247,133249,133251,133253,133255,133257,133259,133261],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,133234,172],{"class":128},[69,133236,132],{"class":83},[69,133238,35399],{"class":146},[69,133240,537],{"class":83},[69,133242,36535],{"class":146},[69,133244,132],{"class":83},[69,133246,871],{"class":699},[69,133248,76508],{"class":703},[69,133250,871],{"class":699},[69,133252,91],{"class":83},[69,133254,158],{"class":87},[69,133256,91],{"class":83},[69,133258,104],{"class":87},[69,133260,186],{"class":83},[69,133262,51889],{"class":189},[20,133264,133265],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,133267,133268],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[55,133270,44684,133272,133274],{"id":133271},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,133273,59444],{}," causes an error",[20,133276,133277,133278,52969,133280,537],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,133279,59444],{},[15,133281,41173],{},[20,133283,234],{},[60,133285,133287],{"className":62,"code":133286,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,133288,133289,133301],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,133290,133291,133293,133295,133297,133299],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,133292,35378],{"class":75},[69,133294,80],{"class":79},[69,133296,881],{"class":699},[69,133298,1275],{"class":703},[69,133300,4079],{"class":699},[69,133302,133303,133305,133307,133309,133311,133313,133315,133317,133319,133321],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,133304,172],{"class":128},[69,133306,132],{"class":83},[69,133308,35399],{"class":146},[69,133310,537],{"class":83},[69,133312,36535],{"class":146},[69,133314,132],{"class":83},[69,133316,871],{"class":699},[69,133318,22766],{"class":703},[69,133320,871],{"class":699},[69,133322,318],{"class":83},[20,133324,321],{},[60,133326,133328],{"className":62,"code":133327,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,133329,133330],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,133331,133332,133334,133336,133339,133341],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,133333,41173],{"class":177},[69,133335,143],{"class":83},[69,133337,133338],{"class":75}," substring ",[69,133340,5334],{"class":79},[69,133342,66307],{"class":75},[20,133344,53816,133345,126799,133350,133352],{},[533,133346,133347],{"href":130477},[15,133348,133349],{},"str.find()",[15,133351,66332],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,133354,133355,133356,5096,133358,143],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,133357,30492],{},[15,133359,30523],{},[60,133361,133363],{"className":62,"code":133362,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,133364,133365,133377,133381,133387,133410,133420,133428],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,133366,133367,133369,133371,133373,133375],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,133368,35378],{"class":75},[69,133370,80],{"class":79},[69,133372,881],{"class":699},[69,133374,1275],{"class":703},[69,133376,4079],{"class":699},[69,133378,133379],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,133380,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,133382,133383,133385],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,133384,30492],{"class":1053},[69,133386,1579],{"class":83},[69,133388,133389,133392,133394,133396,133398,133400,133402,133404,133406,133408],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,133390,133391],{"class":75},"    position ",[69,133393,80],{"class":79},[69,133395,43312],{"class":75},[69,133397,537],{"class":83},[69,133399,36535],{"class":146},[69,133401,132],{"class":83},[69,133403,871],{"class":699},[69,133405,22766],{"class":703},[69,133407,871],{"class":699},[69,133409,166],{"class":83},[69,133411,133412,133414,133416,133418],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,133413,8756],{"class":128},[69,133415,132],{"class":83},[69,133417,65424],{"class":146},[69,133419,166],{"class":83},[69,133421,133422,133424,133426],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,133423,30523],{"class":1053},[69,133425,42396],{"class":177},[69,133427,1579],{"class":83},[69,133429,133430,133432,133434,133436,133439,133441],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,133431,8756],{"class":128},[69,133433,132],{"class":83},[69,133435,871],{"class":699},[69,133437,133438],{"class":703},"Substring not found",[69,133440,871],{"class":699},[69,133442,166],{"class":83},[20,133444,133445],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,133447,42416,133448,537],{},[533,133449,26367,133451],{"href":133450},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,133452,129804],{},[55,133454,133456,11272,133458],{"id":133455},"index-vs-find",[15,133457,59444],{},[15,133459,124828],{},[20,133461,133462,5096,133464,133466],{},[15,133463,59444],{},[15,133465,124828],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[377,133468,133469],{"id":36535},[15,133470,59444],{},[29,133472,133473,133476],{},[32,133474,133475],{},"Returns the first match position",[32,133477,133478],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[60,133480,133482],{"className":62,"code":133481,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,133483,133484,133496,133520],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,133485,133486,133488,133490,133492,133494],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,133487,35378],{"class":75},[69,133489,80],{"class":79},[69,133491,881],{"class":699},[69,133493,1275],{"class":703},[69,133495,4079],{"class":699},[69,133497,133498,133500,133502,133504,133506,133508,133510,133512,133514,133516,133518],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,133499,172],{"class":128},[69,133501,132],{"class":83},[69,133503,35399],{"class":146},[69,133505,537],{"class":83},[69,133507,36535],{"class":146},[69,133509,132],{"class":83},[69,133511,871],{"class":699},[69,133513,60924],{"class":703},[69,133515,871],{"class":699},[69,133517,186],{"class":83},[69,133519,28468],{"class":189},[69,133521,133522],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,133523,133524],{"class":189},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[377,133526,133527],{"id":128858},[15,133528,124828],{},[29,133530,133531,133533],{},[32,133532,133475],{},[32,133534,12113,133535,133537],{},[15,133536,66332],{}," if nothing is found",[60,133539,133541],{"className":62,"code":133540,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,133542,133543,133555,133579],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,133544,133545,133547,133549,133551,133553],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,133546,35378],{"class":75},[69,133548,80],{"class":79},[69,133550,881],{"class":699},[69,133552,1275],{"class":703},[69,133554,4079],{"class":699},[69,133556,133557,133559,133561,133563,133565,133567,133569,133571,133573,133575,133577],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,133558,172],{"class":128},[69,133560,132],{"class":83},[69,133562,35399],{"class":146},[69,133564,537],{"class":83},[69,133566,128858],{"class":146},[69,133568,132],{"class":83},[69,133570,871],{"class":699},[69,133572,60924],{"class":703},[69,133574,871],{"class":699},[69,133576,186],{"class":83},[69,133578,28468],{"class":189},[69,133580,133581,133583,133585,133587,133589,133591,133593,133595,133597,133599,133601],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,133582,172],{"class":128},[69,133584,132],{"class":83},[69,133586,35399],{"class":146},[69,133588,537],{"class":83},[69,133590,128858],{"class":146},[69,133592,132],{"class":83},[69,133594,871],{"class":699},[69,133596,22766],{"class":703},[69,133598,871],{"class":699},[69,133600,186],{"class":83},[69,133602,129214],{"class":189},[20,133604,1378,133605,133607],{},[15,133606,59444],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133609,1378,133610,133612],{},[15,133611,124828],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133614,133615,133616,394,133621,537],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[533,133617,133618,133620],{"href":130477},[15,133619,133349],{}," method reference",[533,133622,127869],{"href":133623},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[55,133625,1771],{"id":1770},[20,133627,133628,133629,143],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133630,59444],{},[29,133632,133633,133636,133643,133648,133653],{},[32,133634,133635],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[32,133637,1780,133638,9141,133640,133642],{},[15,133639,59444],{},[15,133641,66332],{}," when no match exists",[32,133644,840,133645,133647],{},[15,133646,59444],{}," on a value that may not be present",[32,133649,133650,133651],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133652,88],{},[32,133654,5283,133655,133657],{},[15,133656,59444],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133659,62772],{},[60,133661,133663],{"className":62,"code":133662,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133664,133665,133675,133689,133711,133733],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,133666,133667,133669,133671,133673],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,133668,172],{"class":128},[69,133670,132],{"class":83},[69,133672,35399],{"class":146},[69,133674,166],{"class":83},[69,133676,133677,133679,133681,133683,133685,133687],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,133678,172],{"class":128},[69,133680,132],{"class":83},[69,133682,42249],{"class":128},[69,133684,132],{"class":83},[69,133686,35399],{"class":146},[69,133688,318],{"class":83},[69,133690,133691,133693,133695,133697,133699,133701,133703,133705,133707,133709],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,133692,172],{"class":128},[69,133694,132],{"class":83},[69,133696,35399],{"class":146},[69,133698,537],{"class":83},[69,133700,36535],{"class":146},[69,133702,132],{"class":83},[69,133704,871],{"class":699},[69,133706,3198],{"class":703},[69,133708,871],{"class":699},[69,133710,318],{"class":83},[69,133712,133713,133715,133717,133719,133721,133723,133725,133727,133729,133731],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,133714,172],{"class":128},[69,133716,132],{"class":83},[69,133718,35399],{"class":146},[69,133720,537],{"class":83},[69,133722,128858],{"class":146},[69,133724,132],{"class":83},[69,133726,871],{"class":699},[69,133728,3198],{"class":703},[69,133730,871],{"class":699},[69,133732,318],{"class":83},[69,133734,133735,133737,133739,133741,133743,133745,133747,133749,133751,133753,133755,133757,133759,133761],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,133736,172],{"class":128},[69,133738,132],{"class":83},[69,133740,35399],{"class":146},[69,133742,537],{"class":83},[69,133744,36535],{"class":146},[69,133746,132],{"class":83},[69,133748,871],{"class":699},[69,133750,3198],{"class":703},[69,133752,871],{"class":699},[69,133754,91],{"class":83},[69,133756,36741],{"class":146},[69,133758,91],{"class":83},[69,133760,65518],{"class":146},[69,133762,318],{"class":83},[20,133764,133765],{},"Tips:",[29,133767,133768,133773,133778,133781],{},[32,133769,1378,133770,133772],{},[15,133771,126755],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[32,133774,1378,133775,133777],{},[15,133776,124828],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[32,133779,133780],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[32,133782,133783,133784],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133785,1226],{},[55,133787,2519],{"id":2518},[377,133789,130337,133791,13407],{"id":133790},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133792,59444],{},[20,133794,133795],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[377,133797,133799],{"id":133798},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133801,77336,133802,537],{},[15,133803,41173],{},[377,133805,5881,133807,5096,133809,3218],{"id":133806},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133808,59444],{},[15,133810,124828],{},[20,133812,133813,133815,133816,1172,133818,7319],{},[15,133814,59444],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133817,124828],{},[15,133819,66332],{},[377,133821,5871,133823,133825],{"id":133822},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133824,59444],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133827,133828],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[377,133830,133832,133833,125169],{"id":133831},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133834,59444],{},[20,133836,130362],{},[55,133838,2620],{"id":2619},[29,133840,133841,133847,133851,133856,133862],{},[32,133842,133843],{},[533,133844,133845,11428],{"href":130477},[15,133846,133349],{},[32,133848,133849],{},[533,133850,125232],{"href":133623},[32,133852,133853],{},[533,133854,130438],{"href":133855},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[32,133857,133858],{},[533,133859,133860,11428],{"href":125283},[15,133861,59066],{},[32,133863,133864],{},[533,133865,31036,133866],{"href":133450},[15,133867,129804],{},[2650,133869,133870],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html 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causes an error",{"id":133455,"depth":120,"text":133882,"children":133883},"index() vs find()",[133884,133885],{"id":36535,"depth":169,"text":59444},{"id":128858,"depth":169,"text":124828},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":133888},[133889,133891,133892,133894,133896],{"id":133790,"depth":169,"text":133890},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133798,"depth":169,"text":133799},{"id":133806,"depth":169,"text":133893},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133822,"depth":169,"text":133895},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133831,"depth":169,"text":133897},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":132418,"description":133899},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133906,"title":133907,"body":133908,"description":136683,"extension":2697,"meta":136684,"navigation":272,"path":136685,"seo":136686,"stem":136687,"__hash__":136688},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133909,"toc":136619},[133910,133916,133921,133924,133927,133938,133940,134009,134011,134025,134030,134035,134040,134042,134085,134087,134170,134172,134218,134224,134226,134228,134248,134250,134273,134275,134349,134351,134370,134375,134377,134381,134453,134455,134469,134473,134549,134551,134570,134574,134668,134670,134679,134686,134762,134764,134782,134786,134789,134796,134845,134847,134856,134863,134922,134924,134942,134945,134952,135011,135013,135031,135038,135095,135097,135106,135110,135115,135119,135178,135180,135198,135202,135249,135254,135257,135326,135328,135345,135352,135358,135413,135418,135421,135498,135500,135518,135524,135530,135590,135592,135611,135617,135620,135627,135680,135685,135687,135748,135757,135764,135766,135823,135828,135830,135901,135905,135960,135962,135971,135976,135982,136051,136053,136085,136091,136099,136106,136112,136177,136179,136188,136194,136275,136277,136286,136291,136305,136312,136316,136321,136349,136351,136484,136487,136524,136526,136532,136541,136546,136549,136554,136559,136565,136568,136577,136580,136582,136611,136616],[10,133911,123833,133913,12011],{"id":133912},"python-string-join-method",[15,133914,133915],{},"join()",[20,133917,123838,133918,133920],{},[15,133919,133915],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133922,133923],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133925,133926],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[29,133928,133929,133935],{},[32,133930,133931,133932,133934],{},"You call ",[15,133933,133915],{}," on the separator string",[32,133936,133937],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[55,133939,4327],{"id":4326},[60,133941,133943],{"className":62,"code":133942,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133944,133945,133978,133999],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,133946,133947,133949,133951,133953,133955,133957,133959,133961,133963,133965,133967,133969,133971,133974,133976],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,133948,864],{"class":75},[69,133950,80],{"class":79},[69,133952,84],{"class":83},[69,133954,871],{"class":699},[69,133956,7985],{"class":703},[69,133958,871],{"class":699},[69,133960,91],{"class":83},[69,133962,881],{"class":699},[69,133964,12885],{"class":703},[69,133966,871],{"class":699},[69,133968,91],{"class":83},[69,133970,881],{"class":699},[69,133972,133973],{"class":703},"fun",[69,133975,871],{"class":699},[69,133977,117],{"class":83},[69,133979,133980,133982,133984,133986,133988,133990,133993,133995,133997],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,133981,123],{"class":75},[69,133983,80],{"class":79},[69,133985,881],{"class":699},[69,133987,881],{"class":699},[69,133989,537],{"class":83},[69,133991,133992],{"class":146},"join",[69,133994,132],{"class":83},[69,133996,4817],{"class":146},[69,133998,166],{"class":83},[69,134000,134001,134003,134005,134007],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,134002,172],{"class":128},[69,134004,132],{"class":83},[69,134006,183],{"class":146},[69,134008,166],{"class":83},[20,134010,321],{},[60,134012,134014],{"className":62,"code":134013,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Python is fun\n",[15,134015,134016],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134017,134018,134020,134022],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134019,13],{"class":75},[69,134021,12885],{"class":79},[69,134023,134024],{"class":75}," fun\n",[20,134026,1378,134027,134029],{},[15,134028,133915],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[55,134031,202,134033,205],{"id":134032},"what-join-does",[15,134034,133915],{},[20,134036,134037,134039],{},[15,134038,133915],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,134041,12148],{},[29,134043,134044,134051,134079,134082],{},[32,134045,134046,134047,134050],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,134048,134049],{},".join()"," as the separator",[32,134052,134053,134054],{},"Common separators are:\n",[29,134055,134056,134062,134068,134074],{},[32,134057,134058,134061],{},[15,134059,134060],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[32,134063,134064,134067],{},[15,134065,134066],{},"\", \""," for commas",[32,134069,134070,134073],{},[15,134071,134072],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[32,134075,134076,134078],{},[15,134077,6967],{}," for no separator",[32,134080,134081],{},"It returns a new string",[32,134083,134084],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,134086,234],{},[60,134088,134090],{"className":62,"code":134089,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,134091,134092,134124,134146,134150,134160],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134093,134094,134096,134098,134100,134102,134104,134106,134108,134110,134112,134114,134116,134118,134120,134122],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134095,864],{"class":75},[69,134097,80],{"class":79},[69,134099,84],{"class":83},[69,134101,871],{"class":699},[69,134103,13785],{"class":703},[69,134105,871],{"class":699},[69,134107,91],{"class":83},[69,134109,881],{"class":699},[69,134111,18145],{"class":703},[69,134113,871],{"class":699},[69,134115,91],{"class":83},[69,134117,881],{"class":699},[69,134119,13802],{"class":703},[69,134121,871],{"class":699},[69,134123,117],{"class":83},[69,134125,134126,134128,134130,134132,134134,134136,134138,134140,134142,134144],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,134127,123],{"class":75},[69,134129,80],{"class":79},[69,134131,881],{"class":699},[69,134133,2920],{"class":703},[69,134135,871],{"class":699},[69,134137,537],{"class":83},[69,134139,133992],{"class":146},[69,134141,132],{"class":83},[69,134143,4817],{"class":146},[69,134145,166],{"class":83},[69,134147,134148],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,134149,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,134151,134152,134154,134156,134158],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,134153,172],{"class":128},[69,134155,132],{"class":83},[69,134157,183],{"class":146},[69,134159,166],{"class":83},[69,134161,134162,134164,134166,134168],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,134163,172],{"class":128},[69,134165,132],{"class":83},[69,134167,4817],{"class":146},[69,134169,166],{"class":83},[20,134171,321],{},[60,134173,134175],{"className":62,"code":134174,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,134176,134177,134190],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134178,134179,134181,134183,134186,134188],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134180,13785],{"class":75},[69,134182,91],{"class":83},[69,134184,134185],{"class":75}," green",[69,134187,91],{"class":83},[69,134189,36570],{"class":75},[69,134191,134192,134194,134196,134198,134200,134202,134204,134206,134208,134210,134212,134214,134216],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,134193,331],{"class":83},[69,134195,706],{"class":699},[69,134197,13785],{"class":703},[69,134199,706],{"class":699},[69,134201,91],{"class":83},[69,134203,700],{"class":699},[69,134205,18145],{"class":703},[69,134207,706],{"class":699},[69,134209,91],{"class":83},[69,134211,700],{"class":699},[69,134213,13802],{"class":703},[69,134215,706],{"class":699},[69,134217,117],{"class":83},[20,134219,134220,134221,134223],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,134222,133915],{}," creates a new string.",[55,134225,2888],{"id":2887},[20,134227,7906],{},[60,134229,134231],{"className":62,"code":134230,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,134232,134233],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134234,134235,134238,134240,134242,134244,134246],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134236,134237],{"class":75},"separator",[69,134239,537],{"class":83},[69,134241,133992],{"class":146},[69,134243,132],{"class":83},[69,134245,399],{"class":146},[69,134247,166],{"class":83},[377,134249,49483],{"id":49482},[29,134251,134252,134265,134270],{},[32,134253,134254,134256,134257,2920,134259,2920,134261,2924,134263],{},[15,134255,134237],{}," is a string such as ",[15,134258,134060],{},[15,134260,134066],{},[15,134262,134072],{},[15,134264,6967],{},[32,134266,134267,134269],{},[15,134268,399],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[32,134271,134272],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,134274,234],{},[60,134276,134278],{"className":62,"code":134277,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134279,134280,134312,134335,134339],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134281,134282,134284,134286,134288,134290,134292,134294,134296,134298,134300,134302,134304,134306,134308,134310],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134283,5699],{"class":75},[69,134285,80],{"class":79},[69,134287,84],{"class":83},[69,134289,871],{"class":699},[69,134291,13572],{"class":703},[69,134293,871],{"class":699},[69,134295,91],{"class":83},[69,134297,881],{"class":699},[69,134299,36630],{"class":703},[69,134301,871],{"class":699},[69,134303,91],{"class":83},[69,134305,881],{"class":699},[69,134307,36639],{"class":703},[69,134309,871],{"class":699},[69,134311,117],{"class":83},[69,134313,134314,134316,134318,134320,134323,134325,134327,134329,134331,134333],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,134315,123],{"class":75},[69,134317,80],{"class":79},[69,134319,881],{"class":699},[69,134321,134322],{"class":703}," | ",[69,134324,871],{"class":699},[69,134326,537],{"class":83},[69,134328,133992],{"class":146},[69,134330,132],{"class":83},[69,134332,5743],{"class":146},[69,134334,166],{"class":83},[69,134336,134337],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,134338,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,134340,134341,134343,134345,134347],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,134342,172],{"class":128},[69,134344,132],{"class":83},[69,134346,183],{"class":146},[69,134348,166],{"class":83},[20,134350,321],{},[60,134352,134354],{"className":62,"code":134353,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,134355,134356],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134357,134358,134361,134363,134366,134368],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134359,134360],{"class":75},"Ana ",[69,134362,114340],{"class":79},[69,134364,134365],{"class":75}," Ben ",[69,134367,114340],{"class":79},[69,134369,36711],{"class":75},[20,134371,134372,134373,537],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[533,134374,125588],{"href":51449},[55,134376,122364],{"id":122363},[377,134378,134380],{"id":134379},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[60,134382,134384],{"className":62,"code":134383,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134385,134386,134419,134439,134443],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134387,134388,134390,134392,134394,134396,134398,134400,134402,134404,134406,134408,134410,134412,134415,134417],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134389,864],{"class":75},[69,134391,80],{"class":79},[69,134393,84],{"class":83},[69,134395,871],{"class":699},[69,134397,7985],{"class":703},[69,134399,871],{"class":699},[69,134401,91],{"class":83},[69,134403,881],{"class":699},[69,134405,12885],{"class":703},[69,134407,871],{"class":699},[69,134409,91],{"class":83},[69,134411,881],{"class":699},[69,134413,134414],{"class":703},"easy",[69,134416,871],{"class":699},[69,134418,117],{"class":83},[69,134420,134421,134423,134425,134427,134429,134431,134433,134435,134437],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,134422,123],{"class":75},[69,134424,80],{"class":79},[69,134426,881],{"class":699},[69,134428,881],{"class":699},[69,134430,537],{"class":83},[69,134432,133992],{"class":146},[69,134434,132],{"class":83},[69,134436,4817],{"class":146},[69,134438,166],{"class":83},[69,134440,134441],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,134442,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,134444,134445,134447,134449,134451],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,134446,172],{"class":128},[69,134448,132],{"class":83},[69,134450,183],{"class":146},[69,134452,166],{"class":83},[20,134454,321],{},[60,134456,134458],{"className":62,"code":134457,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Python is easy\n",[15,134459,134460],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134461,134462,134464,134466],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134463,13],{"class":75},[69,134465,12885],{"class":79},[69,134467,134468],{"class":75}," easy\n",[377,134470,134472],{"id":134471},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[60,134474,134476],{"className":62,"code":134475,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134477,134478,134513,134535,134539],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134479,134480,134482,134484,134486,134488,134491,134493,134495,134497,134500,134502,134504,134506,134509,134511],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134481,1252],{"class":75},[69,134483,80],{"class":79},[69,134485,84],{"class":83},[69,134487,871],{"class":699},[69,134489,134490],{"class":703},"apples",[69,134492,871],{"class":699},[69,134494,91],{"class":83},[69,134496,881],{"class":699},[69,134498,134499],{"class":703},"bananas",[69,134501,871],{"class":699},[69,134503,91],{"class":83},[69,134505,881],{"class":699},[69,134507,134508],{"class":703},"oranges",[69,134510,871],{"class":699},[69,134512,117],{"class":83},[69,134514,134515,134517,134519,134521,134523,134525,134527,134529,134531,134533],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,134516,123],{"class":75},[69,134518,80],{"class":79},[69,134520,881],{"class":699},[69,134522,2920],{"class":703},[69,134524,871],{"class":699},[69,134526,537],{"class":83},[69,134528,133992],{"class":146},[69,134530,132],{"class":83},[69,134532,8497],{"class":146},[69,134534,166],{"class":83},[69,134536,134537],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,134538,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,134540,134541,134543,134545,134547],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,134542,172],{"class":128},[69,134544,132],{"class":83},[69,134546,183],{"class":146},[69,134548,166],{"class":83},[20,134550,321],{},[60,134552,134554],{"className":62,"code":134553,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,134555,134556],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134557,134558,134560,134562,134565,134567],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134559,134490],{"class":75},[69,134561,91],{"class":83},[69,134563,134564],{"class":75}," bananas",[69,134566,91],{"class":83},[69,134568,134569],{"class":75}," oranges\n",[377,134571,134573],{"id":134572},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[60,134575,134577],{"className":62,"code":134576,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134578,134579,134636,134654,134658],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134580,134581,134583,134585,134587,134589,134592,134594,134596,134598,134600,134602,134604,134606,134608,134610,134612,134614,134616,134618,134620,134622,134624,134626,134628,134630,134632,134634],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134582,36780],{"class":75},[69,134584,80],{"class":79},[69,134586,84],{"class":83},[69,134588,871],{"class":699},[69,134590,134591],{"class":703},"P",[69,134593,871],{"class":699},[69,134595,91],{"class":83},[69,134597,881],{"class":699},[69,134599,12436],{"class":703},[69,134601,871],{"class":699},[69,134603,91],{"class":83},[69,134605,881],{"class":699},[69,134607,63764],{"class":703},[69,134609,871],{"class":699},[69,134611,91],{"class":83},[69,134613,881],{"class":699},[69,134615,60915],{"class":703},[69,134617,871],{"class":699},[69,134619,91],{"class":83},[69,134621,881],{"class":699},[69,134623,60950],{"class":703},[69,134625,871],{"class":699},[69,134627,91],{"class":83},[69,134629,881],{"class":699},[69,134631,76508],{"class":703},[69,134633,871],{"class":699},[69,134635,117],{"class":83},[69,134637,134638,134640,134642,134644,134646,134648,134650,134652],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,134639,123],{"class":75},[69,134641,80],{"class":79},[69,134643,1268],{"class":699},[69,134645,537],{"class":83},[69,134647,133992],{"class":146},[69,134649,132],{"class":83},[69,134651,36833],{"class":146},[69,134653,166],{"class":83},[69,134655,134656],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,134657,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,134659,134660,134662,134664,134666],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,134661,172],{"class":128},[69,134663,132],{"class":83},[69,134665,183],{"class":146},[69,134667,166],{"class":83},[20,134669,321],{},[60,134671,134673],{"className":62,"code":134672,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Python\n",[15,134674,134675],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134676,134677],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134678,134672],{"class":75},[377,134680,134682,134683,134685],{"id":134681},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134684,133915],{}," returns the result",[60,134687,134689],{"className":62,"code":134688,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134690,134691,134724,134747,134751],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134692,134693,134695,134697,134699,134701,134703,134705,134707,134709,134711,134713,134715,134717,134720,134722],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134694,864],{"class":75},[69,134696,80],{"class":79},[69,134698,84],{"class":83},[69,134700,871],{"class":699},[69,134702,7273],{"class":703},[69,134704,871],{"class":699},[69,134706,91],{"class":83},[69,134708,881],{"class":699},[69,134710,79749],{"class":703},[69,134712,871],{"class":699},[69,134714,91],{"class":83},[69,134716,881],{"class":699},[69,134718,134719],{"class":703},"three",[69,134721,871],{"class":699},[69,134723,117],{"class":83},[69,134725,134726,134729,134731,134733,134735,134737,134739,134741,134743,134745],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,134727,134728],{"class":75},"joined_text ",[69,134730,80],{"class":79},[69,134732,881],{"class":699},[69,134734,1972],{"class":703},[69,134736,871],{"class":699},[69,134738,537],{"class":83},[69,134740,133992],{"class":146},[69,134742,132],{"class":83},[69,134744,4817],{"class":146},[69,134746,166],{"class":83},[69,134748,134749],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,134750,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,134752,134753,134755,134757,134760],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,134754,172],{"class":128},[69,134756,132],{"class":83},[69,134758,134759],{"class":146},"joined_text",[69,134761,166],{"class":83},[20,134763,321],{},[60,134765,134767],{"className":62,"code":134766,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"one-two-three\n",[15,134768,134769],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134770,134771,134773,134775,134777,134779],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134772,7273],{"class":75},[69,134774,1972],{"class":79},[69,134776,79749],{"class":75},[69,134778,1972],{"class":79},[69,134780,134781],{"class":75},"three\n",[55,134783,134785],{"id":134784},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134787,134788],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[377,134790,134792,134795],{"id":134791},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134793,134794],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[60,134797,134799],{"className":62,"code":134798,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134800,134801,134825],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134802,134803,134805,134807,134809,134811,134813,134815,134817,134819,134821,134823],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134804,864],{"class":75},[69,134806,80],{"class":79},[69,134808,84],{"class":83},[69,134810,871],{"class":699},[69,134812,1275],{"class":703},[69,134814,871],{"class":699},[69,134816,91],{"class":83},[69,134818,881],{"class":699},[69,134820,61068],{"class":703},[69,134822,871],{"class":699},[69,134824,117],{"class":83},[69,134826,134827,134829,134831,134833,134835,134837,134839,134841,134843],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,134828,172],{"class":128},[69,134830,132],{"class":83},[69,134832,871],{"class":699},[69,134834,881],{"class":699},[69,134836,537],{"class":83},[69,134838,133992],{"class":146},[69,134840,132],{"class":83},[69,134842,4817],{"class":146},[69,134844,318],{"class":83},[20,134846,321],{},[60,134848,134850],{"className":62,"code":134849,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"hello world\n",[15,134851,134852],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134853,134854],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134855,134849],{"class":75},[377,134857,134859,134862],{"id":134858},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134860,134861],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[60,134864,134866],{"className":62,"code":134865,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134867,134868,134900],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134869,134870,134872,134874,134876,134878,134880,134882,134884,134886,134888,134890,134892,134894,134896,134898],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134871,13768],{"class":75},[69,134873,80],{"class":79},[69,134875,84],{"class":83},[69,134877,871],{"class":699},[69,134879,13785],{"class":703},[69,134881,871],{"class":699},[69,134883,91],{"class":83},[69,134885,881],{"class":699},[69,134887,13802],{"class":703},[69,134889,871],{"class":699},[69,134891,91],{"class":83},[69,134893,881],{"class":699},[69,134895,18145],{"class":703},[69,134897,871],{"class":699},[69,134899,117],{"class":83},[69,134901,134902,134904,134906,134908,134910,134912,134914,134916,134918,134920],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,134903,172],{"class":128},[69,134905,132],{"class":83},[69,134907,871],{"class":699},[69,134909,2920],{"class":703},[69,134911,871],{"class":699},[69,134913,537],{"class":83},[69,134915,133992],{"class":146},[69,134917,132],{"class":83},[69,134919,18192],{"class":146},[69,134921,318],{"class":83},[20,134923,321],{},[60,134925,134927],{"className":62,"code":134926,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134928,134929],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134930,134931,134933,134935,134938,134940],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134932,13785],{"class":75},[69,134934,91],{"class":83},[69,134936,134937],{"class":75}," blue",[69,134939,91],{"class":83},[69,134941,36563],{"class":75},[20,134943,134944],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[377,134946,134948,134951],{"id":134947},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134949,134950],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[60,134953,134955],{"className":62,"code":134954,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134956,134957,134989],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,134958,134959,134961,134963,134965,134967,134969,134971,134973,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983,134985,134987],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,134960,43307],{"class":75},[69,134962,80],{"class":79},[69,134964,84],{"class":83},[69,134966,871],{"class":699},[69,134968,64],{"class":703},[69,134970,871],{"class":699},[69,134972,91],{"class":83},[69,134974,881],{"class":699},[69,134976,61651],{"class":703},[69,134978,871],{"class":699},[69,134980,91],{"class":83},[69,134982,881],{"class":699},[69,134984,133992],{"class":703},[69,134986,871],{"class":699},[69,134988,117],{"class":83},[69,134990,134991,134993,134995,134997,134999,135001,135003,135005,135007,135009],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,134992,172],{"class":128},[69,134994,132],{"class":83},[69,134996,871],{"class":699},[69,134998,1972],{"class":703},[69,135000,871],{"class":699},[69,135002,537],{"class":83},[69,135004,133992],{"class":146},[69,135006,132],{"class":83},[69,135008,43339],{"class":146},[69,135010,318],{"class":83},[20,135012,321],{},[60,135014,135016],{"className":62,"code":135015,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"python-string-join\n",[15,135017,135018],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135019,135020,135022,135024,135026,135028],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135021,64],{"class":75},[69,135023,1972],{"class":79},[69,135025,61651],{"class":75},[69,135027,1972],{"class":79},[69,135029,135030],{"class":75},"join\n",[377,135032,135034,135037],{"id":135033},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,135035,135036],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[60,135039,135041],{"className":62,"code":135040,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,135042,135043,135076],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135044,135045,135047,135049,135051,135053,135055,135057,135059,135061,135063,135065,135067,135069,135072,135074],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135046,113412],{"class":75},[69,135048,80],{"class":79},[69,135050,84],{"class":83},[69,135052,871],{"class":699},[69,135054,22934],{"class":703},[69,135056,871],{"class":699},[69,135058,91],{"class":83},[69,135060,881],{"class":699},[69,135062,31289],{"class":703},[69,135064,871],{"class":699},[69,135066,91],{"class":83},[69,135068,881],{"class":699},[69,135070,135071],{"class":703},"C",[69,135073,871],{"class":699},[69,135075,117],{"class":83},[69,135077,135078,135080,135082,135084,135086,135088,135090,135093],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,135079,172],{"class":128},[69,135081,132],{"class":83},[69,135083,6967],{"class":699},[69,135085,537],{"class":83},[69,135087,133992],{"class":146},[69,135089,132],{"class":83},[69,135091,135092],{"class":146},"chars",[69,135094,318],{"class":83},[20,135096,321],{},[60,135098,135100],{"className":62,"code":135099,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"ABC\n",[15,135101,135102],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135103,135104],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135105,135099],{"class":685},[55,135107,135109],{"id":135108},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,135111,135112,135114],{},[15,135113,133915],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[377,135116,135118],{"id":135117},"this-works","This works",[60,135120,135122],{"className":62,"code":135121,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,135123,135124,135156],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135125,135126,135128,135130,135132,135134,135136,135138,135140,135142,135144,135146,135148,135150,135152,135154],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135127,4536],{"class":75},[69,135129,80],{"class":79},[69,135131,84],{"class":83},[69,135133,871],{"class":699},[69,135135,444],{"class":703},[69,135137,871],{"class":699},[69,135139,91],{"class":83},[69,135141,881],{"class":699},[69,135143,522],{"class":703},[69,135145,871],{"class":699},[69,135147,91],{"class":83},[69,135149,881],{"class":699},[69,135151,37532],{"class":703},[69,135153,871],{"class":699},[69,135155,117],{"class":83},[69,135157,135158,135160,135162,135164,135166,135168,135170,135172,135174,135176],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,135159,172],{"class":128},[69,135161,132],{"class":83},[69,135163,871],{"class":699},[69,135165,2920],{"class":703},[69,135167,871],{"class":699},[69,135169,537],{"class":83},[69,135171,133992],{"class":146},[69,135173,132],{"class":83},[69,135175,6059],{"class":146},[69,135177,318],{"class":83},[20,135179,321],{},[60,135181,135183],{"className":62,"code":135182,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,135184,135185],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135186,135187,135189,135191,135193,135195],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135188,444],{"class":87},[69,135190,91],{"class":83},[69,135192,454],{"class":87},[69,135194,91],{"class":83},[69,135196,135197],{"class":87}," 30\n",[377,135199,135201],{"id":135200},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[60,135203,135205],{"className":62,"code":135204,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,135206,135207,135227],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135208,135209,135211,135213,135215,135217,135219,135221,135223,135225],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135210,4536],{"class":75},[69,135212,80],{"class":79},[69,135214,84],{"class":83},[69,135216,88],{"class":87},[69,135218,91],{"class":83},[69,135220,94],{"class":87},[69,135222,91],{"class":83},[69,135224,99],{"class":87},[69,135226,117],{"class":83},[69,135228,135229,135231,135233,135235,135237,135239,135241,135243,135245,135247],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,135230,172],{"class":128},[69,135232,132],{"class":83},[69,135234,871],{"class":699},[69,135236,2920],{"class":703},[69,135238,871],{"class":699},[69,135240,537],{"class":83},[69,135242,133992],{"class":146},[69,135244,132],{"class":83},[69,135246,6059],{"class":146},[69,135248,318],{"class":83},[20,135250,90789,135251,135253],{},[15,135252,3728],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,135255,135256],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[60,135258,135260],{"className":62,"code":135259,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135261,135262,135282,135312,135316],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135263,135264,135266,135268,135270,135272,135274,135276,135278,135280],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135265,4536],{"class":75},[69,135267,80],{"class":79},[69,135269,84],{"class":83},[69,135271,88],{"class":87},[69,135273,91],{"class":83},[69,135275,94],{"class":87},[69,135277,91],{"class":83},[69,135279,99],{"class":87},[69,135281,117],{"class":83},[69,135283,135284,135286,135288,135290,135292,135294,135296,135298,135300,135302,135304,135306,135308,135310],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,135285,123],{"class":75},[69,135287,80],{"class":79},[69,135289,881],{"class":699},[69,135291,2920],{"class":703},[69,135293,871],{"class":699},[69,135295,537],{"class":83},[69,135297,133992],{"class":146},[69,135299,132],{"class":83},[69,135301,2457],{"class":128},[69,135303,132],{"class":83},[69,135305,4164],{"class":177},[69,135307,91],{"class":83},[69,135309,4594],{"class":146},[69,135311,318],{"class":83},[69,135313,135314],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,135315,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,135317,135318,135320,135322,135324],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,135319,172],{"class":128},[69,135321,132],{"class":83},[69,135323,183],{"class":146},[69,135325,166],{"class":83},[20,135327,321],{},[60,135329,135331],{"className":62,"code":135330,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,135332,135333],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135334,135335,135337,135339,135341,135343],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135336,88],{"class":87},[69,135338,91],{"class":83},[69,135340,94],{"class":87},[69,135342,91],{"class":83},[69,135344,3303],{"class":87},[20,135346,135347,135348,537],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[533,135349,13,135350,2515],{"href":42645},[15,135351,48156],{},[377,135353,135355,135357],{"id":135354},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,135356,1181],{}," values do not work directly",[60,135359,135361],{"className":62,"code":135360,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,135362,135363,135391],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135364,135365,135367,135369,135371,135373,135375,135377,135379,135381,135383,135385,135387,135389],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135366,4536],{"class":75},[69,135368,80],{"class":79},[69,135370,84],{"class":83},[69,135372,871],{"class":699},[69,135374,874],{"class":703},[69,135376,871],{"class":699},[69,135378,91],{"class":83},[69,135380,1282],{"class":1203},[69,135382,91],{"class":83},[69,135384,881],{"class":699},[69,135386,893],{"class":703},[69,135388,871],{"class":699},[69,135390,117],{"class":83},[69,135392,135393,135395,135397,135399,135401,135403,135405,135407,135409,135411],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,135394,172],{"class":128},[69,135396,132],{"class":83},[69,135398,871],{"class":699},[69,135400,2920],{"class":703},[69,135402,871],{"class":699},[69,135404,537],{"class":83},[69,135406,133992],{"class":146},[69,135408,132],{"class":83},[69,135410,6059],{"class":146},[69,135412,318],{"class":83},[20,135414,135415,135416,537],{},"This also causes a ",[15,135417,3728],{},[20,135419,135420],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[60,135422,135424],{"className":62,"code":135423,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135425,135426,135454,135484,135488],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135427,135428,135430,135432,135434,135436,135438,135440,135442,135444,135446,135448,135450,135452],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135429,4536],{"class":75},[69,135431,80],{"class":79},[69,135433,84],{"class":83},[69,135435,871],{"class":699},[69,135437,874],{"class":703},[69,135439,871],{"class":699},[69,135441,91],{"class":83},[69,135443,1282],{"class":1203},[69,135445,91],{"class":83},[69,135447,881],{"class":699},[69,135449,893],{"class":703},[69,135451,871],{"class":699},[69,135453,117],{"class":83},[69,135455,135456,135458,135460,135462,135464,135466,135468,135470,135472,135474,135476,135478,135480,135482],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,135457,123],{"class":75},[69,135459,80],{"class":79},[69,135461,881],{"class":699},[69,135463,2920],{"class":703},[69,135465,871],{"class":699},[69,135467,537],{"class":83},[69,135469,133992],{"class":146},[69,135471,132],{"class":83},[69,135473,2457],{"class":128},[69,135475,132],{"class":83},[69,135477,4164],{"class":177},[69,135479,91],{"class":83},[69,135481,4594],{"class":146},[69,135483,318],{"class":83},[69,135485,135486],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,135487,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,135489,135490,135492,135494,135496],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,135491,172],{"class":128},[69,135493,132],{"class":83},[69,135495,183],{"class":146},[69,135497,166],{"class":83},[20,135499,321],{},[60,135501,135503],{"className":62,"code":135502,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,135504,135505],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135506,135507,135509,135511,135513,135515],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135508,874],{"class":75},[69,135510,91],{"class":83},[69,135512,1282],{"class":1203},[69,135514,91],{"class":83},[69,135516,135517],{"class":75}," banana\n",[20,135519,135520,135521,135523],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,135522,1181],{}," values instead of converting them.",[377,135525,135527,135529],{"id":135526},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,135528,133915],{}," also works with tuples",[60,135531,135533],{"className":62,"code":135532,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,135534,135535,135567],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135536,135537,135539,135541,135543,135545,135547,135549,135551,135553,135555,135557,135559,135561,135563,135565],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135538,5699],{"class":75},[69,135540,80],{"class":79},[69,135542,441],{"class":83},[69,135544,871],{"class":699},[69,135546,8365],{"class":703},[69,135548,871],{"class":699},[69,135550,91],{"class":83},[69,135552,881],{"class":699},[69,135554,131921],{"class":703},[69,135556,871],{"class":699},[69,135558,91],{"class":83},[69,135560,881],{"class":699},[69,135562,8608],{"class":703},[69,135564,871],{"class":699},[69,135566,166],{"class":83},[69,135568,135569,135571,135573,135575,135578,135580,135582,135584,135586,135588],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,135570,172],{"class":128},[69,135572,132],{"class":83},[69,135574,871],{"class":699},[69,135576,135577],{"class":703}," \u002F ",[69,135579,871],{"class":699},[69,135581,537],{"class":83},[69,135583,133992],{"class":146},[69,135585,132],{"class":83},[69,135587,5743],{"class":146},[69,135589,318],{"class":83},[20,135591,321],{},[60,135593,135595],{"className":62,"code":135594,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135596,135597],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135598,135599,135602,135604,135607,135609],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135600,135601],{"class":75},"Sam ",[69,135603,127725],{"class":79},[69,135605,135606],{"class":75}," Lee ",[69,135608,127725],{"class":79},[69,135610,23023],{"class":75},[55,135612,135614,135615],{"id":135613},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135616,133915],{},[20,135618,135619],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[377,135621,135623,135624,135626],{"id":135622},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135625,3728],{}," because not all items are strings",[60,135628,135630],{"className":62,"code":135629,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135631,135632,135660],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135633,135634,135636,135638,135640,135642,135644,135646,135648,135650,135652,135654,135656,135658],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135635,1252],{"class":75},[69,135637,80],{"class":79},[69,135639,84],{"class":83},[69,135641,871],{"class":699},[69,135643,533],{"class":703},[69,135645,871],{"class":699},[69,135647,91],{"class":83},[69,135649,94],{"class":87},[69,135651,91],{"class":83},[69,135653,881],{"class":699},[69,135655,10425],{"class":703},[69,135657,871],{"class":699},[69,135659,117],{"class":83},[69,135661,135662,135664,135666,135668,135670,135672,135674,135676,135678],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,135663,172],{"class":128},[69,135665,132],{"class":83},[69,135667,871],{"class":699},[69,135669,881],{"class":699},[69,135671,537],{"class":83},[69,135673,133992],{"class":146},[69,135675,132],{"class":83},[69,135677,8497],{"class":146},[69,135679,318],{"class":83},[20,135681,48983,135682,135684],{},[15,135683,1155],{}," is an integer.",[20,135686,1849],{},[60,135688,135690],{"className":62,"code":135689,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135691,135692,135720],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135693,135694,135696,135698,135700,135702,135704,135706,135708,135710,135712,135714,135716,135718],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135695,1252],{"class":75},[69,135697,80],{"class":79},[69,135699,84],{"class":83},[69,135701,871],{"class":699},[69,135703,533],{"class":703},[69,135705,871],{"class":699},[69,135707,91],{"class":83},[69,135709,94],{"class":87},[69,135711,91],{"class":83},[69,135713,881],{"class":699},[69,135715,10425],{"class":703},[69,135717,871],{"class":699},[69,135719,117],{"class":83},[69,135721,135722,135724,135726,135728,135730,135732,135734,135736,135738,135740,135742,135744,135746],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,135723,172],{"class":128},[69,135725,132],{"class":83},[69,135727,871],{"class":699},[69,135729,881],{"class":699},[69,135731,537],{"class":83},[69,135733,133992],{"class":146},[69,135735,132],{"class":83},[69,135737,2457],{"class":128},[69,135739,132],{"class":83},[69,135741,4164],{"class":177},[69,135743,91],{"class":83},[69,135745,1319],{"class":146},[69,135747,2019],{"class":83},[20,135749,135750,135751,537],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[533,135752,26367,135754],{"href":135753},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135755,135756],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[377,135758,135760,135761,135763],{"id":135759},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135762,133915],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135765,5229],{},[60,135767,135769],{"className":62,"code":135768,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135770,135771,135803],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135772,135773,135775,135777,135779,135781,135783,135785,135787,135789,135791,135793,135795,135797,135799,135801],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135774,864],{"class":75},[69,135776,80],{"class":79},[69,135778,84],{"class":83},[69,135780,871],{"class":699},[69,135782,7985],{"class":703},[69,135784,871],{"class":699},[69,135786,91],{"class":83},[69,135788,881],{"class":699},[69,135790,12885],{"class":703},[69,135792,871],{"class":699},[69,135794,91],{"class":83},[69,135796,881],{"class":699},[69,135798,133973],{"class":703},[69,135800,871],{"class":699},[69,135802,117],{"class":83},[69,135804,135805,135807,135809,135811,135813,135815,135817,135819,135821],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,135806,123],{"class":75},[69,135808,80],{"class":79},[69,135810,948],{"class":75},[69,135812,537],{"class":83},[69,135814,133992],{"class":146},[69,135816,132],{"class":83},[69,135818,871],{"class":699},[69,135820,881],{"class":699},[69,135822,166],{"class":83},[20,135824,135825,135827],{},[15,135826,133915],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135829,11495],{},[60,135831,135833],{"className":62,"code":135832,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135834,135835,135867,135887,135891],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135836,135837,135839,135841,135843,135845,135847,135849,135851,135853,135855,135857,135859,135861,135863,135865],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135838,864],{"class":75},[69,135840,80],{"class":79},[69,135842,84],{"class":83},[69,135844,871],{"class":699},[69,135846,7985],{"class":703},[69,135848,871],{"class":699},[69,135850,91],{"class":83},[69,135852,881],{"class":699},[69,135854,12885],{"class":703},[69,135856,871],{"class":699},[69,135858,91],{"class":83},[69,135860,881],{"class":699},[69,135862,133973],{"class":703},[69,135864,871],{"class":699},[69,135866,117],{"class":83},[69,135868,135869,135871,135873,135875,135877,135879,135881,135883,135885],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,135870,123],{"class":75},[69,135872,80],{"class":79},[69,135874,881],{"class":699},[69,135876,881],{"class":699},[69,135878,537],{"class":83},[69,135880,133992],{"class":146},[69,135882,132],{"class":83},[69,135884,4817],{"class":146},[69,135886,166],{"class":83},[69,135888,135889],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,135890,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,135892,135893,135895,135897,135899],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,135894,172],{"class":128},[69,135896,132],{"class":83},[69,135898,183],{"class":146},[69,135900,166],{"class":83},[377,135902,135904],{"id":135903},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[60,135906,135908],{"className":62,"code":135907,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135909,135910,135942],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135911,135912,135914,135916,135918,135920,135922,135924,135926,135928,135930,135932,135934,135936,135938,135940],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135913,864],{"class":75},[69,135915,80],{"class":79},[69,135917,84],{"class":83},[69,135919,871],{"class":699},[69,135921,7273],{"class":703},[69,135923,871],{"class":699},[69,135925,91],{"class":83},[69,135927,881],{"class":699},[69,135929,79749],{"class":703},[69,135931,871],{"class":699},[69,135933,91],{"class":83},[69,135935,881],{"class":699},[69,135937,134719],{"class":703},[69,135939,871],{"class":699},[69,135941,117],{"class":83},[69,135943,135944,135946,135948,135950,135952,135954,135956,135958],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,135945,172],{"class":128},[69,135947,132],{"class":83},[69,135949,6967],{"class":699},[69,135951,537],{"class":83},[69,135953,133992],{"class":146},[69,135955,132],{"class":83},[69,135957,4817],{"class":146},[69,135959,318],{"class":83},[20,135961,321],{},[60,135963,135965],{"className":62,"code":135964,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"onetwothree\n",[15,135966,135967],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135968,135969],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135970,135964],{"class":75},[20,135972,135973,135974,7319],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135975,134060],{},[377,135977,135979,135980,132183],{"id":135978},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135981,133915],{},[60,135983,135985],{"className":62,"code":135984,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135986,135987,136019,136037,136041],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,135988,135989,135991,135993,135995,135997,135999,136001,136003,136005,136007,136009,136011,136013,136015,136017],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,135990,864],{"class":75},[69,135992,80],{"class":79},[69,135994,84],{"class":83},[69,135996,871],{"class":699},[69,135998,533],{"class":703},[69,136000,871],{"class":699},[69,136002,91],{"class":83},[69,136004,881],{"class":699},[69,136006,5465],{"class":703},[69,136008,871],{"class":699},[69,136010,91],{"class":83},[69,136012,881],{"class":699},[69,136014,10425],{"class":703},[69,136016,871],{"class":699},[69,136018,117],{"class":83},[69,136020,136021,136023,136025,136027,136029,136031,136033,136035],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,136022,871],{"class":43799},[69,136024,1972],{"class":43803},[69,136026,871],{"class":43799},[69,136028,537],{"class":83},[69,136030,133992],{"class":146},[69,136032,132],{"class":83},[69,136034,4817],{"class":146},[69,136036,166],{"class":83},[69,136038,136039],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,136040,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,136042,136043,136045,136047,136049],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,136044,172],{"class":128},[69,136046,132],{"class":83},[69,136048,4817],{"class":146},[69,136050,166],{"class":83},[20,136052,321],{},[60,136054,136055],{"className":62,"code":43346,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,136056,136057],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136058,136059,136061,136063,136065,136067,136069,136071,136073,136075,136077,136079,136081,136083],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,136060,331],{"class":83},[69,136062,706],{"class":699},[69,136064,533],{"class":703},[69,136066,706],{"class":699},[69,136068,91],{"class":83},[69,136070,700],{"class":699},[69,136072,5465],{"class":703},[69,136074,706],{"class":699},[69,136076,91],{"class":83},[69,136078,700],{"class":699},[69,136080,10425],{"class":703},[69,136082,706],{"class":699},[69,136084,117],{"class":83},[20,136086,136087,136088,136090],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,136089,133915],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[55,136092,136094,136096,136097],{"id":136093},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,136095,133915],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,136098,2792],{},[20,136100,11277,136101,5096,136103,136105],{},[15,136102,133915],{},[15,136104,2792],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[377,136107,1378,136109,136111],{"id":136108},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,136110,2792],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[60,136113,136115],{"className":62,"code":136114,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,136116,136117,136130,136143,136163,136167],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136118,136119,136122,136124,136126,136128],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,136120,136121],{"class":75},"first ",[69,136123,80],{"class":79},[69,136125,881],{"class":699},[69,136127,35555],{"class":703},[69,136129,4079],{"class":699},[69,136131,136132,136135,136137,136139,136141],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,136133,136134],{"class":75},"second ",[69,136136,80],{"class":79},[69,136138,881],{"class":699},[69,136140,90218],{"class":703},[69,136142,4079],{"class":699},[69,136144,136145,136147,136149,136152,136154,136156,136158,136160],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,136146,123],{"class":75},[69,136148,80],{"class":79},[69,136150,136151],{"class":75}," first ",[69,136153,2792],{"class":79},[69,136155,881],{"class":699},[69,136157,881],{"class":699},[69,136159,3180],{"class":79},[69,136161,136162],{"class":75}," second\n",[69,136164,136165],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,136166,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,136168,136169,136171,136173,136175],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,136170,172],{"class":128},[69,136172,132],{"class":83},[69,136174,183],{"class":146},[69,136176,166],{"class":83},[20,136178,321],{},[60,136180,136182],{"className":62,"code":136181,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Hello World\n",[15,136183,136184],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136185,136186],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,136187,136181],{"class":75},[377,136189,1378,136191,136193],{"id":136190},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,136192,133915],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[60,136195,136197],{"className":62,"code":136196,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,136198,136199,136241,136261,136265],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136200,136201,136203,136205,136207,136209,136211,136213,136215,136217,136220,136222,136224,136226,136229,136231,136233,136235,136237,136239],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,136202,864],{"class":75},[69,136204,80],{"class":79},[69,136206,84],{"class":83},[69,136208,871],{"class":699},[69,136210,7985],{"class":703},[69,136212,871],{"class":699},[69,136214,91],{"class":83},[69,136216,881],{"class":699},[69,136218,136219],{"class":703},"makes",[69,136221,871],{"class":699},[69,136223,91],{"class":83},[69,136225,881],{"class":699},[69,136227,136228],{"class":703},"this",[69,136230,871],{"class":699},[69,136232,91],{"class":83},[69,136234,881],{"class":699},[69,136236,134414],{"class":703},[69,136238,871],{"class":699},[69,136240,117],{"class":83},[69,136242,136243,136245,136247,136249,136251,136253,136255,136257,136259],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,136244,123],{"class":75},[69,136246,80],{"class":79},[69,136248,881],{"class":699},[69,136250,881],{"class":699},[69,136252,537],{"class":83},[69,136254,133992],{"class":146},[69,136256,132],{"class":83},[69,136258,4817],{"class":146},[69,136260,166],{"class":83},[69,136262,136263],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,136264,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,136266,136267,136269,136271,136273],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,136268,172],{"class":128},[69,136270,132],{"class":83},[69,136272,183],{"class":146},[69,136274,166],{"class":83},[20,136276,321],{},[60,136278,136280],{"className":62,"code":136279,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,136281,136282],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136283,136284],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,136285,136279],{"class":75},[20,136287,136288,136290],{},[15,136289,133915],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[29,136292,136293,136296,136299],{},[32,136294,136295],{},"You already have a list of strings",[32,136297,136298],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[32,136300,136301,136302,136304],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,136303,2792],{}," operators",[20,136306,136307,136308,537],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[533,136309,136311],{"href":136310},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[55,136313,136315],{"id":136314},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,136317,9561,136318,136320],{},[15,136319,133915],{}," is not working, check these first:",[29,136322,136323,136326,136331,136340,136346],{},[32,136324,136325],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[32,136327,136328,136329],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,136330,1181],{},[32,136332,136333,136334,11780,136337],{},"You may have written ",[15,136335,136336],{},"list.join(...)",[15,136338,136339],{},"string.join(...)",[32,136341,136342,136343,136345],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,136344,133915],{}," to change the original iterable",[32,136347,136348],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,136350,94858],{},[60,136352,136354],{"className":62,"code":136353,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,136355,136356,136370,136380,136404,136444],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136357,136358,136360,136362,136364,136366,136368],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,136359,172],{"class":128},[69,136361,132],{"class":83},[69,136363,641],{"class":177},[69,136365,132],{"class":83},[69,136367,8497],{"class":146},[69,136369,318],{"class":83},[69,136371,136372,136374,136376,136378],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,136373,172],{"class":128},[69,136375,132],{"class":83},[69,136377,8497],{"class":146},[69,136379,166],{"class":83},[69,136381,136382,136384,136386,136388,136390,136392,136394,136396,136398,136400,136402],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,136383,172],{"class":128},[69,136385,3710],{"class":83},[69,136387,641],{"class":177},[69,136389,132],{"class":83},[69,136391,23999],{"class":146},[69,136393,938],{"class":83},[69,136395,4587],{"class":1053},[69,136397,6658],{"class":146},[69,136399,1574],{"class":1053},[69,136401,1319],{"class":146},[69,136403,618],{"class":83},[69,136405,136406,136408,136410,136412,136414,136416,136418,136420,136422,136424,136426,136428,136430,136432,136434,136436,136438,136440,136442],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,136407,172],{"class":128},[69,136409,132],{"class":83},[69,136411,706],{"class":699},[69,136413,700],{"class":699},[69,136415,537],{"class":83},[69,136417,133992],{"class":146},[69,136419,3710],{"class":83},[69,136421,706],{"class":699},[69,136423,533],{"class":703},[69,136425,706],{"class":699},[69,136427,91],{"class":83},[69,136429,700],{"class":699},[69,136431,5465],{"class":703},[69,136433,706],{"class":699},[69,136435,91],{"class":83},[69,136437,700],{"class":699},[69,136439,10425],{"class":703},[69,136441,706],{"class":699},[69,136443,2201],{"class":83},[69,136445,136446,136448,136450,136452,136454,136456,136458,136460,136462,136464,136466,136468,136470,136472,136474,136476,136478,136480,136482],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,136447,172],{"class":128},[69,136449,132],{"class":83},[69,136451,706],{"class":699},[69,136453,2920],{"class":703},[69,136455,706],{"class":699},[69,136457,537],{"class":83},[69,136459,133992],{"class":146},[69,136461,132],{"class":83},[69,136463,2457],{"class":128},[69,136465,132],{"class":83},[69,136467,4164],{"class":177},[69,136469,91],{"class":83},[69,136471,84],{"class":83},[69,136473,88],{"class":87},[69,136475,91],{"class":83},[69,136477,94],{"class":87},[69,136479,91],{"class":83},[69,136481,99],{"class":87},[69,136483,2305],{"class":83},[20,136485,136486],{},"What these checks do:",[29,136488,136489,136497,136503,136509,136518],{},[32,136490,136491,136494,136495,8783],{},[15,136492,136493],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,136496,8497],{},[32,136498,136499,136502],{},[15,136500,136501],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[32,136504,136505,136508],{},[15,136506,136507],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[32,136510,136511,136514,136515,136517],{},[15,136512,136513],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,136516,133915],{}," behavior",[32,136519,136520,136523],{},[15,136521,136522],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[55,136525,2519],{"id":2518},[377,136527,2523,136529,136531],{"id":136528},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,136530,133915],{}," work with numbers?",[20,136533,136534,136535,136537,136538,537],{},"Not directly. ",[15,136536,133915],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,136539,136540],{},"map(str, values)",[377,136542,2523,136544,57639],{"id":136543},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,136545,133915],{},[20,136547,136548],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[377,136550,2551,136552,63112],{"id":136551},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,136553,133915],{},[20,136555,42622,136556,136558],{},[15,136557,133915],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[377,136560,2561,136562,2565],{"id":136561},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136563,136564],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136566,136567],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[377,136569,136571,136572,136574,136575,3218],{"id":136570},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136573,3728],{}," when using ",[15,136576,133915],{},[20,136578,136579],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[55,136581,2620],{"id":2619},[29,136583,136584,136589,136595,136601,136607],{},[32,136585,136586],{},[533,136587,136588],{"href":136310},"How to join strings in Python",[32,136590,136591],{},[533,136592,126833,136593,11428],{"href":129520},[15,136594,61008],{},[32,136596,136597],{},[533,136598,13,136599,2515],{"href":42645},[15,136600,48156],{},[32,136602,136603],{},[533,136604,31036,136605],{"href":135753},[15,136606,135756],{},[32,136608,136609],{},[533,136610,125588],{"href":51449},[20,136612,97828,136613,136615],{},[15,136614,133915],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2650,136617,136618],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":136620},[136621,136622,136624,136627,136634,136644,136652,136662,136669,136670,136682],{"id":4326,"depth":120,"text":4327},{"id":134032,"depth":120,"text":136623},"What join() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888,"children":136625},[136626],{"id":49482,"depth":169,"text":49483},{"id":122363,"depth":120,"text":122364,"children":136628},[136629,136630,136631,136632],{"id":134379,"depth":169,"text":134380},{"id":134471,"depth":169,"text":134472},{"id":134572,"depth":169,"text":134573},{"id":134681,"depth":169,"text":136633},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134784,"depth":120,"text":134785,"children":136635},[136636,136638,136640,136642],{"id":134791,"depth":169,"text":136637},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134858,"depth":169,"text":136639},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134947,"depth":169,"text":136641},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":135033,"depth":169,"text":136643},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":135108,"depth":120,"text":135109,"children":136645},[136646,136647,136648,136650],{"id":135117,"depth":169,"text":135118},{"id":135200,"depth":169,"text":135201},{"id":135354,"depth":169,"text":136649},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135526,"depth":169,"text":136651},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135613,"depth":120,"text":136653,"children":136654},"Common errors with join()",[136655,136657,136659,136660],{"id":135622,"depth":169,"text":136656},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135759,"depth":169,"text":136658},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135903,"depth":169,"text":135904},{"id":135978,"depth":169,"text":136661},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":136093,"depth":120,"text":136663,"children":136664},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136665,136667],{"id":136108,"depth":169,"text":136666},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":136190,"depth":169,"text":136668},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":136314,"depth":120,"text":136315},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":136671},[136672,136674,136676,136678,136680],{"id":136528,"depth":169,"text":136673},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136543,"depth":169,"text":136675},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136551,"depth":169,"text":136677},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136561,"depth":169,"text":136679},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136570,"depth":169,"text":136681},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133907,"description":136683},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136690,"title":136691,"body":136692,"description":138260,"extension":2697,"meta":138261,"navigation":272,"path":138262,"seo":138263,"stem":138264,"__hash__":138265},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136693,"toc":138227},[136694,136699,136704,136706,136720,136765,136772,136777,136782,136784,136800,136809,136811,136813,136828,136830,136840,136842,136904,136906,136909,136970,136972,136988,136990,137003,137006,137053,137055,137061,137064,137067,137127,137135,137221,137225,137230,137232,137246,137249,137334,137337,137395,137406,137461,137463,137470,137476,137482,137526,137529,137576,137578,137580,137587,137589,137620,137623,137625,137656,137660,137663,137665,137705,137707,137750,137756,137761,137763,137790,137795,137798,137847,137851,137854,137929,137940,137943,138000,138007,138013,138021,138026,138033,138040,138058,138060,138114,138122,138124,138129,138132,138138,138144,138149,138152,138158,138164,138171,138179,138181,138224],[10,136695,123833,136697,12011],{"id":136696},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136698,124563],{},[20,136700,123838,136701,136703],{},[15,136702,124563],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136705,24776],{},[29,136707,136708,136711,136714,136717],{},[32,136709,136710],{},"convert text to lowercase",[32,136712,136713],{},"compare text without case differences",[32,136715,136716],{},"clean up user input",[32,136718,136719],{},"make simple text matching easier",[60,136721,136723],{"className":62,"code":136722,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136724,136725,136738,136752],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136726,136727,136729,136731,136733,136736],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,136728,35378],{"class":75},[69,136730,80],{"class":79},[69,136732,881],{"class":699},[69,136734,136735],{"class":703},"Hello WORLD",[69,136737,4079],{"class":699},[69,136739,136740,136742,136744,136746,136748,136750],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,136741,123],{"class":75},[69,136743,80],{"class":79},[69,136745,43312],{"class":75},[69,136747,537],{"class":83},[69,136749,9326],{"class":146},[69,136751,9329],{"class":83},[69,136753,136754,136756,136758,136760,136762],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,136755,172],{"class":128},[69,136757,132],{"class":83},[69,136759,183],{"class":146},[69,136761,938],{"class":83},[69,136763,136764],{"class":189},"  # hello world\n",[20,136766,136767,89441,136769,136771],{},[42,136768,84299],{},[15,136770,124563],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[55,136773,202,136775,205],{"id":136774},"what-lower-does",[15,136776,124563],{},[20,136778,136779,136781],{},[15,136780,124563],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136783,13744],{},[29,136785,136786,136791,136794,136797],{},[32,136787,136788,136790],{},[15,136789,124563],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[32,136792,136793],{},"It works on string objects",[32,136795,136796],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[32,136798,136799],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136801,125585,136802,136806,136807,537],{},[533,136803,136805],{"href":136804},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[533,136808,51450],{"href":51449},[55,136810,2888],{"id":2887},[20,136812,354],{},[60,136814,136816],{"className":62,"code":136815,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"string.lower()\n",[15,136817,136818],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136819,136820,136822,136824,136826],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,136821,61651],{"class":75},[69,136823,537],{"class":83},[69,136825,9326],{"class":146},[69,136827,9329],{"class":83},[20,136829,44121],{},[29,136831,136832,136834,136837],{},[32,136833,98006],{},[32,136835,136836],{},"You call it directly on a string",[32,136838,136839],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136841,234],{},[60,136843,136845],{"className":62,"code":136844,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136846,136847,136870,136874,136887],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136848,136849,136851,136853,136855,136858,136860,136862,136864,136867],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,136850,172],{"class":128},[69,136852,132],{"class":83},[69,136854,871],{"class":699},[69,136856,136857],{"class":703},"HELLO",[69,136859,871],{"class":699},[69,136861,537],{"class":83},[69,136863,9326],{"class":146},[69,136865,136866],{"class":83},"())",[69,136868,136869],{"class":189},"  # hello\n",[69,136871,136872],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,136873,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,136875,136876,136878,136880,136882,136885],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,136877,8563],{"class":75},[69,136879,80],{"class":79},[69,136881,881],{"class":699},[69,136883,136884],{"class":703},"PyThOn",[69,136886,4079],{"class":699},[69,136888,136889,136891,136893,136895,136897,136899,136901],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,136890,172],{"class":128},[69,136892,132],{"class":83},[69,136894,8356],{"class":146},[69,136896,537],{"class":83},[69,136898,9326],{"class":146},[69,136900,136866],{"class":83},[69,136902,136903],{"class":189},"  # python\n",[55,136905,12165],{"id":12164},[20,136907,136908],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[60,136910,136912],{"className":62,"code":136911,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136913,136914,136926,136930,136945,136949,136960],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136915,136916,136918,136920,136922,136924],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,136917,35378],{"class":75},[69,136919,80],{"class":79},[69,136921,881],{"class":699},[69,136923,136735],{"class":703},[69,136925,4079],{"class":699},[69,136927,136928],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,136929,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,136931,136932,136935,136937,136939,136941,136943],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,136933,136934],{"class":75},"lower_text ",[69,136936,80],{"class":79},[69,136938,43312],{"class":75},[69,136940,537],{"class":83},[69,136942,9326],{"class":146},[69,136944,9329],{"class":83},[69,136946,136947],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,136948,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,136950,136951,136953,136955,136958],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,136952,172],{"class":128},[69,136954,132],{"class":83},[69,136956,136957],{"class":146},"lower_text",[69,136959,166],{"class":83},[69,136961,136962,136964,136966,136968],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,136963,172],{"class":128},[69,136965,132],{"class":83},[69,136967,35399],{"class":146},[69,136969,166],{"class":83},[20,136971,321],{},[60,136973,136975],{"className":62,"code":136974,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136976,136977,136981],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,136978,136979],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,136980,134849],{"class":75},[69,136982,136983,136985],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,136984,132249],{"class":75},[69,136986,136987],{"class":685},"WORLD\n",[20,136989,25296],{},[29,136991,136992,136997],{},[32,136993,136994,136996],{},[15,136995,124563],{}," returns the lowercase result",[32,136998,136999,137000,137002],{},"the original ",[15,137001,35399],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,137004,137005],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[60,137007,137009],{"className":62,"code":137008,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,137010,137011,137023,137037,137041],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137012,137013,137015,137017,137019,137021],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137014,35378],{"class":75},[69,137016,80],{"class":79},[69,137018,881],{"class":699},[69,137020,136735],{"class":703},[69,137022,4079],{"class":699},[69,137024,137025,137027,137029,137031,137033,137035],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,137026,35378],{"class":75},[69,137028,80],{"class":79},[69,137030,43312],{"class":75},[69,137032,537],{"class":83},[69,137034,9326],{"class":146},[69,137036,9329],{"class":83},[69,137038,137039],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,137040,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,137042,137043,137045,137047,137049,137051],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,137044,172],{"class":128},[69,137046,132],{"class":83},[69,137048,35399],{"class":146},[69,137050,938],{"class":83},[69,137052,136764],{"class":189},[55,137054,18108],{"id":18107},[20,137056,137057,547,137059,537],{},[15,137058,124563],{},[42,137060,61651],{},[20,137062,137063],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,137065,137066],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[60,137068,137070],{"className":62,"code":137069,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,137071,137072,137086,137090,137113],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137073,137074,137077,137079,137081,137084],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137075,137076],{"class":75},"answer ",[69,137078,80],{"class":79},[69,137080,881],{"class":699},[69,137082,137083],{"class":703},"YES",[69,137085,4079],{"class":699},[69,137087,137088],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,137089,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,137091,137092,137094,137097,137099,137101,137103,137105,137107,137109,137111],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,137093,1712],{"class":1053},[69,137095,137096],{"class":75}," answer",[69,137098,537],{"class":83},[69,137100,9326],{"class":146},[69,137102,8053],{"class":83},[69,137104,155],{"class":79},[69,137106,881],{"class":699},[69,137108,9344],{"class":703},[69,137110,871],{"class":699},[69,137112,1579],{"class":83},[69,137114,137115,137117,137119,137121,137123,137125],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,137116,8756],{"class":128},[69,137118,132],{"class":83},[69,137120,871],{"class":699},[69,137122,97315],{"class":703},[69,137124,871],{"class":699},[69,137126,166],{"class":83},[20,137128,137129,137130,143],{},"This is especially useful with ",[533,137131,137132,137133,3030],{"href":8906},"the ",[15,137134,3682],{},[60,137136,137138],{"className":62,"code":137137,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,137139,137140,137159,137163,137185,137200,137206],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137141,137142,137144,137146,137148,137150,137152,137155,137157],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137143,137076],{"class":75},[69,137145,80],{"class":79},[69,137147,8929],{"class":128},[69,137149,132],{"class":83},[69,137151,871],{"class":699},[69,137153,137154],{"class":703},"Type yes or no: ",[69,137156,871],{"class":699},[69,137158,166],{"class":83},[69,137160,137161],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,137162,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,137164,137165,137167,137169,137171,137173,137175,137177,137179,137181,137183],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,137166,1712],{"class":1053},[69,137168,137096],{"class":75},[69,137170,537],{"class":83},[69,137172,9326],{"class":146},[69,137174,8053],{"class":83},[69,137176,155],{"class":79},[69,137178,881],{"class":699},[69,137180,9344],{"class":703},[69,137182,871],{"class":699},[69,137184,1579],{"class":83},[69,137186,137187,137189,137191,137193,137196,137198],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,137188,8756],{"class":128},[69,137190,132],{"class":83},[69,137192,871],{"class":699},[69,137194,137195],{"class":703},"You