[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":164021},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":2318},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2311,"extension":2312,"meta":2313,"navigation":958,"path":2314,"seo":2315,"stem":2316,"__hash__":2317},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2265},"minimark",[9,13,22,28,33,108,111,131,137,141,146,149,167,170,195,198,255,257,287,291,294,310,316,326,342,344,353,356,392,396,401,406,413,450,452,468,472,475,517,519,533,537,540,564,566,575,579,582,616,618,631,635,641,661,663,672,676,681,685,691,715,718,749,752,772,776,779,812,814,852,856,859,883,888,900,904,909,916,918,1012,1014,1057,1060,1064,1071,1082,1142,1149,1158,1165,1169,1245,1247,1256,1260,1263,1309,1311,1320,1324,1330,1380,1384,1389,1393,1417,1419,1428,1432,1456,1458,1469,1473,1497,1499,1508,1511,1528,1534,1538,1544,1547,1553,1556,1578,1580,1613,1616,1621,1623,1634,1636,1682,1686,1693,1748,1750,1759,1763,1766,1860,1863,1888,1892,1895,1993,1998,2002,2011,2016,2040,2042,2051,2056,2080,2082,2091,2098,2121,2130,2133,2146,2159,2163,2167,2175,2179,2188,2192,2200,2204,2209,2213,2226,2230,2261],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"python-float-function-explained",[14,15,16,17,21],"p",{},"The built-in ",[18,19,20],"code",{},"float()"," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[14,23,24,25,27],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[18,26,20],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[29,30,32],"h2",{"id":31},"quick-example","Quick example",[34,35,40],"pre",{"className":36,"code":37,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n","python","",[18,41,42,68,91],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,44,47,51,55,59,61,65],"span",{"class":45,"line":46},"line",1,[43,48,50],{"class":49},"sptTA","print",[43,52,54],{"class":53},"sP7_E","(",[43,56,58],{"class":57},"sZMiF","float",[43,60,54],{"class":53},[43,62,64],{"class":63},"srdBf","5",[43,66,67],{"class":53},"))\n",[43,69,71,73,75,77,79,83,87,89],{"class":45,"line":70},2,[43,72,50],{"class":49},[43,74,54],{"class":53},[43,76,58],{"class":57},[43,78,54],{"class":53},[43,80,82],{"class":81},"sjJ54","\"",[43,84,86],{"class":85},"s_sjI","3.14",[43,88,82],{"class":81},[43,90,67],{"class":53},[43,92,94,96,98,100,102,106],{"class":45,"line":93},3,[43,95,50],{"class":49},[43,97,54],{"class":53},[43,99,58],{"class":57},[43,101,54],{"class":53},[43,103,105],{"class":104},"s39Yj","True",[43,107,67],{"class":53},[14,109,110],{},"Output:",[34,112,114],{"className":36,"code":113,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[18,115,116,121,126],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,117,118],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,119,120],{"class":63},"5.0\n",[43,122,123],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,124,125],{"class":63},"3.14\n",[43,127,128],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,129,130],{"class":63},"1.0\n",[14,132,133,134,136],{},"Use ",[18,135,20],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[29,138,140],{"id":139},"what-float-does","What float() does",[14,142,143,145],{},[18,144,20],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[14,147,148],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[150,151,152,158,162],"ul",{},[153,154,155],"li",{},[18,156,157],{},"5.0",[153,159,160],{},[18,161,86],{},[153,163,164],{},[18,165,166],{},"0.5",[14,168,169],{},"A few key points:",[150,171,172,179,182,185],{},[153,173,174,176,177],{},[18,175,20],{}," returns a value of type ",[18,178,58],{},[153,180,181],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[153,183,184],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[153,186,187,188],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[189,190,192],"a",{"href":191},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[18,193,194],{},"input()",[14,196,197],{},"Example:",[34,199,201],{"className":36,"code":200,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,202,203,228,240],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,204,205,209,213,216,218,220,223,225],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,206,208],{"class":207},"su5hD","number ",[43,210,212],{"class":211},"smGrS","=",[43,214,215],{"class":57}," float",[43,217,54],{"class":53},[43,219,82],{"class":81},[43,221,222],{"class":85},"2.75",[43,224,82],{"class":81},[43,226,227],{"class":53},")\n",[43,229,230,232,234,238],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,231,50],{"class":49},[43,233,54],{"class":53},[43,235,237],{"class":236},"slqww","number",[43,239,227],{"class":53},[43,241,242,244,246,249,251,253],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,243,50],{"class":49},[43,245,54],{"class":53},[43,247,248],{"class":57},"type",[43,250,54],{"class":53},[43,252,237],{"class":236},[43,254,67],{"class":53},[14,256,110],{},[34,258,260],{"className":36,"code":259,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,261,262,267],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,263,264],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,265,266],{"class":63},"2.75\n",[43,268,269,272,276,279,281,284],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,270,271],{"class":211},"\u003C",[43,273,275],{"class":274},"sbsja","class",[43,277,278],{"class":81}," '",[43,280,58],{"class":85},[43,282,283],{"class":81},"'",[43,285,286],{"class":211},">\n",[29,288,290],{"id":289},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[14,292,293],{},"The basic syntax is:",[34,295,297],{"className":36,"code":296,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"float(value)\n",[18,298,299],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,300,301,303,305,308],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,302,58],{"class":57},[43,304,54],{"class":53},[43,306,307],{"class":236},"value",[43,309,227],{"class":53},[14,311,312,313,315],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[18,314,20],{},".",[14,317,318,319,321,322,325],{},"If you call ",[18,320,20],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[18,323,324],{},"0.0",":",[34,327,329],{"className":36,"code":328,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float())\n",[18,330,331],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,332,333,335,337,339],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,334,50],{"class":49},[43,336,54],{"class":53},[43,338,58],{"class":57},[43,340,341],{"class":53},"())\n",[14,343,110],{},[34,345,347],{"className":36,"code":346,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"0.0\n",[18,348,349],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,350,351],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,352,346],{"class":63},[14,354,355],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[34,357,359],{"className":36,"code":358,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[18,360,361,381],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,362,363,366,368,370,372,374,377,379],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,364,365],{"class":207},"price ",[43,367,212],{"class":211},[43,369,215],{"class":57},[43,371,54],{"class":53},[43,373,82],{"class":81},[43,375,376],{"class":85},"19.99",[43,378,82],{"class":81},[43,380,227],{"class":53},[43,382,383,385,387,390],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,384,50],{"class":49},[43,386,54],{"class":53},[43,388,389],{"class":236},"price",[43,391,227],{"class":53},[29,393,395],{"id":394},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[14,397,398,400],{},[18,399,20],{}," can convert several common value types.",[402,403,405],"h3",{"id":404},"integers","Integers",[14,407,408,409,412],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[18,410,411],{},".0"," added:",[34,414,416],{"className":36,"code":415,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[18,417,418,432],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,419,420,422,424,426,428,430],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,421,50],{"class":49},[43,423,54],{"class":53},[43,425,58],{"class":57},[43,427,54],{"class":53},[43,429,64],{"class":63},[43,431,67],{"class":53},[43,433,434,436,438,440,442,445,448],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,435,50],{"class":49},[43,437,54],{"class":53},[43,439,58],{"class":57},[43,441,54],{"class":53},[43,443,444],{"class":211},"-",[43,446,447],{"class":63},"2",[43,449,67],{"class":53},[14,451,110],{},[34,453,455],{"className":36,"code":454,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[18,456,457,461],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,458,459],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,460,120],{"class":63},[43,462,463,465],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,464,444],{"class":211},[43,466,467],{"class":63},"2.0\n",[402,469,471],{"id":470},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[14,473,474],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[34,476,478],{"className":36,"code":477,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[18,479,480,498],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,481,482,484,486,488,490,492,494,496],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,483,50],{"class":49},[43,485,54],{"class":53},[43,487,58],{"class":57},[43,489,54],{"class":53},[43,491,82],{"class":81},[43,493,86],{"class":85},[43,495,82],{"class":81},[43,497,67],{"class":53},[43,499,500,502,504,506,508,510,513,515],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,501,50],{"class":49},[43,503,54],{"class":53},[43,505,58],{"class":57},[43,507,54],{"class":53},[43,509,82],{"class":81},[43,511,512],{"class":85},"10",[43,514,82],{"class":81},[43,516,67],{"class":53},[14,518,110],{},[34,520,522],{"className":36,"code":521,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"3.14\n10.0\n",[18,523,524,528],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,525,526],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,527,125],{"class":63},[43,529,530],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,531,532],{"class":63},"10.0\n",[402,534,536],{"id":535},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[14,538,539],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[34,541,543],{"className":36,"code":542,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[18,544,545],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,546,547,549,551,553,555,557,560,562],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,548,50],{"class":49},[43,550,54],{"class":53},[43,552,58],{"class":57},[43,554,54],{"class":53},[43,556,82],{"class":81},[43,558,559],{"class":85},"  8.5  ",[43,561,82],{"class":81},[43,563,67],{"class":53},[14,565,110],{},[34,567,569],{"className":36,"code":568,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"8.5\n",[18,570,571],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,572,573],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,574,568],{"class":63},[402,576,578],{"id":577},"booleans","Booleans",[14,580,581],{},"Boolean values also work:",[34,583,585],{"className":36,"code":584,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[18,586,587,601],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,588,589,591,593,595,597,599],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,590,50],{"class":49},[43,592,54],{"class":53},[43,594,58],{"class":57},[43,596,54],{"class":53},[43,598,105],{"class":104},[43,600,67],{"class":53},[43,602,603,605,607,609,611,614],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,604,50],{"class":49},[43,606,54],{"class":53},[43,608,58],{"class":57},[43,610,54],{"class":53},[43,612,613],{"class":104},"False",[43,615,67],{"class":53},[14,617,110],{},[34,619,621],{"className":36,"code":620,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"1.0\n0.0\n",[18,622,623,627],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,624,625],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,626,130],{"class":63},[43,628,629],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,630,346],{"class":63},[402,632,634],{"id":633},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[14,636,637,638,640],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[18,639,20],{}," returns a float version of it:",[34,642,644],{"className":36,"code":643,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float(4.2))\n",[18,645,646],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,647,648,650,652,654,656,659],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,649,50],{"class":49},[43,651,54],{"class":53},[43,653,58],{"class":57},[43,655,54],{"class":53},[43,657,658],{"class":63},"4.2",[43,660,67],{"class":53},[14,662,110],{},[34,664,666],{"className":36,"code":665,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"4.2\n",[18,667,668],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,669,670],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,671,665],{"class":63},[29,673,675],{"id":674},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[14,677,678,679,315],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[18,680,20],{},[402,682,684],{"id":683},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[14,686,687,688,325],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[18,689,690],{},"ValueError",[34,692,694],{"className":36,"code":693,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[18,695,696],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,697,698,700,702,704,706,708,711,713],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,699,50],{"class":49},[43,701,54],{"class":53},[43,703,58],{"class":57},[43,705,54],{"class":53},[43,707,82],{"class":81},[43,709,710],{"class":85},"hello",[43,712,82],{"class":81},[43,714,67],{"class":53},[14,716,717],{},"Error:",[34,719,721],{"className":36,"code":720,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[18,722,723],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,724,725,727,729,732,735,738,740,742,744,746],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,726,690],{"class":57},[43,728,325],{"class":53},[43,730,731],{"class":207}," could ",[43,733,734],{"class":211},"not",[43,736,737],{"class":207}," convert string to ",[43,739,58],{"class":57},[43,741,325],{"class":53},[43,743,278],{"class":81},[43,745,710],{"class":85},[43,747,748],{"class":81},"'\n",[14,750,751],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[34,753,755],{"className":36,"code":754,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[18,756,757],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,758,759,761,763,765,767,770],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,760,50],{"class":49},[43,762,54],{"class":53},[43,764,58],{"class":57},[43,766,54],{"class":53},[43,768,769],{"class":81},"\"\"",[43,771,67],{"class":53},[402,773,775],{"id":774},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[14,777,778],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[34,780,782],{"className":36,"code":781,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,783,784],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,785,786,788,790,792,795,798,801,804,806,809],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,787,50],{"class":49},[43,789,54],{"class":53},[43,791,58],{"class":57},[43,793,794],{"class":53},"([",[43,796,797],{"class":63},"1",[43,799,800],{"class":53},",",[43,802,803],{"class":63}," 2",[43,805,800],{"class":53},[43,807,808],{"class":63}," 3",[43,810,811],{"class":53},"]))\n",[14,813,717],{},[34,815,817],{"className":36,"code":816,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[18,818,819],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,820,821,824,826,828,831,834,837,840,842,845,847,850],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,822,823],{"class":57},"TypeError",[43,825,325],{"class":53},[43,827,215],{"class":57},[43,829,830],{"class":53},"()",[43,832,833],{"class":207}," argument must be a string ",[43,835,836],{"class":211},"or",[43,838,839],{"class":207}," a real number",[43,841,800],{"class":53},[43,843,844],{"class":211}," not",[43,846,278],{"class":81},[43,848,849],{"class":85},"list",[43,851,748],{"class":81},[402,853,855],{"id":854},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[14,857,858],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[34,860,862],{"className":36,"code":861,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[18,863,864],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,865,866,868,870,872,874,876,879,881],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,867,50],{"class":49},[43,869,54],{"class":53},[43,871,58],{"class":57},[43,873,54],{"class":53},[43,875,82],{"class":81},[43,877,878],{"class":85},"3,14",[43,880,82],{"class":81},[43,882,67],{"class":53},[14,884,885,886,315],{},"This raises a ",[18,887,690],{},[14,889,890,891,895,896,315],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[189,892,894],{"href":893},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python"," and ",[189,897,899],{"href":898},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[29,901,903],{"id":902},"return-value","Return value",[14,905,906,908],{},[18,907,20],{}," returns a new float value.",[14,910,911,912,915],{},"It does ",[913,914,734],"strong",{}," change the original value in place.",[14,917,197],{},[34,919,921],{"className":36,"code":920,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,922,923,939,954,960,971,982,997],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,924,925,928,930,933,936],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,926,927],{"class":207},"text ",[43,929,212],{"class":211},[43,931,932],{"class":81}," \"",[43,934,935],{"class":85},"6.5",[43,937,938],{"class":81},"\"\n",[43,940,941,943,945,947,949,952],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,942,208],{"class":207},[43,944,212],{"class":211},[43,946,215],{"class":57},[43,948,54],{"class":53},[43,950,951],{"class":236},"text",[43,953,227],{"class":53},[43,955,956],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,957,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},true,"\n",[43,961,963,965,967,969],{"class":45,"line":962},4,[43,964,50],{"class":49},[43,966,54],{"class":53},[43,968,951],{"class":236},[43,970,227],{"class":53},[43,972,974,976,978,980],{"class":45,"line":973},5,[43,975,50],{"class":49},[43,977,54],{"class":53},[43,979,237],{"class":236},[43,981,227],{"class":53},[43,983,985,987,989,991,993,995],{"class":45,"line":984},6,[43,986,50],{"class":49},[43,988,54],{"class":53},[43,990,248],{"class":57},[43,992,54],{"class":53},[43,994,951],{"class":236},[43,996,67],{"class":53},[43,998,1000,1002,1004,1006,1008,1010],{"class":45,"line":999},7,[43,1001,50],{"class":49},[43,1003,54],{"class":53},[43,1005,248],{"class":57},[43,1007,54],{"class":53},[43,1009,237],{"class":236},[43,1011,67],{"class":53},[14,1013,110],{},[34,1015,1017],{"className":36,"code":1016,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,1018,1019,1024,1028,1043],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1020,1021],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1022,1023],{"class":63},"6.5\n",[43,1025,1026],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,1027,1023],{"class":63},[43,1029,1030,1032,1034,1036,1039,1041],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,1031,271],{"class":211},[43,1033,275],{"class":274},[43,1035,278],{"class":81},[43,1037,1038],{"class":85},"str",[43,1040,283],{"class":81},[43,1042,286],{"class":211},[43,1044,1045,1047,1049,1051,1053,1055],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,1046,271],{"class":211},[43,1048,275],{"class":274},[43,1050,278],{"class":81},[43,1052,58],{"class":85},[43,1054,283],{"class":81},[43,1056,286],{"class":211},[14,1058,1059],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[29,1061,1063],{"id":1062},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[402,1065,1067,1068,1070],{"id":1066},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[18,1069,194],{}," text into a decimal number",[14,1072,1073,1074,1079,1080,315],{},"The ",[189,1075,1076,1078],{"href":191},[18,1077,194],{}," function"," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[18,1081,20],{},[34,1083,1085],{"className":36,"code":1084,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[18,1086,1087,1108,1123,1127],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1088,1089,1092,1094,1097,1099,1101,1104,1106],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1090,1091],{"class":207},"user_value ",[43,1093,212],{"class":211},[43,1095,1096],{"class":49}," input",[43,1098,54],{"class":53},[43,1100,82],{"class":81},[43,1102,1103],{"class":85},"Enter a price: ",[43,1105,82],{"class":81},[43,1107,227],{"class":53},[43,1109,1110,1112,1114,1116,1118,1121],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,1111,365],{"class":207},[43,1113,212],{"class":211},[43,1115,215],{"class":57},[43,1117,54],{"class":53},[43,1119,1120],{"class":236},"user_value",[43,1122,227],{"class":53},[43,1124,1125],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,1126,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,1128,1129,1131,1133,1135,1138,1140],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,1130,50],{"class":49},[43,1132,54],{"class":53},[43,1134,365],{"class":236},[43,1136,1137],{"class":211},"*",[43,1139,803],{"class":63},[43,1141,227],{"class":53},[14,1143,1144,1145,1148],{},"If the user enters ",[18,1146,1147],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[34,1150,1152],{"className":36,"code":1151,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"9.0\n",[18,1153,1154],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1155,1156],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1157,1151],{"class":63},[14,1159,1160,1161,315],{},"For more help with this, see ",[189,1162,1164],{"href":1163},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[402,1166,1168],{"id":1167},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[34,1170,1172],{"className":36,"code":1171,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[18,1173,1174,1188,1202,1206,1234],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1175,1176,1179,1181,1183,1186],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1177,1178],{"class":207},"a ",[43,1180,212],{"class":211},[43,1182,932],{"class":81},[43,1184,1185],{"class":85},"2.5",[43,1187,938],{"class":81},[43,1189,1190,1193,1195,1197,1200],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,1191,1192],{"class":207},"b ",[43,1194,212],{"class":211},[43,1196,932],{"class":81},[43,1198,1199],{"class":85},"1.5",[43,1201,938],{"class":81},[43,1203,1204],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,1205,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,1207,1208,1211,1213,1215,1217,1219,1222,1225,1227,1229,1232],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,1209,1210],{"class":207},"total ",[43,1212,212],{"class":211},[43,1214,215],{"class":57},[43,1216,54],{"class":53},[43,1218,189],{"class":236},[43,1220,1221],{"class":53},")",[43,1223,1224],{"class":211}," +",[43,1226,215],{"class":57},[43,1228,54],{"class":53},[43,1230,1231],{"class":236},"b",[43,1233,227],{"class":53},[43,1235,1236,1238,1240,1243],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,1237,50],{"class":49},[43,1239,54],{"class":53},[43,1241,1242],{"class":236},"total",[43,1244,227],{"class":53},[14,1246,110],{},[34,1248,1250],{"className":36,"code":1249,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"4.0\n",[18,1251,1252],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1253,1254],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1255,1249],{"class":63},[402,1257,1259],{"id":1258},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[14,1261,1262],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[34,1264,1266],{"className":36,"code":1265,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,1267,1268,1278,1294,1298],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1269,1270,1273,1275],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1271,1272],{"class":207},"count ",[43,1274,212],{"class":211},[43,1276,1277],{"class":63}," 7\n",[43,1279,1280,1283,1285,1287,1289,1292],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,1281,1282],{"class":207},"result ",[43,1284,212],{"class":211},[43,1286,215],{"class":57},[43,1288,54],{"class":53},[43,1290,1291],{"class":236},"count",[43,1293,227],{"class":53},[43,1295,1296],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,1297,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,1299,1300,1302,1304,1307],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,1301,50],{"class":49},[43,1303,54],{"class":53},[43,1305,1306],{"class":236},"result",[43,1308,227],{"class":53},[14,1310,110],{},[34,1312,1314],{"className":36,"code":1313,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"7.0\n",[18,1315,1316],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1317,1318],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1319,1313],{"class":63},[402,1321,1323],{"id":1322},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[14,1325,1326,1327,1329],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[18,1328,20],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[34,1331,1333],{"className":36,"code":1332,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[18,1334,1335,1349,1365,1369],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1336,1337,1340,1342,1344,1347],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1338,1339],{"class":207},"temperature_text ",[43,1341,212],{"class":211},[43,1343,932],{"class":81},[43,1345,1346],{"class":85},"21.8",[43,1348,938],{"class":81},[43,1350,1351,1354,1356,1358,1360,1363],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,1352,1353],{"class":207},"temperature ",[43,1355,212],{"class":211},[43,1357,215],{"class":57},[43,1359,54],{"class":53},[43,1361,1362],{"class":236},"temperature_text",[43,1364,227],{"class":53},[43,1366,1367],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,1368,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,1370,1371,1373,1375,1378],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,1372,50],{"class":49},[43,1374,54],{"class":53},[43,1376,1377],{"class":236},"temperature",[43,1379,227],{"class":53},[29,1381,1383],{"id":1382},"special-values","Special values",[14,1385,1386,1388],{},[18,1387,20],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[402,1390,1392],{"id":1391},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[34,1394,1396],{"className":36,"code":1395,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[18,1397,1398],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1399,1400,1402,1404,1406,1408,1410,1413,1415],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1401,50],{"class":49},[43,1403,54],{"class":53},[43,1405,58],{"class":57},[43,1407,54],{"class":53},[43,1409,82],{"class":81},[43,1411,1412],{"class":85},"inf",[43,1414,82],{"class":81},[43,1416,67],{"class":53},[14,1418,110],{},[34,1420,1422],{"className":36,"code":1421,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"inf\n",[18,1423,1424],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1425,1426],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1427,1421],{"class":207},[402,1429,1431],{"id":1430},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[34,1433,1435],{"className":36,"code":1434,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[18,1436,1437],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1438,1439,1441,1443,1445,1447,1449,1452,1454],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1440,50],{"class":49},[43,1442,54],{"class":53},[43,1444,58],{"class":57},[43,1446,54],{"class":53},[43,1448,82],{"class":81},[43,1450,1451],{"class":85},"-inf",[43,1453,82],{"class":81},[43,1455,67],{"class":53},[14,1457,110],{},[34,1459,1461],{"className":36,"code":1460,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"-inf\n",[18,1462,1463],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1464,1465,1467],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1466,444],{"class":211},[43,1468,1421],{"class":207},[402,1470,1472],{"id":1471},"not-a-number","Not a number",[34,1474,1476],{"className":36,"code":1475,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[18,1477,1478],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1479,1480,1482,1484,1486,1488,1490,1493,1495],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1481,50],{"class":49},[43,1483,54],{"class":53},[43,1485,58],{"class":57},[43,1487,54],{"class":53},[43,1489,82],{"class":81},[43,1491,1492],{"class":85},"nan",[43,1494,82],{"class":81},[43,1496,67],{"class":53},[14,1498,110],{},[34,1500,1502],{"className":36,"code":1501,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"nan\n",[18,1503,1504],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1505,1506],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1507,1501],{"class":207},[14,1509,1510],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[150,1512,1513,1518,1523],{},[153,1514,1515,1517],{},[18,1516,1412],{}," means positive infinity",[153,1519,1520,1522],{},[18,1521,1451],{}," means negative infinity",[153,1524,1525,1527],{},[18,1526,1492],{}," means “not a number”",[14,1529,1530,1531,1533],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[18,1532,20],{}," accepts them.",[29,1535,1537],{"id":1536},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[14,1539,1540,1541,1543],{},"The most common problems with ",[18,1542,20],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[402,1545,690],{"id":1546},"valueerror",[14,1548,1549,1550,1552],{},"A ",[18,1551,690],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[14,1554,1555],{},"Common causes:",[150,1557,1558,1564,1567,1570],{},[153,1559,1560,1561],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[18,1562,1563],{},"\"abc\"",[153,1565,1566],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[153,1568,1569],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[153,1571,1572,1573],{},"Forgetting that ",[189,1574,1575,1577],{"href":191},[18,1576,194],{}," returns a string",[14,1579,197],{},[34,1581,1583],{"className":36,"code":1582,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[18,1584,1585,1599],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1586,1587,1590,1592,1594,1597],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1588,1589],{"class":207},"value ",[43,1591,212],{"class":211},[43,1593,932],{"class":81},[43,1595,1596],{"class":85},"abc",[43,1598,938],{"class":81},[43,1600,1601,1603,1605,1607,1609,1611],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,1602,50],{"class":49},[43,1604,54],{"class":53},[43,1606,58],{"class":57},[43,1608,54],{"class":53},[43,1610,307],{"class":236},[43,1612,67],{"class":53},[402,1614,823],{"id":1615},"typeerror",[14,1617,1549,1618,1620],{},[18,1619,823],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[14,1622,1555],{},[150,1624,1625,1628,1631],{},[153,1626,1627],{},"Passing a list",[153,1629,1630],{},"Passing a dictionary",[153,1632,1633],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[14,1635,197],{},[34,1637,1639],{"className":36,"code":1638,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[18,1640,1641,1668],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1642,1643,1645,1647,1650,1652,1654,1656,1658,1660,1663,1665],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1644,1589],{"class":207},[43,1646,212],{"class":211},[43,1648,1649],{"class":53}," {",[43,1651,82],{"class":81},[43,1653,389],{"class":85},[43,1655,82],{"class":81},[43,1657,325],{"class":53},[43,1659,932],{"class":81},[43,1661,1662],{"class":85},"9.99",[43,1664,82],{"class":81},[43,1666,1667],{"class":53},"}\n",[43,1669,1670,1672,1674,1676,1678,1680],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,1671,50],{"class":49},[43,1673,54],{"class":53},[43,1675,58],{"class":57},[43,1677,54],{"class":53},[43,1679,307],{"class":236},[43,1681,67],{"class":53},[402,1683,1685],{"id":1684},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[14,1687,1688,1689,1692],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[18,1690,1691],{},"strip()"," can help:",[34,1694,1696],{"className":36,"code":1695,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[18,1697,1698,1711,1729,1733],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1699,1700,1702,1704,1706,1709],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1701,1589],{"class":207},[43,1703,212],{"class":211},[43,1705,932],{"class":81},[43,1707,1708],{"class":85},"  7.25  ",[43,1710,938],{"class":81},[43,1712,1713,1716,1718,1721,1723,1726],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,1714,1715],{"class":207},"clean_value ",[43,1717,212],{"class":211},[43,1719,1720],{"class":207}," value",[43,1722,315],{"class":53},[43,1724,1725],{"class":236},"strip",[43,1727,1728],{"class":53},"()\n",[43,1730,1731],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,1732,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,1734,1735,1737,1739,1741,1743,1746],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,1736,50],{"class":49},[43,1738,54],{"class":53},[43,1740,58],{"class":57},[43,1742,54],{"class":53},[43,1744,1745],{"class":236},"clean_value",[43,1747,67],{"class":53},[14,1749,110],{},[34,1751,1753],{"className":36,"code":1752,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"7.25\n",[18,1754,1755],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1756,1757],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1758,1752],{"class":63},[402,1760,1762],{"id":1761},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[14,1764,1765],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[34,1767,1769],{"className":36,"code":1768,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[18,1770,1771,1784,1788,1798,1812,1827,1831,1845],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1772,1773,1775,1777,1779,1782],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1774,1589],{"class":207},[43,1776,212],{"class":211},[43,1778,932],{"class":81},[43,1780,1781],{"class":85}," 3.5 ",[43,1783,938],{"class":81},[43,1785,1786],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,1787,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,1789,1790,1792,1794,1796],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,1791,50],{"class":49},[43,1793,54],{"class":53},[43,1795,307],{"class":236},[43,1797,227],{"class":53},[43,1799,1800,1802,1804,1806,1808,1810],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,1801,50],{"class":49},[43,1803,54],{"class":53},[43,1805,248],{"class":57},[43,1807,54],{"class":53},[43,1809,307],{"class":236},[43,1811,67],{"class":53},[43,1813,1814,1816,1818,1821,1823,1825],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,1815,50],{"class":49},[43,1817,54],{"class":53},[43,1819,1820],{"class":49},"repr",[43,1822,54],{"class":53},[43,1824,307],{"class":236},[43,1826,67],{"class":53},[43,1828,1829],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,1830,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,1832,1833,1835,1837,1839,1841,1843],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,1834,1715],{"class":207},[43,1836,212],{"class":211},[43,1838,1720],{"class":207},[43,1840,315],{"class":53},[43,1842,1725],{"class":236},[43,1844,1728],{"class":53},[43,1846,1848,1850,1852,1854,1856,1858],{"class":45,"line":1847},8,[43,1849,50],{"class":49},[43,1851,54],{"class":53},[43,1853,58],{"class":57},[43,1855,54],{"class":53},[43,1857,1745],{"class":236},[43,1859,67],{"class":53},[14,1861,1862],{},"Why this helps:",[150,1864,1865,1871,1877,1883],{},[153,1866,1867,1870],{},[18,1868,1869],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[153,1872,1873,1876],{},[18,1874,1875],{},"print(type(value))"," shows the value type",[153,1878,1879,1882],{},[18,1880,1881],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[153,1884,1885,1887],{},[18,1886,1691],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[402,1889,1891],{"id":1890},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[14,1893,1894],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[34,1896,1898],{"className":36,"code":1897,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[18,1899,1900,1919,1923,1932,1947,1968,1978],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,1901,1902,1904,1906,1908,1910,1912,1915,1917],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,1903,1589],{"class":207},[43,1905,212],{"class":211},[43,1907,1096],{"class":49},[43,1909,54],{"class":53},[43,1911,82],{"class":81},[43,1913,1914],{"class":85},"Enter a number: ",[43,1916,82],{"class":81},[43,1918,227],{"class":53},[43,1920,1921],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,1922,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,1924,1925,1929],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,1926,1928],{"class":1927},"sVHd0","try",[43,1930,1931],{"class":53},":\n",[43,1933,1934,1937,1939,1941,1943,1945],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,1935,1936],{"class":207},"    number ",[43,1938,212],{"class":211},[43,1940,215],{"class":57},[43,1942,54],{"class":53},[43,1944,307],{"class":236},[43,1946,227],{"class":53},[43,1948,1949,1952,1954,1956,1959,1961,1963,1966],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,1950,1951],{"class":49},"    print",[43,1953,54],{"class":53},[43,1955,82],{"class":81},[43,1957,1958],{"class":85},"Converted:",[43,1960,82],{"class":81},[43,1962,800],{"class":53},[43,1964,1965],{"class":236}," number",[43,1967,227],{"class":53},[43,1969,1970,1973,1976],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,1971,1972],{"class":1927},"except",[43,1974,1975],{"class":57}," ValueError",[43,1977,1931],{"class":53},[43,1979,1980,1982,1984,1986,1989,1991],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,1981,1951],{"class":49},[43,1983,54],{"class":53},[43,1985,82],{"class":81},[43,1987,1988],{"class":85},"That is not a valid number.",[43,1990,82],{"class":81},[43,1992,227],{"class":53},[14,1994,1995,1996,315],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[189,1997,899],{"href":898},[29,1999,2001],{"id":2000},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[14,2003,2004,2005,895,2007,2010],{},"Both ",[18,2006,20],{},[18,2008,2009],{},"int()"," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[14,2012,2013,2015],{},[18,2014,20],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[34,2017,2019],{"className":36,"code":2018,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[18,2020,2021],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2022,2023,2025,2027,2029,2031,2033,2036,2038],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2024,50],{"class":49},[43,2026,54],{"class":53},[43,2028,58],{"class":57},[43,2030,54],{"class":53},[43,2032,82],{"class":81},[43,2034,2035],{"class":85},"3.9",[43,2037,82],{"class":81},[43,2039,67],{"class":53},[14,2041,110],{},[34,2043,2045],{"className":36,"code":2044,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"3.9\n",[18,2046,2047],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2048,2049],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2050,2044],{"class":63},[14,2052,2053,2055],{},[18,2054,2009],{}," creates whole numbers:",[34,2057,2059],{"className":36,"code":2058,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[18,2060,2061],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2062,2063,2065,2067,2070,2072,2074,2076,2078],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2064,50],{"class":49},[43,2066,54],{"class":53},[43,2068,2069],{"class":57},"int",[43,2071,54],{"class":53},[43,2073,82],{"class":81},[43,2075,512],{"class":85},[43,2077,82],{"class":81},[43,2079,67],{"class":53},[14,2081,110],{},[34,2083,2085],{"className":36,"code":2084,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"10\n",[18,2086,2087],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2088,2089],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2090,2084],{"class":63},[14,2092,2093,2094,2097],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[18,2095,2096],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[34,2099,2101],{"className":36,"code":2100,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[18,2102,2103],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2104,2105,2107,2109,2111,2113,2115,2117,2119],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2106,50],{"class":49},[43,2108,54],{"class":53},[43,2110,2069],{"class":57},[43,2112,54],{"class":53},[43,2114,82],{"class":81},[43,2116,2035],{"class":85},[43,2118,82],{"class":81},[43,2120,67],{"class":53},[14,2122,885,2123,2125,2126,2129],{},[18,2124,690],{}," because ",[18,2127,2128],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[14,2131,2132],{},"So:",[150,2134,2135,2141],{},[153,2136,2137,2140],{},[18,2138,2139],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[153,2142,2143,2145],{},[18,2144,2096],{}," fails",[14,2147,2148,2149,2153,2154,2158],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[189,2150,2152],{"href":2151},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F","Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[189,2155,2157],{"href":2156},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex"," helpful.",[29,2160,2162],{"id":2161},"faq","FAQ",[402,2164,2166],{"id":2165},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[14,2168,2169,2170,2172,2173,315],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[18,2171,157],{}," or ",[18,2174,86],{},[402,2176,2178],{"id":2177},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[14,2180,2181,2182,2172,2185,315],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[18,2183,2184],{},"\"2.5\"",[18,2186,2187],{},"\"10\"",[402,2189,2191],{"id":2190},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[14,2193,2194,2195,2197,2198,315],{},"Because ",[18,2196,1563],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[18,2199,690],{},[402,2201,2203],{"id":2202},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[14,2205,2206,2207,315],{},"It returns ",[18,2208,324],{},[402,2210,2212],{"id":2211},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[14,2214,2215,2216,2218,2219,895,2222,2218,2224,315],{},"Yes. ",[18,2217,105],{}," becomes ",[18,2220,2221],{},"1.0",[18,2223,613],{},[18,2225,324],{},[29,2227,2229],{"id":2228},"see-also","See also",[150,2231,2232,2236,2242,2247,2252,2256],{},[153,2233,2234],{},[189,2235,2152],{"href":2151},[153,2237,2238],{},[189,2239,2241],{"href":2240},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[153,2243,2244],{},[189,2245,2246],{"href":893},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[153,2248,2249],{},[189,2250,2251],{"href":1163},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[153,2253,2254],{},[189,2255,899],{"href":898},[153,2257,2258],{},[189,2259,2260],{"href":191},"Python input() Function Explained",[2262,2263,2264],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":2266},[2267,2268,2269,2270,2277,2282,2283,2290,2295,2302,2303,2310],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":139,"depth":70,"text":140},{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":394,"depth":70,"text":395,"children":2271},[2272,2273,2274,2275,2276],{"id":404,"depth":93,"text":405},{"id":470,"depth":93,"text":471},{"id":535,"depth":93,"text":536},{"id":577,"depth":93,"text":578},{"id":633,"depth":93,"text":634},{"id":674,"depth":70,"text":675,"children":2278},[2279,2280,2281],{"id":683,"depth":93,"text":684},{"id":774,"depth":93,"text":775},{"id":854,"depth":93,"text":855},{"id":902,"depth":70,"text":903},{"id":1062,"depth":70,"text":1063,"children":2284},[2285,2287,2288,2289],{"id":1066,"depth":93,"text":2286},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":1167,"depth":93,"text":1168},{"id":1258,"depth":93,"text":1259},{"id":1322,"depth":93,"text":1323},{"id":1382,"depth":70,"text":1383,"children":2291},[2292,2293,2294],{"id":1391,"depth":93,"text":1392},{"id":1430,"depth":93,"text":1431},{"id":1471,"depth":93,"text":1472},{"id":1536,"depth":70,"text":1537,"children":2296},[2297,2298,2299,2300,2301],{"id":1546,"depth":93,"text":690},{"id":1615,"depth":93,"text":823},{"id":1684,"depth":93,"text":1685},{"id":1761,"depth":93,"text":1762},{"id":1890,"depth":93,"text":1891},{"id":2000,"depth":70,"text":2001},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":2304},[2305,2306,2307,2308,2309],{"id":2165,"depth":93,"text":2166},{"id":2177,"depth":93,"text":2178},{"id":2190,"depth":93,"text":2191},{"id":2202,"depth":93,"text":2203},{"id":2211,"depth":93,"text":2212},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":2311},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",[2319,3886,5601,7298,9426,11626,13147,15325,17531,19989,21827,24393,26491,28773,30716,32627,34624,36062,37891,40415,42301,43530,44901,46549,48870,50714,52696,54390,55643,57337,59088,61060,62810,64910,66270,68221,69784,71775,73570,75470,77912,79990,82630,84659,86622,88810,90814,93127,94809,96254,97448,98626,100466,102906,104610,106625,108149,109394,110557,111939,114010,115907,117681,119547,121666,123406,124868,126462,128385,130062,131997,133486,136270,137847,139406,141434,143386,144849,146038,147924,149335,151031,152585,154007,155410,157308,159702,161533],{"id":2320,"title":2321,"body":2322,"description":3880,"extension":2312,"meta":3881,"navigation":958,"path":3882,"seo":3883,"stem":3884,"__hash__":3885},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2323,"toc":3852},[2324,2327,2333,2336,2347,2350,2352,2415,2417,2437,2442,2446,2451,2454,2470,2473,2498,2501,2503,2506,2522,2525,2549,2551,2607,2609,2624,2634,2644,2648,2651,2703,2705,2723,2726,2750,2755,2759,2764,2770,2772,2807,2809,2817,2823,2841,2844,2856,2860,2865,2869,2872,2892,2894,2951,2953,2961,2964,2968,3000,3002,3010,3013,3017,3022,3070,3072,3080,3084,3144,3146,3154,3157,3161,3165,3168,3191,3200,3212,3263,3265,3280,3290,3294,3297,3324,3329,3333,3338,3379,3381,3392,3395,3438,3440,3448,3452,3457,3479,3481,3490,3499,3503,3508,3530,3532,3602,3604,3651,3654,3657,3660,3739,3741,3771,3773,3777,3780,3784,3787,3791,3794,3798,3810,3814,3817,3819,3849],[10,2325,2321],{"id":2326},"python-abs-function-explained",[14,2328,1073,2329,2332],{},[18,2330,2331],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,2334,2335],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[150,2337,2338,2341,2344],{},[153,2339,2340],{},"a number without its negative sign",[153,2342,2343],{},"the distance between two numbers",[153,2345,2346],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[14,2348,2349],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[29,2351,32],{"id":31},[34,2353,2355],{"className":36,"code":2354,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[18,2356,2357,2375,2390],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2358,2359,2361,2363,2366,2368,2370,2373],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2360,50],{"class":49},[43,2362,54],{"class":53},[43,2364,2365],{"class":49},"abs",[43,2367,54],{"class":53},[43,2369,444],{"class":211},[43,2371,2372],{"class":63},"7",[43,2374,67],{"class":53},[43,2376,2377,2379,2381,2383,2385,2388],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,2378,50],{"class":49},[43,2380,54],{"class":53},[43,2382,2365],{"class":49},[43,2384,54],{"class":53},[43,2386,2387],{"class":63},"3.5",[43,2389,67],{"class":53},[43,2391,2392,2394,2396,2398,2400,2402,2404,2407,2410,2413],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,2393,50],{"class":49},[43,2395,54],{"class":53},[43,2397,2365],{"class":49},[43,2399,54],{"class":53},[43,2401,444],{"class":211},[43,2403,447],{"class":63},[43,2405,2406],{"class":211},"+",[43,2408,2409],{"class":63},"3",[43,2411,2412],{"class":274},"j",[43,2414,67],{"class":53},[14,2416,110],{},[34,2418,2420],{"className":36,"code":2419,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[18,2421,2422,2427,2432],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2423,2424],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2425,2426],{"class":63},"7\n",[43,2428,2429],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,2430,2431],{"class":63},"3.5\n",[43,2433,2434],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,2435,2436],{"class":63},"3.605551275463989\n",[14,2438,133,2439,2441],{},[18,2440,2331],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[29,2443,2445],{"id":2444},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[14,2447,2448,2450],{},[18,2449,2331],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,2452,2453],{},"That means:",[150,2455,2456,2459,2462],{},[153,2457,2458],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[153,2460,2461],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[153,2463,2464,2467,2468],{},[18,2465,2466],{},"0"," stays ",[18,2469,2466],{},[14,2471,2472],{},"Examples:",[150,2474,2475,2483,2491],{},[153,2476,2477,2480,2481],{},[18,2478,2479],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[18,2482,64],{},[153,2484,2485,2480,2488],{},[18,2486,2487],{},"abs(9)",[18,2489,2490],{},"9",[153,2492,2493,2480,2496],{},[18,2494,2495],{},"abs(0)",[18,2497,2466],{},[14,2499,2500],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[29,2502,290],{"id":289},[14,2504,2505],{},"The syntax is:",[34,2507,2509],{"className":36,"code":2508,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"abs(x)\n",[18,2510,2511],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2512,2513,2515,2517,2520],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2514,2365],{"class":49},[43,2516,54],{"class":53},[43,2518,2519],{"class":236},"x",[43,2521,227],{"class":53},[14,2523,2524],{},"Here:",[150,2526,2527,2541,2546],{},[153,2528,2529,2531,2532,2534,2535,2537,2538,1965],{},[18,2530,2519],{}," is usually an ",[18,2533,2069],{},", ",[18,2536,58],{},", or ",[18,2539,2540],{},"complex",[153,2542,2543,2545],{},[18,2544,2331],{}," returns a new value",[153,2547,2548],{},"it does not change the original variable",[14,2550,197],{},[34,2552,2554],{"className":36,"code":2553,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[18,2555,2556,2568,2583,2587,2597],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2557,2558,2560,2562,2565],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2559,208],{"class":207},[43,2561,212],{"class":211},[43,2563,2564],{"class":211}," -",[43,2566,2567],{"class":63},"12\n",[43,2569,2570,2572,2574,2577,2579,2581],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,2571,1282],{"class":207},[43,2573,212],{"class":211},[43,2575,2576],{"class":49}," abs",[43,2578,54],{"class":53},[43,2580,237],{"class":236},[43,2582,227],{"class":53},[43,2584,2585],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,2586,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,2588,2589,2591,2593,2595],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,2590,50],{"class":49},[43,2592,54],{"class":53},[43,2594,237],{"class":236},[43,2596,227],{"class":53},[43,2598,2599,2601,2603,2605],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,2600,50],{"class":49},[43,2602,54],{"class":53},[43,2604,1306],{"class":236},[43,2606,227],{"class":53},[14,2608,110],{},[34,2610,2612],{"className":36,"code":2611,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"-12\n12\n",[18,2613,2614,2620],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2615,2616,2618],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2617,444],{"class":211},[43,2619,2567],{"class":63},[43,2621,2622],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,2623,2567],{"class":63},[14,2625,2626,2627,2629,2630,2633],{},"Notice that ",[18,2628,237],{}," is still ",[18,2631,2632],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[14,2635,2636,2637,2643],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[189,2638,2640,1078],{"href":2639},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[18,2641,2642],{},"type()"," can help.",[29,2645,2647],{"id":2646},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[14,2649,2650],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[34,2652,2654],{"className":36,"code":2653,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[18,2655,2656,2672,2687],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2657,2658,2660,2662,2664,2666,2668,2670],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2659,50],{"class":49},[43,2661,54],{"class":53},[43,2663,2365],{"class":49},[43,2665,54],{"class":53},[43,2667,444],{"class":211},[43,2669,512],{"class":63},[43,2671,67],{"class":53},[43,2673,2674,2676,2678,2680,2682,2685],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,2675,50],{"class":49},[43,2677,54],{"class":53},[43,2679,2365],{"class":49},[43,2681,54],{"class":53},[43,2683,2684],{"class":63},"8",[43,2686,67],{"class":53},[43,2688,2689,2691,2693,2695,2697,2699,2701],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,2690,50],{"class":49},[43,2692,54],{"class":53},[43,2694,2365],{"class":49},[43,2696,54],{"class":53},[43,2698,444],{"class":211},[43,2700,658],{"class":63},[43,2702,67],{"class":53},[14,2704,110],{},[34,2706,2708],{"className":36,"code":2707,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[18,2709,2710,2714,2719],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2711,2712],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2713,2084],{"class":63},[43,2715,2716],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,2717,2718],{"class":63},"8\n",[43,2720,2721],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,2722,665],{"class":63},[14,2724,2725],{},"What each line does:",[150,2727,2728,2736,2743],{},[153,2729,2730,2733,2734],{},[18,2731,2732],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[18,2735,512],{},[153,2737,2738,2733,2741],{},[18,2739,2740],{},"abs(8)",[18,2742,2684],{},[153,2744,2745,2733,2748],{},[18,2746,2747],{},"abs(-4.2)",[18,2749,658],{},[14,2751,2752,2753,315],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[189,2754,2157],{"href":2156},[29,2756,2758],{"id":2757},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[14,2760,2761,2763],{},[18,2762,2331],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[14,2765,2766,2767,2769],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[18,2768,2466],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[14,2771,197],{},[34,2773,2775],{"className":36,"code":2774,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[18,2776,2777,2793],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2778,2779,2781,2783,2785,2787,2790],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2780,1589],{"class":207},[43,2782,212],{"class":211},[43,2784,808],{"class":63},[43,2786,1224],{"class":211},[43,2788,2789],{"class":63}," 4",[43,2791,2792],{"class":274},"j\n",[43,2794,2795,2797,2799,2801,2803,2805],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,2796,50],{"class":49},[43,2798,54],{"class":53},[43,2800,2365],{"class":49},[43,2802,54],{"class":53},[43,2804,307],{"class":236},[43,2806,67],{"class":53},[14,2808,110],{},[34,2810,2811],{"className":36,"code":120,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,2812,2813],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2814,2815],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2816,120],{"class":63},[14,2818,2819,2820,2822],{},"Why ",[18,2821,157],{},"?",[150,2824,2825,2830,2836],{},[153,2826,2827,2828],{},"the real part is ",[18,2829,2409],{},[153,2831,2832,2833],{},"the imaginary part is ",[18,2834,2835],{},"4",[153,2837,2838,2839],{},"the magnitude is ",[18,2840,157],{},[14,2842,2843],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[150,2845,2846,2853],{},[153,2847,2848,2850,2851],{},[18,2849,2331],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[18,2852,58],{},[153,2854,2855],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[29,2857,2859],{"id":2858},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[14,2861,2862,2863,315],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[18,2864,2331],{},[402,2866,2868],{"id":2867},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[14,2870,2871],{},"A very common pattern is:",[34,2873,2875],{"className":36,"code":2874,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"abs(a - b)\n",[18,2876,2877],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2878,2879,2881,2883,2885,2887,2890],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2880,2365],{"class":49},[43,2882,54],{"class":53},[43,2884,1178],{"class":236},[43,2886,444],{"class":211},[43,2888,2889],{"class":236}," b",[43,2891,227],{"class":53},[14,2893,197],{},[34,2895,2897],{"className":36,"code":2896,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[18,2898,2899,2908,2917,2921,2940],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2900,2901,2903,2905],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2902,1178],{"class":207},[43,2904,212],{"class":211},[43,2906,2907],{"class":63}," 3\n",[43,2909,2910,2912,2914],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,2911,1192],{"class":207},[43,2913,212],{"class":211},[43,2915,2916],{"class":63}," 10\n",[43,2918,2919],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,2920,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,2922,2923,2926,2928,2930,2932,2934,2936,2938],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,2924,2925],{"class":207},"distance ",[43,2927,212],{"class":211},[43,2929,2576],{"class":49},[43,2931,54],{"class":53},[43,2933,1178],{"class":236},[43,2935,444],{"class":211},[43,2937,2889],{"class":236},[43,2939,227],{"class":53},[43,2941,2942,2944,2946,2949],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,2943,50],{"class":49},[43,2945,54],{"class":53},[43,2947,2948],{"class":236},"distance",[43,2950,227],{"class":53},[14,2952,110],{},[34,2954,2955],{"className":36,"code":2426,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,2956,2957],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2958,2959],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2960,2426],{"class":63},[14,2962,2963],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[402,2965,2967],{"id":2966},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[34,2969,2971],{"className":36,"code":2970,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[18,2972,2973,2985],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,2974,2975,2978,2980,2982],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,2976,2977],{"class":207},"temperature_change ",[43,2979,212],{"class":211},[43,2981,2564],{"class":211},[43,2983,2984],{"class":63},"6\n",[43,2986,2987,2989,2991,2993,2995,2998],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,2988,50],{"class":49},[43,2990,54],{"class":53},[43,2992,2365],{"class":49},[43,2994,54],{"class":53},[43,2996,2997],{"class":236},"temperature_change",[43,2999,67],{"class":53},[14,3001,110],{},[34,3003,3004],{"className":36,"code":2984,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,3005,3006],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3007,3008],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3009,2984],{"class":63},[14,3011,3012],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[402,3014,3016],{"id":3015},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[14,3018,3019,3020,2643],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[18,3021,2331],{},[34,3023,3025],{"className":36,"code":3024,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[18,3026,3027,3039,3055,3059],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3028,3029,3032,3034,3036],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3030,3031],{"class":207},"balance_change ",[43,3033,212],{"class":211},[43,3035,2564],{"class":211},[43,3037,3038],{"class":63},"25\n",[43,3040,3041,3044,3046,3048,3050,3053],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,3042,3043],{"class":207},"safe_value ",[43,3045,212],{"class":211},[43,3047,2576],{"class":49},[43,3049,54],{"class":53},[43,3051,3052],{"class":236},"balance_change",[43,3054,227],{"class":53},[43,3056,3057],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,3058,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,3060,3061,3063,3065,3068],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,3062,50],{"class":49},[43,3064,54],{"class":53},[43,3066,3067],{"class":236},"safe_value",[43,3069,227],{"class":53},[14,3071,110],{},[34,3073,3074],{"className":36,"code":3038,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,3075,3076],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3077,3078],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3079,3038],{"class":63},[402,3081,3083],{"id":3082},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[34,3085,3087],{"className":36,"code":3086,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[18,3088,3089,3099,3109,3113,3133],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3090,3091,3094,3096],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3092,3093],{"class":207},"guess ",[43,3095,212],{"class":211},[43,3097,3098],{"class":63}," 42\n",[43,3100,3101,3104,3106],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,3102,3103],{"class":207},"target ",[43,3105,212],{"class":211},[43,3107,3108],{"class":63}," 50\n",[43,3110,3111],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,3112,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,3114,3115,3118,3120,3122,3124,3126,3128,3131],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,3116,3117],{"class":207},"difference ",[43,3119,212],{"class":211},[43,3121,2576],{"class":49},[43,3123,54],{"class":53},[43,3125,3093],{"class":236},[43,3127,444],{"class":211},[43,3129,3130],{"class":236}," target",[43,3132,227],{"class":53},[43,3134,3135,3137,3139,3142],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,3136,50],{"class":49},[43,3138,54],{"class":53},[43,3140,3141],{"class":236},"difference",[43,3143,227],{"class":53},[14,3145,110],{},[34,3147,3148],{"className":36,"code":2718,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,3149,3150],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3151,3152],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3153,2718],{"class":63},[14,3155,3156],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[29,3158,3160],{"id":3159},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[402,3162,3164],{"id":3163},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[14,3166,3167],{},"This causes an error:",[34,3169,3171],{"className":36,"code":3170,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[18,3172,3173],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3174,3175,3177,3179,3181,3183,3185,3187,3189],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3176,50],{"class":49},[43,3178,54],{"class":53},[43,3180,2365],{"class":49},[43,3182,54],{"class":53},[43,3184,82],{"class":81},[43,3186,64],{"class":85},[43,3188,82],{"class":81},[43,3190,67],{"class":53},[14,3192,3193,3196,3197,3199],{},[18,3194,3195],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[18,3198,2331],{}," needs a numeric value.",[14,3201,3202,3203,2172,3207,325],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[189,3204,3205],{"href":2151},[18,3206,2009],{},[189,3208,3210],{"href":3209},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[18,3211,20],{},[34,3213,3215],{"className":36,"code":3214,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[18,3216,3217,3240],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3218,3219,3221,3223,3225,3227,3229,3231,3233,3235,3237],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3220,50],{"class":49},[43,3222,54],{"class":53},[43,3224,2365],{"class":49},[43,3226,54],{"class":53},[43,3228,2069],{"class":57},[43,3230,54],{"class":53},[43,3232,82],{"class":81},[43,3234,64],{"class":85},[43,3236,82],{"class":81},[43,3238,3239],{"class":53},")))\n",[43,3241,3242,3244,3246,3248,3250,3252,3254,3256,3259,3261],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,3243,50],{"class":49},[43,3245,54],{"class":53},[43,3247,2365],{"class":49},[43,3249,54],{"class":53},[43,3251,58],{"class":57},[43,3253,54],{"class":53},[43,3255,82],{"class":81},[43,3257,3258],{"class":85},"-3.2",[43,3260,82],{"class":81},[43,3262,3239],{"class":53},[14,3264,110],{},[34,3266,3268],{"className":36,"code":3267,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"5\n3.2\n",[18,3269,3270,3275],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3271,3272],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3273,3274],{"class":63},"5\n",[43,3276,3277],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,3278,3279],{"class":63},"3.2\n",[14,3281,3282,3283,3285,3286,315],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[18,3284,194],{}," always returns a string. See ",[189,3287,3289],{"href":3288},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[402,3291,3293],{"id":3292},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[14,3295,3296],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[34,3298,3300],{"className":36,"code":3299,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,3301,3302],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3303,3304,3306,3308,3310,3312,3314,3316,3318,3320,3322],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3305,50],{"class":49},[43,3307,54],{"class":53},[43,3309,2365],{"class":49},[43,3311,794],{"class":53},[43,3313,797],{"class":63},[43,3315,800],{"class":53},[43,3317,803],{"class":63},[43,3319,800],{"class":53},[43,3321,808],{"class":63},[43,3323,811],{"class":53},[14,3325,885,3326,3328],{},[18,3327,823],{}," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[402,3330,3332],{"id":3331},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[14,3334,3335,3337],{},[18,3336,2331],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[34,3339,3341],{"className":36,"code":3340,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[18,3342,3343,3355,3365,3369],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3344,3345,3348,3350,3352],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3346,3347],{"class":207},"x ",[43,3349,212],{"class":211},[43,3351,2564],{"class":211},[43,3353,3354],{"class":63},"9\n",[43,3356,3357,3359,3361,3363],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,3358,2365],{"class":49},[43,3360,54],{"class":53},[43,3362,2519],{"class":236},[43,3364,227],{"class":53},[43,3366,3367],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,3368,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,3370,3371,3373,3375,3377],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,3372,50],{"class":49},[43,3374,54],{"class":53},[43,3376,2519],{"class":236},[43,3378,227],{"class":53},[14,3380,110],{},[34,3382,3384],{"className":36,"code":3383,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"-9\n",[18,3385,3386],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3387,3388,3390],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3389,444],{"class":211},[43,3391,3354],{"class":63},[14,3393,3394],{},"If you want to store the result:",[34,3396,3398],{"className":36,"code":3397,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[18,3399,3400,3410,3424,3428],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3401,3402,3404,3406,3408],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3403,3347],{"class":207},[43,3405,212],{"class":211},[43,3407,2564],{"class":211},[43,3409,3354],{"class":63},[43,3411,3412,3414,3416,3418,3420,3422],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,3413,3347],{"class":207},[43,3415,212],{"class":211},[43,3417,2576],{"class":49},[43,3419,54],{"class":53},[43,3421,2519],{"class":236},[43,3423,227],{"class":53},[43,3425,3426],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,3427,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,3429,3430,3432,3434,3436],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,3431,50],{"class":49},[43,3433,54],{"class":53},[43,3435,2519],{"class":236},[43,3437,227],{"class":53},[14,3439,110],{},[34,3441,3442],{"className":36,"code":3354,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,3443,3444],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3445,3446],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3447,3354],{"class":63},[402,3449,3451],{"id":3450},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[14,3453,3454,3456],{},[18,3455,2331],{}," does not round numbers.",[34,3458,3460],{"className":36,"code":3459,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[18,3461,3462],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3463,3464,3466,3468,3470,3472,3474,3477],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3465,50],{"class":49},[43,3467,54],{"class":53},[43,3469,2365],{"class":49},[43,3471,54],{"class":53},[43,3473,444],{"class":211},[43,3475,3476],{"class":63},"4.7",[43,3478,67],{"class":53},[14,3480,110],{},[34,3482,3484],{"className":36,"code":3483,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"4.7\n",[18,3485,3486],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3487,3488],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3489,3483],{"class":63},[14,3491,3492,3493,3495,3496,3498],{},"If you expected ",[18,3494,64],{},", that is a different operation. ",[18,3497,2331],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[29,3500,3502],{"id":3501},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[14,3504,3505,3507],{},[18,3506,2331],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[150,3509,3510,3517,3524],{},[153,3511,3512,3514,3515],{},[18,3513,2069],{}," input → returns an ",[18,3516,2069],{},[153,3518,3519,3521,3522],{},[18,3520,58],{}," input → returns a ",[18,3523,58],{},[153,3525,3526,3521,3528],{},[18,3527,2540],{},[18,3529,58],{},[14,3531,197],{},[34,3533,3535],{"className":36,"code":3534,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[18,3536,3537,3557,3578],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3538,3539,3541,3543,3545,3547,3549,3551,3553,3555],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3540,50],{"class":49},[43,3542,54],{"class":53},[43,3544,248],{"class":57},[43,3546,54],{"class":53},[43,3548,2365],{"class":49},[43,3550,54],{"class":53},[43,3552,444],{"class":211},[43,3554,64],{"class":63},[43,3556,3239],{"class":53},[43,3558,3559,3561,3563,3565,3567,3569,3571,3573,3576],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,3560,50],{"class":49},[43,3562,54],{"class":53},[43,3564,248],{"class":57},[43,3566,54],{"class":53},[43,3568,2365],{"class":49},[43,3570,54],{"class":53},[43,3572,444],{"class":211},[43,3574,3575],{"class":63},"3.2",[43,3577,3239],{"class":53},[43,3579,3580,3582,3584,3586,3588,3590,3592,3594,3596,3598,3600],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,3581,50],{"class":49},[43,3583,54],{"class":53},[43,3585,248],{"class":57},[43,3587,54],{"class":53},[43,3589,2365],{"class":49},[43,3591,54],{"class":53},[43,3593,2409],{"class":63},[43,3595,1224],{"class":211},[43,3597,2789],{"class":63},[43,3599,2412],{"class":274},[43,3601,3239],{"class":53},[14,3603,110],{},[34,3605,3607],{"className":36,"code":3606,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,3608,3609,3623,3637],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3610,3611,3613,3615,3617,3619,3621],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3612,271],{"class":211},[43,3614,275],{"class":274},[43,3616,278],{"class":81},[43,3618,2069],{"class":85},[43,3620,283],{"class":81},[43,3622,286],{"class":211},[43,3624,3625,3627,3629,3631,3633,3635],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,3626,271],{"class":211},[43,3628,275],{"class":274},[43,3630,278],{"class":81},[43,3632,58],{"class":85},[43,3634,283],{"class":81},[43,3636,286],{"class":211},[43,3638,3639,3641,3643,3645,3647,3649],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,3640,271],{"class":211},[43,3642,275],{"class":274},[43,3644,278],{"class":81},[43,3646,58],{"class":85},[43,3648,283],{"class":81},[43,3650,286],{"class":211},[14,3652,3653],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[14,3655,3656],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[14,3658,3659],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[34,3661,3663],{"className":36,"code":3662,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[18,3664,3665,3678,3688,3702,3706,3720],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3666,3667,3669,3671,3673,3676],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3668,1589],{"class":207},[43,3670,212],{"class":211},[43,3672,932],{"class":81},[43,3674,3675],{"class":85},"-5",[43,3677,938],{"class":81},[43,3679,3680,3682,3684,3686],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,3681,50],{"class":49},[43,3683,54],{"class":53},[43,3685,307],{"class":236},[43,3687,227],{"class":53},[43,3689,3690,3692,3694,3696,3698,3700],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,3691,50],{"class":49},[43,3693,54],{"class":53},[43,3695,248],{"class":57},[43,3697,54],{"class":53},[43,3699,307],{"class":236},[43,3701,67],{"class":53},[43,3703,3704],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,3705,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,3707,3708,3711,3713,3715,3718],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,3709,3710],{"class":207},"user_input ",[43,3712,212],{"class":211},[43,3714,932],{"class":81},[43,3716,3717],{"class":85},"-3.7",[43,3719,938],{"class":81},[43,3721,3722,3724,3726,3728,3730,3732,3734,3737],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,3723,50],{"class":49},[43,3725,54],{"class":53},[43,3727,2365],{"class":49},[43,3729,54],{"class":53},[43,3731,58],{"class":57},[43,3733,54],{"class":53},[43,3735,3736],{"class":236},"user_input",[43,3738,3239],{"class":53},[14,3740,110],{},[34,3742,3744],{"className":36,"code":3743,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[18,3745,3746,3752,3766],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3747,3748,3750],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3749,444],{"class":211},[43,3751,3274],{"class":63},[43,3753,3754,3756,3758,3760,3762,3764],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,3755,271],{"class":211},[43,3757,275],{"class":274},[43,3759,278],{"class":81},[43,3761,1038],{"class":85},[43,3763,283],{"class":81},[43,3765,286],{"class":211},[43,3767,3768],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,3769,3770],{"class":63},"3.7\n",[29,3772,2162],{"id":2161},[402,3774,3776],{"id":3775},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[14,3778,3779],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[402,3781,3783],{"id":3782},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[14,3785,3786],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[402,3788,3790],{"id":3789},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[14,3792,3793],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[402,3795,3797],{"id":3796},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[14,3799,3800,3802,3803,2172,3805,3807,3808,315],{},[18,3801,194],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[18,3804,2009],{},[18,3806,20],{}," before using ",[18,3809,2331],{},[402,3811,3813],{"id":3812},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[14,3815,3816],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[29,3818,2229],{"id":2228},[150,3820,3821,3828,3834,3840,3845],{},[153,3822,3823],{},[189,3824,3825,3827],{"href":2151},[18,3826,2009],{}," function