typed yes",[69,137197,871],{"class":699},[69,137199,166],{"class":83},[69,137201,137202,137204],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,137203,28122],{"class":1053},[69,137205,1579],{"class":83},[69,137207,137208,137210,137212,137214,137217,137219],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,137209,8756],{"class":128},[69,137211,132],{"class":83},[69,137213,871],{"class":699},[69,137215,137216],{"class":703},"You typed something else",[69,137218,871],{"class":699},[69,137220,166],{"class":83},[55,137222,137224],{"id":137223},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,137226,137227,137229],{},[15,137228,124563],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,137231,8030],{},[29,137233,137234,137237,137240,137243],{},[32,137235,137236],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[32,137238,137239],{},"Make text matching easier",[32,137241,137242],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[32,137244,137245],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,137247,137248],{},"Example: checking user input",[60,137250,137252],{"className":62,"code":137251,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,137253,137254,137272,137276,137298,137313,137319],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137255,137256,137258,137260,137262,137264,137266,137268,137270],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137257,45430],{"class":75},[69,137259,80],{"class":79},[69,137261,8929],{"class":128},[69,137263,132],{"class":83},[69,137265,871],{"class":699},[69,137267,45441],{"class":703},[69,137269,871],{"class":699},[69,137271,166],{"class":83},[69,137273,137274],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,137275,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,137277,137278,137280,137282,137284,137286,137288,137290,137292,137294,137296],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,137279,1712],{"class":1053},[69,137281,36540],{"class":75},[69,137283,537],{"class":83},[69,137285,9326],{"class":146},[69,137287,8053],{"class":83},[69,137289,155],{"class":79},[69,137291,881],{"class":699},[69,137293,13802],{"class":703},[69,137295,871],{"class":699},[69,137297,1579],{"class":83},[69,137299,137300,137302,137304,137306,137309,137311],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,137301,8756],{"class":128},[69,137303,132],{"class":83},[69,137305,871],{"class":699},[69,137307,137308],{"class":703},"Nice choice!",[69,137310,871],{"class":699},[69,137312,166],{"class":83},[69,137314,137315,137317],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,137316,28122],{"class":1053},[69,137318,1579],{"class":83},[69,137320,137321,137323,137325,137327,137330,137332],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,137322,8756],{"class":128},[69,137324,132],{"class":83},[69,137326,871],{"class":699},[69,137328,137329],{"class":703},"Got it.",[69,137331,871],{"class":699},[69,137333,166],{"class":83},[20,137335,137336],{},"Example: simple search",[60,137338,137340],{"className":62,"code":137339,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,137341,137342,137355,137359,137380],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137343,137344,137346,137348,137350,137353],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137345,90485],{"class":75},[69,137347,80],{"class":79},[69,137349,881],{"class":699},[69,137351,137352],{"class":703},"Python Is Fun",[69,137354,4079],{"class":699},[69,137356,137357],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,137358,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,137360,137361,137363,137365,137367,137369,137371,137374,137376,137378],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,137362,1712],{"class":1053},[69,137364,881],{"class":699},[69,137366,64],{"class":703},[69,137368,871],{"class":699},[69,137370,21864],{"class":79},[69,137372,137373],{"class":75}," message",[69,137375,537],{"class":83},[69,137377,9326],{"class":146},[69,137379,22285],{"class":83},[69,137381,137382,137384,137386,137388,137391,137393],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,137383,8756],{"class":128},[69,137385,132],{"class":83},[69,137387,871],{"class":699},[69,137389,137390],{"class":703},"Found it",[69,137392,871],{"class":699},[69,137394,166],{"class":83},[20,137396,137397,137398,137400,137401,143],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,137399,124563],{}," is often used with ",[533,137402,137404],{"href":137403},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,137405,42123],{},[60,137407,137409],{"className":62,"code":137408,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,137410,137411,137424,137443,137447],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137412,137413,137415,137417,137419,137422],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137414,8563],{"class":75},[69,137416,80],{"class":79},[69,137418,881],{"class":699},[69,137420,137421],{"class":703},"  ALICE  ",[69,137423,4079],{"class":699},[69,137425,137426,137429,137431,137433,137435,137437,137439,137441],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,137427,137428],{"class":75},"clean_name ",[69,137430,80],{"class":79},[69,137432,36681],{"class":75},[69,137434,537],{"class":83},[69,137436,9320],{"class":146},[69,137438,9323],{"class":83},[69,137440,9326],{"class":146},[69,137442,9329],{"class":83},[69,137444,137445],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,137446,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,137448,137449,137451,137453,137456,137458],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,137450,172],{"class":128},[69,137452,132],{"class":83},[69,137454,137455],{"class":146},"clean_name",[69,137457,938],{"class":83},[69,137459,137460],{"class":189},"  # alice\n",[55,137462,16288],{"id":16287},[20,137464,137465,137466,137469],{},"Strings are ",[42,137467,137468],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,137471,137472,137473,137475],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,137474,124563],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,137477,137478,137479,137481],{},"So this does ",[42,137480,5334],{}," update the original variable:",[60,137483,137485],{"className":62,"code":137484,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,137486,137487,137499,137509,137513],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137488,137489,137491,137493,137495,137497],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137490,35378],{"class":75},[69,137492,80],{"class":79},[69,137494,881],{"class":699},[69,137496,136857],{"class":703},[69,137498,4079],{"class":699},[69,137500,137501,137503,137505,137507],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,137502,35399],{"class":75},[69,137504,537],{"class":83},[69,137506,9326],{"class":146},[69,137508,9329],{"class":83},[69,137510,137511],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,137512,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,137514,137515,137517,137519,137521,137523],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,137516,172],{"class":128},[69,137518,132],{"class":83},[69,137520,35399],{"class":146},[69,137522,938],{"class":83},[69,137524,137525],{"class":189},"  # HELLO\n",[20,137527,137528],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[60,137530,137532],{"className":62,"code":137531,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137533,137534,137546,137560,137564],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137535,137536,137538,137540,137542,137544],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137537,35378],{"class":75},[69,137539,80],{"class":79},[69,137541,881],{"class":699},[69,137543,136857],{"class":703},[69,137545,4079],{"class":699},[69,137547,137548,137550,137552,137554,137556,137558],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,137549,35378],{"class":75},[69,137551,80],{"class":79},[69,137553,43312],{"class":75},[69,137555,537],{"class":83},[69,137557,9326],{"class":146},[69,137559,9329],{"class":83},[69,137561,137562],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,137563,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,137565,137566,137568,137570,137572,137574],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,137567,172],{"class":128},[69,137569,132],{"class":83},[69,137571,35399],{"class":146},[69,137573,938],{"class":83},[69,137575,136869],{"class":189},[55,137577,1771],{"id":1770},[377,137579,26375],{"id":26374},[20,137581,137582,137583,11780,137585,537],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137584,9326],{},[15,137586,124563],{},[20,137588,2235],{},[60,137590,137592],{"className":62,"code":137591,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137593,137594,137606],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137595,137596,137598,137600,137602,137604],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137597,35378],{"class":75},[69,137599,80],{"class":79},[69,137601,881],{"class":699},[69,137603,136857],{"class":703},[69,137605,4079],{"class":699},[69,137607,137608,137610,137612,137614,137616,137618],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,137609,172],{"class":128},[69,137611,132],{"class":83},[69,137613,35399],{"class":146},[69,137615,537],{"class":83},[69,137617,9326],{"class":25438},[69,137619,166],{"class":83},[20,137621,137622],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137624,2253],{},[60,137626,137628],{"className":62,"code":137627,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137629,137630,137642],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137631,137632,137634,137636,137638,137640],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137633,35378],{"class":75},[69,137635,80],{"class":79},[69,137637,881],{"class":699},[69,137639,136857],{"class":703},[69,137641,4079],{"class":699},[69,137643,137644,137646,137648,137650,137652,137654],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,137645,172],{"class":128},[69,137647,132],{"class":83},[69,137649,35399],{"class":146},[69,137651,537],{"class":83},[69,137653,9326],{"class":146},[69,137655,7882],{"class":83},[377,137657,137659],{"id":137658},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137661,137662],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137664,2235],{},[60,137666,137668],{"className":62,"code":137667,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137669,137670,137682,137692],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137671,137672,137674,137676,137678,137680],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137673,35378],{"class":75},[69,137675,80],{"class":79},[69,137677,881],{"class":699},[69,137679,136857],{"class":703},[69,137681,4079],{"class":699},[69,137683,137684,137686,137688,137690],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,137685,35399],{"class":75},[69,137687,537],{"class":83},[69,137689,9326],{"class":146},[69,137691,9329],{"class":83},[69,137693,137694,137696,137698,137700,137702],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,137695,172],{"class":128},[69,137697,132],{"class":83},[69,137699,35399],{"class":146},[69,137701,938],{"class":83},[69,137703,137704],{"class":189},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137706,2253],{},[60,137708,137710],{"className":62,"code":137709,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137711,137712,137724,137738],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137713,137714,137716,137718,137720,137722],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137715,35378],{"class":75},[69,137717,80],{"class":79},[69,137719,881],{"class":699},[69,137721,136857],{"class":703},[69,137723,4079],{"class":699},[69,137725,137726,137728,137730,137732,137734,137736],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,137727,35378],{"class":75},[69,137729,80],{"class":79},[69,137731,43312],{"class":75},[69,137733,537],{"class":83},[69,137735,9326],{"class":146},[69,137737,9329],{"class":83},[69,137739,137740,137742,137744,137746,137748],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,137741,172],{"class":128},[69,137743,132],{"class":83},[69,137745,35399],{"class":146},[69,137747,938],{"class":83},[69,137749,136869],{"class":189},[377,137751,840,137753,137755],{"id":137752},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137754,124563],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137757,137758,137760],{},[15,137759,124563],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137762,2235],{},[60,137764,137766],{"className":62,"code":137765,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137767,137768,137776],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137769,137770,137772,137774],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137771,1700],{"class":75},[69,137773,80],{"class":79},[69,137775,125515],{"class":87},[69,137777,137778,137780,137782,137784,137786,137788],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,137779,172],{"class":128},[69,137781,132],{"class":83},[69,137783,1045],{"class":146},[69,137785,537],{"class":83},[69,137787,9326],{"class":146},[69,137789,7882],{"class":83},[20,137791,137792,137793,34291],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137794,124563],{},[20,137796,137797],{},"You can check the type first:",[60,137799,137801],{"className":62,"code":137800,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137802,137803,137815,137819,137833],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137804,137805,137807,137809,137811,137813],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137806,35378],{"class":75},[69,137808,80],{"class":79},[69,137810,881],{"class":699},[69,137812,136857],{"class":703},[69,137814,4079],{"class":699},[69,137816,137817],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,137818,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,137820,137821,137823,137825,137827,137829,137831],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,137822,172],{"class":128},[69,137824,132],{"class":83},[69,137826,641],{"class":177},[69,137828,132],{"class":83},[69,137830,35399],{"class":146},[69,137832,318],{"class":83},[69,137834,137835,137837,137839,137841,137843,137845],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,137836,172],{"class":128},[69,137838,132],{"class":83},[69,137840,35399],{"class":146},[69,137842,537],{"class":83},[69,137844,9326],{"class":146},[69,137846,7882],{"class":83},[377,137848,137850],{"id":137849},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137852,137853],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[60,137855,137857],{"className":62,"code":137856,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137858,137859,137872,137876,137893,137908,137914],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137860,137861,137863,137865,137867,137870],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137862,137076],{"class":75},[69,137864,80],{"class":79},[69,137866,881],{"class":699},[69,137868,137869],{"class":703},"Yes",[69,137871,4079],{"class":699},[69,137873,137874],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,137875,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,137877,137878,137880,137883,137885,137887,137889,137891],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,137879,1712],{"class":1053},[69,137881,137882],{"class":75}," answer ",[69,137884,5392],{"class":79},[69,137886,881],{"class":699},[69,137888,9344],{"class":703},[69,137890,871],{"class":699},[69,137892,1579],{"class":83},[69,137894,137895,137897,137899,137901,137904,137906],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,137896,8756],{"class":128},[69,137898,132],{"class":83},[69,137900,871],{"class":699},[69,137902,137903],{"class":703},"Match",[69,137905,871],{"class":699},[69,137907,166],{"class":83},[69,137909,137910,137912],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,137911,28122],{"class":1053},[69,137913,1579],{"class":83},[69,137915,137916,137918,137920,137922,137925,137927],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,137917,8756],{"class":128},[69,137919,132],{"class":83},[69,137921,871],{"class":699},[69,137923,137924],{"class":703},"No match",[69,137926,871],{"class":699},[69,137928,166],{"class":83},[20,137930,29749,137931,5096,137934,137937,137938,537],{},[15,137932,137933],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137935,137936],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137939,137924],{},[20,137941,137942],{},"Better:",[60,137944,137946],{"className":62,"code":137945,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137947,137948,137960,137964,137986],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,137949,137950,137952,137954,137956,137958],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,137951,137076],{"class":75},[69,137953,80],{"class":79},[69,137955,881],{"class":699},[69,137957,137869],{"class":703},[69,137959,4079],{"class":699},[69,137961,137962],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,137963,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,137965,137966,137968,137970,137972,137974,137976,137978,137980,137982,137984],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,137967,1712],{"class":1053},[69,137969,137096],{"class":75},[69,137971,537],{"class":83},[69,137973,9326],{"class":146},[69,137975,8053],{"class":83},[69,137977,155],{"class":79},[69,137979,881],{"class":699},[69,137981,9344],{"class":703},[69,137983,871],{"class":699},[69,137985,1579],{"class":83},[69,137987,137988,137990,137992,137994,137996,137998],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,137989,8756],{"class":128},[69,137991,132],{"class":83},[69,137993,871],{"class":699},[69,137995,137903],{"class":703},[69,137997,871],{"class":699},[69,137999,166],{"class":83},[377,138001,44684,138003,138006],{"id":138002},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,138004,138005],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,138008,138009,138010,138012],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,138011,124563],{}," is enough.",[20,138014,138015,138016,138018,138019,537],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,138017,138005],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,138020,124563],{},[20,138022,138023,138024,123075],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,138025,124563],{},[55,138027,138029,11272,138031],{"id":138028},"lower-vs-upper",[15,138030,124563],{},[15,138032,128711],{},[20,138034,138035,5096,138037,138039],{},[15,138036,124563],{},[15,138038,128711],{}," are very similar.",[29,138041,138042,138047,138052,138055],{},[32,138043,138044,138046],{},[15,138045,124563],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[32,138048,138049,138051],{},[15,138050,128711],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[32,138053,138054],{},"Both return new strings",[32,138056,138057],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,138059,234],{},[60,138061,138063],{"className":62,"code":138062,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,138064,138065,138077,138081,138097],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138066,138067,138069,138071,138073,138075],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138068,35378],{"class":75},[69,138070,80],{"class":79},[69,138072,881],{"class":699},[69,138074,129552],{"class":703},[69,138076,4079],{"class":699},[69,138078,138079],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,138080,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,138082,138083,138085,138087,138089,138091,138093,138095],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,138084,172],{"class":128},[69,138086,132],{"class":83},[69,138088,35399],{"class":146},[69,138090,537],{"class":83},[69,138092,9326],{"class":146},[69,138094,136866],{"class":83},[69,138096,136764],{"class":189},[69,138098,138099,138101,138103,138105,138107,138109,138111],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,138100,172],{"class":128},[69,138102,132],{"class":83},[69,138104,35399],{"class":146},[69,138106,537],{"class":83},[69,138108,35168],{"class":146},[69,138110,136866],{"class":83},[69,138112,138113],{"class":189},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,138115,138116,138117,537],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[533,138118,126833,138120,11428],{"href":138119},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,138121,128711],{},[55,138123,2519],{"id":2518},[377,138125,2523,138127,125160],{"id":138126},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,138128,124563],{},[20,138130,138131],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[377,138133,2523,138135,138137],{"id":138134},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,138136,124563],{}," take any arguments?",[20,138139,138140,138141,537],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,138142,138143],{},"string.lower()",[377,138145,2561,138147,13407],{"id":138146},"what-does-lower-return",[15,138148,124563],{},[20,138150,138151],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[377,138153,2551,138155,138157],{"id":138154},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,138156,124563],{}," on user input?",[20,138159,138160,138161,138163],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,138162,3682],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[377,138165,5881,138167,5096,138169,3218],{"id":138166},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,138168,124563],{},[15,138170,138005],{},[20,138172,138173,138175,138176,138178],{},[15,138174,124563],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,138177,138005],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[55,138180,2620],{"id":2619},[29,138182,138183,138187,138193,138199,138205,138209,138213,138219],{},[32,138184,138185],{},[533,138186,51450],{"href":51449},[32,138188,138189],{},[533,138190,126833,138191,11428],{"href":138119},[15,138192,128711],{},[32,138194,138195],{},[533,138196,126833,138197,11428],{"href":137403},[15,138198,42123],{},[32,138200,138201],{},[533,138202,126833,138203,11428],{"href":130414},[15,138204,125004],{},[32,138206,138207],{},[533,138208,125232],{"href":124088},[32,138210,138211],{},[533,138212,91161],{"href":90170},[32,138214,138215],{},[533,138216,13,138217,2515],{"href":8906},[15,138218,3682],{},[32,138220,138221],{},[533,138222,138223],{"href":136804},"What is a string in Python?",[2650,138225,138226],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":138228},[138229,138231,138232,138233,138234,138235,138236,138245,138247,138259],{"id":136774,"depth":120,"text":138230},"What lower() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":12164,"depth":120,"text":12165},{"id":18107,"depth":120,"text":18108},{"id":137223,"depth":120,"text":137224},{"id":16287,"depth":120,"text":16288},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771,"children":138237},[138238,138239,138240,138242,138243],{"id":26374,"depth":169,"text":26375},{"id":137658,"depth":169,"text":137659},{"id":137752,"depth":169,"text":138241},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137849,"depth":169,"text":137850},{"id":138002,"depth":169,"text":138244},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":138028,"depth":120,"text":138246},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":138248},[138249,138251,138253,138255,138257],{"id":138126,"depth":169,"text":138250},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":138134,"depth":169,"text":138252},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":138146,"depth":169,"text":138254},"What does lower() return?",{"id":138154,"depth":169,"text":138256},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":138166,"depth":169,"text":138258},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136691,"description":138260},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":138267,"title":138268,"body":138269,"description":139819,"extension":2697,"meta":139820,"navigation":272,"path":139821,"seo":139822,"stem":139823,"__hash__":139824},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":138270,"toc":139780},[138271,138276,138281,138287,138302,138304,138364,138366,138375,138381,138386,138391,138393,138407,138411,138413,138460,138462,138480,138482,138485,138556,138558,138572,138575,138587,138596,138600,138605,138610,138614,138680,138682,138691,138695,138760,138762,138771,138774,138779,138783,138788,138792,138853,138855,138864,138868,138871,138927,138929,138938,138941,138954,138956,138960,138967,139029,139031,139044,139050,139053,139060,139065,139070,139073,139081,139083,139144,139146,139155,139158,139205,139208,139255,139257,139262,139279,139286,139291,139344,139346,139354,139356,139413,139415,139423,139427,139474,139476,139484,139492,139496,139544,139546,139555,139560,139611,139613,139622,139629,139632,139653,139655,139660,139663,139667,139670,139674,139677,139704,139710,139713,139740,139745,139747,139749,139777],[10,138272,123833,138274,12011],{"id":138273},"python-string-replace-method",[15,138275,125004],{},[20,138277,123838,138278,138280],{},[15,138279,125004],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,138282,138283,138284,138286],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,138285,125004],{},". You will learn:",[29,138288,138289,138293,138296,138299],{},[32,138290,26707,138291,205],{},[15,138292,125004],{},[32,138294,138295],{},"how its syntax works",[32,138297,138298],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[32,138300,138301],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[55,138303,58],{"id":57},[60,138305,138307],{"className":62,"code":138306,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138308,138309,138322,138354],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138310,138311,138313,138315,138317,138320],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138312,35378],{"class":75},[69,138314,80],{"class":79},[69,138316,881],{"class":699},[69,138318,138319],{"class":703},"I like cats",[69,138321,4079],{"class":699},[69,138323,138324,138326,138328,138330,138332,138334,138336,138338,138341,138343,138345,138347,138350,138352],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,138325,130672],{"class":75},[69,138327,80],{"class":79},[69,138329,43312],{"class":75},[69,138331,537],{"class":83},[69,138333,35687],{"class":146},[69,138335,132],{"class":83},[69,138337,871],{"class":699},[69,138339,138340],{"class":703},"cats",[69,138342,871],{"class":699},[69,138344,91],{"class":83},[69,138346,881],{"class":699},[69,138348,138349],{"class":703},"dogs",[69,138351,871],{"class":699},[69,138353,166],{"class":83},[69,138355,138356,138358,138360,138362],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,138357,172],{"class":128},[69,138359,132],{"class":83},[69,138361,130703],{"class":146},[69,138363,166],{"class":83},[20,138365,321],{},[60,138367,138369],{"className":62,"code":138368,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"I like dogs\n",[15,138370,138371],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138372,138373],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138374,138368],{"class":75},[20,138376,1378,138377,138380],{},[15,138378,138379],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[55,138382,202,138384,205],{"id":138383},"what-replace-does",[15,138385,125004],{},[20,138387,138388,138390],{},[15,138389,125004],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,138392,13744],{},[29,138394,138395,138397,138399,138402],{},[32,138396,134081],{},[32,138398,136799],{},[32,138400,138401],{},"It works on exact matches",[32,138403,138404,138405],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,138406,41729],{},[20,138408,125585,138409,537],{},[533,138410,125588],{"href":51449},[55,138412,6131],{"id":6130},[60,138414,138416],{"className":62,"code":138415,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,138417,138418,138438],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138419,138420,138422,138424,138426,138428,138431,138433,138436],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138421,61651],{"class":75},[69,138423,537],{"class":83},[69,138425,35687],{"class":146},[69,138427,132],{"class":83},[69,138429,138430],{"class":146},"old",[69,138432,91],{"class":83},[69,138434,138435],{"class":146}," new",[69,138437,166],{"class":83},[69,138439,138440,138442,138444,138446,138448,138450,138452,138454,138456,138458],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,138441,61651],{"class":75},[69,138443,537],{"class":83},[69,138445,35687],{"class":146},[69,138447,132],{"class":83},[69,138449,138430],{"class":146},[69,138451,91],{"class":83},[69,138453,138435],{"class":146},[69,138455,91],{"class":83},[69,138457,50075],{"class":146},[69,138459,166],{"class":83},[377,138461,18084],{"id":18083},[29,138463,138464,138469,138475],{},[32,138465,138466,138468],{},[15,138467,138430],{}," = the text to find",[32,138470,138471,138474],{},[15,138472,138473],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[32,138476,138477,138479],{},[15,138478,41729],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[55,138481,6485],{"id":6484},[20,138483,138484],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[60,138486,138488],{"className":62,"code":138487,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138489,138490,138502,138532,138536,138546],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138491,138492,138494,138496,138498,138500],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138493,35378],{"class":75},[69,138495,80],{"class":79},[69,138497,881],{"class":699},[69,138499,138319],{"class":703},[69,138501,4079],{"class":699},[69,138503,138504,138506,138508,138510,138512,138514,138516,138518,138520,138522,138524,138526,138528,138530],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,138505,130672],{"class":75},[69,138507,80],{"class":79},[69,138509,43312],{"class":75},[69,138511,537],{"class":83},[69,138513,35687],{"class":146},[69,138515,132],{"class":83},[69,138517,871],{"class":699},[69,138519,138340],{"class":703},[69,138521,871],{"class":699},[69,138523,91],{"class":83},[69,138525,881],{"class":699},[69,138527,138349],{"class":703},[69,138529,871],{"class":699},[69,138531,166],{"class":83},[69,138533,138534],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,138535,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,138537,138538,138540,138542,138544],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,138539,172],{"class":128},[69,138541,132],{"class":83},[69,138543,35399],{"class":146},[69,138545,166],{"class":83},[69,138547,138548,138550,138552,138554],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,138549,172],{"class":128},[69,138551,132],{"class":83},[69,138553,130703],{"class":146},[69,138555,166],{"class":83},[20,138557,321],{},[60,138559,138561],{"className":62,"code":138560,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138562,138563,138568],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138564,138565],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138566,138567],{"class":75},"I like cats\n",[69,138569,138570],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,138571,138368],{"class":75},[20,138573,138574],{},"Notice what happened:",[29,138576,138577,138582],{},[32,138578,138579,138581],{},[15,138580,35399],{}," did not change",[32,138583,138584,138586],{},[15,138585,130703],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138588,138589,138590,138592,138593,138595],{},"This happens because strings are ",[42,138591,137468],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138594,125004],{}," return a new string instead.",[55,138597,138599],{"id":138598},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138601,90179,138602,138604],{},[15,138603,125004],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138606,138607,138608,37312],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138609,41729],{},[377,138611,138613],{"id":138612},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[60,138615,138617],{"className":62,"code":138616,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138618,138619,138632,138666,138670],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138620,138621,138623,138625,138627,138630],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138622,35378],{"class":75},[69,138624,80],{"class":79},[69,138626,881],{"class":699},[69,138628,138629],{"class":703},"cat cat cat",[69,138631,4079],{"class":699},[69,138633,138634,138636,138638,138640,138642,138644,138646,138648,138650,138652,138654,138656,138658,138660,138662,138664],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,138635,123],{"class":75},[69,138637,80],{"class":79},[69,138639,43312],{"class":75},[69,138641,537],{"class":83},[69,138643,35687],{"class":146},[69,138645,132],{"class":83},[69,138647,871],{"class":699},[69,138649,37738],{"class":703},[69,138651,871],{"class":699},[69,138653,91],{"class":83},[69,138655,881],{"class":699},[69,138657,58603],{"class":703},[69,138659,871],{"class":699},[69,138661,91],{"class":83},[69,138663,1263],{"class":87},[69,138665,166],{"class":83},[69,138667,138668],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,138669,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,138671,138672,138674,138676,138678],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,138673,172],{"class":128},[69,138675,132],{"class":83},[69,138677,183],{"class":146},[69,138679,166],{"class":83},[20,138681,321],{},[60,138683,138685],{"className":62,"code":138684,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138686,138687],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138688,138689],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138690,138684],{"class":75},[377,138692,138694],{"id":138693},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[60,138696,138698],{"className":62,"code":138697,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138699,138700,138712,138746,138750],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138701,138702,138704,138706,138708,138710],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138703,35378],{"class":75},[69,138705,80],{"class":79},[69,138707,881],{"class":699},[69,138709,138629],{"class":703},[69,138711,4079],{"class":699},[69,138713,138714,138716,138718,138720,138722,138724,138726,138728,138730,138732,138734,138736,138738,138740,138742,138744],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,138715,123],{"class":75},[69,138717,80],{"class":79},[69,138719,43312],{"class":75},[69,138721,537],{"class":83},[69,138723,35687],{"class":146},[69,138725,132],{"class":83},[69,138727,871],{"class":699},[69,138729,37738],{"class":703},[69,138731,871],{"class":699},[69,138733,91],{"class":83},[69,138735,881],{"class":699},[69,138737,58603],{"class":703},[69,138739,871],{"class":699},[69,138741,91],{"class":83},[69,138743,94],{"class":87},[69,138745,166],{"class":83},[69,138747,138748],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,138749,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,138751,138752,138754,138756,138758],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,138753,172],{"class":128},[69,138755,132],{"class":83},[69,138757,183],{"class":146},[69,138759,166],{"class":83},[20,138761,321],{},[60,138763,138765],{"className":62,"code":138764,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138766,138767],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138768,138769],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138770,138764],{"class":75},[20,138772,138773],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138775,138776,138777,537],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[533,138778,128557],{"href":125001},[55,138780,138782],{"id":138781},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138784,138785,138787],{},[15,138786,125004],{}," can also change single characters.",[377,138789,138791],{"id":138790},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[60,138793,138795],{"className":62,"code":138794,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138796,138797,138809,138839,138843],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138798,138799,138801,138803,138805,138807],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138800,35378],{"class":75},[69,138802,80],{"class":79},[69,138804,881],{"class":699},[69,138806,893],{"class":703},[69,138808,4079],{"class":699},[69,138810,138811,138813,138815,138817,138819,138821,138823,138825,138827,138829,138831,138833,138835,138837],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,138812,123],{"class":75},[69,138814,80],{"class":79},[69,138816,43312],{"class":75},[69,138818,537],{"class":83},[69,138820,35687],{"class":146},[69,138822,132],{"class":83},[69,138824,871],{"class":699},[69,138826,533],{"class":703},[69,138828,871],{"class":699},[69,138830,91],{"class":83},[69,138832,881],{"class":699},[69,138834,60950],{"class":703},[69,138836,871],{"class":699},[69,138838,166],{"class":83},[69,138840,138841],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,138842,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,138844,138845,138847,138849,138851],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,138846,172],{"class":128},[69,138848,132],{"class":83},[69,138850,183],{"class":146},[69,138852,166],{"class":83},[20,138854,321],{},[60,138856,138858],{"className":62,"code":138857,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"bonono\n",[15,138859,138860],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138861,138862],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138863,138857],{"class":75},[377,138865,138867],{"id":138866},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138869,138870],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[60,138872,138874],{"className":62,"code":138873,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138875,138876,138889,138913,138917],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138877,138878,138880,138882,138884,138887],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138879,35378],{"class":75},[69,138881,80],{"class":79},[69,138883,881],{"class":699},[69,138885,138886],{"class":703},"a b c",[69,138888,4079],{"class":699},[69,138890,138891,138893,138895,138897,138899,138901,138903,138905,138907,138909,138911],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,138892,123],{"class":75},[69,138894,80],{"class":79},[69,138896,43312],{"class":75},[69,138898,537],{"class":83},[69,138900,35687],{"class":146},[69,138902,132],{"class":83},[69,138904,871],{"class":699},[69,138906,881],{"class":699},[69,138908,91],{"class":83},[69,138910,1268],{"class":699},[69,138912,166],{"class":83},[69,138914,138915],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,138916,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,138918,138919,138921,138923,138925],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,138920,172],{"class":128},[69,138922,132],{"class":83},[69,138924,183],{"class":146},[69,138926,166],{"class":83},[20,138928,321],{},[60,138930,138932],{"className":62,"code":138931,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"abc\n",[15,138933,138934],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138935,138936],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138937,138931],{"class":75},[20,138939,138940],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138942,138943,138944,138948,138949,138953],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[533,138945,126833,138946,11428],{"href":129520},[15,138947,61008],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[533,138950,126833,138951,11428],{"href":137403},[15,138952,42123],{}," is often a better choice.",[55,138955,124480],{"id":124479},[20,138957,138958,124291],{},[15,138959,125004],{},[20,138961,127878,138962,5096,138964,127885],{},[15,138963,113517],{},[15,138965,138966],{},"\"Cat\"",[60,138968,138970],{"className":62,"code":138969,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138971,138972,138985,139015,139019],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,138973,138974,138976,138978,138980,138983],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,138975,35378],{"class":75},[69,138977,80],{"class":79},[69,138979,881],{"class":699},[69,138981,138982],{"class":703},"Cat cat CAT",[69,138984,4079],{"class":699},[69,138986,138987,138989,138991,138993,138995,138997,138999,139001,139003,139005,139007,139009,139011,139013],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,138988,123],{"class":75},[69,138990,80],{"class":79},[69,138992,43312],{"class":75},[69,138994,537],{"class":83},[69,138996,35687],{"class":146},[69,138998,132],{"class":83},[69,139000,871],{"class":699},[69,139002,37738],{"class":703},[69,139004,871],{"class":699},[69,139006,91],{"class":83},[69,139008,881],{"class":699},[69,139010,58603],{"class":703},[69,139012,871],{"class":699},[69,139014,166],{"class":83},[69,139016,139017],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,139018,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,139020,139021,139023,139025,139027],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,139022,172],{"class":128},[69,139024,132],{"class":83},[69,139026,183],{"class":146},[69,139028,166],{"class":83},[20,139030,321],{},[60,139032,139034],{"className":62,"code":139033,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,139035,139036],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139037,139038,139041],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139039,139040],{"class":75},"Cat dog ",[69,139042,139043],{"class":685},"CAT\n",[20,139045,139046,139047,139049],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,139048,113517],{}," was replaced.",[20,139051,139052],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,139054,139055,139056,537],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[533,139057,126833,139058,11428],{"href":124560},[15,139059,124563],{},[55,139061,202,139063,12396],{"id":139062},"what-replace-returns",[15,139064,125004],{},[20,139066,139067,139069],{},[15,139068,125004],{}," returns a new string.",[20,139071,139072],{},"If no match is found:",[29,139074,139075,139078],{},[32,139076,139077],{},"no error happens",[32,139079,139080],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,139082,234],{},[60,139084,139086],{"className":62,"code":139085,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,139087,139088,139100,139130,139134],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139089,139090,139092,139094,139096,139098],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139091,35378],{"class":75},[69,139093,80],{"class":79},[69,139095,881],{"class":699},[69,139097,1275],{"class":703},[69,139099,4079],{"class":699},[69,139101,139102,139104,139106,139108,139110,139112,139114,139116,139118,139120,139122,139124,139126,139128],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,139103,123],{"class":75},[69,139105,80],{"class":79},[69,139107,43312],{"class":75},[69,139109,537],{"class":83},[69,139111,35687],{"class":146},[69,139113,132],{"class":83},[69,139115,871],{"class":699},[69,139117,2904],{"class":703},[69,139119,871],{"class":699},[69,139121,91],{"class":83},[69,139123,881],{"class":699},[69,139125,12436],{"class":703},[69,139127,871],{"class":699},[69,139129,166],{"class":83},[69,139131,139132],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,139133,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,139135,139136,139138,139140,139142],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,139137,172],{"class":128},[69,139139,132],{"class":83},[69,139141,183],{"class":146},[69,139143,166],{"class":83},[20,139145,321],{},[60,139147,139149],{"className":62,"code":139148,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"hello\n",[15,139150,139151],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139152,139153],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139154,139148],{"class":75},[20,139156,139157],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[60,139159,139161],{"className":62,"code":139160,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,139162,139163,139175],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139164,139165,139167,139169,139171,139173],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139166,35378],{"class":75},[69,139168,80],{"class":79},[69,139170,881],{"class":699},[69,139172,60883],{"class":703},[69,139174,4079],{"class":699},[69,139176,139177,139179,139181,139183,139185,139187,139189,139191,139193,139195,139197,139199,139201,139203],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,139178,130672],{"class":75},[69,139180,80],{"class":79},[69,139182,43312],{"class":75},[69,139184,537],{"class":83},[69,139186,35687],{"class":146},[69,139188,132],{"class":83},[69,139190,871],{"class":699},[69,139192,61068],{"class":703},[69,139194,871],{"class":699},[69,139196,91],{"class":83},[69,139198,881],{"class":699},[69,139200,7985],{"class":703},[69,139202,871],{"class":699},[69,139204,166],{"class":83},[20,139206,139207],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[60,139209,139211],{"className":62,"code":139210,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,139212,139213,139225],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139214,139215,139217,139219,139221,139223],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139216,35378],{"class":75},[69,139218,80],{"class":79},[69,139220,881],{"class":699},[69,139222,60883],{"class":703},[69,139224,4079],{"class":699},[69,139226,139227,139229,139231,139233,139235,139237,139239,139241,139243,139245,139247,139249,139251,139253],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,139228,35378],{"class":75},[69,139230,80],{"class":79},[69,139232,43312],{"class":75},[69,139234,537],{"class":83},[69,139236,35687],{"class":146},[69,139238,132],{"class":83},[69,139240,871],{"class":699},[69,139242,61068],{"class":703},[69,139244,871],{"class":699},[69,139246,91],{"class":83},[69,139248,881],{"class":699},[69,139250,7985],{"class":703},[69,139252,871],{"class":699},[69,139254,166],{"class":83},[55,139256,5222],{"id":5221},[20,139258,139259,139260,143],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,139261,125004],{},[29,139263,139264,139267,139271,139274],{},[32,139265,139266],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[32,139268,1780,139269,132053],{},[15,139270,125004],{},[32,139272,139273],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[32,139275,2309,139276,139278],{},[15,139277,125004],{}," with regex-based replacements",[377,139280,139282,139283,139285],{"id":139281},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,139284,125004],{}," without assigning the result",[20,139287,139288,139289,143],{},"This does not update ",[15,139290,35399],{},[60,139292,139294],{"className":62,"code":139293,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,139295,139296,139308,139334],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139297,139298,139300,139302,139304,139306],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139299,35378],{"class":75},[69,139301,80],{"class":79},[69,139303,881],{"class":699},[69,139305,138319],{"class":703},[69,139307,4079],{"class":699},[69,139309,139310,139312,139314,139316,139318,139320,139322,139324,139326,139328,139330,139332],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,139311,35399],{"class":75},[69,139313,537],{"class":83},[69,139315,35687],{"class":146},[69,139317,132],{"class":83},[69,139319,871],{"class":699},[69,139321,138340],{"class":703},[69,139323,871],{"class":699},[69,139325,91],{"class":83},[69,139327,881],{"class":699},[69,139329,138349],{"class":703},[69,139331,871],{"class":699},[69,139333,166],{"class":83},[69,139335,139336,139338,139340,139342],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,139337,172],{"class":128},[69,139339,132],{"class":83},[69,139341,35399],{"class":146},[69,139343,166],{"class":83},[20,139345,321],{},[60,139347,139348],{"className":62,"code":138567,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,139349,139350],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139351,139352],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139353,138567],{"class":75},[20,139355,11495],{},[60,139357,139359],{"className":62,"code":139358,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,139360,139361,139373,139403],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139362,139363,139365,139367,139369,139371],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139364,35378],{"class":75},[69,139366,80],{"class":79},[69,139368,881],{"class":699},[69,139370,138319],{"class":703},[69,139372,4079],{"class":699},[69,139374,139375,139377,139379,139381,139383,139385,139387,139389,139391,139393,139395,139397,139399,139401],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,139376,35378],{"class":75},[69,139378,80],{"class":79},[69,139380,43312],{"class":75},[69,139382,537],{"class":83},[69,139384,35687],{"class":146},[69,139386,132],{"class":83},[69,139388,871],{"class":699},[69,139390,138340],{"class":703},[69,139392,871],{"class":699},[69,139394,91],{"class":83},[69,139396,881],{"class":699},[69,139398,138349],{"class":703},[69,139400,871],{"class":699},[69,139402,166],{"class":83},[69,139404,139405,139407,139409,139411],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,139406,172],{"class":128},[69,139408,132],{"class":83},[69,139410,35399],{"class":146},[69,139412,166],{"class":83},[20,139414,321],{},[60,139416,139417],{"className":62,"code":138368,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,139418,139419],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139420,139421],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139422,138368],{"class":75},[377,139424,139426],{"id":139425},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[60,139428,139430],{"className":62,"code":139429,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,139431,139432,139444],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139433,139434,139436,139438,139440,139442],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139435,35378],{"class":75},[69,139437,80],{"class":79},[69,139439,881],{"class":699},[69,139441,35555],{"class":703},[69,139443,4079],{"class":699},[69,139445,139446,139448,139450,139452,139454,139456,139458,139460,139462,139464,139466,139468,139470,139472],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,139447,172],{"class":128},[69,139449,132],{"class":83},[69,139451,35399],{"class":146},[69,139453,537],{"class":83},[69,139455,35687],{"class":146},[69,139457,132],{"class":83},[69,139459,871],{"class":699},[69,139461,1275],{"class":703},[69,139463,871],{"class":699},[69,139465,91],{"class":83},[69,139467,881],{"class":699},[69,139469,90414],{"class":703},[69,139471,871],{"class":699},[69,139473,318],{"class":83},[20,139475,321],{},[60,139477,139478],{"className":62,"code":89427,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,139479,139480],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139481,139482],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139483,89427],{"class":75},[20,139485,139486,139487,5096,139489,139491],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,139488,65012],{},[15,139490,90896],{}," are not the same.",[377,139493,139495],{"id":139494},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[60,139497,139499],{"className":62,"code":139498,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,139500,139501,139514],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139502,139503,139505,139507,139509,139512],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139504,35378],{"class":75},[69,139506,80],{"class":79},[69,139508,881],{"class":699},[69,139510,139511],{"class":703},"red red red",[69,139513,4079],{"class":699},[69,139515,139516,139518,139520,139522,139524,139526,139528,139530,139532,139534,139536,139538,139540,139542],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,139517,172],{"class":128},[69,139519,132],{"class":83},[69,139521,35399],{"class":146},[69,139523,537],{"class":83},[69,139525,35687],{"class":146},[69,139527,132],{"class":83},[69,139529,871],{"class":699},[69,139531,13785],{"class":703},[69,139533,871],{"class":699},[69,139535,91],{"class":83},[69,139537,881],{"class":699},[69,139539,13802],{"class":703},[69,139541,871],{"class":699},[69,139543,318],{"class":83},[20,139545,321],{},[60,139547,139549],{"className":62,"code":139548,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"blue blue blue\n",[15,139550,139551],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139552,139553],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139554,139548],{"class":75},[20,139556,139557,139558,143],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139559,41729],{},[60,139561,139563],{"className":62,"code":139562,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139564,139565,139577],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139566,139567,139569,139571,139573,139575],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139568,35378],{"class":75},[69,139570,80],{"class":79},[69,139572,881],{"class":699},[69,139574,139511],{"class":703},[69,139576,4079],{"class":699},[69,139578,139579,139581,139583,139585,139587,139589,139591,139593,139595,139597,139599,139601,139603,139605,139607,139609],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,139580,172],{"class":128},[69,139582,132],{"class":83},[69,139584,35399],{"class":146},[69,139586,537],{"class":83},[69,139588,35687],{"class":146},[69,139590,132],{"class":83},[69,139592,871],{"class":699},[69,139594,13785],{"class":703},[69,139596,871],{"class":699},[69,139598,91],{"class":83},[69,139600,881],{"class":699},[69,139602,13802],{"class":703},[69,139604,871],{"class":699},[69,139606,91],{"class":83},[69,139608,1263],{"class":87},[69,139610,318],{"class":83},[20,139612,321],{},[60,139614,139616],{"className":62,"code":139615,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"blue red red\n",[15,139617,139618],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139619,139620],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139621,139615],{"class":75},[377,139623,139625,139626,139628],{"id":139624},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139627,125004],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139630,139631],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[29,139633,139634,139641,139648],{},[32,139635,1378,139636,139640],{},[533,139637,139638],{"href":129520},[15,139639,61008],{}," to break a string into a list",[32,139642,1378,139643,139647],{},[533,139644,139645],{"href":137403},[15,139646,42123],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[32,139649,1378,139650,139652],{},[15,139651,125004],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[55,139654,2519],{"id":2518},[377,139656,2523,139658,125160],{"id":139657},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139659,125004],{},[20,139661,139662],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[377,139664,139666],{"id":139665},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139668,139669],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[377,139671,139673],{"id":139672},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139675,139676],{},"Use the third argument:",[60,139678,139680],{"className":62,"code":139679,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139681,139682],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139683,139684,139686,139688,139690,139692,139694,139696,139698,139700,139702],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139685,35399],{"class":75},[69,139687,537],{"class":83},[69,139689,35687],{"class":146},[69,139691,132],{"class":83},[69,139693,138430],{"class":146},[69,139695,91],{"class":83},[69,139697,138435],{"class":146},[69,139699,91],{"class":83},[69,139701,1263],{"class":87},[69,139703,166],{"class":83},[377,139705,5871,139707,139709],{"id":139706},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139708,125004],{}," remove text?",[20,139711,139712],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[60,139714,139716],{"className":62,"code":139715,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139717,139718],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139719,139720,139722,139724,139726,139728,139730,139732,139734,139736,139738],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139721,35399],{"class":75},[69,139723,537],{"class":83},[69,139725,35687],{"class":146},[69,139727,132],{"class":83},[69,139729,871],{"class":699},[69,139731,2904],{"class":703},[69,139733,871],{"class":699},[69,139735,91],{"class":83},[69,139737,1268],{"class":699},[69,139739,166],{"class":83},[377,139741,15595,139743,125169],{"id":139742},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139744,125004],{},[20,139746,130362],{},[55,139748,2620],{"id":2619},[29,139750,139751,139755,139761,139767,139773],{},[32,139752,139753],{},[533,139754,125239],{"href":125001},[32,139756,139757],{},[533,139758,126833,139759,11428],{"href":129520},[15,139760,61008],{},[32,139762,139763],{},[533,139764,126833,139765,11428],{"href":137403},[15,139766,42123],{},[32,139768,139769],{},[533,139770,126833,139771,11428],{"href":124560},[15,139772,124563],{},[32,139774,139775],{},[533,139776,125588],{"href":51449},[2650,139778,139779],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":139781},[139782,139783,139785,139788,139789,139793,139797,139798,139800,139808,139818],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":138383,"depth":120,"text":139784},"What replace() does",{"id":6130,"depth":120,"text":6131,"children":139786},[139787],{"id":18083,"depth":169,"text":18084},{"id":6484,"depth":120,"text":6485},{"id":138598,"depth":120,"text":138599,"children":139790},[139791,139792],{"id":138612,"depth":169,"text":138613},{"id":138693,"depth":169,"text":138694},{"id":138781,"depth":120,"text":138782,"children":139794},[139795,139796],{"id":138790,"depth":169,"text":138791},{"id":138866,"depth":169,"text":138867},{"id":124479,"depth":120,"text":124480},{"id":139062,"depth":120,"text":139799},"What replace() returns",{"id":5221,"depth":120,"text":5222,"children":139801},[139802,139804,139805,139806],{"id":139281,"depth":169,"text":139803},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":139425,"depth":169,"text":139426},{"id":139494,"depth":169,"text":139495},{"id":139624,"depth":169,"text":139807},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":139809},[139810,139812,139813,139814,139816],{"id":139657,"depth":169,"text":139811},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139665,"depth":169,"text":139666},{"id":139672,"depth":169,"text":139673},{"id":139706,"depth":169,"text":139815},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139742,"depth":169,"text":139817},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":138268,"description":139819},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139826,"title":139827,"body":139828,"description":141847,"extension":2697,"meta":141848,"navigation":272,"path":141849,"seo":141850,"stem":141851,"__hash__":141852},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139829,"toc":141811},[139830,139835,139840,139843,139854,139856,139911,139916,139921,139928,139930,139945,139947,140003,140005,140043,140048,140050,140074,140077,140090,140095,140097,140129,140131,140164,140170,140175,140178,140188,140191,140193,140249,140251,140301,140304,140312,140315,140371,140373,140446,140459,140467,140471,140482,140485,140488,140541,140543,140575,140578,140632,140634,140669,140672,140677,140682,140687,140690,140692,140750,140752,140786,140788,140803,140806,140808,140850,140852,140878,140883,140891,140894,140896,140978,140980,141031,141034,141045,141053,141055,141128,141130,141148,141152,141155,141159,141186,141188,141196,141200,141235,141237,141250,141254,141257,141296,141298,141315,141320,141325,141336,141339,141350,141352,141354,141380,141383,141432,141434,141451,141454,141456,141508,141510,141542,141545,141603,141608,141610,141615,141718,141720,141734,141736,141743,141748,141753,141758,141763,141768,141771,141775,141780,141782,141808],[10,139831,123833,139833,12011],{"id":139832},"python-string-split-method",[15,139834,61008],{},[20,139836,123838,139837,139839],{},[15,139838,61008],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139841,139842],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[29,139844,139845,139848,139851],{},[32,139846,139847],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[32,139849,139850],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[32,139852,139853],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[55,139855,58],{"id":57},[60,139857,139859],{"className":62,"code":139858,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139860,139861,139874,139896,139906],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139862,139863,139865,139867,139869,139872],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139864,35378],{"class":75},[69,139866,80],{"class":79},[69,139868,881],{"class":699},[69,139870,139871],{"class":703},"apple,banana,cherry",[69,139873,4079],{"class":699},[69,139875,139876,139878,139880,139882,139884,139886,139888,139890,139892,139894],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,139877,43307],{"class":75},[69,139879,80],{"class":79},[69,139881,43312],{"class":75},[69,139883,537],{"class":83},[69,139885,35159],{"class":146},[69,139887,132],{"class":83},[69,139889,871],{"class":699},[69,139891,91],{"class":703},[69,139893,871],{"class":699},[69,139895,166],{"class":83},[69,139897,139898,139900,139902,139904],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,139899,172],{"class":128},[69,139901,132],{"class":83},[69,139903,43339],{"class":146},[69,139905,166],{"class":83},[69,139907,139908],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,139909,139910],{"class":189},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139912,1378,139913,139915],{},[15,139914,61008],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[55,139917,202,139919,205],{"id":139918},"what-split-does",[15,139920,61008],{},[20,139922,139923,132881,139925,537],{},[15,139924,61008],{},[42,139926,139927],{},"string method",[20,139929,49400],{},[29,139931,139932,139935,139940],{},[32,139933,139934],{},"divides a string into parts",[32,139936,120135,139937],{},[42,139938,139939],{},"new list of strings",[32,139941,120141,139942,139944],{},[42,139943,5334],{}," change the original string",[20,139946,234],{},[60,139948,139950],{"className":62,"code":139949,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139951,139952,139965,139979,139983,139993],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,139953,139954,139956,139958,139960,139963],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,139955,35378],{"class":75},[69,139957,80],{"class":79},[69,139959,881],{"class":699},[69,139961,139962],{"class":703},"red blue green",[69,139964,4079],{"class":699},[69,139966,139967,139969,139971,139973,139975,139977],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,139968,43307],{"class":75},[69,139970,80],{"class":79},[69,139972,43312],{"class":75},[69,139974,537],{"class":83},[69,139976,35159],{"class":146},[69,139978,9329],{"class":83},[69,139980,139981],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,139982,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,139984,139985,139987,139989,139991],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,139986,172],{"class":128},[69,139988,132],{"class":83},[69,139990,35399],{"class":146},[69,139992,166],{"class":83},[69,139994,139995,139997,139999,140001],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,139996,172],{"class":128},[69,139998,132],{"class":83},[69,140000,43339],{"class":146},[69,140002,166],{"class":83},[20,140004,321],{},[60,140006,140008],{"className":62,"code":140007,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,140009,140010,140015],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140011,140012],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140013,140014],{"class":75},"red blue green\n",[69,140016,140017,140019,140021,140023,140025,140027,140029,140031,140033,140035,140037,140039,140041],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,140018,331],{"class":83},[69,140020,706],{"class":699},[69,140022,13785],{"class":703},[69,140024,706],{"class":699},[69,140026,91],{"class":83},[69,140028,700],{"class":699},[69,140030,13802],{"class":703},[69,140032,706],{"class":699},[69,140034,91],{"class":83},[69,140036,700],{"class":699},[69,140038,18145],{"class":703},[69,140040,706],{"class":699},[69,140042,117],{"class":83},[20,140044,140045,140046,537],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[533,140047,125588],{"href":51449},[55,140049,2888],{"id":2887},[60,140051,140053],{"className":62,"code":140052,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,140054,140055],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140056,140057,140059,140061,140063,140065,140067,140069,140072],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140058,61651],{"class":75},[69,140060,537],{"class":83},[69,140062,35159],{"class":146},[69,140064,132],{"class":83},[69,140066,134237],{"class":146},[69,140068,91],{"class":83},[69,140070,140071],{"class":146}," maxsplit",[69,140073,166],{"class":83},[20,140075,140076],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[29,140078,140079,140084],{},[32,140080,140081,140083],{},[15,140082,134237],{}," tells Python where to split",[32,140085,140086,140089],{},[15,140087,140088],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,140091,9561,140092,140094],{},[15,140093,134237],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,140096,234],{},[60,140098,140100],{"className":62,"code":140099,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140101,140102,140115],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140103,140104,140106,140108,140110,140113],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140105,35378],{"class":75},[69,140107,80],{"class":79},[69,140109,881],{"class":699},[69,140111,140112],{"class":703},"one two three",[69,140114,4079],{"class":699},[69,140116,140117,140119,140121,140123,140125,140127],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,140118,172],{"class":128},[69,140120,132],{"class":83},[69,140122,35399],{"class":146},[69,140124,537],{"class":83},[69,140126,35159],{"class":146},[69,140128,7882],{"class":83},[20,140130,321],{},[60,140132,140134],{"className":62,"code":140133,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,140135,140136],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140137,140138,140140,140142,140144,140146,140148,140150,140152,140154,140156,140158,140160,140162],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140139,331],{"class":83},[69,140141,706],{"class":699},[69,140143,7273],{"class":703},[69,140145,706],{"class":699},[69,140147,91],{"class":83},[69,140149,700],{"class":699},[69,140151,79749],{"class":703},[69,140153,706],{"class":699},[69,140155,91],{"class":83},[69,140157,700],{"class":699},[69,140159,134719],{"class":703},[69,140161,706],{"class":699},[69,140163,117],{"class":83},[55,140165,840,140167,140169],{"id":140166},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,140168,61008],{}," with no separator",[20,140171,70652,140172,140174],{},[15,140173,61008],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,140176,140177],{},"Whitespace includes:",[29,140179,140180,140182,140185],{},[32,140181,11138],{},[32,140183,140184],{},"tabs",[32,140186,140187],{},"new lines",[20,140189,140190],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,140192,234],{},[60,140194,140196],{"className":62,"code":140195,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140197,140198,140221,140235,140239],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140199,140200,140202,140204,140206,140209,140212,140214,140216,140219],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140201,35378],{"class":75},[69,140203,80],{"class":79},[69,140205,881],{"class":699},[69,140207,140208],{"class":703},"Python   is",[69,140210,140211],{"class":685},"\\t",[69,140213,133973],{"class":703},[69,140215,87631],{"class":685},[69,140217,140218],{"class":703},"and useful",[69,140220,4079],{"class":699},[69,140222,140223,140225,140227,140229,140231,140233],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,140224,43307],{"class":75},[69,140226,80],{"class":79},[69,140228,43312],{"class":75},[69,140230,537],{"class":83},[69,140232,35159],{"class":146},[69,140234,9329],{"class":83},[69,140236,140237],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,140238,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,140240,140241,140243,140245,140247],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,140242,172],{"class":128},[69,140244,132],{"class":83},[69,140246,43339],{"class":146},[69,140248,166],{"class":83},[20,140250,321],{},[60,140252,140254],{"className":62,"code":140253,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,140255,140256],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140257,140258,140260,140262,140264,140266,140268,140270,140272,140274,140276,140278,140280,140282,140284,140286,140288,140290,140292,140294,140297,140299],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140259,331],{"class":83},[69,140261,706],{"class":699},[69,140263,7985],{"class":703},[69,140265,706],{"class":699},[69,140267,91],{"class":83},[69,140269,700],{"class":699},[69,140271,12885],{"class":703},[69,140273,706],{"class":699},[69,140275,91],{"class":83},[69,140277,700],{"class":699},[69,140279,133973],{"class":703},[69,140281,706],{"class":699},[69,140283,91],{"class":83},[69,140285,700],{"class":699},[69,140287,130598],{"class":703},[69,140289,706],{"class":699},[69,140291,91],{"class":83},[69,140293,700],{"class":699},[69,140295,140296],{"class":703},"useful",[69,140298,706],{"class":699},[69,140300,117],{"class":83},[20,140302,140303],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[377,140305,140307,11272,140309],{"id":140306},"split-vs-split",[15,140308,61008],{},[15,140310,140311],{},"split(' ')",[20,140313,140314],{},"These are not the same.",[60,140316,140318],{"className":62,"code":140317,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,140319,140320,140333,140337,140351],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140321,140322,140324,140326,140328,140331],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140323,35378],{"class":75},[69,140325,80],{"class":79},[69,140327,881],{"class":699},[69,140329,140330],{"class":703},"a  b   c",[69,140332,4079],{"class":699},[69,140334,140335],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,140336,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,140338,140339,140341,140343,140345,140347,140349],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,140340,172],{"class":128},[69,140342,132],{"class":83},[69,140344,35399],{"class":146},[69,140346,537],{"class":83},[69,140348,35159],{"class":146},[69,140350,7882],{"class":83},[69,140352,140353,140355,140357,140359,140361,140363,140365,140367,140369],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,140354,172],{"class":128},[69,140356,132],{"class":83},[69,140358,35399],{"class":146},[69,140360,537],{"class":83},[69,140362,35159],{"class":146},[69,140364,132],{"class":83},[69,140366,871],{"class":699},[69,140368,881],{"class":699},[69,140370,318],{"class":83},[20,140372,321],{},[60,140374,140376],{"className":62,"code":140375,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,140377,140378,140406],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140379,140380,140382,140384,140386,140388,140390,140392,140394,140396,140398,140400,140402,140404],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140381,331],{"class":83},[69,140383,706],{"class":699},[69,140385,533],{"class":703},[69,140387,706],{"class":699},[69,140389,91],{"class":83},[69,140391,700],{"class":699},[69,140393,5465],{"class":703},[69,140395,706],{"class":699},[69,140397,91],{"class":83},[69,140399,700],{"class":699},[69,140401,10425],{"class":703},[69,140403,706],{"class":699},[69,140405,117],{"class":83},[69,140407,140408,140410,140412,140414,140416,140418,140420,140422,140424,140426,140428,140430,140432,140434,140436,140438,140440,140442,140444],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,140409,331],{"class":83},[69,140411,706],{"class":699},[69,140413,533],{"class":703},[69,140415,706],{"class":699},[69,140417,91],{"class":83},[69,140419,4551],{"class":699},[69,140421,91],{"class":83},[69,140423,700],{"class":699},[69,140425,5465],{"class":703},[69,140427,706],{"class":699},[69,140429,91],{"class":83},[69,140431,4551],{"class":699},[69,140433,91],{"class":83},[69,140435,4551],{"class":699},[69,140437,91],{"class":83},[69,140439,700],{"class":699},[69,140441,10425],{"class":703},[69,140443,706],{"class":699},[69,140445,117],{"class":83},[29,140447,140448,140453],{},[32,140449,140450,140452],{},[15,140451,61008],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[32,140454,140455,140458],{},[15,140456,140457],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,140460,140461,140462,140466],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[533,140463,126833,140464,11428],{"href":137403},[15,140465,42123],{}," is often useful.",[55,140468,140470],{"id":140469},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,140472,140473,140474,2920,140477,2924,140479,537],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,140475,140476],{},"\",\"",[15,140478,134072],{},[15,140480,140481],{},"\"::\"",[20,140483,140484],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,140486,140487],{},"Example with commas:",[60,140489,140491],{"className":62,"code":140490,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140492,140493,140505,140527,140531],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140494,140495,140497,140499,140501,140503],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140496,35378],{"class":75},[69,140498,80],{"class":79},[69,140500,881],{"class":699},[69,140502,139871],{"class":703},[69,140504,4079],{"class":699},[69,140506,140507,140509,140511,140513,140515,140517,140519,140521,140523,140525],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,140508,43307],{"class":75},[69,140510,80],{"class":79},[69,140512,43312],{"class":75},[69,140514,537],{"class":83},[69,140516,35159],{"class":146},[69,140518,132],{"class":83},[69,140520,871],{"class":699},[69,140522,91],{"class":703},[69,140524,871],{"class":699},[69,140526,166],{"class":83},[69,140528,140529],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,140530,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,140532,140533,140535,140537,140539],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,140534,172],{"class":128},[69,140536,132],{"class":83},[69,140538,43339],{"class":146},[69,140540,166],{"class":83},[20,140542,321],{},[60,140544,140545],{"className":62,"code":78928,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,140546,140547],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140548,140549,140551,140553,140555,140557,140559,140561,140563,140565,140567,140569,140571,140573],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140550,331],{"class":83},[69,140552,706],{"class":699},[69,140554,874],{"class":703},[69,140556,706],{"class":699},[69,140558,91],{"class":83},[69,140560,700],{"class":699},[69,140562,893],{"class":703},[69,140564,706],{"class":699},[69,140566,91],{"class":83},[69,140568,700],{"class":699},[69,140570,4800],{"class":703},[69,140572,706],{"class":699},[69,140574,117],{"class":83},[20,140576,140577],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[60,140579,140581],{"className":62,"code":140580,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140582,140583,140596,140618,140622],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140584,140585,140587,140589,140591,140594],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140586,35378],{"class":75},[69,140588,80],{"class":79},[69,140590,881],{"class":699},[69,140592,140593],{"class":703},"2024::10::31",[69,140595,4079],{"class":699},[69,140597,140598,140600,140602,140604,140606,140608,140610,140612,140614,140616],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,140599,43307],{"class":75},[69,140601,80],{"class":79},[69,140603,43312],{"class":75},[69,140605,537],{"class":83},[69,140607,35159],{"class":146},[69,140609,132],{"class":83},[69,140611,871],{"class":699},[69,140613,77145],{"class":703},[69,140615,871],{"class":699},[69,140617,166],{"class":83},[69,140619,140620],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,140621,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,140623,140624,140626,140628,140630],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,140625,172],{"class":128},[69,140627,132],{"class":83},[69,140629,43339],{"class":146},[69,140631,166],{"class":83},[20,140633,321],{},[60,140635,140637],{"className":62,"code":140636,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140638,140639],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140640,140641,140643,140645,140648,140650,140652,140654,140656,140658,140660,140662,140665,140667],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140642,331],{"class":83},[69,140644,706],{"class":699},[69,140646,140647],{"class":703},"2024",[69,140649,706],{"class":699},[69,140651,91],{"class":83},[69,140653,700],{"class":699},[69,140655,444],{"class":703},[69,140657,706],{"class":699},[69,140659,91],{"class":83},[69,140661,700],{"class":699},[69,140663,140664],{"class":703},"31",[69,140666,706],{"class":699},[69,140668,117],{"class":83},[20,140670,140671],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140673,140674,140675,537],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[533,140676,129517],{"href":129516},[55,140678,840,140680],{"id":140679},"using-maxsplit",[15,140681,140088],{},[20,140683,140684,140686],{},[15,140685,140088],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140688,140689],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140691,234],{},[60,140693,140695],{"className":62,"code":140694,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140696,140697,140710,140736,140740],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140698,140699,140701,140703,140705,140708],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140700,35378],{"class":75},[69,140702,80],{"class":79},[69,140704,881],{"class":699},[69,140706,140707],{"class":703},"name:age:city:country",[69,140709,4079],{"class":699},[69,140711,140712,140714,140716,140718,140720,140722,140724,140726,140728,140730,140732,140734],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,140713,43307],{"class":75},[69,140715,80],{"class":79},[69,140717,43312],{"class":75},[69,140719,537],{"class":83},[69,140721,35159],{"class":146},[69,140723,132],{"class":83},[69,140725,871],{"class":699},[69,140727,143],{"class":703},[69,140729,871],{"class":699},[69,140731,91],{"class":83},[69,140733,94],{"class":87},[69,140735,166],{"class":83},[69,140737,140738],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,140739,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,140741,140742,140744,140746,140748],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,140743,172],{"class":128},[69,140745,132],{"class":83},[69,140747,43339],{"class":146},[69,140749,166],{"class":83},[20,140751,321],{},[60,140753,140755],{"className":62,"code":140754,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140756,140757],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140758,140759,140761,140763,140765,140767,140769,140771,140773,140775,140777,140779,140782,140784],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140760,331],{"class":83},[69,140762,706],{"class":699},[69,140764,8356],{"class":703},[69,140766,706],{"class":699},[69,140768,91],{"class":83},[69,140770,700],{"class":699},[69,140772,9985],{"class":703},[69,140774,706],{"class":699},[69,140776,91],{"class":83},[69,140778,700],{"class":699},[69,140780,140781],{"class":703},"city:country",[69,140783,706],{"class":699},[69,140785,117],{"class":83},[20,140787,2909],{},[29,140789,140790,140795,140800],{},[32,140791,140792,140793],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140794,143],{},[32,140796,140797,140798],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140799,143],{},[32,140801,140802],{},"then stops",[20,140804,140805],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140807,52554],{},[60,140809,140811],{"className":62,"code":140810,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140812,140813,140826],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140814,140815,140817,140819,140821,140824],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140816,35378],{"class":75},[69,140818,80],{"class":79},[69,140820,881],{"class":699},[69,140822,140823],{"class":703},"apple banana cherry grape",[69,140825,4079],{"class":699},[69,140827,140828,140830,140832,140834,140836,140838,140840,140842,140844,140846,140848],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,140829,172],{"class":128},[69,140831,132],{"class":83},[69,140833,35399],{"class":146},[69,140835,537],{"class":83},[69,140837,35159],{"class":146},[69,140839,132],{"class":83},[69,140841,871],{"class":699},[69,140843,881],{"class":699},[69,140845,91],{"class":83},[69,140847,1263],{"class":87},[69,140849,318],{"class":83},[20,140851,321],{},[60,140853,140855],{"className":62,"code":140854,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140856,140857],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140858,140859,140861,140863,140865,140867,140869,140871,140874,140876],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140860,331],{"class":83},[69,140862,706],{"class":699},[69,140864,874],{"class":703},[69,140866,706],{"class":699},[69,140868,91],{"class":83},[69,140870,700],{"class":699},[69,140872,140873],{"class":703},"banana cherry grape",[69,140875,706],{"class":699},[69,140877,117],{"class":83},[55,140879,202,140881,12396],{"id":140880},"what-split-returns",[15,140882,61008],{},[20,140884,140885,140886,140888,140889,537],{},"The result of ",[15,140887,61008],{}," is always a ",[42,140890,178],{},[20,140892,140893],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140895,234],{},[60,140897,140899],{"className":62,"code":140898,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140900,140901,140914,140936,140940,140950,140964],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140902,140903,140905,140907,140909,140912],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140904,35378],{"class":75},[69,140906,80],{"class":79},[69,140908,881],{"class":699},[69,140910,140911],{"class":703},"cat,dog,bird",[69,140913,4079],{"class":699},[69,140915,140916,140918,140920,140922,140924,140926,140928,140930,140932,140934],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,140917,43307],{"class":75},[69,140919,80],{"class":79},[69,140921,43312],{"class":75},[69,140923,537],{"class":83},[69,140925,35159],{"class":146},[69,140927,132],{"class":83},[69,140929,871],{"class":699},[69,140931,91],{"class":703},[69,140933,871],{"class":699},[69,140935,166],{"class":83},[69,140937,140938],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,140939,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,140941,140942,140944,140946,140948],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,140943,172],{"class":128},[69,140945,132],{"class":83},[69,140947,43339],{"class":146},[69,140949,166],{"class":83},[69,140951,140952,140954,140956,140958,140960,140962],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,140953,172],{"class":128},[69,140955,132],{"class":83},[69,140957,641],{"class":177},[69,140959,132],{"class":83},[69,140961,43339],{"class":146},[69,140963,318],{"class":83},[69,140965,140966,140968,140970,140972,140974,140976],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,140967,172],{"class":128},[69,140969,132],{"class":83},[69,140971,43339],{"class":146},[69,140973,331],{"class":83},[69,140975,1226],{"class":87},[69,140977,618],{"class":83},[20,140979,321],{},[60,140981,140983],{"className":62,"code":140982,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140984,140985,141013,141027],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,140986,140987,140989,140991,140993,140995,140997,140999,141001,141003,141005,141007,141009,141011],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,140988,331],{"class":83},[69,140990,706],{"class":699},[69,140992,37738],{"class":703},[69,140994,706],{"class":699},[69,140996,91],{"class":83},[69,140998,700],{"class":699},[69,141000,58603],{"class":703},[69,141002,706],{"class":699},[69,141004,91],{"class":83},[69,141006,700],{"class":699},[69,141008,58620],{"class":703},[69,141010,706],{"class":699},[69,141012,117],{"class":83},[69,141014,141015,141017,141019,141021,141023,141025],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,141016,674],{"class":79},[69,141018,696],{"class":135},[69,141020,700],{"class":699},[69,141022,178],{"class":703},[69,141024,706],{"class":699},[69,141026,689],{"class":79},[69,141028,141029],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,141030,85947],{"class":75},[20,141032,141033],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[29,141035,141036,141039,141042],{},[32,141037,141038],{},"loop over it",[32,141040,141041],{},"access items by index",[32,141043,141044],{},"combine items again