explained",[153,3829,3830],{},[189,3831,3832,3827],{"href":3209},[18,3833,20],{},[153,3835,3836],{},[189,3837,3838,3827],{"href":2639},[18,3839,2642],{},[153,3841,3842],{},[189,3843,3844],{"href":3288},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[153,3846,3847],{},[189,3848,2157],{"href":2156},[2262,3850,3851],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":3853},[3854,3855,3856,3857,3858,3859,3865,3871,3872,3879],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":2444,"depth":70,"text":2445},{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":2646,"depth":70,"text":2647},{"id":2757,"depth":70,"text":2758},{"id":2858,"depth":70,"text":2859,"children":3860},[3861,3862,3863,3864],{"id":2867,"depth":93,"text":2868},{"id":2966,"depth":93,"text":2967},{"id":3015,"depth":93,"text":3016},{"id":3082,"depth":93,"text":3083},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160,"children":3866},[3867,3868,3869,3870],{"id":3163,"depth":93,"text":3164},{"id":3292,"depth":93,"text":3293},{"id":3331,"depth":93,"text":3332},{"id":3450,"depth":93,"text":3451},{"id":3501,"depth":70,"text":3502},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":3873},[3874,3875,3876,3877,3878],{"id":3775,"depth":93,"text":3776},{"id":3782,"depth":93,"text":3783},{"id":3789,"depth":93,"text":3790},{"id":3796,"depth":93,"text":3797},{"id":3812,"depth":93,"text":3813},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2321,"description":3880},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3887,"title":3888,"body":3889,"description":5595,"extension":2312,"meta":5596,"navigation":958,"path":5597,"seo":5598,"stem":5599,"__hash__":5600},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3890,"toc":5559},[3891,3899,3905,3908,3924,3928,3986,3995,4002,4006,4025,4028,4045,4048,4052,4060,4077,4080,4119,4122,4129,4135,4210,4212,4244,4250,4254,4258,4297,4299,4308,4315,4319,4358,4360,4369,4379,4383,4439,4441,4449,4452,4455,4502,4504,4512,4518,4525,4530,4533,4536,4603,4605,4613,4616,4683,4685,4693,4707,4710,4721,4725,4731,4734,4736,4752,4754,4762,4765,4768,4771,4788,4791,4794,4824,4826,4839,4843,4847,4850,4865,4870,4873,4900,4907,4910,4950,4956,4962,4970,4973,5025,5031,5095,5100,5109,5112,5130,5136,5139,5281,5287,5292,5295,5306,5309,5365,5367,5375,5378,5437,5439,5447,5450,5461,5463,5470,5478,5487,5490,5497,5500,5509,5522,5524,5556],[10,3892,3894,3895,3898],{"id":3893},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[18,3896,3897],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[14,3900,3901,3902,3904],{},"Python’s ",[18,3903,3897],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[14,3906,3907],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[150,3909,3910,3913,3916],{},[153,3911,3912],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[153,3914,3915],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[153,3917,3918,2733,3921,3923],{},[18,3919,3920],{},"all([])",[18,3922,105],{},", which often seems strange at first",[29,3925,3927],{"id":3926},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[34,3929,3931],{"className":36,"code":3930,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[18,3932,3933,3956,3972],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,3934,3935,3938,3940,3943,3945,3947,3949,3951,3953],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,3936,3937],{"class":207},"numbers ",[43,3939,212],{"class":211},[43,3941,3942],{"class":53}," [",[43,3944,797],{"class":63},[43,3946,800],{"class":53},[43,3948,803],{"class":63},[43,3950,800],{"class":53},[43,3952,808],{"class":63},[43,3954,3955],{"class":53},"]\n",[43,3957,3958,3960,3962,3965,3967,3970],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,3959,1282],{"class":207},[43,3961,212],{"class":211},[43,3963,3964],{"class":49}," all",[43,3966,54],{"class":53},[43,3968,3969],{"class":236},"numbers",[43,3971,227],{"class":53},[43,3973,3974,3976,3978,3980,3982],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,3975,50],{"class":49},[43,3977,54],{"class":53},[43,3979,1306],{"class":236},[43,3981,1221],{"class":53},[43,3983,3985],{"class":3984},"sutJx","  # True\n",[14,3987,3988,2733,3990,3992,3993,315],{},[18,3989,3897],{},[18,3991,105],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[18,3994,613],{},[29,3996,3998,3999,4001],{"id":3997},"what-all-does","What ",[18,4000,3897],{}," does",[14,4003,4004,325],{},[18,4005,3897],{},[150,4007,4008,4011,4017,4022],{},[153,4009,4010],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[153,4012,4013,4014,4016],{},"returns ",[18,4015,105],{}," if all items are truthy",[153,4018,4013,4019,4021],{},[18,4020,613],{}," if any item is falsy",[153,4023,4024],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[14,4026,4027],{},"Basic syntax:",[34,4029,4031],{"className":36,"code":4030,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"all(iterable)\n",[18,4032,4033],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4034,4035,4038,4040,4043],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4036,4037],{"class":49},"all",[43,4039,54],{"class":53},[43,4041,4042],{"class":236},"iterable",[43,4044,227],{"class":53},[14,4046,4047],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[29,4049,4051],{"id":4050},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[14,4053,4054,4055,2172,4057,4059],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[18,4056,105],{},[18,4058,613],{}," in conditions.",[150,4061,4062,4070],{},[153,4063,4064,4067,4068],{},[913,4065,4066],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[18,4069,105],{},[153,4071,4072,4067,4075],{},[913,4073,4074],{},"Falsy",[18,4076,613],{},[14,4078,4079],{},"Common falsy values include:",[150,4081,4082,4086,4090,4095,4100,4104,4109,4114],{},[153,4083,4084],{},[18,4085,2466],{},[153,4087,4088],{},[18,4089,324],{},[153,4091,4092],{},[18,4093,4094],{},"''",[153,4096,4097],{},[18,4098,4099],{},"None",[153,4101,4102],{},[18,4103,613],{},[153,4105,4106],{},[18,4107,4108],{},"[]",[153,4110,4111],{},[18,4112,4113],{},"{}",[153,4115,4116],{},[18,4117,4118],{},"set()",[14,4120,4121],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[14,4123,4124,4125,315],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[189,4126,4128],{"href":4127},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[14,4130,4131,4132,325],{},"You can test this with ",[18,4133,4134],{},"bool()",[34,4136,4138],{"className":36,"code":4137,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[18,4139,4140,4176,4180],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4141,4142,4145,4147,4149,4151,4153,4156,4158,4161,4163,4165,4167,4169,4171,4174],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4143,4144],{"class":207},"values ",[43,4146,212],{"class":211},[43,4148,3942],{"class":53},[43,4150,797],{"class":63},[43,4152,800],{"class":53},[43,4154,4155],{"class":63}," 0",[43,4157,800],{"class":53},[43,4159,4160],{"class":81}," ''",[43,4162,800],{"class":53},[43,4164,278],{"class":81},[43,4166,710],{"class":85},[43,4168,283],{"class":81},[43,4170,800],{"class":53},[43,4172,4173],{"class":104}," None",[43,4175,3955],{"class":53},[43,4177,4178],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,4179,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,4181,4182,4184,4186,4189,4191,4193,4195,4198,4201,4204,4207],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,4183,50],{"class":49},[43,4185,794],{"class":53},[43,4187,4188],{"class":57},"bool",[43,4190,54],{"class":53},[43,4192,2519],{"class":236},[43,4194,1221],{"class":53},[43,4196,4197],{"class":1927}," for",[43,4199,4200],{"class":236}," x ",[43,4202,4203],{"class":1927},"in",[43,4205,4206],{"class":236}," values",[43,4208,4209],{"class":53},"])\n",[14,4211,110],{},[34,4213,4215],{"className":36,"code":4214,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[18,4216,4217],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4218,4219,4222,4224,4226,4229,4231,4233,4235,4238,4240,4242],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4220,4221],{"class":53},"[",[43,4223,105],{"class":104},[43,4225,800],{"class":53},[43,4227,4228],{"class":104}," False",[43,4230,800],{"class":53},[43,4232,4228],{"class":104},[43,4234,800],{"class":53},[43,4236,4237],{"class":104}," True",[43,4239,800],{"class":53},[43,4241,4228],{"class":104},[43,4243,3955],{"class":53},[14,4245,4246,4247,4249],{},"This matters because ",[18,4248,3897],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[29,4251,4253],{"id":4252},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[402,4255,4257],{"id":4256},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[34,4259,4261],{"className":36,"code":4260,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,4262,4263,4283],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4264,4265,4267,4269,4271,4273,4275,4277,4279,4281],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4266,3937],{"class":207},[43,4268,212],{"class":211},[43,4270,3942],{"class":53},[43,4272,797],{"class":63},[43,4274,800],{"class":53},[43,4276,803],{"class":63},[43,4278,800],{"class":53},[43,4280,808],{"class":63},[43,4282,3955],{"class":53},[43,4284,4285,4287,4289,4291,4293,4295],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,4286,50],{"class":49},[43,4288,54],{"class":53},[43,4290,4037],{"class":49},[43,4292,54],{"class":53},[43,4294,3969],{"class":236},[43,4296,67],{"class":53},[14,4298,110],{},[34,4300,4302],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"True\n",[18,4303,4304],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4305,4306],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4307,4301],{"class":104},[14,4309,4310,4311,2733,4313,315],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[18,4312,3897],{},[18,4314,105],{},[402,4316,4318],{"id":4317},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[34,4320,4322],{"className":36,"code":4321,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,4323,4324,4344],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4325,4326,4328,4330,4332,4334,4336,4338,4340,4342],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4327,3937],{"class":207},[43,4329,212],{"class":211},[43,4331,3942],{"class":53},[43,4333,797],{"class":63},[43,4335,800],{"class":53},[43,4337,4155],{"class":63},[43,4339,800],{"class":53},[43,4341,808],{"class":63},[43,4343,3955],{"class":53},[43,4345,4346,4348,4350,4352,4354,4356],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,4347,50],{"class":49},[43,4349,54],{"class":53},[43,4351,4037],{"class":49},[43,4353,54],{"class":53},[43,4355,3969],{"class":236},[43,4357,67],{"class":53},[14,4359,110],{},[34,4361,4363],{"className":36,"code":4362,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"False\n",[18,4364,4365],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4366,4367],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4368,4362],{"class":104},[14,4370,4371,4372,4374,4375,2733,4377,315],{},"The value ",[18,4373,2466],{}," is falsy, so ",[18,4376,3897],{},[18,4378,613],{},[402,4380,4382],{"id":4381},"example-strings","Example: strings",[34,4384,4386],{"className":36,"code":4385,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[18,4387,4388,4424],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4389,4390,4393,4395,4397,4399,4402,4404,4406,4408,4411,4413,4415,4417,4420,4422],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4391,4392],{"class":207},"words ",[43,4394,212],{"class":211},[43,4396,3942],{"class":53},[43,4398,283],{"class":81},[43,4400,4401],{"class":85},"apple",[43,4403,283],{"class":81},[43,4405,800],{"class":53},[43,4407,278],{"class":81},[43,4409,4410],{"class":85},"banana",[43,4412,283],{"class":81},[43,4414,800],{"class":53},[43,4416,278],{"class":81},[43,4418,4419],{"class":85},"cherry",[43,4421,283],{"class":81},[43,4423,3955],{"class":53},[43,4425,4426,4428,4430,4432,4434,4437],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,4427,50],{"class":49},[43,4429,54],{"class":53},[43,4431,4037],{"class":49},[43,4433,54],{"class":53},[43,4435,4436],{"class":236},"words",[43,4438,67],{"class":53},[14,4440,110],{},[34,4442,4443],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,4444,4445],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4446,4447],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4448,4301],{"class":104},[14,4450,4451],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[14,4453,4454],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[34,4456,4458],{"className":36,"code":4457,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[18,4459,4460,4488],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4461,4462,4464,4466,4468,4470,4472,4474,4476,4478,4480,4482,4484,4486],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4463,4392],{"class":207},[43,4465,212],{"class":211},[43,4467,3942],{"class":53},[43,4469,283],{"class":81},[43,4471,4401],{"class":85},[43,4473,283],{"class":81},[43,4475,800],{"class":53},[43,4477,4160],{"class":81},[43,4479,800],{"class":53},[43,4481,278],{"class":81},[43,4483,4419],{"class":85},[43,4485,283],{"class":81},[43,4487,3955],{"class":53},[43,4489,4490,4492,4494,4496,4498,4500],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,4491,50],{"class":49},[43,4493,54],{"class":53},[43,4495,4037],{"class":49},[43,4497,54],{"class":53},[43,4499,4436],{"class":236},[43,4501,67],{"class":53},[14,4503,110],{},[34,4505,4506],{"className":36,"code":4362,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,4507,4508],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4509,4510],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4511,4362],{"class":104},[14,4513,4514,4515,4517],{},"The empty string ",[18,4516,4094],{}," is falsy.",[29,4519,4521,4522,4524],{"id":4520},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[18,4523,3897],{}," works with conditions",[14,4526,4527,4529],{},[18,4528,3897],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[14,4531,4532],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[14,4534,4535],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[34,4537,4539],{"className":36,"code":4538,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,4540,4541,4561,4589,4593],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4542,4543,4545,4547,4549,4551,4553,4555,4557,4559],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4544,3937],{"class":207},[43,4546,212],{"class":211},[43,4548,3942],{"class":53},[43,4550,797],{"class":63},[43,4552,800],{"class":53},[43,4554,803],{"class":63},[43,4556,800],{"class":53},[43,4558,808],{"class":63},[43,4560,3955],{"class":53},[43,4562,4563,4565,4567,4569,4571,4573,4576,4578,4580,4582,4584,4587],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,4564,1282],{"class":207},[43,4566,212],{"class":211},[43,4568,3964],{"class":49},[43,4570,54],{"class":53},[43,4572,3347],{"class":236},[43,4574,4575],{"class":211},">",[43,4577,4155],{"class":63},[43,4579,4197],{"class":1927},[43,4581,4200],{"class":236},[43,4583,4203],{"class":1927},[43,4585,4586],{"class":236}," numbers",[43,4588,227],{"class":53},[43,4590,4591],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,4592,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,4594,4595,4597,4599,4601],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,4596,50],{"class":49},[43,4598,54],{"class":53},[43,4600,1306],{"class":236},[43,4602,227],{"class":53},[14,4604,110],{},[34,4606,4607],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,4608,4609],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4610,4611],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4612,4301],{"class":104},[14,4614,4615],{},"Here is one that fails:",[34,4617,4619],{"className":36,"code":4618,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,4620,4621,4643,4669,4673],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4622,4623,4625,4627,4629,4631,4633,4635,4637,4639,4641],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4624,3937],{"class":207},[43,4626,212],{"class":211},[43,4628,3942],{"class":53},[43,4630,797],{"class":63},[43,4632,800],{"class":53},[43,4634,2564],{"class":211},[43,4636,447],{"class":63},[43,4638,800],{"class":53},[43,4640,808],{"class":63},[43,4642,3955],{"class":53},[43,4644,4645,4647,4649,4651,4653,4655,4657,4659,4661,4663,4665,4667],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,4646,1282],{"class":207},[43,4648,212],{"class":211},[43,4650,3964],{"class":49},[43,4652,54],{"class":53},[43,4654,3347],{"class":236},[43,4656,4575],{"class":211},[43,4658,4155],{"class":63},[43,4660,4197],{"class":1927},[43,4662,4200],{"class":236},[43,4664,4203],{"class":1927},[43,4666,4586],{"class":236},[43,4668,227],{"class":53},[43,4670,4671],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,4672,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,4674,4675,4677,4679,4681],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,4676,50],{"class":49},[43,4678,54],{"class":53},[43,4680,1306],{"class":236},[43,4682,227],{"class":53},[14,4684,110],{},[34,4686,4687],{"className":36,"code":4362,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,4688,4689],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4690,4691],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4692,4362],{"class":104},[14,4694,4695,4696,4699,4700,4702,4703,2733,4705,315],{},"The expression ",[18,4697,4698],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[18,4701,105],{},", then ",[18,4704,3897],{},[18,4706,105],{},[14,4708,4709],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[14,4711,4712,4713,895,4717,315],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[189,4714,4716],{"href":4715},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[189,4718,4720],{"href":4719},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[29,4722,4724],{"id":4723},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[14,4726,4727,2733,4729,315],{},[18,4728,3920],{},[18,4730,105],{},[14,4732,4733],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[14,4735,197],{},[34,4737,4739],{"className":36,"code":4738,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(all([]))\n",[18,4740,4741],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4742,4743,4745,4747,4749],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4744,50],{"class":49},[43,4746,54],{"class":53},[43,4748,4037],{"class":49},[43,4750,4751],{"class":53},"([]))\n",[14,4753,110],{},[34,4755,4756],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,4757,4758],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4759,4760],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4761,4301],{"class":104},[14,4763,4764],{},"Why?",[14,4766,4767],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[14,4769,4770],{},"Think of it this way:",[150,4772,4773,4780,4783],{},[153,4774,4775,2733,4777,4779],{},[18,4776,3897],{},[18,4778,613],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[153,4781,4782],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[153,4784,4785,4786],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[18,4787,613],{},[14,4789,4790],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[14,4792,4793],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[34,4795,4797],{"className":36,"code":4796,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[18,4798,4799,4810],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4800,4801,4803,4805,4807],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4802,50],{"class":49},[43,4804,54],{"class":53},[43,4806,4037],{"class":49},[43,4808,4809],{"class":53},"(()))\n",[43,4811,4812,4814,4816,4818,4820,4822],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,4813,50],{"class":49},[43,4815,54],{"class":53},[43,4817,4037],{"class":49},[43,4819,54],{"class":53},[43,4821,4094],{"class":81},[43,4823,67],{"class":53},[14,4825,110],{},[34,4827,4829],{"className":36,"code":4828,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"True\nTrue\n",[18,4830,4831,4835],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4832,4833],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4834,4301],{"class":104},[43,4836,4837],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,4838,4301],{"class":104},[29,4840,4842],{"id":4841},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[402,4844,4846],{"id":4845},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[14,4848,4849],{},"This is wrong:",[34,4851,4853],{"className":36,"code":4852,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[18,4854,4855,4860],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4856,4857],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4858,4859],{"class":3984},"# Wrong\n",[43,4861,4862],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,4863,4864],{"class":3984},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[14,4866,4867,4869],{},[18,4868,3897],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[14,4871,4872],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[34,4874,4876],{"className":36,"code":4875,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,4877,4878],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4879,4880,4882,4884,4886,4888,4890,4892,4894,4896,4898],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4881,50],{"class":49},[43,4883,54],{"class":53},[43,4885,4037],{"class":49},[43,4887,794],{"class":53},[43,4889,797],{"class":63},[43,4891,800],{"class":53},[43,4893,803],{"class":63},[43,4895,800],{"class":53},[43,4897,808],{"class":63},[43,4899,811],{"class":53},[402,4901,4903,4904,4906],{"id":4902},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[18,4905,3897],{}," compares values automatically",[14,4908,4909],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[34,4911,4913],{"className":36,"code":4912,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,4914,4915,4936],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4916,4917,4919,4921,4923,4925,4927,4930,4932,4934],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4918,3937],{"class":207},[43,4920,212],{"class":211},[43,4922,3942],{"class":53},[43,4924,64],{"class":63},[43,4926,800],{"class":53},[43,4928,4929],{"class":63}," 5",[43,4931,800],{"class":53},[43,4933,4929],{"class":63},[43,4935,3955],{"class":53},[43,4937,4938,4940,4942,4944,4946,4948],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,4939,50],{"class":49},[43,4941,54],{"class":53},[43,4943,4037],{"class":49},[43,4945,54],{"class":53},[43,4947,3969],{"class":236},[43,4949,67],{"class":53},[14,4951,4952,4953,4955],{},"This does ",[913,4954,734],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[14,4957,4958,4959,4961],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[18,4960,64],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[34,4963,4964],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,4965,4966],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4967,4968],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4969,4301],{"class":104},[14,4971,4972],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[34,4974,4976],{"className":36,"code":4975,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[18,4977,4978,4998],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,4979,4980,4982,4984,4986,4988,4990,4992,4994,4996],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,4981,3937],{"class":207},[43,4983,212],{"class":211},[43,4985,3942],{"class":53},[43,4987,64],{"class":63},[43,4989,800],{"class":53},[43,4991,4929],{"class":63},[43,4993,800],{"class":53},[43,4995,4929],{"class":63},[43,4997,3955],{"class":53},[43,4999,5000,5002,5004,5006,5008,5010,5013,5015,5017,5019,5021,5023],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,5001,50],{"class":49},[43,5003,54],{"class":53},[43,5005,4037],{"class":49},[43,5007,54],{"class":53},[43,5009,3347],{"class":236},[43,5011,5012],{"class":211},"==",[43,5014,4929],{"class":63},[43,5016,4197],{"class":1927},[43,5018,4200],{"class":236},[43,5020,4203],{"class":1927},[43,5022,4586],{"class":236},[43,5024,67],{"class":53},[402,5026,1572,5028,5030],{"id":5027},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy",[18,5029,2466],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[34,5032,5034],{"className":36,"code":5033,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[18,5035,5036,5062],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5037,5038,5040,5042,5044,5046,5048,5050,5052,5054,5056,5059],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5039,50],{"class":49},[43,5041,54],{"class":53},[43,5043,4037],{"class":49},[43,5045,794],{"class":53},[43,5047,797],{"class":63},[43,5049,800],{"class":53},[43,5051,803],{"class":63},[43,5053,800],{"class":53},[43,5055,4155],{"class":63},[43,5057,5058],{"class":53},"]))",[43,5060,5061],{"class":3984},"       # False\n",[43,5063,5064,5066,5068,5070,5072,5074,5076,5078,5080,5082,5084,5086,5088,5090,5092],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,5065,50],{"class":49},[43,5067,54],{"class":53},[43,5069,4037],{"class":49},[43,5071,794],{"class":53},[43,5073,283],{"class":81},[43,5075,189],{"class":85},[43,5077,283],{"class":81},[43,5079,800],{"class":53},[43,5081,278],{"class":81},[43,5083,1231],{"class":85},[43,5085,283],{"class":81},[43,5087,800],{"class":53},[43,5089,4160],{"class":81},[43,5091,5058],{"class":53},[43,5093,5094],{"class":3984},"  # False\n",[14,5096,5097,5098,315],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[18,5099,613],{},[402,5101,5103,5104,5106,5107],{"id":5102},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[18,5105,3920],{}," is ",[18,5108,105],{},[14,5110,5111],{},"This is expected behavior:",[34,5113,5115],{"className":36,"code":5114,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[18,5116,5117],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5118,5119,5121,5123,5125,5128],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5120,50],{"class":49},[43,5122,54],{"class":53},[43,5124,4037],{"class":49},[43,5126,5127],{"class":53},"([]))",[43,5129,3985],{"class":3984},[14,5131,5132,5133,5135],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[18,5134,105],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[14,5137,5138],{},"Useful quick tests:",[34,5140,5142],{"className":36,"code":5141,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[18,5143,5144,5166,5188,5235,5271],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5145,5146,5148,5150,5152,5154,5156,5158,5160,5162,5164],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5147,50],{"class":49},[43,5149,54],{"class":53},[43,5151,4037],{"class":49},[43,5153,794],{"class":53},[43,5155,797],{"class":63},[43,5157,800],{"class":53},[43,5159,803],{"class":63},[43,5161,800],{"class":53},[43,5163,808],{"class":63},[43,5165,811],{"class":53},[43,5167,5168,5170,5172,5174,5176,5178,5180,5182,5184,5186],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,5169,50],{"class":49},[43,5171,54],{"class":53},[43,5173,4037],{"class":49},[43,5175,794],{"class":53},[43,5177,797],{"class":63},[43,5179,800],{"class":53},[43,5181,4155],{"class":63},[43,5183,800],{"class":53},[43,5185,808],{"class":63},[43,5187,811],{"class":53},[43,5189,5190,5192,5194,5196,5198,5200,5202,5204,5206,5208,5210,5212,5214,5216,5218,5220,5222,5224,5226,5228,5230,5232],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,5191,50],{"class":49},[43,5193,794],{"class":53},[43,5195,4188],{"class":57},[43,5197,54],{"class":53},[43,5199,2519],{"class":236},[43,5201,1221],{"class":53},[43,5203,4197],{"class":1927},[43,5205,4200],{"class":236},[43,5207,4203],{"class":1927},[43,5209,3942],{"class":53},[43,5211,797],{"class":63},[43,5213,800],{"class":53},[43,5215,4155],{"class":63},[43,5217,800],{"class":53},[43,5219,4160],{"class":81},[43,5221,800],{"class":53},[43,5223,278],{"class":81},[43,5225,710],{"class":85},[43,5227,283],{"class":81},[43,5229,800],{"class":53},[43,5231,4173],{"class":104},[43,5233,5234],{"class":53},"]])\n",[43,5236,5237,5239,5241,5243,5245,5247,5249,5251,5253,5255,5257,5259,5261,5263,5265,5267,5269],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,5238,50],{"class":49},[43,5240,54],{"class":53},[43,5242,4037],{"class":49},[43,5244,54],{"class":53},[43,5246,3347],{"class":236},[43,5248,4575],{"class":211},[43,5250,4155],{"class":63},[43,5252,4197],{"class":1927},[43,5254,4200],{"class":236},[43,5256,4203],{"class":1927},[43,5258,3942],{"class":53},[43,5260,797],{"class":63},[43,5262,800],{"class":53},[43,5264,803],{"class":63},[43,5266,800],{"class":53},[43,5268,808],{"class":63},[43,5270,811],{"class":53},[43,5272,5273,5275,5277,5279],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,5274,50],{"class":49},[43,5276,54],{"class":53},[43,5278,4037],{"class":49},[43,5280,4751],{"class":53},[29,5282,5284,5285],{"id":5283},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[18,5286,3897],{},[14,5288,5289,5291],{},[18,5290,3897],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[14,5293,5294],{},"Common use cases:",[150,5296,5297,5300,5303],{},[153,5298,5299],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[153,5301,5302],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[153,5304,5305],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[14,5307,5308],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[34,5310,5312],{"className":36,"code":5311,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[18,5313,5314,5350],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5315,5316,5319,5321,5323,5325,5328,5330,5332,5334,5337,5339,5341,5343,5346,5348],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5317,5318],{"class":207},"names ",[43,5320,212],{"class":211},[43,5322,3942],{"class":53},[43,5324,283],{"class":81},[43,5326,5327],{"class":85},"Alice",[43,5329,283],{"class":81},[43,5331,800],{"class":53},[43,5333,278],{"class":81},[43,5335,5336],{"class":85},"Bob",[43,5338,283],{"class":81},[43,5340,800],{"class":53},[43,5342,278],{"class":81},[43,5344,5345],{"class":85},"Charlie",[43,5347,283],{"class":81},[43,5349,3955],{"class":53},[43,5351,5352,5354,5356,5358,5360,5363],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,5353,50],{"class":49},[43,5355,54],{"class":53},[43,5357,4037],{"class":49},[43,5359,54],{"class":53},[43,5361,5362],{"class":236},"names",[43,5364,67],{"class":53},[14,5366,110],{},[34,5368,5369],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,5370,5371],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5372,5373],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5374,4301],{"class":104},[14,5376,5377],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[34,5379,5381],{"className":36,"code":5380,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[18,5382,5383,5407],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5384,5385,5388,5390,5392,5395,5397,5400,5402,5405],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5386,5387],{"class":207},"scores ",[43,5389,212],{"class":211},[43,5391,3942],{"class":53},[43,5393,5394],{"class":63},"75",[43,5396,800],{"class":53},[43,5398,5399],{"class":63}," 80",[43,5401,800],{"class":53},[43,5403,5404],{"class":63}," 50",[43,5406,3955],{"class":53},[43,5408,5409,5411,5413,5415,5417,5420,5423,5425,5427,5430,5432,5435],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,5410,50],{"class":49},[43,5412,54],{"class":53},[43,5414,4037],{"class":49},[43,5416,54],{"class":53},[43,5418,5419],{"class":236},"score ",[43,5421,5422],{"class":211},">=",[43,5424,5404],{"class":63},[43,5426,4197],{"class":1927},[43,5428,5429],{"class":236}," score ",[43,5431,4203],{"class":1927},[43,5433,5434],{"class":236}," scores",[43,5436,67],{"class":53},[14,5438,110],{},[34,5440,5441],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,5442,5443],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5444,5445],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5446,4301],{"class":104},[14,5448,5449],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[14,5451,5452,5453,895,5457,315],{},"For related tasks, see ",[189,5454,5456],{"href":5455},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[189,5458,5460],{"href":5459},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[29,5462,2162],{"id":2161},[402,5464,5466,5467,5469],{"id":5465},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[18,5468,3897],{}," return in Python?",[14,5471,2206,5472,5474,5475,5477],{},[18,5473,105],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[18,5476,613],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[402,5479,5481,5482,5484,5485,2822],{"id":5480},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[18,5483,3920],{}," return ",[18,5486,105],{},[14,5488,5489],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[402,5491,5493,5494,5496],{"id":5492},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[18,5495,3897],{}," take multiple values directly?",[14,5498,5499],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[402,5501,5503,5504,895,5506,2822],{"id":5502},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[18,5505,3897],{},[18,5507,5508],{},"any()",[14,5510,5511,5513,5514,5516,5517,315],{},[18,5512,3897],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[18,5515,5508],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[189,5518,3894,5520,3827],{"href":5519},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[18,5521,5508],{},[29,5523,2229],{"id":2228},[150,5525,5526,5532,5536,5541,5546,5551],{},[153,5527,5528],{},[189,5529,3894,5530,3827],{"href":5519},[18,5531,5508],{},[153,5533,5534],{},[189,5535,4128],{"href":4127},[153,5537,5538],{},[189,5539,5540],{"href":5459},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[153,5542,5543],{},[189,5544,5545],{"href":5455},"How to filter a list in Python",[153,5547,5548],{},[189,5549,5550],{"href":4715},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[153,5552,5553],{},[189,5554,5555],{"href":4719},"What is an iterable in Python",[2262,5557,5558],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":5560},[5561,5562,5564,5565,5570,5572,5573,5582,5584,5594],{"id":3926,"depth":70,"text":3927},{"id":3997,"depth":70,"text":5563},"What all() does",{"id":4050,"depth":70,"text":4051},{"id":4252,"depth":70,"text":4253,"children":5566},[5567,5568,5569],{"id":4256,"depth":93,"text":4257},{"id":4317,"depth":93,"text":4318},{"id":4381,"depth":93,"text":4382},{"id":4520,"depth":70,"text":5571},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4723,"depth":70,"text":4724},{"id":4841,"depth":70,"text":4842,"children":5574},[5575,5576,5578,5580],{"id":4845,"depth":93,"text":4846},{"id":4902,"depth":93,"text":5577},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":5027,"depth":93,"text":5579},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":5102,"depth":93,"text":5581},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5283,"depth":70,"text":5583},"When to use all()",{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":5585},[5586,5588,5590,5592],{"id":5465,"depth":93,"text":5587},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5480,"depth":93,"text":5589},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5492,"depth":93,"text":5591},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5502,"depth":93,"text":5593},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3888,"description":5595},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5602,"title":5603,"body":5604,"description":7293,"extension":2312,"meta":7294,"navigation":958,"path":5519,"seo":7295,"stem":7296,"__hash__":7297},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5605,"toc":7271},[5606,5609,5617,5620,5637,5645,5689,5698,5702,5707,5710,5727,5730,5741,5753,5757,5760,5775,5780,5783,5795,5798,5883,5886,5907,5913,5915,5923,5937,5939,5973,5975,5978,6039,6041,6058,6061,6088,6090,6098,6110,6114,6117,6156,6158,6166,6168,6184,6192,6195,6238,6240,6248,6253,6257,6265,6268,6295,6298,6301,6375,6377,6385,6392,6416,6427,6430,6509,6511,6519,6526,6530,6535,6550,6552,6560,6563,6569,6572,6617,6619,6636,6640,6645,6656,6659,6771,6774,6833,6839,6841,6846,6850,6852,6871,6877,6880,6899,6903,6912,6939,6941,6949,6957,6961,6967,6990,6992,7000,7007,7011,7014,7065,7068,7119,7122,7124,7128,7135,7139,7146,7150,7158,7162,7165,7187,7189,7239,7241,7268],[10,5607,5603],{"id":5608},"python-any-function-explained",[14,5610,5611,5613,5614,315],{},[18,5612,5508],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[913,5615,5616],{},"at least one item is truthy",[14,5618,5619],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[150,5621,5622,5625,5628,5631,5634],{},[153,5623,5624],{},"lists",[153,5626,5627],{},"tuples",[153,5629,5630],{},"sets",[153,5632,5633],{},"strings",[153,5635,5636],{},"generator expressions",[14,5638,5639,5640,2172,5642,5644],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[18,5641,105],{},[18,5643,613],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[34,5646,5648],{"className":36,"code":5647,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[18,5649,5650,5670],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5651,5652,5654,5656,5658,5660,5662,5664,5666,5668],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5653,4144],{"class":207},[43,5655,212],{"class":211},[43,5657,3942],{"class":53},[43,5659,2466],{"class":63},[43,5661,800],{"class":53},[43,5663,4160],{"class":81},[43,5665,800],{"class":53},[43,5667,4929],{"class":63},[43,5669,3955],{"class":53},[43,5671,5672,5674,5676,5679,5681,5684,5687],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,5673,50],{"class":49},[43,5675,54],{"class":53},[43,5677,5678],{"class":49},"any",[43,5680,54],{"class":53},[43,5682,5683],{"class":236},"values",[43,5685,5686],{"class":53},"))",[43,5688,3985],{"class":3984},[14,5690,133,5691,5694,5695,5697],{},[18,5692,5693],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[18,5696,105],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[29,5699,5701],{"id":5700},"what-any-does","What any() does",[14,5703,5704,5706],{},[18,5705,5508],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[14,5708,5709],{},"It returns:",[150,5711,5712,5717,5722],{},[153,5713,5714,5716],{},[18,5715,105],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[153,5718,5719,5721],{},[18,5720,613],{}," if all items are falsy",[153,5723,5724,5726],{},[18,5725,613],{}," if the iterable is empty",[14,5728,5729],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[150,5731,5732,5735,5738],{},[153,5733,5734],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[153,5736,5737],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[153,5739,5740],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[14,5742,5743,5744,5747,5748,315],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[913,5745,5746],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[189,5749,5751],{"href":5750},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[18,5752,3897],{},[29,5754,5756],{"id":5755},"syntax","Syntax",[14,5758,5759],{},"The syntax is simple:",[34,5761,5763],{"className":36,"code":5762,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"any(iterable)\n",[18,5764,5765],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5766,5767,5769,5771,5773],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5768,5678],{"class":49},[43,5770,54],{"class":53},[43,5772,4042],{"class":236},[43,5774,227],{"class":53},[14,5776,5777,5778,315],{},"The argument must be an ",[913,5779,4042],{},[14,5781,5782],{},"Common inputs include:",[150,5784,5785,5787,5789,5791,5793],{},[153,5786,5624],{},[153,5788,5627],{},[153,5790,5630],{},[153,5792,5633],{},[153,5794,5636],{},[14,5796,5797],{},"For example:",[34,5799,5801],{"className":36,"code":5800,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[18,5802,5803,5826,5845,5865],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5804,5805,5807,5809,5811,5813,5815,5817,5819,5821,5824],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5806,50],{"class":49},[43,5808,54],{"class":53},[43,5810,5678],{"class":49},[43,5812,794],{"class":53},[43,5814,2466],{"class":63},[43,5816,800],{"class":53},[43,5818,4155],{"class":63},[43,5820,800],{"class":53},[43,5822,5823],{"class":63}," 1",[43,5825,811],{"class":53},[43,5827,5828,5830,5832,5834,5837,5839,5841,5843],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,5829,50],{"class":49},[43,5831,54],{"class":53},[43,5833,5678],{"class":49},[43,5835,5836],{"class":53},"((",[43,5838,613],{"class":104},[43,5840,800],{"class":53},[43,5842,4228],{"class":104},[43,5844,3239],{"class":53},[43,5846,5847,5849,5851,5853,5856,5858,5860,5862],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,5848,50],{"class":49},[43,5850,54],{"class":53},[43,5852,5678],{"class":49},[43,5854,5855],{"class":53},"({",[43,5857,2466],{"class":63},[43,5859,800],{"class":53},[43,5861,803],{"class":63},[43,5863,5864],{"class":53},"}))\n",[43,5866,5867,5869,5871,5873,5875,5877,5879,5881],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,5868,50],{"class":49},[43,5870,54],{"class":53},[43,5872,5678],{"class":49},[43,5874,54],{"class":53},[43,5876,82],{"class":81},[43,5878,710],{"class":85},[43,5880,82],{"class":81},[43,5882,67],{"class":53},[14,5884,5885],{},"Expected output:",[34,5887,5889],{"className":36,"code":5888,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,5890,5891,5895,5899,5903],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5892,5893],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5894,4301],{"class":104},[43,5896,5897],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,5898,4362],{"class":104},[43,5900,5901],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,5902,4301],{"class":104},[43,5904,5905],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,5906,4301],{"class":104},[14,5908,5909,5910,315],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[189,5911,5460],{"href":5912},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[29,5914,4051],{"id":4050},[14,5916,4054,5917,2172,5920,4059],{},[913,5918,5919],{},"truthy",[913,5921,5922],{},"falsy",[150,5924,5925,5931],{},[153,5926,5927,4067,5929],{},[913,5928,4066],{},[18,5930,105],{},[153,5932,5933,4067,5935],{},[913,5934,4074],{},[18,5936,613],{},[14,5938,4079],{},[150,5940,5941,5945,5949,5953,5957,5961,5965,5969],{},[153,5942,5943],{},[18,5944,613],{},[153,5946,5947],{},[18,5948,2466],{},[153,5950,5951],{},[18,5952,324],{},[153,5954,5955],{},[18,5956,4094],{},[153,5958,5959],{},[18,5960,4108],{},[153,5962,5963],{},[18,5964,4113],{},[153,5966,5967],{},[18,5968,4118],{},[153,5970,5971],{},[18,5972,4099],{},[14,5974,4121],{},[14,5976,5977],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[34,5979,5981],{"className":36,"code":5980,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[18,5982,5983,5997,6015],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,5984,5985,5987,5989,5991,5993,5995],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,5986,50],{"class":49},[43,5988,54],{"class":53},[43,5990,5678],{"class":49},[43,5992,794],{"class":53},[43,5994,797],{"class":63},[43,5996,811],{"class":53},[43,5998,5999,6001,6003,6005,6007,6009,6011,6013],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,6000,50],{"class":49},[43,6002,54],{"class":53},[43,6004,5678],{"class":49},[43,6006,794],{"class":53},[43,6008,283],{"class":81},[43,6010,710],{"class":85},[43,6012,283],{"class":81},[43,6014,811],{"class":53},[43,6016,6017,6019,6021,6023,6026,6028,6030,6032,6034,6036],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,6018,50],{"class":49},[43,6020,54],{"class":53},[43,6022,5678],{"class":49},[43,6024,6025],{"class":53},"([[",[43,6027,797],{"class":63},[43,6029,800],{"class":53},[43,6031,803],{"class":63},[43,6033,800],{"class":53},[43,6035,808],{"class":63},[43,6037,6038],{"class":53},"]]))\n",[14,6040,5885],{},[34,6042,6044],{"className":36,"code":6043,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,6045,6046,6050,6054],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6047,6048],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6049,4301],{"class":104},[43,6051,6052],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,6053,4301],{"class":104},[43,6055,6056],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,6057,4301],{"class":104},[14,6059,6060],{},"And these are all falsy:",[34,6062,6064],{"className":36,"code":6063,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[18,6065,6066],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6067,6068,6070,6072,6074,6076,6078,6080,6082,6084,6086],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6069,50],{"class":49},[43,6071,54],{"class":53},[43,6073,5678],{"class":49},[43,6075,794],{"class":53},[43,6077,2466],{"class":63},[43,6079,800],{"class":53},[43,6081,4160],{"class":81},[43,6083,800],{"class":53},[43,6085,4173],{"class":104},[43,6087,811],{"class":53},[14,6089,5885],{},[34,6091,6092],{"className":36,"code":4362,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,6093,6094],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6095,6096],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6097,4362],{"class":104},[14,6099,6100,6101,895,6104,315],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[189,6102,4128],{"href":6103},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[189,6105,6107,6109],{"href":6106},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[18,6108,4134],{}," explained",[29,6111,6113],{"id":6112},"basic-example","Basic example",[14,6115,6116],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[34,6118,6120],{"className":36,"code":6119,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[18,6121,6122,6142],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6123,6124,6126,6128,6130,6132,6134,6136,6138,6140],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6125,4144],{"class":207},[43,6127,212],{"class":211},[43,6129,3942],{"class":53},[43,6131,2466],{"class":63},[43,6133,800],{"class":53},[43,6135,4160],{"class":81},[43,6137,800],{"class":53},[43,6139,4929],{"class":63},[43,6141,3955],{"class":53},[43,6143,6144,6146,6148,6150,6152,6154],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,6145,50],{"class":49},[43,6147,54],{"class":53},[43,6149,5678],{"class":49},[43,6151,54],{"class":53},[43,6153,5683],{"class":236},[43,6155,67],{"class":53},[14,6157,110],{},[34,6159,6160],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,6161,6162],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6163,6164],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6165,4301],{"class":104},[14,6167,4764],{},[150,6169,6170,6175,6179],{},[153,6171,6172,6174],{},[18,6173,2466],{}," is falsy",[153,6176,6177,6174],{},[18,6178,4094],{},[153,6180,6181,6183],{},[18,6182,64],{}," is truthy",[14,6185,6186,6187,2733,6190,315],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[18,6188,6189],{},"any(values)",[18,6191,105],{},[14,6193,6194],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[34,6196,6198],{"className":36,"code":6197,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[18,6199,6200,6224],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6201,6202,6204,6206,6208,6210,6212,6214,6216,6218,6220,6222],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6203,4144],{"class":207},[43,6205,212],{"class":211},[43,6207,3942],{"class":53},[43,6209,2466],{"class":63},[43,6211,800],{"class":53},[43,6213,4160],{"class":81},[43,6215,800],{"class":53},[43,6217,4173],{"class":104},[43,6219,800],{"class":53},[43,6221,4228],{"class":104},[43,6223,3955],{"class":53},[43,6225,6226,6228,6230,6232,6234,6236],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,6227,50],{"class":49},[43,6229,54],{"class":53},[43,6231,5678],{"class":49},[43,6233,54],{"class":53},[43,6235,5683],{"class":236},[43,6237,67],{"class":53},[14,6239,110],{},[34,6241,6242],{"className":36,"code":4362,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,6243,6244],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6245,6246],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6247,4362],{"class":104},[14,6249,6250,6251,315],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[18,6252,613],{},[29,6254,6256],{"id":6255},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[14,6258,6259,6261,6262,315],{},[18,6260,5508],{}," is often used with a ",[913,6263,6264],{},"generator expression",[14,6266,6267],{},"This is a common pattern:",[34,6269,6271],{"className":36,"code":6270,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[18,6272,6273],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6274,6275,6277,6279,6282,6285,6288,6290,6293],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6276,5678],{"class":49},[43,6278,54],{"class":53},[43,6280,6281],{"class":236},"condition ",[43,6283,6284],{"class":1927},"for",[43,6286,6287],{"class":236}," item ",[43,6289,4203],{"class":1927},[43,6291,6292],{"class":236}," items",[43,6294,227],{"class":53},[14,6296,6297],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[14,6299,6300],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[34,6302,6304],{"className":36,"code":6303,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,6305,6306,6334,6338,6365],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6307,6308,6310,6312,6314,6316,6318,6321,6323,6325,6327,6329,6332],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6309,3937],{"class":207},[43,6311,212],{"class":211},[43,6313,3942],{"class":53},[43,6315,2835],{"class":63},[43,6317,800],{"class":53},[43,6319,6320],{"class":63}," 7",[43,6322,800],{"class":53},[43,6324,2564],{"class":211},[43,6326,447],{"class":63},[43,6328,800],{"class":53},[43,6330,6331],{"class":63}," 10",[43,6333,3955],{"class":53},[43,6335,6336],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,6337,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,6339,6340,6342,6344,6347,6349,6351,6353,6355,6357,6359,6361,6363],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,6341,1282],{"class":207},[43,6343,212],{"class":211},[43,6345,6346],{"class":49}," any",[43,6348,54],{"class":53},[43,6350,3347],{"class":236},[43,6352,271],{"class":211},[43,6354,4155],{"class":63},[43,6356,4197],{"class":1927},[43,6358,4200],{"class":236},[43,6360,4203],{"class":1927},[43,6362,4586],{"class":236},[43,6364,227],{"class":53},[43,6366,6367,6369,6371,6373],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,6368,50],{"class":49},[43,6370,54],{"class":53},[43,6372,1306],{"class":236},[43,6374,227],{"class":53},[14,6376,110],{},[34,6378,6379],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,6380,6381],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6382,6383],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6384,4301],{"class":104},[14,6386,6387,6388,6391],{},"This works because ",[18,6389,6390],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[150,6393,6394,6402,6409],{},[153,6395,6396,6399,6400],{},[18,6397,6398],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[18,6401,613],{},[153,6403,6404,6399,6407],{},[18,6405,6406],{},"7 \u003C 0",[18,6408,613],{},[153,6410,6411,6399,6414],{},[18,6412,6413],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[18,6415,105],{},[14,6417,6418,6419,6421,6422,6424,6425,315],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[18,6420,105],{}," result, ",[18,6423,5508],{}," can return ",[18,6426,105],{},[14,6428,6429],{},"Here is another example:",[34,6431,6433],{"className":36,"code":6432,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[18,6434,6435,6464,6468,6498],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6436,6437,6439,6441,6443,6445,6447,6449,6451,6454,6456,6458,6460,6462],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6438,4392],{"class":207},[43,6440,212],{"class":211},[43,6442,3942],{"class":53},[43,6444,82],{"class":81},[43,6446,4401],{"class":85},[43,6448,82],{"class":81},[43,6450,800],{"class":53},[43,6452,6453],{"class":81}," \"\"",[43,6455,800],{"class":53},[43,6457,932],{"class":81},[43,6459,4410],{"class":85},[43,6461,82],{"class":81},[43,6463,3955],{"class":53},[43,6465,6466],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,6467,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,6469,6470,6473,6475,6477,6479,6482,6484,6486,6488,6491,6493,6496],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,6471,6472],{"class":207},"has_empty_string ",[43,6474,212],{"class":211},[43,6476,6346],{"class":49},[43,6478,54],{"class":53},[43,6480,6481],{"class":236},"word ",[43,6483,5012],{"class":211},[43,6485,6453],{"class":81},[43,6487,4197],{"class":1927},[43,6489,6490],{"class":236}," word ",[43,6492,4203],{"class":1927},[43,6494,6495],{"class":236}," words",[43,6497,227],{"class":53},[43,6499,6500,6502,6504,6507],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,6501,50],{"class":49},[43,6503,54],{"class":53},[43,6505,6506],{"class":236},"has_empty_string",[43,6508,227],{"class":53},[14,6510,110],{},[34,6512,6513],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,6514,6515],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6516,6517],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6518,4301],{"class":104},[14,6520,6521,6522,315],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[189,6523,6525],{"href":6524},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[29,6527,6529],{"id":6528},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[14,6531,6532,6533,325],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[18,6534,613],{},[34,6536,6538],{"className":36,"code":6537,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(any([]))\n",[18,6539,6540],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6541,6542,6544,6546,6548],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6543,50],{"class":49},[43,6545,54],{"class":53},[43,6547,5678],{"class":49},[43,6549,4751],{"class":53},[14,6551,110],{},[34,6553,6554],{"className":36,"code":4362,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,6555,6556],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6557,6558],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6559,4362],{"class":104},[14,6561,6562],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[14,6564,6565,6566,6568],{},"The reason is simple: ",[18,6567,5508],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[14,6570,6571],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[34,6573,6575],{"className":36,"code":6574,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[18,6576,6577,6587,6601],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6578,6579,6581,6583,6585],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6580,50],{"class":49},[43,6582,54],{"class":53},[43,6584,5678],{"class":49},[43,6586,4809],{"class":53},[43,6588,6589,6591,6593,6595,6597,6599],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,6590,50],{"class":49},[43,6592,54],{"class":53},[43,6594,5678],{"class":49},[43,6596,54],{"class":53},[43,6598,769],{"class":81},[43,6600,67],{"class":53},[43,6602,6603,6605,6607,6609,6611,6614],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,6604,50],{"class":49},[43,6606,54],{"class":53},[43,6608,5678],{"class":49},[43,6610,54],{"class":53},[43,6612,6613],{"class":57},"set",[43,6615,6616],{"class":53},"()))\n",[14,6618,110],{},[34,6620,6622],{"className":36,"code":6621,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[18,6623,6624,6628,6632],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6625,6626],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6627,4362],{"class":104},[43,6629,6630],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,6631,4362],{"class":104},[43,6633,6634],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,6635,4362],{"class":104},[29,6637,6639],{"id":6638},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[14,6641,133,6642,6644],{},[18,6643,5508],{}," when you want to:",[150,6646,6647,6650,6653],{},[153,6648,6649],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[153,6651,6652],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[153,6654,6655],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[14,6657,6658],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[34,6660,6662],{"className":36,"code":6661,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[18,6663,6664,6689,6693,6703,6707,6720,6739,6749,6754,6759],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6665,6666,6668,6670,6672,6674,6676,6678,6680,6682,6684,6687],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6667,3937],{"class":207},[43,6669,212],{"class":211},[43,6671,3942],{"class":53},[43,6673,797],{"class":63},[43,6675,800],{"class":53},[43,6677,808],{"class":63},[43,6679,800],{"class":53},[43,6681,4929],{"class":63},[43,6683,800],{"class":53},[43,6685,6686],{"class":63}," 8",[43,6688,3955],{"class":53},[43,6690,6691],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,6692,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,6694,6695,6698,6700],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,6696,6697],{"class":207},"found_even ",[43,6699,212],{"class":211},[43,6701,6702],{"class":104}," False\n",[43,6704,6705],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,6706,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,6708,6709,6711,6714,6716,6718],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,6710,6284],{"class":1927},[43,6712,6713],{"class":207}," number ",[43,6715,4203],{"class":1927},[43,6717,4586],{"class":207},[43,6719,1931],{"class":53},[43,6721,6722,6725,6727,6730,6732,6735,6737],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,6723,6724],{"class":1927},"    if",[43,6726,6713],{"class":207},[43,6728,6729],{"class":211},"%",[43,6731,803],{"class":63},[43,6733,6734],{"class":211}," ==",[43,6736,4155],{"class":63},[43,6738,1931],{"class":53},[43,6740,6741,6744,6746],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,6742,6743],{"class":207},"        found_even ",[43,6745,212],{"class":211},[43,6747,6748],{"class":104}," True\n",[43,6750,6751],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,6752,6753],{"class":1927},"        break\n",[43,6755,6757],{"class":45,"line":6756},9,[43,6758,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,6760,6762,6764,6766,6769],{"class":45,"line":6761},10,[43,6763,50],{"class":49},[43,6765,54],{"class":53},[43,6767,6768],{"class":236},"found_even",[43,6770,227],{"class":53},[14,6772,6773],{},"You can write:",[34,6775,6777],{"className":36,"code":6776,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[18,6778,6779,6803],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6780,6781,6783,6785,6787,6789,6791,6793,6795,6797,6799,6801],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6782,3937],{"class":207},[43,6784,212],{"class":211},[43,6786,3942],{"class":53},[43,6788,797],{"class":63},[43,6790,800],{"class":53},[43,6792,808],{"class":63},[43,6794,800],{"class":53},[43,6796,4929],{"class":63},[43,6798,800],{"class":53},[43,6800,6686],{"class":63},[43,6802,3955],{"class":53},[43,6804,6805,6807,6809,6811,6813,6815,6817,6819,6821,6823,6825,6827,6829,6831],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,6806,50],{"class":49},[43,6808,54],{"class":53},[43,6810,5678],{"class":49},[43,6812,54],{"class":53},[43,6814,208],{"class":236},[43,6816,6729],{"class":211},[43,6818,803],{"class":63},[43,6820,6734],{"class":211},[43,6822,4155],{"class":63},[43,6824,4197],{"class":1927},[43,6826,6713],{"class":236},[43,6828,4203],{"class":1927},[43,6830,4586],{"class":236},[43,6832,67],{"class":53},[14,6834,6835,6836,6838],{},"Both work, but ",[18,6837,5508],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[29,6840,4842],{"id":4841},[14,6842,6843,6844,315],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[18,6845,5508],{},[402,6847,6849],{"id":6848},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[14,6851,4849],{},[34,6853,6855],{"className":36,"code":6854,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(any(5))\n",[18,6856,6857],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6858,6859,6861,6863,6865,6867,6869],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6860,50],{"class":49},[43,6862,54],{"class":53},[43,6864,5678],{"class":49},[43,6866,54],{"class":53},[43,6868,64],{"class":63},[43,6870,67],{"class":53},[14,6872,6873,6874,6876],{},"It causes an error because ",[18,6875,64],{}," is not iterable.",[14,6878,6879],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[34,6881,6883],{"className":36,"code":6882,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(any([5]))\n",[18,6884,6885],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6886,6887,6889,6891,6893,6895,6897],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6888,50],{"class":49},[43,6890,54],{"class":53},[43,6892,5678],{"class":49},[43,6894,794],{"class":53},[43,6896,64],{"class":63},[43,6898,811],{"class":53},[402,6900,6902],{"id":6901},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[14,6904,6905,6907,6908,6911],{},[18,6906,5508],{}," needs only ",[913,6909,6910],{},"one"," truthy item.",[34,6913,6915],{"className":36,"code":6914,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[18,6916,6917],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6918,6919,6921,6923,6925,6927,6929,6931,6933,6935,6937],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6920,50],{"class":49},[43,6922,54],{"class":53},[43,6924,5678],{"class":49},[43,6926,794],{"class":53},[43,6928,613],{"class":104},[43,6930,800],{"class":53},[43,6932,4228],{"class":104},[43,6934,800],{"class":53},[43,6936,4237],{"class":104},[43,6938,811],{"class":53},[14,6940,110],{},[34,6942,6943],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,6944,6945],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6946,6947],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6948,4301],{"class":104},[14,6950,6951,6952,6956],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[189,6953,6954],{"href":5750},[18,6955,3897],{}," instead.",[402,6958,6960],{"id":6959},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[14,6962,6963,6964,315],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[18,6965,6966],{},"\"True\"",[34,6968,6970],{"className":36,"code":6969,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[18,6971,6972],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6973,6974,6976,6978,6980,6982,6984,6986,6988],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6975,50],{"class":49},[43,6977,54],{"class":53},[43,6979,5678],{"class":49},[43,6981,794],{"class":53},[43,6983,82],{"class":81},[43,6985,613],{"class":85},[43,6987,82],{"class":81},[43,6989,811],{"class":53},[14,6991,110],{},[34,6993,6994],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,6995,6996],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,6997,6998],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,6999,4301],{"class":104},[14,7001,7002,7003,7006],{},"That is because ",[18,7004,7005],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[402,7008,7010],{"id":7009},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[14,7012,7013],{},"This works:",[34,7015,7017],{"className":36,"code":7016,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[18,7018,7019,7039],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7020,7021,7023,7025,7027,7029,7031,7033,7035,7037],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7022,3937],{"class":207},[43,7024,212],{"class":211},[43,7026,3942],{"class":53},[43,7028,797],{"class":63},[43,7030,800],{"class":53},[43,7032,803],{"class":63},[43,7034,800],{"class":53},[43,7036,808],{"class":63},[43,7038,3955],{"class":53},[43,7040,7041,7043,7045,7047,7049,7051,7053,7055,7057,7059,7061,7063],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,7042,50],{"class":49},[43,7044,54],{"class":53},[43,7046,5678],{"class":49},[43,7048,794],{"class":53},[43,7050,3347],{"class":236},[43,7052,4575],{"class":211},[43,7054,803],{"class":63},[43,7056,4197],{"class":1927},[43,7058,4200],{"class":236},[43,7060,4203],{"class":1927},[43,7062,4586],{"class":236},[43,7064,811],{"class":53},[14,7066,7067],{},"But this is usually better:",[34,7069,7071],{"className":36,"code":7070,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[18,7072,7073,7093],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7074,7075,7077,7079,7081,7083,7085,7087,7089,7091],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7076,3937],{"class":207},[43,7078,212],{"class":211},[43,7080,3942],{"class":53},[43,7082,797],{"class":63},[43,7084,800],{"class":53},[43,7086,803],{"class":63},[43,7088,800],{"class":53},[43,7090,808],{"class":63},[43,7092,3955],{"class":53},[43,7094,7095,7097,7099,7101,7103,7105,7107,7109,7111,7113,7115,7117],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,7096,50],{"class":49},[43,7098,54],{"class":53},[43,7100,5678],{"class":49},[43,7102,54],{"class":53},[43,7104,3347],{"class":236},[43,7106,4575],{"class":211},[43,7108,803],{"class":63},[43,7110,4197],{"class":1927},[43,7112,4200],{"class":236},[43,7114,4203],{"class":1927},[43,7116,4586],{"class":236},[43,7118,67],{"class":53},[14,7120,7121],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[29,7123,2162],{"id":2161},[402,7125,7127],{"id":7126},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[14,7129,2206,7130,7132,7133,315],{},[18,7131,105],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[18,7134,613],{},[402,7136,7138],{"id":7137},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[14,7140,7141,2733,7143,7145],{},[18,7142,5508],{},[18,7144,613],{}," for an empty iterable.",[402,7147,7149],{"id":7148},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[14,7151,7152,7154,7155,7157],{},[18,7153,5508],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[18,7156,3897],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[402,7159,7161],{"id":7160},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[14,7163,7164],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[34,7166,7167],{"className":36,"code":6270,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,7168,7169],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7170,7171,7173,7175,7177,7179,7181,7183,7185],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7172,5678],{"class":49},[43,7174,54],{"class":53},[43,7176,6281],{"class":236},[43,7178,6284],{"class":1927},[43,7180,6287],{"class":236},[43,7182,4203],{"class":1927},[43,7184,6292],{"class":236},[43,7186,227],{"class":53},[14,7188,5797],{},[34,7190,7191],{"className":36,"code":7070,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,7192,7193,7213],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7194,7195,7197,7199,7201,7203,7205,7207,7209,7211],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7196,3937],{"class":207},[43,7198,212],{"class":211},[43,7200,3942],{"class":53},[43,7202,797],{"class":63},[43,7204,800],{"class":53},[43,7206,803],{"class":63},[43,7208,800],{"class":53},[43,7210,808],{"class":63},[43,7212,3955],{"class":53},[43,7214,7215,7217,7219,7221,7223,7225,7227,7229,7231,7233,7235,7237],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,7216,50],{"class":49},[43,7218,54],{"class":53},[43,7220,5678],{"class":49},[43,7222,54],{"class":53},[43,7224,3347],{"class":236},[43,7226,4575],{"class":211},[43,7228,803],{"class":63},[43,7230,4197],{"class":1927},[43,7232,4200],{"class":236},[43,7234,4203],{"class":1927},[43,7236,4586],{"class":236},[43,7238,67],{"class":53},[29,7240,2229],{"id":2228},[150,7242,7243,7249,7253,7257,7262],{},[153,7244,7245],{},[189,7246,7247,3827],{"href":5750},[18,7248,3897],{},[153,7250,7251],{},[189,7252,4128],{"href":6103},[153,7254,7255],{},[189,7256,5540],{"href":5912},[153,7258,7259],{},[189,7260,7261],{"href":6524},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[153,7263,7264],{},[189,7265,7266,3827],{"href":6106},[18,7267,4134],{},[2262,7269,7270],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":7272},[7273,7274,7275,7276,7277,7278,7279,7280,7286,7292],{"id":5700,"depth":70,"text":5701},{"id":5755,"depth":70,"text":5756},{"id":4050,"depth":70,"text":4051},{"id":6112,"depth":70,"text":6113},{"id":6255,"depth":70,"text":6256},{"id":6528,"depth":70,"text":6529},{"id":6638,"depth":70,"text":6639},{"id":4841,"depth":70,"text":4842,"children":7281},[7282,7283,7284,7285],{"id":6848,"depth":93,"text":6849},{"id":6901,"depth":93,"text":6902},{"id":6959,"depth":93,"text":6960},{"id":7009,"depth":93,"text":7010},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":7287},[7288,7289,7290,7291],{"id":7126,"depth":93,"text":7127},{"id":7137,"depth":93,"text":7138},{"id":7148,"depth":93,"text":7149},{"id":7160,"depth":93,"text":7161},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5603,"description":7293},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7299,"title":7300,"body":7301,"description":9420,"extension":2312,"meta":9421,"navigation":958,"path":9422,"seo":9423,"stem":9424,"__hash__":9425},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7302,"toc":9383},[7303,7306,7315,7325,7327,7424,7426,7455,7471,7475,7480,7483,7493,7499,7505,7520,7522,7530,7537,7541,7543,7558,7563,7581,7586,7588,7636,7638,7655,7659,7665,7668,7702,7704,7810,7812,7849,7853,7861,7863,7883,7885,8006,8008,8037,8040,8063,8065,8073,8081,8085,8091,8095,8138,8140,8148,8151,8179,8181,8189,8193,8222,8224,8232,8264,8266,8274,8278,8329,8331,8339,8347,8351,8354,8406,8408,8427,8434,8438,8444,8447,8455,8477,8479,8487,8495,8518,8520,8528,8533,8538,8549,8551,8589,8600,8604,8613,8616,8619,8678,8681,8733,8736,8742,8757,8763,8765,8770,8779,8782,8804,8806,8814,8819,8822,8857,8859,8867,8871,8876,8914,8925,8928,8981,8989,8993,8996,9018,9027,9030,9071,9073,9096,9102,9108,9123,9125,9145,9148,9167,9169,9188,9192,9198,9277,9280,9294,9299,9301,9305,9312,9316,9320,9324,9329,9333,9338,9342,9349,9351,9380],[10,7304,7300],{"id":7305},"python-bool-function-explained",[14,7307,1073,7308,7310,7311,2172,7313,315],{},[18,7309,4134],{}," function converts a value to either ",[18,7312,105],{},[18,7314,613],{},[14,7316,7317,7318,7320,7321,7324],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[18,7319,4134],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[18,7322,7323],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[29,7326,3927],{"id":3926},[34,7328,7330],{"className":36,"code":7329,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,7331,7332,7346,7360,7374,7392,7402],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7333,7334,7336,7338,7340,7342,7344],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7335,50],{"class":49},[43,7337,54],{"class":53},[43,7339,4188],{"class":57},[43,7341,54],{"class":53},[43,7343,2466],{"class":63},[43,7345,67],{"class":53},[43,7347,7348,7350,7352,7354,7356,7358],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,7349,50],{"class":49},[43,7351,54],{"class":53},[43,7353,4188],{"class":57},[43,7355,54],{"class":53},[43,7357,797],{"class":63},[43,7359,67],{"class":53},[43,7361,7362,7364,7366,7368,7370,7372],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,7363,50],{"class":49},[43,7365,54],{"class":53},[43,7367,4188],{"class":57},[43,7369,54],{"class":53},[43,7371,769],{"class":81},[43,7373,67],{"class":53},[43,7375,7376,7378,7380,7382,7384,7386,7388,7390],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,7377,50],{"class":49},[43,7379,54],{"class":53},[43,7381,4188],{"class":57},[43,7383,54],{"class":53},[43,7385,82],{"class":81},[43,7387,710],{"class":85},[43,7389,82],{"class":81},[43,7391,67],{"class":53},[43,7393,7394,7396,7398,7400],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,7395,50],{"class":49},[43,7397,54],{"class":53},[43,7399,4188],{"class":57},[43,7401,4751],{"class":53},[43,7403,7404,7406,7408,7410,7412,7414,7416,7418,7420,7422],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,7405,50],{"class":49},[43,7407,54],{"class":53},[43,7409,4188],{"class":57},[43,7411,794],{"class":53},[43,7413,797],{"class":63},[43,7415,800],{"class":53},[43,7417,803],{"class":63},[43,7419,800],{"class":53},[43,7421,808],{"class":63},[43,7423,811],{"class":53},[14,7425,5885],{},[34,7427,7429],{"className":36,"code":7428,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,7430,7431,7435,7439,7443,7447,7451],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7432,7433],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7434,4362],{"class":104},[43,7436,7437],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,7438,4301],{"class":104},[43,7440,7441],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,7442,4362],{"class":104},[43,7444,7445],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,7446,4301],{"class":104},[43,7448,7449],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,7450,4362],{"class":104},[43,7452,7453],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,7454,4301],{"class":104},[14,7456,133,7457,7460,7461,2172,7463,7465,7466,7468,7469,315],{},[18,7458,7459],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[18,7462,105],{},[18,7464,613],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[18,7467,613],{},". Most other values become ",[18,7470,105],{},[29,7472,7474],{"id":7473},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[14,7476,7477,7479],{},[18,7478,4134],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[14,7481,7482],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[150,7484,7485,7489],{},[153,7486,7487],{},[18,7488,105],{},[153,7490,7491],{},[18,7492,613],{},[14,7494,7495,7496,7498],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[18,7497,7323],{}," statements.",[14,7500,7501,7502,7504],{},"You can also call ",[18,7503,4134],{}," with no argument:",[34,7506,7508],{"className":36,"code":7507,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(bool())\n",[18,7509,7510],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7511,7512,7514,7516,7518],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7513,50],{"class":49},[43,7515,54],{"class":53},[43,7517,4188],{"class":57},[43,7519,341],{"class":53},[14,7521,110],{},[34,7523,7524],{"className":36,"code":4362,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,7525,7526],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7527,7528],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7529,4362],{"class":104},[14,7531,7532,7533,315],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[189,7534,7536],{"href":7535},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[29,7538,7540],{"id":7539},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[14,7542,293],{},[34,7544,7546],{"className":36,"code":7545,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"bool(value)\n",[18,7547,7548],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7549,7550,7552,7554,7556],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7551,4188],{"class":57},[43,7553,54],{"class":53},[43,7555,307],{"class":236},[43,7557,227],{"class":53},[14,7559,1073,7560,7562],{},[18,7561,307],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[150,7564,7565,7567,7569,7571,7573,7576,7578],{},[153,7566,3969],{},[153,7568,5633],{},[153,7570,5624],{},[153,7572,5627],{},[153,7574,7575],{},"dictionaries",[153,7577,5630],{},[153,7579,7580],{},"other