later",[20,141046,141047,141048,537],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[533,141049,126833,141051,11428],{"href":141050},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,141052,133915],{},[20,141054,234],{},[60,141056,141058],{"className":62,"code":141057,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,141059,141060,141092,141114,141118],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141061,141062,141064,141066,141068,141070,141072,141074,141076,141078,141080,141082,141084,141086,141088,141090],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141063,43307],{"class":75},[69,141065,80],{"class":79},[69,141067,84],{"class":83},[69,141069,706],{"class":699},[69,141071,37738],{"class":703},[69,141073,706],{"class":699},[69,141075,91],{"class":83},[69,141077,700],{"class":699},[69,141079,58603],{"class":703},[69,141081,706],{"class":699},[69,141083,91],{"class":83},[69,141085,700],{"class":699},[69,141087,58620],{"class":703},[69,141089,706],{"class":699},[69,141091,117],{"class":83},[69,141093,141094,141096,141098,141100,141102,141104,141106,141108,141110,141112],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,141095,35378],{"class":75},[69,141097,80],{"class":79},[69,141099,881],{"class":699},[69,141101,1972],{"class":703},[69,141103,871],{"class":699},[69,141105,537],{"class":83},[69,141107,133992],{"class":146},[69,141109,132],{"class":83},[69,141111,43339],{"class":146},[69,141113,166],{"class":83},[69,141115,141116],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,141117,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,141119,141120,141122,141124,141126],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,141121,172],{"class":128},[69,141123,132],{"class":83},[69,141125,35399],{"class":146},[69,141127,166],{"class":83},[20,141129,321],{},[60,141131,141133],{"className":62,"code":141132,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,141134,141135],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141136,141137,141139,141141,141143,141145],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141138,37738],{"class":75},[69,141140,1972],{"class":79},[69,141142,58603],{"class":75},[69,141144,1972],{"class":79},[69,141146,141147],{"class":75},"bird\n",[55,141149,141151],{"id":141150},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,141153,141154],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[377,141156,141158],{"id":141157},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[60,141160,141162],{"className":62,"code":141161,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,141163,141164,141172],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141165,141166,141168,141170],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141167,35378],{"class":75},[69,141169,80],{"class":79},[69,141171,8568],{"class":699},[69,141173,141174,141176,141178,141180,141182,141184],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,141175,172],{"class":128},[69,141177,132],{"class":83},[69,141179,35399],{"class":146},[69,141181,537],{"class":83},[69,141183,35159],{"class":146},[69,141185,7882],{"class":83},[20,141187,321],{},[60,141189,141190],{"className":62,"code":833,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,141191,141192],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141193,141194],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141195,833],{"class":83},[377,141197,141199],{"id":141198},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[60,141201,141203],{"className":62,"code":141202,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,141204,141205,141213],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141206,141207,141209,141211],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141208,35378],{"class":75},[69,141210,80],{"class":79},[69,141212,8568],{"class":699},[69,141214,141215,141217,141219,141221,141223,141225,141227,141229,141231,141233],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,141216,172],{"class":128},[69,141218,132],{"class":83},[69,141220,35399],{"class":146},[69,141222,537],{"class":83},[69,141224,35159],{"class":146},[69,141226,132],{"class":83},[69,141228,871],{"class":699},[69,141230,91],{"class":703},[69,141232,871],{"class":699},[69,141234,318],{"class":83},[20,141236,321],{},[60,141238,141240],{"className":62,"code":141239,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['']\n",[15,141241,141242],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141243,141244,141246,141248],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141245,331],{"class":83},[69,141247,1231],{"class":699},[69,141249,117],{"class":83},[377,141251,141253],{"id":141252},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,141255,141256],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[60,141258,141260],{"className":62,"code":141259,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,141261,141262,141274],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141263,141264,141266,141268,141270,141272],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141265,35378],{"class":75},[69,141267,80],{"class":79},[69,141269,881],{"class":699},[69,141271,1275],{"class":703},[69,141273,4079],{"class":699},[69,141275,141276,141278,141280,141282,141284,141286,141288,141290,141292,141294],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,141277,172],{"class":128},[69,141279,132],{"class":83},[69,141281,35399],{"class":146},[69,141283,537],{"class":83},[69,141285,35159],{"class":146},[69,141287,132],{"class":83},[69,141289,871],{"class":699},[69,141291,91],{"class":703},[69,141293,871],{"class":699},[69,141295,318],{"class":83},[20,141297,321],{},[60,141299,141301],{"className":62,"code":141300,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"['hello']\n",[15,141302,141303],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141304,141305,141307,141309,141311,141313],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141306,331],{"class":83},[69,141308,706],{"class":699},[69,141310,1275],{"class":703},[69,141312,706],{"class":699},[69,141314,117],{"class":83},[55,141316,1373,141318],{"id":141317},"when-to-use-split",[15,141319,61008],{},[20,141321,1378,141322,141324],{},[15,141323,61008],{}," when you need to:",[29,141326,141327,141330,141333],{},[32,141328,141329],{},"split a sentence into words",[32,141331,141332],{},"split comma-separated values",[32,141334,141335],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,141337,141338],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[29,141340,141341,141344,141347],{},[32,141342,141343],{},"cleaning text",[32,141345,141346],{},"parsing user input",[32,141348,141349],{},"processing simple file content",[55,141351,1771],{"id":1770},[20,141353,84718],{},[29,141355,141356,141360,141366,141369,141377],{},[32,141357,50979,141358,132053],{},[15,141359,61008],{},[32,141361,141362,141363,141365],{},"forgetting that ",[15,141364,61008],{}," returns a list, not a string",[32,141367,141368],{},"using the wrong separator",[32,141370,141371,141372,141374,141375],{},"assuming ",[15,141373,140311],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,141376,61008],{},[32,141378,141379],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,141381,141382],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[60,141384,141386],{"className":62,"code":141385,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,141387,141388,141400,141418,141422],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141389,141390,141392,141394,141396,141398],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141391,35378],{"class":75},[69,141393,80],{"class":79},[69,141395,881],{"class":699},[69,141397,43300],{"class":703},[69,141399,4079],{"class":699},[69,141401,141402,141404,141406,141408,141410,141412,141414,141416],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,141403,35399],{"class":75},[69,141405,537],{"class":83},[69,141407,35159],{"class":146},[69,141409,132],{"class":83},[69,141411,871],{"class":699},[69,141413,91],{"class":703},[69,141415,871],{"class":699},[69,141417,166],{"class":83},[69,141419,141420],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,141421,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,141423,141424,141426,141428,141430],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,141425,172],{"class":128},[69,141427,132],{"class":83},[69,141429,35399],{"class":146},[69,141431,166],{"class":83},[20,141433,321],{},[60,141435,141437],{"className":62,"code":141436,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a,b,c\n",[15,141438,141439],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141440,141441,141443,141445,141447,141449],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141442,533],{"class":75},[69,141444,91],{"class":83},[69,141446,5465],{"class":75},[69,141448,91],{"class":83},[69,141450,69724],{"class":75},[20,141452,141453],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,141455,11495],{},[60,141457,141458],{"className":62,"code":43287,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,141459,141460,141472,141494,141498],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141461,141462,141464,141466,141468,141470],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141463,35378],{"class":75},[69,141465,80],{"class":79},[69,141467,881],{"class":699},[69,141469,43300],{"class":703},[69,141471,4079],{"class":699},[69,141473,141474,141476,141478,141480,141482,141484,141486,141488,141490,141492],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,141475,43307],{"class":75},[69,141477,80],{"class":79},[69,141479,43312],{"class":75},[69,141481,537],{"class":83},[69,141483,35159],{"class":146},[69,141485,132],{"class":83},[69,141487,871],{"class":699},[69,141489,91],{"class":703},[69,141491,871],{"class":699},[69,141493,166],{"class":83},[69,141495,141496],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,141497,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,141499,141500,141502,141504,141506],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,141501,172],{"class":128},[69,141503,132],{"class":83},[69,141505,43339],{"class":146},[69,141507,166],{"class":83},[20,141509,321],{},[60,141511,141512],{"className":62,"code":43346,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,141513,141514],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141515,141516,141518,141520,141522,141524,141526,141528,141530,141532,141534,141536,141538,141540],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141517,331],{"class":83},[69,141519,706],{"class":699},[69,141521,533],{"class":703},[69,141523,706],{"class":699},[69,141525,91],{"class":83},[69,141527,700],{"class":699},[69,141529,5465],{"class":703},[69,141531,706],{"class":699},[69,141533,91],{"class":83},[69,141535,700],{"class":699},[69,141537,10425],{"class":703},[69,141539,706],{"class":699},[69,141541,117],{"class":83},[20,141543,141544],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[60,141546,141548],{"className":62,"code":141547,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,141549,141550,141563,141585,141589],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141551,141552,141554,141556,141558,141561],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141553,35378],{"class":75},[69,141555,80],{"class":79},[69,141557,881],{"class":699},[69,141559,141560],{"class":703},"apple,banana",[69,141562,4079],{"class":699},[69,141564,141565,141567,141569,141571,141573,141575,141577,141579,141581,141583],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,141566,43307],{"class":75},[69,141568,80],{"class":79},[69,141570,43312],{"class":75},[69,141572,537],{"class":83},[69,141574,35159],{"class":146},[69,141576,132],{"class":83},[69,141578,871],{"class":699},[69,141580,91],{"class":703},[69,141582,871],{"class":699},[69,141584,166],{"class":83},[69,141586,141587],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,141588,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,141590,141591,141593,141595,141597,141599,141601],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,141592,172],{"class":128},[69,141594,132],{"class":83},[69,141596,43339],{"class":146},[69,141598,331],{"class":83},[69,141600,1155],{"class":87},[69,141602,618],{"class":83},[20,141604,141605,141606,537],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[533,141607,69737],{"href":69736},[377,141609,61187],{"id":61186},[20,141611,9561,141612,141614],{},[15,141613,61008],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[60,141616,141618],{"className":62,"code":141617,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141619,141620,141630,141644,141666,141692],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141621,141622,141624,141626,141628],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141623,172],{"class":128},[69,141625,132],{"class":83},[69,141627,35399],{"class":146},[69,141629,166],{"class":83},[69,141631,141632,141634,141636,141638,141640,141642],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,141633,172],{"class":128},[69,141635,132],{"class":83},[69,141637,35399],{"class":146},[69,141639,537],{"class":83},[69,141641,35159],{"class":146},[69,141643,7882],{"class":83},[69,141645,141646,141648,141650,141652,141654,141656,141658,141660,141662,141664],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,141647,172],{"class":128},[69,141649,132],{"class":83},[69,141651,35399],{"class":146},[69,141653,537],{"class":83},[69,141655,35159],{"class":146},[69,141657,132],{"class":83},[69,141659,706],{"class":699},[69,141661,91],{"class":703},[69,141663,706],{"class":699},[69,141665,318],{"class":83},[69,141667,141668,141670,141672,141674,141676,141678,141680,141682,141684,141686,141688,141690],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,141669,172],{"class":128},[69,141671,132],{"class":83},[69,141673,11850],{"class":128},[69,141675,132],{"class":83},[69,141677,35399],{"class":146},[69,141679,537],{"class":83},[69,141681,35159],{"class":146},[69,141683,132],{"class":83},[69,141685,706],{"class":699},[69,141687,91],{"class":703},[69,141689,706],{"class":699},[69,141691,2019],{"class":83},[69,141693,141694,141696,141698,141700,141702,141704,141706,141708,141710,141712,141714,141716],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,141695,172],{"class":128},[69,141697,132],{"class":83},[69,141699,641],{"class":177},[69,141701,132],{"class":83},[69,141703,35399],{"class":146},[69,141705,537],{"class":83},[69,141707,35159],{"class":146},[69,141709,132],{"class":83},[69,141711,706],{"class":699},[69,141713,91],{"class":703},[69,141715,706],{"class":699},[69,141717,2019],{"class":83},[20,141719,11859],{},[29,141721,141722,141725,141728,141731],{},[32,141723,141724],{},"what the original string looks like",[32,141726,141727],{},"which separator works",[32,141729,141730],{},"how many items were created",[32,141732,141733],{},"that the result is a list",[55,141735,2519],{"id":2518},[377,141737,5881,141739,5096,141741,3218],{"id":141738},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141740,61008],{},[15,141742,140311],{},[20,141744,141745,141747],{},[15,141746,61008],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141749,141750,141752],{},[15,141751,140311],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[377,141754,2523,141756,125160],{"id":141755},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141757,61008],{},[20,141759,141760,141761,56954],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141762,61008],{},[377,141764,2561,141766,2565],{"id":141765},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141767,140088],{},[20,141769,141770],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[377,141772,141774],{"id":141773},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141776,29749,141777,141779],{},[15,141778,61008],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[55,141781,2620],{"id":2619},[29,141783,141784,141788,141794,141800,141804],{},[32,141785,141786],{},[533,141787,130438],{"href":129516},[32,141789,141790],{},[533,141791,126833,141792,11428],{"href":141050},[15,141793,133915],{},[32,141795,141796],{},[533,141797,126833,141798,11428],{"href":137403},[15,141799,42123],{},[32,141801,141802],{},[533,141803,125588],{"href":51449},[32,141805,141806],{},[533,141807,69737],{"href":69736},[2650,141809,141810],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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separator",[141820],{"id":140306,"depth":169,"text":141821},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":140469,"depth":120,"text":140470},{"id":140679,"depth":120,"text":141824},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140880,"depth":120,"text":141826},"What split() returns",{"id":141150,"depth":120,"text":141151,"children":141828},[141829,141830,141831],{"id":141157,"depth":169,"text":141158},{"id":141198,"depth":169,"text":141199},{"id":141252,"depth":169,"text":141253},{"id":141317,"depth":120,"text":141833},"When to use split()",{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771,"children":141835},[141836],{"id":61186,"depth":169,"text":61187},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":141838},[141839,141841,141843,141845],{"id":141738,"depth":169,"text":141840},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141755,"depth":169,"text":141842},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141765,"depth":169,"text":141844},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141773,"depth":169,"text":141774},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139827,"description":141847},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141854,"title":141855,"body":141856,"description":143799,"extension":2697,"meta":143800,"navigation":272,"path":143801,"seo":143802,"stem":143803,"__hash__":143804},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141857,"toc":143758},[141858,141863,141868,141875,141948,141953,141958,141963,141979,141981,142051,142053,142055,142075,142077,142122,142127,142129,142227,142232,142236,142241,142245,142248,142290,142294,142297,142342,142346,142349,142399,142403,142408,142460,142462,142467,142478,142483,142563,142565,142577,142586,142593,142608,142610,142725,142731,142735,142738,142743,142885,142888,142895,142897,142901,142909,142978,142984,143033,143038,143043,143045,143065,143067,143133,143135,143139,143142,143146,143187,143189,143222,143227,143230,143257,143259,143302,143309,143314,143324,143390,143394,143402,143407,143458,143462,143465,143467,143476,143478,143528,143530,143637,143639,143644,143651,143657,143660,143691,143696,143698,143705,143713,143722,143725,143727,143755],[10,141859,123833,141861,12011],{"id":141860},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141862,128201],{},[20,141864,123838,141865,141867],{},[15,141866,128201],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141869,126899,141870,394,141872,141874],{},[15,141871,224],{},[15,141873,230],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[60,141876,141878],{"className":62,"code":141877,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141879,141880,141893,141897,141922],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141881,141882,141884,141886,141888,141891],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141883,35378],{"class":75},[69,141885,80],{"class":79},[69,141887,881],{"class":699},[69,141889,141890],{"class":703},"Python Beginner Help",[69,141892,4079],{"class":699},[69,141894,141895],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,141896,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,141898,141899,141901,141903,141905,141907,141910,141912,141914,141916,141918,141920],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,141900,172],{"class":128},[69,141902,132],{"class":83},[69,141904,35399],{"class":146},[69,141906,537],{"class":83},[69,141908,141909],{"class":146},"startswith",[69,141911,132],{"class":83},[69,141913,871],{"class":699},[69,141915,7985],{"class":703},[69,141917,871],{"class":699},[69,141919,186],{"class":83},[69,141921,44326],{"class":189},[69,141923,141924,141926,141928,141930,141932,141934,141936,141938,141941,141943,141945],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,141925,172],{"class":128},[69,141927,132],{"class":83},[69,141929,35399],{"class":146},[69,141931,537],{"class":83},[69,141933,141909],{"class":146},[69,141935,132],{"class":83},[69,141937,871],{"class":699},[69,141939,141940],{"class":703},"Beginner",[69,141942,871],{"class":699},[69,141944,186],{"class":83},[69,141946,141947],{"class":189}," # False\n",[20,141949,1378,141950,141952],{},[15,141951,128201],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[55,141954,202,141956,205],{"id":141955},"what-startswith-does",[15,141957,128201],{},[20,141959,141960,141962],{},[15,141961,128201],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[29,141964,141965,141968,141974,141976],{},[32,141966,141967],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[32,141969,5849,141970,394,141972],{},[15,141971,224],{},[15,141973,230],{},[32,141975,123976],{},[32,141977,141978],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141980,234],{},[60,141982,141984],{"className":62,"code":141983,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141985,141986,141998,142002,142027],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,141987,141988,141990,141992,141994,141996],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,141989,8563],{"class":75},[69,141991,80],{"class":79},[69,141993,881],{"class":699},[69,141995,7985],{"class":703},[69,141997,4079],{"class":699},[69,141999,142000],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,142001,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,142003,142004,142006,142008,142010,142012,142014,142016,142018,142021,142023,142025],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,142005,172],{"class":128},[69,142007,132],{"class":83},[69,142009,8356],{"class":146},[69,142011,537],{"class":83},[69,142013,141909],{"class":146},[69,142015,132],{"class":83},[69,142017,871],{"class":699},[69,142019,142020],{"class":703},"Py",[69,142022,871],{"class":699},[69,142024,186],{"class":83},[69,142026,44326],{"class":189},[69,142028,142029,142031,142033,142035,142037,142039,142041,142043,142045,142047,142049],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,142030,172],{"class":128},[69,142032,132],{"class":83},[69,142034,8356],{"class":146},[69,142036,537],{"class":83},[69,142038,141909],{"class":146},[69,142040,132],{"class":83},[69,142042,871],{"class":699},[69,142044,129279],{"class":703},[69,142046,871],{"class":699},[69,142048,186],{"class":83},[69,142050,44343],{"class":189},[55,142052,2888],{"id":2887},[20,142054,42855],{},[60,142056,142058],{"className":62,"code":142057,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,142059,142060],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,142061,142062,142064,142066,142068,142070,142073],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,142063,61651],{"class":75},[69,142065,537],{"class":83},[69,142067,141909],{"class":146},[69,142069,132],{"class":83},[69,142071,142072],{"class":146},"prefix",[69,142074,166],{"class":83},[20,142076,31453],{},[60,142078,142080],{"className":62,"code":142079,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,142081,142082,142100],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,142083,142084,142086,142088,142090,142092,142094,142096,142098],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,142085,61651],{"class":75},[69,142087,537],{"class":83},[69,142089,141909],{"class":146},[69,142091,132],{"class":83},[69,142093,142072],{"class":146},[69,142095,91],{"class":83},[69,142097,36741],{"class":146},[69,142099,166],{"class":83},[69,142101,142102,142104,142106,142108,142110,142112,142114,142116,142118,142120],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,142103,61651],{"class":75},[69,142105,537],{"class":83},[69,142107,141909],{"class":146},[69,142109,132],{"class":83},[69,142111,142072],{"class":146},[69,142113,91],{"class":83},[69,142115,36741],{"class":146},[69,142117,91],{"class":83},[69,142119,65518],{"class":146},[69,142121,166],{"class":83},[20,142123,1168,142124,142126],{},[15,142125,142072],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,142128,234],{},[60,142130,142132],{"className":62,"code":142131,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,142133,142134,142146,142150,142175,142199],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,142135,142136,142138,142140,142142,142144],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,142137,35378],{"class":75},[69,142139,80],{"class":79},[69,142141,881],{"class":699},[69,142143,60883],{"class":703},[69,142145,4079],{"class":699},[69,142147,142148],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,142149,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,142151,142152,142154,142156,142158,142160,142162,142164,142166,142168,142170,142172],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,142153,172],{"class":128},[69,142155,132],{"class":83},[69,142157,35399],{"class":146},[69,142159,537],{"class":83},[69,142161,141909],{"class":146},[69,142163,132],{"class":83},[69,142165,871],{"class":699},[69,142167,1275],{"class":703},[69,142169,871],{"class":699},[69,142171,186],{"class":83},[69,142173,142174],{"class":189},"      # True\n",[69,142176,142177,142179,142181,142183,142185,142187,142189,142191,142193,142195,142197],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,142178,172],{"class":128},[69,142180,132],{"class":83},[69,142182,35399],{"class":146},[69,142184,537],{"class":83},[69,142186,141909],{"class":146},[69,142188,132],{"class":83},[69,142190,871],{"class":699},[69,142192,61068],{"class":703},[69,142194,871],{"class":699},[69,142196,186],{"class":83},[69,142198,21891],{"class":189},[69,142200,142201,142203,142205,142207,142209,142211,142213,142215,142217,142219,142221,142223,142225],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,142202,172],{"class":128},[69,142204,132],{"class":83},[69,142206,35399],{"class":146},[69,142208,537],{"class":83},[69,142210,141909],{"class":146},[69,142212,132],{"class":83},[69,142214,871],{"class":699},[69,142216,61068],{"class":703},[69,142218,871],{"class":699},[69,142220,91],{"class":83},[69,142222,114],{"class":87},[69,142224,186],{"class":83},[69,142226,44326],{"class":189},[20,142228,142229,142230,537],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[533,142231,125588],{"href":51449},[55,142233,142235],{"id":142234},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,142237,142238,142240],{},[15,142239,128201],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[377,142242,142243],{"id":142072},[15,142244,142072],{},[20,142246,142247],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[60,142249,142251],{"className":62,"code":142250,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,142252,142253,142265],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,142254,142255,142257,142259,142261,142263],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,142256,35378],{"class":75},[69,142258,80],{"class":79},[69,142260,881],{"class":699},[69,142262,893],{"class":703},[69,142264,4079],{"class":699},[69,142266,142267,142269,142271,142273,142275,142277,142279,142281,142284,142286,142288],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,142268,172],{"class":128},[69,142270,132],{"class":83},[69,142272,35399],{"class":146},[69,142274,537],{"class":83},[69,142276,141909],{"class":146},[69,142278,132],{"class":83},[69,142280,871],{"class":699},[69,142282,142283],{"class":703},"ban",[69,142285,871],{"class":699},[69,142287,186],{"class":83},[69,142289,4381],{"class":189},[377,142291,142292],{"id":36762},[15,142293,36762],{},[20,142295,142296],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[60,142298,142300],{"className":62,"code":142299,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,142301,142302,142314],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,142303,142304,142306,142308,142310,142312],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,142305,35378],{"class":75},[69,142307,80],{"class":79},[69,142309,881],{"class":699},[69,142311,60883],{"class":703},[69,142313,4079],{"class":699},[69,142315,142316,142318,142320,142322,142324,142326,142328,142330,142332,142334,142336,142338,142340],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,142317,172],{"class":128},[69,142319,132],{"class":83},[69,142321,35399],{"class":146},[69,142323,537],{"class":83},[69,142325,141909],{"class":146},[69,142327,132],{"class":83},[69,142329,871],{"class":699},[69,142331,61068],{"class":703},[69,142333,871],{"class":699},[69,142335,91],{"class":83},[69,142337,114],{"class":87},[69,142339,186],{"class":83},[69,142341,4381],{"class":189},[377,142343,142344],{"id":53135},[15,142345,53135],{},[20,142347,142348],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[60,142350,142352],{"className":62,"code":142351,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,142353,142354,142366],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,142355,142356,142358,142360,142362,142364],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,142357,35378],{"class":75},[69,142359,80],{"class":79},[69,142361,881],{"class":699},[69,142363,60883],{"class":703},[69,142365,4079],{"class":699},[69,142367,142368,142370,142372,142374,142376,142378,142380,142382,142385,142387,142389,142391,142393,142395,142397],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,142369,172],{"class":128},[69,142371,132],{"class":83},[69,142373,35399],{"class":146},[69,142375,537],{"class":83},[69,142377,141909],{"class":146},[69,142379,132],{"class":83},[69,142381,871],{"class":699},[69,142383,142384],{"class":703},"wor",[69,142386,871],{"class":699},[69,142388,91],{"class":83},[69,142390,114],{"class":87},[69,142392,91],{"class":83},[69,142394,54611],{"class":87},[69,142396,186],{"class":83},[69,142398,4381],{"class":189},[377,142400,142402],{"id":142401},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,142404,142405,142407],{},[15,142406,142072],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[60,142409,142411],{"className":62,"code":142410,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,142412,142413,142426],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,142414,142415,142417,142419,142421,142424],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,142416,126916],{"class":75},[69,142418,80],{"class":79},[69,142420,881],{"class":699},[69,142422,142423],{"class":703},"img_001.png",[69,142425,4079],{"class":699},[69,142427,142428,142430,142432,142434,142436,142438,142440,142442,142445,142447,142449,142451,142454,142456,142458],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,142429,172],{"class":128},[69,142431,132],{"class":83},[69,142433,126934],{"class":146},[69,142435,537],{"class":83},[69,142437,141909],{"class":146},[69,142439,6210],{"class":83},[69,142441,871],{"class":699},[69,142443,142444],{"class":703},"img_",[69,142446,871],{"class":699},[69,142448,91],{"class":83},[69,142450,881],{"class":699},[69,142452,142453],{"class":703},"photo_",[69,142455,871],{"class":699},[69,142457,51565],{"class":83},[69,142459,4381],{"class":189},[55,142461,18108],{"id":18107},[20,142463,142464,142466],{},[15,142465,128201],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[29,142468,142469,142474],{},[32,142470,142471,142473],{},[15,142472,224],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[32,142475,142476,127518],{},[15,142477,230],{},[20,142479,142480,142481,7860],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,142482,1712],{},[60,142484,142486],{"className":62,"code":142485,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,142487,142488,142502,142506,142527,142542,142548],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,142489,142490,142493,142495,142497,142500],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,142491,142492],{"class":75},"command ",[69,142494,80],{"class":79},[69,142496,881],{"class":699},[69,142498,142499],{"class":703},"\u002Fhelp",[69,142501,4079],{"class":699},[69,142503,142504],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,142505,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,142507,142508,142510,142513,142515,142517,142519,142521,142523,142525],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,142509,1712],{"class":1053},[69,142511,142512],{"class":75}," command",[69,142514,537],{"class":83},[69,142516,141909],{"class":146},[69,142518,132],{"class":83},[69,142520,871],{"class":699},[69,142522,127725],{"class":703},[69,142524,871],{"class":699},[69,142526,1048],{"class":83},[69,142528,142529,142531,142533,142535,142538,142540],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,142530,8756],{"class":128},[69,142532,132],{"class":83},[69,142534,871],{"class":699},[69,142536,142537],{"class":703},"This looks like a command.",[69,142539,871],{"class":699},[69,142541,166],{"class":83},[69,142543,142544,142546],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,142545,28122],{"class":1053},[69,142547,1579],{"class":83},[69,142549,142550,142552,142554,142556,142559,142561],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,142551,8756],{"class":128},[69,142553,132],{"class":83},[69,142555,871],{"class":699},[69,142557,142558],{"class":703},"This is normal text.",[69,142560,871],{"class":699},[69,142562,166],{"class":83},[20,142564,321],{},[60,142566,142568],{"className":62,"code":142567,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142569,142570],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,142571,142572,142575],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,142573,142574],{"class":75},"This looks like a command",[69,142576,122865],{"class":83},[55,142578,840,142580,843,142582,5096,142584],{"id":142579},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142581,128201],{},[15,142583,36762],{},[15,142585,53135],{},[20,142587,2714,142588,5096,142590,142592],{},[15,142589,36762],{},[15,142591,53135],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[29,142594,142595,142600,142605],{},[32,142596,142597,142599],{},[15,142598,36762],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[32,142601,142602,142604],{},[15,142603,53135],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[32,142606,142607],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142609,234],{},[60,142611,142613],{"className":62,"code":142612,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142614,142615,142627,142631,142660,142693],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,142616,142617,142619,142621,142623,142625],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,142618,35378],{"class":75},[69,142620,80],{"class":79},[69,142622,881],{"class":699},[69,142624,140112],{"class":703},[69,142626,4079],{"class":699},[69,142628,142629],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,142630,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,142632,142633,142635,142637,142639,142641,142643,142645,142647,142649,142651,142653,142655,142657],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,142634,172],{"class":128},[69,142636,132],{"class":83},[69,142638,35399],{"class":146},[69,142640,537],{"class":83},[69,142642,141909],{"class":146},[69,142644,132],{"class":83},[69,142646,871],{"class":699},[69,142648,79749],{"class":703},[69,142650,871],{"class":699},[69,142652,91],{"class":83},[69,142654,104],{"class":87},[69,142656,186],{"class":83},[69,142658,142659],{"class":189},"        # True\n",[69,142661,142662,142664,142666,142668,142670,142672,142674,142676,142678,142680,142682,142684,142686,142689,142691],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,142663,172],{"class":128},[69,142665,132],{"class":83},[69,142667,35399],{"class":146},[69,142669,537],{"class":83},[69,142671,141909],{"class":146},[69,142673,132],{"class":83},[69,142675,871],{"class":699},[69,142677,134719],{"class":703},[69,142679,871],{"class":699},[69,142681,91],{"class":83},[69,142683,2504],{"class":87},[69,142685,91],{"class":83},[69,142687,142688],{"class":87}," 13",[69,142690,186],{"class":83},[69,142692,4381],{"class":189},[69,142694,142695,142697,142699,142701,142703,142705,142707,142709,142711,142713,142715,142717,142719,142721,142723],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,142696,172],{"class":128},[69,142698,132],{"class":83},[69,142700,35399],{"class":146},[69,142702,537],{"class":83},[69,142704,141909],{"class":146},[69,142706,132],{"class":83},[69,142708,871],{"class":699},[69,142710,134719],{"class":703},[69,142712,871],{"class":699},[69,142714,91],{"class":83},[69,142716,2504],{"class":87},[69,142718,91],{"class":83},[69,142720,31632],{"class":87},[69,142722,186],{"class":83},[69,142724,5476],{"class":189},[20,142726,142727,142728,142730],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142729,53135],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[55,142732,142734],{"id":142733},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142736,142737],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142739,142740,142741,49821],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142742,41306],{},[60,142744,142746],{"className":62,"code":142745,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142747,142748,142762,142776,142790,142794,142818,142822,142843,142864],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,142749,142750,142753,142755,142757,142760],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,142751,142752],{"class":75},"filename1 ",[69,142754,80],{"class":79},[69,142756,881],{"class":699},[69,142758,142759],{"class":703},"img_101.jpg",[69,142761,4079],{"class":699},[69,142763,142764,142767,142769,142771,142774],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,142765,142766],{"class":75},"filename2 ",[69,142768,80],{"class":79},[69,142770,881],{"class":699},[69,142772,142773],{"class":703},"photo_202.jpg",[69,142775,4079],{"class":699},[69,142777,142778,142781,142783,142785,142788],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,142779,142780],{"class":75},"filename3 ",[69,142782,80],{"class":79},[69,142784,881],{"class":699},[69,142786,142787],{"class":703},"doc_303.jpg",[69,142789,4079],{"class":699},[69,142791,142792],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,142793,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,142795,142796,142798,142800,142802,142804,142806,142808,142810,142812,142814,142816],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,142797,128128],{"class":75},[69,142799,80],{"class":79},[69,142801,441],{"class":83},[69,142803,871],{"class":699},[69,142805,142444],{"class":703},[69,142807,871],{"class":699},[69,142809,91],{"class":83},[69,142811,881],{"class":699},[69,142813,142453],{"class":703},[69,142815,871],{"class":699},[69,142817,166],{"class":83},[69,142819,142820],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,142821,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,142823,142824,142826,142828,142831,142833,142835,142837,142839,142841],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,142825,172],{"class":128},[69,142827,132],{"class":83},[69,142829,142830],{"class":146},"filename1",[69,142832,537],{"class":83},[69,142834,141909],{"class":146},[69,142836,132],{"class":83},[69,142838,128180],{"class":146},[69,142840,186],{"class":83},[69,142842,4381],{"class":189},[69,142844,142845,142847,142849,142852,142854,142856,142858,142860,142862],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,142846,172],{"class":128},[69,142848,132],{"class":83},[69,142850,142851],{"class":146},"filename2",[69,142853,537],{"class":83},[69,142855,141909],{"class":146},[69,142857,132],{"class":83},[69,142859,128180],{"class":146},[69,142861,186],{"class":83},[69,142863,4381],{"class":189},[69,142865,142866,142868,142870,142873,142875,142877,142879,142881,142883],{"class":71,"line":7120},[69,142867,172],{"class":128},[69,142869,132],{"class":83},[69,142871,142872],{"class":146},"filename3",[69,142874,537],{"class":83},[69,142876,141909],{"class":146},[69,142878,132],{"class":83},[69,142880,128180],{"class":146},[69,142882,186],{"class":83},[69,142884,5476],{"class":189},[20,142886,142887],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142889,75250,142890,142894],{},[533,142891,126833,142892,11428],{"href":130427},[15,142893,126891],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[55,142896,124480],{"id":124479},[20,142898,142899,124291],{},[15,142900,128201],{},[20,142902,127878,142903,5096,142906,127885],{},[15,142904,142905],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142907,142908],{},"\"python\"",[60,142910,142912],{"className":62,"code":142911,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142913,142914,142926,142930,142954],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,142915,142916,142918,142920,142922,142924],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,142917,35378],{"class":75},[69,142919,80],{"class":79},[69,142921,881],{"class":699},[69,142923,7985],{"class":703},[69,142925,4079],{"class":699},[69,142927,142928],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,142929,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,142931,142932,142934,142936,142938,142940,142942,142944,142946,142948,142950,142952],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,142933,172],{"class":128},[69,142935,132],{"class":83},[69,142937,35399],{"class":146},[69,142939,537],{"class":83},[69,142941,141909],{"class":146},[69,142943,132],{"class":83},[69,142945,871],{"class":699},[69,142947,142020],{"class":703},[69,142949,871],{"class":699},[69,142951,186],{"class":83},[69,142953,4381],{"class":189},[69,142955,142956,142958,142960,142962,142964,142966,142968,142970,142972,142974,142976],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,142957,172],{"class":128},[69,142959,132],{"class":83},[69,142961,35399],{"class":146},[69,142963,537],{"class":83},[69,142965,141909],{"class":146},[69,142967,132],{"class":83},[69,142969,871],{"class":699},[69,142971,129279],{"class":703},[69,142973,871],{"class":699},[69,142975,186],{"class":83},[69,142977,5476],{"class":189},[20,142979,127970,142980,537],{},[533,142981,142982],{"href":124560},[15,142983,124563],{},[60,142985,142987],{"className":62,"code":142986,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142988,142989,143001,143005],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,142990,142991,142993,142995,142997,142999],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,142992,35378],{"class":75},[69,142994,80],{"class":79},[69,142996,881],{"class":699},[69,142998,7985],{"class":703},[69,143000,4079],{"class":699},[69,143002,143003],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,143004,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,143006,143007,143009,143011,143013,143015,143017,143019,143021,143023,143025,143027,143029,143031],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,143008,172],{"class":128},[69,143010,132],{"class":83},[69,143012,35399],{"class":146},[69,143014,537],{"class":83},[69,143016,9326],{"class":146},[69,143018,9323],{"class":83},[69,143020,141909],{"class":146},[69,143022,132],{"class":83},[69,143024,871],{"class":699},[69,143026,129279],{"class":703},[69,143028,871],{"class":699},[69,143030,186],{"class":83},[69,143032,4381],{"class":189},[55,143034,1373,143036],{"id":143035},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,143037,128201],{},[20,143039,143040,143042],{},[15,143041,128201],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,143044,10059],{},[29,143046,143047,143050,143053,143062],{},[32,143048,143049],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[32,143051,143052],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[32,143054,143055,143056,394,143059],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,143057,143058],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,143060,143061],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[32,143063,143064],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,143066,234],{},[60,143068,143070],{"className":62,"code":143069,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,143071,143072,143085,143089,143118],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143073,143074,143076,143078,143080,143083],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143075,127696],{"class":75},[69,143077,80],{"class":79},[69,143079,881],{"class":699},[69,143081,143082],{"class":703},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[69,143084,4079],{"class":699},[69,143086,143087],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,143088,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,143090,143091,143093,143096,143098,143100,143102,143104,143106,143108,143110,143112,143114,143116],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,143092,1712],{"class":1053},[69,143094,143095],{"class":75}," url",[69,143097,537],{"class":83},[69,143099,141909],{"class":146},[69,143101,6210],{"class":83},[69,143103,871],{"class":699},[69,143105,143058],{"class":703},[69,143107,871],{"class":699},[69,143109,91],{"class":83},[69,143111,881],{"class":699},[69,143113,143061],{"class":703},[69,143115,871],{"class":699},[69,143117,70041],{"class":83},[69,143119,143120,143122,143124,143126,143129,143131],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,143121,8756],{"class":128},[69,143123,132],{"class":83},[69,143125,871],{"class":699},[69,143127,143128],{"class":703},"This looks like a web URL.",[69,143130,871],{"class":699},[69,143132,166],{"class":83},[55,143134,1771],{"id":1770},[20,143136,23783,143137,537],{},[15,143138,128201],{},[377,143140,139273],{"id":143141},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,143143,143144,124291],{},[15,143145,128201],{},[60,143147,143149],{"className":62,"code":143148,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,143150,143151,143163],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143152,143153,143155,143157,143159,143161],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143154,35378],{"class":75},[69,143156,80],{"class":79},[69,143158,881],{"class":699},[69,143160,7985],{"class":703},[69,143162,4079],{"class":699},[69,143164,143165,143167,143169,143171,143173,143175,143177,143179,143181,143183,143185],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,143166,172],{"class":128},[69,143168,132],{"class":83},[69,143170,35399],{"class":146},[69,143172,537],{"class":83},[69,143174,141909],{"class":146},[69,143176,132],{"class":83},[69,143178,871],{"class":699},[69,143180,64],{"class":703},[69,143182,871],{"class":699},[69,143184,186],{"class":83},[69,143186,5476],{"class":189},[20,143188,1849],{},[60,143190,143192],{"className":62,"code":143191,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,143193,143194],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143195,143196,143198,143200,143202,143204,143206,143208,143210,143212,143214,143216,143218,143220],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143197,172],{"class":128},[69,143199,132],{"class":83},[69,143201,35399],{"class":146},[69,143203,537],{"class":83},[69,143205,9326],{"class":146},[69,143207,9323],{"class":83},[69,143209,141909],{"class":146},[69,143211,132],{"class":83},[69,143213,871],{"class":699},[69,143215,64],{"class":703},[69,143217,871],{"class":699},[69,143219,186],{"class":83},[69,143221,4381],{"class":189},[377,143223,30338,143225,137755],{"id":143224},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,143226,128201],{},[20,143228,143229],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[60,143231,143233],{"className":62,"code":143232,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,143234,143235,143243,143247,143252],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143236,143237,143239,143241],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143238,3173],{"class":75},[69,143240,80],{"class":79},[69,143242,125515],{"class":87},[69,143244,143245],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,143246,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,143248,143249],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,143250,143251],{"class":189},"# This will cause an error:\n",[69,143253,143254],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,143255,143256],{"class":189},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,143258,1849],{},[60,143260,143262],{"className":62,"code":143261,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,143263,143264,143278],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143265,143266,143268,143270,143272,143274,143276],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143267,3173],{"class":75},[69,143269,80],{"class":79},[69,143271,49377],{"class":177},[69,143273,132],{"class":83},[69,143275,50719],{"class":87},[69,143277,166],{"class":83},[69,143279,143280,143282,143284,143286,143288,143290,143292,143294,143296,143298,143300],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,143281,172],{"class":128},[69,143283,132],{"class":83},[69,143285,3198],{"class":146},[69,143287,537],{"class":83},[69,143289,141909],{"class":146},[69,143291,132],{"class":83},[69,143293,871],{"class":699},[69,143295,88],{"class":703},[69,143297,871],{"class":699},[69,143299,186],{"class":83},[69,143301,4381],{"class":189},[377,143303,2309,143305,843,143307],{"id":143304},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,143306,128201],{},[15,143308,1574],{},[20,143310,143311,143313],{},[15,143312,128201],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,143315,143316,143317,143319,143320,537],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,143318,1574],{}," or methods like ",[533,143321,143322],{"href":124843},[15,143323,124828],{},[60,143325,143327],{"className":62,"code":143326,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,143328,143329,143341,143345,143369],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143330,143331,143333,143335,143337,143339],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143332,35378],{"class":75},[69,143334,80],{"class":79},[69,143336,881],{"class":699},[69,143338,60883],{"class":703},[69,143340,4079],{"class":699},[69,143342,143343],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,143344,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,143346,143347,143349,143351,143353,143355,143357,143359,143361,143363,143365,143367],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,143348,172],{"class":128},[69,143350,132],{"class":83},[69,143352,35399],{"class":146},[69,143354,537],{"class":83},[69,143356,141909],{"class":146},[69,143358,132],{"class":83},[69,143360,871],{"class":699},[69,143362,61068],{"class":703},[69,143364,871],{"class":699},[69,143366,186],{"class":83},[69,143368,5476],{"class":189},[69,143370,143371,143373,143375,143377,143379,143381,143383,143385,143387],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,143372,172],{"class":128},[69,143374,132],{"class":83},[69,143376,871],{"class":699},[69,143378,61068],{"class":703},[69,143380,871],{"class":699},[69,143382,21864],{"class":1053},[69,143384,43312],{"class":146},[69,143386,938],{"class":83},[69,143388,143389],{"class":189},"           # True\n",[20,143391,136307,143392,537],{},[533,143393,127869],{"href":124088},[377,143395,5408,143397,5096,143399,143401],{"id":143396},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,143398,36762],{},[15,143400,53135],{}," use index positions",[20,143403,143404,143405,537],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,143406,1226],{},[60,143408,143410],{"className":62,"code":143409,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,143411,143412,143425,143429],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143413,143414,143416,143418,143420,143423],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143415,35378],{"class":75},[69,143417,80],{"class":79},[69,143419,881],{"class":699},[69,143421,143422],{"class":703},"abcdef",[69,143424,4079],{"class":699},[69,143426,143427],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,143428,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,143430,143431,143433,143435,143437,143439,143441,143443,143445,143448,143450,143452,143454,143456],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,143432,172],{"class":128},[69,143434,132],{"class":83},[69,143436,35399],{"class":146},[69,143438,537],{"class":83},[69,143440,141909],{"class":146},[69,143442,132],{"class":83},[69,143444,871],{"class":699},[69,143446,143447],{"class":703},"cd",[69,143449,871],{"class":699},[69,143451,91],{"class":83},[69,143453,94],{"class":87},[69,143455,186],{"class":83},[69,143457,4381],{"class":189},[377,143459,143461],{"id":143460},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,143463,143464],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,143466,2235],{},[60,143468,143470],{"className":62,"code":143469,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,143471,143472],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143473,143474],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143475,143469],{"class":189},[20,143477,2253],{},[60,143479,143481],{"className":62,"code":143480,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,143482,143483,143495],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143484,143485,143487,143489,143491,143493],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143486,35378],{"class":75},[69,143488,80],{"class":79},[69,143490,881],{"class":699},[69,143492,7985],{"class":703},[69,143494,4079],{"class":699},[69,143496,143497,143499,143501,143503,143505,143507,143509,143511,143513,143515,143517,143519,143522,143524,143526],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,143498,172],{"class":128},[69,143500,132],{"class":83},[69,143502,35399],{"class":146},[69,143504,537],{"class":83},[69,143506,141909],{"class":146},[69,143508,6210],{"class":83},[69,143510,871],{"class":699},[69,143512,142020],{"class":703},[69,143514,871],{"class":699},[69,143516,91],{"class":83},[69,143518,881],{"class":699},[69,143520,143521],{"class":703},"Ja",[69,143523,871],{"class":699},[69,143525,51565],{"class":83},[69,143527,4381],{"class":189},[20,143529,32772],{},[60,143531,143533],{"className":62,"code":143532,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,143534,143535,143545,143559,143581,143607],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143536,143537,143539,143541,143543],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143538,172],{"class":128},[69,143540,132],{"class":83},[69,143542,35399],{"class":146},[69,143544,166],{"class":83},[69,143546,143547,143549,143551,143553,143555,143557],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,143548,172],{"class":128},[69,143550,132],{"class":83},[69,143552,641],{"class":177},[69,143554,132],{"class":83},[69,143556,35399],{"class":146},[69,143558,318],{"class":83},[69,143560,143561,143563,143565,143567,143569,143571,143573,143575,143577,143579],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,143562,172],{"class":128},[69,143564,132],{"class":83},[69,143566,35399],{"class":146},[69,143568,537],{"class":83},[69,143570,141909],{"class":146},[69,143572,132],{"class":83},[69,143574,871],{"class":699},[69,143576,142020],{"class":703},[69,143578,871],{"class":699},[69,143580,318],{"class":83},[69,143582,143583,143585,143587,143589,143591,143593,143595,143597,143599,143601,143603,143605],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,143584,172],{"class":128},[69,143586,132],{"class":83},[69,143588,35399],{"class":146},[69,143590,537],{"class":83},[69,143592,9326],{"class":146},[69,143594,9323],{"class":83},[69,143596,141909],{"class":146},[69,143598,132],{"class":83},[69,143600,871],{"class":699},[69,143602,129279],{"class":703},[69,143604,871],{"class":699},[69,143606,318],{"class":83},[69,143608,143609,143611,143613,143615,143617,143619,143621,143623,143625,143627,143629,143631,143633,143635],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,143610,172],{"class":128},[69,143612,132],{"class":83},[69,143614,35399],{"class":146},[69,143616,537],{"class":83},[69,143618,141909],{"class":146},[69,143620,6210],{"class":83},[69,143622,871],{"class":699},[69,143624,142020],{"class":703},[69,143626,871],{"class":699},[69,143628,91],{"class":83},[69,143630,881],{"class":699},[69,143632,143521],{"class":703},[69,143634,871],{"class":699},[69,143636,2019],{"class":83},[55,143638,2519],{"id":2518},[377,143640,2523,143642,128679],{"id":143641},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143643,128201],{},[20,143645,143646,143647,394,143649,537],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143648,224],{},[15,143650,230],{},[377,143652,5871,143654,143656],{"id":143653},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143655,128201],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143658,143659],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[60,143661,143663],{"className":62,"code":143662,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143664,143665],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143666,143667,143669,143671,143673,143675,143677,143679,143681,143683,143685,143687,143689],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143668,35399],{"class":75},[69,143670,537],{"class":83},[69,143672,141909],{"class":146},[69,143674,6210],{"class":83},[69,143676,871],{"class":699},[69,143678,533],{"class":703},[69,143680,871],{"class":699},[69,143682,91],{"class":83},[69,143684,881],{"class":699},[69,143686,5465],{"class":703},[69,143688,871],{"class":699},[69,143690,318],{"class":83},[377,143692,15595,143694,125169],{"id":143693},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143695,128201],{},[20,143697,130362],{},[377,143699,5881,143701,5096,143703,3218],{"id":143700},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143702,128201],{},[15,143704,1574],{},[20,143706,143707,143709,143710,143712],{},[15,143708,128201],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143711,1574],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[377,143714,2551,143716,5096,143718,843,143720,3218],{"id":143715},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143717,36762],{},[15,143719,53135],{},[15,143721,128201],{},[20,143723,143724],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[55,143726,2620],{"id":2619},[29,143728,143729,143735,143741,143747,143751],{},[32,143730,143731],{},[533,143732,126833,143733,11428],{"href":130427},[15,143734,126891],{},[32,143736,143737],{},[533,143738,126833,143739,11428],{"href":124843},[15,143740,124828],{},[32,143742,143743],{},[533,143744,126833,143745,11428],{"href":124560},[15,143746,124563],{},[32,143748,143749],{},[533,143750,125232],{"href":124088},[32,143752,143753],{},[533,143754,125588],{"href":51449},[2650,143756,143757],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":143759},[143760,143762,143763,143769,143770,143772,143773,143774,143776,143786,143798],{"id":141955,"depth":120,"text":143761},"What startswith() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":142234,"depth":120,"text":142235,"children":143764},[143765,143766,143767,143768],{"id":142072,"depth":169,"text":142072},{"id":36762,"depth":169,"text":36762},{"id":53135,"depth":169,"text":53135},{"id":142401,"depth":169,"text":142402},{"id":18107,"depth":120,"text":18108},{"id":142579,"depth":120,"text":143771},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142733,"depth":120,"text":142734},{"id":124479,"depth":120,"text":124480},{"id":143035,"depth":120,"text":143775},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771,"children":143777},[143778,143779,143781,143783,143785],{"id":143141,"depth":169,"text":139273},{"id":143224,"depth":169,"text":143780},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":143304,"depth":169,"text":143782},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":143396,"depth":169,"text":143784},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":143460,"depth":169,"text":143461},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":143787},[143788,143790,143792,143794,143796],{"id":143641,"depth":169,"text":143789},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143653,"depth":169,"text":143791},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143693,"depth":169,"text":143793},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143700,"depth":169,"text":143795},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143715,"depth":169,"text":143797},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141855,"description":143799},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143806,"title":143807,"body":143808,"description":145262,"extension":2697,"meta":145263,"navigation":272,"path":145264,"seo":145265,"stem":145266,"__hash__":145267},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143809,"toc":145232},[143810,143815,143820,143823,143825,143869,143871,143879,143884,143889,143894,143896,143914,143916,143962,143964,143978,143987,143991,143993,143995,144007,144012,144015,144047,144049,144058,144063,144066,144107,144109,144117,144119,144132,144138,144142,144145,144161,144163,144212,144214,144223,144226,144285,144287,144296,144303,144306,144359,144361,144385,144392,144398,144402,144408,144411,144422,144424,144464,144466,144474,144476,144516,144518,144527,144529,144547,144550,144557,144568,144571,144588,144590,144667,144669,144700,144703,144705,144708,144734,144736,144776,144778,144787,144797,144805,144813,144818,144823,144825,144839,144841,144892,144894,144903,144913,144915,144917,144939,144942,145021,145023,145059,145062,145137,145142,145144,145150,145155,145160,145163,145169,145172,145179,145187,145191,145199,145201,145229],[10,143811,123833,143813,12011],{"id":143812},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143814,42123],{},[20,143816,33007,143817,143819],{},[15,143818,42123],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143821,143822],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[55,143824,4327],{"id":4326},[60,143826,143828],{"className":62,"code":143827,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143829,143830,143843,143858],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143831,143832,143834,143836,143838,143841],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143833,35378],{"class":75},[69,143835,80],{"class":79},[69,143837,881],{"class":699},[69,143839,143840],{"class":703},"  hello  ",[69,143842,4079],{"class":699},[69,143844,143845,143848,143850,143852,143854,143856],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,143846,143847],{"class":75},"clean_text ",[69,143849,80],{"class":79},[69,143851,43312],{"class":75},[69,143853,537],{"class":83},[69,143855,9320],{"class":146},[69,143857,9329],{"class":83},[69,143859,143860,143862,143864,143867],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,143861,172],{"class":128},[69,143863,132],{"class":83},[69,143865,143866],{"class":146},"clean_text",[69,143868,166],{"class":83},[20,143870,321],{},[60,143872,143873],{"className":62,"code":139148,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,143874,143875],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143876,143877],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143878,139148],{"class":75},[20,143880,1378,143881,143883],{},[15,143882,42123],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[55,143885,202,143887,205],{"id":143886},"what-strip-does",[15,143888,42123],{},[20,143890,143891,143893],{},[15,143892,42123],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143895,13744],{},[29,143897,143898,143902,143905,143908,143911],{},[32,143899,143900,132183],{},[15,143901,42123],{},[32,143903,143904],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[32,143906,143907],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[32,143909,143910],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[32,143912,143913],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143915,234],{},[60,143917,143919],{"className":62,"code":143918,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143920,143921,143934,143938,143952],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143922,143923,143925,143927,143929,143932],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143924,35378],{"class":75},[69,143926,80],{"class":79},[69,143928,881],{"class":699},[69,143930,143931],{"class":703},"  hello world  ",[69,143933,4079],{"class":699},[69,143935,143936],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,143937,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,143939,143940,143942,143944,143946,143948,143950],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,143941,172],{"class":128},[69,143943,132],{"class":83},[69,143945,35399],{"class":146},[69,143947,537],{"class":83},[69,143949,9320],{"class":146},[69,143951,7882],{"class":83},[69,143953,143954,143956,143958,143960],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,143955,172],{"class":128},[69,143957,132],{"class":83},[69,143959,35399],{"class":146},[69,143961,166],{"class":83},[20,143963,321],{},[60,143965,143967],{"className":62,"code":143966,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143968,143969,143973],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,143970,143971],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,143972,134849],{"class":75},[69,143974,143975],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,143976,143977],{"class":75},"  hello world\n",[20,143979,143980,143981,143983,143984,143986],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143982,42123],{},", but the original ",[15,143985,35399],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143988,125585,143989,537],{},[533,143990,125588],{"href":51449},[55,143992,2888],{"id":2887},[20,143994,27175],{},[29,143996,143997,144002],{},[32,143998,143999],{},[15,144000,144001],{},"string.strip()",[32,144003,144004],{},[15,144005,144006],{},"string.strip(chars)",[377,144008,144010],{"id":144009},"stringstrip",[15,144011,144001],{},[20,144013,144014],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[60,144016,144018],{"className":62,"code":144017,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,144019,144020,144033],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144021,144022,144024,144026,144028,144031],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144023,8563],{"class":75},[69,144025,80],{"class":79},[69,144027,881],{"class":699},[69,144029,144030],{"class":703},"  Alice  ",[69,144032,4079],{"class":699},[69,144034,144035,144037,144039,144041,144043,144045],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,144036,172],{"class":128},[69,144038,132],{"class":83},[69,144040,8356],{"class":146},[69,144042,537],{"class":83},[69,144044,9320],{"class":146},[69,144046,7882],{"class":83},[20,144048,321],{},[60,144050,144052],{"className":62,"code":144051,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Alice\n",[15,144053,144054],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144055,144056],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144057,144051],{"class":75},[377,144059,144061],{"id":144060},"stringstripchars",[15,144062,144006],{},[20,144064,144065],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[60,144067,144069],{"className":62,"code":144068,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,144070,144071,144084],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144072,144073,144075,144077,144079,144082],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144074,35378],{"class":75},[69,144076,80],{"class":79},[69,144078,881],{"class":699},[69,144080,144081],{"class":703},"!!hello??",[69,144083,4079],{"class":699},[69,144085,144086,144088,144090,144092,144094,144096,144098,144100,144103,144105],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,144087,172],{"class":128},[69,144089,132],{"class":83},[69,144091,35399],{"class":146},[69,144093,537],{"class":83},[69,144095,9320],{"class":146},[69,144097,132],{"class":83},[69,144099,871],{"class":699},[69,144101,144102],{"class":703},"!?",[69,144104,871],{"class":699},[69,144106,318],{"class":83},[20,144108,321],{},[60,144110,144111],{"className":62,"code":139148,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,144112,144113],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144114,144115],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144116,139148],{"class":75},[20,144118,84299],{},[29,144120,144121,144126],{},[32,144122,144123,144125],{},[15,144124,135092],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[32,144127,144128,144129,144131],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,144130,135092],{}," does not matter",[55,144133,144135,144136],{"id":144134},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,144137,42123],{},[20,144139,31574,144140,537],{},[15,144141,42123],{},[20,144143,144144],{},"It is useful for:",[29,144146,144147,144152,144155,144158],{},[32,144148,144149,144150,4594],{},"Cleaning ",[15,144151,3682],{},[32,144153,144154],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[32,144156,144157],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[32,144159,144160],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,144162,48834],{},[60,144164,144166],{"className":62,"code":144165,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,144167,144168,144181,144197,144201],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144169,144170,144172,144174,144176,144179],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144171,8648],{"class":75},[69,144173,80],{"class":79},[69,144175,881],{"class":699},[69,144177,144178],{"class":703},"  sam  ",[69,144180,4079],{"class":699},[69,144182,144183,144186,144188,144191,144193,144195],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,144184,144185],{"class":75},"clean_username ",[69,144187,80],{"class":79},[69,144189,144190],{"class":75}," username",[69,144192,537],{"class":83},[69,144194,9320],{"class":146},[69,144196,9329],{"class":83},[69,144198,144199],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,144200,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,144202,144203,144205,144207,144210],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,144204,172],{"class":128},[69,144206,132],{"class":83},[69,144208,144209],{"class":146},"clean_username",[69,144211,166],{"class":83},[20,144213,321],{},[60,144215,144217],{"className":62,"code":144216,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"sam\n",[15,144218,144219],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144220,144221],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144222,144216],{"class":75},[20,144224,144225],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[60,144227,144229],{"className":62,"code":144228,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144230,144231,144244,144248,144270],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144232,144233,144235,144237,144239,144242],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144234,137076],{"class":75},[69,144236,80],{"class":79},[69,144238,881],{"class":699},[69,144240,144241],{"class":703}," yes  ",[69,144243,4079],{"class":699},[69,144245,144246],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,144247,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,144249,144250,144252,144254,144256,144258,144260,144262,144264,144266,144268],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,144251,1712],{"class":1053},[69,144253,137096],{"class":75},[69,144255,537],{"class":83},[69,144257,9320],{"class":146},[69,144259,8053],{"class":83},[69,144261,155],{"class":79},[69,144263,881],{"class":699},[69,144265,9344],{"class":703},[69,144267,871],{"class":699},[69,144269,1579],{"class":83},[69,144271,144272,144274,144276,144278,144281,144283],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,144273,8756],{"class":128},[69,144275,132],{"class":83},[69,144277,871],{"class":699},[69,144279,144280],{"class":703},"Matched",[69,144282,871],{"class":699},[69,144284,166],{"class":83},[20,144286,321],{},[60,144288,144290],{"className":62,"code":144289,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Matched\n",[15,144291,144292],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144293,144294],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144295,144289],{"class":75},[20,144297,144298,144299,537],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[533,144300,144302],{"href":144301},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,144304,144305],{},"Example with file-style text:",[60,144307,144309],{"className":62,"code":144308,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,144310,144311,144327,144341],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144312,144313,144316,144318,144320,144323,144325],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144314,144315],{"class":75},"line ",[69,144317,80],{"class":79},[69,144319,881],{"class":699},[69,144321,144322],{"class":703},"Python basics",[69,144324,87631],{"class":685},[69,144326,4079],{"class":699},[69,144328,144329,144331,144333,144335,144337,144339],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,144330,172],{"class":128},[69,144332,132],{"class":83},[69,144334,42249],{"class":128},[69,144336,132],{"class":83},[69,144338,71],{"class":146},[69,144340,318],{"class":83},[69,144342,144343,144345,144347,144349,144351,144353,144355,144357],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,144344,172],{"class":128},[69,144346,132],{"class":83},[69,144348,42249],{"class":128},[69,144350,132],{"class":83},[69,144352,71],{"class":146},[69,144354,537],{"class":83},[69,144356,9320],{"class":146},[69,144358,6985],{"class":83},[20,144360,321],{},[60,144362,144364],{"className":62,"code":144363,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,144365,144366,144377],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144367,144368,144370,144372,144375],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144369,706],{"class":43799},[69,144371,144322],{"class":43803},[69,144373,87631],{"class":144374},"sfi6f",[69,144376,30388],{"class":43799},[69,144378,144379,144381,144383],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,144380,706],{"class":43799},[69,144382,144322],{"class":43803},[69,144384,30388],{"class":43799},[20,144386,840,144387,144389,144390,537],{},[15,144388,123047],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,144391,87631],{},[20,144393,144394,144395,537],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[533,144396,144397],{"href":88284},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[55,144399,144401],{"id":144400},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,144403,144404,144405,537],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,144406,144407],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,144409,144410],{},"Python will:",[29,144412,144413,144416,144419],{},[32,144414,144415],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[32,144417,144418],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[32,144420,144421],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,144423,234],{},[60,144425,144427],{"className":62,"code":144426,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,144428,144429,144442],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144430,144431,144433,144435,144437,144440],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144432,35378],{"class":75},[69,144434,80],{"class":79},[69,144436,881],{"class":699},[69,144438,144439],{"class":703},"??hello!!",[69,144441,4079],{"class":699},[69,144443,144444,144446,144448,144450,144452,144454,144456,144458,144460,144462],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,144445,172],{"class":128},[69,144447,132],{"class":83},[69,144449,35399],{"class":146},[69,144451,537],{"class":83},[69,144453,9320],{"class":146},[69,144455,132],{"class":83},[69,144457,871],{"class":699},[69,144459,144102],{"class":703},[69,144461,871],{"class":699},[69,144463,318],{"class":83},[20,144465,321],{},[60,144467,144468],{"className":62,"code":139148,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,144469,144470],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144471,144472],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144473,139148],{"class":75},[20,144475,52554],{},[60,144477,144479],{"className":62,"code":144478,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,144480,144481,144494],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144482,144483,144485,144487,144489,144492],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144484,35378],{"class":75},[69,144486,80],{"class":79},[69,144488,881],{"class":699},[69,144490,144491],{"class":703},"abcHelloCba",[69,144493,4079],{"class":699},[69,144495,144496,144498,144500,144502,144504,144506,144508,144510,144512,144514],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,144497,172],{"class":128},[69,144499,132],{"class":83},[69,144501,35399],{"class":146},[69,144503,537],{"class":83},[69,144505,9320],{"class":146},[69,144507,132],{"class":83},[69,144509,871],{"class":699},[69,144511,42030],{"class":703},[69,144513,871],{"class":699},[69,144515,318],{"class":83},[20,144517,321],{},[60,144519,144521],{"className":62,"code":144520,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"HelloC\n",[15,144522,144523],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144524,144525],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144526,144520],{"class":75},[20,144528,6930],{},[20,144530,144531,14746,144534,144536,144537,144539,144540,2920,144542,2924,144544,144546],{},[15,144532,144533],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[42,144535,5334],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,144538,42030],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,144541,533],{},[15,144543,5465],{},[15,144545,10425],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,144548,144549],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,144551,144552,144553,7319],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[533,144554,144555],{"href":130414},[15,144556,125004],{},[55,144558,144560,11272,144562,11272,144565],{"id":144559},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144561,42123],{},[15,144563,144564],{},"lstrip()",[15,144566,144567],{},"rstrip()",[20,144569,144570],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[29,144572,144573,144578,144583],{},[32,144574,144575,144577],{},[15,144576,42123],{}," removes from both ends",[32,144579,144580,144582],{},[15,144581,144564],{}," removes from the left side only",[32,144584,144585,144587],{},[15,144586,144567],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144589,234],{},[60,144591,144593],{"className":62,"code":144592,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144594,144595,144607,144611,144629,144648],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144596,144597,144599,144601,144603,144605],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144598,35378],{"class":75},[69,144600,80],{"class":79},[69,144602,881],{"class":699},[69,144604,143840],{"class":703},[69,144606,4079],{"class":699},[69,144608,144609],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,144610,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,144612,144613,144615,144617,144619,144621,144623,144625,144627],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,144614,172],{"class":128},[69,144616,132],{"class":83},[69,144618,42249],{"class":128},[69,144620,132],{"class":83},[69,144622,35399],{"class":146},[69,144624,537],{"class":83},[69,144626,9320],{"class":146},[69,144628,6985],{"class":83},[69,144630,144631,144633,144635,144637,144639,144641,144643,144646],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,144632,172],{"class":128},[69,144634,132],{"class":83},[69,144636,42249],{"class":128},[69,144638,132],{"class":83},[69,144640,35399],{"class":146},[69,144642,537],{"class":83},[69,144644,144645],{"class":146},"lstrip",[69,144647,6985],{"class":83},[69,144649,144650,144652,144654,144656,144658,144660,144662,144665],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,144651,172],{"class":128},[69,144653,132],{"class":83},[69,144655,42249],{"class":128},[69,144657,132],{"class":83},[69,144659,35399],{"class":146},[69,144661,537],{"class":83},[69,144663,144664],{"class":146},"rstrip",[69,144666,6985],{"class":83},[20,144668,321],{},[60,144670,144672],{"className":62,"code":144671,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144673,144674,144682,144691],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144675,144676,144678,144680],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144677,706],{"class":43799},[69,144679,1275],{"class":43803},[69,144681,30388],{"class":43799},[69,144683,144684,144686,144689],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,144685,706],{"class":43799},[69,144687,144688],{"class":43803},"hello  ",[69,144690,30388],{"class":43799},[69,144692,144693,144695,144698],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,144694,706],{"class":43799},[69,144696,144697],{"class":43803},"  hello",[69,144699,30388],{"class":43799},[20,144701,144702],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[55,144704,108841],{"id":108840},[20,144706,144707],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[29,144709,144710,144718,144728,144731],{},[32,144711,144712,144714,144715,144717],{},[15,144713,144533],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144716,41999],{}," once",[32,144719,144720,144721,2920,144723,2924,144725,144727],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144722,533],{},[15,144724,5465],{},[15,144726,10425],{}," from both ends",[32,144729,144730],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[32,144732,144733],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144735,234],{},[60,144737,144739],{"className":62,"code":144738,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144740,144741,144754],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144742,144743,144745,144747,144749,144752],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144744,126916],{"class":75},[69,144746,80],{"class":79},[69,144748,881],{"class":699},[69,144750,144751],{"class":703},"txt_report.txt",[69,144753,4079],{"class":699},[69,144755,144756,144758,144760,144762,144764,144766,144768,144770,144772,144774],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,144757,172],{"class":128},[69,144759,132],{"class":83},[69,144761,126934],{"class":146},[69,144763,537],{"class":83},[69,144765,9320],{"class":146},[69,144767,132],{"class":83},[69,144769,871],{"class":699},[69,144771,126969],{"class":703},[69,144773,871],{"class":699},[69,144775,318],{"class":83},[20,144777,321],{},[60,144779,144781],{"className":62,"code":144780,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"_report\n",[15,144782,144783],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144784,144785],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144786,144780],{"class":75},[20,144788,144789,144790,2920,144792,2924,144794,144796],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144791,537],{},[15,144793,63764],{},[15,144795,2904],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144798,54128,144799,5488,144802,144804],{},[15,144800,144801],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[42,144803,5334],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144806,144807,144808,144812],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[533,144809,144810],{"href":130414},[15,144811,125004],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[55,144814,1373,144816],{"id":144815},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144817,42123],{},[20,144819,1378,144820,144822],{},[15,144821,42123],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144824,37116],{},[29,144826,144827,144831,144833,144836],{},[32,144828,144149,144829,4594],{},[15,144830,3682],{},[32,144832,144154],{},[32,144834,144835],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[32,144837,144838],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144840,234],{},[60,144842,144844],{"className":62,"code":144843,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144845,144846,144860,144864,144877],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144847,144848,144851,144853,144855,144858],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144849,144850],{"class":75},"email ",[69,144852,80],{"class":79},[69,144854,881],{"class":699},[69,144856,144857],{"class":703},"  user@example.com  ",[69,144859,4079],{"class":699},[69,144861,144862],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,144863,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,144865,144866,144868,144871,144873,144875],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,144867,1712],{"class":1053},[69,144869,144870],{"class":75}," email",[69,144872,537],{"class":83},[69,144874,9320],{"class":146},[69,144876,22285],{"class":83},[69,144878,144879,144881,144883,144885,144888,144890],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,144880,8756],{"class":128},[69,144882,132],{"class":83},[69,144884,871],{"class":699},[69,144886,144887],{"class":703},"Email was entered",[69,144889,871],{"class":699},[69,144891,166],{"class":83},[20,144893,321],{},[60,144895,144897],{"className":62,"code":144896,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Email was entered\n",[15,144898,144899],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144900,144901],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144902,144896],{"class":75},[20,144904,144905,144906,144908,144909,537],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144907,42123],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[533,144910,144911],{"href":124560},[15,144912,124563],{},[55,144914,1771],{"id":1770},[20,144916,84718],{},[29,144918,144919,144923,144928,144933],{},[32,144920,1780,144921,132053],{},[15,144922,42123],{},[32,144924,1780,144925,144927],{},[15,144926,42123],{}," to remove text from the