objects",[14,7582,7583,7584,315],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[18,7585,613],{},[14,7587,197],{},[34,7589,7591],{"className":36,"code":7590,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[18,7592,7593,7607,7626],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7594,7595,7597,7599,7601,7603,7605],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7596,50],{"class":49},[43,7598,54],{"class":53},[43,7600,4188],{"class":57},[43,7602,54],{"class":53},[43,7604,512],{"class":63},[43,7606,67],{"class":53},[43,7608,7609,7611,7613,7615,7617,7619,7622,7624],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,7610,50],{"class":49},[43,7612,54],{"class":53},[43,7614,4188],{"class":57},[43,7616,54],{"class":53},[43,7618,82],{"class":81},[43,7620,7621],{"class":85},"Python",[43,7623,82],{"class":81},[43,7625,67],{"class":53},[43,7627,7628,7630,7632,7634],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,7629,50],{"class":49},[43,7631,54],{"class":53},[43,7633,4188],{"class":57},[43,7635,341],{"class":53},[14,7637,110],{},[34,7639,7641],{"className":36,"code":7640,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[18,7642,7643,7647,7651],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7644,7645],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7646,4301],{"class":104},[43,7648,7649],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,7650,4301],{"class":104},[43,7652,7653],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,7654,4362],{"class":104},[29,7656,7658],{"id":7657},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[14,7660,7661,7662,7664],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[913,7663,5922],{}," values.",[14,7666,7667],{},"Common examples:",[150,7669,7670,7674,7678,7682,7686,7690,7694,7698],{},[153,7671,7672],{},[18,7673,2466],{},[153,7675,7676],{},[18,7677,324],{},[153,7679,7680],{},[18,7681,769],{},[153,7683,7684],{},[18,7685,4108],{},[153,7687,7688],{},[18,7689,830],{},[153,7691,7692],{},[18,7693,4113],{},[153,7695,7696],{},[18,7697,4118],{},[153,7699,7700],{},[18,7701,4099],{},[14,7703,197],{},[34,7705,7707],{"className":36,"code":7706,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[18,7708,7709,7723,7737,7751,7761,7771,7782,7796],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7710,7711,7713,7715,7717,7719,7721],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7712,50],{"class":49},[43,7714,54],{"class":53},[43,7716,4188],{"class":57},[43,7718,54],{"class":53},[43,7720,2466],{"class":63},[43,7722,67],{"class":53},[43,7724,7725,7727,7729,7731,7733,7735],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,7726,50],{"class":49},[43,7728,54],{"class":53},[43,7730,4188],{"class":57},[43,7732,54],{"class":53},[43,7734,324],{"class":63},[43,7736,67],{"class":53},[43,7738,7739,7741,7743,7745,7747,7749],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,7740,50],{"class":49},[43,7742,54],{"class":53},[43,7744,4188],{"class":57},[43,7746,54],{"class":53},[43,7748,769],{"class":81},[43,7750,67],{"class":53},[43,7752,7753,7755,7757,7759],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,7754,50],{"class":49},[43,7756,54],{"class":53},[43,7758,4188],{"class":57},[43,7760,4751],{"class":53},[43,7762,7763,7765,7767,7769],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,7764,50],{"class":49},[43,7766,54],{"class":53},[43,7768,4188],{"class":57},[43,7770,4809],{"class":53},[43,7772,7773,7775,7777,7779],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,7774,50],{"class":49},[43,7776,54],{"class":53},[43,7778,4188],{"class":57},[43,7780,7781],{"class":53},"({}))\n",[43,7783,7784,7786,7788,7790,7792,7794],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,7785,50],{"class":49},[43,7787,54],{"class":53},[43,7789,4188],{"class":57},[43,7791,54],{"class":53},[43,7793,6613],{"class":57},[43,7795,6616],{"class":53},[43,7797,7798,7800,7802,7804,7806,7808],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,7799,50],{"class":49},[43,7801,54],{"class":53},[43,7803,4188],{"class":57},[43,7805,54],{"class":53},[43,7807,4099],{"class":104},[43,7809,67],{"class":53},[14,7811,110],{},[34,7813,7815],{"className":36,"code":7814,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[18,7816,7817,7821,7825,7829,7833,7837,7841,7845],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7818,7819],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7820,4362],{"class":104},[43,7822,7823],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,7824,4362],{"class":104},[43,7826,7827],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,7828,4362],{"class":104},[43,7830,7831],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,7832,4362],{"class":104},[43,7834,7835],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,7836,4362],{"class":104},[43,7838,7839],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,7840,4362],{"class":104},[43,7842,7843],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,7844,4362],{"class":104},[43,7846,7847],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,7848,4362],{"class":104},[29,7850,7852],{"id":7851},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[14,7854,7855,7856,7858,7859,7664],{},"Many values become ",[18,7857,105],{},". These are often called ",[913,7860,5919],{},[14,7862,7667],{},[150,7864,7865,7868,7871,7874,7877,7880],{},[153,7866,7867],{},"non-zero numbers",[153,7869,7870],{},"non-empty strings",[153,7872,7873],{},"non-empty lists",[153,7875,7876],{},"non-empty tuples",[153,7878,7879],{},"non-empty sets",[153,7881,7882],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[14,7884,197],{},[34,7886,7888],{"className":36,"code":7887,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[18,7889,7890,7904,7920,7938,7960,7978],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,7891,7892,7894,7896,7898,7900,7902],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,7893,50],{"class":49},[43,7895,54],{"class":53},[43,7897,4188],{"class":57},[43,7899,54],{"class":53},[43,7901,64],{"class":63},[43,7903,67],{"class":53},[43,7905,7906,7908,7910,7912,7914,7916,7918],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,7907,50],{"class":49},[43,7909,54],{"class":53},[43,7911,4188],{"class":57},[43,7913,54],{"class":53},[43,7915,444],{"class":211},[43,7917,447],{"class":63},[43,7919,67],{"class":53},[43,7921,7922,7924,7926,7928,7930,7932,7934,7936],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,7923,50],{"class":49},[43,7925,54],{"class":53},[43,7927,4188],{"class":57},[43,7929,54],{"class":53},[43,7931,82],{"class":81},[43,7933,710],{"class":85},[43,7935,82],{"class":81},[43,7937,67],{"class":53},[43,7939,7940,7942,7944,7946,7948,7950,7952,7954,7956,7958],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,7941,50],{"class":49},[43,7943,54],{"class":53},[43,7945,4188],{"class":57},[43,7947,794],{"class":53},[43,7949,797],{"class":63},[43,7951,800],{"class":53},[43,7953,803],{"class":63},[43,7955,800],{"class":53},[43,7957,808],{"class":63},[43,7959,811],{"class":53},[43,7961,7962,7964,7966,7968,7970,7972,7974,7976],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,7963,50],{"class":49},[43,7965,54],{"class":53},[43,7967,4188],{"class":57},[43,7969,5836],{"class":53},[43,7971,797],{"class":63},[43,7973,800],{"class":53},[43,7975,803],{"class":63},[43,7977,3239],{"class":53},[43,7979,7980,7982,7984,7986,7988,7990,7993,7995,7997,7999,8002,8004],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,7981,50],{"class":49},[43,7983,54],{"class":53},[43,7985,4188],{"class":57},[43,7987,5855],{"class":53},[43,7989,82],{"class":81},[43,7991,7992],{"class":85},"name",[43,7994,82],{"class":81},[43,7996,325],{"class":53},[43,7998,932],{"class":81},[43,8000,8001],{"class":85},"Sam",[43,8003,82],{"class":81},[43,8005,5864],{"class":53},[14,8007,110],{},[34,8009,8011],{"className":36,"code":8010,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,8012,8013,8017,8021,8025,8029,8033],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8014,8015],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8016,4301],{"class":104},[43,8018,8019],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,8020,4301],{"class":104},[43,8022,8023],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,8024,4301],{"class":104},[43,8026,8027],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,8028,4301],{"class":104},[43,8030,8031],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,8032,4301],{"class":104},[43,8034,8035],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,8036,4301],{"class":104},[14,8038,8039],{},"One important example is this:",[34,8041,8043],{"className":36,"code":8042,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[18,8044,8045],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8046,8047,8049,8051,8053,8055,8057,8059,8061],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8048,50],{"class":49},[43,8050,54],{"class":53},[43,8052,4188],{"class":57},[43,8054,54],{"class":53},[43,8056,82],{"class":81},[43,8058,613],{"class":85},[43,8060,82],{"class":81},[43,8062,67],{"class":53},[14,8064,110],{},[34,8066,8067],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,8068,8069],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8070,8071],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8072,4301],{"class":104},[14,8074,8075,8076,8078,8079,315],{},"Even though the text says ",[18,8077,7005],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[18,8080,105],{},[29,8082,8084],{"id":8083},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[14,8086,8087,8088,8090],{},"You can use ",[18,8089,4134],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[402,8092,8094],{"id":8093},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[34,8096,8098],{"className":36,"code":8097,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[18,8099,8100,8123],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8101,8102,8105,8107,8109,8111,8113,8116,8118,8121],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8103,8104],{"class":207},"items ",[43,8106,212],{"class":211},[43,8108,3942],{"class":53},[43,8110,512],{"class":63},[43,8112,800],{"class":53},[43,8114,8115],{"class":63}," 20",[43,8117,800],{"class":53},[43,8119,8120],{"class":63}," 30",[43,8122,3955],{"class":53},[43,8124,8125,8127,8129,8131,8133,8136],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,8126,50],{"class":49},[43,8128,54],{"class":53},[43,8130,4188],{"class":57},[43,8132,54],{"class":53},[43,8134,8135],{"class":236},"items",[43,8137,67],{"class":53},[14,8139,110],{},[34,8141,8142],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,8143,8144],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8145,8146],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8147,4301],{"class":104},[14,8149,8150],{},"With an empty list:",[34,8152,8154],{"className":36,"code":8153,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[18,8155,8156,8165],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8157,8158,8160,8162],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8159,8104],{"class":207},[43,8161,212],{"class":211},[43,8163,8164],{"class":53}," []\n",[43,8166,8167,8169,8171,8173,8175,8177],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,8168,50],{"class":49},[43,8170,54],{"class":53},[43,8172,4188],{"class":57},[43,8174,54],{"class":53},[43,8176,8135],{"class":236},[43,8178,67],{"class":53},[14,8180,110],{},[34,8182,8183],{"className":36,"code":4362,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,8184,8185],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8186,8187],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8188,4362],{"class":104},[402,8190,8192],{"id":8191},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[34,8194,8196],{"className":36,"code":8195,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[18,8197,8198,8208],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8199,8200,8203,8205],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8201,8202],{"class":207},"name ",[43,8204,212],{"class":211},[43,8206,8207],{"class":81}," \"\"\n",[43,8209,8210,8212,8214,8216,8218,8220],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,8211,50],{"class":49},[43,8213,54],{"class":53},[43,8215,4188],{"class":57},[43,8217,54],{"class":53},[43,8219,7992],{"class":236},[43,8221,67],{"class":53},[14,8223,110],{},[34,8225,8226],{"className":36,"code":4362,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,8227,8228],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8229,8230],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8231,4362],{"class":104},[34,8233,8235],{"className":36,"code":8234,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[18,8236,8237,8250],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8238,8239,8241,8243,8245,8248],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8240,8202],{"class":207},[43,8242,212],{"class":211},[43,8244,932],{"class":81},[43,8246,8247],{"class":85},"Mia",[43,8249,938],{"class":81},[43,8251,8252,8254,8256,8258,8260,8262],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,8253,50],{"class":49},[43,8255,54],{"class":53},[43,8257,4188],{"class":57},[43,8259,54],{"class":53},[43,8261,7992],{"class":236},[43,8263,67],{"class":53},[14,8265,110],{},[34,8267,8268],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,8269,8270],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8271,8272],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8273,4301],{"class":104},[402,8275,8277],{"id":8276},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[34,8279,8281],{"className":36,"code":8280,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[18,8282,8283,8297,8314,8318],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8284,8285,8288,8290,8292,8295],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8286,8287],{"class":207},"username ",[43,8289,212],{"class":211},[43,8291,932],{"class":81},[43,8293,8294],{"class":85},"alex",[43,8296,938],{"class":81},[43,8298,8299,8302,8304,8307,8309,8312],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,8300,8301],{"class":207},"has_name ",[43,8303,212],{"class":211},[43,8305,8306],{"class":57}," bool",[43,8308,54],{"class":53},[43,8310,8311],{"class":236},"username",[43,8313,227],{"class":53},[43,8315,8316],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,8317,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,8319,8320,8322,8324,8327],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,8321,50],{"class":49},[43,8323,54],{"class":53},[43,8325,8326],{"class":236},"has_name",[43,8328,227],{"class":53},[14,8330,110],{},[34,8332,8333],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,8334,8335],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8336,8337],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8338,4301],{"class":104},[14,8340,8341,8342,2172,8344,8346],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[18,8343,105],{},[18,8345,613],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[402,8348,8350],{"id":8349},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[14,8352,8353],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[34,8355,8357],{"className":36,"code":8356,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[18,8358,8359,8379,8383,8391],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8360,8361,8363,8365,8367,8369,8371,8373,8375,8377],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8362,3937],{"class":207},[43,8364,212],{"class":211},[43,8366,3942],{"class":53},[43,8368,797],{"class":63},[43,8370,800],{"class":53},[43,8372,803],{"class":63},[43,8374,800],{"class":53},[43,8376,808],{"class":63},[43,8378,3955],{"class":53},[43,8380,8381],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,8382,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,8384,8385,8387,8389],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,8386,7323],{"class":1927},[43,8388,4586],{"class":207},[43,8390,1931],{"class":53},[43,8392,8393,8395,8397,8399,8402,8404],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,8394,1951],{"class":49},[43,8396,54],{"class":53},[43,8398,82],{"class":81},[43,8400,8401],{"class":85},"The list is not empty",[43,8403,82],{"class":81},[43,8405,227],{"class":53},[14,8407,110],{},[34,8409,8411],{"className":36,"code":8410,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"The list is not empty\n",[18,8412,8413],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8414,8415,8417,8419,8422,8424],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8416,1073],{"class":207},[43,8418,849],{"class":57},[43,8420,8421],{"class":211}," is",[43,8423,844],{"class":211},[43,8425,8426],{"class":207}," empty\n",[14,8428,8429,8430,315],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[189,8431,8433],{"href":8432},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[29,8435,8437],{"id":8436},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[14,8439,8440,8441,8443],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[18,8442,4134],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[14,8445,8446],{},"It does not do that.",[402,8448,8450,2733,8453],{"id":8449},"boolfalse-returns-true",[18,8451,8452],{},"bool(\"False\")",[18,8454,105],{},[34,8456,8457],{"className":36,"code":8042,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,8458,8459],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8460,8461,8463,8465,8467,8469,8471,8473,8475],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8462,50],{"class":49},[43,8464,54],{"class":53},[43,8466,4188],{"class":57},[43,8468,54],{"class":53},[43,8470,82],{"class":81},[43,8472,613],{"class":85},[43,8474,82],{"class":81},[43,8476,67],{"class":53},[14,8478,110],{},[34,8480,8481],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,8482,8483],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8484,8485],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8486,4301],{"class":104},[402,8488,8490,2733,8493],{"id":8489},"bool0-returns-true",[18,8491,8492],{},"bool(\"0\")",[18,8494,105],{},[34,8496,8498],{"className":36,"code":8497,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[18,8499,8500],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8501,8502,8504,8506,8508,8510,8512,8514,8516],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8503,50],{"class":49},[43,8505,54],{"class":53},[43,8507,4188],{"class":57},[43,8509,54],{"class":53},[43,8511,82],{"class":81},[43,8513,2466],{"class":85},[43,8515,82],{"class":81},[43,8517,67],{"class":53},[14,8519,110],{},[34,8521,8522],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,8523,8524],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8525,8526],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8527,4301],{"class":104},[14,8529,8530,8531,315],{},"This happens because both values are ",[913,8532,7870],{},[14,8534,8535,8537],{},[18,8536,4134],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[14,8539,8540,8541,8545,8546,8548],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[189,8542,8543],{"href":191},[18,8544,194],{},", because ",[18,8547,194],{}," always returns a string.",[14,8550,197],{},[34,8552,8554],{"className":36,"code":8553,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[18,8555,8556,8575],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8557,8558,8560,8562,8564,8566,8568,8571,8573],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8559,1091],{"class":207},[43,8561,212],{"class":211},[43,8563,1096],{"class":49},[43,8565,54],{"class":53},[43,8567,82],{"class":81},[43,8569,8570],{"class":85},"Enter True or False: ",[43,8572,82],{"class":81},[43,8574,227],{"class":53},[43,8576,8577,8579,8581,8583,8585,8587],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,8578,50],{"class":49},[43,8580,54],{"class":53},[43,8582,4188],{"class":57},[43,8584,54],{"class":53},[43,8586,1120],{"class":236},[43,8588,67],{"class":53},[14,8590,8591,8592,8594,8595,8545,8597,8599],{},"If the user types ",[18,8593,613],{},", the result will still be ",[18,8596,105],{},[18,8598,7005],{}," is not empty.",[29,8601,8603],{"id":8602},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[14,8605,8606,8607,8609,8610,8612],{},"In many ",[18,8608,7323],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[18,8611,4134],{}," yourself.",[14,8614,8615],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[14,8617,8618],{},"Instead of this:",[34,8620,8622],{"className":36,"code":8621,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[18,8623,8624,8645,8649,8663],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8625,8626,8629,8631,8633,8635,8637,8639,8641,8643],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8627,8628],{"class":207},"my_list ",[43,8630,212],{"class":211},[43,8632,3942],{"class":53},[43,8634,797],{"class":63},[43,8636,800],{"class":53},[43,8638,803],{"class":63},[43,8640,800],{"class":53},[43,8642,808],{"class":63},[43,8644,3955],{"class":53},[43,8646,8647],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,8648,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,8650,8651,8653,8655,8657,8660],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,8652,7323],{"class":1927},[43,8654,8306],{"class":57},[43,8656,54],{"class":53},[43,8658,8659],{"class":236},"my_list",[43,8661,8662],{"class":53},"):\n",[43,8664,8665,8667,8669,8671,8674,8676],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,8666,1951],{"class":49},[43,8668,54],{"class":53},[43,8670,82],{"class":81},[43,8672,8673],{"class":85},"List has items",[43,8675,82],{"class":81},[43,8677,227],{"class":53},[14,8679,8680],{},"You can simply write:",[34,8682,8684],{"className":36,"code":8683,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[18,8685,8686,8706,8710,8719],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8687,8688,8690,8692,8694,8696,8698,8700,8702,8704],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8689,8628],{"class":207},[43,8691,212],{"class":211},[43,8693,3942],{"class":53},[43,8695,797],{"class":63},[43,8697,800],{"class":53},[43,8699,803],{"class":63},[43,8701,800],{"class":53},[43,8703,808],{"class":63},[43,8705,3955],{"class":53},[43,8707,8708],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,8709,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,8711,8712,8714,8717],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,8713,7323],{"class":1927},[43,8715,8716],{"class":207}," my_list",[43,8718,1931],{"class":53},[43,8720,8721,8723,8725,8727,8729,8731],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,8722,1951],{"class":49},[43,8724,54],{"class":53},[43,8726,82],{"class":81},[43,8728,8673],{"class":85},[43,8730,82],{"class":81},[43,8732,227],{"class":53},[14,8734,8735],{},"Both examples work.",[14,8737,8738,8739,8741],{},"Using ",[18,8740,4134],{}," is still helpful when:",[150,8743,8744,8747,8754],{},[153,8745,8746],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[153,8748,8749,8750,2172,8752,1720],{},"you want to store a real ",[18,8751,105],{},[18,8753,613],{},[153,8755,8756],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[14,8758,8759,8760,315],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[189,8761,8762],{"href":2639},"Python type() function explained",[29,8764,3160],{"id":3159},[14,8766,8767,8768,315],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[18,8769,4134],{},[402,8771,8773,8774,8776,8777],{"id":8772},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[18,8775,8452],{}," to return ",[18,8778,613],{},[14,8780,8781],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[34,8783,8784],{"className":36,"code":8042,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,8785,8786],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8787,8788,8790,8792,8794,8796,8798,8800,8802],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8789,50],{"class":49},[43,8791,54],{"class":53},[43,8793,4188],{"class":57},[43,8795,54],{"class":53},[43,8797,82],{"class":81},[43,8799,613],{"class":85},[43,8801,82],{"class":81},[43,8803,67],{"class":53},[14,8805,110],{},[34,8807,8808],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,8809,8810],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8811,8812],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8813,4301],{"class":104},[14,8815,8816,8817,7006],{},"Why? Because ",[18,8818,7005],{},[14,8820,8821],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[34,8823,8825],{"className":36,"code":8824,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[18,8826,8827,8839],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8828,8829,8831,8833,8835,8837],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8830,1589],{"class":207},[43,8832,212],{"class":211},[43,8834,932],{"class":81},[43,8836,613],{"class":85},[43,8838,938],{"class":81},[43,8840,8841,8843,8845,8847,8849,8851,8853,8855],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,8842,50],{"class":49},[43,8844,54],{"class":53},[43,8846,1589],{"class":236},[43,8848,5012],{"class":211},[43,8850,932],{"class":81},[43,8852,105],{"class":85},[43,8854,82],{"class":81},[43,8856,227],{"class":53},[14,8858,110],{},[34,8860,8861],{"className":36,"code":4362,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,8862,8863],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8864,8865],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8866,4362],{"class":104},[402,8868,8870],{"id":8869},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[14,8872,8873,8875],{},[18,8874,194],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[34,8877,8879],{"className":36,"code":8878,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[18,8880,8881,8900],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8882,8883,8885,8887,8889,8891,8893,8896,8898],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8884,1589],{"class":207},[43,8886,212],{"class":211},[43,8888,1096],{"class":49},[43,8890,54],{"class":53},[43,8892,82],{"class":81},[43,8894,8895],{"class":85},"Enter yes or no: ",[43,8897,82],{"class":81},[43,8899,227],{"class":53},[43,8901,8902,8904,8906,8908,8910,8912],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,8903,50],{"class":49},[43,8905,54],{"class":53},[43,8907,4188],{"class":57},[43,8909,54],{"class":53},[43,8911,307],{"class":236},[43,8913,67],{"class":53},[14,8915,8591,8916,8919,8920,2125,8922,8599],{},[18,8917,8918],{},"no",", the result is still ",[18,8921,105],{},[18,8923,8924],{},"\"no\"",[14,8926,8927],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[34,8929,8931],{"className":36,"code":8930,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[18,8932,8933,8962],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,8934,8935,8937,8939,8941,8943,8945,8947,8949,8952,8954,8957,8960],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,8936,1589],{"class":207},[43,8938,212],{"class":211},[43,8940,1096],{"class":49},[43,8942,54],{"class":53},[43,8944,82],{"class":81},[43,8946,8895],{"class":85},[43,8948,82],{"class":81},[43,8950,8951],{"class":53},").",[43,8953,1725],{"class":236},[43,8955,8956],{"class":53},"().",[43,8958,8959],{"class":236},"lower",[43,8961,1728],{"class":53},[43,8963,8964,8966,8968,8970,8972,8974,8977,8979],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,8965,50],{"class":49},[43,8967,54],{"class":53},[43,8969,1589],{"class":236},[43,8971,5012],{"class":211},[43,8973,932],{"class":81},[43,8975,8976],{"class":85},"yes",[43,8978,82],{"class":81},[43,8980,227],{"class":53},[14,8982,8983,8984,8986,8987,315],{},"This gives ",[18,8985,105],{}," only when the user enters ",[18,8988,8976],{},[402,8990,8992],{"id":8991},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[14,8994,8995],{},"These are different:",[150,8997,8998,9002,9006,9010,9014],{},[153,8999,9000],{},[18,9001,613],{},[153,9003,9004],{},[18,9005,2466],{},[153,9007,9008],{},[18,9009,769],{},[153,9011,9012],{},[18,9013,4108],{},[153,9015,9016],{},[18,9017,4099],{},[14,9019,9020,9021,9023,9024,9026],{},"They all become ",[18,9022,613],{}," with ",[18,9025,4134],{},", but they are not the same value.",[14,9028,9029],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[34,9031,9033],{"className":36,"code":9032,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[18,9034,9035,9043,9057],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9036,9037,9039,9041],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9038,1589],{"class":207},[43,9040,212],{"class":211},[43,9042,8164],{"class":53},[43,9044,9045,9047,9049,9051,9053,9055],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,9046,50],{"class":49},[43,9048,54],{"class":53},[43,9050,248],{"class":57},[43,9052,54],{"class":53},[43,9054,307],{"class":236},[43,9056,67],{"class":53},[43,9058,9059,9061,9063,9065,9067,9069],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,9060,50],{"class":49},[43,9062,54],{"class":53},[43,9064,4188],{"class":57},[43,9066,54],{"class":53},[43,9068,307],{"class":236},[43,9070,67],{"class":53},[14,9072,110],{},[34,9074,9076],{"className":36,"code":9075,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[18,9077,9078,9092],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9079,9080,9082,9084,9086,9088,9090],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9081,271],{"class":211},[43,9083,275],{"class":274},[43,9085,278],{"class":81},[43,9087,849],{"class":85},[43,9089,283],{"class":81},[43,9091,286],{"class":211},[43,9093,9094],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,9095,4362],{"class":104},[402,9097,8738,9099,9101],{"id":9098},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[18,9100,4113],{}," expecting an empty set",[14,9103,9104,9105,9107],{},"In Python, ",[18,9106,4113],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[34,9109,9111],{"className":36,"code":9110,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type({}))\n",[18,9112,9113],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9114,9115,9117,9119,9121],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9116,50],{"class":49},[43,9118,54],{"class":53},[43,9120,248],{"class":57},[43,9122,7781],{"class":53},[14,9124,110],{},[34,9126,9128],{"className":36,"code":9127,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,9129,9130],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9131,9132,9134,9136,9138,9141,9143],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9133,271],{"class":211},[43,9135,275],{"class":274},[43,9137,278],{"class":81},[43,9139,9140],{"class":85},"dict",[43,9142,283],{"class":81},[43,9144,286],{"class":211},[14,9146,9147],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[34,9149,9151],{"className":36,"code":9150,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(set()))\n",[18,9152,9153],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9154,9155,9157,9159,9161,9163,9165],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9156,50],{"class":49},[43,9158,54],{"class":53},[43,9160,248],{"class":57},[43,9162,54],{"class":53},[43,9164,6613],{"class":57},[43,9166,6616],{"class":53},[14,9168,110],{},[34,9170,9172],{"className":36,"code":9171,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,9173,9174],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9175,9176,9178,9180,9182,9184,9186],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9177,271],{"class":211},[43,9179,275],{"class":274},[43,9181,278],{"class":81},[43,9183,6613],{"class":85},[43,9185,283],{"class":81},[43,9187,286],{"class":211},[29,9189,9191],{"id":9190},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[14,9193,9194,9195,9197],{},"If ",[18,9196,4134],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[34,9199,9201],{"className":36,"code":9200,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[18,9202,9203,9217,9231,9241,9259],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9204,9205,9207,9209,9211,9213,9215],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9206,50],{"class":49},[43,9208,54],{"class":53},[43,9210,4188],{"class":57},[43,9212,54],{"class":53},[43,9214,307],{"class":236},[43,9216,67],{"class":53},[43,9218,9219,9221,9223,9225,9227,9229],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,9220,50],{"class":49},[43,9222,54],{"class":53},[43,9224,248],{"class":57},[43,9226,54],{"class":53},[43,9228,307],{"class":236},[43,9230,67],{"class":53},[43,9232,9233,9235,9237,9239],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,9234,50],{"class":49},[43,9236,54],{"class":53},[43,9238,307],{"class":236},[43,9240,227],{"class":53},[43,9242,9243,9245,9247,9249,9251,9253,9255,9257],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,9244,50],{"class":49},[43,9246,54],{"class":53},[43,9248,1589],{"class":236},[43,9250,5012],{"class":211},[43,9252,932],{"class":81},[43,9254,105],{"class":85},[43,9256,82],{"class":81},[43,9258,227],{"class":53},[43,9260,9261,9263,9265,9267,9269,9271,9273,9275],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,9262,50],{"class":49},[43,9264,54],{"class":53},[43,9266,307],{"class":236},[43,9268,315],{"class":53},[43,9270,1725],{"class":236},[43,9272,8956],{"class":53},[43,9274,8959],{"class":236},[43,9276,341],{"class":53},[14,9278,9279],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[150,9281,9282,9285,9288,9291],{},[153,9283,9284],{},"what the value really is",[153,9286,9287],{},"whether it is a string",[153,9289,9290],{},"whether it contains spaces",[153,9292,9293],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[14,9295,9296,9297,315],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[189,9298,1164],{"href":1163},[29,9300,2162],{"id":2161},[402,9302,9304],{"id":9303},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[14,9306,9307,9308,2172,9310,315],{},"It returns either ",[18,9309,105],{},[18,9311,613],{},[402,9313,9315],{"id":9314},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[14,9317,2206,9318,315],{},[18,9319,613],{},[402,9321,9323],{"id":9322},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[14,9325,9326,9327,315],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[18,9328,105],{},[402,9330,9332],{"id":9331},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[14,9334,9335,9336,315],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[18,9337,613],{},[402,9339,9341],{"id":9340},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[14,9343,9344,9345,2172,9347,4059],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[18,9346,105],{},[18,9348,613],{},[29,9350,2229],{"id":2228},[150,9352,9353,9358,9362,9367,9371,9375],{},[153,9354,9355],{},[189,9356,9357],{"href":6103},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[153,9359,9360],{},[189,9361,8433],{"href":8432},[153,9363,9364],{},[189,9365,9366],{"href":191},"Python input() function explained",[153,9368,9369],{},[189,9370,8762],{"href":2639},[153,9372,9373],{},[189,9374,2251],{"href":1163},[153,9376,9377],{},[189,9378,9379],{"href":7535},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2262,9381,9382],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":9384},[9385,9386,9387,9388,9389,9390,9396,9402,9403,9411,9412,9419],{"id":3926,"depth":70,"text":3927},{"id":7473,"depth":70,"text":7474},{"id":7539,"depth":70,"text":7540},{"id":7657,"depth":70,"text":7658},{"id":7851,"depth":70,"text":7852},{"id":8083,"depth":70,"text":8084,"children":9391},[9392,9393,9394,9395],{"id":8093,"depth":93,"text":8094},{"id":8191,"depth":93,"text":8192},{"id":8276,"depth":93,"text":8277},{"id":8349,"depth":93,"text":8350},{"id":8436,"depth":70,"text":8437,"children":9397},[9398,9400],{"id":8449,"depth":93,"text":9399},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8489,"depth":93,"text":9401},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8602,"depth":70,"text":8603},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160,"children":9404},[9405,9407,9408,9409],{"id":8772,"depth":93,"text":9406},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8869,"depth":93,"text":8870},{"id":8991,"depth":93,"text":8992},{"id":9098,"depth":93,"text":9410},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9190,"depth":70,"text":9191},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":9413},[9414,9415,9416,9417,9418],{"id":9303,"depth":93,"text":9304},{"id":9314,"depth":93,"text":9315},{"id":9322,"depth":93,"text":9323},{"id":9331,"depth":93,"text":9332},{"id":9340,"depth":93,"text":9341},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7300,"description":9420},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9427,"title":9428,"body":9429,"description":11620,"extension":2312,"meta":11621,"navigation":958,"path":11622,"seo":11623,"stem":11624,"__hash__":11625},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9430,"toc":11582},[9431,9437,9442,9449,9454,9465,9472,9581,9585,9653,9658,9663,9668,9671,9682,9687,9690,9701,9708,9710,9715,9719,9744,9748,9757,9761,9824,9828,9861,9865,9910,9914,9951,9955,9958,10014,10018,10064,10067,10072,10111,10115,10138,10141,10155,10168,10172,10177,10244,10248,10284,10287,10295,10298,10362,10366,10398,10404,10406,10466,10473,10476,10554,10558,10591,10595,10598,10642,10646,10682,10685,10702,10705,10708,10761,10764,10775,10782,10791,10794,10851,10855,10896,10904,10911,10917,10925,10937,10942,10953,11026,11028,11040,11056,11060,11065,11069,11071,11114,11120,11123,11186,11190,11193,11202,11207,11244,11248,11251,11259,11262,11301,11305,11308,11359,11363,11384,11391,11393,11399,11426,11429,11484,11487,11498,11500,11507,11515,11521,11526,11533,11536,11543,11550,11552,11579],[10,9432,3894,9434,3898],{"id":9433},"python-dict-function-explained",[18,9435,9436],{},"dict()",[14,9438,16,9439,9441],{},[18,9440,9436],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[14,9443,9444,9445,9448],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[913,9446,9447],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[14,9450,9451,9453],{},[18,9452,9436],{}," is commonly used to:",[150,9455,9456,9459,9462],{},[153,9457,9458],{},"create an empty dictionary",[153,9460,9461],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[153,9463,9464],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9466,9467,9468,315],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[189,9469,9471],{"href":9470},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[34,9473,9475],{"className":36,"code":9474,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[18,9476,9477,9512,9523,9527,9566],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9478,9479,9482,9484,9487,9489,9492,9494,9496,9498,9500,9502,9505,9507,9510],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9480,9481],{"class":207},"data ",[43,9483,212],{"class":211},[43,9485,9486],{"class":57}," dict",[43,9488,54],{"class":53},[43,9490,7992],{"class":9491},"s99_P",[43,9493,212],{"class":211},[43,9495,283],{"class":81},[43,9497,5327],{"class":85},[43,9499,283],{"class":81},[43,9501,800],{"class":53},[43,9503,9504],{"class":9491}," age",[43,9506,212],{"class":211},[43,9508,9509],{"class":63},"25",[43,9511,227],{"class":53},[43,9513,9514,9516,9518,9521],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,9515,50],{"class":49},[43,9517,54],{"class":53},[43,9519,9520],{"class":236},"data",[43,9522,227],{"class":53},[43,9524,9525],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,9526,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,9528,9529,9532,9534,9537,9539,9541,9543,9545,9547,9550,9553,9555,9557,9559,9561,9563],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,9530,9531],{"class":207},"pairs ",[43,9533,212],{"class":211},[43,9535,9536],{"class":53}," [(",[43,9538,283],{"class":81},[43,9540,189],{"class":85},[43,9542,283],{"class":81},[43,9544,800],{"class":53},[43,9546,5823],{"class":63},[43,9548,9549],{"class":53},"),",[43,9551,9552],{"class":53}," (",[43,9554,283],{"class":81},[43,9556,1231],{"class":85},[43,9558,283],{"class":81},[43,9560,800],{"class":53},[43,9562,803],{"class":63},[43,9564,9565],{"class":53},")]\n",[43,9567,9568,9570,9572,9574,9576,9579],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,9569,50],{"class":49},[43,9571,54],{"class":53},[43,9573,9140],{"class":57},[43,9575,54],{"class":53},[43,9577,9578],{"class":236},"pairs",[43,9580,67],{"class":53},[14,9582,9583],{},[913,9584,110],{},[34,9586,9588],{"className":36,"code":9587,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,9589,9590,9625],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9591,9592,9595,9597,9599,9601,9603,9605,9607,9609,9611,9613,9616,9618,9620,9623],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9593,9594],{"class":53},"{",[43,9596,283],{"class":81},[43,9598,7992],{"class":85},[43,9600,283],{"class":81},[43,9602,325],{"class":53},[43,9604,278],{"class":81},[43,9606,5327],{"class":85},[43,9608,283],{"class":81},[43,9610,800],{"class":53},[43,9612,278],{"class":81},[43,9614,9615],{"class":85},"age",[43,9617,283],{"class":81},[43,9619,325],{"class":53},[43,9621,9622],{"class":63}," 25",[43,9624,1667],{"class":53},[43,9626,9627,9629,9631,9633,9635,9637,9639,9641,9643,9645,9647,9649,9651],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,9628,9594],{"class":53},[43,9630,283],{"class":81},[43,9632,189],{"class":85},[43,9634,283],{"class":81},[43,9636,325],{"class":53},[43,9638,5823],{"class":63},[43,9640,800],{"class":53},[43,9642,278],{"class":81},[43,9644,1231],{"class":85},[43,9646,283],{"class":81},[43,9648,325],{"class":53},[43,9650,803],{"class":63},[43,9652,1667],{"class":53},[14,9654,133,9655,9657],{},[18,9656,9436],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[29,9659,3998,9661,4001],{"id":9660},"what-dict-does",[18,9662,9436],{},[14,9664,9665,9667],{},[18,9666,9436],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[14,9669,9670],{},"A dictionary:",[150,9672,9673,9676,9679],{},[153,9674,9675],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[153,9677,9678],{},"lets you look up values by key",[153,9680,9681],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[14,9683,9684,9686],{},[18,9685,9436],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[14,9688,9689],{},"Common uses include:",[150,9691,9692,9695,9698],{},[153,9693,9694],{},"making an empty dictionary",[153,9696,9697],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[153,9699,9700],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9702,9703,9704,315],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[189,9705,9707],{"href":9706},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[29,9709,290],{"id":289},[14,9711,9712,9714],{},[18,9713,9436],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[402,9716,9718],{"id":9717},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[34,9720,9722],{"className":36,"code":9721,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[18,9723,9724,9734],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9725,9726,9728,9730,9732],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9727,9481],{"class":207},[43,9729,212],{"class":211},[43,9731,9486],{"class":57},[43,9733,1728],{"class":53},[43,9735,9736,9738,9740,9742],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,9737,50],{"class":49},[43,9739,54],{"class":53},[43,9741,9520],{"class":236},[43,9743,227],{"class":53},[14,9745,9746],{},[913,9747,110],{},[34,9749,9751],{"className":36,"code":9750,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{}\n",[18,9752,9753],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9754,9755],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9756,9750],{"class":53},[402,9758,9760],{"id":9759},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[34,9762,9764],{"className":36,"code":9763,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9765,9766,9800,9814],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9767,9768,9770,9772,9774,9776,9778,9780,9782,9784,9786,9788,9790,9792,9794,9796,9798],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9769,9531],{"class":207},[43,9771,212],{"class":211},[43,9773,9536],{"class":53},[43,9775,283],{"class":81},[43,9777,189],{"class":85},[43,9779,283],{"class":81},[43,9781,800],{"class":53},[43,9783,5823],{"class":63},[43,9785,9549],{"class":53},[43,9787,9552],{"class":53},[43,9789,283],{"class":81},[43,9791,1231],{"class":85},[43,9793,283],{"class":81},[43,9795,800],{"class":53},[43,9797,803],{"class":63},[43,9799,9565],{"class":53},[43,9801,9802,9804,9806,9808,9810,9812],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,9803,9481],{"class":207},[43,9805,212],{"class":211},[43,9807,9486],{"class":57},[43,9809,54],{"class":53},[43,9811,9578],{"class":236},[43,9813,227],{"class":53},[43,9815,9816,9818,9820,9822],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,9817,50],{"class":49},[43,9819,54],{"class":53},[43,9821,9520],{"class":236},[43,9823,227],{"class":53},[14,9825,9826],{},[913,9827,110],{},[34,9829,9831],{"className":36,"code":9830,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,9832,9833],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9834,9835,9837,9839,9841,9843,9845,9847,9849,9851,9853,9855,9857,9859],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9836,9594],{"class":53},[43,9838,283],{"class":81},[43,9840,189],{"class":85},[43,9842,283],{"class":81},[43,9844,325],{"class":53},[43,9846,5823],{"class":63},[43,9848,800],{"class":53},[43,9850,278],{"class":81},[43,9852,1231],{"class":85},[43,9854,283],{"class":81},[43,9856,325],{"class":53},[43,9858,803],{"class":63},[43,9860,1667],{"class":53},[402,9862,9864],{"id":9863},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[34,9866,9868],{"className":36,"code":9867,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9869,9870,9900],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9871,9872,9874,9876,9878,9880,9882,9884,9886,9888,9890,9892,9894,9896,9898],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9873,9481],{"class":207},[43,9875,212],{"class":211},[43,9877,9486],{"class":57},[43,9879,54],{"class":53},[43,9881,7992],{"class":9491},[43,9883,212],{"class":211},[43,9885,283],{"class":81},[43,9887,5327],{"class":85},[43,9889,283],{"class":81},[43,9891,800],{"class":53},[43,9893,9504],{"class":9491},[43,9895,212],{"class":211},[43,9897,9509],{"class":63},[43,9899,227],{"class":53},[43,9901,9902,9904,9906,9908],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,9903,50],{"class":49},[43,9905,54],{"class":53},[43,9907,9520],{"class":236},[43,9909,227],{"class":53},[14,9911,9912],{},[913,9913,110],{},[34,9915,9917],{"className":36,"code":9916,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[18,9918,9919],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9920,9921,9923,9925,9927,9929,9931,9933,9935,9937,9939,9941,9943,9945,9947,9949],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9922,9594],{"class":53},[43,9924,283],{"class":81},[43,9926,7992],{"class":85},[43,9928,283],{"class":81},[43,9930,325],{"class":53},[43,9932,278],{"class":81},[43,9934,5327],{"class":85},[43,9936,283],{"class":81},[43,9938,800],{"class":53},[43,9940,278],{"class":81},[43,9942,9615],{"class":85},[43,9944,283],{"class":81},[43,9946,325],{"class":53},[43,9948,9622],{"class":63},[43,9950,1667],{"class":53},[402,9952,9954],{"id":9953},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[14,9956,9957],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[34,9959,9961],{"className":36,"code":9960,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9962,9963,10004],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,9964,9965,9967,9969,9971,9974,9976,9978,9980,9982,9984,9987,9989,9991,9993,9995,9998,10000,10002],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,9966,9481],{"class":207},[43,9968,212],{"class":211},[43,9970,9486],{"class":57},[43,9972,9973],{"class":53},"([(",[43,9975,283],{"class":81},[43,9977,189],{"class":85},[43,9979,283],{"class":81},[43,9981,800],{"class":53},[43,9983,5823],{"class":63},[43,9985,9986],{"class":53},")],",[43,9988,2889],{"class":9491},[43,9990,212],{"class":211},[43,9992,447],{"class":63},[43,9994,800],{"class":53},[43,9996,9997],{"class":9491}," c",[43,9999,212],{"class":211},[43,10001,2409],{"class":63},[43,10003,227],{"class":53},[43,10005,10006,10008,10010,10012],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,10007,50],{"class":49},[43,10009,54],{"class":53},[43,10011,9520],{"class":236},[43,10013,227],{"class":53},[14,10015,10016],{},[913,10017,110],{},[34,10019,10021],{"className":36,"code":10020,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[18,10022,10023],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10024,10025,10027,10029,10031,10033,10035,10037,10039,10041,10043,10045,10047,10049,10051,10053,10056,10058,10060,10062],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10026,9594],{"class":53},[43,10028,283],{"class":81},[43,10030,189],{"class":85},[43,10032,283],{"class":81},[43,10034,325],{"class":53},[43,10036,5823],{"class":63},[43,10038,800],{"class":53},[43,10040,278],{"class":81},[43,10042,1231],{"class":85},[43,10044,283],{"class":81},[43,10046,325],{"class":53},[43,10048,803],{"class":63},[43,10050,800],{"class":53},[43,10052,278],{"class":81},[43,10054,10055],{"class":85},"c",[43,10057,283],{"class":81},[43,10059,325],{"class":53},[43,10061,808],{"class":63},[43,10063,1667],{"class":53},[29,10065,9718],{"id":10066},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[14,10068,133,10069,10071],{},[18,10070,9436],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[34,10073,10075],{"className":36,"code":10074,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[18,10076,10077,10087,10101],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10078,10079,10081,10083,10085],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10080,9481],{"class":207},[43,10082,212],{"class":211},[43,10084,9486],{"class":57},[43,10086,1728],{"class":53},[43,10088,10089,10091,10093,10095,10097,10099],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,10090,50],{"class":49},[43,10092,54],{"class":53},[43,10094,248],{"class":57},[43,10096,54],{"class":53},[43,10098,9520],{"class":236},[43,10100,67],{"class":53},[43,10102,10103,10105,10107,10109],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,10104,50],{"class":49},[43,10106,54],{"class":53},[43,10108,9520],{"class":236},[43,10110,227],{"class":53},[14,10112,10113],{},[913,10114,110],{},[34,10116,10118],{"className":36,"code":10117,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[18,10119,10120,10134],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10121,10122,10124,10126,10128,10130,10132],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10123,271],{"class":211},[43,10125,275],{"class":274},[43,10127,278],{"class":81},[43,10129,9140],{"class":85},[43,10131,283],{"class":81},[43,10133,286],{"class":211},[43,10135,10136],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,10137,9750],{"class":53},[14,10139,10140],{},"This gives the same result as:",[34,10142,10144],{"className":36,"code":10143,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {}\n",[18,10145,10146],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10147,10148,10150,10152],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10149,9481],{"class":207},[43,10151,212],{"class":211},[43,10153,10154],{"class":53}," {}\n",[14,10156,10157,10158,10160,10161,10164,10165,10167],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[18,10159,4113],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10162,10163],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[18,10166,9436],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[29,10169,10171],{"id":10170},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[14,10173,10174,10175,315],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[18,10176,9436],{},[34,10178,10180],{"className":36,"code":10179,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10181,10182,10220,10234],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10183,10184,10186,10188,10190,10192,10194,10196,10198,10200,10202,10204,10206,10208,10210,10212,10214,10216,10218],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10185,9531],{"class":207},[43,10187,212],{"class":211},[43,10189,9536],{"class":53},[43,10191,283],{"class":81},[43,10193,7992],{"class":85},[43,10195,283],{"class":81},[43,10197,800],{"class":53},[43,10199,278],{"class":81},[43,10201,5327],{"class":85},[43,10203,283],{"class":81},[43,10205,9549],{"class":53},[43,10207,9552],{"class":53},[43,10209,283],{"class":81},[43,10211,9615],{"class":85},[43,10213,283],{"class":81},[43,10215,800],{"class":53},[43,10217,9622],{"class":63},[43,10219,9565],{"class":53},[43,10221,10222,10224,10226,10228,10230,10232],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,10223,9481],{"class":207},[43,10225,212],{"class":211},[43,10227,9486],{"class":57},[43,10229,54],{"class":53},[43,10231,9578],{"class":236},[43,10233,227],{"class":53},[43,10235,10236,10238,10240,10242],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,10237,50],{"class":49},[43,10239,54],{"class":53},[43,10241,9520],{"class":236},[43,10243,227],{"class":53},[14,10245,10246],{},[913,10247,110],{},[34,10249,10250],{"className":36,"code":9916,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,10251,10252],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10253,10254,10256,10258,10260,10262,10264,10266,10268,10270,10272,10274,10276,10278,10280,10282],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10255,9594],{"class":53},[43,10257,283],{"class":81},[43,10259,7992],{"class":85},[43,10261,283],{"class":81},[43,10263,325],{"class":53},[43,10265,278],{"class":81},[43,10267,5327],{"class":85},[43,10269,283],{"class":81},[43,10271,800],{"class":53},[43,10273,278],{"class":81},[43,10275,9615],{"class":85},[43,10277,283],{"class":81},[43,10279,325],{"class":53},[43,10281,9622],{"class":63},[43,10283,1667],{"class":53},[14,10285,10286],{},"Each pair becomes:",[150,10288,10289,10292],{},[153,10290,10291],{},"the first item as the key",[153,10293,10294],{},"the second item as the value",[14,10296,10297],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[34,10299,10301],{"className":36,"code":10300,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10302,10303,10338,10352],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10304,10305,10307,10309,10312,10314,10316,10318,10320,10322,10324,10326,10328,10330,10332,10334,10336],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10306,9531],{"class":207},[43,10308,212],{"class":211},[43,10310,10311],{"class":53}," ((",[43,10313,283],{"class":81},[43,10315,189],{"class":85},[43,10317,283],{"class":81},[43,10319,800],{"class":53},[43,10321,5823],{"class":63},[43,10323,9549],{"class":53},[43,10325,9552],{"class":53},[43,10327,283],{"class":81},[43,10329,1231],{"class":85},[43,10331,283],{"class":81},[43,10333,800],{"class":53},[43,10335,803],{"class":63},[43,10337,67],{"class":53},[43,10339,10340,10342,10344,10346,10348,10350],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,10341,9481],{"class":207},[43,10343,212],{"class":211},[43,10345,9486],{"class":57},[43,10347,54],{"class":53},[43,10349,9578],{"class":236},[43,10351,227],{"class":53},[43,10353,10354,10356,10358,10360],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,10355,50],{"class":49},[43,10357,54],{"class":53},[43,10359,9520],{"class":236},[43,10361,227],{"class":53},[14,10363,10364],{},[913,10365,110],{},[34,10367,10368],{"className":36,"code":9830,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,10369,10370],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10371,10372,10374,10376,10378,10380,10382,10384,10386,10388,10390,10392,10394,10396],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10373,9594],{"class":53},[43,10375,283],{"class":81},[43,10377,189],{"class":85},[43,10379,283],{"class":81},[43,10381,325],{"class":53},[43,10383,5823],{"class":63},[43,10385,800],{"class":53},[43,10387,278],{"class":81},[43,10389,1231],{"class":85},[43,10391,283],{"class":81},[43,10393,325],{"class":53},[43,10395,803],{"class":63},[43,10397,1667],{"class":53},[14,10399,10400,10401,315],{},"Each item must contain ",[913,10402,10403],{},"exactly two elements",[14,10405,3167],{},[34,10407,10409],{"className":36,"code":10408,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[18,10410,10411,10451],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10412,10413,10416,10418,10420,10422,10424,10426,10428,10430,10432,10435,10437,10439,10441,10443,10445,10447,10449],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10414,10415],{"class":207},"bad_data ",[43,10417,212],{"class":211},[43,10419,9536],{"class":53},[43,10421,283],{"class":81},[43,10423,189],{"class":85},[43,10425,283],{"class":81},[43,10427,800],{"class":53},[43,10429,5823],{"class":63},[43,10431,800],{"class":53},[43,10433,10434],{"class":63}," 100",[43,10436,9549],{"class":53},[43,10438,9552],{"class":53},[43,10440,283],{"class":81},[43,10442,1231],{"class":85},[43,10444,283],{"class":81},[43,10446,800],{"class":53},[43,10448,803],{"class":63},[43,10450,9565],{"class":53},[43,10452,10453,10455,10457,10459,10461,10464],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,10454,1282],{"class":207},[43,10456,212],{"class":211},[43,10458,9486],{"class":57},[43,10460,54],{"class":53},[43,10462,10463],{"class":236},"bad_data",[43,10465,227],{"class":53},[14,10467,10468,10469,10472],{},"Python raises an error because ",[18,10470,10471],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[14,10474,10475],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[34,10477,10479],{"className":36,"code":10478,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10480,10481,10530,10544],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10482,10483,10485,10487,10489,10491,10493,10495,10497,10499,10501,10503,10505,10507,10509,10511,10514,10516,10518,10520,10522,10524,10526,10528],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10484,9531],{"class":207},[43,10486,212],{"class":211},[43,10488,9536],{"class":53},[43,10490,283],{"class":81},[43,10492,189],{"class":85},[43,10494,283],{"class":81},[43,10496,800],{"class":53},[43,10498,5823],{"class":63},[43,10500,9549],{"class":53},[43,10502,9552],{"class":53},[43,10504,283],{"class":81},[43,10506,189],{"class":85},[43,10508,283],{"class":81},[43,10510,800],{"class":53},[43,10512,10513],{"class":63}," 99",[43,10515,9549],{"class":53},[43,10517,9552],{"class":53},[43,10519,283],{"class":81},[43,10521,1231],{"class":85},[43,10523,283],{"class":81},[43,10525,800],{"class":53},[43,10527,803],{"class":63},[43,10529,9565],{"class":53},[43,10531,10532,10534,10536,10538,10540,10542],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,10533,9481],{"class":207},[43,10535,212],{"class":211},[43,10537,9486],{"class":57},[43,10539,54],{"class":53},[43,10541,9578],{"class":236},[43,10543,227],{"class":53},[43,10545,10546,10548,10550,10552],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,10547,50],{"class":49},[43,10549,54],{"class":53},[43,10551,9520],{"class":236},[43,10553,227],{"class":53},[14,10555,10556],{},[913,10557,110],{},[34,10559,10561],{"className":36,"code":10560,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[18,10562,10563],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10564,10565,10567,10569,10571,10573,10575,10577,10579,10581,10583,10585,10587,10589],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10566,9594],{"class":53},[43,10568,283],{"class":81},[43,10570,189],{"class":85},[43,10572,283],{"class":81},[43,10574,325],{"class":53},[43,10576,10513],{"class":63},[43,10578,800],{"class":53},[43,10580,278],{"class":81},[43,10582,1231],{"class":85},[43,10584,283],{"class":81},[43,10586,325],{"class":53},[43,10588,803],{"class":63},[43,10590,1667],{"class":53},[29,10592,10594],{"id":10593},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[14,10596,10597],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[34,10599,10600],{"className":36,"code":9867,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,10601,10602,10632],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10603,10604,10606,10608,10610,10612,10614,10616,10618,10620,10622,10624,10626,10628,10630],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10605,9481],{"class":207},[43,10607,212],{"class":211},[43,10609,9486],{"class":57},[43,10611,54],{"class":53},[43,10613,7992],{"class":9491},[43,10615,212],{"class":211},[43,10617,283],{"class":81},[43,10619,5327],{"class":85},[43,10621,283],{"class":81},[43,10623,800],{"class":53},[43,10625,9504],{"class":9491},[43,10627,212],{"class":211},[43,10629,9509],{"class":63},[43,10631,227],{"class":53},[43,10633,10634,10636,10638,10640],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,10635,50],{"class":49},[43,10637,54],{"class":53},[43,10639,9520],{"class":236},[43,10641,227],{"class":53},[14,10643,10644],{},[913,10645,110],{},[34,10647,10648],{"className":36,"code":9916,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,10649,10650],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10651,10652,10654,10656,10658,10660,10662,10664,10666,10668,10670,10672,10674,10676,10678,10680],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10653,9594],{"class":53},[43,10655,283],{"class":81},[43,10657,7992],{"class":85},[43,10659,283],{"class":81},[43,10661,325],{"class":53},[43,10663,278],{"class":81},[43,10665,5327],{"class":85},[43,10667,283],{"class":81},[43,10669,800],{"class":53},[43,10671,278],{"class":81},[43,10673,9615],{"class":85},[43,10675,283],{"class":81},[43,10677,325],{"class":53},[43,10679,9622],{"class":63},[43,10681,1667],{"class":53},[14,10683,10684],{},"In this form:",[150,10686,10687,10695],{},[153,10688,10689,10691,10692],{},[18,10690,7992],{}," becomes the string key ",[18,10693,10694],{},"'name'",[153,10696,10697,10691,10699],{},[18,10698,9615],{},[18,10700,10701],{},"'age'",[14,10703,10704],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[14,10706,10707],{},"Valid examples:",[34,10709,10711],{"className":36,"code":10710,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[18,10712,10713,10751],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10714,10715,10717,10719,10721,10723,10726,10728,10730,10733,10735,10737,10740,10742,10744,10747,10749],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10716,9481],{"class":207},[43,10718,212],{"class":211},[43,10720,9486],{"class":57},[43,10722,54],{"class":53},[43,10724,10725],{"class":9491},"city",[43,10727,212],{"class":211},[43,10729,283],{"class":81},[43,10731,10732],{"class":85},"Paris",[43,10734,283],{"class":81},[43,10736,800],{"class":53},[43,10738,10739],{"class":9491}," country",[43,10741,212],{"class":211},[43,10743,283],{"class":81},[43,10745,10746],{"class":85},"France",[43,10748,283],{"class":81},[43,10750,227],{"class":53},[43,10752,10753,10755,10757,10759],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,10754,50],{"class":49},[43,10756,54],{"class":53},[43,10758,9520],{"class":236},[43,10760,227],{"class":53},[14,10762,10763],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[150,10765,10766,10769,10772],{},[153,10767,10768],{},"spaces",[153,10770,10771],{},"hyphens",[153,10773,10774],{},"names that start with numbers",[14,10776,10777,10778,10781],{},"For example, this is ",[913,10779,10780],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[34,10783,10785],{"className":36,"code":10784,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[18,10786,10787],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10788,10789],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10790,10784],{"class":3984},[14,10792,10793],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[34,10795,10797],{"className":36,"code":10796,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[18,10798,10799,10841],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10800,10801,10803,10805,10807,10809,10812,10814,10816,10818,10820,10822,10824,10826,10829,10831,10833,10835,10837,10839],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10802,9481],{"class":207},[43,10804,212],{"class":211},[43,10806,1649],{"class":53},[43,10808,283],{"class":81},[43,10810,10811],{"class":85},"first-name",[43,10813,283],{"class":81},[43,10815,325],{"class":53},[43,10817,278],{"class":81},[43,10819,8001],{"class":85},[43,10821,283],{"class":81},[43,10823,800],{"class":53},[43,10825,278],{"class":81},[43,10827,10828],{"class":85},"first name",[43,10830,283],{"class":81},[43,10832,325],{"class":53},[43,10834,278],{"class":81},[43,10836,8001],{"class":85},[43,10838,283],{"class":81},[43,10840,1667],{"class":53},[43,10842,10843,10845,10847,10849],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,10844,50],{"class":49},[43,10846,54],{"class":53},[43,10848,9520],{"class":236},[43,10850,227],{"class":53},[14,10852,10853],{},[913,10854,110],{},[34,10856,10858],{"className":36,"code":10857,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[18,10859,10860],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10861,10862,10864,10866,10868,10870,10872,10874,10876,10878,10880,10882,10884,10886,10888,10890,10892,10894],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10863,9594],{"class":53},[43,10865,283],{"class":81},[43,10867,10811],{"class":85},[43,10869,283],{"class":81},[43,10871,325],{"class":53},[43,10873,278],{"class":81},[43,10875,8001],{"class":85},[43,10877,283],{"class":81},[43,10879,800],{"class":53},[43,10881,278],{"class":81},[43,10883,10828],{"class":85},[43,10885,283],{"class":81},[43,10887,325],{"class":53},[43,10889,278],{"class":81},[43,10891,8001],{"class":85},[43,10893,283],{"class":81},[43,10895,1667],{"class":53},[29,10897,10899,10901,10902],{"id":10898},"dict-vs",[18,10900,9436],{}," vs ",[18,10903,4113],{},[14,10905,2004,10906,895,10908,10910],{},[18,10907,9436],{},[18,10909,4113],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[402,10912,133,10914,10916],{"id":10913},"use-when",[18,10915,4113],{}," when:",[150,10918,10919,10922],{},[153,10920,10921],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[153,10923,10924],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[34,10926,10927],{"className":36,"code":10143,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,10928,10929],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10930,10931,10933,10935],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10932,9481],{"class":207},[43,10934,212],{"class":211},[43,10936,10154],{"class":53},[402,10938,133,10940,10916],{"id":10939},"use-dict-when",[18,10941,9436],{},[150,10943,10944,10947,10950],{},[153,10945,10946],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[153,10948,10949],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[153,10951,10952],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[34,10954,10956],{"className":36,"code":10955,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[18,10957,10958,10995],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,10959,10960,10962,10964,10966,10968,10970,10972,10974,10976,10978,10980,10982,10984,10986,10988,10990,10992],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,10961,9481],{"class":207},[43,10963,212],{"class":211},[43,10965,9486],{"class":57},[43,10967,9973],{"class":53},[43,10969,283],{"class":81},[43,10971,189],{"class":85},[43,10973,283],{"class":81},[43,10975,800],{"class":53},[43,10977,5823],{"class":63},[43,10979,9549],{"class":53},[43,10981,9552],{"class":53},[43,10983,283],{"class":81},[43,10985,1231],{"class":85},[43,10987,283],{"class":81},[43,10989,800],{"class":53},[43,10991,803],{"class":63},[43,10993,10994],{"class":53},")])\n",[43,10996,10997,11000,11002,11004,11006,11008,11010,11012,11014,11016,11018,11020,11022,11024],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,10998,10999],{"class":207},"info ",[43,11001,212],{"class":211},[43,11003,9486],{"class":57},[43,11005,54],{"class":53},[43,11007,7992],{"class":9491},[43,11009,212],{"class":211},[43,11011,283],{"class":81},[43,11013,5327],{"class":85},[43,11015,283],{"class":81},[43,11017,800],{"class":53},[43,11019,9504],{"class":9491},[43,11021,212],{"class":211},[43,11023,9509],{"class":63},[43,11025,227],{"class":53},[14,11027,2132],{},[150,11029,11030,11035],{},[153,11031,11032,11034],{},[18,11033,4113],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[153,11036,11037,11039],{},[18,11038,9436],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[14,11041,11042,11043,11047,11048,315],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[189,11044,11046],{"href":11045},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[189,11049,11051,11052,11055],{"href":11050},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[18,11053,11054],{},"get()"," method",[29,11057,11059],{"id":11058},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[14,11061,11062,11063,315],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[18,11064,9436],{},[402,11066,11068],{"id":11067},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[14,11070,4849],{},[34,11072,11074],{"className":36,"code":11073,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[18,11075,11076,11100],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11077,11078,11080,11082,11084,11086,11088,11090,11092,11094,11096,11098],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11079,8104],{"class":207},[43,11081,212],{"class":211},[43,11083,3942],{"class":53},[43,11085,283],{"class":81},[43,11087,189],{"class":85},[43,11089,283],{"class":81},[43,11091,800],{"class":53},[43,11093,278],{"class":81},[43,11095,1231],{"class":85},[43,11097,283],{"class":81},[43,11099,3955],{"class":53},[43,11101,11102,11104,11106,11108,11110,11112],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,11103,9481],{"class":207},[43,11105,212],{"class":211},[43,11107,9486],{"class":57},[43,11109,54],{"class":53},[43,11111,8135],{"class":236},[43,11113,227],{"class":53},[14,11115,11116,11117,315],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[18,11118,11119],{},"('a', 1)",[14,11121,11122],{},"Correct version:",[34,11124,11126],{"className":36,"code":11125,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[18,11127,11128,11162,11176],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11129,11130,11132,11134,11136,11138,11140,11142,11144,11146,11148,11150,11152,11154,11156,11158,11160],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11131,8104],{"class":207},[43,11133,212],{"class":211},[43,11135,9536],{"class":53},[43,11137,283],{"class":81},[43,11139,189],{"class":85},[43,11141,283],{"class":81},[43,11143,800],{"class":53},[43,11145,5823],{"class":63},[43,11147,9549],{"class":53},[43,11149,9552],{"class":53},[43,11151,283],{"class":81},[43,11153,1231],{"class":85},[43,11155,283],{"class":81},[43,11157,800],{"class":53},[43,11159,803],{"class":63},[43,11161,9565],{"class":53},[43,11163,11164,11166,11168,11170,11172,11174],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,11165,9481],{"class":207},[43,11167,212],{"class":211},[43,11169,9486],{"class":57},[43,11171,54],{"class":53},[43,11173,8135],{"class":236},[43,11175,227],{"class":53},[43,11177,11178,11180,11182,11184],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,11179,50],{"class":49},[43,11181,54],{"class":53},[43,11183,9520],{"class":236},[43,11185,227],{"class":53},[402,11187,11189],{"id":11188},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[14,11191,11192],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[34,11194,11196],{"className":36,"code":11195,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[18,11197,11198],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11199,11200],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11201,11195],{"class":3984},[14,11203,11204,11205,325],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[18,11206,212],{},[34,11208,11210],{"className":36,"code":11209,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[18,11211,11212,11234],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11213,11214,11216,11218,11220,11222,11224,11226,11228,11230,11232],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11215,9481],{"class":207},[43,11217,212],{"class":211},[43,11219,9486],{"class":57},[43,11221,54],{"class":53},[43,11223,7992],{"class":9491},[43,11225,212],{"class":211},[43,11227,283],{"class":81},[43,11229,5327],{"class":85},[43,11231,283],{"class":81},[43,11233,227],{"class":53},[43,11235,11236,11238,11240,11242],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,11237,50],{"class":49},[43,11239,54],{"class":53},[43,11241,9520],{"class":236},[43,11243,227],{"class":53},[402,11245,11247],{"id":11246},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[14,11249,11250],{},"This will not work:",[34,11252,11253],{"className":36,"code":10784,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,11254,11255],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11256,11257],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11258,10784],{"class":3984},[14,11260,11261],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[34,11263,11265],{"className":36,"code":11264,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[18,11266,11267,11291],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11268,11269,11271,11273,11275,11277,11279,11281,11283,11285,11287,11289],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11270,9481],{"class":207},[43,11272,212],{"class":211},[43,11274,1649],{"class":53},[43,11276,283],{"class":81},[43,11278,10811],{"class":85},[43,11280,283],{"class":81},[43,11282,325],{"class":53},[43,11284,278],{"class":81},[43,11286,8001],{"class":85},[43,11288,283],{"class":81},[43,11290,1667],{"class":53},[43,11292,11293,11295,11297,11299],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,11294,50],{"class":49},[43,11296,54],{"class":53},[43,11298,9520],{"class":236},[43,11300,227],{"class":53},[402,11302,11304],{"id":11303},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[14,11306,11307],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[34,11309,11311],{"className":36,"code":11310,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[18,11312,11313,11349],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11314,11315,11317,11319,11321,11323,11325,11327,11329,11331,11333,11335,11337,11339,11341,11343,11345,11347],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11316,9481],{"class":207},[43,11318,212],{"class":211},[43,11320,9486],{"class":57},[43,11322,9973],{"class":53},[43,11324,283],{"class":81},[43,11326,2519],{"class":85},[43,11328,283],{"class":81},[43,11330,800],{"class":53},[43,11332,5823],{"class":63},[43,11334,9549],{"class":53},[43,11336,9552],{"class":53},[43,11338,283],{"class":81},[43,11340,2519],{"class":85},[43,11342,283],{"class":81},[43,11344,800],{"class":53},[43,11346,803],{"class":63},[43,11348,10994],{"class":53},[43,11350,11351,11353,11355,11357],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,11352,50],{"class":49},[43,11354,54],{"class":53},[43,11356,9520],{"class":236},[43,11358,227],{"class":53},[14,11360,11361],{},[913,11362,110],{},[34,11364,11366],{"className":36,"code":11365,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'x': 