middle",[32,144929,840,144930,144932],{},[15,144931,144801],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[32,144934,5408,144935,144938],{},[15,144936,144937],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144940,144941],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[60,144943,144945],{"className":62,"code":144944,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144946,144947,144961,144965,144975,144989,145003],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,144948,144949,144951,144953,144955,144957,144959],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,144950,35378],{"class":75},[69,144952,80],{"class":79},[69,144954,881],{"class":699},[69,144956,144697],{"class":703},[69,144958,87631],{"class":685},[69,144960,4079],{"class":699},[69,144962,144963],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,144964,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,144966,144967,144969,144971,144973],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,144968,172],{"class":128},[69,144970,132],{"class":83},[69,144972,35399],{"class":146},[69,144974,166],{"class":83},[69,144976,144977,144979,144981,144983,144985,144987],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,144978,172],{"class":128},[69,144980,132],{"class":83},[69,144982,42249],{"class":128},[69,144984,132],{"class":83},[69,144986,35399],{"class":146},[69,144988,318],{"class":83},[69,144990,144991,144993,144995,144997,144999,145001],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,144992,172],{"class":128},[69,144994,132],{"class":83},[69,144996,35399],{"class":146},[69,144998,537],{"class":83},[69,145000,9320],{"class":146},[69,145002,7882],{"class":83},[69,145004,145005,145007,145009,145011,145013,145015,145017,145019],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,145006,172],{"class":128},[69,145008,132],{"class":83},[69,145010,42249],{"class":128},[69,145012,132],{"class":83},[69,145014,35399],{"class":146},[69,145016,537],{"class":83},[69,145018,9320],{"class":146},[69,145020,6985],{"class":83},[20,145022,321],{},[60,145024,145026],{"className":62,"code":145025,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,145027,145028,145033,145037,145047,145051],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145029,145030],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145031,145032],{"class":75},"  hello\n",[69,145034,145035],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,145036,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,145038,145039,145041,145043,145045],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,145040,706],{"class":43799},[69,145042,144697],{"class":43803},[69,145044,87631],{"class":144374},[69,145046,30388],{"class":43799},[69,145048,145049],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,145050,139148],{"class":75},[69,145052,145053,145055,145057],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,145054,706],{"class":43799},[69,145056,1275],{"class":43803},[69,145058,30388],{"class":43799},[20,145060,145061],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[60,145063,145065],{"className":62,"code":145064,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,145066,145067,145077,145091,145105,145123],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145068,145069,145071,145073,145075],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145070,172],{"class":128},[69,145072,132],{"class":83},[69,145074,35399],{"class":146},[69,145076,166],{"class":83},[69,145078,145079,145081,145083,145085,145087,145089],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,145080,172],{"class":128},[69,145082,132],{"class":83},[69,145084,42249],{"class":128},[69,145086,132],{"class":83},[69,145088,35399],{"class":146},[69,145090,318],{"class":83},[69,145092,145093,145095,145097,145099,145101,145103],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,145094,172],{"class":128},[69,145096,132],{"class":83},[69,145098,35399],{"class":146},[69,145100,537],{"class":83},[69,145102,9320],{"class":146},[69,145104,7882],{"class":83},[69,145106,145107,145109,145111,145113,145115,145117,145119,145121],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,145108,172],{"class":128},[69,145110,132],{"class":83},[69,145112,42249],{"class":128},[69,145114,132],{"class":83},[69,145116,35399],{"class":146},[69,145118,537],{"class":83},[69,145120,9320],{"class":146},[69,145122,6985],{"class":83},[69,145124,145125,145127,145129,145131,145133,145135],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,145126,32842],{"class":128},[69,145128,132],{"class":83},[69,145130,4164],{"class":177},[69,145132,537],{"class":83},[69,145134,9320],{"class":25438},[69,145136,166],{"class":83},[20,145138,145139,145141],{},[15,145140,123047],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[55,145143,2519],{"id":2518},[377,145145,2523,145147,145149],{"id":145146},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,145148,42123],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,145151,46837,145152,145154],{},[15,145153,42123],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[377,145156,2523,145158,125160],{"id":145157},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,145159,42123],{},[20,145161,145162],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[377,145164,2561,145166,145168],{"id":145165},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,145167,42123],{}," remove by default?",[20,145170,145171],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[377,145173,34896,145175,34899,145177,3218],{"id":145174},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,145176,42123],{},[15,145178,125004],{},[20,145180,145181,145183,145184,145186],{},[15,145182,42123],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,145185,125004],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[377,145188,145190],{"id":145189},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,145192,128706,145193,145195,145196,145198],{},[15,145194,144564],{}," for the left side and ",[15,145197,144567],{}," for the right side.",[55,145200,2620],{"id":2619},[29,145202,145203,145209,145215,145220,145225],{},[32,145204,145205],{},[533,145206,126833,145207,11428],{"href":124560},[15,145208,124563],{},[32,145210,145211],{},[533,145212,126833,145213,11428],{"href":130414},[15,145214,125004],{},[32,145216,145217],{},[533,145218,145219],{"href":144301},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[32,145221,145222],{},[533,145223,145224],{"href":88284},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[32,145226,145227],{},[533,145228,125588],{"href":51449},[2650,145230,145231],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":145233},[145234,145235,145237,145241,145243,145244,145246,145247,145249,145250,145261],{"id":4326,"depth":120,"text":4327},{"id":143886,"depth":120,"text":145236},"What strip() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888,"children":145238},[145239,145240],{"id":144009,"depth":169,"text":144001},{"id":144060,"depth":169,"text":144006},{"id":144134,"depth":120,"text":145242},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":144400,"depth":120,"text":144401},{"id":144559,"depth":120,"text":145245},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108840,"depth":120,"text":108841},{"id":144815,"depth":120,"text":145248},"When to use strip()",{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":145251},[145252,145254,145256,145258,145260],{"id":145146,"depth":169,"text":145253},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":145157,"depth":169,"text":145255},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":145165,"depth":169,"text":145257},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":145174,"depth":169,"text":145259},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":145189,"depth":169,"text":145190},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143807,"description":145262},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":145269,"title":145270,"body":145271,"description":146451,"extension":2697,"meta":146452,"navigation":272,"path":146453,"seo":146454,"stem":146455,"__hash__":146456},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":145272,"toc":146421},[145273,145278,145283,145288,145290,145336,145344,145349,145363,145369,145371,145373,145388,145390,145400,145403,145434,145437,145460,145462,145465,145522,145524,145538,145540,145554,145560,145565,145568,145609,145611,145620,145628,145631,145676,145678,145687,145690,145694,145699,145713,145715,145747,145749,145769,145772,145777,145782,145784,145795,145798,145855,145857,145865,145874,145876,145878,145884,145886,145923,145925,145933,145935,145976,145978,145987,145992,145997,145999,146026,146033,146036,146067,146069,146078,146084,146093,146124,146126,146138,146151,146155,146160,146190,146192,146259,146261,146271,146273,146278,146281,146286,146291,146295,146301,146307,146310,146312,146370,146372,146380,146382,146418],[10,145274,123833,145276,12011],{"id":145275},"python-string-upper-method",[15,145277,128711],{},[20,145279,123838,145280,145282],{},[15,145281,128711],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,145284,85095,145285,145287],{},[15,145286,128711],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[55,145289,58],{"id":57},[60,145291,145293],{"className":62,"code":145292,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145294,145295,145307,145321,145331],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145296,145297,145299,145301,145303,145305],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145298,35378],{"class":75},[69,145300,80],{"class":79},[69,145302,881],{"class":699},[69,145304,129552],{"class":703},[69,145306,4079],{"class":699},[69,145308,145309,145311,145313,145315,145317,145319],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,145310,123],{"class":75},[69,145312,80],{"class":79},[69,145314,43312],{"class":75},[69,145316,537],{"class":83},[69,145318,35168],{"class":146},[69,145320,9329],{"class":83},[69,145322,145323,145325,145327,145329],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,145324,172],{"class":128},[69,145326,132],{"class":83},[69,145328,183],{"class":146},[69,145330,166],{"class":83},[69,145332,145333],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,145334,145335],{"class":189},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,145337,145338,145340,145341,145343],{},[15,145339,128711],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[42,145342,5334],{}," change the original string in place.",[55,145345,202,145347,205],{"id":145346},"what-upper-does",[15,145348,128711],{},[29,145350,145351,145356,145359,145361],{},[32,145352,145353,145355],{},[15,145354,128711],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[32,145357,145358],{},"It works on string values only",[32,145360,134081],{},[32,145362,136799],{},[20,145364,125585,145365,394,145367,537],{},[533,145366,136805],{"href":136804},[533,145368,125588],{"href":51449},[55,145370,2888],{"id":2887},[20,145372,354],{},[60,145374,145376],{"className":62,"code":145375,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"string.upper()\n",[15,145377,145378],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145379,145380,145382,145384,145386],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145381,61651],{"class":75},[69,145383,537],{"class":83},[69,145385,35168],{"class":146},[69,145387,9329],{"class":83},[20,145389,12148],{},[29,145391,145392,145394,145397],{},[32,145393,98006],{},[32,145395,145396],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[32,145398,145399],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,145401,145402],{},"Example with a variable:",[60,145404,145406],{"className":62,"code":145405,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,145407,145408,145420],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145409,145410,145412,145414,145416,145418],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145411,8563],{"class":75},[69,145413,80],{"class":79},[69,145415,881],{"class":699},[69,145417,64],{"class":703},[69,145419,4079],{"class":699},[69,145421,145422,145424,145426,145428,145430,145432],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,145423,172],{"class":128},[69,145425,132],{"class":83},[69,145427,8356],{"class":146},[69,145429,537],{"class":83},[69,145431,35168],{"class":146},[69,145433,7882],{"class":83},[20,145435,145436],{},"Example with a string literal:",[60,145438,145440],{"className":62,"code":145439,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,145441,145442],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145443,145444,145446,145448,145450,145452,145454,145456,145458],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145445,172],{"class":128},[69,145447,132],{"class":83},[69,145449,871],{"class":699},[69,145451,1275],{"class":703},[69,145453,871],{"class":699},[69,145455,537],{"class":83},[69,145457,35168],{"class":146},[69,145459,7882],{"class":83},[55,145461,12165],{"id":12164},[20,145463,145464],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[60,145466,145468],{"className":62,"code":145467,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,145469,145470,145482,145497,145501,145511],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145471,145472,145474,145476,145478,145480],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145473,6850],{"class":75},[69,145475,80],{"class":79},[69,145477,881],{"class":699},[69,145479,893],{"class":703},[69,145481,4079],{"class":699},[69,145483,145484,145487,145489,145491,145493,145495],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,145485,145486],{"class":75},"uppercase_word ",[69,145488,80],{"class":79},[69,145490,925],{"class":75},[69,145492,537],{"class":83},[69,145494,35168],{"class":146},[69,145496,9329],{"class":83},[69,145498,145499],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,145500,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,145502,145503,145505,145507,145509],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,145504,172],{"class":128},[69,145506,132],{"class":83},[69,145508,935],{"class":146},[69,145510,166],{"class":83},[69,145512,145513,145515,145517,145520],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,145514,172],{"class":128},[69,145516,132],{"class":83},[69,145518,145519],{"class":146},"uppercase_word",[69,145521,166],{"class":83},[20,145523,321],{},[60,145525,145527],{"className":62,"code":145526,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,145528,145529,145533],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145530,145531],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145532,70884],{"class":75},[69,145534,145535],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,145536,145537],{"class":685},"BANANA\n",[20,145539,112947],{},[29,145541,145542,145547],{},[32,145543,145544,145546],{},[15,145545,935],{}," keeps its original value",[32,145548,145549,145551,145552],{},[15,145550,145519],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145553,128711],{},[55,145555,145557,145559],{"id":145556},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145558,128711],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145561,137465,145562,145564],{},[42,145563,137468],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145566,145567],{},"So this method:",[60,145569,145571],{"className":62,"code":145570,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145572,145573,145585,145595,145599],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145574,145575,145577,145579,145581,145583],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145576,8563],{"class":75},[69,145578,80],{"class":79},[69,145580,881],{"class":699},[69,145582,18493],{"class":703},[69,145584,4079],{"class":699},[69,145586,145587,145589,145591,145593],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,145588,8356],{"class":75},[69,145590,537],{"class":83},[69,145592,35168],{"class":146},[69,145594,9329],{"class":83},[69,145596,145597],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,145598,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,145600,145601,145603,145605,145607],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,145602,172],{"class":128},[69,145604,132],{"class":83},[69,145606,8356],{"class":146},[69,145608,166],{"class":83},[20,145610,321],{},[60,145612,145614],{"className":62,"code":145613,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"alice\n",[15,145615,145616],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145617,145618],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145619,145613],{"class":75},[20,145621,21668,145622,145624,145625,145627],{},[15,145623,128711],{}," was called, ",[15,145626,8356],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145629,145630],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[60,145632,145634],{"className":62,"code":145633,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145635,145636,145648,145662,145666],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145637,145638,145640,145642,145644,145646],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145639,8563],{"class":75},[69,145641,80],{"class":79},[69,145643,881],{"class":699},[69,145645,18493],{"class":703},[69,145647,4079],{"class":699},[69,145649,145650,145652,145654,145656,145658,145660],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,145651,8563],{"class":75},[69,145653,80],{"class":79},[69,145655,36681],{"class":75},[69,145657,537],{"class":83},[69,145659,35168],{"class":146},[69,145661,9329],{"class":83},[69,145663,145664],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,145665,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,145667,145668,145670,145672,145674],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,145669,172],{"class":128},[69,145671,132],{"class":83},[69,145673,8356],{"class":146},[69,145675,166],{"class":83},[20,145677,321],{},[60,145679,145681],{"className":62,"code":145680,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"ALICE\n",[15,145682,145683],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145684,145685],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145686,145680],{"class":685},[20,145688,145689],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[55,145691,145693],{"id":145692},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145695,145696,145698],{},[15,145697,128711],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[29,145700,145701,145704,145707,145710],{},[32,145702,145703],{},"Numbers stay the same",[32,145705,145706],{},"Spaces stay the same",[32,145708,145709],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[32,145711,145712],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145714,234],{},[60,145716,145718],{"className":62,"code":145717,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145719,145720,145733],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145721,145722,145724,145726,145728,145731],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145723,35378],{"class":75},[69,145725,80],{"class":79},[69,145727,881],{"class":699},[69,145729,145730],{"class":703},"Room 7, table #3!",[69,145732,4079],{"class":699},[69,145734,145735,145737,145739,145741,145743,145745],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,145736,172],{"class":128},[69,145738,132],{"class":83},[69,145740,35399],{"class":146},[69,145742,537],{"class":83},[69,145744,35168],{"class":146},[69,145746,7882],{"class":83},[20,145748,321],{},[60,145750,145752],{"className":62,"code":145751,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145753,145754],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145755,145756,145759,145761,145763,145766],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145757,145758],{"class":685},"ROOM",[69,145760,6690],{"class":87},[69,145762,91],{"class":83},[69,145764,145765],{"class":685}," TABLE",[69,145767,145768],{"class":189}," #3!\n",[20,145770,145771],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[55,145773,1373,145775],{"id":145774},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145776,128711],{},[20,145778,145779,145781],{},[15,145780,128711],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145783,48812],{},[29,145785,145786,145789,145792],{},[32,145787,145788],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[32,145790,145791],{},"Format labels or headings",[32,145793,145794],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145796,145797],{},"Example: simple comparison",[60,145799,145801],{"className":62,"code":145800,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145802,145803,145815,145819,145841],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145804,145805,145807,145809,145811,145813],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145806,137076],{"class":75},[69,145808,80],{"class":79},[69,145810,881],{"class":699},[69,145812,9344],{"class":703},[69,145814,4079],{"class":699},[69,145816,145817],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,145818,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,145820,145821,145823,145825,145827,145829,145831,145833,145835,145837,145839],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,145822,1712],{"class":1053},[69,145824,137096],{"class":75},[69,145826,537],{"class":83},[69,145828,35168],{"class":146},[69,145830,8053],{"class":83},[69,145832,155],{"class":79},[69,145834,881],{"class":699},[69,145836,137083],{"class":703},[69,145838,871],{"class":699},[69,145840,1579],{"class":83},[69,145842,145843,145845,145847,145849,145851,145853],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,145844,8756],{"class":128},[69,145846,132],{"class":83},[69,145848,871],{"class":699},[69,145850,144280],{"class":703},[69,145852,871],{"class":699},[69,145854,166],{"class":83},[20,145856,321],{},[60,145858,145859],{"className":62,"code":144289,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,145860,145861],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145862,145863],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145864,144289],{"class":75},[20,145866,145867,145868,2920,145870,2924,145872,537],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145869,9344],{},[15,145871,137869],{},[15,145873,137083],{},[55,145875,1771],{"id":1770},[377,145877,96367],{"id":96366},[20,145879,8803,145880,145883],{},[15,145881,145882],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145885,2235],{},[60,145887,145889],{"className":62,"code":145888,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145890,145891,145903,145913],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145892,145893,145895,145897,145899,145901],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145894,35378],{"class":75},[69,145896,80],{"class":79},[69,145898,881],{"class":699},[69,145900,1275],{"class":703},[69,145902,4079],{"class":699},[69,145904,145905,145907,145909,145911],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,145906,35399],{"class":75},[69,145908,537],{"class":83},[69,145910,35168],{"class":146},[69,145912,9329],{"class":83},[69,145914,145915,145917,145919,145921],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,145916,172],{"class":128},[69,145918,132],{"class":83},[69,145920,35399],{"class":146},[69,145922,166],{"class":83},[20,145924,321],{},[60,145926,145927],{"className":62,"code":139148,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,145928,145929],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145930,145931],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145932,139148],{"class":75},[20,145934,2253],{},[60,145936,145938],{"className":62,"code":145937,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145939,145940,145952,145966],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145941,145942,145944,145946,145948,145950],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145943,35378],{"class":75},[69,145945,80],{"class":79},[69,145947,881],{"class":699},[69,145949,1275],{"class":703},[69,145951,4079],{"class":699},[69,145953,145954,145956,145958,145960,145962,145964],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,145955,35378],{"class":75},[69,145957,80],{"class":79},[69,145959,43312],{"class":75},[69,145961,537],{"class":83},[69,145963,35168],{"class":146},[69,145965,9329],{"class":83},[69,145967,145968,145970,145972,145974],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,145969,172],{"class":128},[69,145971,132],{"class":83},[69,145973,35399],{"class":146},[69,145975,166],{"class":83},[20,145977,321],{},[60,145979,145981],{"className":62,"code":145980,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"HELLO\n",[15,145982,145983],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,145984,145985],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,145986,145980],{"class":685},[377,145988,19598,145990,137755],{"id":145989},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145991,128711],{},[20,145993,145994,145996],{},[15,145995,128711],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145998,234],{},[60,146000,146002],{"className":62,"code":146001,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,146003,146004,146012],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146005,146006,146008,146010],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146007,1700],{"class":75},[69,146009,80],{"class":79},[69,146011,125515],{"class":87},[69,146013,146014,146016,146018,146020,146022,146024],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,146015,172],{"class":128},[69,146017,132],{"class":83},[69,146019,1045],{"class":146},[69,146021,537],{"class":83},[69,146023,35168],{"class":146},[69,146025,7882],{"class":83},[20,146027,2247,146028,146030,146031,34291],{},[15,146029,2919],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,146032,128711],{},[20,146034,146035],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[60,146037,146039],{"className":62,"code":146038,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,146040,146041,146049],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146042,146043,146045,146047],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146044,1700],{"class":75},[69,146046,80],{"class":79},[69,146048,125515],{"class":87},[69,146050,146051,146053,146055,146057,146059,146061,146063,146065],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,146052,172],{"class":128},[69,146054,132],{"class":83},[69,146056,4164],{"class":177},[69,146058,132],{"class":83},[69,146060,1045],{"class":146},[69,146062,9317],{"class":83},[69,146064,35168],{"class":146},[69,146066,7882],{"class":83},[20,146068,321],{},[60,146070,146072],{"className":62,"code":146071,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"123\n",[15,146073,146074],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146075,146076],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146077,146071],{"class":87},[377,146079,2309,146081,146083],{"id":146080},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,146082,128711],{}," with title case",[20,146085,146086,146088,146089,146092],{},[15,146087,128711],{}," makes ",[42,146090,146091],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[60,146094,146096],{"className":62,"code":146095,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,146097,146098,146110],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146099,146100,146102,146104,146106,146108],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146101,35378],{"class":75},[69,146103,80],{"class":79},[69,146105,881],{"class":699},[69,146107,60883],{"class":703},[69,146109,4079],{"class":699},[69,146111,146112,146114,146116,146118,146120,146122],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,146113,172],{"class":128},[69,146115,132],{"class":83},[69,146117,35399],{"class":146},[69,146119,537],{"class":83},[69,146121,35168],{"class":146},[69,146123,7882],{"class":83},[20,146125,321],{},[60,146127,146129],{"className":62,"code":146128,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,146130,146131],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146132,146133,146135],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146134,136857],{"class":685},[69,146136,146137],{"class":685}," WORLD\n",[20,146139,146140,146141,146145,146146,146150],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[533,146142,146143],{"href":124560},[15,146144,124563],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[533,146147,146148],{"href":130414},[15,146149,125004],{}," changes parts of a string.",[55,146152,146154],{"id":146153},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,146156,146157,146158,143],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,146159,128711],{},[29,146161,146162,146169,146176,146183],{},[32,146163,146164,146168],{},[533,146165,146166],{"href":124560},[15,146167,124563],{}," for lowercase text",[32,146170,146171,146175],{},[533,146172,146173],{"href":137403},[15,146174,42123],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[32,146177,146178,146182],{},[533,146179,146180],{"href":130414},[15,146181,125004],{}," for changing parts of a string",[32,146184,146185,5096,146187,146189],{},[15,146186,128201],{},[15,146188,126891],{}," for checks",[20,146191,234],{},[60,146193,146195],{"className":62,"code":146194,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,146196,146197,146209,146213,146228,146244,146248],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146198,146199,146201,146203,146205,146207],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146200,35378],{"class":75},[69,146202,80],{"class":79},[69,146204,881],{"class":699},[69,146206,143931],{"class":703},[69,146208,4079],{"class":699},[69,146210,146211],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,146212,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,146214,146215,146218,146220,146222,146224,146226],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,146216,146217],{"class":75},"cleaned ",[69,146219,80],{"class":79},[69,146221,43312],{"class":75},[69,146223,537],{"class":83},[69,146225,9320],{"class":146},[69,146227,9329],{"class":83},[69,146229,146230,146233,146235,146238,146240,146242],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,146231,146232],{"class":75},"loud ",[69,146234,80],{"class":79},[69,146236,146237],{"class":75}," cleaned",[69,146239,537],{"class":83},[69,146241,35168],{"class":146},[69,146243,9329],{"class":83},[69,146245,146246],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,146247,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,146249,146250,146252,146254,146257],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,146251,172],{"class":128},[69,146253,132],{"class":83},[69,146255,146256],{"class":146},"loud",[69,146258,166],{"class":83},[20,146260,321],{},[60,146262,146263],{"className":62,"code":146128,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,146264,146265],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146266,146267,146269],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146268,136857],{"class":685},[69,146270,146137],{"class":685},[55,146272,2519],{"id":2518},[377,146274,2523,146276,125160],{"id":146275},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,146277,128711],{},[20,146279,146280],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[377,146282,2523,146284,138137],{"id":146283},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,146285,128711],{},[20,146287,146288,146289,537],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,146290,145882],{},[377,146292,146294],{"id":146293},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,146296,146297,146298,146300],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,146299,128711],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[377,146302,2551,146304,146306],{"id":146303},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,146305,128711],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,146308,146309],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,146311,234],{},[60,146313,146315],{"className":62,"code":146314,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,146316,146317,146329,146342,146346],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146318,146319,146321,146323,146325,146327],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146320,3280],{"class":75},[69,146322,80],{"class":79},[69,146324,881],{"class":699},[69,146326,64],{"class":703},[69,146328,4079],{"class":699},[69,146330,146331,146333,146335,146337,146340],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,146332,3308],{"class":75},[69,146334,80],{"class":79},[69,146336,881],{"class":699},[69,146338,146339],{"class":703},"PYTHON",[69,146341,4079],{"class":699},[69,146343,146344],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,146345,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,146347,146348,146350,146352,146354,146356,146358,146360,146362,146364,146366,146368],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,146349,172],{"class":128},[69,146351,132],{"class":83},[69,146353,533],{"class":146},[69,146355,537],{"class":83},[69,146357,35168],{"class":146},[69,146359,8053],{"class":83},[69,146361,155],{"class":79},[69,146363,3285],{"class":146},[69,146365,537],{"class":83},[69,146367,35168],{"class":146},[69,146369,7882],{"class":83},[20,146371,321],{},[60,146373,146374],{"className":62,"code":4685,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,146375,146376],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146377,146378],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146379,4685],{"class":1203},[55,146381,2620],{"id":2619},[29,146383,146384,146388,146394,146400,146406,146410,146414],{},[32,146385,146386],{},[533,146387,125588],{"href":51449},[32,146389,146390],{},[533,146391,126833,146392,11428],{"href":124560},[15,146393,124563],{},[32,146395,146396],{},[533,146397,126833,146398,11428],{"href":137403},[15,146399,42123],{},[32,146401,146402],{},[533,146403,126833,146404,11428],{"href":130414},[15,146405,125004],{},[32,146407,146408],{},[533,146409,91161],{"href":90170},[32,146411,146412],{},[533,146413,125232],{"href":124088},[32,146415,146416],{},[533,146417,138223],{"href":136804},[2650,146419,146420],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":146422},[146423,146424,146426,146427,146428,146430,146431,146433,146440,146441,146450],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":145346,"depth":120,"text":146425},"What upper() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":12164,"depth":120,"text":12165},{"id":145556,"depth":120,"text":146429},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145692,"depth":120,"text":145693},{"id":145774,"depth":120,"text":146432},"When to use upper()",{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771,"children":146434},[146435,146436,146438],{"id":96366,"depth":169,"text":96367},{"id":145989,"depth":169,"text":146437},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":146080,"depth":169,"text":146439},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":146153,"depth":120,"text":146154},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":146442},[146443,146445,146447,146448],{"id":146275,"depth":169,"text":146444},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":146283,"depth":169,"text":146446},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":146293,"depth":169,"text":146294},{"id":146303,"depth":169,"text":146449},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":145270,"description":146451},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":146458,"title":146459,"body":146460,"description":148337,"extension":2697,"meta":148338,"navigation":272,"path":148339,"seo":148340,"stem":148341,"__hash__":148342},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":146461,"toc":148287},[146462,146468,146475,146481,146483,146539,146544,146549,146554,146557,146576,146579,146581,146605,146623,146634,146636,146639,146692,146694,146702,146704,146722,146727,146730,146787,146789,146798,146801,146821,146824,146830,146835,146837,146880,146882,146890,146893,146934,146936,146945,146951,146957,146984,146986,146994,146999,147003,147015,147058,147060,147068,147073,147079,147084,147088,147090,147133,147136,147183,147185,147194,147201,147205,147208,147254,147259,147263,147265,147308,147311,147319,147321,147326,147328,147330,147349,147352,147364,147366,147385,147387,147395,147399,147401,147452,147455,147530,147532,147540,147543,147547,147549,147596,147599,147670,147672,147680,147686,147688,147763,147767,147846,147848,147856,147862,147868,147873,147878,147927,147931,148002,148005,148010,148021,148024,148035,148045,148047,148052,148077,148082,148163,148165,148190,148192,148197,148200,148206,148215,148221,148224,148230,148236,148243,148246,148248,148284],[10,146463,13,146465,18],{"id":146464},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,146466,146467],{},"sum()",[20,146469,9809,146470,146472,146473,25452],{},[15,146471,146467],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,146474,60475],{},[20,146476,146477,146478,146480],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,146479,36762],{}," value and a few important limits.",[55,146482,58],{"id":57},[60,146484,146486],{"className":62,"code":146485,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,146487,146488,146512,146527],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146489,146490,146492,146494,146496,146498,146500,146502,146504,146506,146508,146510],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146491,76],{"class":75},[69,146493,80],{"class":79},[69,146495,84],{"class":83},[69,146497,88],{"class":87},[69,146499,91],{"class":83},[69,146501,94],{"class":87},[69,146503,91],{"class":83},[69,146505,99],{"class":87},[69,146507,91],{"class":83},[69,146509,104],{"class":87},[69,146511,117],{"class":83},[69,146513,146514,146516,146518,146521,146523,146525],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,146515,41652],{"class":75},[69,146517,80],{"class":79},[69,146519,146520],{"class":128}," sum",[69,146522,132],{"class":83},[69,146524,4366],{"class":146},[69,146526,166],{"class":83},[69,146528,146529,146531,146533,146535,146537],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,146530,172],{"class":128},[69,146532,132],{"class":83},[69,146534,41681],{"class":146},[69,146536,938],{"class":83},[69,146538,27483],{"class":189},[20,146540,1378,146541,146543],{},[15,146542,146467],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[55,146545,202,146547,205],{"id":146546},"what-sum-does",[15,146548,146467],{},[20,146550,146551,146553],{},[15,146552,146467],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,146555,146556],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[29,146558,146559,146562,146565,146570],{},[32,146560,146561],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[32,146563,146564],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[32,146566,146567,146568],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146569,36888],{},[32,146571,146572,146573,146575],{},"Counting ",[15,146574,224],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146577,146578],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[55,146580,2888],{"id":2887},[60,146582,146584],{"className":62,"code":146583,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146585,146586],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146587,146588,146591,146593,146595,146597,146599,146601,146603],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146589,146590],{"class":128},"sum",[69,146592,132],{"class":83},[69,146594,399],{"class":146},[69,146596,91],{"class":83},[69,146598,36741],{"class":9862},[69,146600,80],{"class":79},[69,146602,1226],{"class":87},[69,146604,166],{"class":83},[29,146606,146607,146612,146617],{},[32,146608,146609,146611],{},[15,146610,399],{}," is the group of values to add",[32,146613,146614,146616],{},[15,146615,36762],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[32,146618,146619,146620],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146621,146622],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146624,146625,146626,146629,146630,537],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146627,146628,399],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[533,146631,146632,679],{"href":36885},[15,146633,36888],{},[55,146635,12165],{"id":12164},[20,146637,146638],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[60,146640,146642],{"className":62,"code":146641,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146643,146644,146664,146678,146682],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146645,146646,146648,146650,146652,146654,146656,146658,146660,146662],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146647,76],{"class":75},[69,146649,80],{"class":79},[69,146651,84],{"class":83},[69,146653,2866],{"class":87},[69,146655,91],{"class":83},[69,146657,6701],{"class":87},[69,146659,91],{"class":83},[69,146661,449],{"class":87},[69,146663,117],{"class":83},[69,146665,146666,146668,146670,146672,146674,146676],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,146667,41652],{"class":75},[69,146669,80],{"class":79},[69,146671,146520],{"class":128},[69,146673,132],{"class":83},[69,146675,4366],{"class":146},[69,146677,166],{"class":83},[69,146679,146680],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,146681,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,146683,146684,146686,146688,146690],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,146685,172],{"class":128},[69,146687,132],{"class":83},[69,146689,41681],{"class":146},[69,146691,166],{"class":83},[20,146693,321],{},[60,146695,146696],{"className":62,"code":70318,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,146697,146698],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146699,146700],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146701,70318],{"class":87},[20,146703,12374],{},[29,146705,146706,146711,146717],{},[32,146707,146708,146710],{},[15,146709,4366],{}," contains three integers",[32,146712,146713,146716],{},[15,146714,146715],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[32,146718,146719,146720],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146721,41681],{},[55,146723,37303,146725,9119],{"id":146724},"using-the-start-value",[15,146726,36762],{},[20,146728,146729],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[60,146731,146733],{"className":62,"code":146732,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146734,146735,146755,146773,146777],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146736,146737,146739,146741,146743,146745,146747,146749,146751,146753],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146738,76],{"class":75},[69,146740,80],{"class":79},[69,146742,84],{"class":83},[69,146744,88],{"class":87},[69,146746,91],{"class":83},[69,146748,94],{"class":87},[69,146750,91],{"class":83},[69,146752,99],{"class":87},[69,146754,117],{"class":83},[69,146756,146757,146759,146761,146763,146765,146767,146769,146771],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,146758,41652],{"class":75},[69,146760,80],{"class":79},[69,146762,146520],{"class":128},[69,146764,132],{"class":83},[69,146766,4366],{"class":146},[69,146768,91],{"class":83},[69,146770,6701],{"class":87},[69,146772,166],{"class":83},[69,146774,146775],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,146776,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,146778,146779,146781,146783,146785],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,146780,172],{"class":128},[69,146782,132],{"class":83},[69,146784,41681],{"class":146},[69,146786,166],{"class":83},[20,146788,321],{},[60,146790,146792],{"className":62,"code":146791,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"16\n",[15,146793,146794],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146795,146796],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146797,146791],{"class":87},[20,146799,146800],{},"This works like:",[29,146802,146803,146808,146813,146817],{},[32,146804,146805,146806],{},"Start at ",[15,146807,444],{},[32,146809,146810,146811],{},"Add ",[15,146812,88],{},[32,146814,146810,146815],{},[15,146816,1155],{},[32,146818,146810,146819],{},[15,146820,346],{},[20,146822,146823],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[55,146825,202,146827,146829],{"id":146826},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146828,146467],{}," can work with",[20,146831,146832,146834],{},[15,146833,146467],{}," works with numeric values.",[377,146836,40894],{"id":40893},[60,146838,146840],{"className":62,"code":146839,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146841,146842,146866],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146843,146844,146846,146848,146850,146852,146854,146856,146858,146860,146862,146864],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146845,4536],{"class":75},[69,146847,80],{"class":79},[69,146849,84],{"class":83},[69,146851,88],{"class":87},[69,146853,91],{"class":83},[69,146855,94],{"class":87},[69,146857,91],{"class":83},[69,146859,99],{"class":87},[69,146861,91],{"class":83},[69,146863,104],{"class":87},[69,146865,117],{"class":83},[69,146867,146868,146870,146872,146874,146876,146878],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,146869,172],{"class":128},[69,146871,132],{"class":83},[69,146873,146590],{"class":128},[69,146875,132],{"class":83},[69,146877,6059],{"class":146},[69,146879,318],{"class":83},[20,146881,321],{},[60,146883,146884],{"className":62,"code":3103,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,146885,146886],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146887,146888],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146889,3103],{"class":87},[377,146891,146892],{"id":52520},"Floats",[60,146894,146896],{"className":62,"code":146895,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146897,146898,146920],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146899,146900,146902,146904,146906,146908,146910,146913,146915,146918],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146901,83526],{"class":75},[69,146903,80],{"class":79},[69,146905,84],{"class":83},[69,146907,41628],{"class":87},[69,146909,91],{"class":83},[69,146911,146912],{"class":87}," 3.75",[69,146914,91],{"class":83},[69,146916,146917],{"class":87}," 1.25",[69,146919,117],{"class":83},[69,146921,146922,146924,146926,146928,146930,146932],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,146923,172],{"class":128},[69,146925,132],{"class":83},[69,146927,146590],{"class":128},[69,146929,132],{"class":83},[69,146931,83562],{"class":146},[69,146933,318],{"class":83},[20,146935,321],{},[60,146937,146939],{"className":62,"code":146938,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"7.5\n",[15,146940,146941],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146942,146943],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146944,146938],{"class":87},[20,146946,146947,146948,537],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[533,146949,146950],{"href":3145},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[377,146952,146954,146955],{"id":146953},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146956,36888],{},[60,146958,146960],{"className":62,"code":146959,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146961,146962],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146963,146964,146966,146968,146970,146972,146974,146976,146978,146980,146982],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146965,172],{"class":128},[69,146967,132],{"class":83},[69,146969,146590],{"class":128},[69,146971,132],{"class":83},[69,146973,60475],{"class":128},[69,146975,132],{"class":83},[69,146977,88],{"class":87},[69,146979,91],{"class":83},[69,146981,114],{"class":87},[69,146983,2019],{"class":83},[20,146985,321],{},[60,146987,146988],{"className":62,"code":47513,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,146989,146990],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,146991,146992],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,146993,47513],{"class":87},[20,146995,114037,146996,537],{},[15,146997,146998],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[377,147000,147002],{"id":147001},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,147004,147005,147006,147008,147009,5096,147011,147008,147013,537],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,147007,224],{}," acts like ",[15,147010,88],{},[15,147012,230],{},[15,147014,1226],{},[60,147016,147018],{"className":62,"code":147017,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,147019,147020,147044],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147021,147022,147024,147026,147028,147030,147032,147034,147036,147038,147040,147042],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147023,52440],{"class":75},[69,147025,80],{"class":79},[69,147027,84],{"class":83},[69,147029,224],{"class":1203},[69,147031,91],{"class":83},[69,147033,1292],{"class":1203},[69,147035,91],{"class":83},[69,147037,1287],{"class":1203},[69,147039,91],{"class":83},[69,147041,1287],{"class":1203},[69,147043,117],{"class":83},[69,147045,147046,147048,147050,147052,147054,147056],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,147047,172],{"class":128},[69,147049,132],{"class":83},[69,147051,146590],{"class":128},[69,147053,132],{"class":83},[69,147055,52493],{"class":146},[69,147057,318],{"class":83},[20,147059,321],{},[60,147061,147062],{"className":62,"code":47089,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,147063,147064],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147065,147066],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147067,47089],{"class":87},[20,147069,147070,147071,537],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,147072,224],{},[55,147074,202,147076,147078],{"id":147075},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,147077,146467],{}," does not work with",[20,147080,147081,147083],{},[15,147082,146467],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[377,147085,147087],{"id":147086},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,147089,3562],{},[60,147091,147093],{"className":62,"code":147092,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,147094,147095,147119],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147096,147097,147099,147101,147103,147105,147107,147109,147111,147113,147115,147117],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147098,864],{"class":75},[69,147100,80],{"class":79},[69,147102,84],{"class":83},[69,147104,871],{"class":699},[69,147106,1275],{"class":703},[69,147108,871],{"class":699},[69,147110,91],{"class":83},[69,147112,881],{"class":699},[69,147114,61068],{"class":703},[69,147116,871],{"class":699},[69,147118,117],{"class":83},[69,147120,147121,147123,147125,147127,147129,147131],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,147122,172],{"class":128},[69,147124,132],{"class":83},[69,147126,146590],{"class":128},[69,147128,132],{"class":83},[69,147130,4817],{"class":146},[69,147132,318],{"class":83},[20,147134,147135],{},"Use string joining instead:",[60,147137,147139],{"className":62,"code":147138,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,147140,147141,147165],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147142,147143,147145,147147,147149,147151,147153,147155,147157,147159,147161,147163],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147144,864],{"class":75},[69,147146,80],{"class":79},[69,147148,84],{"class":83},[69,147150,871],{"class":699},[69,147152,1275],{"class":703},[69,147154,871],{"class":699},[69,147156,91],{"class":83},[69,147158,881],{"class":699},[69,147160,61068],{"class":703},[69,147162,871],{"class":699},[69,147164,117],{"class":83},[69,147166,147167,147169,147171,147173,147175,147177,147179,147181],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,147168,172],{"class":128},[69,147170,132],{"class":83},[69,147172,6967],{"class":699},[69,147174,537],{"class":83},[69,147176,133992],{"class":146},[69,147178,132],{"class":83},[69,147180,4817],{"class":146},[69,147182,318],{"class":83},[20,147184,321],{},[60,147186,147188],{"className":62,"code":147187,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"helloworld\n",[15,147189,147190],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147191,147192],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147193,147187],{"class":75},[20,147195,147196,147197,537],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[533,147198,147199,6481],{"href":42645},[15,147200,48156],{},[377,147202,147204],{"id":147203},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,147206,147207],{},"This also causes an error:",[60,147209,147211],{"className":62,"code":147210,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,147212,147213,147240],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147214,147215,147218,147220,147222,147224,147226,147228,147230,147232,147234,147236,147238],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147216,147217],{"class":75},"lists ",[69,147219,80],{"class":79},[69,147221,56769],{"class":83},[69,147223,88],{"class":87},[69,147225,91],{"class":83},[69,147227,94],{"class":87},[69,147229,18752],{"class":83},[69,147231,84],{"class":83},[69,147233,346],{"class":87},[69,147235,91],{"class":83},[69,147237,104],{"class":87},[69,147239,53717],{"class":83},[69,147241,147242,147244,147246,147248,147250,147252],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,147243,172],{"class":128},[69,147245,132],{"class":83},[69,147247,146590],{"class":128},[69,147249,132],{"class":83},[69,147251,6000],{"class":146},[69,147253,318],{"class":83},[20,147255,147256,147258],{},[15,147257,146467],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[377,147260,147262],{"id":147261},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,147264,6172],{},[60,147266,147268],{"className":62,"code":147267,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147269,147270,147294],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147271,147272,147274,147276,147278,147280,147282,147284,147286,147288,147290,147292],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147273,4536],{"class":75},[69,147275,80],{"class":79},[69,147277,84],{"class":83},[69,147279,88],{"class":87},[69,147281,91],{"class":83},[69,147283,94],{"class":87},[69,147285,91],{"class":83},[69,147287,881],{"class":699},[69,147289,346],{"class":703},[69,147291,871],{"class":699},[69,147293,117],{"class":83},[69,147295,147296,147298,147300,147302,147304,147306],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,147297,172],{"class":128},[69,147299,132],{"class":83},[69,147301,146590],{"class":128},[69,147303,132],{"class":83},[69,147305,6059],{"class":146},[69,147307,318],{"class":83},[20,147309,147310],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,147312,147313,147314,147316,147317,537],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,147315,66423],{},", convert them first. See ",[533,147318,3687],{"href":3686},[55,147320,41974],{"id":41973},[20,147322,147323,147324,537],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,147325,146467],{},[377,147327,7213],{"id":7212},[20,147329,5229],{},[60,147331,147333],{"className":62,"code":147332,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,147334,147335],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147336,147337,147339,147341,147343,147345,147347],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147338,172],{"class":128},[69,147340,132],{"class":83},[69,147342,146590],{"class":128},[69,147344,132],{"class":83},[69,147346,2866],{"class":87},[69,147348,318],{"class":83},[20,147350,147351],{},"Why it fails:",[29,147353,147354,147359],{},[32,147355,147356,147358],{},[15,147357,2866],{}," is a single integer",[32,147360,147361,147363],{},[15,147362,146467],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,147365,7242],{},[60,147367,147369],{"className":62,"code":147368,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,147370,147371],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147372,147373,147375,147377,147379,147381,147383],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147374,172],{"class":128},[69,147376,132],{"class":83},[69,147378,146590],{"class":128},[69,147380,3710],{"class":83},[69,147382,2866],{"class":87},[69,147384,2201],{"class":83},[20,147386,321],{},[60,147388,147389],{"className":62,"code":3671,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,147390,147391],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147392,147393],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147394,3671],{"class":87},[377,147396,147398],{"id":147397},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,147400,5229],{},[60,147402,147404],{"className":62,"code":147403,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147405,147406,147438],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147407,147408,147410,147412,147414,147416,147418,147420,147422,147424,147426,147428,147430,147432,147434,147436],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147409,4536],{"class":75},[69,147411,80],{"class":79},[69,147413,84],{"class":83},[69,147415,871],{"class":699},[69,147417,88],{"class":703},[69,147419,871],{"class":699},[69,147421,91],{"class":83},[69,147423,881],{"class":699},[69,147425,1155],{"class":703},[69,147427,871],{"class":699},[69,147429,91],{"class":83},[69,147431,881],{"class":699},[69,147433,346],{"class":703},[69,147435,871],{"class":699},[69,147437,117],{"class":83},[69,147439,147440,147442,147444,147446,147448,147450],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,147441,172],{"class":128},[69,147443,132],{"class":83},[69,147445,146590],{"class":128},[69,147447,132],{"class":83},[69,147449,6059],{"class":146},[69,147451,318],{"class":83},[20,147453,147454],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[60,147456,147458],{"className":62,"code":147457,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147459,147460,147492,147520],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147461,147462,147464,147466,147468,147470,147472,147474,147476,147478,147480,147482,147484,147486,147488,147490],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147463,4536],{"class":75},[69,147465,80],{"class":79},[69,147467,84],{"class":83},[69,147469,871],{"class":699},[69,147471,88],{"class":703},[69,147473,871],{"class":699},[69,147475,91],{"class":83},[69,147477,881],{"class":699},[69,147479,1155],{"class":703},[69,147481,871],{"class":699},[69,147483,91],{"class":83},[69,147485,881],{"class":699},[69,147487,346],{"class":703},[69,147489,871],{"class":699},[69,147491,117],{"class":83},[69,147493,147494,147496,147498,147500,147502,147504,147506,147508,147510,147512,147514,147516,147518],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,147495,41652],{"class":75},[69,147497,80],{"class":79},[69,147499,146520],{"class":128},[69,147501,132],{"class":83},[69,147503,2919],{"class":177},[69,147505,132],{"class":83},[69,147507,2904],{"class":146},[69,147509,938],{"class":83},[69,147511,4587],{"class":1053},[69,147513,147],{"class":146},[69,147515,1574],{"class":1053},[69,147517,4594],{"class":146},[69,147519,166],{"class":83},[69,147521,147522,147524,147526,147528],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,147523,172],{"class":128},[69,147525,132],{"class":83},[69,147527,41681],{"class":146},[69,147529,166],{"class":83},[20,147531,321],{},[60,147533,147534],{"className":62,"code":3381,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,147535,147536],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147537,147538],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147539,3381],{"class":87},[20,147541,147542],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[377,147544,147546],{"id":147545},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,147548,5229],{},[60,147550,147552],{"className":62,"code":147551,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147553,147554,147582],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147555,147556,147558,147560,147562,147564,147566,147568,147570,147572,147574,147576,147578,147580],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147557,4536],{"class":75},[69,147559,80],{"class":79},[69,147561,84],{"class":83},[69,147563,88],{"class":87},[69,147565,91],{"class":83},[69,147567,94],{"class":87},[69,147569,91],{"class":83},[69,147571,881],{"class":699},[69,147573,346],{"class":703},[69,147575,871],{"class":699},[69,147577,91],{"class":83},[69,147579,104],{"class":87},[69,147581,117],{"class":83},[69,147583,147584,147586,147588,147590,147592,147594],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,147585,172],{"class":128},[69,147587,132],{"class":83},[69,147589,146590],{"class":128},[69,147591,132],{"class":83},[69,147593,6059],{"class":146},[69,147595,318],{"class":83},[20,147597,147598],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[60,147600,147602],{"className":62,"code":147601,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147603,147604,147632,147660],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147605,147606,147608,147610,147612,147614,147616,147618,147620,147622,147624,147626,147628,147630],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147607,4536],{"class":75},[69,147609,80],{"class":79},[69,147611,84],{"class":83},[69,147613,88],{"class":87},[69,147615,91],{"class":83},[69,147617,94],{"class":87},[69,147619,91],{"class":83},[69,147621,881],{"class":699},[69,147623,346],{"class":703},[69,147625,871],{"class":699},[69,147627,91],{"class":83},[69,147629,104],{"class":87},[69,147631,117],{"class":83},[69,147633,147634,147636,147638,147640,147642,147644,147646,147648,147650,147652,147654,147656,147658],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,147635,41652],{"class":75},[69,147637,80],{"class":79},[69,147639,146520],{"class":128},[69,147641,132],{"class":83},[69,147643,2919],{"class":177},[69,147645,132],{"class":83},[69,147647,2904],{"class":146},[69,147649,938],{"class":83},[69,147651,4587],{"class":1053},[69,147653,147],{"class":146},[69,147655,1574],{"class":1053},[69,147657,4594],{"class":146},[69,147659,166],{"class":83},[69,147661,147662,147664,147666,147668],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,147663,172],{"class":128},[69,147665,132],{"class":83},[69,147667,41681],{"class":146},[69,147669,166],{"class":83},[20,147671,321],{},[60,147673,147674],{"className":62,"code":3103,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,147675,147676],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147677,147678],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147679,3103],{"class":87},[377,147681,840,147683,147685],{"id":147682},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147684,146467],{}," to join text",[20,147687,5229],{},[60,147689,147691],{"className":62,"code":147690,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147692,147693,147749],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147694,147695,147697,147699,147701,147703,147705,147707,147709,147711,147713,147715,147717,147719,147721,147723,147725,147727,147729,147731,147733,147735,147737,147739,147741,147743,147745,147747],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147696,36780],{"class":75},[69,147698,80],{"class":79},[69,147700,84],{"class":83},[69,147702,871],{"class":699},[69,147704,134591],{"class":703},[69,147706,871],{"class":699},[69,147708,91],{"class":83},[69,147710,881],{"class":699},[69,147712,12436],{"class":703},[69,147714,871],{"class":699},[69,147716,91],{"class":83},[69,147718,881],{"class":699},[69,147720,63764],{"class":703},[69,147722,871],{"class":699},[69,147724,91],{"class":83},[69,147726,881],{"class":699},[69,147728,60915],{"class":703},[69,147730,871],{"class":699},[69,147732,91],{"class":83},[69,147734,881],{"class":699},[69,147736,60950],{"class":703},[69,147738,871],{"class":699},[69,147740,91],{"class":83},[69,147742,881],{"class":699},[69,147744,76508],{"class":703},[69,147746,871],{"class":699},[69,147748,117],{"class":83},[69,147750,147751,147753,147755,147757,147759,147761],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,147752,172],{"class":128},[69,147754,132],{"class":83},[69,147756,146590],{"class":128},[69,147758,132],{"class":83},[69,147760,36833],{"class":146},[69,147762,318],{"class":83},[20,147764,1378,147765,61009],{},[15,147766,133915],{},[60,147768,147770],{"className":62,"code":147769,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147771,147772,147828],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147773,147774,147776,147778,147780,147782,147784,147786,147788,147790,147792,147794,147796,147798,147800,147802,147804,147806,147808,147810,147812,147814,147816,147818,147820,147822,147824,147826],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147775,36780],{"class":75},[69,147777,80],{"class":79},[69,147779,84],{"class":83},[69,147781,871],{"class":699},[69,147783,134591],{"class":703},[69,147785,871],{"class":699},[69,147787,91],{"class":83},[69,147789,881],{"class":699},[69,147791,12436],{"class":703},[69,147793,871],{"class":699},[69,147795,91],{"class":83},[69,147797,881],{"class":699},[69,147799,63764],{"class":703},[69,147801,871],{"class":699},[69,147803,91],{"class":83},[69,147805,881],{"class":699},[69,147807,60915],{"class":703},[69,147809,871],{"class":699},[69,147811,91],{"class":83},[69,147813,881],{"class":699},[69,147815,60950],{"class":703},[69,147817,871],{"class":699},[69,147819,91],{"class":83},[69,147821,881],{"class":699},[69,147823,76508],{"class":703},[69,147825,871],{"class":699},[69,147827,117],{"class":83},[69,147829,147830,147832,147834,147836,147838,147840,147842,147844],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,147831,172],{"class":128},[69,147833,132],{"class":83},[69,147835,6967],{"class":699},[69,147837,537],{"class":83},[69,147839,133992],{"class":146},[69,147841,132],{"class":83},[69,147843,36833],{"class":146},[69,147845,318],{"class":83},[20,147847,321],{},[60,147849,147850],{"className":62,"code":134672,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,147851,147852],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147853,147854],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147855,134672],{"class":75},[20,147857,147858,147859,537],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[533,147860,147861],{"href":135753},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[55,147863,147865,147867],{"id":147864},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147866,146467],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147869,147870,147872],{},[15,147871,146467],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[377,147874,840,147876],{"id":147875},"using-sum",[15,147877,146467],{},[60,147879,147881],{"className":62,"code":147880,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147882,147883,147903,147917],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147884,147885,147887,147889,147891,147893,147895,147897,147899,147901],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147886,76],{"class":75},[69,147888,80],{"class":79},[69,147890,84],{"class":83},[69,147892,334],{"class":87},[69,147894,91],{"class":83},[69,147896,6690],{"class":87},[69,147898,91],{"class":83},[69,147900,54611],{"class":87},[69,147902,117],{"class":83},[69,147904,147905,147907,147909,147911,147913,147915],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,147906,41652],{"class":75},[69,147908,80],{"class":79},[69,147910,146520],{"class":128},[69,147912,132],{"class":83},[69,147914,4366],{"class":146},[69,147916,166],{"class":83},[69,147918,147919,147921,147923,147925],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,147920,172],{"class":128},[69,147922,132],{"class":83},[69,147924,41681],{"class":146},[69,147926,166],{"class":83},[377,147928,147930],{"id":147929},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[60,147932,147934],{"className":62,"code":147933,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147935,147936,147956,147964,147968,147980,147988,147992],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,147937,147938,147940,147942,147944,147946,147948,147950,147952,147954],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,147939,76],{"class":75},[69,147941,80],{"class":79},[69,147943,84],{"class":83},[69,147945,334],{"class":87},[69,147947,91],{"class":83},[69,147949,6690],{"class":87},[69,147951,91],{"class":83},[69,147953,54611],{"class":87},[69,147955,117],{"class":83},[69,147957,147958,147960,147962],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,147959,41652],{"class":75},[69,147961,80],{"class":79},[69,147963,1066],{"class":87},[69,147965,147966],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,147967,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,147969,147970,147972,147974,147976,147978],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,147971,1514],{"class":1053},[69,147973,1057],{"class":75},[69,147975,1574],{"class":1053},[69,147977,163],{"class":75},[69,147979,1579],{"class":83},[69,147981,147982,147984,147986],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,147983,90585],{"class":75},[69,147985,90588],{"class":79},[69,147987,90591],{"class":75},[69,147989,147990],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,147991,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,147993,147994,147996,147998,148000],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,147995,172],{"class":128},[69,147997,132],{"class":83},[69,147999,41681],{"class":146},[69,148001,166],{"class":83},[20,148003,148004],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,148006,3214,148007,148009],{},[15,148008,146467],{}," is often better:",[29,148011,148012,148015,148018],{},[32,148013,148014],{},"Shorter code",[32,148016,148017],{},"Easier to read",[32,148019,148020],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,148022,148023],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[29,148025,148026,148029,148032],{},[32,148027,148028],{},"You need to skip some values",[32,148030,148031],{},"You need extra checks",[32,148033,148034],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,148036,148037,148038,148041,148042,148044],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[533,148039,148040],{"href":2615},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,148043,146467],{}," on the filtered result.",[55,148046,1771],{"id":1770},[20,148048,148049,148050,143],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,148051,146467],{},[29,148053,148054,148060,148067,148074],{},[32,148055,148056,148057],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,148058,148059],{},"sum(5)",[32,148061,148062,148063,148066],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,148064,148065],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[32,148068,840,148069,148071,148072],{},[15,148070,146467],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,148073,133915],{},[32,148075,148076],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,148078,9561,148079,148081],{},[15,148080,146467],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[60,148083,148085],{"className":62,"code":148084,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,148086,148087,148097,148111,148135],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,148088,148089,148091,148093,148095],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,148090,172],{"class":128},[69,148092,132],{"class":83},[69,148094,6059],{"class":146},[69,148096,166],{"class":83},[69,148098,148099,148101,148103,148105,148107,148109],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,148100,172],{"class":128},[69,148102,132],{"class":83},[69,148104,641],{"class":177},[69,148106,132],{"class":83},[69,148108,6059],{"class":146},[69,148110,318],{"class":83},[69,148112,148113,148115,148117,148119,148121,148123,148125,148127,148129,148131,148133],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,148114,172],{"class":128},[69,148116,3710],{"class":83},[69,148118,641],{"class":177},[69,148120,132],{"class":83},[69,148122,2904],{"class":146},[69,148124,938],{"class":83},[69,148126,4587],{"class":1053},[69,148128,147],{"class":146},[69,148130,1574],{"class":1053},[69,148132,4594],{"class":146},[69,148134,618],{"class":83},[69,148136,148137,148139,148141,148143,148145,148147,148149,148151,148153,148155,148157,148159,148161],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,148138,172],{"class":128},[69,148140,132],{"class":83},[69,148142,146590],{"class":128},[69,148144,3710],{"class":83},[69,148146,2919],{"class":177},[69,148148,132],{"class":83},[69,148150,2904],{"class":146},[69,148152,938],{"class":83},[69,148154,4587],{"class":1053},[69,148156,147],{"class":146},[69,148158,1574],{"class":1053},[69,148160,4594],{"class":146},[69,148162,2201],{"class":83},[20,148164,136486],{},[29,148166,148167,148173,148179,148184],{},[32,148168,148169,148172],{},[15,148170,148171],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[32,148174,148175,148178],{},[15,148176,148177],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[32,148180,148181,136508],{},[15,148182,148183],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[32,148185,148186,148189],{},[15,148187,148188],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[55,148191,2519],{"id":2518},[377,148193,2561,148195,5846],{"id":148194},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,148196,146467],{},[20,148198,148199],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[377,148201,5871,148203,148205],{"id":148202},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,148204,146467],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,148207,30959,148208,394,148211,148214],{},[15,148209,148210],{},"''.join(...)",[15,148212,148213],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[377,148216,5871,148218,148220],{"id":148217},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,148219,146467],{}," work with floats?",[20,148222,148223],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[377,148225,148227,148228,3218],{"id":148226},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,148229,146467],{},[20,148231,148232,148233,148235],{},"It is the optional ",[15,148234,36762],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[377,148237,5859,148239,119871,148241,3218],{"id":148238},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,148240,146467],{},[15,148242,3728],{},[20,148244,148245],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[55,148247,2620],{"id":2619},[29,148249,148250,148254,148260,148266,148272,148276,148280],{},[32,148251,148252],{},[533,148253,146950],{"href":3145},[32,148255,148256],{},[533,148257,13,148258,2515],{"href":36885},[15,148259,36888],{},[32,148261,148262],{},[533,148263,13,148264,2515],{"href":42828},[15,148265,42831],{},[32,148267,148268],{},[533,148269,13,148270,2515],{"href":42645},[15,148271,48156],{},[32,148273,148274],{},[533,148275,2632],{"href":2615},[32,148277,148278],{},[533,148279,4246],{"href":3686},[32,148281,148282],{},[533,148283,147861],{"href":135753},[2650,148285,148286],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":148288},[148289,148290,148292,148293,148294,148296,148304,148310,148317,148323,148324,148336],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":146546,"depth":120,"text":148291},"What sum() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":12164,"depth":120,"text":12165},{"id":146724,"depth":120,"text":148295},"Using the start value",{"id":146826,"depth":120,"text":148297,"children":148298},"What sum() can work with",[148299,148300,148301,148303],{"id":40893,"depth":169,"text":40894},{"id":52520,"depth":169,"text":146892},{"id":146953,"depth":169,"text":148302},"Values from range()",{"id":147001,"depth":169,"text":147002},{"id":147075,"depth":120,"text":148305,"children":148306},"What sum() does not work with",[148307,148308,148309],{"id":147086,"depth":169,"text":147087},{"id":147203,"depth":169,"text":147204},{"id":147261,"depth":169,"text":147262},{"id":41973,"depth":120,"text":41974,"children":148311},[148312,148313,148314,148315],{"id":7212,"depth":169,"text":7213},{"id":147397,"depth":169,"text":147398},{"id":147545,"depth":169,"text":147546},{"id":147682,"depth":169,"text":148316},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147864,"depth":120,"text":148318,"children":148319},"sum() vs manual loop",[148320,148322],{"id":147875,"depth":169,"text":148321},"Using sum()",{"id":147929,"depth":169,"text":147930},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":148325},[148326,148328,148330,148332,148334],{"id":148194,"depth":169,"text":148327},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":148202,"depth":169,"text":148329},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":148217,"depth":169,"text":148331},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":148226,"depth":169,"text":148333},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":148238,"depth":169,"text":148335},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":146459,"description":148337},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":148344,"title":148345,"body":148346,"description":149748,"extension":2697,"meta":149749,"navigation":272,"path":149750,"seo":149751,"stem":149752,"__hash__":149753},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":148347,"toc":149716},[148348,148354,148360,148363,148426,148432,148437,148441,148458,148472,148476,148496,148510,148512,148605,148607,148621,148623,148626,148715,148717,148725,148734,148736,148740,148761,148763,148855,148857,148878,148880,148884,148898,148900,148974,148976,148995,148999,149002,149025,149027,149138,149145,149153,149155,149161,149164,149207,149210,149233,149241,149245,149320,149326,149351,149358,149361,149364,149368,149373,149461,149469,149473,149476,149501,149505,149566,149570,149619,149629,149631,149636,149639,149645,149648,149652,149656,149662,149665,149673,149681,149683,149713],[10,148349,148351,148352,12011],{"id":148350},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,148353,57766],{},[20,148355,148356,148359],{},[15,148357,148358],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,148361,148362],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[60,148364,148366],{"className":62,"code":148365,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,148367,148368,148396,148414],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,148369,148370,148372,148374,148376,148378,148380,148382,148384,148386,148388,148390,148392,148394],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,148371,76],{"class":75},[69,148373,80],{"class":79},[69,148375,441],{"class":83},[69,148377,88],{"class":87},[69,148379,91],{"class":83},[69,148381,94],{"class":87},[69,148383,91],{"class":83},[69,148385,94],{"class":87},[69,148387,91],{"class":83},[69,148389,99],{"class":87},[69,148391,91],{"class":83},[69,148393,94],{"class":87},[69,148395,166],{"class":83},[69,148397,148398,148400,148402,148404,148406,148408,148410,148412],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,148399,123],{"class":75},[69,148401,80],{"class":79},[69,148403,163],{"class":75},[69,148405,537],{"class":83},[69,148407,41729],{"class":146},[69,148409,132],{"class":83},[69,148411,1155],{"class":87},[69,148413,166],{"class":83},[69,148415,148416,148418,148420,148422,148424],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,148417,172],{"class":128},[69,148419,132],{"class":83},[69,148421,183],{"class":146},[69,148423,938],{"class":83},[69,148425,51244],{"class":189},[20,148427,1378,148428,148431],{},[15,148429,148430],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[55,148433,202,148435,205],{"id":148434},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,148436,148358],{},[20,148438,148439,143],{},[15,148440,148430],{},[29,148442,148443,148449,148452,148455],{},[32,148444,148445,148446,148448],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,148447,3198],{}," appears in the tuple",[32,148450,148451],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[32,148453,148454],{},"Returns an integer",[32,148456,148457],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,148459,148460,148461,148463,148464,394,148468,537],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,148462,57766],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[533,148465,148467],{"href":148466},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[533,148469,148471],{"href":148470},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[55,148473,148475],{"id":148474},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[60,148477,148479],{"className":62,"code":148478,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,148480,148481],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,148482,148483,148486,148488,148490,148492,148494],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,148484,148485],{"class":75},"my_tuple",[69,148487,537],{"class":83},[69,148489,41729],{"class":146},[69,148491,132],{"class":83},[69,148493,3198],{"class":146},[69,148495,166],{"class":83},[29,148497,148498,148502,148505],{},[32,148499,148500,57931],{},[15,148501,3198],{},[32,148503,148504],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[32,148506,148507,148508],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,148509,1226],{},[377,148511,103586],{"id":103585},[60,148513,148515],{"className":62,"code":148514,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,148516,148517,148557,148581],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,148518,148519,148521,148523,148525,148527,148529,148531,148533,148535,148537,148539,148541,148543,148545,148547,148549,148551,148553,148555],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,148520,13768],{"class":75},[69,148522,80],{"class":79},[69,148524,441],{"class":83},[69,148526,871],{"class":699},[69,148528,13785],{"class":703},[69,148530,871],{"class":699},[69,148532,91],{"class":83},[69,148534,881],{"class":699},[69,148536,13802],{"class":703},[69,148538,871],{"class":699},[69,148540,91],{"class":83},[69,148542,881],{"class":699},[69,148544,13785],{"class":703},[69,148546,871],{"class":699},[69,148548,91],{"class":83},[69,148550,881],{"class":699},[69,148552,18145],{"class":703},[69,148554,871],{"class":699},[69,148556,166],{"class":83},[69,148558,148559,148561,148563,148565,148567,148569,148571,148573,148575,148577,148579],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,148560,172],{"class":128},[69,148562,132],{"class":83},[69,148564,18192],{"class":146},[69,148566,537],{"class":83},[69,148568,41729],{"class":146},[69,148570,132],{"class":83},[69,148572,871],{"class":699},[69,148574,13785],{"class":703},[69,148576,871],{"class":699},[69,148578,186],{"class":83},[69,148580,58121],{"class":189},[69,148582,148583,148585,148587,148589,148591,148593,148595,148597,148599,148601,148603],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,148584,172],{"class":128},[69,148586,132],{"class":83},[69,148588,18192],{"class":146},[69,148590,537],{"class":83},[69,148592,41729],{"class":146},[69,148594,132],{"class":83},[69,148596,871],{"class":699},[69,148598,23213],{"class":703},[69,148600,871],{"class":699},[69,148602,186],{"class":83},[69,148604,51721],{"class":189},[20,148606,20648],{},[29,148608,148609,148614],{},[32,148610,148611,148613],{},[15,148612,65870],{}," appears 2 times",[32,148615,148616,148618,148619],{},[15,148617,110282],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148620,1226],{},[55,148622,12165],{"id":12164},[20,148624,148625],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[60,148627,148629],{"className":62,"code":148628,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148630,148631,148679,148683,148705],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,148632,148633,148635,148637,148639,148641,148643,148645,148647,148649,148651,148653,148655,148657,148659,148661,148663,148665,148667,148669,148671,148673,148675,148677],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,148634,36929],{"class":75},[69,148636,80],{"class":79},[69,148638,441],{"class":83},[69,148640,871],{"class":699},[69,148642,874],{"class":703},[69,148644,871],{"class":699},[69,148646,91],{"class":83},[69,148648,881],{"class":699},[69,148650,893],{"class":703},[69,148652,871],{"class":699},[69,148654,91],{"class":83},[69,148656,881],{"class":699},[69,148658,874],{"class":703},[69,148660,871],{"class":699},[69,148662,91],{"class":83},[69,148664,881],{"class":699},[69,148666,33911],{"class":703},[69,148668,871],{"class":699},[69,148670,91],{"class":83},[69,148672,881],{"class":699},[69,148674,874],{"class":703},[69,148676,871],{"class":699},[69,148678,166],{"class":83},[69,148680,148681],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,148682,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,148684,148685,148687,148689,148691,148693,148695,148697,148699,148701,148703],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,148686,123],{"class":75},[69,148688,80],{"class":79},[69,148690,53326],{"class":75},[69,148692,537],{"class":83},[69,148694,41729],{"class":146},[69,148696,132],{"class":83},[69,148698,871],{"class":699},[69,148700,874],{"class":703},[69,148702,871],{"class":699},[69,148704,166],{"class":83},[69,148706,148707,148709,148711,148713],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,148708,172],{"class":128},[69,148710,132],{"class":83},[69,148712,183],{"class":146},[69,148714,166],{"class":83},[20,148716,321],{},[60,148718,148719],{"className":62,"code":47089,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,148720,148721],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,148722,148723],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,148724,47089],{"class":87},[20,148726,148727,148729,148730,1172,148732,537],{},[15,148728,58309],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148731,57766],{},[15,148733,346],{},[55,148735,541],{"id":540},[20,148737,58020,148738,129221],{},[15,148739,57766],{},[29,148741,148742,148747,148752,148755],{},[32,148743,12113,148744,148746],{},[15,148745,1226],{}," when the value does not exist",[32,148748,12113,148749,148751],{},[15,148750,88],{}," when the value appears once",[32,148753,148754],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[32,148756,148757,148758,148760],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148759,1712],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148762,234],{},[60,148764,148766],{"className":62,"code":148765,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148767,148768,148809,148813,148840],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,148769,148770,148773,148775,148777,148779,148781,148783,148785,148787,148789,148791,148793,148795,148797,148799,148801,148803,148805,148807],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,148771,148772],{"class":75},"answers ",[69,148774,80],{"class":79},[69,148776,441],{"class":83},[69,148778,871],{"class":699},[69,148780,9344],{"class":703},[69,148782,871],{"class":699},[69,148784,91],{"class":83},[69,148786,881],{"class":699},[69,148788,9283],{"class":703},[69,148790,871],{"class":699},[69,148792,91],{"class":83},[69,148794,881],{"class":699},[69,148796,9344],{"class":703},[69,148798,871],{"class":699},[69,148800,91],{"class":83},[69,148802,881],{"class":699},[69,148804,9344],{"class":703},[69,148806,871],{"class":699},[69,148808,166],{"class":83},[69,148810,148811],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,148812,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,148814,148815,148817,148820,148822,148824,148826,148828,148830,148832,148834,148836,148838],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,148816,1712],{"class":1053},[69,148818,148819],{"class":75}," answers",[69,148821,537],{"class":83},[69,148823,41729],{"class":146},[69,148825,132],{"class":83},[69,148827,871],{"class":699},[69,148829,9344],{"class":703},[69,148831,871],{"class":699},[69,148833,938],{"class":83},[69,148835,941],{"class":79},[69,148837,1263],{"class":87},[69,148839,1579],{"class":83},[69,148841,148842,148844,148846,148848,148851,148853],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,148843,8756],{"class":128},[69,148845,132],{"class":83},[69,148847,871],{"class":699},[69,148849,148850],{"class":703},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[69,148852,871],{"class":699},[69,148854,166],{"class":83},[20,148856,321],{},[60,148858,148860],{"className":62,"code":148859,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148861,148862],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,148863,148864,148867,148869,148871,148873,148876],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,148865,148866],{"class":75},"The answer ",[69,148868,706],{"class":699},[69,148870,9344],{"class":703},[69,148872,706],{"class":699},[69,148874,148875],{"class":75}," appears more than once",[69,148877,122865],{"class":83},[55,148879,41515],{"id":41514},[20,148881,36094,148882,105049],{},[15,148883,148358],{},[29,148885,148886,148889,148892,148895],{},[32,148887,148888],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[32,148890,148891],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[32,148893,148894],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[32,148896,148897],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148899,234],{},[60,148901,148903],{"className":62,"code":148902,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148904,148905,148933,148937,148959],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,148906,148907,148909,148911,148913,148915,148917,148919,148921,148923,148925,148927,148929,148931],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,148908,5768],{"class":75},[69,148910,80],{"class":79},[69,148912,441],{"class":83},[69,148914,444],{"class":87},[69,148916,91],{"class":83},[69,148918,454],{"class":87},[69,148920,91],{"class":83},[69,148922,6701],{"class":87},[69,148924,91],{"class":83},[69,148926,8482],{"class":87},[69,148928,91],{"class":83},[69,148930,6701],{"class":87},[69,148932,166],{"class":83},[69,148934,148935],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,148936,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,148938,148939,148941,148943,148945,148947,148949,148951,148953,148955,148957],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,148940,1712],{"class":1053},[69,148942,5814],{"class":75},[69,148944,537],{"class":83},[69,148946,41729],{"class":146},[69,148948,132],{"class":83},[69,148950,444],{"class":87},[69,148952,938],{"class":83},[69,148954,51762],{"class":79},[69,148956,94],{"class":87},[69,148958,1579],{"class":83},[69,148960,148961,148963,148965,148967,148970,148972],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,148962,8756],{"class":128},[69,148964,132],{"class":83},[69,148966,871],{"class":699},[69,148968,148969],{"class":703},"The score 10 is repeated.",[69,148971,871],{"class":699},[69,148973,166],{"class":83},[20,148975,321],{},[60,148977,148979],{"className":62,"code":148978,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148980,148981],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,148982,148983,148986,148988,148990,148993],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,148984,148985],{"class":75},"The score ",[69,148987,444],{"class":87},[69,148989,8783],{"class":79},[69,148991,148992],{"class":75}," repeated",[69,148994,122865],{"class":83},[55,148996,148998],{"id":148997},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,149000,149001],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[29,149003,149004,149010,149015,149018],{},[32,149005,149006,149007,149009],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,149008,57766],{}," still works because it only reads data",[32,149011,149012,149014],{},[15,149013,57766],{}," counts exact matches",[32,149016,149017],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[32,149019,149020,5096,149022,149024],{},[15,149021,88],{},[15,149023,42628],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,149026,234],{},[60,149028,149030],{"className":62,"code":149029,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,149031,149032,149066,149070,149090,149114],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149033,149034,149036,149038,149040,149042,149044,149047,149049,149051,149054,149056,149058,149060,149062,149064],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149035,4536],{"class":75},[69,149037,80],{"class":79},[69,149039,441],{"class":83},[69,149041,88],{"class":87},[69,149043,91],{"class":83},[69,149045,149046],{"class":87}," 1.0",[69,149048,91],{"class":83},[69,149050,881],{"class":699},[69,149052,149053],{"class":703},"Cat",[69,149055,871],{"class":699},[69,149057,91],{"class":83},[69,149059,881],{"class":699},[69,149061,37738],{"class":703},[69,149063,871],{"class":699},[69,149065,166],{"class":83},[69,149067,149068],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,149069,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,149071,149072,149074,149076,149078,149080,149082,149084,149086,149088],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,149073,172],{"class":128},[69,149075,132],{"class":83},[69,149077,6059],{"class":146},[69,149079,537],{"class":83},[69,149081,41729],{"class":146},[69,149083,132],{"class":83},[69,149085,88],{"class":87},[69,149087,186],{"class":83},[69,149089,51568],{"class":189},[69,149091,149092,149094,149096,149098,149100,149102,149104,149106,149108,149110,149112],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,149093,172],{"class":128},[69,149095,132],{"class":83},[69,149097,6059],{"class":146},[69,149099,537],{"class":83},[69,149101,41729],{"class":146},[69,149103,132],{"class":83},[69,149105,871],{"class":699},[69,149107,149053],{"class":703},[69,149109,871],{"class":699},[69,149111,186],{"class":83},[69,149113,28468],{"class":189},[69,149115,149116,149118,149120,149122,149124,149126,149128,149130,149132,149134,149136],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,149117,172],{"class":128},[69,149119,132],{"class":83},[69,149121,6059],{"class":146},[69,149123,537],{"class":83},[69,149125,41729],{"class":146},[69,149127,132],{"class":83},[69,149129,871],{"class":699},[69,149131,37738],{"class":703},[69,149133,871],{"class":699},[69,149135,186],{"class":83},[69,149137,28468],{"class":189},[20,149139,5859,149140,5862,149143,3218],{},[15,149141,149142],{},"values.count(1)",[15,149144,1155],{},[20,149146,9471,149147,5488,149150,149152],{},[15,149148,149149],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,149151,224],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[55,149154,1771],{"id":1770},[377,149156,840,149158,149160],{"id":149157},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,149159,41729],{}," without parentheses",[20,149162,149163],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[60,149165,149167],{"className":62,"code":149166,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,149168,149169,149193],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149170,149171,149173,149175,149177,149179,149181,149183,149185,149187,149189,149191],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149172,76],{"class":75},[69,149174,80],{"class":79},[69,149176,441],{"class":83},[69,149178,88],{"class":87},[69,149180,91],{"class":83},[69,149182,94],{"class":87},[69,149184,91],{"class":83},[69,149186,94],{"class":87},[69,149188,91],{"class":83},[69,149190,99],{"class":87},[69,149192,166],{"class":83},[69,149194,149195,149197,149199,149201,149203,149205],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,149196,172],{"class":128},[69,149198,132],{"class":83},[69,149200,4366],{"class":146},[69,149202,537],{"class":83},[69,149204,41729],{"class":25438},[69,149206,166],{"class":83},[20,149208,149209],{},"To call the method correctly:",[60,149211,149213],{"className":62,"code":149212,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,149214,149215],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149216,149217,149219,149221,149223,149225,149227,149229,149231],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149218,172],{"class":128},[69,149220,132],{"class":83},[69,149222,4366],{"class":146},[69,149224,537],{"class":83},[69,149226,41729],{"class":146},[69,149228,132],{"class":83},[69,149230,1155],{"class":87},[69,149232,318],{"class":83},[377,149234,1780,149235,9141,149237,394,149239],{"id":59069},[15,149236,57766],{},[15,149238,224],{},[15,149240,230],{},[20,149242,149243,59080],{},[15,149244,57766],{},[60,149246,149248],{"className":62,"code":149247,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,149249,149250,149282,149304,149308],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149251,149252,149254,149256,149258,149260,149262,149264,149266,149268,149270,149272,149274,149276,149278,149280],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149253,36780],{"class":75},[69,149255,80],{"class":79},[69,149257,441],{"class":83},[69,149259,871],{"class":699},[69,149261,533],{"class":703},[69,149263,871],{"class":699},[69,149265,91],{"class":83},[69,149267,881],{"class":699},[69,149269,5465],{"class":703},[69,149271,871],{"class":699},[69,149273,91],{"class":83},[69,149275,881],{"class":699},[69,149277,533],{"class":703},[69,149279,871],{"class":699},[69,149281,166],{"class":83},[69,149283,149284,149286,149288,149290,149292,149294,149296,149298,149300,149302],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,149285,123],{"class":75},[69,149287,80],{"class":79},[69,149289,70574],{"class":75},[69,149291,537],{"class":83},[69,149293,41729],{"class":146},[69,149295,132],{"class":83},[69,149297,871],{"class":699},[69,149299,533],{"class":703},[69,149301,871],{"class":699},[69,149303,166],{"class":83},[69,149305,149306],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,149307,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,149309,149310,149312,149314,149316,149318],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,149311,172],{"class":128},[69,149313,132],{"class":83},[69,149315,183],{"class":146},[69,149317,938],{"class":83},[69,149319,51889],{"class":189},[20,149321,149322,149323,149325],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,149324,1574],{}," is often simpler:",[60,149327,149329],{"className":62,"code":149328,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,149330,149331],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149332,149333,149335,149337,149339,149341,149343,149345,149347,149349],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149334,172],{"class":128},[69,149336,132],{"class":83},[69,149338,871],{"class":699},[69,149340,533],{"class":703},[69,149342,871],{"class":699},[69,149344,21864],{"class":1053},[69,149346,70574],{"class":146},[69,149348,938],{"class":83},[69,149350,4381],{"class":189},[377,149352,2309,149354,843,149356],{"id":149353},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,149355,148358],{},[15,149357,57771],{},[20,149359,149360],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,149362,149363],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[377,149365,149367],{"id":149366},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,149369,149370,149372],{},[15,149371,57766],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[60,149374,149376],{"className":62,"code":149375,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,149377,149378,149411,149437],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149379,149380,149382,149384,149386,149388,149390,149392,149394,149396,149399,149401,149403,149405,149407,149409],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149381,864],{"class":75},[69,149383,80],{"class":79},[69,149385,441],{"class":83},[69,149387,871],{"class":699},[69,149389,874],{"class":703},[69,149391,871],{"class":699},[69,149393,91],{"class":83},[69,149395,881],{"class":699},[69,149397,149398],{"class":703},"pineapple",[69,149400,871],{"class":699},[69,149402,91],{"class":83},[69,149404,881],{"class":699},[69,149406,874],{"class":703},[69,149408,871],{"class":699},[69,149410,166],{"class":83},[69,149412,149413,149415,149417,149419,149421,149423,149425,149427,149430,149432,149434],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,149414,172],{"class":128},[69,149416,132],{"class":83},[69,149418,4817],{"class":146},[69,149420,537],{"class":83},[69,149422,41729],{"class":146},[69,149424,132],{"class":83},[69,149426,871],{"class":699},[69,149428,149429],{"class":703},"app",[69,149431,871],{"class":699},[69,149433,186],{"class":83},[69,149435,149436],{"class":189},"    # 0\n",[69,149438,149439,149441,149443,149445,149447,149449,149451,149453,149455,149457,149459],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,149440,172],{"class":128},[69,149442,132],{"class":83},[69,149444,4817],{"class":146},[69,149446,537],{"class":83},[69,149448,41729],{"class":146},[69,149450,132],{"class":83},[69,149452,871],{"class":699},[69,149454,874],{"class":703},[69,149456,871],{"class":699},[69,149458,186],{"class":83},[69,149460,51889],{"class":189},[20,149462,149463,149466,149467,537],{},[15,149464,149465],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,149468,1226],{},[55,149470,149472],{"id":149471},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,149474,149475],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[29,149477,149478,149483,149492,149498],{},[32,149479,1378,149480,149482],{},[15,149481,1574],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[32,149484,1378,149485,149491],{},[533,149486,149488,149489],{"href":149487},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,149490,59444],{}," to find the position of a value",[32,149493,1378,149494,149497],{},[15,149495,149496],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[32,149499,149500],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,149502,46512,149503,143],{},[15,149504,1574],{},[60,149506,149508],{"className":62,"code":149507,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,149509,149510,149530,149534,149550],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149511,149512,149514,149516,149518,149520,149522,149524,149526,149528],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149513,76],{"class":75},[69,149515,80],{"class":79},[69,149517,441],{"class":83},[69,149519,334],{"class":87},[69,149521,91],{"class":83},[69,149523,6690],{"class":87},[69,149525,91],{"class":83},[69,149527,54611],{"class":87},[69,149529,166],{"class":83},[69,149531,149532],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,149533,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,149535,149536,149538,149540,149542,149544,149546,149548],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,149537,172],{"class":128},[69,149539,132],{"class":83},[69,149541,2758],{"class":87},[69,149543,21864],{"class":1053},[69,149545,163],{"class":146},[69,149547,938],{"class":83},[69,149549,44326],{"class":189},[69,149551,149552,149554,149556,149558,149560,149562,149564],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,149553,172],{"class":128},[69,149555,132],{"class":83},[69,149557,2866],{"class":87},[69,149559,21864],{"class":1053},[69,149561,163],{"class":146},[69,149563,938],{"class":83},[69,149565,44343],{"class":189},[20,149567,46512,149568,143],{},[15,149569,59444],{},[60,149571,149573],{"className":62,"code":149572,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149574,149575,149599],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149576,149577,149579,149581,149583,149585,149587,149589,149591,149593,149595,149597],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149578,76],{"class":75},[69,149580,80],{"class":79},[69,149582,441],{"class":83},[69,149584,334],{"class":87},[69,149586,91],{"class":83},[69,149588,6690],{"class":87},[69,149590,91],{"class":83},[69,149592,54611],{"class":87},[69,149594,91],{"class":83},[69,149596,6690],{"class":87},[69,149598,166],{"class":83},[69,149600,149601,149603,149605,149607,149609,149611,149613,149615,149617],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,149602,172],{"class":128},[69,149604,132],{"class":83},[69,149606,4366],{"class":146},[69,149608,537],{"class":83},[69,149610,36535],{"class":146},[69,149612,132],{"class":83},[69,149614,2758],{"class":87},[69,149616,186],{"class":83},[69,149618,28468],{"class":189},[20,149620,149621,149623,149624,149626,149628],{},[15,149622,57766],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10532,149625],{},[15,149627,59444],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[55,149630,2519],{"id":2518},[377,149632,2561,149634,5846],{"id":149633},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149635,148358],{},[20,149637,149638],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[377,149640,2523,149642,149644],{"id":149641},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149643,148358],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149646,149647],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[377,149649,149651],{"id":149650},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149653,12602,149654,537],{},[15,149655,1226],{},[377,149657,5871,149659,149661],{"id":149658},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149660,148358],{}," count strings?",[20,149663,149664],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[377,149666,5881,149668,5096,149670,3218],{"id":149667},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149669,148358],{},[15,149671,149672],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149674,149675,149677,149678,149680],{},[15,149676,57766],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149679,59444],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[55,149682,2620],{"id":2619},[29,149684,149685,149689,149694,149701,149709],{},[32,149686,149687],{},[533,149688,148467],{"href":148466},[32,149690,149691],{},[533,149692,149693],{"href":148470},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[32,149695,149696],{},[533,149697,149698,149699,11428],{"href":149487},"Python tuple ",[15,149700,59444],{},[32,149702,149703],{},[533,149704,149706,149707],{"href":149705},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149708,42831],{},[32,149710,149711],{},[533,149712,59432],{"href":59431},[2650,149714,149715],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":149717},[149718,149720,149723,149724,149725,149726,149727,149735,149736,149747],{"id":148434,"depth":120,"text":149719},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":148474,"depth":120,"text":148475,"children":149721},[149722],{"id":103585,"depth":169,"text":103586},{"id":12164,"depth":120,"text":12165},{"id":540,"depth":120,"text":541},{"id":41514,"depth":120,"text":41515},{"id":148997,"depth":120,"text":148998},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771,"children":149728},[149729,149731,149732,149734],{"id":149157,"depth":169,"text":149730},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":59069,"depth":169,"text":59485},{"id":149353,"depth":169,"text":149733},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":149366,"depth":169,"text":149367},{"id":149471,"depth":120,"text":149472},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":149737},[149738,149740,149742,149743,149745],{"id":149633,"depth":169,"text":149739},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149641,"depth":169,"text":149741},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149650,"depth":169,"text":149651},{"id":149658,"depth":169,"text":149744},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149667,"depth":169,"text":149746},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":148345,"description":149748},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149755,"title":149756,"body":149757,"description":151444,"extension":2697,"meta":151445,"navigation":272,"path":151446,"seo":151447,"stem":151448,"__hash__":151449},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149758,"toc":151407},[149759,149762,149765,149774,149776,149906,149908,149969,149975,149977,149997,150001,150004,150007,150042,150044,150065,150068,150107,150109,150134,150141,150145,150148,150185,150187,150210,150213,150216,150228,150234,150238,150241,150247,150288,150290,150313,150316,150357,150359,150386,150388,150405,150407,150424,150427,150431,150434,150436,150470,150472,150519,150523,150562,150566,150569,150626,150628,150669,150675,150681,150686,150688,150725,150727,150747,150749,150782,150784,150817,150820,150824,150857,150859,150884,150887,150889,150903,150910,150912,150915,150919,150922,150957,150960,150995,150999,151002,151041,151044,151083,151087,151089,151119,151122,151129,151131,151163,151166,151198,151201,151232,151234,151251,151255,151258,151322,151324,151328,151335,151339,151342,151346,151349,151353,151356,151361,151367,151369,151404],[10,149760,149756],{"id":149761},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149763,149764],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149766,149767,149768,394,149772,537],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[533,149769,149771],{"href":149770},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[533,149773,148467],{"href":148466},[55,149775,58],{"id":57},[60,149777,149779],{"className":62,"code":149778,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149780,149781,149801,149810,149824,149860,149864,149874,149884,149895],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149782,149783,149785,149787,149789,149791,149793,149795,149797,149799],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149784,76],{"class":75},[69,149786,80],{"class":79},[69,149788,441],{"class":83},[69,149790,88],{"class":87},[69,149792,91],{"class":83},[69,149794,94],{"class":87},[69,149796,91],{"class":83},[69,149798,99],{"class":87},[69,149800,166],{"class":83},[69,149802,149803,149805,149807],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,149804,125331],{"class":75},[69,149806,80],{"class":79},[69,149808,149809],{"class":83}," ()\n",[69,149811,149812,149815,149817,149819,149821],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,149813,149814],{"class":75},"one_item ",[69,149816,80],{"class":79},[69,149818,441],{"class":83},[69,149820,2866],{"class":87},[69,149822,149823],{"class":83},",)\n",[69,149825,149826,149829,149831,149834,149836,149838,149840,149842,149844,149846,149848,149850,149852,149854,149856,149858],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,149827,149828],{"class":75},"from_list ",[69,149830,80],{"class":79},[69,149832,149833],{"class":177}," tuple",[69,149835,3710],{"class":83},[69,149837,871],{"class":699},[69,149839,533],{"class":703},[69,149841,871],{"class":699},[69,149843,91],{"class":83},[69,149845,881],{"class":699},[69,149847,5465],{"class":703},[69,149849,871],{"class":699},[69,149851,91],{"class":83},[69,149853,881],{"class":699},[69,149855,10425],{"class":703},[69,149857,871],{"class":699},[69,149859,618],{"class":83},[69,149861,149862],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,149863,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,149865,149866,149868,149870,149872],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,149867,172],{"class":128},[69,149869,132],{"class":83},[69,149871,4366],{"class":146},[69,149873,166],{"class":83},[69,149875,149876,149878,149880,149882],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,149877,172],{"class":128},[69,149879,132],{"class":83},[69,149881,125382],{"class":146},[69,149883,166],{"class":83},[69,149885,149886,149888,149890,149893],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,149887,172],{"class":128},[69,149889,132],{"class":83},[69,149891,149892],{"class":146},"one_item",[69,149894,166],{"class":83},[69,149896,149897,149899,149901,149904],{"class":71,"line":7120},[69,149898,172],{"class":128},[69,149900,132],{"class":83},[69,149902,149903],{"class":146},"from_list",[69,149905,166],{"class":83},[20,149907,321],{},[60,149909,149911],{"className":62,"code":149910,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149912,149913,149929,149933,149941],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,149914,149915,149917,149919,149921,149923,149925,149927],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,149916,132],{"class":83},[69,149918,88],{"class":87},[69,149920,91],{"class":83},[69,149922,94],{"class":87},[69,149924,91],{"class":83},[69,149926,99],{"class":87},[69,149928,166],{"class":83},[69,149930,149931],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,149932,9329],{"class":83},[69,149934,149935,149937,149939],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,149936,132],{"class":83},[69,149938,2866],{"class":87},[69,149940,149823],{"class":83},[69,149942,149943,149945,149947,149949,149951,149953,149955,149957,149959,149961,149963,149965,149967],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,149944,132],{"class":83},[69,149946,706],{"class":699},[69,149948,533],{"class":703},[69,149950,706],{"class":699},[69,149952,91],{"class":83},[69,149954,700],{"class":699},[69,149956,5465],{"class":703},[69,149958,706],{"class":699},[69,149960,91],{"class":83},[69,149962,700],{"class":699},[69,149964,10425],{"class":703},[69,149966,706],{"class":699},[69,149968,166],{"class":83},[20,149970,149971,149972,537],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149973,149974],{},"(5,)",[55,149976,15855],{"id":15854},[29,149978,149979,149982,149985,149988,149991,149994],{},[32,149980,149981],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[32,149983,149984],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[32,149986,149987],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[32,149989,149990],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[32,149992,149993],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[32,149995,149996],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[55,149998,150000],{"id":149999},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,150002,150003],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,150005,150006],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[60,150008,150010],{"className":62,"code":150009,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150011,150012,150032],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150013,150014,150016,150018,150020,150022,150024,150026,150028,150030],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150015,76],{"class":75},[69,150017,80],{"class":79},[69,150019,441],{"class":83},[69,150021,88],{"class":87},[69,150023,91],{"class":83},[69,150025,94],{"class":87},[69,150027,91],{"class":83},[69,150029,99],{"class":87},[69,150031,166],{"class":83},[69,150033,150034,150036,150038,150040],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,150035,172],{"class":128},[69,150037,132],{"class":83},[69,150039,4366],{"class":146},[69,150041,166],{"class":83},[20,150043,321],{},[60,150045,150047],{"className":62,"code":150046,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150048,150049],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150050,150051,150053,150055,150057,150059,150061,150063],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150052,132],{"class":83},[69,150054,88],{"class":87},[69,150056,91],{"class":83},[69,150058,94],{"class":87},[69,150060,91],{"class":83},[69,150062,99],{"class":87},[69,150064,166],{"class":83},[20,150066,150067],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[60,150069,150071],{"className":62,"code":150070,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,150072,150073,150097],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150074,150075,150077,150079,150081,150083,150085,150087,150089,150091,150093,150095],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150076,9852],{"class":75},[69,150078,80],{"class":79},[69,150080,441],{"class":83},[69,150082,88],{"class":87},[69,150084,91],{"class":83},[69,150086,881],{"class":699},[69,150088,874],{"class":703},[69,150090,871],{"class":699},[69,150092,91],{"class":83},[69,150094,1287],{"class":1203},[69,150096,166],{"class":83},[69,150098,150099,150101,150103,150105],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,150100,172],{"class":128},[69,150102,132],{"class":83},[69,150104,9891],{"class":146},[69,150106,166],{"class":83},[20,150108,321],{},[60,150110,150112],{"className":62,"code":150111,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,150113,150114],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150115,150116,150118,150120,150122,150124,150126,150128,150130,150132],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150117,132],{"class":83},[69,150119,88],{"class":87},[69,150121,91],{"class":83},[69,150123,700],{"class":699},[69,150125,874],{"class":703},[69,150127,706],{"class":699},[69,150129,91],{"class":83},[69,150131,1287],{"class":1203},[69,150133,166],{"class":83},[20,150135,150136,150137,537],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[533,150138,150140],{"href":150139},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[55,150142,150144],{"id":150143},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,150146,150147],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[60,150149,150151],{"className":62,"code":150150,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150152,150153,150161,150171],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150154,150155,150157,150159],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150156,125331],{"class":75},[69,150158,80],{"class":79},[69,150160,149809],{"class":83},[69,150162,150163,150165,150167,150169],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,150164,172],{"class":128},[69,150166,132],{"class":83},[69,150168,125382],{"class":146},[69,150170,166],{"class":83},[69,150172,150173,150175,150177,150179,150181,150183],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,150174,172],{"class":128},[69,150176,132],{"class":83},[69,150178,641],{"class":177},[69,150180,132],{"class":83},[69,150182,125382],{"class":146},[69,150184,318],{"class":83},[20,150186,321],{},[60,150188,150190],{"className":62,"code":150189,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150191,150192,150196],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150193,150194],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150195,9329],{"class":83},[69,150197,150198,150200,150202,150204,150206,150208],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,150199,674],{"class":79},[69,150201,696],{"class":135},[69,150203,700],{"class":699},[69,150205,49426],{"class":703},[69,150207,706],{"class":699},[69,150209,689],{"class":79},[20,150211,150212],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,150214,150215],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[29,150217,150218,150223],{},[32,150219,150220,150221],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,150222,8053],{},[32,150224,150225,150226],{},"Empty list: ",[15,150227,4500],{},[20,150229,150230,150231,537],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[533,150232,150233],{"href":57629},"Python list: creating a list",[55,150235,150237],{"id":150236},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,150239,150240],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,150242,150243,150244,150246],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[42,150245,5334],{}," automatically a tuple:",[60,150248,150250],{"className":62,"code":150249,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,150251,150252,150264,150274],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150253,150254,150256,150258,150260,150262],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150255,3173],{"class":75},[69,150257,80],{"class":79},[69,150259,441],{"class":83},[69,150261,2866],{"class":87},[69,150263,166],{"class":83},[69,150265,150266,150268,150270,150272],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,150267,172],{"class":128},[69,150269,132],{"class":83},[69,150271,3198],{"class":146},[69,150273,166],{"class":83},[69,150275,150276,150278,150280,150282,150284,150286],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,150277,172],{"class":128},[69,150279,132],{"class":83},[69,150281,641],{"class":177},[69,150283,132],{"class":83},[69,150285,3198],{"class":146},[69,150287,318],{"class":83},[20,150289,321],{},[60,150291,150293],{"className":62,"code":150292,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,150294,150295,150299],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150296,150297],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150298,3671],{"class":87},[69,150300,150301,150303,150305,150307,150309,150311],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,150302,674],{"class":79},[69,150304,696],{"class":135},[69,150306,700],{"class":699},[69,150308,2919],{"class":703},[69,150310,706],{"class":699},[69,150312,689],{"class":79},[20,150314,150315],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[60,150317,150319],{"className":62,"code":150318,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,150320,150321,150333,150343],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150322,150323,150325,150327,150329,150331],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150324,149814],{"class":75},[69,150326,80],{"class":79},[69,150328,441],{"class":83},[69,150330,2866],{"class":87},[69,150332,149823],{"class":83},[69,150334,150335,150337,150339,150341],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,150336,172],{"class":128},[69,150338,132],{"class":83},[69,150340,149892],{"class":146},[69,150342,166],{"class":83},[69,150344,150345,150347,150349,150351,150353,150355],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,150346,172],{"class":128},[69,150348,132],{"class":83},[69,150350,641],{"class":177},[69,150352,132],{"class":83},[69,150354,149892],{"class":146},[69,150356,318],{"class":83},[20,150358,321],{},[60,150360,150362],{"className":62,"code":150361,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150363,150364,150372],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150365,150366,150368,150370],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150367,132],{"class":83},[69,150369,2866],{"class":87},[69,150371,149823],{"class":83},[69,150373,150374,150376,150378,150380,150382,150384],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,150375,674],{"class":79},[69,150377,696],{"class":135},[69,150379,700],{"class":699},[69,150381,49426],{"class":703},[69,150383,706],{"class":699},[69,150385,689],{"class":79},[20,150387,2253],{},[60,150389,150391],{"className":62,"code":150390,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,150392,150393],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150394,150395,150397,150399,150401,150403],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150396,132],{"class":83},[69,150398,871],{"class":699},[69,150400,874],{"class":703},[69,150402,871],{"class":699},[69,150404,149823],{"class":83},[20,150406,2235],{},[60,150408,150410],{"className":62,"code":150409,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,150411,150412],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150413,150414,150416,150418,150420,150422],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150415,132],{"class":83},[69,150417,871],{"class":699},[69,150419,874],{"class":703},[69,150421,871],{"class":699},[69,150423,166],{"class":83},[20,150425,150426],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[55,150428,150430],{"id":150429},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,150432,150433],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[377,150435,56937],{"id":4366},[60,150437,150438],{"className":62,"code":150009,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,150439,150440,150460],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150441,150442,150444,150446,150448,150450,150452,150454,150456,150458],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150443,76],{"class":75},[69,150445,80],{"class":79},[69,150447,441],{"class":83},[69,150449,88],{"class":87},[69,150451,91],{"class":83},[69,150453,94],{"class":87},[69,150455,91],{"class":83},[69,150457,99],{"class":87},[69,150459,166],{"class":83},[69,150461,150462,150464,150466,150468],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,150463,172],{"class":128},[69,150465,132],{"class":83},[69,150467,4366],{"class":146},[69,150469,166],{"class":83},[377,150471,56940],{"id":6009},[60,150473,150475],{"className":62,"code":150474,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,150476,150477,150509],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150478,150479,150481,150483,150485,150487,150489,150491,150493,150495,150497,150499,150501,150503,150505,150507],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150480,13768],{"class":75},[69,150482,80],{"class":79},[69,150484,441],{"class":83},[69,150486,871],{"class":699},[69,150488,13785],{"class":703},[69,150490,871],{"class":699},[69,150492,91],{"class":83},[69,150494,881],{"class":699},[69,150496,18145],{"class":703},[69,150498,871],{"class":699},[69,150500,91],{"class":83},[69,150502,881],{"class":699},[69,150504,13802],{"class":703},[69,150506,871],{"class":699},[69,150508,166],{"class":83},[69,150510,150511,150513,150515,150517],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,150512,172],{"class":128},[69,150514,132],{"class":83},[69,150516,18192],{"class":146},[69,150518,166],{"class":83},[377,150520,150522],{"id":150521},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[60,150524,150526],{"className":62,"code":150525,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,150527,150528,150552],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150529,150530,150532,150534,150536,150538,150540,150542,150544,150546,150548,150550],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150531,59949],{"class":75},[69,150533,80],{"class":79},[69,150535,441],{"class":83},[69,150537,88],{"class":87},[69,150539,91],{"class":83},[69,150541,881],{"class":699},[69,150543,874],{"class":703},[69,150545,871],{"class":699},[69,150547,91],{"class":83},[69,150549,1287],{"class":1203},[69,150551,166],{"class":83},[69,150553,150554,150556,150558,150560],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,150555,172],{"class":128},[69,150557,132],{"class":83},[69,150559,60002],{"class":146},[69,150561,166],{"class":83},[377,150563,150565],{"id":150564},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150567,150568],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[60,150570,150572],{"className":62,"code":150571,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150573,150574,150615],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150575,150576,150579,150581,150583,150585,150587,150589,150591,150593,150595,150597,150599,150601,150603,150605,150607,150609,150611,150613],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150577,150578],{"class":75},"nested ",[69,150580,80],{"class":79},[69,150582,441],{"class":83},[69,150584,88],{"class":87},[69,150586,91],{"class":83},[69,150588,441],{"class":83},[69,150590,871],{"class":699},[69,150592,533],{"class":703},[69,150594,871],{"class":699},[69,150596,91],{"class":83},[69,150598,881],{"class":699},[69,150600,5465],{"class":703},[69,150602,871],{"class":699},[69,150604,9920],{"class":83},[69,150606,84],{"class":83},[69,150608,444],{"class":87},[69,150610,91],{"class":83},[69,150612,454],{"class":87},[69,150614,618],{"class":83},[69,150616,150617,150619,150621,150624],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,150618,172],{"class":128},[69,150620,132],{"class":83},[69,150622,150623],{"class":146},"nested",[69,150625,166],{"class":83},[20,150627,321],{},[60,150629,150631],{"className":62,"code":150630,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150632,150633],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150634,150635,150637,150639,150641,150643,150645,150647,150649,150651,150653,150655,150657,150659,150661,150663,150665,150667],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150636,132],{"class":83},[69,150638,88],{"class":87},[69,150640,91],{"class":83},[69,150642,441],{"class":83},[69,150644,706],{"class":699},[69,150646,533],{"class":703},[69,150648,706],{"class":699},[69,150650,91],{"class":83},[69,150652,700],{"class":699},[69,150654,5465],{"class":703},[69,150656,706],{"class":699},[69,150658,9920],{"class":83},[69,150660,84],{"class":83},[69,150662,444],{"class":87},[69,150664,91],{"class":83},[69,150666,454],{"class":87},[69,150668,618],{"class":83},[55,150670,150672,150673],{"id":150671},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150674,568],{},[20,150676,150677,150678,150680],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150679,568],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150682,150683,150684,537],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[533,150685,63695],{"href":63694},[377,150687,105726],{"id":105725},[60,150689,150691],{"className":62,"code":150690,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150692,150693,150715],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150694,150695,150697,150699,150701,150703,150705,150707,150709,150711,150713],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150696,76],{"class":75},[69,150698,80],{"class":79},[69,150700,149833],{"class":177},[69,150702,3710],{"class":83},[69,150704,88],{"class":87},[69,150706,91],{"class":83},[69,150708,94],{"class":87},[69,150710,91],{"class":83},[69,150712,99],{"class":87},[69,150714,618],{"class":83},[69,150716,150717,150719,150721,150723],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,150718,172],{"class":128},[69,150720,132],{"class":83},[69,150722,4366],{"class":146},[69,150724,166],{"class":83},[20,150726,321],{},[60,150728,150729],{"className":62,"code":150046,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,150730,150731],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150732,150733,150735,150737,150739,150741,150743,150745],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150734,132],{"class":83},[69,150736,88],{"class":87},[69,150738,91],{"class":83},[69,150740,94],{"class":87},[69,150742,91],{"class":83},[69,150744,99],{"class":87},[69,150746,166],{"class":83},[377,150748,105912],{"id":105911},[60,150750,150752],{"className":62,"code":150751,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150753,150754,150772],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150755,150756,150758,150760,150762,150764,150766,150768,150770],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150757,36780],{"class":75},[69,150759,80],{"class":79},[69,150761,149833],{"class":177},[69,150763,132],{"class":83},[69,150765,871],{"class":699},[69,150767,42030],{"class":703},[69,150769,871],{"class":699},[69,150771,166],{"class":83},[69,150773,150774,150776,150778,150780],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,150775,172],{"class":128},[69,150777,132],{"class":83},[69,150779,36833],{"class":146},[69,150781,166],{"class":83},[20,150783,321],{},[60,150785,150787],{"className":62,"code":150786,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150788,150789],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150790,150791,150793,150795,150797,150799,150801,150803,150805,150807,150809,150811,150813,150815],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150792,132],{"class":83},[69,150794,706],{"class":699},[69,150796,533],{"class":703},[69,150798,706],{"class":699},[69,150800,91],{"class":83},[69,150802,700],{"class":699},[69,150804,5465],{"class":703},[69,150806,706],{"class":699},[69,150808,91],{"class":83},[69,150810,700],{"class":699},[69,150812,10425],{"class":703},[69,150814,706],{"class":699},[69,150816,166],{"class":83},[20,150818,150819],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[377,150821,150823],{"id":150822},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[60,150825,150827],{"className":62,"code":150826,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150828,150829,150847],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150830,150831,150833,150835,150837,150839,150841,150843,150845],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150832,4536],{"class":75},[69,150834,80],{"class":79},[69,150836,149833],{"class":177},[69,150838,132],{"class":83},[69,150840,60475],{"class":128},[69,150842,132],{"class":83},[69,150844,334],{"class":87},[69,150846,318],{"class":83},[69,150848,150849,150851,150853,150855],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,150850,172],{"class":128},[69,150852,132],{"class":83},[69,150854,6059],{"class":146},[69,150856,166],{"class":83},[20,150858,321],{},[60,150860,150862],{"className":62,"code":150861,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150863,150864],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150865,150866,150868,150870,150872,150874,150876,150878,150880,150882],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150867,132],{"class":83},[69,150869,1226],{"class":87},[69,150871,91],{"class":83},[69,150873,1263],{"class":87},[69,150875,91],{"class":83},[69,150877,94],{"class":87},[69,150879,91],{"class":83},[69,150881,99],{"class":87},[69,150883,166],{"class":83},[20,150885,150886],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[55,150888,21491],{"id":21490},[29,150890,150891,150894,150897,150900],{},[32,150892,150893],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[32,150895,150896],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[32,150898,150899],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[32,150901,150902],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150904,150905,150906,537],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[533,150907,150909],{"href":150908},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[55,150911,1771],{"id":1770},[20,150913,150914],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[377,150916,150918],{"id":150917},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150920,150921],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[60,150923,150925],{"className":62,"code":150924,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150926,150927,150943],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150928,150929,150931,150933,150935,150937,150939,150941],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150930,29226],{"class":75},[69,150932,80],{"class":79},[69,150934,441],{"class":83},[69,150936,871],{"class":699},[69,150938,874],{"class":703},[69,150940,871],{"class":699},[69,150942,166],{"class":83},[69,150944,150945,150947,150949,150951,150953,150955],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,150946,172],{"class":128},[69,150948,132],{"class":83},[69,150950,641],{"class":177},[69,150952,132],{"class":83},[69,150954,23999],{"class":146},[69,150956,318],{"class":83},[20,150958,150959],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[60,150961,150963],{"className":62,"code":150962,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150964,150965,150981],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,150966,150967,150969,150971,150973,150975,150977,150979],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,150968,29226],{"class":75},[69,150970,80],{"class":79},[69,150972,441],{"class":83},[69,150974,871],{"class":699},[69,150976,874],{"class":703},[69,150978,871],{"class":699},[69,150980,149823],{"class":83},[69,150982,150983,150985,150987,150989,150991,150993],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,150984,172],{"class":128},[69,150986,132],{"class":83},[69,150988,641],{"class":177},[69,150990,132],{"class":83},[69,150992,23999],{"class":146},[69,150994,318],{"class":83},[377,150996,150998],{"id":150997},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,151000,151001],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[60,151003,151005],{"className":62,"code":151004,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,151006,151007,151027],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151008,151009,151011,151013,151015,151017,151019,151021,151023,151025],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151010,4536],{"class":75},[69,151012,80],{"class":79},[69,151014,84],{"class":83},[69,151016,88],{"class":87},[69,151018,91],{"class":83},[69,151020,94],{"class":87},[69,151022,91],{"class":83},[69,151024,99],{"class":87},[69,151026,117],{"class":83},[69,151028,151029,151031,151033,151035,151037,151039],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,151030,172],{"class":128},[69,151032,132],{"class":83},[69,151034,641],{"class":177},[69,151036,132],{"class":83},[69,151038,6059],{"class":146},[69,151040,318],{"class":83},[20,151042,151043],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[60,151045,151047],{"className":62,"code":151046,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,151048,151049,151069],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151050,151051,151053,151055,151057,151059,151061,151063,151065,151067],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151052,4536],{"class":75},[69,151054,80],{"class":79},[69,151056,441],{"class":83},[69,151058,88],{"class":87},[69,151060,91],{"class":83},[69,151062,94],{"class":87},[69,151064,91],{"class":83},[69,151066,99],{"class":87},[69,151068,166],{"class":83},[69,151070,151071,151073,151075,151077,151079,151081],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,151072,172],{"class":128},[69,151074,132],{"class":83},[69,151076,641],{"class":177},[69,151078,132],{"class":83},[69,151080,6059],{"class":146},[69,151082,318],{"class":83},[377,151084,151086],{"id":151085},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,151088,150899],{},[60,151090,151092],{"className":62,"code":151091,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,151093,151094,151114],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151095,151096,151098,151100,151102,151104,151106,151108,151110,151112],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151097,76],{"class":75},[69,151099,80],{"class":79},[69,151101,441],{"class":83},[69,151103,88],{"class":87},[69,151105,91],{"class":83},[69,151107,94],{"class":87},[69,151109,91],{"class":83},[69,151111,99],{"class":87},[69,151113,166],{"class":83},[69,151115,151116],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,151117,151118],{"class":189},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,151120,151121],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[377,151123,2309,151125,151128],{"id":151124},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,151126,151127],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,151130,65121],{},[60,151132,151133],{"className":62,"code":150751,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,151134,151135,151153],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151136,151137,151139,151141,151143,151145,151147,151149,151151],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151138,36780],{"class":75},[69,151140,80],{"class":79},[69,151142,149833],{"class":177},[69,151144,132],{"class":83},[69,151146,871],{"class":699},[69,151148,42030],{"class":703},[69,151150,871],{"class":699},[69,151152,166],{"class":83},[69,151154,151155,151157,151159,151161],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,151156,172],{"class":128},[69,151158,132],{"class":83},[69,151160,36833],{"class":146},[69,151162,166],{"class":83},[20,151164,151165],{},"gives:",[60,151167,151168],{"className":62,"code":150786,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,151169,151170],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151171,151172,151174,151176,151178,151180,151182,151184,151186,151188,151190,151192,151194,151196],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151173,132],{"class":83},[69,151175,706],{"class":699},[69,151177,533],{"class":703},[69,151179,706],{"class":699},[69,151181,91],{"class":83},[69,151183,700],{"class":699},[69,151185,5465],{"class":703},[69,151187,706],{"class":699},[69,151189,91],{"class":83},[69,151191,700],{"class":699},[69,151193,10425],{"class":703},[69,151195,706],{"class":699},[69,151197,166],{"class":83},[20,151199,151200],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[60,151202,151204],{"className":62,"code":151203,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,151205,151206,151222],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151207,151208,151210,151212,151214,151216,151218,151220],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151209,6850],{"class":75},[69,151211,80],{"class":79},[69,151213,441],{"class":83},[69,151215,871],{"class":699},[69,151217,42030],{"class":703},[69,151219,871],{"class":699},[69,151221,149823],{"class":83},[69,151223,151224,151226,151228,151230],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,151225,172],{"class":128},[69,151227,132],{"class":83},[69,151229,935],{"class":146},[69,151231,166],{"class":83},[20,151233,321],{},[60,151235,151237],{"className":62,"code":151236,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"('abc',)\n",[15,151238,151239],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151240,151241,151243,151245,151247,151249],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151242,132],{"class":83},[69,151244,706],{"class":699},[69,151246,42030],{"class":703},[69,151248,706],{"class":699},[69,151250,149823],{"class":83},[377,151252,151254],{"id":151253},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,151256,151257],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[60,151259,151261],{"className":62,"code":151260,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,151262,151263,151280,151284,151294,151308],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151264,151265,151268,151270,151272,151274,151276,151278],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151266,151267],{"class":75},"my_tuple ",[69,151269,80],{"class":79},[69,151271,441],{"class":83},[69,151273,871],{"class":699},[69,151275,874],{"class":703},[69,151277,871],{"class":699},[69,151279,149823],{"class":83},[69,151281,151282],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,151283,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,151285,151286,151288,151290,151292],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,151287,172],{"class":128},[69,151289,132],{"class":83},[69,151291,148485],{"class":146},[69,151293,166],{"class":83},[69,151295,151296,151298,151300,151302,151304,151306],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,151297,172],{"class":128},[69,151299,132],{"class":83},[69,151301,641],{"class":177},[69,151303,132],{"class":83},[69,151305,148485],{"class":146},[69,151307,318],{"class":83},[69,151309,151310,151312,151314,151316,151318,151320],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,151311,172],{"class":128},[69,151313,132],{"class":83},[69,151315,11850],{"class":128},[69,151317,132],{"class":83},[69,151319,148485],{"class":146},[69,151321,318],{"class":83},[55,151323,2519],{"id":2518},[377,151325,151327],{"id":151326},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,151329,151330,151331,151334],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,151332,151333],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[377,151336,151338],{"id":151337},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,151340,151341],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[377,151343,151345],{"id":151344},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,151347,151348],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[377,151350,151352],{"id":151351},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,151354,151355],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[377,151357,2561,151359,13407],{"id":151358},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,151360,151127],{},[20,151362,5849,151363,151366],{},[15,151364,151365],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[55,151368,2620],{"id":2619},[29,151370,151371,151375,151379,151385,151390,151395,151399],{},[32,151372,151373],{},[533,151374,148467],{"href":148466},[32,151376,151377],{},[533,151378,150140],{"href":150139},[32,151380,151381],{},[533,151382,151384],{"href":151383},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[32,151386,151387],{},[533,151388,151389],{"href":149705},"Python tuple length with len()",[32,151391,151392],{},[533,151393,151394],{"href":149770},"What is a tuple in Python?",[32,151396,151397],{},[533,151398,63695],{"href":63694},[32,151400,151401],{},[533,151402,151403],{"href":150908},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2650,151405,151406],{},"html 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.slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":151408},[151409,151410,151411,151412,151413,151414,151420,151426,151427,151435,151443],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":15854,"depth":120,"text":15855},{"id":149999,"depth":120,"text":150000},{"id":150143,"depth":120,"text":150144},{"id":150236,"depth":120,"text":150237},{"id":150429,"depth":120,"text":150430,"children":151415},[151416,151417,151418,151419],{"id":4366,"depth":169,"text":56937},{"id":6009,"depth":169,"text":56940},{"id":150521,"depth":169,"text":150522},{"id":150564,"depth":169,"text":150565},{"id":150671,"depth":120,"text":151421,"children":151422},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[151423,151424,151425],{"id":105725,"depth":169,"text":105726},{"id":105911,"depth":169,"text":105912},{"id":150822,"depth":169,"text":150823},{"id":21490,"depth":120,"text":21491},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771,"children":151428},[151429,151430,151431,151432,151434],{"id":150917,"depth":169,"text":150918},{"id":150997,"depth":169,"text":150998},{"id":151085,"depth":169,"text":151086},{"id":151124,"depth":169,"text":151433},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":151253,"depth":169,"text":151254},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":151436},[151437,151438,151439,151440,151441],{"id":151326,"depth":169,"text":151327},{"id":151337,"depth":169,"text":151338},{"id":151344,"depth":169,"text":151345},{"id":151351,"depth":169,"text":151352},{"id":151358,"depth":169,"text":151442},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149756,"description":151444},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":151451,"title":151452,"body":151453,"description":152998,"extension":2697,"meta":152999,"navigation":272,"path":153000,"seo":153001,"stem":153002,"__hash__":153003},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":151454,"toc":152968},[151455,151458,151463,151465,151478,151484,151486,151553,151555,151590,151595,151599,151603,151605,151616,151624,151626,151628,151649,151651,151671,151674,151676,151681,151724,151726,151748,151751,151764,151768,151772,151775,151828,151830,151851,151856,151860,151863,151908,151910,151943,151955,151959,151967,152004,152006,152035,152039,152042,152095,152097,152117,152124,152128,152133,152202,152204,152229,152233,152236,152242,152319,152321,152380,152382,152394,152399,152403,152407,152421,152423,152458,152460,152477,152480,152493,152497,152501,152512,152517,152532,152535,152538,152540,152543,152547,152549,152563,152565,152589,152594,152598,152601,152620,152623,152672,152677,152694,152697,152730,152734,152736,152787,152790,152815,152818,152841,152845,152851,152853,152888,152891,152896,152898,152902,152905,152909,152914,152918,152921,152925,152928,152932,152937,152939,152965],[10,151456,151452],{"id":151457},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,151459,9809,151460,151462],{},[15,151461,568],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,151464,83067],{},[29,151466,151467,151472],{},[32,151468,151469,151471],{},[15,151470,568],{}," creates an empty tuple",[32,151473,151474,151477],{},[15,151475,151476],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,151479,151480,151481,151483],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,151482,568],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[55,151485,58],{"id":57},[60,151487,151489],{"className":62,"code":151488,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,151490,151491,151511,151525,151529,151539],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151492,151493,151495,151497,151499,151501,151503,151505,151507,151509],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151494,76],{"class":75},[69,151496,80],{"class":79},[69,151498,84],{"class":83},[69,151500,88],{"class":87},[69,151502,91],{"class":83},[69,151504,94],{"class":87},[69,151506,91],{"class":83},[69,151508,99],{"class":87},[69,151510,117],{"class":83},[69,151512,151513,151515,151517,151519,151521,151523],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,151514,123],{"class":75},[69,151516,80],{"class":79},[69,151518,149833],{"class":177},[69,151520,132],{"class":83},[69,151522,4366],{"class":146},[69,151524,166],{"class":83},[69,151526,151527],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,151528,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,151530,151531,151533,151535,151537],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,151532,172],{"class":128},[69,151534,132],{"class":83},[69,151536,183],{"class":146},[69,151538,166],{"class":83},[69,151540,151541,151543,151545,151547,151549,151551],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,151542,172],{"class":128},[69,151544,132],{"class":83},[69,151546,641],{"class":177},[69,151548,132],{"class":83},[69,151550,183],{"class":146},[69,151552,318],{"class":83},[20,151554,321],{},[60,151556,151558],{"className":62,"code":151557,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151559,151560,151576],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151561,151562,151564,151566,151568,151570,151572,151574],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151563,132],{"class":83},[69,151565,88],{"class":87},[69,151567,91],{"class":83},[69,151569,94],{"class":87},[69,151571,91],{"class":83},[69,151573,99],{"class":87},[69,151575,166],{"class":83},[69,151577,151578,151580,151582,151584,151586,151588],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,151579,674],{"class":79},[69,151581,696],{"class":135},[69,151583,700],{"class":699},[69,151585,49426],{"class":703},[69,151587,706],{"class":699},[69,151589,689],{"class":79},[20,151591,1378,151592,151594],{},[15,151593,151476],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[55,151596,151598],{"id":151597},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151600,151601,63403],{},[15,151602,568],{},[20,151604,49400],{},[29,151606,151607,151610,151613],{},[32,151608,151609],{},"creates a tuple object",[32,151611,151612],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[32,151614,151615],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151617,151618,151619,151621,151622,537],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[533,151620,149771],{"href":149770}," or the full guide to ",[533,151623,148467],{"href":148466},[55,151625,2888],{"id":2887},[20,151627,27175],{},[60,151629,151631],{"className":62,"code":151630,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151632,151633,151639],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151634,151635,151637],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151636,49426],{"class":177},[69,151638,9329],{"class":83},[69,151640,151641,151643,151645,151647],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,151642,49426],{"class":177},[69,151644,132],{"class":83},[69,151646,399],{"class":146},[69,151648,166],{"class":83},[20,151650,12148],{},[29,151652,151653,151656],{},[32,151654,151655],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[32,151657,151658,151659],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[29,151660,151661,151663,151665,151667,151669],{},[32,151662,6000],{},[32,151664,6009],{},[32,151666,63474],{},[32,151668,6006],{},[32,151670,7939],{},[20,151672,151673],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[55,151675,150144],{"id":150143},[20,151677,30338,151678,151680],{},[15,151679,568],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[60,151682,151684],{"className":62,"code":151683,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151685,151686,151696,151700,151710],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151687,151688,151690,151692,151694],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151689,125331],{"class":75},[69,151691,80],{"class":79},[69,151693,149833],{"class":177},[69,151695,9329],{"class":83},[69,151697,151698],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,151699,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,151701,151702,151704,151706,151708],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,151703,172],{"class":128},[69,151705,132],{"class":83},[69,151707,125382],{"class":146},[69,151709,166],{"class":83},[69,151711,151712,151714,151716,151718,151720,151722],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,151713,172],{"class":128},[69,151715,132],{"class":83},[69,151717,641],{"class":177},[69,151719,132],{"class":83},[69,151721,125382],{"class":146},[69,151723,318],{"class":83},[20,151725,321],{},[60,151727,151728],{"className":62,"code":150189,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,151729,151730,151734],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151731,151732],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151733,9329],{"class":83},[69,151735,151736,151738,151740,151742,151744,151746],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,151737,674],{"class":79},[69,151739,696],{"class":135},[69,151741,700],{"class":699},[69,151743,49426],{"class":703},[69,151745,706],{"class":699},[69,151747,689],{"class":79},[20,151749,151750],{},"This is equivalent to:",[60,151752,151754],{"className":62,"code":151753,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"empty = ()\n",[15,151755,151756],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151757,151758,151760,151762],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151759,125331],{"class":75},[69,151761,80],{"class":79},[69,151763,149809],{"class":83},[55,151765,151767],{"id":151766},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[377,151769,151771],{"id":151770},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151773,151774],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[60,151776,151778],{"className":62,"code":151777,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151779,151780,151800,151814,151818],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151781,151782,151784,151786,151788,151790,151792,151794,151796,151798],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151783,76],{"class":75},[69,151785,80],{"class":79},[69,151787,84],{"class":83},[69,151789,444],{"class":87},[69,151791,91],{"class":83},[69,151793,454],{"class":87},[69,151795,91],{"class":83},[69,151797,8482],{"class":87},[69,151799,117],{"class":83},[69,151801,151802,151804,151806,151808,151810,151812],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,151803,123],{"class":75},[69,151805,80],{"class":79},[69,151807,149833],{"class":177},[69,151809,132],{"class":83},[69,151811,4366],{"class":146},[69,151813,166],{"class":83},[69,151815,151816],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,151817,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,151819,151820,151822,151824,151826],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,151821,172],{"class":128},[69,151823,132],{"class":83},[69,151825,183],{"class":146},[69,151827,166],{"class":83},[20,151829,321],{},[60,151831,151833],{"className":62,"code":151832,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151834,151835],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151836,151837,151839,151841,151843,151845,151847,151849],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151838,132],{"class":83},[69,151840,444],{"class":87},[69,151842,91],{"class":83},[69,151844,454],{"class":87},[69,151846,91],{"class":83},[69,151848,8482],{"class":87},[69,151850,166],{"class":83},[20,151852,151853,151854,537],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[533,151855,105531],{"href":60532},[377,151857,151859],{"id":151858},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151861,151862],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[60,151864,151866],{"className":62,"code":151865,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151867,151868,151880,151894,151898],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151869,151870,151872,151874,151876,151878],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151871,35378],{"class":75},[69,151873,80],{"class":79},[69,151875,881],{"class":699},[69,151877,37738],{"class":703},[69,151879,4079],{"class":699},[69,151881,151882,151884,151886,151888,151890,151892],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,151883,123],{"class":75},[69,151885,80],{"class":79},[69,151887,149833],{"class":177},[69,151889,132],{"class":83},[69,151891,35399],{"class":146},[69,151893,166],{"class":83},[69,151895,151896],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,151897,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,151899,151900,151902,151904,151906],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,151901,172],{"class":128},[69,151903,132],{"class":83},[69,151905,183],{"class":146},[69,151907,166],{"class":83},[20,151909,321],{},[60,151911,151913],{"className":62,"code":151912,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151914,151915],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151916,151917,151919,151921,151923,151925,151927,151929,151931,151933,151935,151937,151939,151941],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151918,132],{"class":83},[69,151920,706],{"class":699},[69,151922,10425],{"class":703},[69,151924,706],{"class":699},[69,151926,91],{"class":83},[69,151928,700],{"class":699},[69,151930,533],{"class":703},[69,151932,706],{"class":699},[69,151934,91],{"class":83},[69,151936,700],{"class":699},[69,151938,63764],{"class":703},[69,151940,706],{"class":699},[69,151942,166],{"class":83},[20,151944,151945,151946,14746,151949,151951,151952,537],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151947,151948],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[42,151950,5334],{}," create ",[15,151953,151954],{},"('cat',)",[377,151956,151958],{"id":151957},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151960,151961,151963,151964,151966],{},[15,151962,36888],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151965,568],{}," collects them all.",[60,151968,151970],{"className":62,"code":151969,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151971,151972,151990,151994],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,151973,151974,151976,151978,151980,151982,151984,151986,151988],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,151975,123],{"class":75},[69,151977,80],{"class":79},[69,151979,149833],{"class":177},[69,151981,132],{"class":83},[69,151983,60475],{"class":128},[69,151985,132],{"class":83},[69,151987,2866],{"class":87},[69,151989,318],{"class":83},[69,151991,151992],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,151993,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,151995,151996,151998,152000,152002],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,151997,172],{"class":128},[69,151999,132],{"class":83},[69,152001,183],{"class":146},[69,152003,166],{"class":83},[20,152005,321],{},[60,152007,152009],{"className":62,"code":152008,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,152010,152011],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152012,152013,152015,152017,152019,152021,152023,152025,152027,152029,152031,152033],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152014,132],{"class":83},[69,152016,1226],{"class":87},[69,152018,91],{"class":83},[69,152020,1263],{"class":87},[69,152022,91],{"class":83},[69,152024,94],{"class":87},[69,152026,91],{"class":83},[69,152028,99],{"class":87},[69,152030,91],{"class":83},[69,152032,104],{"class":87},[69,152034,166],{"class":83},[377,152036,152038],{"id":152037},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,152040,152041],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[60,152043,152045],{"className":62,"code":152044,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,152046,152047,152067,152081,152085],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152048,152049,152051,152053,152055,152057,152059,152061,152063,152065],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152050,4536],{"class":75},[69,152052,80],{"class":79},[69,152054,11177],{"class":83},[69,152056,88],{"class":87},[69,152058,91],{"class":83},[69,152060,94],{"class":87},[69,152062,91],{"class":83},[69,152064,99],{"class":87},[69,152066,9994],{"class":83},[69,152068,152069,152071,152073,152075,152077,152079],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,152070,123],{"class":75},[69,152072,80],{"class":79},[69,152074,149833],{"class":177},[69,152076,132],{"class":83},[69,152078,6059],{"class":146},[69,152080,166],{"class":83},[69,152082,152083],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,152084,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,152086,152087,152089,152091,152093],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,152088,172],{"class":128},[69,152090,132],{"class":83},[69,152092,183],{"class":146},[69,152094,166],{"class":83},[20,152096,321],{},[60,152098,152099],{"className":62,"code":150046,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,152100,152101],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152102,152103,152105,152107,152109,152111,152113,152115],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152104,132],{"class":83},[69,152106,88],{"class":87},[69,152108,91],{"class":83},[69,152110,94],{"class":87},[69,152112,91],{"class":83},[69,152114,99],{"class":87},[69,152116,166],{"class":83},[20,152118,152119,152120,537],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[533,152121,152123],{"href":152122},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[377,152125,152127],{"id":152126},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,152129,64017,152130,152132],{},[15,152131,568],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[60,152134,152136],{"className":62,"code":152135,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,152137,152138,152174,152188,152192],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152139,152140,152142,152144,152146,152148,152150,152152,152154,152156,152158,152160,152162,152164,152166,152168,152170,152172],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152141,13897],{"class":75},[69,152143,80],{"class":79},[69,152145,11177],{"class":83},[69,152147,871],{"class":699},[69,152149,8356],{"class":703},[69,152151,871],{"class":699},[69,152153,143],{"class":83},[69,152155,881],{"class":699},[69,152157,13572],{"class":703},[69,152159,871],{"class":699},[69,152161,91],{"class":83},[69,152163,881],{"class":699},[69,152165,9985],{"class":703},[69,152167,871],{"class":699},[69,152169,143],{"class":83},[69,152171,459],{"class":87},[69,152173,9994],{"class":83},[69,152175,152176,152178,152180,152182,152184,152186],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,152177,123],{"class":75},[69,152179,80],{"class":79},[69,152181,149833],{"class":177},[69,152183,132],{"class":83},[69,152185,17996],{"class":146},[69,152187,166],{"class":83},[69,152189,152190],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,152191,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,152193,152194,152196,152198,152200],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,152195,172],{"class":128},[69,152197,132],{"class":83},[69,152199,183],{"class":146},[69,152201,166],{"class":83},[20,152203,30718],{},[60,152205,152207],{"className":62,"code":152206,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,152208,152209],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152210,152211,152213,152215,152217,152219,152221,152223,152225,152227],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152212,132],{"class":83},[69,152214,706],{"class":699},[69,152216,8356],{"class":703},[69,152218,706],{"class":699},[69,152220,91],{"class":83},[69,152222,700],{"class":699},[69,152224,9985],{"class":703},[69,152226,706],{"class":699},[69,152228,166],{"class":83},[55,152230,152232],{"id":152231},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,152234,152235],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,152237,152238,152241],{},[15,152239,152240],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[60,152243,152245],{"className":62,"code":152244,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,152246,152247,152283,152287,152301],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152248,152249,152251,152253,152255,152257,152259,152261,152263,152265,152267,152269,152271,152273,152275,152277,152279,152281],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152250,13897],{"class":75},[69,152252,80],{"class":79},[69,152254,11177],{"class":83},[69,152256,871],{"class":699},[69,152258,8356],{"class":703},[69,152260,871],{"class":699},[69,152262,143],{"class":83},[69,152264,881],{"class":699},[69,152266,13572],{"class":703},[69,152268,871],{"class":699},[69,152270,91],{"class":83},[69,152272,881],{"class":699},[69,152274,9985],{"class":703},[69,152276,871],{"class":699},[69,152278,143],{"class":83},[69,152280,459],{"class":87},[69,152282,9994],{"class":83},[69,152284,152285],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,152286,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,152288,152289,152291,152293,152295,152297,152299],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,152290,172],{"class":128},[69,152292,132],{"class":83},[69,152294,49426],{"class":177},[69,152296,132],{"class":83},[69,152298,17996],{"class":146},[69,152300,318],{"class":83},[69,152302,152303,152305,152307,152309,152311,152313,152315,152317],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,152304,172],{"class":128},[69,152306,132],{"class":83},[69,152308,49426],{"class":177},[69,152310,132],{"class":83},[69,152312,17996],{"class":146},[69,152314,537],{"class":83},[69,152316,8497],{"class":146},[69,152318,6985],{"class":83},[20,152320,321],{},[60,152322,152324],{"className":62,"code":152323,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,152325,152326,152346],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152327,152328,152330,152332,152334,152336,152338,152340,152342,152344],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152329,132],{"class":83},[69,152331,706],{"class":699},[69,152333,8356],{"class":703},[69,152335,706],{"class":699},[69,152337,91],{"class":83},[69,152339,700],{"class":699},[69,152341,9985],{"class":703},[69,152343,706],{"class":699},[69,152345,166],{"class":83},[69,152347,152348,152350,152352,152354,152356,152358,152360,152362,152364,152366,152368,152370,152372,152374,152376,152378],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,152349,6210],{"class":83},[69,152351,706],{"class":699},[69,152353,8356],{"class":703},[69,152355,706],{"class":699},[69,152357,91],{"class":83},[69,152359,700],{"class":699},[69,152361,13572],{"class":703},[69,152363,706],{"class":699},[69,152365,9920],{"class":83},[69,152367,441],{"class":83},[69,152369,706],{"class":699},[69,152371,9985],{"class":703},[69,152373,706],{"class":699},[69,152375,91],{"class":83},[69,152377,459],{"class":87},[69,152379,318],{"class":83},[20,152381,19385],{},[29,152383,152384,152389],{},[32,152385,152386,152388],{},[15,152387,152240],{}," for keys",[32,152390,152391,33247],{},[15,152392,152393],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,152395,152396,152397,537],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[533,152398,64027],{"href":64026},[55,152400,152402],{"id":152401},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,152404,152405,19009],{},[15,152406,568],{},[29,152408,152409,152412,152415,152418],{},[32,152410,152411],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[32,152413,152414],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[32,152416,152417],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[32,152419,152420],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,152422,234],{},[60,152424,152426],{"className":62,"code":152425,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,152427,152428,152447],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152429,152430,152433,152435,152437,152439,152441,152443,152445],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152431,152432],{"class":75},"coordinates ",[69,152434,80],{"class":79},[69,152436,149833],{"class":177},[69,152438,3710],{"class":83},[69,152440,334],{"class":87},[69,152442,91],{"class":83},[69,152444,6690],{"class":87},[69,152446,618],{"class":83},[69,152448,152449,152451,152453,152456],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,152450,172],{"class":128},[69,152452,132],{"class":83},[69,152454,152455],{"class":146},"coordinates",[69,152457,166],{"class":83},[20,152459,321],{},[60,152461,152463],{"className":62,"code":152462,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(4, 7)\n",[15,152464,152465],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152466,152467,152469,152471,152473,152475],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152468,132],{"class":83},[69,152470,334],{"class":87},[69,152472,91],{"class":83},[69,152474,6690],{"class":87},[69,152476,166],{"class":83},[20,152478,152479],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[29,152481,152482,152484,152487,152490],{},[32,152483,152455],{},[32,152485,152486],{},"RGB colors",[32,152488,152489],{},"dates",[32,152491,152492],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[55,152494,152496],{"id":152495},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,152498,44900,152499,11288],{},[15,152500,568],{},[29,152502,152503,152506,152509],{},[32,152504,152505],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[32,152507,152508],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[32,152510,152511],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,152513,116958,152514,152516],{},[42,152515,5334],{}," work:",[60,152518,152520],{"className":62,"code":152519,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"tuple(5)\n",[15,152521,152522],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152523,152524,152526,152528,152530],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152525,49426],{"class":177},[69,152527,132],{"class":83},[69,152529,2866],{"class":87},[69,152531,166],{"class":83},[20,152533,152534],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,152536,152537],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[55,152539,115796],{"id":115795},[20,152541,152542],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[377,152544,152546],{"id":152545},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,152548,3562],{},[60,152550,152551],{"className":62,"code":152519,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,152552,152553],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152554,152555,152557,152559,152561],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152556,49426],{"class":177},[69,152558,132],{"class":83},[69,152560,2866],{"class":87},[69,152562,166],{"class":83},[20,152564,30369],{},[60,152566,152567],{"className":62,"code":64131,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,152568,152569],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152570,152571,152573,152575,152577,152579,152581,152583,152585,152587],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152572,3728],{"class":177},[69,152574,143],{"class":83},[69,152576,700],{"class":699},[69,152578,2919],{"class":703},[69,152580,706],{"class":699},[69,152582,679],{"class":177},[69,152584,8783],{"class":79},[69,152586,8786],{"class":79},[69,152588,64154],{"class":75},[20,152590,152591,152592,537],{},"If you see this, read ",[533,152593,62768],{"href":53074},[377,152595,152597],{"id":152596},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152599,152600],{},"This code:",[60,152602,152604],{"className":62,"code":152603,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152605,152606],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152607,152608,152610,152612,152614,152616,152618],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152609,49426],{"class":177},[69,152611,132],{"class":83},[69,152613,871],{"class":699},[69,152615,1275],{"class":703},[69,152617,871],{"class":699},[69,152619,166],{"class":83},[20,152621,152622],{},"returns:",[60,152624,152626],{"className":62,"code":152625,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152627,152628],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152629,152630,152632,152634,152636,152638,152640,152642,152644,152646,152648,152650,152652,152654,152656,152658,152660,152662,152664,152666,152668,152670],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152631,132],{"class":83},[69,152633,706],{"class":699},[69,152635,60915],{"class":703},[69,152637,706],{"class":699},[69,152639,91],{"class":83},[69,152641,700],{"class":699},[69,152643,60924],{"class":703},[69,152645,706],{"class":699},[69,152647,91],{"class":83},[69,152649,700],{"class":699},[69,152651,60933],{"class":703},[69,152653,706],{"class":699},[69,152655,91],{"class":83},[69,152657,700],{"class":699},[69,152659,60933],{"class":703},[69,152661,706],{"class":699},[69,152663,91],{"class":83},[69,152665,700],{"class":699},[69,152667,60950],{"class":703},[69,152669,706],{"class":699},[69,152671,166],{"class":83},[20,152673,41375,152674,152676],{},[42,152675,5334],{}," return:",[60,152678,152680],{"className":62,"code":152679,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"('hello',)\n",[15,152681,152682],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152683,152684,152686,152688,152690,152692],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152685,132],{"class":83},[69,152687,706],{"class":699},[69,152689,1275],{"class":703},[69,152691,706],{"class":699},[69,152693,149823],{"class":83},[20,152695,152696],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[60,152698,152700],{"className":62,"code":152699,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152701,152702,152719],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152703,152704,152707,152709,152711,152713,152715,152717],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152705,152706],{"class":75},"single ",[69,152708,80],{"class":79},[69,152710,441],{"class":83},[69,152712,871],{"class":699},[69,152714,1275],{"class":703},[69,152716,871],{"class":699},[69,152718,149823],{"class":83},[69,152720,152721,152723,152725,152728],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,152722,172],{"class":128},[69,152724,132],{"class":83},[69,152726,152727],{"class":146},"single",[69,152729,166],{"class":83},[377,152731,152733],{"id":152732},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152735,152600],{},[60,152737,152739],{"className":62,"code":152738,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152740,152741,152773],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152742,152743,152745,152747,152749,152751,152753,152755,152757,152759,152761,152763,152765,152767,152769,152771],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152744,9852],{"class":75},[69,152746,80],{"class":79},[69,152748,11177],{"class":83},[69,152750,871],{"class":699},[69,152752,533],{"class":703},[69,152754,871],{"class":699},[69,152756,143],{"class":83},[69,152758,1263],{"class":87},[69,152760,91],{"class":83},[69,152762,881],{"class":699},[69,152764,5465],{"class":703},[69,152766,871],{"class":699},[69,152768,143],{"class":83},[69,152770,94],{"class":87},[69,152772,9994],{"class":83},[69,152774,152775,152777,152779,152781,152783,152785],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,152776,172],{"class":128},[69,152778,132],{"class":83},[69,152780,49426],{"class":177},[69,152782,132],{"class":83},[69,152784,9891],{"class":146},[69,152786,318],{"class":83},[20,152788,152789],{},"returns only the keys:",[60,152791,152793],{"className":62,"code":152792,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152794,152795],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152796,152797,152799,152801,152803,152805,152807,152809,152811,152813],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152798,132],{"class":83},[69,152800,706],{"class":699},[69,152802,533],{"class":703},[69,152804,706],{"class":699},[69,152806,91],{"class":83},[69,152808,700],{"class":699},[69,152810,5465],{"class":703},[69,152812,706],{"class":699},[69,152814,166],{"class":83},[20,152816,152817],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[60,152819,152821],{"className":62,"code":152820,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152822,152823],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152824,152825,152827,152829,152831,152833,152835,152837,152839],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152826,172],{"class":128},[69,152828,132],{"class":83},[69,152830,49426],{"class":177},[69,152832,132],{"class":83},[69,152834,9891],{"class":146},[69,152836,537],{"class":83},[69,152838,8497],{"class":146},[69,152840,6985],{"class":83},[377,152842,152844],{"id":152843},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152846,152847,152848,152850],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152849,568],{}," conversion.",[20,152852,6172],{},[60,152854,152856],{"className":62,"code":152855,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152857,152858,152878],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,152859,152860,152862,152864,152866,152868,152870,152872,152874,152876],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,152861,3173],{"class":75},[69,152863,80],{"class":79},[69,152865,441],{"class":83},[69,152867,88],{"class":87},[69,152869,91],{"class":83},[69,152871,94],{"class":87},[69,152873,91],{"class":83},[69,152875,99],{"class":87},[69,152877,166],{"class":83},[69,152879,152880,152882,152884,152886],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,152881,172],{"class":128},[69,152883,132],{"class":83},[69,152885,3198],{"class":146},[69,152887,166],{"class":83},[20,152889,152890],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152892,26193,152893,152895],{},[15,152894,568],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[55,152897,2519],{"id":2518},[377,152899,152901],{"id":152900},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152903,152904],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[377,152906,152908],{"id":152907},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152910,152911,152912,537],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152913,8053],{},[377,152915,152917],{"id":152916},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152919,152920],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[377,152922,152924],{"id":152923},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152926,152927],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[377,152929,152931],{"id":152930},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152933,152934,152935,537],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152936,3728],{},[55,152938,2620],{"id":2619},[29,152940,152941,152945,152949,152953,152957,152961],{},[32,152942,152943],{},[533,152944,148467],{"href":148466},[32,152946,152947],{},[533,152948,151394],{"href":149770},[32,152950,152951],{},[533,152952,105531],{"href":60532},[32,152954,152955],{},[533,152956,152123],{"href":152122},[32,152958,152959],{},[533,152960,64027],{"href":64026},[32,152962,152963],{},[533,152964,62768],{"href":53074},[2650,152966,152967],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":152969},[152970,152971,152972,152973,152974,152981,152982,152983,152984,152990,152997],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":151597,"depth":120,"text":151598},{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":150143,"depth":120,"text":150144},{"id":151766,"depth":120,"text":151767,"children":152975},[152976,152977,152978,152979,152980],{"id":151770,"depth":169,"text":151771},{"id":151858,"depth":169,"text":151859},{"id":151957,"depth":169,"text":151958},{"id":152037,"depth":169,"text":152038},{"id":152126,"depth":169,"text":152127},{"id":152231,"depth":120,"text":152232},{"id":152401,"depth":120,"text":152402},{"id":152495,"depth":120,"text":152496},{"id":115795,"depth":120,"text":115796,"children":152985},[152986,152987,152988,152989],{"id":152545,"depth":169,"text":152546},{"id":152596,"depth":169,"text":152597},{"id":152732,"depth":169,"text":152733},{"id":152843,"depth":169,"text":152844},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":152991},[152992,152993,152994,152995,152996],{"id":152900,"depth":169,"text":152901},{"id":152907,"depth":169,"text":152908},{"id":152916,"depth":169,"text":152917},{"id":152923,"depth":169,"text":152924},{"id":152930,"depth":169,"text":152931},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":151452,"description":152998},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":153005,"title":153006,"body":153007,"description":154420,"extension":2697,"meta":154421,"navigation":272,"path":154422,"seo":154423,"stem":154424,"__hash__":154425},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":153008,"toc":154392},[153009,153014,153019,153022,153024,153103,153109,153114,153118,153133,153135,153182,153184,153192,153200,153206,153208,153213,153233,153236,153263,153265,153289,153291,153433,153435,153439,153447,153450,153452,153529,153531,153539,153543,153547,153557,153567,153569,153574,153576,153635,153640,153642,153742,153744,153758,153763,153769,153776,153779,153781,153891,153895,153912,153914,153977,153979,153987,153999,154003,154008,154036,154039,154121,154123,154134,154136,154140,154167,154169,154171,154251,154259,154261,154316,154318,154323,154326,154330,154334,154336,154340,154344,154352,154359,154362,154364,154389],[10,153010,148351,153012,12011],{"id":153011},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,153013,59444],{},[20,153015,153016,153018],{},[15,153017,149672],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,153020,153021],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[55,153023,58],{"id":57},[60,153025,153027],{"className":62,"code":153026,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,153028,153029,153069,153091],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,153030,153031,153033,153035,153037,153039,153041,153043,153045,153047,153049,153051,153053,153055,153057,153059,153061,153063,153065,153067],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,153032,13768],{"class":75},[69,153034,80],{"class":79},[69,153036,441],{"class":83},[69,153038,871],{"class":699},[69,153040,13785],{"class":703},[69,153042,871],{"class":699},[69,153044,91],{"class":83},[69,153046,881],{"class":699},[69,153048,13802],{"class":703},[69,153050,871],{"class":699},[69,153052,91],{"class":83},[69,153054,881],{"class":699},[69,153056,18145],{"class":703},[69,153058,871],{"class":699},[69,153060,91],{"class":83},[69,153062,881],{"class":699},[69,153064,13802],{"class":703},[69,153066,871],{"class":699},[69,153068,166],{"class":83},[69,153070,153071,153073,153075,153077,153079,153081,153083,153085,153087,153089],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,153072,65397],{"class":75},[69,153074,80],{"class":79},[69,153076,13816],{"class":75},[69,153078,537],{"class":83},[69,153080,36535],{"class":146},[69,153082,132],{"class":83},[69,153084,871],{"class":699},[69,153086,13802],{"class":703},[69,153088,871],{"class":699},[69,153090,166],{"class":83},[69,153092,153093,153095,153097,153099,153101],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,153094,172],{"class":128},[69,153096,132],{"class":83},[69,153098,65424],{"class":146},[69,153100,938],{"class":83},[69,153102,28468],{"class":189},[20,153104,153105,153108],{},[15,153106,153107],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[55,153110,202,153112,205],{"id":153111},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,153113,149672],{},[20,153115,2714,153116,12102],{},[15,153117,59444],{},[29,153119,153120,153123,153125,153128],{},[32,153121,153122],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[32,153124,128949],{},[32,153126,153127],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[32,153129,153130,153131],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,153132,1226],{},[20,153134,234],{},[60,153136,153138],{"className":62,"code":153137,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,153139,153140,153164],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,153141,153142,153144,153146,153148,153150,153152,153154,153156,153158,153160,153162],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,153143,76],{"class":75},[69,153145,80],{"class":79},[69,153147,441],{"class":83},[69,153149,444],{"class":87},[69,153151,91],{"class":83},[69,153153,454],{"class":87},[69,153155,91],{"class":83},[69,153157,8482],{"class":87},[69,153159,91],{"class":83},[69,153161,454],{"class":87},[69,153163,166],{"class":83},[69,153165,153166,153168,153170,153172,153174,153176,153178,153180],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,153167,172],{"class":128},[69,153169,132],{"class":83},[69,153171,4366],{"class":146},[69,153173,537],{"class":83},[69,153175,36535],{"class":146},[69,153177,132],{"class":83},[69,153179,522],{"class":87},[69,153181,318],{"class":83},[20,153183,321],{},[60,153185,153186],{"className":62,"code":47389,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,153187,153188],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,153189,153190],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,153191,47389],{"class":87},[20,153193,21668,153194,153196,153197,153199],{},[15,153195,522],{}," appears twice, ",[15,153198,59444],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,153201,151618,153202,537],{},[533,153203,153205],{"href":153204},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[55,153207,2888],{"id":2887},[20,153209,8451,153210,153212],{},[15,153211,59444],{}," in two ways:",[60,153214,153216],{"className":62,"code":153215,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,153217,153218],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,153219,153220,153223,153225,153227,153229,153231],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,153221,153222],{"class":75},"tuple_name",[69,153224,537],{"class":83},[69,153226,36535],{"class":146},[69,153228,132],{"class":83},[69,153230,3198],{"class":146},[69,153232,166],{"class":83},[20,153234,153235],{},"or:",[60,153237,153239],{"className":62,"code":153238,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,153240,153241],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,153242,153243,153245,153247,153249,153251,153253,153255,153257,153259,153261],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,153244,153222],{"class":75},[69,153246,537],{"class":83},[69,153248,36535],{"class":146},[69,153250,132],{"class":83},[69,153252,3198],{"class":146},[69,153254,91],{"class":83},[69,153256,36741],{"class":146},[69,153258,91],{"class":83},[69,153260,65518],{"class":146},[69,153262,166],{"class":83},[377,153264,18084],{"id":18083},[29,153266,153267,153272,153277,153282],{},[32,153268,153269,153271],{},[15,153270,3198],{}," — the item to search for",[32,153273,153274,153276],{},[15,153275,36762],{}," — optional starting position",[32,153278,153279,153281],{},[15,153280,53135],{}," — optional ending position",[32,153283,153284,5488,153286,153288],{},[15,153285,53135],{},[42,153287,65547],{}," in the search",[20,153290,234],{},[60,153292,153294],{"className":62,"code":153293,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,153295,153296,153344,153348,153373,153401],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,153297,153298,153300,153302,153304,153306,153308,153310,153312,153314,153316,153318,153320,153322,153324,153326,153328,153330,153332,153334,153336,153338,153340,153342],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,153299,36780],{"class":75},[69,153301,80],{"class":79},[69,153303,441],{"class":83},[69,153305,871],{"class":699},[69,153307,533],{"class":703},[69,153309,871],{"class":699},[69,153311,91],{"class":83},[69,153313,881],{"class":699},[69,153315,5465],{"class":703},[69,153317,871],{"class":699},[69,153319,91],{"class":83},[69,153321,881],{"class":699},[69,153323,10425],{"class":703},[69,153325,871],{"class":699},[69,153327,91],{"class":83},[69,153329,881],{"class":699},[69,153331,5465],{"class":703},[69,153333,871],{"class":699},[69,153335,91],{"class":83},[69,153337,881],{"class":699},[69,153339,19458],{"class":703},[69,153341,871],{"class":699},[69,153343,166],{"class":83},[69,153345,153346],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,153347,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,153349,153350,153352,153354,153356,153358,153360,153362,153364,153366,153368,153370],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,153351,172],{"class":128},[69,153353,132],{"class":83},[69,153355,36833],{"class":146},[69,153357,537],{"class":83},[69,153359,36535],{"class":146},[69,153361,132],{"class":83},[69,153363,871],{"class":699},[69,153365,5465],{"class":703},[69,153367,871],{"class":699},[69,153369,186],{"class":83},[69,153371,153372],{"class":189},"        # 1\n",[69,153374,153375,153377,153379,153381,153383,153385,153387,153389,153391,153393,153395,153397,153399],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,153376,172],{"class":128},[69,153378,132],{"class":83},[69,153380,36833],{"class":146},[69,153382,537],{"class":83},[69,153384,36535],{"class":146},[69,153386,132],{"class":83},[69,153388,871],{"class":699},[69,153390,5465],{"class":703},[69,153392,871],{"class":699},[69,153394,91],{"class":83},[69,153396,94],{"class":87},[69,153398,186],{"class":83},[69,153400,51392],{"class":189},[69,153402,153403,153405,153407,153409,153411,153413,153415,153417,153419,153421,153423,153425,153427,153429,153431],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,153404,172],{"class":128},[69,153406,132],{"class":83},[69,153408,36833],{"class":146},[69,153410,537],{"class":83},[69,153412,36535],{"class":146},[69,153414,132],{"class":83},[69,153416,871],{"class":699},[69,153418,5465],{"class":703},[69,153420,871],{"class":699},[69,153422,91],{"class":83},[69,153424,1263],{"class":87},[69,153426,91],{"class":83},[69,153428,99],{"class":87},[69,153430,186],{"class":83},[69,153432,28468],{"class":189},[55,153434,103858],{"id":103857},[20,153436,153437,26196],{},[15,153438,149672],{},[29,153440,153441,153444],{},[32,153442,153443],{},"An integer",[32,153445,153446],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,153448,153449],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,153451,234],{},[60,153453,153455],{"className":62,"code":153454,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,153456,153457,153497,153519],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,153458,153459,153461,153463,153465,153467,153469,153471,153473,153475,153477,153479,153481,153483,153485,153487,153489,153491,153493,153495],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,153460,108957],{"class":75},[69,153462,80],{"class":79},[69,153464,441],{"class":83},[69,153466,871],{"class":699},[69,153468,37738],{"class":703},[69,153470,871],{"class":699},[69,153472,91],{"class":83},[69,153474,881],{"class":699},[69,153476,58603],{"class":703},[69,153478,871],{"class":699},[69,153480,91],{"class":83},[69,153482,881],{"class":699},[69,153484,58620],{"class":703},[69,153486,871],{"class":699},[69,153488,91],{"class":83},[69,153490,881],{"class":699},[69,153492,58603],{"class":703},[69,153494,871],{"class":699},[69,153496,166],{"class":83},[69,153498,153499,153501,153503,153505,153507,153509,153511,153513,153515,153517],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,153500,123],{"class":75},[69,153502,80],{"class":79},[69,153504,109000],{"class":75},[69,153506,537],{"class":83},[69,153508,36535],{"class":146},[69,153510,132],{"class":83},[69,153512,871],{"class":699},[69,153514,58603],{"class":703},[69,153516,871],{"class":699},[69,153518,166],{"class":83},[69,153520,153521,153523,153525,153527],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,153522,172],{"class":128},[69,153524,132],{"class":83},[69,153526,183],{"class":146},[69,153528,166],{"class":83},[20,153530,321],{},[60,153532,153533],{"className":62,"code":47389,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,153534,153535],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,153536,153537],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,153538,47389],{"class":87},[55,153540,153542],{"id":153541},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,153544,1378,153545,11288],{},[15,153546,149672],{},[29,153548,153549,153551,153554],{},[32,153550,66576],{},[32,153552,153553],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[32,153555,153556],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,153558,153559,153560,153563,153564,537],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153561,153562],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[533,153565,150140],{"href":153566},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[55,153568,66108],{"id":66107},[20,153570,153571,153572,537],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153573,41173],{},[20,153575,234],{},[60,153577,153579],{"className":62,"code":153578,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153580,153581,153613],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,153582,153583,153585,153587,153589,153591,153593,153595,153597,153599,153601,153603,153605,153607,153609,153611],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,153584,13768],{"class":75},[69,153586,80],{"class":79},[69,153588,441],{"class":83},[69,153590,871],{"class":699},[69,153592,13785],{"class":703},[69,153594,871],{"class":699},[69,153596,91],{"class":83},[69,153598,881],{"class":699},[69,153600,13802],{"class":703},[69,153602,871],{"class":699},[69,153604,91],{"class":83},[69,153606,881],{"class":699},[69,153608,18145],{"class":703},[69,153610,871],{"class":699},[69,153612,166],{"class":83},[69,153614,153615,153617,153619,153621,153623,153625,153627,153629,153631,153633],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,153616,172],{"class":128},[69,153618,132],{"class":83},[69,153620,18192],{"class":146},[69,153622,537],{"class":83},[69,153624,36535],{"class":146},[69,153626,132],{"class":83},[69,153628,871],{"class":699},[69,153630,23213],{"class":703},[69,153632,871],{"class":699},[69,153634,318],{"class":83},[20,153636,2247,153637,153639],{},[15,153638,110282],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153641,66183],{},[60,153643,153645],{"className":62,"code":153644,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153646,153647,153679,153683,153699,153721,153727],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,153648,153649,153651,153653,153655,153657,153659,153661,153663,153665,153667,153669,153671,153673,153675,153677],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,153650,13768],{"class":75},[69,153652,80],{"class":79},[69,153654,441],{"class":83},[69,153656,871],{"class":699},[69,153658,13785],{"class":703},[69,153660,871],{"class":699},[69,153662,91],{"class":83},[69,153664,881],{"class":699},[69,153666,13802],{"class":703},[69,153668,871],{"class":699},[69,153670,91],{"class":83},[69,153672,881],{"class":699},[69,153674,18145],{"class":703},[69,153676,871],{"class":699},[69,153678,166],{"class":83},[69,153680,153681],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,153682,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,153684,153685,153687,153689,153691,153693,153695,153697],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,153686,1712],{"class":1053},[69,153688,881],{"class":699},[69,153690,23213],{"class":703},[69,153692,871],{"class":699},[69,153694,21864],{"class":79},[69,153696,13816],{"class":75},[69,153698,1579],{"class":83},[69,153700,153701,153703,153705,153707,153709,153711,153713,153715,153717,153719],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,153702,8756],{"class":128},[69,153704,132],{"class":83},[69,153706,18192],{"class":146},[69,153708,537],{"class":83},[69,153710,36535],{"class":146},[69,153712,132],{"class":83},[69,153714,871],{"class":699},[69,153716,23213],{"class":703},[69,153718,871],{"class":699},[69,153720,318],{"class":83},[69,153722,153723,153725],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,153724,28122],{"class":1053},[69,153726,1579],{"class":83},[69,153728,153729,153731,153733,153735,153738,153740],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,153730,8756],{"class":128},[69,153732,132],{"class":83},[69,153734,871],{"class":699},[69,153736,153737],{"class":703},"Value not found",[69,153739,871],{"class":699},[69,153741,166],{"class":83},[20,153743,321],{},[60,153745,153747],{"className":62,"code":153746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Value not found\n",[15,153748,153749],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,153750,153751,153754,153756],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,153752,153753],{"class":75},"Value ",[69,153755,5334],{"class":79},[69,153757,66307],{"class":75},[20,153759,153760,153761,537],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[533,153762,66317],{"href":66316},[55,153764,840,153765,5096,153767],{"id":65884},[15,153766,36762],{},[15,153768,53135],{},[20,153770,2714,153771,5096,153773,153775],{},[15,153772,36762],{},[15,153774,53135],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153777,153778],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153780,234],{},[60,153782,153784],{"className":62,"code":153783,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153785,153786,153814,153818,153839,153863],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,153787,153788,153790,153792,153794,153796,153798,153800,153802,153804,153806,153808,153810,153812],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,153789,4536],{"class":75},[69,153791,80],{"class":79},[69,153793,441],{"class":83},[69,153795,2866],{"class":87},[69,153797,91],{"class":83},[69,153799,6701],{"class":87},[69,153801,91],{"class":83},[69,153803,109],{"class":87},[69,153805,91],{"class":83},[69,153807,454],{"class":87},[69,153809,91],{"class":83},[69,153811,109],{"class":87},[69,153813,166],{"class":83},[69,153815,153816],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,153817,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,153819,153820,153822,153824,153826,153828,153830,153832,153834,153836],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,153821,172],{"class":128},[69,153823,132],{"class":83},[69,153825,6059],{"class":146},[69,153827,537],{"class":83},[69,153829,36535],{"class":146},[69,153831,132],{"class":83},[69,153833,2866],{"class":87},[69,153835,186],{"class":83},[69,153837,153838],{"class":189},"        # 0\n",[69,153840,153841,153843,153845,153847,153849,153851,153853,153855,153857,153859,153861],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,153842,172],{"class":128},[69,153844,132],{"class":83},[69,153846,6059],{"class":146},[69,153848,537],{"class":83},[69,153850,36535],{"class":146},[69,153852,132],{"class":83},[69,153854,2866],{"class":87},[69,153856,91],{"class":83},[69,153858,1263],{"class":87},[69,153860,186],{"class":83},[69,153862,51426],{"class":189},[69,153864,153865,153867,153869,153871,153873,153875,153877,153879,153881,153883,153885,153887,153889],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,153866,172],{"class":128},[69,153868,132],{"class":83},[69,153870,6059],{"class":146},[69,153872,537],{"class":83},[69,153874,36535],{"class":146},[69,153876,132],{"class":83},[69,153878,2866],{"class":87},[69,153880,91],{"class":83},[69,153882,99],{"class":87},[69,153884,91],{"class":83},[69,153886,109],{"class":87},[69,153888,186],{"class":83},[69,153890,51409],{"class":189},[377,153892,153894],{"id":153893},"how-it-works","How it works",[29,153896,153897,153902,153907],{},[32,153898,153899,153901],{},[15,153900,36762],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[32,153903,153904,153906],{},[15,153905,53135],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[32,153908,2714,153909,153911],{},[15,153910,53135],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153913,234],{},[60,153915,153917],{"className":62,"code":153916,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153918,153919,153947,153951],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,153920,153921,153923,153925,153927,153929,153931,153933,153935,153937,153939,153941,153943,153945],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,153922,4536],{"class":75},[69,153924,80],{"class":79},[69,153926,441],{"class":83},[69,153928,2866],{"class":87},[69,153930,91],{"class":83},[69,153932,6701],{"class":87},[69,153934,91],{"class":83},[69,153936,109],{"class":87},[69,153938,91],{"class":83},[69,153940,454],{"class":87},[69,153942,91],{"class":83},[69,153944,109],{"class":87},[69,153946,166],{"class":83},[69,153948,153949],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,153950,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,153952,153953,153955,153957,153959,153961,153963,153965,153967,153969,153971,153973,153975],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,153954,172],{"class":128},[69,153956,132],{"class":83},[69,153958,6059],{"class":146},[69,153960,537],{"class":83},[69,153962,36535],{"class":146},[69,153964,132],{"class":83},[69,153966,2866],{"class":87},[69,153968,91],{"class":83},[69,153970,1263],{"class":87},[69,153972,91],{"class":83},[69,153974,104],{"class":87},[69,153976,318],{"class":83},[20,153978,321],{},[60,153980,153981],{"className":62,"code":17746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,153982,153983],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,153984,153985],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,153986,17746],{"class":87},[20,153988,153989,153990,2920,153992,2574,153994,153996,153997,537],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153991,88],{},[15,153993,1155],{},[15,153995,346],{},", but not ",[15,153998,334],{},[55,154000,154002],{"id":154001},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,154004,154005,154006,143],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,154007,149672],{},[29,154009,154010,154018,154023,154030],{},[32,154011,154012,154013,154015,154016],{},"Do not confuse the ",[42,154014,3198],{}," with the ",[42,154017,36535],{},[32,154019,154020,154021],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,154022,1226],{},[32,154024,1378,154025,154029],{},[533,154026,149698,154027,11428],{"href":149750},[15,154028,57766],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[32,154031,154032,154033,154035],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,154034,153562],{}," when you already know the position",[20,154037,154038],{},"Example of value vs index:",[60,154040,154042],{"className":62,"code":154041,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,154043,154044,154076,154080,154104],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,154045,154046,154048,154050,154052,154054,154056,154058,154060,154062,154064,154066,154068,154070,154072,154074],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,154047,36929],{"class":75},[69,154049,80],{"class":79},[69,154051,441],{"class":83},[69,154053,871],{"class":699},[69,154055,874],{"class":703},[69,154057,871],{"class":699},[69,154059,91],{"class":83},[69,154061,881],{"class":699},[69,154063,893],{"class":703},[69,154065,871],{"class":699},[69,154067,91],{"class":83},[69,154069,881],{"class":699},[69,154071,33911],{"class":703},[69,154073,871],{"class":699},[69,154075,166],{"class":83},[69,154077,154078],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,154079,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,154081,154082,154084,154086,154088,154090,154092,154094,154096,154098,154100,154102],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,154083,172],{"class":128},[69,154085,132],{"class":83},[69,154087,36981],{"class":146},[69,154089,537],{"class":83},[69,154091,36535],{"class":146},[69,154093,132],{"class":83},[69,154095,871],{"class":699},[69,154097,893],{"class":703},[69,154099,871],{"class":699},[69,154101,186],{"class":83},[69,154103,28468],{"class":189},[69,154105,154106,154108,154110,154112,154114,154116,154118],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,154107,172],{"class":128},[69,154109,132],{"class":83},[69,154111,36981],{"class":146},[69,154113,331],{"class":83},[69,154115,88],{"class":87},[69,154117,21137],{"class":83},[69,154119,154120],{"class":189},"               # banana\n",[20,154122,2909],{},[29,154124,154125,154129],{},[32,154126,154127,15938],{},[15,154128,65752],{},[32,154130,154131,154133],{},[15,154132,88],{}," is the index",[55,154135,1771],{"id":1770},[20,154137,106596,154138,143],{},[15,154139,149672],{},[29,154141,154142,154145,154150,154155,154162],{},[32,154143,154144],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[32,154146,1780,154147,154149],{},[15,154148,59444],{}," to return all matching positions",[32,154151,154152,154153],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,154154,1226],{},[32,154156,154157,154158,5096,154160],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,154159,36762],{},[15,154161,53135],{},[32,154163,2309,154164,154166],{},[15,154165,149672],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[377,154168,61187],{"id":61186},[20,154170,94858],{},[60,154172,154174],{"className":62,"code":154173,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,154175,154176,154186,154200,154215,154233],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,154177,154178,154180,154182,154184],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,154179,172],{"class":128},[69,154181,132],{"class":83},[69,154183,148485],{"class":146},[69,154185,166],{"class":83},[69,154187,154188,154190,154192,154194,154196,154198],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,154189,172],{"class":128},[69,154191,132],{"class":83},[69,154193,11850],{"class":128},[69,154195,132],{"class":83},[69,154197,148485],{"class":146},[69,154199,318],{"class":83},[69,154201,154202,154204,154206,154208,154210,154213],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,154203,172],{"class":128},[69,154205,132],{"class":83},[69,154207,3173],{"class":146},[69,154209,1574],{"class":1053},[69,154211,154212],{"class":146}," my_tuple",[69,154214,166],{"class":83},[69,154216,154217,154219,154221,154223,154225,154227,154229,154231],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,154218,172],{"class":128},[69,154220,132],{"class":83},[69,154222,148485],{"class":146},[69,154224,537],{"class":83},[69,154226,41729],{"class":146},[69,154228,132],{"class":83},[69,154230,3198],{"class":146},[69,154232,318],{"class":83},[69,154234,154235,154237,154239,154241,154243,154245,154247,154249],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,154236,172],{"class":128},[69,154238,132],{"class":83},[69,154240,148485],{"class":146},[69,154242,537],{"class":83},[69,154244,36535],{"class":146},[69,154246,132],{"class":83},[69,154248,3198],{"class":146},[69,154250,318],{"class":83},[20,154252,154253,154254,84875,154256,154258],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,154255,41173],{},[15,154257,3198],{}," is missing.",[20,154260,130102],{},[60,154262,154264],{"className":62,"code":154263,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,154265,154266,154278,154296,154302],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,154267,154268,154270,154272,154274,154276],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,154269,1712],{"class":1053},[69,154271,22274],{"class":75},[69,154273,1574],{"class":79},[69,154275,154212],{"class":75},[69,154277,1579],{"class":83},[69,154279,154280,154282,154284,154286,154288,154290,154292,154294],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,154281,8756],{"class":128},[69,154283,132],{"class":83},[69,154285,148485],{"class":146},[69,154287,537],{"class":83},[69,154289,36535],{"class":146},[69,154291,132],{"class":83},[69,154293,3198],{"class":146},[69,154295,318],{"class":83},[69,154297,154298,154300],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,154299,28122],{"class":1053},[69,154301,1579],{"class":83},[69,154303,154304,154306,154308,154310,154312,154314],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,154305,8756],{"class":128},[69,154307,132],{"class":83},[69,154309,871],{"class":699},[69,154311,153737],{"class":703},[69,154313,871],{"class":699},[69,154315,166],{"class":83},[55,154317,2519],{"id":2518},[377,154319,2561,154321,13407],{"id":154320},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,154322,149672],{},[20,154324,154325],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[377,154327,154329],{"id":154328},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,154331,154332,153199],{},[15,154333,149672],{},[377,154335,149651],{"id":149650},[20,154337,77336,154338,537],{},[15,154339,41173],{},[377,154341,154343],{"id":154342},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,154345,154346,154347,5096,154349,154351],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,154348,36762],{},[15,154350,53135],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[377,154353,15595,154355,57681,154357,3218],{"id":154354},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,154356,149672],{},[15,154358,65343],{},[20,154360,154361],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[55,154363,2620],{"id":2619},[29,154365,154366,154372,154376,154381,154385],{},[32,154367,154368],{},[533,154369,149698,154370,11428],{"href":149750},[15,154371,57766],{},[32,154373,154374],{},[533,154375,150140],{"href":153566},[32,154377,154378],{},[533,154379,154380],{"href":151446},"Creating a tuple in Python",[32,154382,154383],{},[533,154384,66317],{"href":66316},[32,154386,154387],{},[533,154388,151394],{"href":153204},[2650,154390,154391],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888,"children":154398},[154399],{"id":18083,"depth":169,"text":18084},{"id":103857,"depth":120,"text":103858},{"id":153541,"depth":120,"text":153542},{"id":66107,"depth":120,"text":66108},{"id":65884,"depth":120,"text":66667,"children":154404},[154405],{"id":153893,"depth":169,"text":153894},{"id":154001,"depth":120,"text":154002},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771,"children":154408},[154409],{"id":61186,"depth":169,"text":61187},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":154411},[154412,154414,154415,154416,154417],{"id":154320,"depth":169,"text":154413},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":154328,"depth":169,"text":154329},{"id":149650,"depth":169,"text":149651},{"id":154342,"depth":169,"text":154343},{"id":154354,"depth":169,"text":154418},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":153006,"description":154420},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":154427,"title":154428,"body":154429,"description":155824,"extension":2697,"meta":155825,"navigation":272,"path":153566,"seo":155826,"stem":155827,"__hash__":155828},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":154430,"toc":155806},[154431,154434,154437,154440,154454,154456,154459,154553,154563,154569,154573,154576,154579,154581,154599,154601,154672,154674,154691,154695,154699,154702,154719,154722,154737,154739,154830,154833,154837,154840,154857,154859,154954,154957,154960,154964,154967,155061,155063,155082,155085,155089,155092,155094,155149,155151,155186,155189,155203,155211,155304,155313,155317,155320,155327,155330,155377,155379,155387,155390,155441,155443,155460,155465,155469,155472,155475,155477,155528,155531,155586,155589,155592,155594,155597,155617,155619,155692,155695,155708,155710,155714,155719,155723,155728,155745,155749,155752,155769,155773,155776,155778,155803],[10,154432,154428],{"id":154433},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,154435,154436],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,154438,154439],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[29,154441,154442,154445,154448,154451],{},[32,154443,154444],{},"positive indexes",[32,154446,154447],{},"negative indexes",[32,154449,154450],{},"common indexing mistakes",[32,154452,154453],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[55,154455,4327],{"id":4326},[20,154457,154458],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[60,154460,154462],{"className":62,"code":154461,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,154463,154464,154496,154500,154517,154534],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,154465,154466,154468,154470,154472,154474,154476,154478,154480,154482,154484,154486,154488,154490,154492,154494],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,154467,13768],{"class":75},[69,154469,80],{"class":79},[69,154471,441],{"class":83},[69,154473,871],{"class":699},[69,154475,13785],{"class":703},[69,154477,871],{"class":699},[69,154479,91],{"class":83},[69,154481,881],{"class":699},[69,154483,18145],{"class":703},[69,154485,871],{"class":699},[69,154487,91],{"class":83},[69,154489,881],{"class":699},[69,154491,13802],{"class":703},[69,154493,871],{"class":699},[69,154495,166],{"class":83},[69,154497,154498],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,154499,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,154501,154502,154504,154506,154508,154510,154512,154514],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,154503,172],{"class":128},[69,154505,132],{"class":83},[69,154507,18192],{"class":146},[69,154509,331],{"class":83},[69,154511,1226],{"class":87},[69,154513,21137],{"class":83},[69,154515,154516],{"class":189},"   # red\n",[69,154518,154519,154521,154523,154525,154527,154529,154531],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,154520,172],{"class":128},[69,154522,132],{"class":83},[69,154524,18192],{"class":146},[69,154526,331],{"class":83},[69,154528,88],{"class":87},[69,154530,21137],{"class":83},[69,154532,154533],{"class":189},"   # green\n",[69,154535,154536,154538,154540,154542,154544,154546,154548,154550],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,154537,172],{"class":128},[69,154539,132],{"class":83},[69,154541,18192],{"class":146},[69,154543,331],{"class":83},[69,154545,1972],{"class":79},[69,154547,88],{"class":87},[69,154549,21137],{"class":83},[69,154551,154552],{"class":189},"  # blue\n",[29,154554,154555,154560],{},[32,154556,132891,154557,154559],{},[15,154558,1226],{}," is the first item.",[32,154561,154562],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154564,154565,154566,537],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[533,154567,154568],{"href":148470},"how to create a tuple in Python",[55,154570,154572],{"id":154571},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154574,154575],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154577,154578],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154580,12148],{},[29,154582,154583,154586,154593,154596],{},[32,154584,154585],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[32,154587,154588,154589,19654,154591],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154590,1226],{},[15,154592,88],{},[32,154594,154595],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[32,154597,154598],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154600,234],{},[60,154602,154604],{"className":62,"code":154603,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154605,154606,154626,154630,154644,154658],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,154607,154608,154610,154612,154614,154616,154618,154620,154622,154624],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,154609,76],{"class":75},[69,154611,80],{"class":79},[69,154613,441],{"class":83},[69,154615,444],{"class":87},[69,154617,91],{"class":83},[69,154619,454],{"class":87},[69,154621,91],{"class":83},[69,154623,8482],{"class":87},[69,154625,166],{"class":83},[69,154627,154628],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,154629,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,154631,154632,154634,154636,154638,154640,154642],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,154633,172],{"class":128},[69,154635,132],{"class":83},[69,154637,4366],{"class":146},[69,154639,331],{"class":83},[69,154641,1226],{"class":87},[69,154643,618],{"class":83},[69,154645,154646,154648,154650,154652,154654,154656],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,154647,172],{"class":128},[69,154649,132],{"class":83},[69,154651,4366],{"class":146},[69,154653,331],{"class":83},[69,154655,88],{"class":87},[69,154657,618],{"class":83},[69,154659,154660,154662,154664,154666,154668,154670],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,154661,172],{"class":128},[69,154663,132],{"class":83},[69,154665,4366],{"class":146},[69,154667,331],{"class":83},[69,154669,1155],{"class":87},[69,154671,618],{"class":83},[20,154673,321],{},[60,154675,154677],{"className":62,"code":154676,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154678,154679,154683,154687],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,154680,154681],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,154682,3103],{"class":87},[69,154684,154685],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,154686,71702],{"class":87},[69,154688,154689],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,154690,70318],{"class":87},[20,154692,59869,154693,537],{},[533,154694,148467],{"href":148466},[55,154696,154698],{"id":154697},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154700,154701],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[29,154703,154704,154709,154714],{},[32,154705,154706,154708],{},[15,154707,1226],{}," = first item",[32,154710,154711,154713],{},[15,154712,88],{}," = second item",[32,154715,154716,154718],{},[15,154717,1155],{}," = third item",[20,154720,154721],{},"Pattern:",[60,154723,154725],{"className":62,"code":154724,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154726,154727],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,154728,154729,154731,154733,154735],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,154730,153222],{"class":75},[69,154732,331],{"class":83},[69,154734,36535],{"class":75},[69,154736,117],{"class":83},[20,154738,234],{},[60,154740,154742],{"className":62,"code":154741,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154743,154744,154776,154780,154797,154813],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,154745,154746,154748,154750,154752,154754,154756,154758,154760,154762,154764,154766,154768,154770,154772,154774],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,154747,36929],{"class":75},[69,154749,80],{"class":79},[69,154751,441],{"class":83},[69,154753,871],{"class":699},[69,154755,874],{"class":703},[69,154757,871],{"class":699},[69,154759,91],{"class":83},[69,154761,881],{"class":699},[69,154763,893],{"class":703},[69,154765,871],{"class":699},[69,154767,91],{"class":83},[69,154769,881],{"class":699},[69,154771,4800],{"class":703},[69,154773,871],{"class":699},[69,154775,166],{"class":83},[69,154777,154778],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,154779,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,154781,154782,154784,154786,154788,154790,154792,154794],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,154783,172],{"class":128},[69,154785,132],{"class":83},[69,154787,36981],{"class":146},[69,154789,331],{"class":83},[69,154791,1226],{"class":87},[69,154793,21137],{"class":83},[69,154795,154796],{"class":189},"  # apple\n",[69,154798,154799,154801,154803,154805,154807,154809,154811],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,154800,172],{"class":128},[69,154802,132],{"class":83},[69,154804,36981],{"class":146},[69,154806,331],{"class":83},[69,154808,88],{"class":87},[69,154810,21137],{"class":83},[69,154812,51960],{"class":189},[69,154814,154815,154817,154819,154821,154823,154825,154827],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,154816,172],{"class":128},[69,154818,132],{"class":83},[69,154820,36981],{"class":146},[69,154822,331],{"class":83},[69,154824,1155],{"class":87},[69,154826,21137],{"class":83},[69,154828,154829],{"class":189},"  # cherry\n",[20,154831,154832],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[55,154834,154836],{"id":154835},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154838,154839],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[29,154841,154842,154847,154852],{},[32,154843,154844,154846],{},[15,154845,66332],{}," = last item",[32,154848,154849,154851],{},[15,154850,95888],{}," = second-to-last item",[32,154853,154854,154856],{},[15,154855,48143],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154858,234],{},[60,154860,154862],{"className":62,"code":154861,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154863,154864,154896,154900,154918,154936],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,154865,154866,154868,154870,154872,154874,154876,154878,154880,154882,154884,154886,154888,154890,154892,154894],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,154867,36929],{"class":75},[69,154869,80],{"class":79},[69,154871,441],{"class":83},[69,154873,871],{"class":699},[69,154875,874],{"class":703},[69,154877,871],{"class":699},[69,154879,91],{"class":83},[69,154881,881],{"class":699},[69,154883,893],{"class":703},[69,154885,871],{"class":699},[69,154887,91],{"class":83},[69,154889,881],{"class":699},[69,154891,4800],{"class":703},[69,154893,871],{"class":699},[69,154895,166],{"class":83},[69,154897,154898],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,154899,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,154901,154902,154904,154906,154908,154910,154912,154914,154916],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,154903,172],{"class":128},[69,154905,132],{"class":83},[69,154907,36981],{"class":146},[69,154909,331],{"class":83},[69,154911,1972],{"class":79},[69,154913,88],{"class":87},[69,154915,21137],{"class":83},[69,154917,154829],{"class":189},[69,154919,154920,154922,154924,154926,154928,154930,154932,154934],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,154921,172],{"class":128},[69,154923,132],{"class":83},[69,154925,36981],{"class":146},[69,154927,331],{"class":83},[69,154929,1972],{"class":79},[69,154931,1155],{"class":87},[69,154933,21137],{"class":83},[69,154935,51960],{"class":189},[69,154937,154938,154940,154942,154944,154946,154948,154950,154952],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,154939,172],{"class":128},[69,154941,132],{"class":83},[69,154943,36981],{"class":146},[69,154945,331],{"class":83},[69,154947,1972],{"class":79},[69,154949,346],{"class":87},[69,154951,21137],{"class":83},[69,154953,154796],{"class":189},[20,154955,154956],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154958,154959],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[55,154961,154963],{"id":154962},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154965,154966],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[60,154968,154970],{"className":62,"code":154969,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154971,154972,155004,155008,155025,155042],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,154973,154974,154976,154978,154980,154982,154984,154986,154988,154990,154992,154994,154996,154998,155000,155002],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,154975,5699],{"class":75},[69,154977,80],{"class":79},[69,154979,441],{"class":83},[69,154981,871],{"class":699},[69,154983,13572],{"class":703},[69,154985,871],{"class":699},[69,154987,91],{"class":83},[69,154989,881],{"class":699},[69,154991,36630],{"class":703},[69,154993,871],{"class":699},[69,154995,91],{"class":83},[69,154997,881],{"class":699},[69,154999,36639],{"class":703},[69,155001,871],{"class":699},[69,155003,166],{"class":83},[69,155005,155006],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,155007,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,155009,155010,155012,155014,155016,155018,155020,155022],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,155011,172],{"class":128},[69,155013,132],{"class":83},[69,155015,5743],{"class":146},[69,155017,331],{"class":83},[69,155019,1226],{"class":87},[69,155021,21137],{"class":83},[69,155023,155024],{"class":189},"   # first item\n",[69,155026,155027,155029,155031,155033,155035,155037,155039],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,155028,172],{"class":128},[69,155030,132],{"class":83},[69,155032,5743],{"class":146},[69,155034,331],{"class":83},[69,155036,88],{"class":87},[69,155038,21137],{"class":83},[69,155040,155041],{"class":189},"   # middle item\n",[69,155043,155044,155046,155048,155050,155052,155054,155056,155058],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,155045,172],{"class":128},[69,155047,132],{"class":83},[69,155049,5743],{"class":146},[69,155051,331],{"class":83},[69,155053,1972],{"class":79},[69,155055,88],{"class":87},[69,155057,21137],{"class":83},[69,155059,155060],{"class":189},"  # last item\n",[20,155062,321],{},[60,155064,155066],{"className":62,"code":155065,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,155067,155068,155072,155077],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155069,155070],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155071,50513],{"class":75},[69,155073,155074],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,155075,155076],{"class":75},"Ben\n",[69,155078,155079],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,155080,155081],{"class":75},"Cara\n",[20,155083,155084],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[55,155086,155088],{"id":155087},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,155090,155091],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,155093,234],{},[60,155095,155097],{"className":62,"code":155096,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,155098,155099,155131,155135],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155100,155101,155103,155105,155107,155109,155111,155113,155115,155117,155119,155121,155123,155125,155127,155129],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155102,36780],{"class":75},[69,155104,80],{"class":79},[69,155106,441],{"class":83},[69,155108,871],{"class":699},[69,155110,533],{"class":703},[69,155112,871],{"class":699},[69,155114,91],{"class":83},[69,155116,881],{"class":699},[69,155118,5465],{"class":703},[69,155120,871],{"class":699},[69,155122,91],{"class":83},[69,155124,881],{"class":699},[69,155126,10425],{"class":703},[69,155128,871],{"class":699},[69,155130,166],{"class":83},[69,155132,155133],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,155134,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,155136,155137,155139,155141,155143,155145,155147],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,155138,172],{"class":128},[69,155140,132],{"class":83},[69,155142,36833],{"class":146},[69,155144,331],{"class":83},[69,155146,2866],{"class":87},[69,155148,618],{"class":83},[20,155150,321],{},[60,155152,155154],{"className":62,"code":155153,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155155,155156,155168,155173],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155157,155158,155161,155163,155166],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155159,155160],{"class":146},"Traceback ",[69,155162,132],{"class":83},[69,155164,155165],{"class":146},"most recent call last",[69,155167,1048],{"class":83},[69,155169,155170],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,155171,155172],{"class":685},"  ...\n",[69,155174,155175,155177,155179,155181,155184],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,155176,71209],{"class":177},[69,155178,143],{"class":83},[69,155180,149833],{"class":177},[69,155182,155183],{"class":75}," index out of ",[69,155185,71401],{"class":128},[20,155187,155188],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[29,155190,155191,155195,155199],{},[32,155192,155193],{},[15,155194,1226],{},[32,155196,155197],{},[15,155198,88],{},[32,155200,155201],{},[15,155202,1155],{},[20,155204,155205,155206,537],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[533,155207,155208,155210],{"href":149705},[15,155209,42831],{}," on a tuple",[60,155212,155214],{"className":62,"code":155213,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,155215,155216,155248,155252,155268,155272,155290],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155217,155218,155220,155222,155224,155226,155228,155230,155232,155234,155236,155238,155240,155242,155244,155246],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155219,36780],{"class":75},[69,155221,80],{"class":79},[69,155223,441],{"class":83},[69,155225,871],{"class":699},[69,155227,533],{"class":703},[69,155229,871],{"class":699},[69,155231,91],{"class":83},[69,155233,881],{"class":699},[69,155235,5465],{"class":703},[69,155237,871],{"class":699},[69,155239,91],{"class":83},[69,155241,881],{"class":699},[69,155243,10425],{"class":703},[69,155245,871],{"class":699},[69,155247,166],{"class":83},[69,155249,155250],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,155251,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,155253,155254,155256,155258,155260,155262,155264,155266],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,155255,172],{"class":128},[69,155257,132],{"class":83},[69,155259,11850],{"class":128},[69,155261,132],{"class":83},[69,155263,36833],{"class":146},[69,155265,186],{"class":83},[69,155267,51244],{"class":189},[69,155269,155270],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,155271,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,155273,155274,155276,155278,155280,155282,155284,155286,155288],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,155275,1712],{"class":1053},[69,155277,930],{"class":128},[69,155279,132],{"class":83},[69,155281,36833],{"class":146},[69,155283,938],{"class":83},[69,155285,941],{"class":79},[69,155287,94],{"class":87},[69,155289,1579],{"class":83},[69,155291,155292,155294,155296,155298,155300,155302],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,155293,8756],{"class":128},[69,155295,132],{"class":83},[69,155297,36833],{"class":146},[69,155299,331],{"class":83},[69,155301,1155],{"class":87},[69,155303,618],{"class":83},[20,155305,155306,155307,537],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[533,155308,26367,155310],{"href":155309},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,155311,155312],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[55,155314,155316],{"id":155315},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,155318,155319],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[29,155321,155322,155324],{},[32,155323,77353],{},[32,155325,155326],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,155328,155329],{},"Indexing example:",[60,155331,155333],{"className":62,"code":155332,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,155334,155335,155359,155363],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155336,155337,155339,155341,155343,155345,155347,155349,155351,155353,155355,155357],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155338,76],{"class":75},[69,155340,80],{"class":79},[69,155342,441],{"class":83},[69,155344,444],{"class":87},[69,155346,91],{"class":83},[69,155348,454],{"class":87},[69,155350,91],{"class":83},[69,155352,8482],{"class":87},[69,155354,91],{"class":83},[69,155356,51317],{"class":87},[69,155358,166],{"class":83},[69,155360,155361],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,155362,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,155364,155365,155367,155369,155371,155373,155375],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,155366,172],{"class":128},[69,155368,132],{"class":83},[69,155370,4366],{"class":146},[69,155372,331],{"class":83},[69,155374,88],{"class":87},[69,155376,618],{"class":83},[20,155378,321],{},[60,155380,155381],{"className":62,"code":71702,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,155382,155383],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155384,155385],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155386,71702],{"class":87},[20,155388,155389],{},"Slicing example:",[60,155391,155393],{"className":62,"code":155392,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,155394,155395,155419,155423],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155396,155397,155399,155401,155403,155405,155407,155409,155411,155413,155415,155417],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155398,76],{"class":75},[69,155400,80],{"class":79},[69,155402,441],{"class":83},[69,155404,444],{"class":87},[69,155406,91],{"class":83},[69,155408,454],{"class":87},[69,155410,91],{"class":83},[69,155412,8482],{"class":87},[69,155414,91],{"class":83},[69,155416,51317],{"class":87},[69,155418,166],{"class":83},[69,155420,155421],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,155422,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,155424,155425,155427,155429,155431,155433,155435,155437,155439],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,155426,172],{"class":128},[69,155428,132],{"class":83},[69,155430,4366],{"class":146},[69,155432,331],{"class":83},[69,155434,88],{"class":87},[69,155436,143],{"class":83},[69,155438,346],{"class":87},[69,155440,618],{"class":83},[20,155442,321],{},[60,155444,155446],{"className":62,"code":155445,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(20, 30)\n",[15,155447,155448],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155449,155450,155452,155454,155456,155458],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155451,132],{"class":83},[69,155453,522],{"class":87},[69,155455,91],{"class":83},[69,155457,8482],{"class":87},[69,155459,166],{"class":83},[20,155461,155462,155463,537],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[533,155464,151384],{"href":151383},[55,155466,155468],{"id":155467},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,155470,155471],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,155473,155474],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,155476,7376],{},[60,155478,155480],{"className":62,"code":155479,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,155481,155482,155514],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155483,155484,155486,155488,155490,155492,155494,155496,155498,155500,155502,155504,155506,155508,155510,155512],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155485,13768],{"class":75},[69,155487,80],{"class":79},[69,155489,441],{"class":83},[69,155491,871],{"class":699},[69,155493,13785],{"class":703},[69,155495,871],{"class":699},[69,155497,91],{"class":83},[69,155499,881],{"class":699},[69,155501,18145],{"class":703},[69,155503,871],{"class":699},[69,155505,91],{"class":83},[69,155507,881],{"class":699},[69,155509,13802],{"class":703},[69,155511,871],{"class":699},[69,155513,166],{"class":83},[69,155515,155516,155518,155520,155522,155524,155526],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,155517,172],{"class":128},[69,155519,132],{"class":83},[69,155521,18192],{"class":146},[69,155523,331],{"class":83},[69,155525,88],{"class":87},[69,155527,618],{"class":83},[20,155529,155530],{},"But this does not work:",[60,155532,155534],{"className":62,"code":155533,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,155535,155536,155568],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155537,155538,155540,155542,155544,155546,155548,155550,155552,155554,155556,155558,155560,155562,155564,155566],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155539,13768],{"class":75},[69,155541,80],{"class":79},[69,155543,441],{"class":83},[69,155545,871],{"class":699},[69,155547,13785],{"class":703},[69,155549,871],{"class":699},[69,155551,91],{"class":83},[69,155553,881],{"class":699},[69,155555,18145],{"class":703},[69,155557,871],{"class":699},[69,155559,91],{"class":83},[69,155561,881],{"class":699},[69,155563,13802],{"class":703},[69,155565,871],{"class":699},[69,155567,166],{"class":83},[69,155569,155570,155572,155574,155576,155578,155580,155582,155584],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,155571,18192],{"class":75},[69,155573,331],{"class":83},[69,155575,88],{"class":87},[69,155577,13966],{"class":83},[69,155579,13969],{"class":79},[69,155581,881],{"class":699},[69,155583,23213],{"class":703},[69,155585,4079],{"class":699},[20,155587,155588],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155590,155591],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[55,155593,1771],{"id":1770},[20,155595,155596],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[29,155598,155599,155605,155608,155611],{},[32,155600,133195,155601,11780,155603],{},[15,155602,88],{},[15,155604,1226],{},[32,155606,155607],{},"Using an index that is too large",[32,155609,155610],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[32,155612,155613,155614],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155615,155616],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155618,62772],{},[60,155620,155622],{"className":62,"code":155621,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155623,155624,155634,155648,155662,155678],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155625,155626,155628,155630,155632],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155627,172],{"class":128},[69,155629,132],{"class":83},[69,155631,148485],{"class":146},[69,155633,166],{"class":83},[69,155635,155636,155638,155640,155642,155644,155646],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,155637,172],{"class":128},[69,155639,132],{"class":83},[69,155641,11850],{"class":128},[69,155643,132],{"class":83},[69,155645,148485],{"class":146},[69,155647,318],{"class":83},[69,155649,155650,155652,155654,155656,155658,155660],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,155651,172],{"class":128},[69,155653,132],{"class":83},[69,155655,148485],{"class":146},[69,155657,331],{"class":83},[69,155659,1226],{"class":87},[69,155661,618],{"class":83},[69,155663,155664,155666,155668,155670,155672,155674,155676],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,155665,172],{"class":128},[69,155667,132],{"class":83},[69,155669,148485],{"class":146},[69,155671,331],{"class":83},[69,155673,1972],{"class":79},[69,155675,88],{"class":87},[69,155677,618],{"class":83},[69,155679,155680,155682,155684,155686,155688,155690],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,155681,172],{"class":128},[69,155683,132],{"class":83},[69,155685,641],{"class":177},[69,155687,132],{"class":83},[69,155689,148485],{"class":146},[69,155691,318],{"class":83},[20,155693,155694],{},"These can help you confirm:",[29,155696,155697,155700,155702,155705],{},[32,155698,155699],{},"what the tuple contains",[32,155701,61261],{},[32,155703,155704],{},"what the first and last items are",[32,155706,155707],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[55,155709,2519],{"id":2518},[377,155711,155713],{"id":155712},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155715,155716,155717,537],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155718,1226],{},[377,155720,155722],{"id":155721},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155724,1378,155725,155727],{},[15,155726,66332],{}," as the index:",[60,155729,155731],{"className":62,"code":155730,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155732,155733],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155734,155735,155737,155739,155741,155743],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155736,148485],{"class":75},[69,155738,331],{"class":83},[69,155740,1972],{"class":79},[69,155742,88],{"class":87},[69,155744,117],{"class":83},[377,155746,155748],{"id":155747},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155750,155751],{},"Python raises:",[60,155753,155755],{"className":62,"code":155754,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155756,155757],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155758,155759,155761,155763,155765,155767],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155760,71209],{"class":177},[69,155762,143],{"class":83},[69,155764,149833],{"class":177},[69,155766,155183],{"class":75},[69,155768,71401],{"class":128},[377,155770,155772],{"id":155771},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155774,155775],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[55,155777,2620],{"id":2619},[29,155779,155780,155785,155789,155793,155799],{},[32,155781,155782],{},[533,155783,155784],{"href":148470},"How to create a tuple in Python",[32,155786,155787],{},[533,155788,151384],{"href":151383},[32,155790,155791],{},[533,155792,151389],{"href":149705},[32,155794,155795],{},[533,155796,26810,155797],{"href":155309},[15,155798,155312],{},[32,155800,155801],{},[533,155802,148467],{"href":148466},[2650,155804,155805],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":155807},[155808,155809,155810,155811,155812,155813,155814,155815,155816,155817,155823],{"id":4326,"depth":120,"text":4327},{"id":154571,"depth":120,"text":154572},{"id":154697,"depth":120,"text":154698},{"id":154835,"depth":120,"text":154836},{"id":154962,"depth":120,"text":154963},{"id":155087,"depth":120,"text":155088},{"id":155315,"depth":120,"text":155316},{"id":155467,"depth":120,"text":155468},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":155818},[155819,155820,155821,155822],{"id":155712,"depth":169,"text":155713},{"id":155721,"depth":169,"text":155722},{"id":155747,"depth":169,"text":155748},{"id":155771,"depth":169,"text":155772},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":154428,"description":155824},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155830,"title":155831,"body":155832,"description":157721,"extension":2697,"meta":157722,"navigation":272,"path":157723,"seo":157724,"stem":157725,"__hash__":157726},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155833,"toc":157678},[155834,155840,155845,155896,155900,155908,155914,155916,155932,155934,155937,155952,155954,155967,155969,156026,156030,156038,156045,156051,156057,156061,156112,156116,156124,156128,156157,156161,156169,156173,156206,156210,156218,156222,156225,156276,156280,156288,156290,156307,156311,156315,156374,156378,156386,156389,156416,156420,156428,156432,156438,156513,156517,156554,156562,156566,156629,156633,156641,156646,156650,156656,156699,156703,156711,156717,156720,156767,156771,156779,156788,156794,156849,156853,156861,156864,156868,156870,156901,156905,156924,156927,156972,156976,156999,157005,157010,157012,157059,157064,157067,157115,157119,157127,157131,157136,157140,157190,157194,157209,157213,157271,157275,157290,157294,157365,157369,157378,157382,157461,157465,157487,157495,157497,157500,157525,157527,157580,157582,157599,157601,157605,157611,157616,157621,157625,157630,157634,157639,157645,157648,157650,157675],[10,155835,155837,155838,938],{"id":155836},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155839,11850],{},[20,155841,1378,155842,155844],{},[15,155843,42831],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[60,155846,155848],{"className":62,"code":155847,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155849,155850,155882],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155851,155852,155854,155856,155858,155860,155862,155864,155866,155868,155870,155872,155874,155876,155878,155880],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155853,13768],{"class":75},[69,155855,80],{"class":79},[69,155857,441],{"class":83},[69,155859,871],{"class":699},[69,155861,13785],{"class":703},[69,155863,871],{"class":699},[69,155865,91],{"class":83},[69,155867,881],{"class":699},[69,155869,18145],{"class":703},[69,155871,871],{"class":699},[69,155873,91],{"class":83},[69,155875,881],{"class":699},[69,155877,13802],{"class":703},[69,155879,871],{"class":699},[69,155881,166],{"class":83},[69,155883,155884,155886,155888,155890,155892,155894],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,155885,172],{"class":128},[69,155887,132],{"class":83},[69,155889,11850],{"class":128},[69,155891,132],{"class":83},[69,155893,18192],{"class":146},[69,155895,318],{"class":83},[20,155897,155898],{},[42,155899,321],{},[60,155901,155902],{"className":62,"code":47089,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,155903,155904],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155905,155906],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155907,47089],{"class":87},[20,155909,1378,155910,155913],{},[15,155911,155912],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[55,155915,15855],{"id":15854},[29,155917,155918,155923,155927,155930],{},[32,155919,4902,155920,155922],{},[15,155921,42831],{}," works with tuples",[32,155924,68736,155925,12396],{},[15,155926,42831],{},[32,155928,155929],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[32,155931,5222],{},[55,155933,2888],{"id":2887},[20,155935,155936],{},"Use this pattern:",[60,155938,155940],{"className":62,"code":155939,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155941,155942],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155943,155944,155946,155948,155950],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155945,11850],{"class":128},[69,155947,132],{"class":83},[69,155949,148485],{"class":146},[69,155951,166],{"class":83},[20,155953,12148],{},[29,155955,155956,155959,155962],{},[32,155957,155958],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[32,155960,155961],{},"The result is an integer",[32,155963,155964,155966],{},[15,155965,42831],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155968,234],{},[60,155970,155972],{"className":62,"code":155971,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155973,155974,155998,156012,156016],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,155975,155976,155978,155980,155982,155984,155986,155988,155990,155992,155994,155996],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,155977,76],{"class":75},[69,155979,80],{"class":79},[69,155981,441],{"class":83},[69,155983,444],{"class":87},[69,155985,91],{"class":83},[69,155987,454],{"class":87},[69,155989,91],{"class":83},[69,155991,8482],{"class":87},[69,155993,91],{"class":83},[69,155995,51317],{"class":87},[69,155997,166],{"class":83},[69,155999,156000,156002,156004,156006,156008,156010],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,156001,41711],{"class":75},[69,156003,80],{"class":79},[69,156005,930],{"class":128},[69,156007,132],{"class":83},[69,156009,4366],{"class":146},[69,156011,166],{"class":83},[69,156013,156014],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,156015,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,156017,156018,156020,156022,156024],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,156019,172],{"class":128},[69,156021,132],{"class":83},[69,156023,41729],{"class":146},[69,156025,166],{"class":83},[20,156027,156028],{},[42,156029,321],{},[60,156031,156032],{"className":62,"code":49123,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,156033,156034],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156035,156036],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156037,49123],{"class":87},[20,156039,156040,156041,537],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[533,156042,13,156043,2515],{"href":42828},[15,156044,42831],{},[55,156046,202,156048,156050],{"id":156047},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,156049,42831],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,156052,156053,156054,156056],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,156055,42831],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[377,156058,156060],{"id":156059},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[60,156062,156064],{"className":62,"code":156063,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,156065,156066,156098],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156067,156068,156070,156072,156074,156076,156078,156080,156082,156084,156086,156088,156090,156092,156094,156096],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156069,36929],{"class":75},[69,156071,80],{"class":79},[69,156073,441],{"class":83},[69,156075,871],{"class":699},[69,156077,874],{"class":703},[69,156079,871],{"class":699},[69,156081,91],{"class":83},[69,156083,881],{"class":699},[69,156085,893],{"class":703},[69,156087,871],{"class":699},[69,156089,91],{"class":83},[69,156091,881],{"class":699},[69,156093,33911],{"class":703},[69,156095,871],{"class":699},[69,156097,166],{"class":83},[69,156099,156100,156102,156104,156106,156108,156110],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,156101,172],{"class":128},[69,156103,132],{"class":83},[69,156105,11850],{"class":128},[69,156107,132],{"class":83},[69,156109,36981],{"class":146},[69,156111,318],{"class":83},[20,156113,156114],{},[42,156115,321],{},[60,156117,156118],{"className":62,"code":47089,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,156119,156120],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156121,156122],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156123,47089],{"class":87},[377,156125,156127],{"id":156126},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[60,156129,156131],{"className":62,"code":156130,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,156132,156133,156142],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156134,156135,156138,156140],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156136,156137],{"class":75},"empty_tuple ",[69,156139,80],{"class":79},[69,156141,149809],{"class":83},[69,156143,156144,156146,156148,156150,156152,156155],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,156145,172],{"class":128},[69,156147,132],{"class":83},[69,156149,11850],{"class":128},[69,156151,132],{"class":83},[69,156153,156154],{"class":146},"empty_tuple",[69,156156,318],{"class":83},[20,156158,156159],{},[42,156160,321],{},[60,156162,156163],{"className":62,"code":47724,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,156164,156165],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156166,156167],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156168,47724],{"class":87},[377,156170,156172],{"id":156171},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[60,156174,156176],{"className":62,"code":156175,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,156177,156178,156191],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156179,156180,156183,156185,156187,156189],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156181,156182],{"class":75},"single_value ",[69,156184,80],{"class":79},[69,156186,441],{"class":83},[69,156188,2866],{"class":87},[69,156190,149823],{"class":83},[69,156192,156193,156195,156197,156199,156201,156204],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,156194,172],{"class":128},[69,156196,132],{"class":83},[69,156198,11850],{"class":128},[69,156200,132],{"class":83},[69,156202,156203],{"class":146},"single_value",[69,156205,318],{"class":83},[20,156207,156208],{},[42,156209,321],{},[60,156211,156212],{"className":62,"code":47389,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,156213,156214],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156215,156216],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156217,47389],{"class":87},[377,156219,156221],{"id":156220},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,156223,156224],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[60,156226,156228],{"className":62,"code":156227,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,156229,156230,156262],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156231,156232,156234,156236,156238,156240,156242,156244,156246,156248,156250,156252,156254,156256,156258,156260],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156233,9852],{"class":75},[69,156235,80],{"class":79},[69,156237,441],{"class":83},[69,156239,88],{"class":87},[69,156241,91],{"class":83},[69,156243,441],{"class":83},[69,156245,1155],{"class":87},[69,156247,91],{"class":83},[69,156249,99],{"class":87},[69,156251,9920],{"class":83},[69,156253,84],{"class":83},[69,156255,334],{"class":87},[69,156257,91],{"class":83},[69,156259,109],{"class":87},[69,156261,618],{"class":83},[69,156263,156264,156266,156268,156270,156272,156274],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,156265,172],{"class":128},[69,156267,132],{"class":83},[69,156269,11850],{"class":128},[69,156271,132],{"class":83},[69,156273,9891],{"class":146},[69,156275,318],{"class":83},[20,156277,156278],{},[42,156279,321],{},[60,156281,156282],{"className":62,"code":47089,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,156283,156284],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156285,156286],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156287,47089],{"class":87},[20,156289,20648],{},[29,156291,156292,156297,156302],{},[32,156293,156294,156296],{},[15,156295,88],{}," is one item",[32,156298,156299,156296],{},[15,156300,156301],{},"(2, 3)",[32,156303,156304,156296],{},[15,156305,156306],{},"[4, 5]",[55,156308,156310],{"id":156309},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[377,156312,156314],{"id":156313},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[60,156316,156318],{"className":62,"code":156317,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,156319,156320,156360],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156321,156322,156324,156326,156328,156330,156332,156334,156336,156338,156340,156342,156344,156346,156348,156350,156352,156354,156356,156358],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156323,13768],{"class":75},[69,156325,80],{"class":79},[69,156327,441],{"class":83},[69,156329,871],{"class":699},[69,156331,13785],{"class":703},[69,156333,871],{"class":699},[69,156335,91],{"class":83},[69,156337,881],{"class":699},[69,156339,18145],{"class":703},[69,156341,871],{"class":699},[69,156343,91],{"class":83},[69,156345,881],{"class":699},[69,156347,13802],{"class":703},[69,156349,871],{"class":699},[69,156351,91],{"class":83},[69,156353,881],{"class":699},[69,156355,23213],{"class":703},[69,156357,871],{"class":699},[69,156359,166],{"class":83},[69,156361,156362,156364,156366,156368,156370,156372],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,156363,172],{"class":128},[69,156365,132],{"class":83},[69,156367,11850],{"class":128},[69,156369,132],{"class":83},[69,156371,18192],{"class":146},[69,156373,318],{"class":83},[20,156375,156376],{},[42,156377,321],{},[60,156379,156380],{"className":62,"code":49123,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,156381,156382],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156383,156384],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156385,49123],{"class":87},[377,156387,156127],{"id":156388},"empty-tuple-1",[60,156390,156392],{"className":62,"code":156391,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,156393,156394,156402],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156395,156396,156398,156400],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156397,1252],{"class":75},[69,156399,80],{"class":79},[69,156401,149809],{"class":83},[69,156403,156404,156406,156408,156410,156412,156414],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,156405,172],{"class":128},[69,156407,132],{"class":83},[69,156409,11850],{"class":128},[69,156411,132],{"class":83},[69,156413,8497],{"class":146},[69,156415,318],{"class":83},[20,156417,156418],{},[42,156419,321],{},[60,156421,156422],{"className":62,"code":47724,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,156423,156424],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156425,156426],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156427,47724],{"class":87},[377,156429,156431],{"id":156430},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,156433,156434,156435,156437],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[42,156436,5334],{}," always a tuple.",[60,156439,156441],{"className":62,"code":156440,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,156442,156443,156455,156467,156471,156485,156499],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156444,156445,156447,156449,156451,156453],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156446,3280],{"class":75},[69,156448,80],{"class":79},[69,156450,441],{"class":83},[69,156452,2866],{"class":87},[69,156454,166],{"class":83},[69,156456,156457,156459,156461,156463,156465],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,156458,3308],{"class":75},[69,156460,80],{"class":79},[69,156462,441],{"class":83},[69,156464,2866],{"class":87},[69,156466,149823],{"class":83},[69,156468,156469],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,156470,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,156472,156473,156475,156477,156479,156481,156483],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,156474,172],{"class":128},[69,156476,132],{"class":83},[69,156478,641],{"class":177},[69,156480,132],{"class":83},[69,156482,533],{"class":146},[69,156484,318],{"class":83},[69,156486,156487,156489,156491,156493,156495,156497],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,156488,172],{"class":128},[69,156490,132],{"class":83},[69,156492,641],{"class":177},[69,156494,132],{"class":83},[69,156496,5465],{"class":146},[69,156498,318],{"class":83},[69,156500,156501,156503,156505,156507,156509,156511],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,156502,172],{"class":128},[69,156504,132],{"class":83},[69,156506,11850],{"class":128},[69,156508,132],{"class":83},[69,156510,5465],{"class":146},[69,156512,318],{"class":83},[20,156514,156515],{},[42,156516,321],{},[60,156518,156520],{"className":62,"code":156519,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156521,156522,156536,156550],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156523,156524,156526,156528,156530,156532,156534],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156525,674],{"class":79},[69,156527,696],{"class":135},[69,156529,700],{"class":699},[69,156531,2919],{"class":703},[69,156533,706],{"class":699},[69,156535,689],{"class":79},[69,156537,156538,156540,156542,156544,156546,156548],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,156539,674],{"class":79},[69,156541,696],{"class":135},[69,156543,700],{"class":699},[69,156545,49426],{"class":703},[69,156547,706],{"class":699},[69,156549,689],{"class":79},[69,156551,156552],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,156553,47389],{"class":87},[20,156555,156556,156557,5096,156560,537],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[533,156558,156559],{"href":148470},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[533,156561,149771],{"href":149770},[377,156563,156565],{"id":156564},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[60,156567,156569],{"className":62,"code":156568,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156570,156571,156615],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156572,156573,156575,156577,156579,156581,156583,156585,156587,156589,156591,156593,156595,156597,156599,156601,156603,156605,156607,156609,156611,156613],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156574,59949],{"class":75},[69,156576,80],{"class":79},[69,156578,441],{"class":83},[69,156580,871],{"class":699},[69,156582,874],{"class":703},[69,156584,871],{"class":699},[69,156586,91],{"class":83},[69,156588,84],{"class":83},[69,156590,88],{"class":87},[69,156592,91],{"class":83},[69,156594,94],{"class":87},[69,156596,18752],{"class":83},[69,156598,441],{"class":83},[69,156600,871],{"class":699},[69,156602,2904],{"class":703},[69,156604,871],{"class":699},[69,156606,91],{"class":83},[69,156608,881],{"class":699},[69,156610,12436],{"class":703},[69,156612,871],{"class":699},[69,156614,318],{"class":83},[69,156616,156617,156619,156621,156623,156625,156627],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,156618,172],{"class":128},[69,156620,132],{"class":83},[69,156622,11850],{"class":128},[69,156624,132],{"class":83},[69,156626,60002],{"class":146},[69,156628,318],{"class":83},[20,156630,156631],{},[42,156632,321],{},[60,156634,156635],{"className":62,"code":47089,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,156636,156637],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156638,156639],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156640,47089],{"class":87},[20,156642,156643,156645],{},[15,156644,42831],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[55,156647,156649],{"id":156648},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[377,156651,156653,156655],{"id":156652},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156654,42831],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[60,156657,156659],{"className":62,"code":156658,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156660,156661,156685],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156662,156663,156665,156667,156669,156671,156673,156675,156677,156679,156681,156683],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156664,864],{"class":75},[69,156666,80],{"class":79},[69,156668,441],{"class":83},[69,156670,871],{"class":699},[69,156672,64073],{"class":703},[69,156674,871],{"class":699},[69,156676,91],{"class":83},[69,156678,881],{"class":699},[69,156680,64],{"class":703},[69,156682,871],{"class":699},[69,156684,166],{"class":83},[69,156686,156687,156689,156691,156693,156695,156697],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,156688,172],{"class":128},[69,156690,132],{"class":83},[69,156692,11850],{"class":128},[69,156694,132],{"class":83},[69,156696,4817],{"class":146},[69,156698,318],{"class":83},[20,156700,156701],{},[42,156702,321],{},[60,156704,156705],{"className":62,"code":17746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,156706,156707],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156708,156709],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156710,17746],{"class":87},[20,156712,156713,156714,156716],{},"This result is ",[15,156715,1155],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156718,156719],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[60,156721,156723],{"className":62,"code":156722,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156724,156725,156749],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156726,156727,156729,156731,156733,156735,156737,156739,156741,156743,156745,156747],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156728,864],{"class":75},[69,156730,80],{"class":79},[69,156732,441],{"class":83},[69,156734,871],{"class":699},[69,156736,64073],{"class":703},[69,156738,871],{"class":699},[69,156740,91],{"class":83},[69,156742,881],{"class":699},[69,156744,64],{"class":703},[69,156746,871],{"class":699},[69,156748,166],{"class":83},[69,156750,156751,156753,156755,156757,156759,156761,156763,156765],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,156752,172],{"class":128},[69,156754,132],{"class":83},[69,156756,11850],{"class":128},[69,156758,132],{"class":83},[69,156760,4817],{"class":146},[69,156762,331],{"class":83},[69,156764,1226],{"class":87},[69,156766,2201],{"class":83},[20,156768,156769],{},[42,156770,321],{},[60,156772,156773],{"className":62,"code":17746,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,156774,156775],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156776,156777],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156778,17746],{"class":87},[20,156780,1168,156781,156784,156785,537],{},[15,156782,156783],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156786,156787],{},"\"hi\"",[377,156789,156791,156793],{"id":156790},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156792,42831],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[60,156795,156797],{"className":62,"code":156796,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156798,156799,156835],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156800,156801,156803,156805,156807,156809,156811,156813,156815,156817,156819,156821,156823,156825,156827,156829,156831,156833],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156802,4536],{"class":75},[69,156804,80],{"class":79},[69,156806,10681],{"class":83},[69,156808,88],{"class":87},[69,156810,91],{"class":83},[69,156812,94],{"class":87},[69,156814,9920],{"class":83},[69,156816,441],{"class":83},[69,156818,346],{"class":87},[69,156820,91],{"class":83},[69,156822,104],{"class":87},[69,156824,9920],{"class":83},[69,156826,441],{"class":83},[69,156828,2866],{"class":87},[69,156830,91],{"class":83},[69,156832,114],{"class":87},[69,156834,318],{"class":83},[69,156836,156837,156839,156841,156843,156845,156847],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,156838,172],{"class":128},[69,156840,132],{"class":83},[69,156842,11850],{"class":128},[69,156844,132],{"class":83},[69,156846,6059],{"class":146},[69,156848,318],{"class":83},[20,156850,156851],{},[42,156852,321],{},[60,156854,156855],{"className":62,"code":47089,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,156856,156857],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156858,156859],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156860,47089],{"class":87},[20,156862,156863],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[377,156865,156867],{"id":156866},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156869,26378],{},[60,156871,156873],{"className":62,"code":156872,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156874,156875,156887],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156876,156877,156879,156881,156883,156885],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156878,3173],{"class":75},[69,156880,80],{"class":79},[69,156882,441],{"class":83},[69,156884,444],{"class":87},[69,156886,166],{"class":83},[69,156888,156889,156891,156893,156895,156897,156899],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,156890,172],{"class":128},[69,156892,132],{"class":83},[69,156894,641],{"class":177},[69,156896,132],{"class":83},[69,156898,3198],{"class":146},[69,156900,318],{"class":83},[20,156902,156903],{},[42,156904,321],{},[60,156906,156908],{"className":62,"code":156907,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156909,156910],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156911,156912,156914,156916,156918,156920,156922],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156913,674],{"class":79},[69,156915,696],{"class":135},[69,156917,700],{"class":699},[69,156919,2919],{"class":703},[69,156921,706],{"class":699},[69,156923,689],{"class":79},[20,156925,156926],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[60,156928,156930],{"className":62,"code":156929,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156931,156932,156944,156958],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156933,156934,156936,156938,156940,156942],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156935,3173],{"class":75},[69,156937,80],{"class":79},[69,156939,441],{"class":83},[69,156941,444],{"class":87},[69,156943,149823],{"class":83},[69,156945,156946,156948,156950,156952,156954,156956],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,156947,172],{"class":128},[69,156949,132],{"class":83},[69,156951,641],{"class":177},[69,156953,132],{"class":83},[69,156955,3198],{"class":146},[69,156957,318],{"class":83},[69,156959,156960,156962,156964,156966,156968,156970],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,156961,172],{"class":128},[69,156963,132],{"class":83},[69,156965,11850],{"class":128},[69,156967,132],{"class":83},[69,156969,3198],{"class":146},[69,156971,318],{"class":83},[20,156973,156974],{},[42,156975,321],{},[60,156977,156979],{"className":62,"code":156978,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156980,156981,156995],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,156982,156983,156985,156987,156989,156991,156993],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,156984,674],{"class":79},[69,156986,696],{"class":135},[69,156988,700],{"class":699},[69,156990,49426],{"class":703},[69,156992,706],{"class":699},[69,156994,689],{"class":79},[69,156996,156997],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,156998,47389],{"class":87},[377,157000,157002,157004],{"id":157001},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,157003,11850],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,157006,44900,157007,157009],{},[15,157008,11850],{}," as a variable name.",[20,157011,44931],{},[60,157013,157015],{"className":62,"code":157014,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,157016,157017,157025,157045],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157018,157019,157021,157023],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157020,11850],{"class":128},[69,157022,13969],{"class":79},[69,157024,3313],{"class":87},[69,157026,157027,157029,157031,157033,157035,157037,157039,157041,157043],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,157028,76],{"class":75},[69,157030,80],{"class":79},[69,157032,441],{"class":83},[69,157034,88],{"class":87},[69,157036,91],{"class":83},[69,157038,94],{"class":87},[69,157040,91],{"class":83},[69,157042,99],{"class":87},[69,157044,166],{"class":83},[69,157046,157047,157049,157051,157053,157055,157057],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,157048,172],{"class":128},[69,157050,132],{"class":83},[69,157052,11850],{"class":128},[69,157054,132],{"class":83},[69,157056,4366],{"class":146},[69,157058,318],{"class":83},[20,157060,2247,157061,157063],{},[15,157062,11850],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,157065,157066],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[60,157068,157070],{"className":62,"code":157069,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,157071,157072,157081,157101],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157073,157074,157077,157079],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157075,157076],{"class":75},"length_value ",[69,157078,80],{"class":79},[69,157080,3313],{"class":87},[69,157082,157083,157085,157087,157089,157091,157093,157095,157097,157099],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,157084,76],{"class":75},[69,157086,80],{"class":79},[69,157088,441],{"class":83},[69,157090,88],{"class":87},[69,157092,91],{"class":83},[69,157094,94],{"class":87},[69,157096,91],{"class":83},[69,157098,99],{"class":87},[69,157100,166],{"class":83},[69,157102,157103,157105,157107,157109,157111,157113],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,157104,172],{"class":128},[69,157106,132],{"class":83},[69,157108,11850],{"class":128},[69,157110,132],{"class":83},[69,157112,4366],{"class":146},[69,157114,318],{"class":83},[20,157116,157117],{},[42,157118,321],{},[60,157120,157121],{"className":62,"code":47089,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,157122,157123],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157124,157125],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157126,47089],{"class":87},[55,157128,157130],{"id":157129},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,157132,157133,157135],{},[15,157134,42831],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[377,157137,157139],{"id":157138},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[60,157141,157143],{"className":62,"code":157142,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,157144,157145,157153,157157,157175],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157146,157147,157149,157151],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157148,1252],{"class":75},[69,157150,80],{"class":79},[69,157152,149809],{"class":83},[69,157154,157155],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,157156,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,157158,157159,157161,157163,157165,157167,157169,157171,157173],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,157160,1712],{"class":1053},[69,157162,930],{"class":128},[69,157164,132],{"class":83},[69,157166,8497],{"class":146},[69,157168,938],{"class":83},[69,157170,155],{"class":79},[69,157172,158],{"class":87},[69,157174,1579],{"class":83},[69,157176,157177,157179,157181,157183,157186,157188],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,157178,8756],{"class":128},[69,157180,132],{"class":83},[69,157182,871],{"class":699},[69,157184,157185],{"class":703},"The tuple is empty",[69,157187,871],{"class":699},[69,157189,166],{"class":83},[20,157191,157192],{},[42,157193,321],{},[60,157195,157197],{"className":62,"code":157196,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,157198,157199],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157200,157201,157203,157205,157207],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157202,2714],{"class":75},[69,157204,49426],{"class":177},[69,157206,8783],{"class":79},[69,157208,8789],{"class":75},[377,157210,157212],{"id":157211},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[60,157214,157216],{"className":62,"code":157215,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,157217,157218,157234,157238,157256],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157219,157220,157222,157224,157226,157228,157230,157232],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157221,51859],{"class":75},[69,157223,80],{"class":79},[69,157225,441],{"class":83},[69,157227,334],{"class":87},[69,157229,91],{"class":83},[69,157231,6690],{"class":87},[69,157233,166],{"class":83},[69,157235,157236],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,157237,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,157239,157240,157242,157244,157246,157248,157250,157252,157254],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,157241,1712],{"class":1053},[69,157243,930],{"class":128},[69,157245,132],{"class":83},[69,157247,51884],{"class":146},[69,157249,938],{"class":83},[69,157251,155],{"class":79},[69,157253,94],{"class":87},[69,157255,1579],{"class":83},[69,157257,157258,157260,157262,157264,157267,157269],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,157259,8756],{"class":128},[69,157261,132],{"class":83},[69,157263,871],{"class":699},[69,157265,157266],{"class":703},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[69,157268,871],{"class":699},[69,157270,166],{"class":83},[20,157272,157273],{},[42,157274,321],{},[60,157276,157278],{"className":62,"code":157277,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,157279,157280],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157281,157282,157285,157287],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157283,157284],{"class":75},"This looks like an x",[69,157286,91],{"class":83},[69,157288,157289],{"class":75}," y coordinate\n",[377,157291,157293],{"id":157292},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[60,157295,157297],{"className":62,"code":157296,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,157298,157299,157328,157332,157350],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157300,157301,157303,157305,157307,157309,157311,157313,157315,157317,157319,157321,157324,157326],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157302,12178],{"class":75},[69,157304,80],{"class":79},[69,157306,441],{"class":83},[69,157308,871],{"class":699},[69,157310,13572],{"class":703},[69,157312,871],{"class":699},[69,157314,91],{"class":83},[69,157316,459],{"class":87},[69,157318,91],{"class":83},[69,157320,881],{"class":699},[69,157322,157323],{"class":703},"Canada",[69,157325,871],{"class":699},[69,157327,166],{"class":83},[69,157329,157330],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,157331,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,157333,157334,157336,157338,157340,157342,157344,157346,157348],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,157335,1712],{"class":1053},[69,157337,930],{"class":128},[69,157339,132],{"class":83},[69,157341,12272],{"class":146},[69,157343,938],{"class":83},[69,157345,155],{"class":79},[69,157347,99],{"class":87},[69,157349,1579],{"class":83},[69,157351,157352,157354,157356,157358,157361,157363],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,157353,8756],{"class":128},[69,157355,132],{"class":83},[69,157357,871],{"class":699},[69,157359,157360],{"class":703},"User record has the expected number of values",[69,157362,871],{"class":699},[69,157364,166],{"class":83},[20,157366,157367],{},[42,157368,321],{},[60,157370,157372],{"className":62,"code":157371,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,157373,157374],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157375,157376],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157377,157371],{"class":75},[377,157379,157381],{"id":157380},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[60,157383,157385],{"className":62,"code":157384,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,157386,157387,157419,157423,157443],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157388,157389,157391,157393,157395,157397,157399,157401,157403,157405,157407,157409,157411,157413,157415,157417],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157390,36780],{"class":75},[69,157392,80],{"class":79},[69,157394,441],{"class":83},[69,157396,871],{"class":699},[69,157398,533],{"class":703},[69,157400,871],{"class":699},[69,157402,91],{"class":83},[69,157404,881],{"class":699},[69,157406,5465],{"class":703},[69,157408,871],{"class":699},[69,157410,91],{"class":83},[69,157412,881],{"class":699},[69,157414,10425],{"class":703},[69,157416,871],{"class":699},[69,157418,166],{"class":83},[69,157420,157421],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,157422,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,157424,157425,157427,157429,157431,157433,157435,157437,157439,157441],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,157426,1514],{"class":1053},[69,157428,70026],{"class":75},[69,157430,1574],{"class":1053},[69,157432,54545],{"class":128},[69,157434,132],{"class":83},[69,157436,11850],{"class":128},[69,157438,132],{"class":83},[69,157440,36833],{"class":146},[69,157442,70041],{"class":83},[69,157444,157445,157447,157449,157451,157453,157455,157457,157459],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,157446,8756],{"class":128},[69,157448,132],{"class":83},[69,157450,36844],{"class":146},[69,157452,91],{"class":83},[69,157454,70574],{"class":146},[69,157456,331],{"class":83},[69,157458,36844],{"class":146},[69,157460,618],{"class":83},[20,157462,157463],{},[42,157464,321],{},[60,157466,157467],{"className":62,"code":36856,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,157468,157469,157475,157481],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157470,157471,157473],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157472,1226],{"class":87},[69,157474,36865],{"class":75},[69,157476,157477,157479],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,157478,88],{"class":87},[69,157480,36872],{"class":75},[69,157482,157483,157485],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,157484,1155],{"class":87},[69,157486,36879],{"class":75},[20,157488,157489,157490,157492,157493,537],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[533,157491,150140],{"href":150139},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[533,157494,151384],{"href":151383},[55,157496,1771],{"id":1770},[20,157498,157499],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[29,157501,157502,157510,157517,157522],{},[32,157503,157504,157505,11780,157508],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,157506,157507],{},"(5)",[15,157509,149974],{},[32,157511,840,157512,157514,157515],{},[15,157513,11850],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,157516,42831],{},[32,157518,1780,157519,157521],{},[15,157520,42831],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[32,157523,157524],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,157526,32772],{},[60,157528,157530],{"className":62,"code":157529,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,157531,157532,157542,157556,157570],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157533,157534,157536,157538,157540],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157535,172],{"class":128},[69,157537,132],{"class":83},[69,157539,148485],{"class":146},[69,157541,166],{"class":83},[69,157543,157544,157546,157548,157550,157552,157554],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,157545,172],{"class":128},[69,157547,132],{"class":83},[69,157549,641],{"class":177},[69,157551,132],{"class":83},[69,157553,148485],{"class":146},[69,157555,318],{"class":83},[69,157557,157558,157560,157562,157564,157566,157568],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,157559,172],{"class":128},[69,157561,132],{"class":83},[69,157563,11850],{"class":128},[69,157565,132],{"class":83},[69,157567,148485],{"class":146},[69,157569,318],{"class":83},[69,157571,157572,157574,157576,157578],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,157573,32842],{"class":128},[69,157575,132],{"class":83},[69,157577,11850],{"class":128},[69,157579,166],{"class":83},[20,157581,155694],{},[29,157583,157584,157587,157590,157594],{},[32,157585,157586],{},"what value you are using",[32,157588,157589],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[32,157591,26707,157592,12396],{},[15,157593,42831],{},[32,157595,123858,157596,157598],{},[15,157597,42831],{}," is documented in Python",[55,157600,2519],{"id":2518},[377,157602,157604],{"id":157603},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157606,1378,157607,157610],{},[15,157608,157609],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[377,157612,2523,157614,149644],{"id":157613},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157615,42831],{},[20,157617,46837,157618,157620],{},[15,157619,42831],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[377,157622,157624],{"id":157623},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157626,157627,157628,537],{},"The length is ",[15,157629,1226],{},[377,157631,157633],{"id":157632},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157635,151330,157636,157638],{},[15,157637,151333],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[377,157640,2523,157642,157644],{"id":157641},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157643,42831],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157646,157647],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[55,157649,2620],{"id":2619},[29,157651,157652,157658,157662,157666,157670],{},[32,157653,157654],{},[533,157655,13,157656,2515],{"href":42828},[15,157657,42831],{},[32,157659,157660],{},[533,157661,156559],{"href":148470},[32,157663,157664],{},[533,157665,150140],{"href":150139},[32,157667,157668],{},[533,157669,151384],{"href":151383},[32,157671,157672],{},[533,157673,157674],{"href":149770},"What is a tuple in Python",[2650,157676,157677],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":157679},[157680,157681,157682,157689,157695,157704,157710,157711,157720],{"id":15854,"depth":120,"text":15855},{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":156047,"depth":120,"text":157683,"children":157684},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157685,157686,157687,157688],{"id":156059,"depth":169,"text":156060},{"id":156126,"depth":169,"text":156127},{"id":156171,"depth":169,"text":156172},{"id":156220,"depth":169,"text":156221},{"id":156309,"depth":120,"text":156310,"children":157690},[157691,157692,157693,157694],{"id":156313,"depth":169,"text":156314},{"id":156388,"depth":169,"text":156127},{"id":156430,"depth":169,"text":156431},{"id":156564,"depth":169,"text":156565},{"id":156648,"depth":120,"text":156649,"children":157696},[157697,157699,157701,157702],{"id":156652,"depth":169,"text":157698},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156790,"depth":169,"text":157700},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156866,"depth":169,"text":156867},{"id":157001,"depth":169,"text":157703},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":157129,"depth":120,"text":157130,"children":157705},[157706,157707,157708,157709],{"id":157138,"depth":169,"text":157139},{"id":157211,"depth":169,"text":157212},{"id":157292,"depth":169,"text":157293},{"id":157380,"depth":169,"text":157381},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":157712},[157713,157714,157716,157717,157718],{"id":157603,"depth":169,"text":157604},{"id":157613,"depth":169,"text":157715},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157623,"depth":169,"text":157624},{"id":157632,"depth":169,"text":157633},{"id":157641,"depth":169,"text":157719},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155831,"description":157721},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157728,"title":157729,"body":157730,"description":160115,"extension":2697,"meta":160116,"navigation":272,"path":160117,"seo":160118,"stem":160119,"__hash__":160120},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157731,"toc":160076},[157732,157735,157738,157741,157764,157770,157772,157883,157887,157890,157900,157902,158001,158003,158080,158086,158090,158093,158116,158119,158136,158139,158141,158204,158206,158223,158234,158239,158241,158244,158250,158301,158303,158323,158327,158378,158380,158401,158405,158460,158462,158483,158487,158542,158544,158565,158569,158622,158624,158653,158655,158657,158660,158664,158721,158723,158744,158748,158801,158803,158828,158833,158837,158842,158860,158863,158926,158928,158949,158952,159013,159015,159036,159039,159082,159085,159089,159094,159098,159177,159179,159210,159214,159289,159291,159318,159322,159369,159371,159379,159384,159388,159391,159406,159408,159496,159498,159523,159526,159569,159578,159580,159583,159598,159601,159605,159659,159661,159681,159686,159690,159692,159730,159733,159783,159787,159860,159862,159899,159902,159904,159907,159927,159930,159999,160001,160014,160016,160020,160023,160027,160030,160035,160038,160044,160049,160051,160073],[10,157733,157729],{"id":157734},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157736,157737],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157739,157740],{},"Use this format:",[60,157742,157744],{"className":62,"code":157743,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157745,157746],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157747,157748,157750,157752,157754,157756,157758,157760,157762],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157749,49426],{"class":75},[69,157751,331],{"class":83},[69,157753,36762],{"class":75},[69,157755,143],{"class":83},[69,157757,75904],{"class":75},[69,157759,143],{"class":83},[69,157761,75907],{"class":75},[69,157763,117],{"class":83},[20,157765,2714,157766,75940,157768,537],{},[15,157767,75904],{},[42,157769,65547],{},[55,157771,58],{"id":57},[60,157773,157775],{"className":62,"code":157774,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157776,157777,157805,157809,157830,157847,157864],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157778,157779,157781,157783,157785,157787,157789,157791,157793,157795,157797,157799,157801,157803],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157780,76],{"class":75},[69,157782,80],{"class":79},[69,157784,441],{"class":83},[69,157786,444],{"class":87},[69,157788,91],{"class":83},[69,157790,454],{"class":87},[69,157792,91],{"class":83},[69,157794,8482],{"class":87},[69,157796,91],{"class":83},[69,157798,51317],{"class":87},[69,157800,91],{"class":83},[69,157802,5785],{"class":87},[69,157804,166],{"class":83},[69,157806,157807],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,157808,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,157810,157811,157813,157815,157817,157819,157821,157823,157825,157827],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,157812,172],{"class":128},[69,157814,132],{"class":83},[69,157816,4366],{"class":146},[69,157818,331],{"class":83},[69,157820,88],{"class":87},[69,157822,143],{"class":83},[69,157824,334],{"class":87},[69,157826,21137],{"class":83},[69,157828,157829],{"class":189},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[69,157831,157832,157834,157836,157838,157840,157842,157844],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,157833,172],{"class":128},[69,157835,132],{"class":83},[69,157837,4366],{"class":146},[69,157839,76013],{"class":83},[69,157841,346],{"class":87},[69,157843,21137],{"class":83},[69,157845,157846],{"class":189},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[69,157848,157849,157851,157853,157855,157857,157859,157861],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,157850,172],{"class":128},[69,157852,132],{"class":83},[69,157854,4366],{"class":146},[69,157856,74600],{"class":83},[69,157858,1155],{"class":87},[69,157860,21137],{"class":83},[69,157862,157863],{"class":189},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[69,157865,157866,157868,157870,157872,157874,157876,157878,157880],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,157867,172],{"class":128},[69,157869,132],{"class":83},[69,157871,4366],{"class":146},[69,157873,74600],{"class":83},[69,157875,1972],{"class":79},[69,157877,88],{"class":87},[69,157879,21137],{"class":83},[69,157881,157882],{"class":189},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[55,157884,157886],{"id":157885},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157888,157889],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[29,157891,157892,157894,157897],{},[32,157893,76207],{},[32,157895,157896],{},"The result is a new tuple",[32,157898,157899],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157901,234],{},[60,157903,157905],{"className":62,"code":157904,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157906,157907,157955,157959,157977,157981,157991],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,157908,157909,157911,157913,157915,157917,157919,157921,157923,157925,157927,157929,157931,157933,157935,157937,157939,157941,157943,157945,157947,157949,157951,157953],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,157910,36780],{"class":75},[69,157912,80],{"class":79},[69,157914,441],{"class":83},[69,157916,871],{"class":699},[69,157918,533],{"class":703},[69,157920,871],{"class":699},[69,157922,91],{"class":83},[69,157924,881],{"class":699},[69,157926,5465],{"class":703},[69,157928,871],{"class":699},[69,157930,91],{"class":83},[69,157932,881],{"class":699},[69,157934,10425],{"class":703},[69,157936,871],{"class":699},[69,157938,91],{"class":83},[69,157940,881],{"class":699},[69,157942,19458],{"class":703},[69,157944,871],{"class":699},[69,157946,91],{"class":83},[69,157948,881],{"class":699},[69,157950,60924],{"class":703},[69,157952,871],{"class":699},[69,157954,166],{"class":83},[69,157956,157957],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,157958,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,157960,157961,157963,157965,157967,157969,157971,157973,157975],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,157962,76137],{"class":75},[69,157964,80],{"class":79},[69,157966,70574],{"class":75},[69,157968,331],{"class":83},[69,157970,88],{"class":87},[69,157972,143],{"class":83},[69,157974,334],{"class":87},[69,157976,117],{"class":83},[69,157978,157979],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,157980,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,157982,157983,157985,157987,157989],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,157984,172],{"class":128},[69,157986,132],{"class":83},[69,157988,76160],{"class":146},[69,157990,166],{"class":83},[69,157992,157993,157995,157997,157999],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,157994,172],{"class":128},[69,157996,132],{"class":83},[69,157998,36833],{"class":146},[69,158000,166],{"class":83},[20,158002,321],{},[60,158004,158006],{"className":62,"code":158005,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,158007,158008,158036],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158009,158010,158012,158014,158016,158018,158020,158022,158024,158026,158028,158030,158032,158034],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158011,132],{"class":83},[69,158013,706],{"class":699},[69,158015,5465],{"class":703},[69,158017,706],{"class":699},[69,158019,91],{"class":83},[69,158021,700],{"class":699},[69,158023,10425],{"class":703},[69,158025,706],{"class":699},[69,158027,91],{"class":83},[69,158029,700],{"class":699},[69,158031,19458],{"class":703},[69,158033,706],{"class":699},[69,158035,166],{"class":83},[69,158037,158038,158040,158042,158044,158046,158048,158050,158052,158054,158056,158058,158060,158062,158064,158066,158068,158070,158072,158074,158076,158078],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,158039,132],{"class":83},[69,158041,706],{"class":699},[69,158043,533],{"class":703},[69,158045,706],{"class":699},[69,158047,91],{"class":83},[69,158049,700],{"class":699},[69,158051,5465],{"class":703},[69,158053,706],{"class":699},[69,158055,91],{"class":83},[69,158057,700],{"class":699},[69,158059,10425],{"class":703},[69,158061,706],{"class":699},[69,158063,91],{"class":83},[69,158065,700],{"class":699},[69,158067,19458],{"class":703},[69,158069,706],{"class":699},[69,158071,91],{"class":83},[69,158073,700],{"class":699},[69,158075,60924],{"class":703},[69,158077,706],{"class":699},[69,158079,166],{"class":83},[20,158081,158082,158083,537],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[533,158084,148467],{"href":158085},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[55,158087,158089],{"id":158088},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,158091,158092],{},"The full syntax is:",[60,158094,158096],{"className":62,"code":158095,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,158097,158098],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158099,158100,158102,158104,158106,158108,158110,158112,158114],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158101,148485],{"class":75},[69,158103,331],{"class":83},[69,158105,36762],{"class":75},[69,158107,143],{"class":83},[69,158109,75904],{"class":75},[69,158111,143],{"class":83},[69,158113,75907],{"class":75},[69,158115,117],{"class":83},[20,158117,158118],{},"Each part has a job:",[29,158120,158121,158126,158131],{},[32,158122,158123,158125],{},[15,158124,36762],{},": where slicing begins",[32,158127,158128,158130],{},[15,158129,75904],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[32,158132,158133,158135],{},[15,158134,75907],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,158137,158138],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,158140,234],{},[60,158142,158144],{"className":62,"code":158143,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,158145,158146,158178,158182],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158147,158148,158150,158152,158154,158156,158158,158160,158162,158164,158166,158168,158170,158172,158174,158176],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158149,76],{"class":75},[69,158151,80],{"class":79},[69,158153,441],{"class":83},[69,158155,444],{"class":87},[69,158157,91],{"class":83},[69,158159,454],{"class":87},[69,158161,91],{"class":83},[69,158163,8482],{"class":87},[69,158165,91],{"class":83},[69,158167,51317],{"class":87},[69,158169,91],{"class":83},[69,158171,5785],{"class":87},[69,158173,91],{"class":83},[69,158175,76578],{"class":87},[69,158177,166],{"class":83},[69,158179,158180],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,158181,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,158183,158184,158186,158188,158190,158192,158194,158196,158198,158200,158202],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,158185,172],{"class":128},[69,158187,132],{"class":83},[69,158189,4366],{"class":146},[69,158191,331],{"class":83},[69,158193,88],{"class":87},[69,158195,143],{"class":83},[69,158197,2866],{"class":87},[69,158199,143],{"class":83},[69,158201,1155],{"class":87},[69,158203,618],{"class":83},[20,158205,321],{},[60,158207,158209],{"className":62,"code":158208,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(20, 40)\n",[15,158210,158211],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158212,158213,158215,158217,158219,158221],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158214,132],{"class":83},[69,158216,522],{"class":87},[69,158218,91],{"class":83},[69,158220,51317],{"class":87},[69,158222,166],{"class":83},[20,158224,158225,158226,158228,158229,158231,158232,537],{},"This starts at index ",[15,158227,88],{},", stops before index ",[15,158230,2866],{},", and moves by ",[15,158233,1155],{},[20,158235,158236,158237,537],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[533,158238,150140],{"href":153566},[55,158240,76494],{"id":76493},[20,158242,158243],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[377,158245,158247,158248,1319],{"id":158246},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,158249,76508],{},[60,158251,158253],{"className":62,"code":158252,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,158254,158255,158283,158287],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158256,158257,158259,158261,158263,158265,158267,158269,158271,158273,158275,158277,158279,158281],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158258,76],{"class":75},[69,158260,80],{"class":79},[69,158262,441],{"class":83},[69,158264,444],{"class":87},[69,158266,91],{"class":83},[69,158268,454],{"class":87},[69,158270,91],{"class":83},[69,158272,8482],{"class":87},[69,158274,91],{"class":83},[69,158276,51317],{"class":87},[69,158278,91],{"class":83},[69,158280,5785],{"class":87},[69,158282,166],{"class":83},[69,158284,158285],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,158286,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,158288,158289,158291,158293,158295,158297,158299],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,158290,172],{"class":128},[69,158292,132],{"class":83},[69,158294,4366],{"class":146},[69,158296,76013],{"class":83},[69,158298,346],{"class":87},[69,158300,618],{"class":83},[20,158302,321],{},[60,158304,158305],{"className":62,"code":151832,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,158306,158307],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158308,158309,158311,158313,158315,158317,158319,158321],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158310,132],{"class":83},[69,158312,444],{"class":87},[69,158314,91],{"class":83},[69,158316,454],{"class":87},[69,158318,91],{"class":83},[69,158320,8482],{"class":87},[69,158322,166],{"class":83},[377,158324,158326],{"id":158325},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[60,158328,158330],{"className":62,"code":158329,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,158331,158332,158360,158364],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158333,158334,158336,158338,158340,158342,158344,158346,158348,158350,158352,158354,158356,158358],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158335,76],{"class":75},[69,158337,80],{"class":79},[69,158339,441],{"class":83},[69,158341,444],{"class":87},[69,158343,91],{"class":83},[69,158345,454],{"class":87},[69,158347,91],{"class":83},[69,158349,8482],{"class":87},[69,158351,91],{"class":83},[69,158353,51317],{"class":87},[69,158355,91],{"class":83},[69,158357,5785],{"class":87},[69,158359,166],{"class":83},[69,158361,158362],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,158363,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,158365,158366,158368,158370,158372,158374,158376],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,158367,172],{"class":128},[69,158369,132],{"class":83},[69,158371,4366],{"class":146},[69,158373,331],{"class":83},[69,158375,1155],{"class":87},[69,158377,78194],{"class":83},[20,158379,321],{},[60,158381,158383],{"className":62,"code":158382,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,158384,158385],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158386,158387,158389,158391,158393,158395,158397,158399],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158388,132],{"class":83},[69,158390,37532],{"class":87},[69,158392,91],{"class":83},[69,158394,51317],{"class":87},[69,158396,91],{"class":83},[69,158398,5785],{"class":87},[69,158400,166],{"class":83},[377,158402,158404],{"id":158403},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[60,158406,158408],{"className":62,"code":158407,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,158409,158410,158438,158442],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158411,158412,158414,158416,158418,158420,158422,158424,158426,158428,158430,158432,158434,158436],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158413,76],{"class":75},[69,158415,80],{"class":79},[69,158417,441],{"class":83},[69,158419,444],{"class":87},[69,158421,91],{"class":83},[69,158423,454],{"class":87},[69,158425,91],{"class":83},[69,158427,8482],{"class":87},[69,158429,91],{"class":83},[69,158431,51317],{"class":87},[69,158433,91],{"class":83},[69,158435,5785],{"class":87},[69,158437,166],{"class":83},[69,158439,158440],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,158441,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,158443,158444,158446,158448,158450,158452,158454,158456,158458],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,158445,172],{"class":128},[69,158447,132],{"class":83},[69,158449,4366],{"class":146},[69,158451,331],{"class":83},[69,158453,88],{"class":87},[69,158455,143],{"class":83},[69,158457,334],{"class":87},[69,158459,618],{"class":83},[20,158461,321],{},[60,158463,158465],{"className":62,"code":158464,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158466,158467],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158468,158469,158471,158473,158475,158477,158479,158481],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158470,132],{"class":83},[69,158472,522],{"class":87},[69,158474,91],{"class":83},[69,158476,8482],{"class":87},[69,158478,91],{"class":83},[69,158480,51317],{"class":87},[69,158482,166],{"class":83},[377,158484,158486],{"id":158485},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[60,158488,158490],{"className":62,"code":158489,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,158491,158492,158524,158528],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158493,158494,158496,158498,158500,158502,158504,158506,158508,158510,158512,158514,158516,158518,158520,158522],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158495,76],{"class":75},[69,158497,80],{"class":79},[69,158499,441],{"class":83},[69,158501,444],{"class":87},[69,158503,91],{"class":83},[69,158505,454],{"class":87},[69,158507,91],{"class":83},[69,158509,8482],{"class":87},[69,158511,91],{"class":83},[69,158513,51317],{"class":87},[69,158515,91],{"class":83},[69,158517,5785],{"class":87},[69,158519,91],{"class":83},[69,158521,76578],{"class":87},[69,158523,166],{"class":83},[69,158525,158526],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,158527,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,158529,158530,158532,158534,158536,158538,158540],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,158531,172],{"class":128},[69,158533,132],{"class":83},[69,158535,4366],{"class":146},[69,158537,74600],{"class":83},[69,158539,1155],{"class":87},[69,158541,618],{"class":83},[20,158543,321],{},[60,158545,158547],{"className":62,"code":158546,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,158548,158549],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158550,158551,158553,158555,158557,158559,158561,158563],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158552,132],{"class":83},[69,158554,444],{"class":87},[69,158556,91],{"class":83},[69,158558,8482],{"class":87},[69,158560,91],{"class":83},[69,158562,5785],{"class":87},[69,158564,166],{"class":83},[377,158566,158568],{"id":158567},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[60,158570,158572],{"className":62,"code":158571,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158573,158574,158602,158606],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158575,158576,158578,158580,158582,158584,158586,158588,158590,158592,158594,158596,158598,158600],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158577,76],{"class":75},[69,158579,80],{"class":79},[69,158581,441],{"class":83},[69,158583,444],{"class":87},[69,158585,91],{"class":83},[69,158587,454],{"class":87},[69,158589,91],{"class":83},[69,158591,8482],{"class":87},[69,158593,91],{"class":83},[69,158595,51317],{"class":87},[69,158597,91],{"class":83},[69,158599,5785],{"class":87},[69,158601,166],{"class":83},[69,158603,158604],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,158605,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,158607,158608,158610,158612,158614,158616,158618,158620],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,158609,172],{"class":128},[69,158611,132],{"class":83},[69,158613,4366],{"class":146},[69,158615,74600],{"class":83},[69,158617,1972],{"class":79},[69,158619,88],{"class":87},[69,158621,618],{"class":83},[20,158623,321],{},[60,158625,158627],{"className":62,"code":158626,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158628,158629],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158630,158631,158633,158635,158637,158639,158641,158643,158645,158647,158649,158651],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158632,132],{"class":83},[69,158634,77272],{"class":87},[69,158636,91],{"class":83},[69,158638,51317],{"class":87},[69,158640,91],{"class":83},[69,158642,8482],{"class":87},[69,158644,91],{"class":83},[69,158646,454],{"class":87},[69,158648,91],{"class":83},[69,158650,6701],{"class":87},[69,158652,166],{"class":83},[55,158654,76788],{"id":76787},[20,158656,154839],{},[20,158658,158659],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[377,158661,158663],{"id":158662},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[60,158665,158667],{"className":62,"code":158666,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158668,158669,158701,158705],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158670,158671,158673,158675,158677,158679,158681,158683,158685,158687,158689,158691,158693,158695,158697,158699],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158672,76],{"class":75},[69,158674,80],{"class":79},[69,158676,441],{"class":83},[69,158678,444],{"class":87},[69,158680,91],{"class":83},[69,158682,454],{"class":87},[69,158684,91],{"class":83},[69,158686,8482],{"class":87},[69,158688,91],{"class":83},[69,158690,51317],{"class":87},[69,158692,91],{"class":83},[69,158694,5785],{"class":87},[69,158696,91],{"class":83},[69,158698,76578],{"class":87},[69,158700,166],{"class":83},[69,158702,158703],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,158704,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,158706,158707,158709,158711,158713,158715,158717,158719],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,158708,172],{"class":128},[69,158710,132],{"class":83},[69,158712,4366],{"class":146},[69,158714,331],{"class":83},[69,158716,1972],{"class":79},[69,158718,346],{"class":87},[69,158720,78194],{"class":83},[20,158722,321],{},[60,158724,158726],{"className":62,"code":158725,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158727,158728],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158729,158730,158732,158734,158736,158738,158740,158742],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158731,132],{"class":83},[69,158733,57168],{"class":87},[69,158735,91],{"class":83},[69,158737,5785],{"class":87},[69,158739,91],{"class":83},[69,158741,76578],{"class":87},[69,158743,166],{"class":83},[377,158745,158747],{"id":158746},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[60,158749,158751],{"className":62,"code":158750,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158752,158753,158781,158785],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158754,158755,158757,158759,158761,158763,158765,158767,158769,158771,158773,158775,158777,158779],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158756,76],{"class":75},[69,158758,80],{"class":79},[69,158760,441],{"class":83},[69,158762,444],{"class":87},[69,158764,91],{"class":83},[69,158766,454],{"class":87},[69,158768,91],{"class":83},[69,158770,8482],{"class":87},[69,158772,91],{"class":83},[69,158774,51317],{"class":87},[69,158776,91],{"class":83},[69,158778,5785],{"class":87},[69,158780,166],{"class":83},[69,158782,158783],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,158784,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,158786,158787,158789,158791,158793,158795,158797,158799],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,158788,172],{"class":128},[69,158790,132],{"class":83},[69,158792,4366],{"class":146},[69,158794,76013],{"class":83},[69,158796,1972],{"class":79},[69,158798,88],{"class":87},[69,158800,618],{"class":83},[20,158802,321],{},[60,158804,158806],{"className":62,"code":158805,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158807,158808],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158809,158810,158812,158814,158816,158818,158820,158822,158824,158826],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158811,132],{"class":83},[69,158813,444],{"class":87},[69,158815,91],{"class":83},[69,158817,454],{"class":87},[69,158819,91],{"class":83},[69,158821,8482],{"class":87},[69,158823,91],{"class":83},[69,158825,51317],{"class":87},[69,158827,166],{"class":83},[20,158829,158830,158831,537],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[533,158832,151389],{"href":157723},[55,158834,158836],{"id":158835},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158838,2714,158839,158841],{},[15,158840,75907],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[29,158843,158844,158846,158848,158854],{},[32,158845,77044],{},[32,158847,77047],{},[32,158849,158850,158853],{},[15,158851,158852],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[32,158855,158856,158857,158859],{},"A step of ",[15,158858,1226],{}," is not allowed",[20,158861,158862],{},"Example with a positive step:",[60,158864,158866],{"className":62,"code":158865,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158867,158868,158900,158904],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158869,158870,158872,158874,158876,158878,158880,158882,158884,158886,158888,158890,158892,158894,158896,158898],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158871,76],{"class":75},[69,158873,80],{"class":79},[69,158875,441],{"class":83},[69,158877,444],{"class":87},[69,158879,91],{"class":83},[69,158881,454],{"class":87},[69,158883,91],{"class":83},[69,158885,8482],{"class":87},[69,158887,91],{"class":83},[69,158889,51317],{"class":87},[69,158891,91],{"class":83},[69,158893,5785],{"class":87},[69,158895,91],{"class":83},[69,158897,76578],{"class":87},[69,158899,166],{"class":83},[69,158901,158902],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,158903,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,158905,158906,158908,158910,158912,158914,158916,158918,158920,158922,158924],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,158907,172],{"class":128},[69,158909,132],{"class":83},[69,158911,4366],{"class":146},[69,158913,331],{"class":83},[69,158915,88],{"class":87},[69,158917,143],{"class":83},[69,158919,81072],{"class":87},[69,158921,143],{"class":83},[69,158923,1155],{"class":87},[69,158925,618],{"class":83},[20,158927,321],{},[60,158929,158931],{"className":62,"code":158930,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158932,158933],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158934,158935,158937,158939,158941,158943,158945,158947],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158936,132],{"class":83},[69,158938,522],{"class":87},[69,158940,91],{"class":83},[69,158942,51317],{"class":87},[69,158944,91],{"class":83},[69,158946,76578],{"class":87},[69,158948,166],{"class":83},[20,158950,158951],{},"Example with a negative step:",[60,158953,158955],{"className":62,"code":158954,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158956,158957,158985,158989],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,158958,158959,158961,158963,158965,158967,158969,158971,158973,158975,158977,158979,158981,158983],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,158960,76],{"class":75},[69,158962,80],{"class":79},[69,158964,441],{"class":83},[69,158966,444],{"class":87},[69,158968,91],{"class":83},[69,158970,454],{"class":87},[69,158972,91],{"class":83},[69,158974,8482],{"class":87},[69,158976,91],{"class":83},[69,158978,51317],{"class":87},[69,158980,91],{"class":83},[69,158982,5785],{"class":87},[69,158984,166],{"class":83},[69,158986,158987],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,158988,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,158990,158991,158993,158995,158997,158999,159001,159003,159005,159007,159009,159011],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,158992,172],{"class":128},[69,158994,132],{"class":83},[69,158996,4366],{"class":146},[69,158998,331],{"class":83},[69,159000,334],{"class":87},[69,159002,143],{"class":83},[69,159004,88],{"class":87},[69,159006,143],{"class":83},[69,159008,1972],{"class":79},[69,159010,88],{"class":87},[69,159012,618],{"class":83},[20,159014,321],{},[60,159016,159018],{"className":62,"code":159017,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,159019,159020],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159021,159022,159024,159026,159028,159030,159032,159034],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159023,132],{"class":83},[69,159025,77272],{"class":87},[69,159027,91],{"class":83},[69,159029,51317],{"class":87},[69,159031,91],{"class":83},[69,159033,8482],{"class":87},[69,159035,166],{"class":83},[20,159037,159038],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[60,159040,159042],{"className":62,"code":159041,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,159043,159044,159064,159068],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159045,159046,159048,159050,159052,159054,159056,159058,159060,159062],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159047,76],{"class":75},[69,159049,80],{"class":79},[69,159051,441],{"class":83},[69,159053,444],{"class":87},[69,159055,91],{"class":83},[69,159057,454],{"class":87},[69,159059,91],{"class":83},[69,159061,8482],{"class":87},[69,159063,166],{"class":83},[69,159065,159066],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,159067,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,159069,159070,159072,159074,159076,159078,159080],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,159071,172],{"class":128},[69,159073,132],{"class":83},[69,159075,4366],{"class":146},[69,159077,74600],{"class":83},[69,159079,1226],{"class":87},[69,159081,618],{"class":83},[20,159083,159084],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[55,159086,159088],{"id":159087},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,159090,159091,159092,34432],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[42,159093,49426],{},[377,159095,159097],{"id":159096},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[60,159099,159101],{"className":62,"code":159100,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,159102,159103,159127,159131,159149,159153,159163],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159104,159105,159107,159109,159111,159113,159115,159117,159119,159121,159123,159125],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159106,76],{"class":75},[69,159108,80],{"class":79},[69,159110,441],{"class":83},[69,159112,444],{"class":87},[69,159114,91],{"class":83},[69,159116,454],{"class":87},[69,159118,91],{"class":83},[69,159120,8482],{"class":87},[69,159122,91],{"class":83},[69,159124,51317],{"class":87},[69,159126,166],{"class":83},[69,159128,159129],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,159130,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,159132,159133,159135,159137,159139,159141,159143,159145,159147],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,159134,123],{"class":75},[69,159136,80],{"class":79},[69,159138,163],{"class":75},[69,159140,331],{"class":83},[69,159142,88],{"class":87},[69,159144,143],{"class":83},[69,159146,346],{"class":87},[69,159148,117],{"class":83},[69,159150,159151],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,159152,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,159154,159155,159157,159159,159161],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,159156,172],{"class":128},[69,159158,132],{"class":83},[69,159160,183],{"class":146},[69,159162,166],{"class":83},[69,159164,159165,159167,159169,159171,159173,159175],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,159166,172],{"class":128},[69,159168,132],{"class":83},[69,159170,641],{"class":177},[69,159172,132],{"class":83},[69,159174,183],{"class":146},[69,159176,318],{"class":83},[20,159178,321],{},[60,159180,159182],{"className":62,"code":159181,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,159183,159184,159196],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159185,159186,159188,159190,159192,159194],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159187,132],{"class":83},[69,159189,522],{"class":87},[69,159191,91],{"class":83},[69,159193,8482],{"class":87},[69,159195,166],{"class":83},[69,159197,159198,159200,159202,159204,159206,159208],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,159199,674],{"class":79},[69,159201,696],{"class":135},[69,159203,700],{"class":699},[69,159205,49426],{"class":703},[69,159207,706],{"class":699},[69,159209,689],{"class":79},[377,159211,159213],{"id":159212},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[60,159215,159217],{"className":62,"code":159216,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,159218,159219,159239,159243,159261,159265,159275],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159220,159221,159223,159225,159227,159229,159231,159233,159235,159237],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159222,76],{"class":75},[69,159224,80],{"class":79},[69,159226,441],{"class":83},[69,159228,444],{"class":87},[69,159230,91],{"class":83},[69,159232,454],{"class":87},[69,159234,91],{"class":83},[69,159236,8482],{"class":87},[69,159238,166],{"class":83},[69,159240,159241],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,159242,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,159244,159245,159247,159249,159251,159253,159255,159257,159259],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,159246,123],{"class":75},[69,159248,80],{"class":79},[69,159250,163],{"class":75},[69,159252,331],{"class":83},[69,159254,88],{"class":87},[69,159256,143],{"class":83},[69,159258,1155],{"class":87},[69,159260,117],{"class":83},[69,159262,159263],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,159264,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,159266,159267,159269,159271,159273],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,159268,172],{"class":128},[69,159270,132],{"class":83},[69,159272,183],{"class":146},[69,159274,166],{"class":83},[69,159276,159277,159279,159281,159283,159285,159287],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,159278,172],{"class":128},[69,159280,132],{"class":83},[69,159282,641],{"class":177},[69,159284,132],{"class":83},[69,159286,183],{"class":146},[69,159288,318],{"class":83},[20,159290,321],{},[60,159292,159294],{"className":62,"code":159293,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,159295,159296,159304],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159297,159298,159300,159302],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159299,132],{"class":83},[69,159301,522],{"class":87},[69,159303,149823],{"class":83},[69,159305,159306,159308,159310,159312,159314,159316],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,159307,674],{"class":79},[69,159309,696],{"class":135},[69,159311,700],{"class":699},[69,159313,49426],{"class":703},[69,159315,706],{"class":699},[69,159317,689],{"class":79},[377,159319,159321],{"id":159320},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[60,159323,159325],{"className":62,"code":159324,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,159326,159327,159347,159351],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159328,159329,159331,159333,159335,159337,159339,159341,159343,159345],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159330,76],{"class":75},[69,159332,80],{"class":79},[69,159334,441],{"class":83},[69,159336,444],{"class":87},[69,159338,91],{"class":83},[69,159340,454],{"class":87},[69,159342,91],{"class":83},[69,159344,8482],{"class":87},[69,159346,166],{"class":83},[69,159348,159349],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,159350,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,159352,159353,159355,159357,159359,159361,159363,159365,159367],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,159354,172],{"class":128},[69,159356,132],{"class":83},[69,159358,4366],{"class":146},[69,159360,331],{"class":83},[69,159362,2866],{"class":87},[69,159364,143],{"class":83},[69,159366,3072],{"class":87},[69,159368,618],{"class":83},[20,159370,321],{},[60,159372,159373],{"className":62,"code":9329,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,159374,159375],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159376,159377],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159378,9329],{"class":83},[20,159380,159381,159382,537],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[533,159383,156559],{"href":151446},[55,159385,159387],{"id":159386},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,159389,159390],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[29,159392,159393,159395,159398,159403],{},[32,159394,77353],{},[32,159396,159397],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[32,159399,159400,159401],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,159402,71209],{},[32,159404,159405],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,159407,234],{},[60,159409,159411],{"className":62,"code":159410,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,159412,159413,159433,159437,159454,159475],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159414,159415,159417,159419,159421,159423,159425,159427,159429,159431],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159416,76],{"class":75},[69,159418,80],{"class":79},[69,159420,441],{"class":83},[69,159422,444],{"class":87},[69,159424,91],{"class":83},[69,159426,454],{"class":87},[69,159428,91],{"class":83},[69,159430,8482],{"class":87},[69,159432,166],{"class":83},[69,159434,159435],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,159436,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,159438,159439,159441,159443,159445,159447,159449,159451],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,159440,172],{"class":128},[69,159442,132],{"class":83},[69,159444,4366],{"class":146},[69,159446,331],{"class":83},[69,159448,88],{"class":87},[69,159450,21137],{"class":83},[69,159452,159453],{"class":189},"    # one item\n",[69,159455,159456,159458,159460,159462,159464,159466,159468,159470,159472],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,159457,172],{"class":128},[69,159459,132],{"class":83},[69,159461,4366],{"class":146},[69,159463,331],{"class":83},[69,159465,88],{"class":87},[69,159467,143],{"class":83},[69,159469,2866],{"class":87},[69,159471,21137],{"class":83},[69,159473,159474],{"class":189},"  # slice\n",[69,159476,159477,159479,159481,159483,159485,159487,159489,159491,159493],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,159478,172],{"class":128},[69,159480,132],{"class":83},[69,159482,4366],{"class":146},[69,159484,331],{"class":83},[69,159486,2866],{"class":87},[69,159488,143],{"class":83},[69,159490,3072],{"class":87},[69,159492,21137],{"class":83},[69,159494,159495],{"class":189},"  # empty slice\n",[20,159497,321],{},[60,159499,159501],{"className":62,"code":159500,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,159502,159503,159507,159519],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159504,159505],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159506,71702],{"class":87},[69,159508,159509,159511,159513,159515,159517],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,159510,132],{"class":83},[69,159512,522],{"class":87},[69,159514,91],{"class":83},[69,159516,8482],{"class":87},[69,159518,166],{"class":83},[69,159520,159521],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,159522,9329],{"class":83},[20,159524,159525],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[60,159527,159529],{"className":62,"code":159528,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,159530,159531,159551,159555],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159532,159533,159535,159537,159539,159541,159543,159545,159547,159549],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159534,76],{"class":75},[69,159536,80],{"class":79},[69,159538,441],{"class":83},[69,159540,444],{"class":87},[69,159542,91],{"class":83},[69,159544,454],{"class":87},[69,159546,91],{"class":83},[69,159548,8482],{"class":87},[69,159550,166],{"class":83},[69,159552,159553],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,159554,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,159556,159557,159559,159561,159563,159565,159567],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,159558,172],{"class":128},[69,159560,132],{"class":83},[69,159562,4366],{"class":146},[69,159564,331],{"class":83},[69,159566,2866],{"class":87},[69,159568,618],{"class":83},[20,159570,159571,159572,159574,159575,537],{},"This raises an ",[15,159573,71209],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[533,159576,155312],{"href":159577},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[55,159579,15869],{"id":77620},[20,159581,159582],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[29,159584,159585,159588,159590,159593],{},[32,159586,159587],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[32,159589,61169],{},[32,159591,159592],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[32,159594,159595,159596],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159597,1226],{},[20,159599,159600],{},"Here are a few examples.",[377,159602,159604],{"id":159603},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[60,159606,159607],{"className":62,"code":158407,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,159608,159609,159637,159641],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159610,159611,159613,159615,159617,159619,159621,159623,159625,159627,159629,159631,159633,159635],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159612,76],{"class":75},[69,159614,80],{"class":79},[69,159616,441],{"class":83},[69,159618,444],{"class":87},[69,159620,91],{"class":83},[69,159622,454],{"class":87},[69,159624,91],{"class":83},[69,159626,8482],{"class":87},[69,159628,91],{"class":83},[69,159630,51317],{"class":87},[69,159632,91],{"class":83},[69,159634,5785],{"class":87},[69,159636,166],{"class":83},[69,159638,159639],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,159640,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,159642,159643,159645,159647,159649,159651,159653,159655,159657],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,159644,172],{"class":128},[69,159646,132],{"class":83},[69,159648,4366],{"class":146},[69,159650,331],{"class":83},[69,159652,88],{"class":87},[69,159654,143],{"class":83},[69,159656,334],{"class":87},[69,159658,618],{"class":83},[20,159660,321],{},[60,159662,159663],{"className":62,"code":158464,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,159664,159665],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159666,159667,159669,159671,159673,159675,159677,159679],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159668,132],{"class":83},[69,159670,522],{"class":87},[69,159672,91],{"class":83},[69,159674,8482],{"class":87},[69,159676,91],{"class":83},[69,159678,51317],{"class":87},[69,159680,166],{"class":83},[20,159682,132891,159683,159685],{},[15,159684,334],{}," is not included.",[377,159687,159689],{"id":159688},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159691,5229],{},[60,159693,159695],{"className":62,"code":159694,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159696,159697,159721,159725],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159698,159699,159701,159703,159705,159707,159709,159711,159713,159715,159717,159719],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159700,76],{"class":75},[69,159702,80],{"class":79},[69,159704,441],{"class":83},[69,159706,444],{"class":87},[69,159708,91],{"class":83},[69,159710,454],{"class":87},[69,159712,91],{"class":83},[69,159714,8482],{"class":87},[69,159716,91],{"class":83},[69,159718,51317],{"class":87},[69,159720,166],{"class":83},[69,159722,159723],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,159724,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,159726,159727],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,159728,159729],{"class":189},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159731,159732],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[60,159734,159735],{"className":62,"code":155392,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,159736,159737,159761,159765],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159738,159739,159741,159743,159745,159747,159749,159751,159753,159755,159757,159759],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159740,76],{"class":75},[69,159742,80],{"class":79},[69,159744,441],{"class":83},[69,159746,444],{"class":87},[69,159748,91],{"class":83},[69,159750,454],{"class":87},[69,159752,91],{"class":83},[69,159754,8482],{"class":87},[69,159756,91],{"class":83},[69,159758,51317],{"class":87},[69,159760,166],{"class":83},[69,159762,159763],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,159764,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,159766,159767,159769,159771,159773,159775,159777,159779,159781],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,159768,172],{"class":128},[69,159770,132],{"class":83},[69,159772,4366],{"class":146},[69,159774,331],{"class":83},[69,159776,88],{"class":87},[69,159778,143],{"class":83},[69,159780,346],{"class":87},[69,159782,618],{"class":83},[377,159784,159786],{"id":159785},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[60,159788,159790],{"className":62,"code":159789,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159791,159792,159816,159820,159835,159839,159850],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159793,159794,159796,159798,159800,159802,159804,159806,159808,159810,159812,159814],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159795,76],{"class":75},[69,159797,80],{"class":79},[69,159799,441],{"class":83},[69,159801,444],{"class":87},[69,159803,91],{"class":83},[69,159805,454],{"class":87},[69,159807,91],{"class":83},[69,159809,8482],{"class":87},[69,159811,91],{"class":83},[69,159813,51317],{"class":87},[69,159815,166],{"class":83},[69,159817,159818],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,159819,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,159821,159822,159825,159827,159829,159831,159833],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,159823,159824],{"class":75},"slice_result ",[69,159826,80],{"class":79},[69,159828,163],{"class":75},[69,159830,76013],{"class":83},[69,159832,1155],{"class":87},[69,159834,117],{"class":83},[69,159836,159837],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,159838,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,159840,159841,159843,159845,159848],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,159842,172],{"class":128},[69,159844,132],{"class":83},[69,159846,159847],{"class":146},"slice_result",[69,159849,166],{"class":83},[69,159851,159852,159854,159856,159858],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,159853,172],{"class":128},[69,159855,132],{"class":83},[69,159857,4366],{"class":146},[69,159859,166],{"class":83},[20,159861,321],{},[60,159863,159865],{"className":62,"code":159864,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159866,159867,159879],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159868,159869,159871,159873,159875,159877],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159870,132],{"class":83},[69,159872,444],{"class":87},[69,159874,91],{"class":83},[69,159876,454],{"class":87},[69,159878,166],{"class":83},[69,159880,159881,159883,159885,159887,159889,159891,159893,159895,159897],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,159882,132],{"class":83},[69,159884,444],{"class":87},[69,159886,91],{"class":83},[69,159888,454],{"class":87},[69,159890,91],{"class":83},[69,159892,8482],{"class":87},[69,159894,91],{"class":83},[69,159896,51317],{"class":87},[69,159898,166],{"class":83},[20,159900,159901],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[55,159903,114205],{"id":114204},[20,159905,159906],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[29,159908,159909,159912,159915,159921,159924],{},[32,159910,159911],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[32,159913,159914],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[32,159916,159917,159918],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159919,159920],{},"tuple[::0]",[32,159922,159923],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[32,159925,159926],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159928,159929],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[60,159931,159933],{"className":62,"code":159932,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159934,159935,159945,159963,159985],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,159936,159937,159939,159941,159943],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,159938,172],{"class":128},[69,159940,132],{"class":83},[69,159942,148485],{"class":146},[69,159944,166],{"class":83},[69,159946,159947,159949,159951,159953,159955,159957,159959,159961],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,159948,172],{"class":128},[69,159950,132],{"class":83},[69,159952,148485],{"class":146},[69,159954,331],{"class":83},[69,159956,88],{"class":87},[69,159958,143],{"class":83},[69,159960,334],{"class":87},[69,159962,618],{"class":83},[69,159964,159965,159967,159969,159971,159973,159975,159977,159979,159981,159983],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,159966,172],{"class":128},[69,159968,132],{"class":83},[69,159970,641],{"class":177},[69,159972,132],{"class":83},[69,159974,148485],{"class":146},[69,159976,331],{"class":83},[69,159978,88],{"class":87},[69,159980,143],{"class":83},[69,159982,334],{"class":87},[69,159984,2201],{"class":83},[69,159986,159987,159989,159991,159993,159995,159997],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,159988,172],{"class":128},[69,159990,132],{"class":83},[69,159992,11850],{"class":128},[69,159994,132],{"class":83},[69,159996,148485],{"class":146},[69,159998,318],{"class":83},[20,160000,11859],{},[29,160002,160003,160005,160008,160011],{},[32,160004,155699],{},[32,160006,160007],{},"what the slice actually returns",[32,160009,160010],{},"that the result is a tuple",[32,160012,160013],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[55,160015,2519],{"id":2518},[377,160017,160019],{"id":160018},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,160021,160022],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[377,160024,160026],{"id":160025},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,160028,160029],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[377,160031,2561,160033,2565],{"id":160032},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,160034,158852],{},[20,160036,160037],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[377,160039,160041,160042,3218],{"id":160040},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,160043,71209],{},[20,160045,160046,160047,537],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,160048,71209],{},[55,160050,2620],{"id":2619},[29,160052,160053,160057,160061,160065,160069],{},[32,160054,160055],{},[533,160056,156559],{"href":151446},[32,160058,160059],{},[533,160060,150140],{"href":153566},[32,160062,160063],{},[533,160064,151389],{"href":157723},[32,160066,160067],{},[533,160068,148467],{"href":158085},[32,160070,160071],{},[533,160072,155312],{"href":159577},[2650,160074,160075],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":160077},[160078,160079,160080,160081,160089,160093,160094,160099,160100,160105,160106,160114],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":157885,"depth":120,"text":157886},{"id":158088,"depth":120,"text":158089},{"id":76493,"depth":120,"text":76494,"children":160082},[160083,160085,160086,160087,160088],{"id":158246,"depth":169,"text":160084},"Get the first n items",{"id":158325,"depth":169,"text":158326},{"id":158403,"depth":169,"text":158404},{"id":158485,"depth":169,"text":158486},{"id":158567,"depth":169,"text":158568},{"id":76787,"depth":120,"text":76788,"children":160090},[160091,160092],{"id":158662,"depth":169,"text":158663},{"id":158746,"depth":169,"text":158747},{"id":158835,"depth":120,"text":158836},{"id":159087,"depth":120,"text":159088,"children":160095},[160096,160097,160098],{"id":159096,"depth":169,"text":159097},{"id":159212,"depth":169,"text":159213},{"id":159320,"depth":169,"text":159321},{"id":159386,"depth":120,"text":159387},{"id":77620,"depth":120,"text":15869,"children":160101},[160102,160103,160104],{"id":159603,"depth":169,"text":159604},{"id":159688,"depth":169,"text":159689},{"id":159785,"depth":169,"text":159786},{"id":114204,"depth":120,"text":114205},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":160107},[160108,160109,160110,160112],{"id":160018,"depth":169,"text":160019},{"id":160025,"depth":169,"text":160026},{"id":160032,"depth":169,"text":160111},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":160040,"depth":169,"text":160113},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157729,"description":160115},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":160122,"title":160123,"body":160124,"description":161947,"extension":2697,"meta":161948,"navigation":272,"path":35499,"seo":161949,"stem":161950,"__hash__":161951},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":160125,"toc":161913},[160126,160131,160136,160140,160158,160161,160176,160182,160184,160241,160243,160275,160287,160293,160298,160301,160336,160342,160344,160347,160361,160364,160366,160389,160391,160409,160412,160428,160430,160433,160546,160548,160637,160640,160645,160651,160654,160657,160756,160758,160817,160822,160825,160894,160898,160930,160946,160951,160958,160965,160977,160979,161028,161030,161053,161059,161107,161112,161119,161127,161133,161136,161160,161163,161165,161241,161243,161268,161274,161277,161282,161286,161300,161302,161365,161367,161399,161402,161418,161420,161426,161433,161435,161454,161456,161474,161481,161486,161493,161495,161532,161535,161542,161546,161549,161607,161610,161613,161668,161670,161682,161688,161690,161694,161727,161734,161736,161799,161802,161804,161809,161823,161830,161838,161847,161856,161862,161868,161870,161910],[10,160127,13,160129,18],{"id":160128},"python-type-function-explained",[15,160130,3029],{},[20,160132,33007,160133,160135],{},[15,160134,3029],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,160137,63244,160138,105049],{},[15,160139,3029],{},[29,160141,160142,160145,160148,160151],{},[32,160143,160144],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[32,160146,160147],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[32,160149,160150],{},"debug confusing code",[32,160152,160153,160154],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[533,160155,160156],{"href":8906},[15,160157,3682],{},[20,160159,160160],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[60,160162,160164],{"className":62,"code":160163,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"type(object)\n",[15,160165,160166],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160167,160168,160170,160172,160174],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160169,641],{"class":177},[69,160171,132],{"class":83},[69,160173,42869],{"class":177},[69,160175,166],{"class":83},[20,160177,160178,160179,160181],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,160180,3029],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[55,160183,4327],{"id":4326},[60,160185,160187],{"className":62,"code":160186,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160188,160189,160201,160215,160219,160227],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160190,160191,160193,160195,160197,160199],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160192,8563],{"class":75},[69,160194,80],{"class":79},[69,160196,881],{"class":699},[69,160198,5708],{"class":703},[69,160200,4079],{"class":699},[69,160202,160203,160205,160207,160209,160211,160213],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,160204,172],{"class":128},[69,160206,132],{"class":83},[69,160208,641],{"class":177},[69,160210,132],{"class":83},[69,160212,8356],{"class":146},[69,160214,318],{"class":83},[69,160216,160217],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,160218,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,160220,160221,160223,160225],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,160222,1700],{"class":75},[69,160224,80],{"class":79},[69,160226,3313],{"class":87},[69,160228,160229,160231,160233,160235,160237,160239],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,160230,172],{"class":128},[69,160232,132],{"class":83},[69,160234,641],{"class":177},[69,160236,132],{"class":83},[69,160238,1045],{"class":146},[69,160240,318],{"class":83},[20,160242,321],{},[60,160244,160245],{"className":62,"code":125552,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,160246,160247,160261],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160248,160249,160251,160253,160255,160257,160259],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160250,674],{"class":79},[69,160252,696],{"class":135},[69,160254,700],{"class":699},[69,160256,4164],{"class":703},[69,160258,706],{"class":699},[69,160260,689],{"class":79},[69,160262,160263,160265,160267,160269,160271,160273],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,160264,674],{"class":79},[69,160266,696],{"class":135},[69,160268,700],{"class":699},[69,160270,2919],{"class":703},[69,160272,706],{"class":699},[69,160274,689],{"class":79},[20,160276,1378,160277,160280,160281,5096,160284,537],{},[15,160278,160279],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,160282,160283],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,160285,160286],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[55,160288,13688,160290,160292],{"id":160289},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,160291,3029],{}," function does",[20,160294,160295,160297],{},[15,160296,3029],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,160299,160300],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[29,160302,160303,160308,160313,160318,160323,160328],{},[32,160304,160305,160307],{},[15,160306,4164],{}," for text",[32,160309,160310,160312],{},[15,160311,2919],{}," for whole numbers",[32,160314,160315,160317],{},[15,160316,2923],{}," for decimal numbers",[32,160319,160320,160322],{},[15,160321,178],{}," for lists",[32,160324,160325,160327],{},[15,160326,9507],{}," for dictionaries",[32,160329,160330,69573,160332,5096,160334],{},[15,160331,4578],{},[15,160333,224],{},[15,160335,230],{},[20,160337,160338,160339,160341],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,160340,3029],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[55,160343,2888],{"id":2887},[20,160345,160346],{},"The main beginner form is:",[60,160348,160349],{"className":62,"code":160163,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,160350,160351],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160352,160353,160355,160357,160359],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160354,641],{"class":177},[69,160356,132],{"class":83},[69,160358,42869],{"class":177},[69,160360,166],{"class":83},[20,160362,160363],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,160365,234],{},[60,160367,160369],{"className":62,"code":160368,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,160370,160371],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160372,160373,160375,160377,160379,160381,160383,160385,160387],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160374,172],{"class":128},[69,160376,132],{"class":83},[69,160378,641],{"class":177},[69,160380,132],{"class":83},[69,160382,871],{"class":699},[69,160384,1275],{"class":703},[69,160386,871],{"class":699},[69,160388,318],{"class":83},[20,160390,321],{},[60,160392,160393],{"className":62,"code":46242,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,160394,160395],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160396,160397,160399,160401,160403,160405,160407],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160398,674],{"class":79},[69,160400,696],{"class":135},[69,160402,700],{"class":699},[69,160404,4164],{"class":703},[69,160406,706],{"class":699},[69,160408,689],{"class":79},[20,160410,160411],{},"You can pass either:",[29,160413,160414,160421],{},[32,160415,160416,160417,394,160419],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,160418,65012],{},[15,160420,46998],{},[32,160422,160423,160424,394,160426],{},"a variable such as ",[15,160425,8356],{},[15,160427,9985],{},[55,160429,122364],{"id":122363},[20,160431,160432],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[60,160434,160436],{"className":62,"code":160435,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,160437,160438,160456,160470,160484,160506,160532],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160439,160440,160442,160444,160446,160448,160450,160452,160454],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160441,172],{"class":128},[69,160443,132],{"class":83},[69,160445,641],{"class":177},[69,160447,132],{"class":83},[69,160449,871],{"class":699},[69,160451,1275],{"class":703},[69,160453,871],{"class":699},[69,160455,318],{"class":83},[69,160457,160458,160460,160462,160464,160466,160468],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,160459,172],{"class":128},[69,160461,132],{"class":83},[69,160463,641],{"class":177},[69,160465,132],{"class":83},[69,160467,444],{"class":87},[69,160469,318],{"class":83},[69,160471,160472,160474,160476,160478,160480,160482],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,160473,172],{"class":128},[69,160475,132],{"class":83},[69,160477,641],{"class":177},[69,160479,132],{"class":83},[69,160481,40612],{"class":87},[69,160483,318],{"class":83},[69,160485,160486,160488,160490,160492,160494,160496,160498,160500,160502,160504],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,160487,172],{"class":128},[69,160489,132],{"class":83},[69,160491,641],{"class":177},[69,160493,3710],{"class":83},[69,160495,88],{"class":87},[69,160497,91],{"class":83},[69,160499,94],{"class":87},[69,160501,91],{"class":83},[69,160503,99],{"class":87},[69,160505,2201],{"class":83},[69,160507,160508,160510,160512,160514,160516,160518,160520,160522,160524,160526,160528,160530],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,160509,172],{"class":128},[69,160511,132],{"class":83},[69,160513,641],{"class":177},[69,160515,6229],{"class":83},[69,160517,871],{"class":699},[69,160519,8356],{"class":703},[69,160521,871],{"class":699},[69,160523,143],{"class":83},[69,160525,881],{"class":699},[69,160527,5708],{"class":703},[69,160529,871],{"class":699},[69,160531,6238],{"class":83},[69,160533,160534,160536,160538,160540,160542,160544],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,160535,172],{"class":128},[69,160537,132],{"class":83},[69,160539,641],{"class":177},[69,160541,132],{"class":83},[69,160543,224],{"class":1203},[69,160545,318],{"class":83},[20,160547,321],{},[60,160549,160551],{"className":62,"code":160550,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,160552,160553,160567,160581,160595,160609,160623],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160554,160555,160557,160559,160561,160563,160565],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160556,674],{"class":79},[69,160558,696],{"class":135},[69,160560,700],{"class":699},[69,160562,4164],{"class":703},[69,160564,706],{"class":699},[69,160566,689],{"class":79},[69,160568,160569,160571,160573,160575,160577,160579],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,160570,674],{"class":79},[69,160572,696],{"class":135},[69,160574,700],{"class":699},[69,160576,2919],{"class":703},[69,160578,706],{"class":699},[69,160580,689],{"class":79},[69,160582,160583,160585,160587,160589,160591,160593],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,160584,674],{"class":79},[69,160586,696],{"class":135},[69,160588,700],{"class":699},[69,160590,2923],{"class":703},[69,160592,706],{"class":699},[69,160594,689],{"class":79},[69,160596,160597,160599,160601,160603,160605,160607],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,160598,674],{"class":79},[69,160600,696],{"class":135},[69,160602,700],{"class":699},[69,160604,178],{"class":703},[69,160606,706],{"class":699},[69,160608,689],{"class":79},[69,160610,160611,160613,160615,160617,160619,160621],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,160612,674],{"class":79},[69,160614,696],{"class":135},[69,160616,700],{"class":699},[69,160618,9507],{"class":703},[69,160620,706],{"class":699},[69,160622,689],{"class":79},[69,160624,160625,160627,160629,160631,160633,160635],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,160626,674],{"class":79},[69,160628,696],{"class":135},[69,160630,700],{"class":699},[69,160632,4578],{"class":703},[69,160634,706],{"class":699},[69,160636,689],{"class":79},[20,160638,160639],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160641,160642,160643,537],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[533,160644,45269],{"href":49451},[55,160646,840,160648,160650],{"id":160647},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160649,3029],{}," with variables",[20,160652,160653],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160655,160656],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[60,160658,160660],{"className":62,"code":160659,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160661,160662,160670,160688,160692,160704,160722,160726,160738],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160663,160664,160666,160668],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160665,3173],{"class":75},[69,160667,80],{"class":79},[69,160669,3313],{"class":87},[69,160671,160672,160674,160676,160678,160680,160682,160684,160686],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,160673,172],{"class":128},[69,160675,132],{"class":83},[69,160677,3198],{"class":146},[69,160679,91],{"class":83},[69,160681,49863],{"class":177},[69,160683,132],{"class":83},[69,160685,3198],{"class":146},[69,160687,318],{"class":83},[69,160689,160690],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,160691,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,160693,160694,160696,160698,160700,160702],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,160695,3173],{"class":75},[69,160697,80],{"class":79},[69,160699,881],{"class":699},[69,160701,46379],{"class":703},[69,160703,4079],{"class":699},[69,160705,160706,160708,160710,160712,160714,160716,160718,160720],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,160707,172],{"class":128},[69,160709,132],{"class":83},[69,160711,3198],{"class":146},[69,160713,91],{"class":83},[69,160715,49863],{"class":177},[69,160717,132],{"class":83},[69,160719,3198],{"class":146},[69,160721,318],{"class":83},[69,160723,160724],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,160725,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,160727,160728,160730,160732,160734,160736],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,160729,3173],{"class":75},[69,160731,80],{"class":79},[69,160733,84],{"class":83},[69,160735,444],{"class":87},[69,160737,117],{"class":83},[69,160739,160740,160742,160744,160746,160748,160750,160752,160754],{"class":71,"line":1619},[69,160741,172],{"class":128},[69,160743,132],{"class":83},[69,160745,3198],{"class":146},[69,160747,91],{"class":83},[69,160749,49863],{"class":177},[69,160751,132],{"class":83},[69,160753,3198],{"class":146},[69,160755,318],{"class":83},[20,160757,321],{},[60,160759,160761],{"className":62,"code":160760,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160762,160763,160780,160797],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160764,160765,160767,160770,160772,160774,160776,160778],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160766,444],{"class":87},[69,160768,160769],{"class":79}," \u003C",[69,160771,696],{"class":135},[69,160773,700],{"class":699},[69,160775,2919],{"class":703},[69,160777,706],{"class":699},[69,160779,689],{"class":79},[69,160781,160782,160785,160787,160789,160791,160793,160795],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,160783,160784],{"class":75},"ten ",[69,160786,674],{"class":79},[69,160788,696],{"class":135},[69,160790,700],{"class":699},[69,160792,4164],{"class":703},[69,160794,706],{"class":699},[69,160796,689],{"class":79},[69,160798,160799,160801,160803,160805,160807,160809,160811,160813,160815],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,160800,331],{"class":83},[69,160802,444],{"class":87},[69,160804,13966],{"class":83},[69,160806,160769],{"class":79},[69,160808,696],{"class":135},[69,160810,700],{"class":699},[69,160812,178],{"class":703},[69,160814,706],{"class":699},[69,160816,689],{"class":79},[20,160818,160819,160821],{},[15,160820,3029],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160823,160824],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[60,160826,160828],{"className":62,"code":160827,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160829,160830,160848,160862,160866,160880],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160831,160832,160834,160836,160838,160840,160842,160844,160846],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160833,4112],{"class":75},[69,160835,80],{"class":79},[69,160837,8929],{"class":128},[69,160839,132],{"class":83},[69,160841,871],{"class":699},[69,160843,42341],{"class":703},[69,160845,871],{"class":699},[69,160847,166],{"class":83},[69,160849,160850,160852,160854,160856,160858,160860],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,160851,172],{"class":128},[69,160853,132],{"class":83},[69,160855,641],{"class":177},[69,160857,132],{"class":83},[69,160859,4138],{"class":146},[69,160861,318],{"class":83},[69,160863,160864],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,160865,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,160867,160868,160870,160872,160874,160876,160878],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,160869,123476],{"class":75},[69,160871,80],{"class":79},[69,160873,45748],{"class":177},[69,160875,132],{"class":83},[69,160877,4138],{"class":146},[69,160879,166],{"class":83},[69,160881,160882,160884,160886,160888,160890,160892],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,160883,172],{"class":128},[69,160885,132],{"class":83},[69,160887,641],{"class":177},[69,160889,132],{"class":83},[69,160891,123499],{"class":146},[69,160893,318],{"class":83},[20,160895,41590,160896,41594],{},[15,160897,9880],{},[60,160899,160900],{"className":62,"code":125552,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,160901,160902,160916],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160903,160904,160906,160908,160910,160912,160914],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160905,674],{"class":79},[69,160907,696],{"class":135},[69,160909,700],{"class":699},[69,160911,4164],{"class":703},[69,160913,706],{"class":699},[69,160915,689],{"class":79},[69,160917,160918,160920,160922,160924,160926,160928],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,160919,674],{"class":79},[69,160921,696],{"class":135},[69,160923,700],{"class":699},[69,160925,2919],{"class":703},[69,160927,706],{"class":699},[69,160929,689],{"class":79},[20,160931,46175,160932,160936,160937,394,160941,160945],{},[533,160933,160934],{"href":8906},[15,160935,3682],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[533,160938,160939],{"href":3600},[15,160940,3603],{},[533,160942,160943],{"href":3606},[15,160944,3609],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160947,160948,160949,537],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[533,160950,9667],{"href":9666},[55,160952,160954,11272,160956],{"id":160953},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160955,3029],{},[15,160957,45277],{},[20,160959,160960,5096,160962,160964],{},[15,160961,3029],{},[15,160963,45277],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[29,160966,160967,160972],{},[32,160968,160969,160971],{},[15,160970,3029],{}," tells you the exact type",[32,160973,160974,160976],{},[15,160975,45277],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160978,234],{},[60,160980,160982],{"className":62,"code":160981,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160983,160984,160992,160996,161010],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,160985,160986,160988,160990],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,160987,3173],{"class":75},[69,160989,80],{"class":79},[69,160991,35533],{"class":87},[69,160993,160994],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,160995,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,160997,160998,161000,161002,161004,161006,161008],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,160999,172],{"class":128},[69,161001,132],{"class":83},[69,161003,641],{"class":177},[69,161005,132],{"class":83},[69,161007,3198],{"class":146},[69,161009,318],{"class":83},[69,161011,161012,161014,161016,161018,161020,161022,161024,161026],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,161013,172],{"class":128},[69,161015,132],{"class":83},[69,161017,49348],{"class":128},[69,161019,132],{"class":83},[69,161021,3198],{"class":146},[69,161023,91],{"class":83},[69,161025,45748],{"class":177},[69,161027,318],{"class":83},[20,161029,321],{},[60,161031,161033],{"className":62,"code":161032,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,161034,161035,161049],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,161036,161037,161039,161041,161043,161045,161047],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,161038,674],{"class":79},[69,161040,696],{"class":135},[69,161042,700],{"class":699},[69,161044,2919],{"class":703},[69,161046,706],{"class":699},[69,161048,689],{"class":79},[69,161050,161051],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,161052,4685],{"class":1203},[20,161054,161055,161056,161058],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,161057,45277],{}," is more practical.",[60,161060,161062],{"className":62,"code":161061,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,161063,161064,161072,161076,161092],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,161065,161066,161068,161070],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,161067,3173],{"class":75},[69,161069,80],{"class":79},[69,161071,35533],{"class":87},[69,161073,161074],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,161075,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,161077,161078,161080,161082,161084,161086,161088,161090],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,161079,1712],{"class":1053},[69,161081,50086],{"class":128},[69,161083,132],{"class":83},[69,161085,3198],{"class":146},[69,161087,91],{"class":83},[69,161089,45748],{"class":177},[69,161091,1048],{"class":83},[69,161093,161094,161096,161098,161100,161103,161105],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,161095,8756],{"class":128},[69,161097,132],{"class":83},[69,161099,871],{"class":699},[69,161101,161102],{"class":703},"This is an integer",[69,161104,871],{"class":699},[69,161106,166],{"class":83},[20,161108,1378,161109,161111],{},[15,161110,3029],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,161113,1378,161114,161116,161117,7860],{},[15,161115,45277],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,161118,1712],{},[20,161120,161121,161122,537],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[533,161123,13,161125,2515],{"href":161124},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,161126,45277],{},[55,161128,161130,161131],{"id":161129},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,161132,3029],{},[20,161134,161135],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[60,161137,161139],{"className":62,"code":161138,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,161140,161141],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,161142,161143,161145,161147,161149,161151,161154,161156,161158],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,161144,641],{"class":177},[69,161146,132],{"class":83},[69,161148,8356],{"class":146},[69,161150,91],{"class":83},[69,161152,161153],{"class":146}," bases",[69,161155,91],{"class":83},[69,161157,9857],{"class":177},[69,161159,166],{"class":83},[20,161161,161162],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,161164,234],{},[60,161166,161168],{"className":62,"code":161167,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,161169,161170,161213,161217,161227],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,161171,161172,161175,161177,161179,161181,161183,161186,161188,161190,161193,161195,161197,161200,161202,161204,161206,161209,161211],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,161173,161174],{"class":75},"Person ",[69,161176,80],{"class":79},[69,161178,49863],{"class":177},[69,161180,132],{"class":83},[69,161182,871],{"class":699},[69,161184,161185],{"class":703},"Person",[69,161187,871],{"class":699},[69,161189,91],{"class":83},[69,161191,161192],{"class":83}," (),",[69,161194,11177],{"class":83},[69,161196,871],{"class":699},[69,161198,161199],{"class":703},"species",[69,161201,871],{"class":699},[69,161203,143],{"class":83},[69,161205,881],{"class":699},[69,161207,161208],{"class":703},"human",[69,161210,871],{"class":699},[69,161212,31185],{"class":83},[69,161214,161215],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,161216,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,161218,161219,161221,161223,161225],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,161220,172],{"class":128},[69,161222,132],{"class":83},[69,161224,161185],{"class":146},[69,161226,166],{"class":83},[69,161228,161229,161231,161233,161235,161237,161239],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,161230,172],{"class":128},[69,161232,132],{"class":83},[69,161234,161185],{"class":146},[69,161236,537],{"class":83},[69,161238,161199],{"class":25438},[69,161240,166],{"class":83},[20,161242,321],{},[60,161244,161246],{"className":62,"code":161245,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,161247,161248,161263],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,161249,161250,161252,161254,161256,161259,161261],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,161251,674],{"class":79},[69,161253,696],{"class":135},[69,161255,700],{"class":699},[69,161257,161258],{"class":703},"__main__.Person",[69,161260,706],{"class":699},[69,161262,689],{"class":79},[69,161264,161265],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,161266,161267],{"class":75},"human\n",[20,161269,161270,161271,161273],{},"Most beginners do ",[42,161272,5334],{}," need this form.",[20,161275,161276],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[55,161278,1373,161280],{"id":161279},"when-to-use-type",[15,161281,3029],{},[20,161283,161284,13136],{},[15,161285,3029],{},[29,161287,161288,161291,161294,161297],{},[32,161289,161290],{},"debug unexpected values",[32,161292,161293],{},"check what a conversion produced",[32,161295,161296],{},"learn Python data types",[32,161298,161299],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,161301,6172],{},[60,161303,161305],{"className":62,"code":161304,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,161306,161307,161319,161333,161337,161351],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,161308,161309,161311,161313,161315,161317],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,161310,35378],{"class":75},[69,161312,80],{"class":79},[69,161314,881],{"class":699},[69,161316,50719],{"class":703},[69,161318,4079],{"class":699},[69,161320,161321,161323,161325,161327,161329,161331],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,161322,1700],{"class":75},[69,161324,80],{"class":79},[69,161326,45748],{"class":177},[69,161328,132],{"class":83},[69,161330,35399],{"class":146},[69,161332,166],{"class":83},[69,161334,161335],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,161336,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,161338,161339,161341,161343,161345,161347,161349],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,161340,172],{"class":128},[69,161342,132],{"class":83},[69,161344,641],{"class":177},[69,161346,132],{"class":83},[69,161348,35399],{"class":146},[69,161350,318],{"class":83},[69,161352,161353,161355,161357,161359,161361,161363],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,161354,172],{"class":128},[69,161356,132],{"class":83},[69,161358,641],{"class":177},[69,161360,132],{"class":83},[69,161362,1045],{"class":146},[69,161364,318],{"class":83},[20,161366,321],{},[60,161368,161369],{"className":62,"code":125552,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,161370,161371,161385],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,161372,161373,161375,161377,161379,161381,161383],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,161374,674],{"class":79},[69,161376,696],{"class":135},[69,161378,700],{"class":699},[69,161380,4164],{"class":703},[69,161382,706],{"class":699},[69,161384,689],{"class":79},[69,161386,161387,161389,161391,161393,161395,161397],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,161388,674],{"class":79},[69,161390,696],{"class":135},[69,161392,700],{"class":699},[69,161394,2919],{"class":703},[69,161396,706],{"class":699},[69,161398,689],{"class":79},[20,161400,161401],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,161403,161404,161405,2920,161409,2574,161413,161417],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[533,161406,161407],{"href":42645},[15,161408,48156],{},[533,161410,161411],{"href":3600},[15,161412,3603],{},[533,161414,161415],{"href":3606},[15,161416,3609],{}," are often the next step.",[55,161419,26045],{"id":26044},[20,161421,161422,161423,161425],{},"A few things about ",[15,161424,3029],{}," often confuse beginners.",[377,161427,161429,161432],{"id":161428},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,161430,161431],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,161434,65121],{},[60,161436,161438],{"className":62,"code":161437,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(5))\n",[15,161439,161440],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,161441,161442,161444,161446,161448,161450,161452],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,161443,172],{"class":128},[69,161445,132],{"class":83},[69,161447,641],{"class":177},[69,161449,132],{"class":83},[69,161451,2866],{"class":87},[69,161453,318],{"class":83},[20,161455,123395],{},[60,161457,161458],{"className":62,"code":156907,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,161459,161460],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,161461,161462,161464,161466,161468,161470,161472],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,161463,674],{"class":79},[69,161465,696],{"class":135},[69,161467,700],{"class":699},[69,161469,2919],{"class":703},[69,161471,706],{"class":699},[69,161473,689],{"class":79},[20,161475,41375,161476,161478,161479,537],{},[42,161477,5334],{}," print just ",[15,161480,2919],{},[20,161482,7365,161483,161485],{},[15,161484,3029],{}," returns a class object.",[377,161487,161489,1172,161491],{"id":161488},"input-returns-str",[15,161490,3682],{},[15,161492,4164],{},[20,161494,80020],{},[60,161496,161498],{"className":62,"code":161497,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,161499,161500,161518],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,161501,161502,161504,161506,161508,161510,161512,161514,161516],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,161503,3173],{"class":75},[69,161505,80],{"class":79},[69,161507,8929],{"class":128},[69,161509,132],{"class":83},[69,161511,871],{"class":699},[69,161513,46782],{"class":703},[69,161515,871],{"class":699},[69,161517,166],{"class":83},[69,161519,161520,161522,161524,161526,161528,161530],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,161521,172],{"class":128},[69,161523,132],{"class":83},[69,161525,641],{"class":177},[69,161527,132],{"class":83},[69,161529,3198],{"class":146},[69,161531,318],{"class":83},[20,161533,161534],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,161536,161537,161538,394,161540,537],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,161539,3603],{},[15,161541,3609],{},[377,161543,161545],{"id":161544},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,161547,161548],{},"Avoid code like this:",[60,161550,161552],{"className":62,"code":161551,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,161553,161554,161562,161566,161592],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,161555,161556,161558,161560],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,161557,3173],{"class":75},[69,161559,80],{"class":79},[69,161561,35533],{"class":87},[69,161563,161564],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,161565,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,161567,161568,161570,161572,161574,161576,161578,161580,161582,161584,161586,161588,161590],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,161569,1712],{"class":1053},[69,161571,49377],{"class":177},[69,161573,132],{"class":83},[69,161575,641],{"class":177},[69,161577,132],{"class":83},[69,161579,3198],{"class":146},[69,161581,186],{"class":83},[69,161583,155],{"class":79},[69,161585,881],{"class":699},[69,161587,160286],{"class":703},[69,161589,871],{"class":699},[69,161591,1579],{"class":83},[69,161593,161594,161596,161598,161600,161603,161605],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,161595,8756],{"class":128},[69,161597,132],{"class":83},[69,161599,871],{"class":699},[69,161601,161602],{"class":703},"It is an int",[69,161604,871],{"class":699},[69,161606,166],{"class":83},[20,161608,161609],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161611,161612],{},"Better options:",[60,161614,161616],{"className":62,"code":161615,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161617,161618,161626,161630,161650],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,161619,161620,161622,161624],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,161621,3173],{"class":75},[69,161623,80],{"class":79},[69,161625,35533],{"class":87},[69,161627,161628],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,161629,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,161631,161632,161634,161636,161638,161640,161642,161644,161646,161648],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,161633,172],{"class":128},[69,161635,132],{"class":83},[69,161637,641],{"class":177},[69,161639,132],{"class":83},[69,161641,3198],{"class":146},[69,161643,938],{"class":83},[69,161645,155],{"class":79},[69,161647,45748],{"class":177},[69,161649,166],{"class":83},[69,161651,161652,161654,161656,161658,161660,161662,161664,161666],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,161653,172],{"class":128},[69,161655,132],{"class":83},[69,161657,49348],{"class":128},[69,161659,132],{"class":83},[69,161661,3198],{"class":146},[69,161663,91],{"class":83},[69,161665,45748],{"class":177},[69,161667,318],{"class":83},[20,161669,321],{},[60,161671,161672],{"className":62,"code":5208,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,161673,161674,161678],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,161675,161676],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,161677,4685],{"class":1203},[69,161679,161680],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,161681,4685],{"class":1203},[20,161683,161684,161685,161687],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161686,45277],{}," is the more useful check.",[55,161689,1771],{"id":1770},[20,161691,1774,161692,143],{},[15,161693,3029],{},[29,161695,161696,161706,161715,161724],{},[32,161697,840,161698,161700,161701,161705],{},[15,161699,3029],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[533,161702,161703],{"href":8906},[15,161704,3682],{}," always returns a string",[32,161707,1780,161708,161710,161711,11780,161713],{},[15,161709,3029],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161712,2919],{},[15,161714,160286],{},[32,161716,840,161717,45101,161720,161723],{},[15,161718,161719],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161721,161722],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[32,161725,161726],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161728,161729,161730,537],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[533,161731,161733],{"href":161732},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161735,145061],{},[60,161737,161739],{"className":62,"code":161738,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161740,161741,161755,161765,161779,161789],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,161742,161743,161745,161747,161749,161751,161753],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,161744,172],{"class":128},[69,161746,132],{"class":83},[69,161748,641],{"class":177},[69,161750,132],{"class":83},[69,161752,3198],{"class":146},[69,161754,318],{"class":83},[69,161756,161757,161759,161761,161763],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,161758,172],{"class":128},[69,161760,132],{"class":83},[69,161762,3198],{"class":146},[69,161764,166],{"class":83},[69,161766,161767,161769,161771,161773,161775,161777],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,161768,172],{"class":128},[69,161770,132],{"class":83},[69,161772,42249],{"class":128},[69,161774,132],{"class":83},[69,161776,3198],{"class":146},[69,161778,318],{"class":83},[69,161780,161781,161783,161785,161787],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,161782,32842],{"class":128},[69,161784,132],{"class":83},[69,161786,641],{"class":177},[69,161788,166],{"class":83},[69,161790,161791,161793,161795,161797],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,161792,35063],{"class":128},[69,161794,132],{"class":83},[69,161796,3198],{"class":146},[69,161798,166],{"class":83},[20,161800,161801],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[55,161803,2519],{"id":2518},[377,161805,2561,161807,5846],{"id":161806},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161808,3029],{},[20,161810,161811,161812,2920,161814,2920,161816,2924,161818,161820,161821,537],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161813,4164],{},[15,161815,2919],{},[15,161817,178],{},[15,161819,9507],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161822,160283],{},[377,161824,15595,161826,57681,161828,3218],{"id":161825},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161827,3029],{},[15,161829,45277],{},[20,161831,46837,161832,161834,161835,161837],{},[15,161833,3029],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161836,45277],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[377,161839,5859,161841,161844,161845,3218],{"id":161840},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161842,161843],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161846,4164],{},[20,161848,29749,161849,161851,161852,394,161854,160945],{},[15,161850,3682],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161853,3603],{},[15,161855,3609],{},[377,161857,5871,161859,161861],{"id":161858},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161860,3029],{}," create classes?",[20,161863,161864,161865,537],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161866,161867],{},"type(object)",[55,161869,2620],{"id":2619},[29,161871,161872,161876,161882,161888,161892,161898,161904],{},[32,161873,161874],{},[533,161875,45269],{"href":49451},[32,161877,161878],{},[533,161879,13,161880,2515],{"href":161124},[15,161881,45277],{},[32,161883,161884],{},[533,161885,13,161886,2515],{"href":8906},[15,161887,3682],{},[32,161889,161890],{},[533,161891,9744],{"href":9666},[32,161893,161894],{},[533,161895,13,161896,2515],{"href":3600},[15,161897,3603],{},[32,161899,161900],{},[533,161901,13,161902,2515],{"href":3606},[15,161903,3609],{},[32,161905,161906],{},[533,161907,13,161908,2515],{"href":42645},[15,161909,48156],{},[2650,161911,161912],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":161914},[161915,161916,161918,161919,161920,161922,161924,161926,161928,161935,161936,161946],{"id":4326,"depth":120,"text":4327},{"id":160289,"depth":120,"text":161917},"What the type() function does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":122363,"depth":120,"text":122364},{"id":160647,"depth":120,"text":161921},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160953,"depth":120,"text":161923},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":161129,"depth":120,"text":161925},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":161279,"depth":120,"text":161927},"When to use type()",{"id":26044,"depth":120,"text":26045,"children":161929},[161930,161932,161934],{"id":161428,"depth":169,"text":161931},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":161488,"depth":169,"text":161933},"input() returns str",{"id":161544,"depth":169,"text":161545},{"id":1770,"depth":120,"text":1771},{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":161937},[161938,161940,161942,161944],{"id":161806,"depth":169,"text":161939},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161825,"depth":169,"text":161941},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161840,"depth":169,"text":161943},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161858,"depth":169,"text":161945},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":160123,"description":161947},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161953,"title":161954,"body":161955,"description":164434,"extension":2697,"meta":164435,"navigation":272,"path":164436,"seo":164437,"stem":164438,"__hash__":164439},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161956,"toc":164391},[161957,161962,161967,161976,161978,162078,162080,162105,162110,162115,162131,162134,162136,162138,162163,162166,162169,162252,162254,162303,162306,162428,162430,162503,162507,162510,162624,162626,162652,162654,162675,162680,162684,162689,162692,162796,162798,162815,162824,162827,162914,162916,162927,162932,162938,162943,162949,162952,163045,163047,163096,163102,163105,163206,163208,163261,163266,163270,163273,163372,163374,163413,163416,163421,163423,163428,163432,163545,163549,163646,163650,163738,163740,163757,163761,163884,163890,163896,163902,163907,163910,163937,163941,163943,164037,164040,164044,164047,164134,164137,164172,164174,164211,164214,164222,164227,164232,164306,164313,164315,164320,164323,164329,164332,164338,164343,164349,164354,164358,164361,164363,164388],[10,161958,13,161960,18],{"id":161959},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161961,64797],{},[20,161963,161964,161966],{},[15,161965,64797],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161968,161969,161970,161972,161973,161975],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161971,64797],{}," inside a ",[15,161974,1514],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[55,161977,58],{"id":57},[60,161979,161981],{"className":62,"code":161980,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161982,161983,162015,162035,162039,162064],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,161984,161985,161987,161989,161991,161993,161995,161997,161999,162001,162003,162005,162007,162009,162011,162013],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,161986,5699],{"class":75},[69,161988,80],{"class":79},[69,161990,84],{"class":83},[69,161992,871],{"class":699},[69,161994,13572],{"class":703},[69,161996,871],{"class":699},[69,161998,91],{"class":83},[69,162000,881],{"class":699},[69,162002,36630],{"class":703},[69,162004,871],{"class":699},[69,162006,91],{"class":83},[69,162008,881],{"class":699},[69,162010,36639],{"class":703},[69,162012,871],{"class":699},[69,162014,117],{"class":83},[69,162016,162017,162019,162021,162023,162025,162027,162029,162031,162033],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,162018,5768],{"class":75},[69,162020,80],{"class":79},[69,162022,84],{"class":83},[69,162024,14195],{"class":87},[69,162026,91],{"class":83},[69,162028,14200],{"class":87},[69,162030,91],{"class":83},[69,162032,29608],{"class":87},[69,162034,117],{"class":83},[69,162036,162037],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,162038,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,162040,162041,162043,162045,162047,162049,162051,162054,162056,162058,162060,162062],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,162042,1514],{"class":1053},[69,162044,36681],{"class":75},[69,162046,91],{"class":83},[69,162048,5809],{"class":75},[69,162050,1574],{"class":1053},[69,162052,162053],{"class":128}," zip",[69,162055,132],{"class":83},[69,162057,5743],{"class":146},[69,162059,91],{"class":83},[69,162061,5814],{"class":146},[69,162063,1048],{"class":83},[69,162065,162066,162068,162070,162072,162074,162076],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,162067,8756],{"class":128},[69,162069,132],{"class":83},[69,162071,8356],{"class":146},[69,162073,91],{"class":83},[69,162075,131341],{"class":146},[69,162077,166],{"class":83},[20,162079,321],{},[60,162081,162083],{"className":62,"code":162082,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,162084,162085,162091,162098],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,162086,162087,162089],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,162088,134360],{"class":75},[69,162090,33826],{"class":87},[69,162092,162093,162096],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,162094,162095],{"class":75},"Ben ",[69,162097,33831],{"class":87},[69,162099,162100,162103],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,162101,162102],{"class":75},"Cara ",[69,162104,33836],{"class":87},[20,162106,1378,162107,162109],{},[15,162108,64797],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[55,162111,202,162113,205],{"id":162112},"what-zip-does",[15,162114,64797],{},[29,162116,162117,162122,162125,162128],{},[32,162118,162119,162121],{},[15,162120,64797],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[32,162123,162124],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[32,162126,162127],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[32,162129,162130],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,162132,162133],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[55,162135,2888],{"id":2887},[20,162137,7906],{},[60,162139,162141],{"className":62,"code":162140,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,162142,162143],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,162144,162145,162147,162149,162152,162154,162157,162159,162161],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,162146,64867],{"class":128},[69,162148,132],{"class":83},[69,162150,162151],{"class":146},"iterable1",[69,162153,91],{"class":83},[69,162155,162156],{"class":146}," iterable2",[69,162158,91],{"class":83},[69,162160,35144],{"class":128},[69,162162,166],{"class":83},[20,162164,162165],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,162167,162168],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[60,162170,162172],{"className":62,"code":162171,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,162173,162174,162194,162226,162230],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,162175,162176,162178,162180,162182,162184,162186,162188,162190,162192],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,162177,76],{"class":75},[69,162179,80],{"class":79},[69,162181,84],{"class":83},[69,162183,88],{"class":87},[69,162185,91],{"class":83},[69,162187,94],{"class":87},[69,162189,91],{"class":83},[69,162191,99],{"class":87},[69,162193,117],{"class":83},[69,162195,162196,162198,162200,162202,162204,162206,162208,162210,162212,162214,162216,162218,162220,162222,162224],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,162197,36780],{"class":75},[69,162199,80],{"class":79},[69,162201,84],{"class":83},[69,162203,871],{"class":699},[69,162205,533],{"class":703},[69,162207,871],{"class":699},[69,162209,91],{"class":83},[69,162211,881],{"class":699},[69,162213,5465],{"class":703},[69,162215,871],{"class":699},[69,162217,91],{"class":83},[69,162219,881],{"class":699},[69,162221,10425],{"class":703},[69,162223,871],{"class":699},[69,162225,117],{"class":83},[69,162227,162228],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,162229,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,162231,162232,162234,162236,162238,162240,162242,162244,162246,162248,162250],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,162233,172],{"class":128},[69,162235,132],{"class":83},[69,162237,178],{"class":177},[69,162239,132],{"class":83},[69,162241,64867],{"class":128},[69,162243,132],{"class":83},[69,162245,4366],{"class":146},[69,162247,91],{"class":83},[69,162249,70574],{"class":146},[69,162251,2019],{"class":83},[20,162253,321],{},[60,162255,162257],{"className":62,"code":162256,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,162258,162259],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,162260,162261,162263,162265,162267,162269,162271,162273,162275,162277,162279,162281,162283,162285,162287,162289,162291,162293,162295,162297,162299,162301],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,162262,22430],{"class":83},[69,162264,88],{"class":87},[69,162266,91],{"class":83},[69,162268,700],{"class":699},[69,162270,533],{"class":703},[69,162272,706],{"class":699},[69,162274,9920],{"class":83},[69,162276,441],{"class":83},[69,162278,1155],{"class":87},[69,162280,91],{"class":83},[69,162282,700],{"class":699},[69,162284,5465],{"class":703},[69,162286,706],{"class":699},[69,162288,9920],{"class":83},[69,162290,441],{"class":83},[69,162292,346],{"class":87},[69,162294,91],{"class":83},[69,162296,700],{"class":699},[69,162298,10425],{"class":703},[69,162300,706],{"class":699},[69,162302,9935],{"class":83},[20,162304,162305],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[60,162307,162309],{"className":62,"code":162308,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,162310,162311,162343,162363,162397,162401],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,162312,162313,162315,162317,162319,162321,162323,162325,162327,162329,162331,162333,162335,162337,162339,162341],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,162314,5699],{"class":75},[69,162316,80],{"class":79},[69,162318,84],{"class":83},[69,162320,871],{"class":699},[69,162322,13572],{"class":703},[69,162324,871],{"class":699},[69,162326,91],{"class":83},[69,162328,881],{"class":699},[69,162330,36630],{"class":703},[69,162332,871],{"class":699},[69,162334,91],{"class":83},[69,162336,881],{"class":699},[69,162338,36639],{"class":703},[69,162340,871],{"class":699},[69,162342,117],{"class":83},[69,162344,162345,162347,162349,162351,162353,162355,162357,162359,162361],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,162346,5768],{"class":75},[69,162348,80],{"class":79},[69,162350,84],{"class":83},[69,162352,14195],{"class":87},[69,162354,91],{"class":83},[69,162356,14200],{"class":87},[69,162358,91],{"class":83},[69,162360,29608],{"class":87},[69,162362,117],{"class":83},[69,162364,162365,162368,162370,162372,162374,162376,162378,162380,162382,162384,162386,162388,162390,162393,162395],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,162366,162367],{"class":75},"grades ",[69,162369,80],{"class":79},[69,162371,84],{"class":83},[69,162373,871],{"class":699},[69,162375,22934],{"class":703},[69,162377,871],{"class":699},[69,162379,91],{"class":83},[69,162381,881],{"class":699},[69,162383,31289],{"class":703},[69,162385,871],{"class":699},[69,162387,91],{"class":83},[69,162389,881],{"class":699},[69,162391,162392],{"class":703},"B+",[69,162394,871],{"class":699},[69,162396,117],{"class":83},[69,162398,162399],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,162400,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,162402,162403,162405,162407,162409,162411,162413,162415,162417,162419,162421,162423,162426],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,162404,172],{"class":128},[69,162406,132],{"class":83},[69,162408,178],{"class":177},[69,162410,132],{"class":83},[69,162412,64867],{"class":128},[69,162414,132],{"class":83},[69,162416,5743],{"class":146},[69,162418,91],{"class":83},[69,162420,5814],{"class":146},[69,162422,91],{"class":83},[69,162424,162425],{"class":146}," grades",[69,162427,2019],{"class":83},[20,162429,321],{},[60,162431,162433],{"className":62,"code":162432,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,162434,162435],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,162436,162437,162439,162441,162443,162445,162447,162449,162451,162453,162455,162457,162459,162461,162463,162465,162467,162469,162471,162473,162475,162477,162479,162481,162483,162485,162487,162489,162491,162493,162495,162497,162499,162501],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,162438,22430],{"class":83},[69,162440,706],{"class":699},[69,162442,13572],{"class":703},[69,162444,706],{"class":699},[69,162446,91],{"class":83},[69,162448,20589],{"class":87},[69,162450,91],{"class":83},[69,162452,700],{"class":699},[69,162454,22934],{"class":703},[69,162456,706],{"class":699},[69,162458,9920],{"class":83},[69,162460,441],{"class":83},[69,162462,706],{"class":699},[69,162464,36630],{"class":703},[69,162466,706],{"class":699},[69,162468,91],{"class":83},[69,162470,14200],{"class":87},[69,162472,91],{"class":83},[69,162474,700],{"class":699},[69,162476,31289],{"class":703},[69,162478,706],{"class":699},[69,162480,9920],{"class":83},[69,162482,441],{"class":83},[69,162484,706],{"class":699},[69,162486,36639],{"class":703},[69,162488,706],{"class":699},[69,162490,91],{"class":83},[69,162492,29608],{"class":87},[69,162494,91],{"class":83},[69,162496,700],{"class":699},[69,162498,162392],{"class":703},[69,162500,706],{"class":699},[69,162502,9935],{"class":83},[55,162504,162506],{"id":162505},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,162508,162509],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[60,162511,162513],{"className":62,"code":162512,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,162514,162515,162547,162567,162571,162595],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,162516,162517,162519,162521,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531,162533,162535,162537,162539,162541,162543,162545],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,162518,5699],{"class":75},[69,162520,80],{"class":79},[69,162522,84],{"class":83},[69,162524,871],{"class":699},[69,162526,13572],{"class":703},[69,162528,871],{"class":699},[69,162530,91],{"class":83},[69,162532,881],{"class":699},[69,162534,36630],{"class":703},[69,162536,871],{"class":699},[69,162538,91],{"class":83},[69,162540,881],{"class":699},[69,162542,36639],{"class":703},[69,162544,871],{"class":699},[69,162546,117],{"class":83},[69,162548,162549,162551,162553,162555,162557,162559,162561,162563,162565],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,162550,5768],{"class":75},[69,162552,80],{"class":79},[69,162554,84],{"class":83},[69,162556,14195],{"class":87},[69,162558,91],{"class":83},[69,162560,14200],{"class":87},[69,162562,91],{"class":83},[69,162564,29608],{"class":87},[69,162566,117],{"class":83},[69,162568,162569],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,162570,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,162572,162573,162575,162577,162579,162581,162583,162585,162587,162589,162591,162593],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,162574,1514],{"class":1053},[69,162576,36681],{"class":75},[69,162578,91],{"class":83},[69,162580,5809],{"class":75},[69,162582,1574],{"class":1053},[69,162584,162053],{"class":128},[69,162586,132],{"class":83},[69,162588,5743],{"class":146},[69,162590,91],{"class":83},[69,162592,5814],{"class":146},[69,162594,1048],{"class":83},[69,162596,162597,162599,162601,162603,162605,162607,162609,162611,162614,162616,162618,162620,162622],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,162598,8756],{"class":128},[69,162600,132],{"class":83},[69,162602,22983],{"class":135},[69,162604,871],{"class":703},[69,162606,9964],{"class":87},[69,162608,8356],{"class":146},[69,162610,22992],{"class":87},[69,162612,162613],{"class":703}," scored ",[69,162615,9964],{"class":87},[69,162617,85998],{"class":146},[69,162619,22992],{"class":87},[69,162621,871],{"class":703},[69,162623,166],{"class":83},[20,162625,321],{},[60,162627,162629],{"className":62,"code":162628,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162630,162631,162638,162645],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,162632,162633,162636],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,162634,162635],{"class":75},"Ana scored ",[69,162637,33826],{"class":87},[69,162639,162640,162643],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,162641,162642],{"class":75},"Ben scored ",[69,162644,33831],{"class":87},[69,162646,162647,162650],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,162648,162649],{"class":75},"Cara scored ",[69,162651,33836],{"class":87},[20,162653,45402],{},[29,162655,162656,162665,162668],{},[32,162657,162658,162661,162662],{},[15,162659,162660],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162663,162664],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[32,162666,162667],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[32,162669,162670,5096,162672,162674],{},[15,162671,8356],{},[15,162673,85998],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162676,162677,162678,537],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[533,162679,70091],{"href":70090},[55,162681,162683],{"id":162682},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162685,162686,162688],{},[15,162687,64797],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162690,162691],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[60,162693,162695],{"className":62,"code":162694,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162696,162697,162738,162754,162758,162782],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,162698,162699,162701,162703,162705,162707,162709,162711,162713,162715,162717,162719,162721,162723,162725,162727,162729,162731,162734,162736],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,162700,5699],{"class":75},[69,162702,80],{"class":79},[69,162704,84],{"class":83},[69,162706,871],{"class":699},[69,162708,13572],{"class":703},[69,162710,871],{"class":699},[69,162712,91],{"class":83},[69,162714,881],{"class":699},[69,162716,36630],{"class":703},[69,162718,871],{"class":699},[69,162720,91],{"class":83},[69,162722,881],{"class":699},[69,162724,36639],{"class":703},[69,162726,871],{"class":699},[69,162728,91],{"class":83},[69,162730,881],{"class":699},[69,162732,162733],{"class":703},"Dan",[69,162735,871],{"class":699},[69,162737,117],{"class":83},[69,162739,162740,162742,162744,162746,162748,162750,162752],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,162741,5768],{"class":75},[69,162743,80],{"class":79},[69,162745,84],{"class":83},[69,162747,14195],{"class":87},[69,162749,91],{"class":83},[69,162751,14200],{"class":87},[69,162753,117],{"class":83},[69,162755,162756],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,162757,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,162759,162760,162762,162764,162766,162768,162770,162772,162774,162776,162778,162780],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,162761,1514],{"class":1053},[69,162763,36681],{"class":75},[69,162765,91],{"class":83},[69,162767,5809],{"class":75},[69,162769,1574],{"class":1053},[69,162771,162053],{"class":128},[69,162773,132],{"class":83},[69,162775,5743],{"class":146},[69,162777,91],{"class":83},[69,162779,5814],{"class":146},[69,162781,1048],{"class":83},[69,162783,162784,162786,162788,162790,162792,162794],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,162785,8756],{"class":128},[69,162787,132],{"class":83},[69,162789,8356],{"class":146},[69,162791,91],{"class":83},[69,162793,131341],{"class":146},[69,162795,166],{"class":83},[20,162797,321],{},[60,162799,162801],{"className":62,"code":162800,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162802,162803,162809],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,162804,162805,162807],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,162806,134360],{"class":75},[69,162808,33826],{"class":87},[69,162810,162811,162813],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,162812,162095],{"class":75},[69,162814,33831],{"class":87},[20,162816,3013,162817,5096,162820,162823],{},[15,162818,162819],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162821,162822],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162825,162826],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[60,162828,162830],{"className":62,"code":162829,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162831,162832,162872,162888,162892],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,162833,162834,162836,162838,162840,162842,162844,162846,162848,162850,162852,162854,162856,162858,162860,162862,162864,162866,162868,162870],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,162835,5699],{"class":75},[69,162837,80],{"class":79},[69,162839,84],{"class":83},[69,162841,871],{"class":699},[69,162843,13572],{"class":703},[69,162845,871],{"class":699},[69,162847,91],{"class":83},[69,162849,881],{"class":699},[69,162851,36630],{"class":703},[69,162853,871],{"class":699},[69,162855,91],{"class":83},[69,162857,881],{"class":699},[69,162859,36639],{"class":703},[69,162861,871],{"class":699},[69,162863,91],{"class":83},[69,162865,881],{"class":699},[69,162867,162733],{"class":703},[69,162869,871],{"class":699},[69,162871,117],{"class":83},[69,162873,162874,162876,162878,162880,162882,162884,162886],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,162875,5768],{"class":75},[69,162877,80],{"class":79},[69,162879,84],{"class":83},[69,162881,14195],{"class":87},[69,162883,91],{"class":83},[69,162885,14200],{"class":87},[69,162887,117],{"class":83},[69,162889,162890],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,162891,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,162893,162894,162896,162898,162900,162902,162904,162906,162908,162910,162912],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,162895,172],{"class":128},[69,162897,132],{"class":83},[69,162899,11850],{"class":128},[69,162901,132],{"class":83},[69,162903,5743],{"class":146},[69,162905,9920],{"class":83},[69,162907,930],{"class":128},[69,162909,132],{"class":83},[69,162911,17080],{"class":146},[69,162913,318],{"class":83},[20,162915,321],{},[60,162917,162919],{"className":62,"code":162918,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"4 2\n",[15,162920,162921],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,162922,162923,162925],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,162924,334],{"class":87},[69,162926,46061],{"class":87},[20,162928,162929,162930,537],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162931,64797],{},[55,162933,92589,162935,162937],{"id":162934},"converting-zip-output",[15,162936,64797],{}," output",[20,162939,29749,162940,162942],{},[15,162941,64797],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[377,162944,1378,162946],{"id":162945},"use-listzip",[15,162947,162948],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162950,162951],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[60,162953,162955],{"className":62,"code":162954,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162956,162957,162989,163009,163013,163035],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,162958,162959,162961,162963,162965,162967,162969,162971,162973,162975,162977,162979,162981,162983,162985,162987],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,162960,5699],{"class":75},[69,162962,80],{"class":79},[69,162964,84],{"class":83},[69,162966,871],{"class":699},[69,162968,13572],{"class":703},[69,162970,871],{"class":699},[69,162972,91],{"class":83},[69,162974,881],{"class":699},[69,162976,36630],{"class":703},[69,162978,871],{"class":699},[69,162980,91],{"class":83},[69,162982,881],{"class":699},[69,162984,36639],{"class":703},[69,162986,871],{"class":699},[69,162988,117],{"class":83},[69,162990,162991,162993,162995,162997,162999,163001,163003,163005,163007],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,162992,5768],{"class":75},[69,162994,80],{"class":79},[69,162996,84],{"class":83},[69,162998,14195],{"class":87},[69,163000,91],{"class":83},[69,163002,14200],{"class":87},[69,163004,91],{"class":83},[69,163006,29608],{"class":87},[69,163008,117],{"class":83},[69,163010,163011],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,163012,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,163014,163015,163017,163019,163021,163023,163025,163027,163029,163031,163033],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,163016,9902],{"class":75},[69,163018,80],{"class":79},[69,163020,2162],{"class":177},[69,163022,132],{"class":83},[69,163024,64867],{"class":128},[69,163026,132],{"class":83},[69,163028,5743],{"class":146},[69,163030,91],{"class":83},[69,163032,5814],{"class":146},[69,163034,318],{"class":83},[69,163036,163037,163039,163041,163043],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,163038,172],{"class":128},[69,163040,132],{"class":83},[69,163042,9948],{"class":146},[69,163044,166],{"class":83},[20,163046,321],{},[60,163048,163050],{"className":62,"code":163049,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,163051,163052],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,163053,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064,163066,163068,163070,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080,163082,163084,163086,163088,163090,163092,163094],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,163055,22430],{"class":83},[69,163057,706],{"class":699},[69,163059,13572],{"class":703},[69,163061,706],{"class":699},[69,163063,91],{"class":83},[69,163065,20589],{"class":87},[69,163067,9920],{"class":83},[69,163069,441],{"class":83},[69,163071,706],{"class":699},[69,163073,36630],{"class":703},[69,163075,706],{"class":699},[69,163077,91],{"class":83},[69,163079,14200],{"class":87},[69,163081,9920],{"class":83},[69,163083,441],{"class":83},[69,163085,706],{"class":699},[69,163087,36639],{"class":703},[69,163089,706],{"class":699},[69,163091,91],{"class":83},[69,163093,29608],{"class":87},[69,163095,9935],{"class":83},[377,163097,1378,163099],{"id":163098},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,163100,163101],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,163103,163104],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[60,163106,163108],{"className":62,"code":163107,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,163109,163110,163142,163170,163174,163196],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,163111,163112,163114,163116,163118,163120,163122,163124,163126,163128,163130,163132,163134,163136,163138,163140],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,163113,17931],{"class":75},[69,163115,80],{"class":79},[69,163117,84],{"class":83},[69,163119,871],{"class":699},[69,163121,8356],{"class":703},[69,163123,871],{"class":699},[69,163125,91],{"class":83},[69,163127,881],{"class":699},[69,163129,9985],{"class":703},[69,163131,871],{"class":699},[69,163133,91],{"class":83},[69,163135,881],{"class":699},[69,163137,11095],{"class":703},[69,163139,871],{"class":699},[69,163141,117],{"class":83},[69,163143,163144,163146,163148,163150,163152,163154,163156,163158,163160,163162,163164,163166,163168],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,163145,4536],{"class":75},[69,163147,80],{"class":79},[69,163149,84],{"class":83},[69,163151,871],{"class":699},[69,163153,13572],{"class":703},[69,163155,871],{"class":699},[69,163157,91],{"class":83},[69,163159,459],{"class":87},[69,163161,91],{"class":83},[69,163163,881],{"class":699},[69,163165,16722],{"class":703},[69,163167,871],{"class":699},[69,163169,117],{"class":83},[69,163171,163172],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,163173,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,163175,163176,163178,163180,163182,163184,163186,163188,163190,163192,163194],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,163177,13897],{"class":75},[69,163179,80],{"class":79},[69,163181,9857],{"class":177},[69,163183,132],{"class":83},[69,163185,64867],{"class":128},[69,163187,132],{"class":83},[69,163189,17613],{"class":146},[69,163191,91],{"class":83},[69,163193,4594],{"class":146},[69,163195,318],{"class":83},[69,163197,163198,163200,163202,163204],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,163199,172],{"class":128},[69,163201,132],{"class":83},[69,163203,17996],{"class":146},[69,163205,166],{"class":83},[20,163207,321],{},[60,163209,163211],{"className":62,"code":163210,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,163212,163213],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,163214,163215,163217,163219,163221,163223,163225,163227,163229,163231,163233,163235,163237,163239,163241,163243,163245,163247,163249,163251,163253,163255,163257,163259],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,163216,9964],{"class":83},[69,163218,706],{"class":699},[69,163220,8356],{"class":703},[69,163222,706],{"class":699},[69,163224,143],{"class":83},[69,163226,700],{"class":699},[69,163228,13572],{"class":703},[69,163230,706],{"class":699},[69,163232,91],{"class":83},[69,163234,700],{"class":699},[69,163236,9985],{"class":703},[69,163238,706],{"class":699},[69,163240,143],{"class":83},[69,163242,459],{"class":87},[69,163244,91],{"class":83},[69,163246,700],{"class":699},[69,163248,11095],{"class":703},[69,163250,706],{"class":699},[69,163252,143],{"class":83},[69,163254,700],{"class":699},[69,163256,16722],{"class":703},[69,163258,706],{"class":699},[69,163260,9994],{"class":83},[20,163262,163263,163264,537],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[533,163265,31776],{"href":31775},[377,163267,163269],{"id":163268},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,163271,163272],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[60,163274,163276],{"className":62,"code":163275,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,163277,163278,163302,163318,163322,163340,163344,163358],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,163279,163280,163282,163284,163286,163288,163290,163292,163294,163296,163298,163300],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,163281,5699],{"class":75},[69,163283,80],{"class":79},[69,163285,84],{"class":83},[69,163287,871],{"class":699},[69,163289,13572],{"class":703},[69,163291,871],{"class":699},[69,163293,91],{"class":83},[69,163295,881],{"class":699},[69,163297,36630],{"class":703},[69,163299,871],{"class":699},[69,163301,117],{"class":83},[69,163303,163304,163306,163308,163310,163312,163314,163316],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,163305,5768],{"class":75},[69,163307,80],{"class":79},[69,163309,84],{"class":83},[69,163311,14195],{"class":87},[69,163313,91],{"class":83},[69,163315,14200],{"class":87},[69,163317,117],{"class":83},[69,163319,163320],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,163321,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,163323,163324,163326,163328,163330,163332,163334,163336,163338],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,163325,9902],{"class":75},[69,163327,80],{"class":79},[69,163329,162053],{"class":128},[69,163331,132],{"class":83},[69,163333,5743],{"class":146},[69,163335,91],{"class":83},[69,163337,5814],{"class":146},[69,163339,166],{"class":83},[69,163341,163342],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,163343,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,163345,163346,163348,163350,163352,163354,163356],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,163347,172],{"class":128},[69,163349,132],{"class":83},[69,163351,178],{"class":177},[69,163353,132],{"class":83},[69,163355,9948],{"class":146},[69,163357,318],{"class":83},[69,163359,163360,163362,163364,163366,163368,163370],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,163361,172],{"class":128},[69,163363,132],{"class":83},[69,163365,178],{"class":177},[69,163367,132],{"class":83},[69,163369,9948],{"class":146},[69,163371,318],{"class":83},[20,163373,321],{},[60,163375,163377],{"className":62,"code":163376,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,163378,163379,163409],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,163380,163381,163383,163385,163387,163389,163391,163393,163395,163397,163399,163401,163403,163405,163407],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,163382,22430],{"class":83},[69,163384,706],{"class":699},[69,163386,13572],{"class":703},[69,163388,706],{"class":699},[69,163390,91],{"class":83},[69,163392,20589],{"class":87},[69,163394,9920],{"class":83},[69,163396,441],{"class":83},[69,163398,706],{"class":699},[69,163400,36630],{"class":703},[69,163402,706],{"class":699},[69,163404,91],{"class":83},[69,163406,14200],{"class":87},[69,163408,9935],{"class":83},[69,163410,163411],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,163412,833],{"class":83},[20,163414,163415],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,163417,163418,163419,537],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[533,163420,536],{"href":535},[55,163422,41515],{"id":41514},[20,163424,163425,163426,537],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,163427,64797],{},[377,163429,163431],{"id":163430},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[60,163433,163435],{"className":62,"code":163434,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,163436,163437,163469,163489,163493,163517],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,163438,163439,163441,163443,163445,163447,163449,163451,163453,163455,163457,163459,163461,163463,163465,163467],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,163440,5699],{"class":75},[69,163442,80],{"class":79},[69,163444,84],{"class":83},[69,163446,871],{"class":699},[69,163448,13572],{"class":703},[69,163450,871],{"class":699},[69,163452,91],{"class":83},[69,163454,881],{"class":699},[69,163456,36630],{"class":703},[69,163458,871],{"class":699},[69,163460,91],{"class":83},[69,163462,881],{"class":699},[69,163464,36639],{"class":703},[69,163466,871],{"class":699},[69,163468,117],{"class":83},[69,163470,163471,163473,163475,163477,163479,163481,163483,163485,163487],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,163472,5768],{"class":75},[69,163474,80],{"class":79},[69,163476,84],{"class":83},[69,163478,14195],{"class":87},[69,163480,91],{"class":83},[69,163482,14200],{"class":87},[69,163484,91],{"class":83},[69,163486,29608],{"class":87},[69,163488,117],{"class":83},[69,163490,163491],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,163492,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,163494,163495,163497,163499,163501,163503,163505,163507,163509,163511,163513,163515],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,163496,1514],{"class":1053},[69,163498,36681],{"class":75},[69,163500,91],{"class":83},[69,163502,5809],{"class":75},[69,163504,1574],{"class":1053},[69,163506,162053],{"class":128},[69,163508,132],{"class":83},[69,163510,5743],{"class":146},[69,163512,91],{"class":83},[69,163514,5814],{"class":146},[69,163516,1048],{"class":83},[69,163518,163519,163521,163523,163525,163527,163529,163531,163533,163535,163537,163539,163541,163543],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,163520,8756],{"class":128},[69,163522,132],{"class":83},[69,163524,22983],{"class":135},[69,163526,871],{"class":703},[69,163528,9964],{"class":87},[69,163530,8356],{"class":146},[69,163532,22992],{"class":87},[69,163534,22995],{"class":703},[69,163536,9964],{"class":87},[69,163538,85998],{"class":146},[69,163540,22992],{"class":87},[69,163542,871],{"class":703},[69,163544,166],{"class":83},[377,163546,163548],{"id":163547},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[60,163550,163552],{"className":62,"code":163551,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,163553,163554,163586,163610,163614,163636],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,163555,163556,163558,163560,163562,163564,163566,163568,163570,163572,163574,163576,163578,163580,163582,163584],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,163557,17931],{"class":75},[69,163559,80],{"class":79},[69,163561,84],{"class":83},[69,163563,871],{"class":699},[69,163565,13341],{"class":703},[69,163567,871],{"class":699},[69,163569,91],{"class":83},[69,163571,881],{"class":699},[69,163573,8356],{"class":703},[69,163575,871],{"class":699},[69,163577,91],{"class":83},[69,163579,881],{"class":699},[69,163581,16512],{"class":703},[69,163583,871],{"class":699},[69,163585,117],{"class":83},[69,163587,163588,163590,163592,163594,163596,163598,163600,163602,163604,163606,163608],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,163589,4536],{"class":75},[69,163591,80],{"class":79},[69,163593,84],{"class":83},[69,163595,47064],{"class":87},[69,163597,91],{"class":83},[69,163599,881],{"class":699},[69,163601,13572],{"class":703},[69,163603,871],{"class":699},[69,163605,91],{"class":83},[69,163607,1287],{"class":1203},[69,163609,117],{"class":83},[69,163611,163612],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,163613,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,163615,163616,163618,163620,163622,163624,163626,163628,163630,163632,163634],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,163617,9852],{"class":75},[69,163619,80],{"class":79},[69,163621,9857],{"class":177},[69,163623,132],{"class":83},[69,163625,64867],{"class":128},[69,163627,132],{"class":83},[69,163629,17613],{"class":146},[69,163631,91],{"class":83},[69,163633,4594],{"class":146},[69,163635,318],{"class":83},[69,163637,163638,163640,163642,163644],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,163639,172],{"class":128},[69,163641,132],{"class":83},[69,163643,9891],{"class":146},[69,163645,166],{"class":83},[377,163647,163649],{"id":163648},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[60,163651,163653],{"className":62,"code":163652,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163654,163655,163675,163695,163699,163724],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,163656,163657,163659,163661,163663,163665,163667,163669,163671,163673],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,163658,81136],{"class":75},[69,163660,80],{"class":79},[69,163662,84],{"class":83},[69,163664,444],{"class":87},[69,163666,91],{"class":83},[69,163668,454],{"class":87},[69,163670,91],{"class":83},[69,163672,8482],{"class":87},[69,163674,117],{"class":83},[69,163676,163677,163679,163681,163683,163685,163687,163689,163691,163693],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,163678,81157],{"class":75},[69,163680,80],{"class":79},[69,163682,84],{"class":83},[69,163684,444],{"class":87},[69,163686,91],{"class":83},[69,163688,459],{"class":87},[69,163690,91],{"class":83},[69,163692,8482],{"class":87},[69,163694,117],{"class":83},[69,163696,163697],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,163698,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,163700,163701,163703,163705,163707,163710,163712,163714,163716,163718,163720,163722],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,163702,1514],{"class":1053},[69,163704,57363],{"class":75},[69,163706,91],{"class":83},[69,163708,163709],{"class":75}," b ",[69,163711,1574],{"class":1053},[69,163713,162053],{"class":128},[69,163715,132],{"class":83},[69,163717,112228],{"class":146},[69,163719,91],{"class":83},[69,163721,81200],{"class":146},[69,163723,1048],{"class":83},[69,163725,163726,163728,163730,163732,163734,163736],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,163727,8756],{"class":128},[69,163729,132],{"class":83},[69,163731,3280],{"class":146},[69,163733,5392],{"class":79},[69,163735,3285],{"class":146},[69,163737,166],{"class":83},[20,163739,321],{},[60,163741,163743],{"className":62,"code":163742,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163744,163745,163749,163753],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,163746,163747],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,163748,4685],{"class":1203},[69,163750,163751],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,163752,4746],{"class":1203},[69,163754,163755],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,163756,4685],{"class":1203},[377,163758,163760],{"id":163759},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[60,163762,163764],{"className":62,"code":163763,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163765,163766,163801,163824,163828,163855],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,163767,163768,163771,163773,163775,163777,163779,163781,163783,163785,163788,163790,163792,163794,163797,163799],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,163769,163770],{"class":75},"products ",[69,163772,80],{"class":79},[69,163774,84],{"class":83},[69,163776,871],{"class":699},[69,163778,25828],{"class":703},[69,163780,871],{"class":699},[69,163782,91],{"class":83},[69,163784,881],{"class":699},[69,163786,163787],{"class":703},"Pen",[69,163789,871],{"class":699},[69,163791,91],{"class":83},[69,163793,881],{"class":699},[69,163795,163796],{"class":703},"Bag",[69,163798,871],{"class":699},[69,163800,117],{"class":83},[69,163802,163803,163805,163807,163809,163812,163814,163817,163819,163822],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,163804,83526],{"class":75},[69,163806,80],{"class":79},[69,163808,84],{"class":83},[69,163810,163811],{"class":87},"12.5",[69,163813,91],{"class":83},[69,163815,163816],{"class":87}," 1.2",[69,163818,91],{"class":83},[69,163820,163821],{"class":87}," 25.0",[69,163823,117],{"class":83},[69,163825,163826],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,163827,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,163829,163830,163832,163834,163836,163839,163841,163843,163845,163848,163850,163853],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,163831,1514],{"class":1053},[69,163833,25889],{"class":75},[69,163835,91],{"class":83},[69,163837,163838],{"class":75}," price ",[69,163840,1574],{"class":1053},[69,163842,162053],{"class":128},[69,163844,132],{"class":83},[69,163846,163847],{"class":146},"products",[69,163849,91],{"class":83},[69,163851,163852],{"class":146}," prices",[69,163854,1048],{"class":83},[69,163856,163857,163859,163861,163863,163865,163867,163869,163871,163874,163876,163878,163880,163882],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,163858,8756],{"class":128},[69,163860,132],{"class":83},[69,163862,22983],{"class":135},[69,163864,871],{"class":703},[69,163866,9964],{"class":87},[69,163868,27697],{"class":146},[69,163870,22992],{"class":87},[69,163872,163873],{"class":703}," costs $",[69,163875,9964],{"class":87},[69,163877,25837],{"class":146},[69,163879,22992],{"class":87},[69,163881,871],{"class":703},[69,163883,166],{"class":83},[20,163885,37292,163886,537],{},[533,163887,163889],{"href":163888},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[55,163891,163893,163894],{"id":163892},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163895,64797],{},[377,163897,1780,163899,163901],{"id":163898},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163900,64797],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163903,163904,163906],{},[15,163905,64797],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163908,163909],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[60,163911,163913],{"className":62,"code":163912,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163914,163915],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,163916,163917,163919,163921,163923,163925,163927,163929,163931,163933,163935],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,163918,172],{"class":128},[69,163920,132],{"class":83},[69,163922,11850],{"class":128},[69,163924,132],{"class":83},[69,163926,112228],{"class":146},[69,163928,9920],{"class":83},[69,163930,930],{"class":128},[69,163932,132],{"class":83},[69,163934,81423],{"class":146},[69,163936,318],{"class":83},[377,163938,163940],{"id":163939},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163942,69314],{},[60,163944,163946],{"className":62,"code":163945,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163947,163948,163984,163988,164001,164011,164015,164027],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,163949,163950,163952,163954,163956,163958,163960,163962,163964,163966,163968,163970,163972,163974,163976,163978,163980,163982],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,163951,9902],{"class":75},[69,163953,80],{"class":79},[69,163955,162053],{"class":128},[69,163957,3710],{"class":83},[69,163959,88],{"class":87},[69,163961,91],{"class":83},[69,163963,94],{"class":87},[69,163965,18752],{"class":83},[69,163967,84],{"class":83},[69,163969,871],{"class":699},[69,163971,533],{"class":703},[69,163973,871],{"class":699},[69,163975,91],{"class":83},[69,163977,881],{"class":699},[69,163979,5465],{"class":703},[69,163981,871],{"class":699},[69,163983,618],{"class":83},[69,163985,163986],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,163987,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,163989,163990,163992,163994,163996,163999],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,163991,1514],{"class":1053},[69,163993,6658],{"class":75},[69,163995,1574],{"class":1053},[69,163997,163998],{"class":75}," pairs",[69,164000,1579],{"class":83},[69,164002,164003,164005,164007,164009],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,164004,8756],{"class":128},[69,164006,132],{"class":83},[69,164008,23999],{"class":146},[69,164010,166],{"class":83},[69,164012,164013],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,164014,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,164016,164017,164019,164021,164023,164025],{"class":71,"line":1124},[69,164018,1514],{"class":1053},[69,164020,6658],{"class":75},[69,164022,1574],{"class":1053},[69,164024,163998],{"class":75},[69,164026,1579],{"class":83},[69,164028,164029,164031,164033,164035],{"class":71,"line":1129},[69,164030,8756],{"class":128},[69,164032,132],{"class":83},[69,164034,23999],{"class":146},[69,164036,166],{"class":83},[20,164038,164039],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[377,164041,164043],{"id":164042},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,164045,164046],{},"This is correct:",[60,164048,164050],{"className":62,"code":164049,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,164051,164052,164076,164092,164096,164120],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,164053,164054,164056,164058,164060,164062,164064,164066,164068,164070,164072,164074],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,164055,5699],{"class":75},[69,164057,80],{"class":79},[69,164059,84],{"class":83},[69,164061,871],{"class":699},[69,164063,13572],{"class":703},[69,164065,871],{"class":699},[69,164067,91],{"class":83},[69,164069,881],{"class":699},[69,164071,36630],{"class":703},[69,164073,871],{"class":699},[69,164075,117],{"class":83},[69,164077,164078,164080,164082,164084,164086,164088,164090],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,164079,5768],{"class":75},[69,164081,80],{"class":79},[69,164083,84],{"class":83},[69,164085,14195],{"class":87},[69,164087,91],{"class":83},[69,164089,14200],{"class":87},[69,164091,117],{"class":83},[69,164093,164094],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,164095,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,164097,164098,164100,164102,164104,164106,164108,164110,164112,164114,164116,164118],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,164099,1514],{"class":1053},[69,164101,36681],{"class":75},[69,164103,91],{"class":83},[69,164105,5809],{"class":75},[69,164107,1574],{"class":1053},[69,164109,162053],{"class":128},[69,164111,132],{"class":83},[69,164113,5743],{"class":146},[69,164115,91],{"class":83},[69,164117,5814],{"class":146},[69,164119,1048],{"class":83},[69,164121,164122,164124,164126,164128,164130,164132],{"class":71,"line":650},[69,164123,8756],{"class":128},[69,164125,132],{"class":83},[69,164127,8356],{"class":146},[69,164129,91],{"class":83},[69,164131,131341],{"class":146},[69,164133,166],{"class":83},[20,164135,164136],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[60,164138,164140],{"className":62,"code":164139,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,164141,164142,164162],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,164143,164144,164146,164148,164150,164152,164154,164156,164158,164160],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,164145,1514],{"class":1053},[69,164147,6658],{"class":75},[69,164149,1574],{"class":1053},[69,164151,162053],{"class":128},[69,164153,132],{"class":83},[69,164155,5743],{"class":146},[69,164157,91],{"class":83},[69,164159,5814],{"class":146},[69,164161,1048],{"class":83},[69,164163,164164,164166,164168,164170],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,164165,8756],{"class":128},[69,164167,132],{"class":83},[69,164169,23999],{"class":146},[69,164171,166],{"class":83},[20,164173,321],{},[60,164175,164177],{"className":62,"code":164176,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,164178,164179,164195],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,164180,164181,164183,164185,164187,164189,164191,164193],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,164182,132],{"class":83},[69,164184,706],{"class":699},[69,164186,13572],{"class":703},[69,164188,706],{"class":699},[69,164190,91],{"class":83},[69,164192,20589],{"class":87},[69,164194,166],{"class":83},[69,164196,164197,164199,164201,164203,164205,164207,164209],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,164198,132],{"class":83},[69,164200,706],{"class":699},[69,164202,36630],{"class":703},[69,164204,706],{"class":699},[69,164206,91],{"class":83},[69,164208,14200],{"class":87},[69,164210,166],{"class":83},[20,164212,164213],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[377,164215,840,164217,164219,164220],{"id":164216},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,164218,64797],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,164221,36438],{},[20,164223,1378,164224,164226],{},[15,164225,64797],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,164228,1378,164229,164231],{},[15,164230,36438],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[60,164233,164234],{"className":62,"code":36607,"language":64,"meta":65,"style":65},[15,164235,164236,164268,164272,164292],{"__ignoreMap":65},[69,164237,164238,164240,164242,164244,164246,164248,164250,164252,164254,164256,164258,164260,164262,164264,164266],{"class":71,"line":72},[69,164239,5699],{"class":75},[69,164241,80],{"class":79},[69,164243,84],{"class":83},[69,164245,871],{"class":699},[69,164247,13572],{"class":703},[69,164249,871],{"class":699},[69,164251,91],{"class":83},[69,164253,881],{"class":699},[69,164255,36630],{"class":703},[69,164257,871],{"class":699},[69,164259,91],{"class":83},[69,164261,881],{"class":699},[69,164263,36639],{"class":703},[69,164265,871],{"class":699},[69,164267,117],{"class":83},[69,164269,164270],{"class":71,"line":120},[69,164271,273],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":272},[69,164273,164274,164276,164278,164280,164282,164284,164286,164288,164290],{"class":71,"line":169},[69,164275,1514],{"class":1053},[69,164277,36510],{"class":75},[69,164279,91],{"class":83},[69,164281,36658],{"class":75},[69,164283,1574],{"class":1053},[69,164285,36520],{"class":128},[69,164287,132],{"class":83},[69,164289,5743],{"class":146},[69,164291,1048],{"class":83},[69,164293,164294,164296,164298,164300,164302,164304],{"class":71,"line":305},[69,164295,8756],{"class":128},[69,164297,132],{"class":83},[69,164299,36535],{"class":146},[69,164301,91],{"class":83},[69,164303,36681],{"class":146},[69,164305,166],{"class":83},[20,164307,164308,164309,537],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[533,164310,13,164311,2515],{"href":92501},[15,164312,36438],{},[55,164314,2519],{"id":2518},[377,164316,2561,164318,5846],{"id":164317},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,164319,64797],{},[20,164321,164322],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[377,164324,2523,164326,164328],{"id":164325},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,164327,64797],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,164330,164331],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[377,164333,164335,164336,3218],{"id":164334},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,164337,64797],{},[20,164339,164340,164341,537],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,164342,162948],{},[377,164344,164346,164347,3218],{"id":164345},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,164348,64797],{},[20,164350,128706,164351,164353],{},[15,164352,163101],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[377,164355,164357],{"id":164356},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,164359,164360],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[55,164362,2620],{"id":2619},[29,164364,164365,164370,164376,164380,164384],{},[32,164366,164367],{},[533,164368,164369],{"href":163888},"How to use zip in Python",[32,164371,164372],{},[533,164373,13,164374,2515],{"href":92501},[15,164375,36438],{},[32,164377,164378],{},[533,164379,2648],{"href":535},[32,164381,164382],{},[533,164383,70167],{"href":70090},[32,164385,164386],{},[533,164387,32950],{"href":31775},[2650,164389,164390],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":65,"searchDepth":120,"depth":120,"links":164392},[164393,164394,164396,164397,164398,164399,164407,164413,164422,164433],{"id":57,"depth":120,"text":58},{"id":162112,"depth":120,"text":164395},"What zip() does",{"id":2887,"depth":120,"text":2888},{"id":162505,"depth":120,"text":162506},{"id":162682,"depth":120,"text":162683},{"id":162934,"depth":120,"text":164400,"children":164401},"Converting zip() output",[164402,164404,164406],{"id":162945,"depth":169,"text":164403},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":163098,"depth":169,"text":164405},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":163268,"depth":169,"text":163269},{"id":41514,"depth":120,"text":41515,"children":164408},[164409,164410,164411,164412],{"id":163430,"depth":169,"text":163431},{"id":163547,"depth":169,"text":163548},{"id":163648,"depth":169,"text":163649},{"id":163759,"depth":169,"text":163760},{"id":163892,"depth":120,"text":164414,"children":164415},"Common mistakes with zip()",[164416,164418,164419,164420],{"id":163898,"depth":169,"text":164417},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163939,"depth":169,"text":163940},{"id":164042,"depth":169,"text":164043},{"id":164216,"depth":169,"text":164421},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":2518,"depth":120,"text":2519,"children":164423},[164424,164426,164428,164430,164432],{"id":164317,"depth":169,"text":164425},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":164325,"depth":169,"text":164427},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":164334,"depth":169,"text":164429},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":164345,"depth":169,"text":164431},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":164356,"depth":169,"text":164357},{"id":2619,"depth":120,"text":2620},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161954,"description":164434},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945042419]