2}\n",[18,11367,11368],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11369,11370,11372,11374,11376,11378,11380,11382],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11371,9594],{"class":53},[43,11373,283],{"class":81},[43,11375,2519],{"class":85},[43,11377,283],{"class":81},[43,11379,325],{"class":53},[43,11381,803],{"class":63},[43,11383,1667],{"class":53},[14,11385,11386,11387,315],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[189,11388,11390],{"href":11389},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[29,11392,3160],{"id":3159},[14,11394,11395,11396,11398],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[18,11397,9436],{}," include:",[150,11400,11401,11411,11417,11420],{},[153,11402,11403,11404,11407,11408],{},"passing a list like ",[18,11405,11406],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[18,11409,11410],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[153,11412,11413,11414],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[18,11415,11416],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[153,11418,11419],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[153,11421,11422,11423,11425],{},"confusing ",[18,11424,9436],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[14,11427,11428],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[34,11430,11432],{"className":36,"code":11431,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[18,11433,11434,11448,11458,11469],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11435,11436,11438,11440,11442,11444,11446],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11437,50],{"class":49},[43,11439,54],{"class":53},[43,11441,248],{"class":57},[43,11443,54],{"class":53},[43,11445,9520],{"class":236},[43,11447,67],{"class":53},[43,11449,11450,11452,11454,11456],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,11451,50],{"class":49},[43,11453,54],{"class":53},[43,11455,9520],{"class":236},[43,11457,227],{"class":53},[43,11459,11460,11462,11464,11467],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,11461,50],{"class":49},[43,11463,54],{"class":53},[43,11465,11466],{"class":236},"list_of_pairs",[43,11468,227],{"class":53},[43,11470,11471,11473,11475,11478,11480,11482],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,11472,50],{"class":49},[43,11474,54],{"class":53},[43,11476,11477],{"class":49},"len",[43,11479,54],{"class":53},[43,11481,11466],{"class":236},[43,11483,67],{"class":53},[14,11485,11486],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[150,11488,11489,11492,11495],{},[153,11490,11491],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[153,11493,11494],{},"what data is being passed in",[153,11496,11497],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[29,11499,2162],{"id":2161},[402,11501,5503,11503,895,11505,2822],{"id":11502},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[18,11504,9436],{},[18,11506,4113],{},[14,11508,11509,11511,11512,11514],{},[18,11510,4113],{}," is the short literal form. ",[18,11513,9436],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[402,11516,5493,11518,11520],{"id":11517},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[18,11519,9436],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[14,11522,11523,11524,315],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[18,11525,11410],{},[402,11527,5481,11529,11532],{"id":11528},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[18,11530,11531],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[14,11534,11535],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[402,11537,11539,11540,11542],{"id":11538},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[18,11541,9436],{}," keyword arguments?",[14,11544,11545,11546,11549],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[18,11547,11548],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[29,11551,2229],{"id":2228},[150,11553,11554,11559,11563,11568,11574],{},[153,11555,11556],{},[189,11557,11558],{"href":9706},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[153,11560,11561],{},[189,11562,9471],{"href":9470},[153,11564,11565],{},[189,11566,11567],{"href":11045},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[153,11569,11570],{},[189,11571,11051,11572,11055],{"href":11050},[18,11573,11054],{},[153,11575,11576],{},[189,11577,11578],{"href":11389},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2262,11580,11581],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":11583},[11584,11586,11592,11593,11594,11595,11602,11608,11609,11619],{"id":9660,"depth":70,"text":11585},"What dict() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290,"children":11587},[11588,11589,11590,11591],{"id":9717,"depth":93,"text":9718},{"id":9759,"depth":93,"text":9760},{"id":9863,"depth":93,"text":9864},{"id":9953,"depth":93,"text":9954},{"id":10066,"depth":70,"text":9718},{"id":10170,"depth":70,"text":10171},{"id":10593,"depth":70,"text":10594},{"id":10898,"depth":70,"text":11596,"children":11597},"dict() vs {}",[11598,11600],{"id":10913,"depth":93,"text":11599},"Use {} when:",{"id":10939,"depth":93,"text":11601},"Use dict() when:",{"id":11058,"depth":70,"text":11059,"children":11603},[11604,11605,11606,11607],{"id":11067,"depth":93,"text":11068},{"id":11188,"depth":93,"text":11189},{"id":11246,"depth":93,"text":11247},{"id":11303,"depth":93,"text":11304},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":11610},[11611,11613,11615,11617],{"id":11502,"depth":93,"text":11612},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11517,"depth":93,"text":11614},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11528,"depth":93,"text":11616},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11538,"depth":93,"text":11618},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9428,"description":11620},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11627,"title":11628,"body":11629,"description":13141,"extension":2312,"meta":13142,"navigation":958,"path":13143,"seo":13144,"stem":13145,"__hash__":13146},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11630,"toc":13110},[11631,11639,11645,11652,11654,11715,11720,11725,11730,11748,11751,11755,11757,11773,11776,11789,11793,11796,11930,11932,11999,12002,12018,12024,12030,12033,12115,12117,12131,12135,12141,12206,12208,12216,12219,12242,12248,12311,12317,12320,12334,12347,12351,12362,12367,12378,12385,12389,12395,12517,12519,12545,12548,12565,12568,12679,12681,12730,12732,12745,12754,12759,12764,12775,12777,12880,12903,12905,12909,12928,12931,12989,12992,13018,13020,13027,13030,13036,13040,13047,13055,13061,13064,13066,13107],[10,11632,11634,11635,11638],{"id":11633},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[18,11636,11637],{},"clear()"," Method",[14,11640,11641,11644],{},[18,11642,11643],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[14,11646,11647,11648,11651],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[913,11649,11650],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[29,11653,32],{"id":31},[34,11655,11657],{"className":36,"code":11656,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[18,11658,11659,11691,11702],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11660,11661,11663,11665,11667,11669,11671,11673,11675,11677,11679,11681,11683,11685,11687,11689],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11662,9481],{"class":207},[43,11664,212],{"class":211},[43,11666,1649],{"class":53},[43,11668,82],{"class":81},[43,11670,189],{"class":85},[43,11672,82],{"class":81},[43,11674,325],{"class":53},[43,11676,5823],{"class":63},[43,11678,800],{"class":53},[43,11680,932],{"class":81},[43,11682,1231],{"class":85},[43,11684,82],{"class":81},[43,11686,325],{"class":53},[43,11688,803],{"class":63},[43,11690,1667],{"class":53},[43,11692,11693,11695,11697,11700],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,11694,9520],{"class":207},[43,11696,315],{"class":53},[43,11698,11699],{"class":236},"clear",[43,11701,1728],{"class":53},[43,11703,11704,11706,11708,11710,11712],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,11705,50],{"class":49},[43,11707,54],{"class":53},[43,11709,9520],{"class":236},[43,11711,1221],{"class":53},[43,11713,11714],{"class":3984},"  # {}\n",[14,11716,11717,11719],{},[18,11718,11637],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[29,11721,3998,11723,4001],{"id":11722},"what-clear-does",[18,11724,11637],{},[14,11726,1073,11727,11729],{},[18,11728,11637],{}," method:",[150,11731,11732,11735,11738,11743],{},[153,11733,11734],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[153,11736,11737],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[153,11739,11740,11741],{},"Returns ",[18,11742,4099],{},[153,11744,11745,11746],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[18,11747,4113],{},[14,11749,11750],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[14,11752,9467,11753,315],{},[189,11754,9471],{"href":9470},[29,11756,290],{"id":289},[34,11758,11760],{"className":36,"code":11759,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict.clear()\n",[18,11761,11762],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11763,11764,11767,11769,11771],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11765,11766],{"class":207},"my_dict",[43,11768,315],{"class":53},[43,11770,11699],{"class":236},[43,11772,1728],{"class":53},[14,11774,11775],{},"Important points:",[150,11777,11778,11783,11786],{},[153,11779,11780,11782],{},[18,11781,11637],{}," takes no arguments",[153,11784,11785],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[153,11787,11788],{},"It empties that dictionary",[29,11790,11792],{"id":11791},"simple-example","Simple example",[14,11794,11795],{},"Here is a basic example:",[34,11797,11799],{"className":36,"code":11798,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[18,11800,11801,11811,11832,11846,11863,11867,11871,11891,11895,11906,11910],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11802,11803,11806,11808],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11804,11805],{"class":207},"user ",[43,11807,212],{"class":211},[43,11809,11810],{"class":53}," {\n",[43,11812,11813,11816,11818,11820,11822,11824,11827,11829],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,11814,11815],{"class":81},"    \"",[43,11817,7992],{"class":85},[43,11819,82],{"class":81},[43,11821,325],{"class":53},[43,11823,932],{"class":81},[43,11825,11826],{"class":85},"Maya",[43,11828,82],{"class":81},[43,11830,11831],{"class":53},",\n",[43,11833,11834,11836,11838,11840,11842,11844],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,11835,11815],{"class":81},[43,11837,9615],{"class":85},[43,11839,82],{"class":81},[43,11841,325],{"class":53},[43,11843,9622],{"class":63},[43,11845,11831],{"class":53},[43,11847,11848,11850,11852,11854,11856,11858,11861],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,11849,11815],{"class":81},[43,11851,10725],{"class":85},[43,11853,82],{"class":81},[43,11855,325],{"class":53},[43,11857,932],{"class":81},[43,11859,11860],{"class":85},"Berlin",[43,11862,938],{"class":81},[43,11864,11865],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,11866,1667],{"class":53},[43,11868,11869],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,11870,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,11872,11873,11875,11877,11879,11882,11884,11886,11889],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,11874,50],{"class":49},[43,11876,54],{"class":53},[43,11878,82],{"class":81},[43,11880,11881],{"class":85},"Before:",[43,11883,82],{"class":81},[43,11885,800],{"class":53},[43,11887,11888],{"class":236}," user",[43,11890,227],{"class":53},[43,11892,11893],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,11894,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,11896,11897,11900,11902,11904],{"class":45,"line":6756},[43,11898,11899],{"class":207},"user",[43,11901,315],{"class":53},[43,11903,11699],{"class":236},[43,11905,1728],{"class":53},[43,11907,11908],{"class":45,"line":6761},[43,11909,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,11911,11913,11915,11917,11919,11922,11924,11926,11928],{"class":45,"line":11912},11,[43,11914,50],{"class":49},[43,11916,54],{"class":53},[43,11918,82],{"class":81},[43,11920,11921],{"class":85},"After:",[43,11923,82],{"class":81},[43,11925,800],{"class":53},[43,11927,11888],{"class":236},[43,11929,227],{"class":53},[14,11931,5885],{},[34,11933,11935],{"className":36,"code":11934,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[18,11936,11937,11990],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,11938,11939,11942,11944,11946,11948,11950,11952,11954,11956,11958,11960,11962,11964,11966,11968,11970,11972,11974,11976,11978,11980,11982,11984,11986,11988],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,11940,11941],{"class":207},"Before",[43,11943,325],{"class":53},[43,11945,1649],{"class":53},[43,11947,283],{"class":81},[43,11949,7992],{"class":85},[43,11951,283],{"class":81},[43,11953,325],{"class":53},[43,11955,278],{"class":81},[43,11957,11826],{"class":85},[43,11959,283],{"class":81},[43,11961,800],{"class":53},[43,11963,278],{"class":81},[43,11965,9615],{"class":85},[43,11967,283],{"class":81},[43,11969,325],{"class":53},[43,11971,9622],{"class":63},[43,11973,800],{"class":53},[43,11975,278],{"class":81},[43,11977,10725],{"class":85},[43,11979,283],{"class":81},[43,11981,325],{"class":53},[43,11983,278],{"class":81},[43,11985,11860],{"class":85},[43,11987,283],{"class":81},[43,11989,1667],{"class":53},[43,11991,11992,11995,11997],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,11993,11994],{"class":207},"After",[43,11996,325],{"class":53},[43,11998,10154],{"class":53},[14,12000,12001],{},"What happens here:",[150,12003,12004,12009,12015],{},[153,12005,12006,12008],{},[18,12007,11899],{}," starts with three items",[153,12010,12011,12014],{},[18,12012,12013],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[153,12016,12017],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[29,12019,3998,12021,12023],{"id":12020},"what-clear-returns",[18,12022,11637],{}," returns",[14,12025,12026,2733,12028,315],{},[18,12027,11637],{},[18,12029,4099],{},[14,12031,12032],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[34,12034,12036],{"className":36,"code":12035,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[18,12037,12038,12072,12076,12091,12095,12105],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,12039,12040,12043,12045,12047,12049,12051,12053,12055,12057,12059,12061,12064,12066,12068,12070],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,12041,12042],{"class":207},"my_dict ",[43,12044,212],{"class":211},[43,12046,1649],{"class":53},[43,12048,82],{"class":81},[43,12050,2519],{"class":85},[43,12052,82],{"class":81},[43,12054,325],{"class":53},[43,12056,5823],{"class":63},[43,12058,800],{"class":53},[43,12060,932],{"class":81},[43,12062,12063],{"class":85},"y",[43,12065,82],{"class":81},[43,12067,325],{"class":53},[43,12069,803],{"class":63},[43,12071,1667],{"class":53},[43,12073,12074],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,12075,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,12077,12078,12080,12082,12085,12087,12089],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,12079,1282],{"class":207},[43,12081,212],{"class":211},[43,12083,12084],{"class":207}," my_dict",[43,12086,315],{"class":53},[43,12088,11699],{"class":236},[43,12090,1728],{"class":53},[43,12092,12093],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,12094,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,12096,12097,12099,12101,12103],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,12098,50],{"class":49},[43,12100,54],{"class":53},[43,12102,1306],{"class":236},[43,12104,227],{"class":53},[43,12106,12107,12109,12111,12113],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,12108,50],{"class":49},[43,12110,54],{"class":53},[43,12112,11766],{"class":236},[43,12114,227],{"class":53},[14,12116,110],{},[34,12118,12120],{"className":36,"code":12119,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"None\n{}\n",[18,12121,12122,12127],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,12123,12124],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,12125,12126],{"class":104},"None\n",[43,12128,12129],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,12130,9750],{"class":53},[402,12132,12134],{"id":12133},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[14,12136,12137,12138,12140],{},"Do ",[913,12139,734],{}," do this:",[34,12142,12144],{"className":36,"code":12143,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[18,12145,12146,12178,12192,12196],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,12147,12148,12150,12152,12154,12156,12158,12160,12162,12164,12166,12168,12170,12172,12174,12176],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,12149,12042],{"class":207},[43,12151,212],{"class":211},[43,12153,1649],{"class":53},[43,12155,82],{"class":81},[43,12157,2519],{"class":85},[43,12159,82],{"class":81},[43,12161,325],{"class":53},[43,12163,5823],{"class":63},[43,12165,800],{"class":53},[43,12167,932],{"class":81},[43,12169,12063],{"class":85},[43,12171,82],{"class":81},[43,12173,325],{"class":53},[43,12175,803],{"class":63},[43,12177,1667],{"class":53},[43,12179,12180,12182,12184,12186,12188,12190],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,12181,12042],{"class":207},[43,12183,212],{"class":211},[43,12185,12084],{"class":207},[43,12187,315],{"class":53},[43,12189,11699],{"class":236},[43,12191,1728],{"class":53},[43,12193,12194],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,12195,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,12197,12198,12200,12202,12204],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,12199,50],{"class":49},[43,12201,54],{"class":53},[43,12203,11766],{"class":236},[43,12205,227],{"class":53},[14,12207,110],{},[34,12209,12210],{"className":36,"code":12126,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,12211,12212],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,12213,12214],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,12215,12126],{"class":104},[14,12217,12218],{},"Why this happens:",[150,12220,12221,12227,12232],{},[153,12222,12223,12226],{},[18,12224,12225],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[153,12228,12229,12230],{},"The method returns ",[18,12231,4099],{},[153,12233,12234,12235,12238,12239,12241],{},"Then ",[18,12236,12237],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[18,12240,4099],{}," in the variable",[14,12243,12244,12245,12247],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[18,12246,11637],{}," by itself:",[34,12249,12251],{"className":36,"code":12250,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[18,12252,12253,12285,12295,12299],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,12254,12255,12257,12259,12261,12263,12265,12267,12269,12271,12273,12275,12277,12279,12281,12283],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,12256,12042],{"class":207},[43,12258,212],{"class":211},[43,12260,1649],{"class":53},[43,12262,82],{"class":81},[43,12264,2519],{"class":85},[43,12266,82],{"class":81},[43,12268,325],{"class":53},[43,12270,5823],{"class":63},[43,12272,800],{"class":53},[43,12274,932],{"class":81},[43,12276,12063],{"class":85},[43,12278,82],{"class":81},[43,12280,325],{"class":53},[43,12282,803],{"class":63},[43,12284,1667],{"class":53},[43,12286,12287,12289,12291,12293],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,12288,11766],{"class":207},[43,12290,315],{"class":53},[43,12292,11699],{"class":236},[43,12294,1728],{"class":53},[43,12296,12297],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,12298,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,12300,12301,12303,12305,12307,12309],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,12302,50],{"class":49},[43,12304,54],{"class":53},[43,12306,11766],{"class":236},[43,12308,1221],{"class":53},[43,12310,11714],{"class":3984},[29,12312,12314,12316],{"id":12313},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[18,12315,11637],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[14,12318,12319],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[34,12321,12322],{"className":36,"code":11759,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,12323,12324],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,12325,12326,12328,12330,12332],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,12327,11766],{"class":207},[43,12329,315],{"class":53},[43,12331,11699],{"class":236},[43,12333,1728],{"class":53},[34,12335,12337],{"className":36,"code":12336,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict = {}\n",[18,12338,12339],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,12340,12341,12343,12345],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,12342,12042],{"class":207},[43,12344,212],{"class":211},[43,12346,10154],{"class":53},[402,12348,12349],{"id":11699},[18,12350,11637],{},[150,12352,12353,12356,12359],{},[153,12354,12355],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[153,12357,12358],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[153,12360,12361],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[402,12363,12364],{"id":11766},[18,12365,12366],{},"my_dict = {}",[150,12368,12369,12372,12375],{},[153,12370,12371],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[153,12373,12374],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[153,12376,12377],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[14,12379,12380,12381,315],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[189,12382,12384],{"href":12383},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[29,12386,12388],{"id":12387},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[14,12390,12391,12392,12394],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[18,12393,11637],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[34,12396,12398],{"className":36,"code":12397,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[18,12399,12400,12433,12443,12447,12458,12462,12482,12502],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,12401,12402,12405,12407,12409,12411,12413,12415,12417,12419,12421,12423,12425,12427,12429,12431],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,12403,12404],{"class":207},"original ",[43,12406,212],{"class":211},[43,12408,1649],{"class":53},[43,12410,82],{"class":81},[43,12412,189],{"class":85},[43,12414,82],{"class":81},[43,12416,325],{"class":53},[43,12418,5823],{"class":63},[43,12420,800],{"class":53},[43,12422,932],{"class":81},[43,12424,1231],{"class":85},[43,12426,82],{"class":81},[43,12428,325],{"class":53},[43,12430,803],{"class":63},[43,12432,1667],{"class":53},[43,12434,12435,12438,12440],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,12436,12437],{"class":207},"other_ref ",[43,12439,212],{"class":211},[43,12441,12442],{"class":207}," original\n",[43,12444,12445],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,12446,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,12448,12449,12452,12454,12456],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,12450,12451],{"class":207},"original",[43,12453,315],{"class":53},[43,12455,11699],{"class":236},[43,12457,1728],{"class":53},[43,12459,12460],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,12461,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,12463,12464,12466,12468,12470,12473,12475,12477,12480],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,12465,50],{"class":49},[43,12467,54],{"class":53},[43,12469,82],{"class":81},[43,12471,12472],{"class":85},"original:",[43,12474,82],{"class":81},[43,12476,800],{"class":53},[43,12478,12479],{"class":236}," original",[43,12481,227],{"class":53},[43,12483,12484,12486,12488,12490,12493,12495,12497,12500],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,12485,50],{"class":49},[43,12487,54],{"class":53},[43,12489,82],{"class":81},[43,12491,12492],{"class":85},"other_ref:",[43,12494,82],{"class":81},[43,12496,800],{"class":53},[43,12498,12499],{"class":236}," other_ref",[43,12501,227],{"class":53},[43,12503,12504,12506,12508,12510,12513,12515],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,12505,50],{"class":49},[43,12507,54],{"class":53},[43,12509,12404],{"class":236},[43,12511,12512],{"class":1927},"is",[43,12514,12499],{"class":236},[43,12516,227],{"class":53},[14,12518,110],{},[34,12520,12522],{"className":36,"code":12521,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[18,12523,12524,12532,12541],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,12525,12526,12528,12530],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,12527,12451],{"class":207},[43,12529,325],{"class":53},[43,12531,10154],{"class":53},[43,12533,12534,12537,12539],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,12535,12536],{"class":207},"other_ref",[43,12538,325],{"class":53},[43,12540,10154],{"class":53},[43,12542,12543],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,12544,4301],{"class":104},[14,12546,12547],{},"This shows:",[150,12549,12550,12557,12562],{},[153,12551,12552,895,12554,12556],{},[18,12553,12451],{},[18,12555,12536],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[153,12558,12559,12561],{},[18,12560,11637],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[153,12563,12564],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[14,12566,12567],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[34,12569,12571],{"className":36,"code":12570,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[18,12572,12573,12605,12613,12617,12625,12629,12647,12665],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,12574,12575,12577,12579,12581,12583,12585,12587,12589,12591,12593,12595,12597,12599,12601,12603],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,12576,12404],{"class":207},[43,12578,212],{"class":211},[43,12580,1649],{"class":53},[43,12582,82],{"class":81},[43,12584,189],{"class":85},[43,12586,82],{"class":81},[43,12588,325],{"class":53},[43,12590,5823],{"class":63},[43,12592,800],{"class":53},[43,12594,932],{"class":81},[43,12596,1231],{"class":85},[43,12598,82],{"class":81},[43,12600,325],{"class":53},[43,12602,803],{"class":63},[43,12604,1667],{"class":53},[43,12606,12607,12609,12611],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,12608,12437],{"class":207},[43,12610,212],{"class":211},[43,12612,12442],{"class":207},[43,12614,12615],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,12616,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,12618,12619,12621,12623],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,12620,12404],{"class":207},[43,12622,212],{"class":211},[43,12624,10154],{"class":53},[43,12626,12627],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,12628,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,12630,12631,12633,12635,12637,12639,12641,12643,12645],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,12632,50],{"class":49},[43,12634,54],{"class":53},[43,12636,82],{"class":81},[43,12638,12472],{"class":85},[43,12640,82],{"class":81},[43,12642,800],{"class":53},[43,12644,12479],{"class":236},[43,12646,227],{"class":53},[43,12648,12649,12651,12653,12655,12657,12659,12661,12663],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,12650,50],{"class":49},[43,12652,54],{"class":53},[43,12654,82],{"class":81},[43,12656,12492],{"class":85},[43,12658,82],{"class":81},[43,12660,800],{"class":53},[43,12662,12499],{"class":236},[43,12664,227],{"class":53},[43,12666,12667,12669,12671,12673,12675,12677],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,12668,50],{"class":49},[43,12670,54],{"class":53},[43,12672,12404],{"class":236},[43,12674,12512],{"class":1927},[43,12676,12499],{"class":236},[43,12678,227],{"class":53},[14,12680,110],{},[34,12682,12684],{"className":36,"code":12683,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[18,12685,12686,12694,12726],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,12687,12688,12690,12692],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,12689,12451],{"class":207},[43,12691,325],{"class":53},[43,12693,10154],{"class":53},[43,12695,12696,12698,12700,12702,12704,12706,12708,12710,12712,12714,12716,12718,12720,12722,12724],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,12697,12536],{"class":207},[43,12699,325],{"class":53},[43,12701,1649],{"class":53},[43,12703,283],{"class":81},[43,12705,189],{"class":85},[43,12707,283],{"class":81},[43,12709,325],{"class":53},[43,12711,5823],{"class":63},[43,12713,800],{"class":53},[43,12715,278],{"class":81},[43,12717,1231],{"class":85},[43,12719,283],{"class":81},[43,12721,325],{"class":53},[43,12723,803],{"class":63},[43,12725,1667],{"class":53},[43,12727,12728],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,12729,4362],{"class":104},[14,12731,2524],{},[150,12733,12734,12740],{},[153,12735,12736,12739],{},[18,12737,12738],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[153,12741,12742,12744],{},[18,12743,12536],{}," still points to the old one",[14,12746,12747,12748,315],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[189,12749,12751],{"href":12750},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[18,12752,12753],{},"dict.copy()",[29,12755,5284,12757],{"id":12756},"when-to-use-clear",[18,12758,11637],{},[14,12760,12761,12763],{},[18,12762,11637],{}," is useful when you want to:",[150,12765,12766,12769,12772],{},[153,12767,12768],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[153,12770,12771],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[153,12773,12774],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[14,12776,197],{},[34,12778,12780],{"className":36,"code":12779,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[18,12781,12782,12791,12807,12827,12840,12844,12848,12853,12864,12868],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,12783,12784,12787,12789],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,12785,12786],{"class":207},"session_data ",[43,12788,212],{"class":211},[43,12790,11810],{"class":53},[43,12792,12793,12795,12798,12800,12802,12805],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,12794,11815],{"class":81},[43,12796,12797],{"class":85},"user_id",[43,12799,82],{"class":81},[43,12801,325],{"class":53},[43,12803,12804],{"class":63}," 101",[43,12806,11831],{"class":53},[43,12808,12809,12811,12814,12816,12818,12820,12823,12825],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,12810,11815],{"class":81},[43,12812,12813],{"class":85},"theme",[43,12815,82],{"class":81},[43,12817,325],{"class":53},[43,12819,932],{"class":81},[43,12821,12822],{"class":85},"dark",[43,12824,82],{"class":81},[43,12826,11831],{"class":53},[43,12828,12829,12831,12834,12836,12838],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,12830,11815],{"class":81},[43,12832,12833],{"class":85},"logged_in",[43,12835,82],{"class":81},[43,12837,325],{"class":53},[43,12839,6748],{"class":104},[43,12841,12842],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,12843,1667],{"class":53},[43,12845,12846],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,12847,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,12849,12850],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,12851,12852],{"class":3984},"# Reset for a new session\n",[43,12854,12855,12858,12860,12862],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,12856,12857],{"class":207},"session_data",[43,12859,315],{"class":53},[43,12861,11699],{"class":236},[43,12863,1728],{"class":53},[43,12865,12866],{"class":45,"line":6756},[43,12867,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,12869,12870,12872,12874,12876,12878],{"class":45,"line":6761},[43,12871,50],{"class":49},[43,12873,54],{"class":53},[43,12875,12857],{"class":236},[43,12877,1221],{"class":53},[43,12879,11714],{"class":3984},[14,12881,12882,12883,12889,12890,315,12894,12896,12897,315],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[189,12884,12886],{"href":12885},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[18,12887,12888],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[189,12891,12893],{"href":12892},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10162,12895],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[189,12898,12900],{"href":12899},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[18,12901,12902],{},"dict.popitem()",[29,12904,3160],{"id":3159},[14,12906,11062,12907,325],{},[18,12908,11637],{},[150,12910,12911,12917,12922,12925],{},[153,12912,12913,12914,12916],{},"Assigning the result of ",[18,12915,11637],{}," to a variable",[153,12918,8773,12919,12921],{},[18,12920,11637],{}," to return a new dictionary",[153,12923,12924],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[153,12926,12927],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[14,12929,12930],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[34,12932,12934],{"className":36,"code":12933,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[18,12935,12936,12946,12960,12975],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,12937,12938,12940,12942,12944],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,12939,50],{"class":49},[43,12941,54],{"class":53},[43,12943,11766],{"class":236},[43,12945,227],{"class":53},[43,12947,12948,12950,12952,12954,12956,12958],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,12949,50],{"class":49},[43,12951,54],{"class":53},[43,12953,248],{"class":57},[43,12955,54],{"class":53},[43,12957,11766],{"class":236},[43,12959,67],{"class":53},[43,12961,12962,12964,12966,12969,12971,12973],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,12963,50],{"class":49},[43,12965,54],{"class":53},[43,12967,12968],{"class":49},"id",[43,12970,54],{"class":53},[43,12972,11766],{"class":236},[43,12974,67],{"class":53},[43,12976,12977,12979,12981,12983,12985,12987],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,12978,50],{"class":49},[43,12980,54],{"class":53},[43,12982,12437],{"class":236},[43,12984,12512],{"class":1927},[43,12986,12084],{"class":236},[43,12988,227],{"class":53},[14,12990,12991],{},"What these show:",[150,12993,12994,13000,13006,13012],{},[153,12995,12996,12999],{},[18,12997,12998],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[153,13001,13002,13005],{},[18,13003,13004],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[153,13007,13008,13011],{},[18,13009,13010],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[153,13013,13014,13017],{},[18,13015,13016],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[29,13019,2162],{"id":2161},[402,13021,13023,13024,13026],{"id":13022},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[18,13025,11637],{}," delete the dictionary?",[14,13028,13029],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[402,13031,5466,13033,13035],{"id":13032},"what-does-dictclear-return",[18,13034,11643],{}," return?",[14,13037,2206,13038,315],{},[18,13039,4099],{},[402,13041,5503,13043,895,13045,2822],{"id":13042},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[18,13044,11637],{},[18,13046,4113],{},[14,13048,13049,13051,13052,13054],{},[18,13050,11637],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[18,13053,4113],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[402,13056,13023,13058,13060],{"id":13057},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[18,13059,11637],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[14,13062,13063],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[29,13065,2229],{"id":2228},[150,13067,13068,13072,13076,13083,13090,13097,13102],{},[153,13069,13070],{},[189,13071,9471],{"href":9470},[153,13073,13074],{},[189,13075,11558],{"href":9706},[153,13077,13078],{},[189,13079,11051,13080,11055],{"href":12885},[18,13081,13082],{},"pop()",[153,13084,13085],{},[189,13086,11051,13087,11055],{"href":12899},[18,13088,13089],{},"popitem()",[153,13091,13092],{},[189,13093,11051,13094,11055],{"href":12750},[18,13095,13096],{},"copy()",[153,13098,13099],{},[189,13100,13101],{"href":12383},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[153,13103,13104],{},[189,13105,13106],{"href":12892},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2262,13108,13109],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":13111},[13112,13113,13115,13116,13117,13121,13126,13127,13129,13130,13140],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":11722,"depth":70,"text":13114},"What clear() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":11791,"depth":70,"text":11792},{"id":12020,"depth":70,"text":13118,"children":13119},"What clear() returns",[13120],{"id":12133,"depth":93,"text":12134},{"id":12313,"depth":70,"text":13122,"children":13123},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[13124,13125],{"id":11699,"depth":93,"text":11637},{"id":11766,"depth":93,"text":12366},{"id":12387,"depth":70,"text":12388},{"id":12756,"depth":70,"text":13128},"When to use clear()",{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":13131},[13132,13134,13136,13138],{"id":13022,"depth":93,"text":13133},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":13032,"depth":93,"text":13135},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":13042,"depth":93,"text":13137},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":13057,"depth":93,"text":13139},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11628,"description":13141},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":13148,"title":13149,"body":13150,"description":15319,"extension":2312,"meta":15320,"navigation":958,"path":15321,"seo":15322,"stem":15323,"__hash__":15324},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13151,"toc":15291},[13152,13157,13162,13172,13174,13263,13267,13308,13313,13320,13338,13347,13349,13370,13373,13385,13387,13466,13470,13511,13513,13516,13644,13648,13728,13731,13749,13752,13756,13762,13764,13775,13777,13972,13976,14082,14085,14103,14106,14113,14118,14122,14136,14138,14265,14269,14349,14362,14368,14371,14379,14383,14509,14513,14587,14592,14723,14727,14801,14804,14818,14822,14826,14840,14842,14978,14982,15051,15053,15058,15080,15083,15190,15193,15204,15211,15213,15219,15222,15229,15232,15239,15247,15251,15254,15256,15288],[10,13153,11634,13155,11638],{"id":13154},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[18,13156,13096],{},[14,13158,13159,13161],{},[18,13160,12753],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[14,13163,13164,13165,13167,13168,13171],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[18,13166,13096],{}," makes a ",[913,13169,13170],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[29,13173,32],{"id":31},[34,13175,13177],{"className":36,"code":13176,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[18,13178,13179,13217,13234,13238,13249],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,13180,13181,13184,13186,13188,13190,13192,13194,13196,13198,13201,13203,13205,13207,13209,13211,13213,13215],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,13182,13183],{"class":207},"student ",[43,13185,212],{"class":211},[43,13187,1649],{"class":53},[43,13189,82],{"class":81},[43,13191,7992],{"class":85},[43,13193,82],{"class":81},[43,13195,325],{"class":53},[43,13197,932],{"class":81},[43,13199,13200],{"class":85},"Ana",[43,13202,82],{"class":81},[43,13204,800],{"class":53},[43,13206,932],{"class":81},[43,13208,9615],{"class":85},[43,13210,82],{"class":81},[43,13212,325],{"class":53},[43,13214,8115],{"class":63},[43,13216,1667],{"class":53},[43,13218,13219,13222,13224,13227,13229,13232],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,13220,13221],{"class":207},"student_copy ",[43,13223,212],{"class":211},[43,13225,13226],{"class":207}," student",[43,13228,315],{"class":53},[43,13230,13231],{"class":236},"copy",[43,13233,1728],{"class":53},[43,13235,13236],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,13237,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,13239,13240,13242,13244,13247],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,13241,50],{"class":49},[43,13243,54],{"class":53},[43,13245,13246],{"class":236},"student_copy",[43,13248,227],{"class":53},[43,13250,13251,13253,13255,13257,13259,13261],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,13252,50],{"class":49},[43,13254,54],{"class":53},[43,13256,13221],{"class":236},[43,13258,12512],{"class":1927},[43,13260,13226],{"class":236},[43,13262,227],{"class":53},[14,13264,13265],{},[913,13266,110],{},[34,13268,13270],{"className":36,"code":13269,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[18,13271,13272,13304],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,13273,13274,13276,13278,13280,13282,13284,13286,13288,13290,13292,13294,13296,13298,13300,13302],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,13275,9594],{"class":53},[43,13277,283],{"class":81},[43,13279,7992],{"class":85},[43,13281,283],{"class":81},[43,13283,325],{"class":53},[43,13285,278],{"class":81},[43,13287,13200],{"class":85},[43,13289,283],{"class":81},[43,13291,800],{"class":53},[43,13293,278],{"class":81},[43,13295,9615],{"class":85},[43,13297,283],{"class":81},[43,13299,325],{"class":53},[43,13301,8115],{"class":63},[43,13303,1667],{"class":53},[43,13305,13306],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,13307,4362],{"class":104},[14,13309,133,13310,13312],{},[18,13311,13096],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[29,13314,13316,13317,13319],{"id":13315},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[18,13318,13096],{}," method does",[150,13321,13322,13327,13330,13335],{},[153,13323,13324,13326],{},[18,13325,12753],{}," returns a new dictionary",[153,13328,13329],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[153,13331,13332,13333],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[18,13334,13096],{},[153,13336,13337],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[14,13339,13340,13341,2172,13344,315],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[189,13342,9471],{"href":13343},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[189,13345,9707],{"href":13346},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[29,13348,290],{"id":289},[34,13350,13352],{"className":36,"code":13351,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[18,13353,13354],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,13355,13356,13359,13361,13364,13366,13368],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,13357,13358],{"class":207},"new_dict ",[43,13360,212],{"class":211},[43,13362,13363],{"class":207}," old_dict",[43,13365,315],{"class":53},[43,13367,13231],{"class":236},[43,13369,1728],{"class":53},[14,13371,13372],{},"Key points:",[150,13374,13375,13379,13382],{},[153,13376,13377,11782],{},[18,13378,13096],{},[153,13380,13381],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[153,13383,13384],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[14,13386,197],{},[34,13388,13390],{"className":36,"code":13389,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,13391,13392,13435,13451,13455],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,13393,13394,13397,13399,13401,13403,13405,13407,13409,13411,13414,13416,13418,13420,13422,13424,13426,13428,13431,13433],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,13395,13396],{"class":207},"colors ",[43,13398,212],{"class":211},[43,13400,1649],{"class":53},[43,13402,82],{"class":81},[43,13404,189],{"class":85},[43,13406,82],{"class":81},[43,13408,325],{"class":53},[43,13410,932],{"class":81},[43,13412,13413],{"class":85},"red",[43,13415,82],{"class":81},[43,13417,800],{"class":53},[43,13419,932],{"class":81},[43,13421,1231],{"class":85},[43,13423,82],{"class":81},[43,13425,325],{"class":53},[43,13427,932],{"class":81},[43,13429,13430],{"class":85},"blue",[43,13432,82],{"class":81},[43,13434,1667],{"class":53},[43,13436,13437,13440,13442,13445,13447,13449],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,13438,13439],{"class":207},"new_colors ",[43,13441,212],{"class":211},[43,13443,13444],{"class":207}," colors",[43,13446,315],{"class":53},[43,13448,13231],{"class":236},[43,13450,1728],{"class":53},[43,13452,13453],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,13454,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,13456,13457,13459,13461,13464],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,13458,50],{"class":49},[43,13460,54],{"class":53},[43,13462,13463],{"class":236},"new_colors",[43,13465,227],{"class":53},[14,13467,13468],{},[913,13469,110],{},[34,13471,13473],{"className":36,"code":13472,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[18,13474,13475],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,13476,13477,13479,13481,13483,13485,13487,13489,13491,13493,13495,13497,13499,13501,13503,13505,13507,13509],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,13478,9594],{"class":53},[43,13480,283],{"class":81},[43,13482,189],{"class":85},[43,13484,283],{"class":81},[43,13486,325],{"class":53},[43,13488,278],{"class":81},[43,13490,13413],{"class":85},[43,13492,283],{"class":81},[43,13494,800],{"class":53},[43,13496,278],{"class":81},[43,13498,1231],{"class":85},[43,13500,283],{"class":81},[43,13502,325],{"class":53},[43,13504,278],{"class":81},[43,13506,13430],{"class":85},[43,13508,283],{"class":81},[43,13510,1667],{"class":53},[29,13512,11792],{"id":11791},[14,13514,13515],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[34,13517,13519],{"className":36,"code":13518,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[18,13520,13521,13559,13575,13579,13601,13605,13624],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,13522,13523,13526,13528,13530,13532,13534,13536,13538,13540,13543,13545,13547,13549,13551,13553,13555,13557],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,13524,13525],{"class":207},"person ",[43,13527,212],{"class":211},[43,13529,1649],{"class":53},[43,13531,82],{"class":81},[43,13533,7992],{"class":85},[43,13535,82],{"class":81},[43,13537,325],{"class":53},[43,13539,932],{"class":81},[43,13541,13542],{"class":85},"Liam",[43,13544,82],{"class":81},[43,13546,800],{"class":53},[43,13548,932],{"class":81},[43,13550,9615],{"class":85},[43,13552,82],{"class":81},[43,13554,325],{"class":53},[43,13556,9622],{"class":63},[43,13558,1667],{"class":53},[43,13560,13561,13564,13566,13569,13571,13573],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,13562,13563],{"class":207},"person_copy ",[43,13565,212],{"class":211},[43,13567,13568],{"class":207}," person",[43,13570,315],{"class":53},[43,13572,13231],{"class":236},[43,13574,1728],{"class":53},[43,13576,13577],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,13578,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,13580,13581,13584,13586,13588,13590,13592,13595,13598],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,13582,13583],{"class":207},"person_copy",[43,13585,4221],{"class":53},[43,13587,82],{"class":81},[43,13589,9615],{"class":85},[43,13591,82],{"class":81},[43,13593,13594],{"class":53},"]",[43,13596,13597],{"class":211}," =",[43,13599,13600],{"class":63}," 26\n",[43,13602,13603],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,13604,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,13606,13607,13609,13611,13613,13616,13618,13620,13622],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,13608,50],{"class":49},[43,13610,54],{"class":53},[43,13612,82],{"class":81},[43,13614,13615],{"class":85},"Original:",[43,13617,82],{"class":81},[43,13619,800],{"class":53},[43,13621,13568],{"class":236},[43,13623,227],{"class":53},[43,13625,13626,13628,13630,13632,13635,13637,13639,13642],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,13627,50],{"class":49},[43,13629,54],{"class":53},[43,13631,82],{"class":81},[43,13633,13634],{"class":85},"Copy:",[43,13636,82],{"class":81},[43,13638,800],{"class":53},[43,13640,13641],{"class":236}," person_copy",[43,13643,227],{"class":53},[14,13645,13646],{},[913,13647,110],{},[34,13649,13651],{"className":36,"code":13650,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[18,13652,13653,13690],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,13654,13655,13658,13660,13662,13664,13666,13668,13670,13672,13674,13676,13678,13680,13682,13684,13686,13688],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,13656,13657],{"class":207},"Original",[43,13659,325],{"class":53},[43,13661,1649],{"class":53},[43,13663,283],{"class":81},[43,13665,7992],{"class":85},[43,13667,283],{"class":81},[43,13669,325],{"class":53},[43,13671,278],{"class":81},[43,13673,13542],{"class":85},[43,13675,283],{"class":81},[43,13677,800],{"class":53},[43,13679,278],{"class":81},[43,13681,9615],{"class":85},[43,13683,283],{"class":81},[43,13685,325],{"class":53},[43,13687,9622],{"class":63},[43,13689,1667],{"class":53},[43,13691,13692,13695,13697,13699,13701,13703,13705,13707,13709,13711,13713,13715,13717,13719,13721,13723,13726],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,13693,13694],{"class":207},"Copy",[43,13696,325],{"class":53},[43,13698,1649],{"class":53},[43,13700,283],{"class":81},[43,13702,7992],{"class":85},[43,13704,283],{"class":81},[43,13706,325],{"class":53},[43,13708,278],{"class":81},[43,13710,13542],{"class":85},[43,13712,283],{"class":81},[43,13714,800],{"class":53},[43,13716,278],{"class":81},[43,13718,9615],{"class":85},[43,13720,283],{"class":81},[43,13722,325],{"class":53},[43,13724,13725],{"class":63}," 26",[43,13727,1667],{"class":53},[14,13729,13730],{},"What happened here:",[150,13732,13733,13739,13746],{},[153,13734,13735,13738],{},[18,13736,13737],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[153,13740,13741,13742,13745],{},"Changing ",[18,13743,13744],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[153,13747,13748],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[14,13750,13751],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[29,13753,13755],{"id":13754},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[14,13757,13758,13167,13760,315],{},[18,13759,13096],{},[913,13761,13170],{},[14,13763,2453],{},[150,13765,13766,13769,13772],{},[153,13767,13768],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[153,13770,13771],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[153,13773,13774],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[14,13776,197],{},[34,13778,13780],{"className":36,"code":13779,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[18,13781,13782,13790,13808,13831,13835,13839,13853,13857,13882,13886,13904,13923,13938],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,13783,13784,13786,13788],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,13785,13183],{"class":207},[43,13787,212],{"class":211},[43,13789,11810],{"class":53},[43,13791,13792,13794,13796,13798,13800,13802,13804,13806],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,13793,11815],{"class":81},[43,13795,7992],{"class":85},[43,13797,82],{"class":81},[43,13799,325],{"class":53},[43,13801,932],{"class":81},[43,13803,13200],{"class":85},[43,13805,82],{"class":81},[43,13807,11831],{"class":53},[43,13809,13810,13812,13815,13817,13819,13821,13824,13826,13829],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,13811,11815],{"class":81},[43,13813,13814],{"class":85},"grades",[43,13816,82],{"class":81},[43,13818,325],{"class":53},[43,13820,3942],{"class":53},[43,13822,13823],{"class":63},"90",[43,13825,800],{"class":53},[43,13827,13828],{"class":63}," 85",[43,13830,3955],{"class":53},[43,13832,13833],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,13834,1667],{"class":53},[43,13836,13837],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,13838,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,13840,13841,13843,13845,13847,13849,13851],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,13842,13221],{"class":207},[43,13844,212],{"class":211},[43,13846,13226],{"class":207},[43,13848,315],{"class":53},[43,13850,13231],{"class":236},[43,13852,1728],{"class":53},[43,13854,13855],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,13856,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,13858,13859,13861,13863,13865,13867,13869,13872,13875,13877,13880],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,13860,13246],{"class":207},[43,13862,4221],{"class":53},[43,13864,82],{"class":81},[43,13866,13814],{"class":85},[43,13868,82],{"class":81},[43,13870,13871],{"class":53},"].",[43,13873,13874],{"class":236},"append",[43,13876,54],{"class":53},[43,13878,13879],{"class":63},"100",[43,13881,227],{"class":53},[43,13883,13884],{"class":45,"line":6756},[43,13885,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,13887,13888,13890,13892,13894,13896,13898,13900,13902],{"class":45,"line":6761},[43,13889,50],{"class":49},[43,13891,54],{"class":53},[43,13893,82],{"class":81},[43,13895,13615],{"class":85},[43,13897,82],{"class":81},[43,13899,800],{"class":53},[43,13901,13226],{"class":236},[43,13903,227],{"class":53},[43,13905,13906,13908,13910,13912,13914,13916,13918,13921],{"class":45,"line":11912},[43,13907,50],{"class":49},[43,13909,54],{"class":53},[43,13911,82],{"class":81},[43,13913,13634],{"class":85},[43,13915,82],{"class":81},[43,13917,800],{"class":53},[43,13919,13920],{"class":236}," student_copy",[43,13922,227],{"class":53},[43,13924,13926,13928,13930,13932,13934,13936],{"class":45,"line":13925},12,[43,13927,50],{"class":49},[43,13929,54],{"class":53},[43,13931,13183],{"class":236},[43,13933,12512],{"class":1927},[43,13935,13920],{"class":236},[43,13937,227],{"class":53},[43,13939,13941,13943,13945,13948,13950,13952,13954,13956,13958,13960,13962,13964,13966,13968,13970],{"class":45,"line":13940},13,[43,13942,50],{"class":49},[43,13944,54],{"class":53},[43,13946,13947],{"class":236},"student",[43,13949,4221],{"class":53},[43,13951,82],{"class":81},[43,13953,13814],{"class":85},[43,13955,82],{"class":81},[43,13957,13594],{"class":53},[43,13959,8421],{"class":1927},[43,13961,13920],{"class":236},[43,13963,4221],{"class":53},[43,13965,82],{"class":81},[43,13967,13814],{"class":85},[43,13969,82],{"class":81},[43,13971,4209],{"class":53},[14,13973,13974],{},[913,13975,110],{},[34,13977,13979],{"className":36,"code":13978,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,13980,13981,14028,14074,14078],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,13982,13983,13985,13987,13989,13991,13993,13995,13997,13999,14001,14003,14005,14007,14009,14011,14013,14015,14017,14019,14021,14023,14025],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,13984,13657],{"class":207},[43,13986,325],{"class":53},[43,13988,1649],{"class":53},[43,13990,283],{"class":81},[43,13992,7992],{"class":85},[43,13994,283],{"class":81},[43,13996,325],{"class":53},[43,13998,278],{"class":81},[43,14000,13200],{"class":85},[43,14002,283],{"class":81},[43,14004,800],{"class":53},[43,14006,278],{"class":81},[43,14008,13814],{"class":85},[43,14010,283],{"class":81},[43,14012,325],{"class":53},[43,14014,3942],{"class":53},[43,14016,13823],{"class":63},[43,14018,800],{"class":53},[43,14020,13828],{"class":63},[43,14022,800],{"class":53},[43,14024,10434],{"class":63},[43,14026,14027],{"class":53},"]}\n",[43,14029,14030,14032,14034,14036,14038,14040,14042,14044,14046,14048,14050,14052,14054,14056,14058,14060,14062,14064,14066,14068,14070,14072],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,14031,13694],{"class":207},[43,14033,325],{"class":53},[43,14035,1649],{"class":53},[43,14037,283],{"class":81},[43,14039,7992],{"class":85},[43,14041,283],{"class":81},[43,14043,325],{"class":53},[43,14045,278],{"class":81},[43,14047,13200],{"class":85},[43,14049,283],{"class":81},[43,14051,800],{"class":53},[43,14053,278],{"class":81},[43,14055,13814],{"class":85},[43,14057,283],{"class":81},[43,14059,325],{"class":53},[43,14061,3942],{"class":53},[43,14063,13823],{"class":63},[43,14065,800],{"class":53},[43,14067,13828],{"class":63},[43,14069,800],{"class":53},[43,14071,10434],{"class":63},[43,14073,14027],{"class":53},[43,14075,14076],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,14077,4362],{"class":104},[43,14079,14080],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,14081,4301],{"class":104},[14,14083,14084],{},"Notice the difference:",[150,14086,14087,14095],{},[153,14088,14089,5106,14092,14094],{},[18,14090,14091],{},"student is student_copy",[18,14093,613],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[153,14096,14097,5106,14100,14102],{},[18,14098,14099],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[18,14101,105],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[14,14104,14105],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[14,14107,14108,14109,315],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[189,14110,14112],{"href":14111},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[29,14114,5284,14116],{"id":14115},"when-to-use-copy",[18,14117,13096],{},[14,14119,133,14120,10916],{},[18,14121,13096],{},[150,14123,14124,14127,14130,14133],{},[153,14125,14126],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[153,14128,14129],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[153,14131,14132],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[153,14134,14135],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[14,14137,197],{},[34,14139,14141],{"className":36,"code":14140,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[18,14142,14143,14182,14198,14202,14222,14226,14245],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,14144,14145,14148,14150,14152,14154,14156,14158,14160,14162,14164,14166,14168,14170,14173,14175,14177,14180],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,14146,14147],{"class":207},"settings ",[43,14149,212],{"class":211},[43,14151,1649],{"class":53},[43,14153,82],{"class":81},[43,14155,12813],{"class":85},[43,14157,82],{"class":81},[43,14159,325],{"class":53},[43,14161,932],{"class":81},[43,14163,12822],{"class":85},[43,14165,82],{"class":81},[43,14167,800],{"class":53},[43,14169,932],{"class":81},[43,14171,14172],{"class":85},"font_size",[43,14174,82],{"class":81},[43,14176,325],{"class":53},[43,14178,14179],{"class":63}," 14",[43,14181,1667],{"class":53},[43,14183,14184,14187,14189,14192,14194,14196],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,14185,14186],{"class":207},"settings_backup ",[43,14188,212],{"class":211},[43,14190,14191],{"class":207}," settings",[43,14193,315],{"class":53},[43,14195,13231],{"class":236},[43,14197,1728],{"class":53},[43,14199,14200],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,14201,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,14203,14204,14207,14209,14211,14213,14215,14217,14219],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,14205,14206],{"class":207},"settings",[43,14208,4221],{"class":53},[43,14210,82],{"class":81},[43,14212,14172],{"class":85},[43,14214,82],{"class":81},[43,14216,13594],{"class":53},[43,14218,13597],{"class":211},[43,14220,14221],{"class":63}," 16\n",[43,14223,14224],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,14225,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,14227,14228,14230,14232,14234,14237,14239,14241,14243],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,14229,50],{"class":49},[43,14231,54],{"class":53},[43,14233,82],{"class":81},[43,14235,14236],{"class":85},"Current:",[43,14238,82],{"class":81},[43,14240,800],{"class":53},[43,14242,14191],{"class":236},[43,14244,227],{"class":53},[43,14246,14247,14249,14251,14253,14256,14258,14260,14263],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,14248,50],{"class":49},[43,14250,54],{"class":53},[43,14252,82],{"class":81},[43,14254,14255],{"class":85},"Backup:",[43,14257,82],{"class":81},[43,14259,800],{"class":53},[43,14261,14262],{"class":236}," settings_backup",[43,14264,227],{"class":53},[14,14266,14267],{},[913,14268,110],{},[34,14270,14272],{"className":36,"code":14271,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[18,14273,14274,14312],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,14275,14276,14279,14281,14283,14285,14287,14289,14291,14293,14295,14297,14299,14301,14303,14305,14307,14310],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,14277,14278],{"class":207},"Current",[43,14280,325],{"class":53},[43,14282,1649],{"class":53},[43,14284,283],{"class":81},[43,14286,12813],{"class":85},[43,14288,283],{"class":81},[43,14290,325],{"class":53},[43,14292,278],{"class":81},[43,14294,12822],{"class":85},[43,14296,283],{"class":81},[43,14298,800],{"class":53},[43,14300,278],{"class":81},[43,14302,14172],{"class":85},[43,14304,283],{"class":81},[43,14306,325],{"class":53},[43,14308,14309],{"class":63}," 16",[43,14311,1667],{"class":53},[43,14313,14314,14317,14319,14321,14323,14325,14327,14329,14331,14333,14335,14337,14339,14341,14343,14345,14347],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,14315,14316],{"class":207},"Backup",[43,14318,325],{"class":53},[43,14320,1649],{"class":53},[43,14322,283],{"class":81},[43,14324,12813],{"class":85},[43,14326,283],{"class":81},[43,14328,325],{"class":53},[43,14330,278],{"class":81},[43,14332,12822],{"class":85},[43,14334,283],{"class":81},[43,14336,800],{"class":53},[43,14338,278],{"class":81},[43,14340,14172],{"class":85},[43,14342,283],{"class":81},[43,14344,325],{"class":53},[43,14346,14179],{"class":63},[43,14348,1667],{"class":53},[14,14350,14351,14352,2172,14358,315],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[189,14353,14355],{"href":14354},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[18,14356,14357],{},"dict.update()",[189,14359,14360],{"href":13143},[18,14361,11643],{},[29,14363,14365,14367],{"id":14364},"copy-vs-assignment",[18,14366,13096],{}," vs assignment",[14,14369,14370],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[14,14372,8738,14373,14375,14376,14378],{},[18,14374,212],{}," does ",[913,14377,734],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[402,14380,14382],{"id":14381},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[34,14384,14386],{"className":36,"code":14385,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[18,14387,14388,14420,14429,14433,14453,14457,14475,14495],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,14389,14390,14392,14394,14396,14398,14400,14402,14404,14406,14408,14410,14412,14414,14416,14418],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,14391,12404],{"class":207},[43,14393,212],{"class":211},[43,14395,1649],{"class":53},[43,14397,82],{"class":81},[43,14399,2519],{"class":85},[43,14401,82],{"class":81},[43,14403,325],{"class":53},[43,14405,5823],{"class":63},[43,14407,800],{"class":53},[43,14409,932],{"class":81},[43,14411,12063],{"class":85},[43,14413,82],{"class":81},[43,14415,325],{"class":53},[43,14417,803],{"class":63},[43,14419,1667],{"class":53},[43,14421,14422,14425,14427],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,14423,14424],{"class":207},"assigned ",[43,14426,212],{"class":211},[43,14428,12442],{"class":207},[43,14430,14431],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,14432,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,14434,14435,14438,14440,14442,14444,14446,14448,14450],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,14436,14437],{"class":207},"assigned",[43,14439,4221],{"class":53},[43,14441,82],{"class":81},[43,14443,2519],{"class":85},[43,14445,82],{"class":81},[43,14447,13594],{"class":53},[43,14449,13597],{"class":211},[43,14451,14452],{"class":63}," 99\n",[43,14454,14455],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,14456,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,14458,14459,14461,14463,14465,14467,14469,14471,14473],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,14460,50],{"class":49},[43,14462,54],{"class":53},[43,14464,82],{"class":81},[43,14466,13615],{"class":85},[43,14468,82],{"class":81},[43,14470,800],{"class":53},[43,14472,12479],{"class":236},[43,14474,227],{"class":53},[43,14476,14477,14479,14481,14483,14486,14488,14490,14493],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,14478,50],{"class":49},[43,14480,54],{"class":53},[43,14482,82],{"class":81},[43,14484,14485],{"class":85},"Assigned:",[43,14487,82],{"class":81},[43,14489,800],{"class":53},[43,14491,14492],{"class":236}," assigned",[43,14494,227],{"class":53},[43,14496,14497,14499,14501,14503,14505,14507],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,14498,50],{"class":49},[43,14500,54],{"class":53},[43,14502,12404],{"class":236},[43,14504,12512],{"class":1927},[43,14506,14492],{"class":236},[43,14508,227],{"class":53},[14,14510,14511],{},[913,14512,110],{},[34,14514,14516],{"className":36,"code":14515,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[18,14517,14518,14550,14583],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,14519,14520,14522,14524,14526,14528,14530,14532,14534,14536,14538,14540,14542,14544,14546,14548],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,14521,13657],{"class":207},[43,14523,325],{"class":53},[43,14525,1649],{"class":53},[43,14527,283],{"class":81},[43,14529,2519],{"class":85},[43,14531,283],{"class":81},[43,14533,325],{"class":53},[43,14535,10513],{"class":63},[43,14537,800],{"class":53},[43,14539,278],{"class":81},[43,14541,12063],{"class":85},[43,14543,283],{"class":81},[43,14545,325],{"class":53},[43,14547,803],{"class":63},[43,14549,1667],{"class":53},[43,14551,14552,14555,14557,14559,14561,14563,14565,14567,14569,14571,14573,14575,14577,14579,14581],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,14553,14554],{"class":207},"Assigned",[43,14556,325],{"class":53},[43,14558,1649],{"class":53},[43,14560,283],{"class":81},[43,14562,2519],{"class":85},[43,14564,283],{"class":81},[43,14566,325],{"class":53},[43,14568,10513],{"class":63},[43,14570,800],{"class":53},[43,14572,278],{"class":81},[43,14574,12063],{"class":85},[43,14576,283],{"class":81},[43,14578,325],{"class":53},[43,14580,803],{"class":63},[43,14582,1667],{"class":53},[43,14584,14585],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,14586,4301],{"class":104},[402,14588,8738,14590],{"id":14589},"using-copy",[18,14591,13096],{},[34,14593,14595],{"className":36,"code":14594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[18,14596,14597,14629,14644,14648,14667,14671,14689,14709],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,14598,14599,14601,14603,14605,14607,14609,14611,14613,14615,14617,14619,14621,14623,14625,14627],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,14600,12404],{"class":207},[43,14602,212],{"class":211},[43,14604,1649],{"class":53},[43,14606,82],{"class":81},[43,14608,2519],{"class":85},[43,14610,82],{"class":81},[43,14612,325],{"class":53},[43,14614,5823],{"class":63},[43,14616,800],{"class":53},[43,14618,932],{"class":81},[43,14620,12063],{"class":85},[43,14622,82],{"class":81},[43,14624,325],{"class":53},[43,14626,803],{"class":63},[43,14628,1667],{"class":53},[43,14630,14631,14634,14636,14638,14640,14642],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,14632,14633],{"class":207},"copied ",[43,14635,212],{"class":211},[43,14637,12479],{"class":207},[43,14639,315],{"class":53},[43,14641,13231],{"class":236},[43,14643,1728],{"class":53},[43,14645,14646],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,14647,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,14649,14650,14653,14655,14657,14659,14661,14663,14665],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,14651,14652],{"class":207},"copied",[43,14654,4221],{"class":53},[43,14656,82],{"class":81},[43,14658,2519],{"class":85},[43,14660,82],{"class":81},[43,14662,13594],{"class":53},[43,14664,13597],{"class":211},[43,14666,14452],{"class":63},[43,14668,14669],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,14670,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,14672,14673,14675,14677,14679,14681,14683,14685,14687],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,14674,50],{"class":49},[43,14676,54],{"class":53},[43,14678,82],{"class":81},[43,14680,13615],{"class":85},[43,14682,82],{"class":81},[43,14684,800],{"class":53},[43,14686,12479],{"class":236},[43,14688,227],{"class":53},[43,14690,14691,14693,14695,14697,14700,14702,14704,14707],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,14692,50],{"class":49},[43,14694,54],{"class":53},[43,14696,82],{"class":81},[43,14698,14699],{"class":85},"Copied:",[43,14701,82],{"class":81},[43,14703,800],{"class":53},[43,14705,14706],{"class":236}," copied",[43,14708,227],{"class":53},[43,14710,14711,14713,14715,14717,14719,14721],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,14712,50],{"class":49},[43,14714,54],{"class":53},[43,14716,12404],{"class":236},[43,14718,12512],{"class":1927},[43,14720,14706],{"class":236},[43,14722,227],{"class":53},[14,14724,14725],{},[913,14726,110],{},[34,14728,14730],{"className":36,"code":14729,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[18,14731,14732,14764,14797],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,14733,14734,14736,14738,14740,14742,14744,14746,14748,14750,14752,14754,14756,14758,14760,14762],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,14735,13657],{"class":207},[43,14737,325],{"class":53},[43,14739,1649],{"class":53},[43,14741,283],{"class":81},[43,14743,2519],{"class":85},[43,14745,283],{"class":81},[43,14747,325],{"class":53},[43,14749,5823],{"class":63},[43,14751,800],{"class":53},[43,14753,278],{"class":81},[43,14755,12063],{"class":85},[43,14757,283],{"class":81},[43,14759,325],{"class":53},[43,14761,803],{"class":63},[43,14763,1667],{"class":53},[43,14765,14766,14769,14771,14773,14775,14777,14779,14781,14783,14785,14787,14789,14791,14793,14795],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,14767,14768],{"class":207},"Copied",[43,14770,325],{"class":53},[43,14772,1649],{"class":53},[43,14774,283],{"class":81},[43,14776,2519],{"class":85},[43,14778,283],{"class":81},[43,14780,325],{"class":53},[43,14782,10513],{"class":63},[43,14784,800],{"class":53},[43,14786,278],{"class":81},[43,14788,12063],{"class":85},[43,14790,283],{"class":81},[43,14792,325],{"class":53},[43,14794,803],{"class":63},[43,14796,1667],{"class":53},[43,14798,14799],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,14800,4362],{"class":104},[14,14802,14803],{},"Summary:",[150,14805,14806,14812],{},[153,14807,14808,14811],{},[18,14809,14810],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[153,14813,14814,14817],{},[18,14815,14816],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[29,14819,14821],{"id":14820},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[14,14823,14824,325],{},[18,14825,13096],{},[150,14827,14828,14831,14834,14837],{},[153,14829,14830],{},"Returns a dictionary",[153,14832,14833],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[153,14835,14836],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[153,14838,14839],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[14,14841,197],{},[34,14843,14845],{"className":36,"code":14844,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[18,14846,14847,14879,14895,14899,14917,14937,14941,14959],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,14848,14849,14851,14853,14855,14857,14859,14861,14863,14865,14867,14869,14871,14873,14875,14877],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,14850,9481],{"class":207},[43,14852,212],{"class":211},[43,14854,1649],{"class":53},[43,14856,82],{"class":81},[43,14858,189],{"class":85},[43,14860,82],{"class":81},[43,14862,325],{"class":53},[43,14864,5823],{"class":63},[43,14866,800],{"class":53},[43,14868,932],{"class":81},[43,14870,1231],{"class":85},[43,14872,82],{"class":81},[43,14874,325],{"class":53},[43,14876,803],{"class":63},[43,14878,1667],{"class":53},[43,14880,14881,14884,14886,14889,14891,14893],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,14882,14883],{"class":207},"data_copy ",[43,14885,212],{"class":211},[43,14887,14888],{"class":207}," data",[43,14890,315],{"class":53},[43,14892,13231],{"class":236},[43,14894,1728],{"class":53},[43,14896,14897],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,14898,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,14900,14901,14903,14905,14907,14909,14911,14913,14915],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,14902,9520],{"class":207},[43,14904,4221],{"class":53},[43,14906,82],{"class":81},[43,14908,189],{"class":85},[43,14910,82],{"class":81},[43,14912,13594],{"class":53},[43,14914,13597],{"class":211},[43,14916,2916],{"class":63},[43,14918,14919,14922,14924,14926,14928,14930,14932,14934],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,14920,14921],{"class":207},"data_copy",[43,14923,4221],{"class":53},[43,14925,82],{"class":81},[43,14927,1231],{"class":85},[43,14929,82],{"class":81},[43,14931,13594],{"class":53},[43,14933,13597],{"class":211},[43,14935,14936],{"class":63}," 20\n",[43,14938,14939],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,14940,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,14942,14943,14945,14947,14949,14951,14953,14955,14957],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,14944,50],{"class":49},[43,14946,54],{"class":53},[43,14948,82],{"class":81},[43,14950,13615],{"class":85},[43,14952,82],{"class":81},[43,14954,800],{"class":53},[43,14956,14888],{"class":236},[43,14958,227],{"class":53},[43,14960,14961,14963,14965,14967,14969,14971,14973,14976],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,14962,50],{"class":49},[43,14964,54],{"class":53},[43,14966,82],{"class":81},[43,14968,13634],{"class":85},[43,14970,82],{"class":81},[43,14972,800],{"class":53},[43,14974,14975],{"class":236}," data_copy",[43,14977,227],{"class":53},[14,14979,14980],{},[913,14981,110],{},[34,14983,14985],{"className":36,"code":14984,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[18,14986,14987,15019],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,14988,14989,14991,14993,14995,14997,14999,15001,15003,15005,15007,15009,15011,15013,15015,15017],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,14990,13657],{"class":207},[43,14992,325],{"class":53},[43,14994,1649],{"class":53},[43,14996,283],{"class":81},[43,14998,189],{"class":85},[43,15000,283],{"class":81},[43,15002,325],{"class":53},[43,15004,6331],{"class":63},[43,15006,800],{"class":53},[43,15008,278],{"class":81},[43,15010,1231],{"class":85},[43,15012,283],{"class":81},[43,15014,325],{"class":53},[43,15016,803],{"class":63},[43,15018,1667],{"class":53},[43,15020,15021,15023,15025,15027,15029,15031,15033,15035,15037,15039,15041,15043,15045,15047,15049],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,15022,13694],{"class":207},[43,15024,325],{"class":53},[43,15026,1649],{"class":53},[43,15028,283],{"class":81},[43,15030,189],{"class":85},[43,15032,283],{"class":81},[43,15034,325],{"class":53},[43,15036,5823],{"class":63},[43,15038,800],{"class":53},[43,15040,278],{"class":81},[43,15042,1231],{"class":85},[43,15044,283],{"class":81},[43,15046,325],{"class":53},[43,15048,8115],{"class":63},[43,15050,1667],{"class":53},[29,15052,3160],{"id":3159},[14,15054,15055,15056,325],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[18,15057,12753],{},[150,15059,15060,15067,15072,15077],{},[153,15061,8738,15062,11407,15064,15066],{},[18,15063,212],{},[18,15065,13096],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[153,15068,4903,15069,15071],{},[18,15070,13096],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[153,15073,15074,15075],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[18,15076,13096],{},[153,15078,15079],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[14,15081,15082],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[34,15084,15086],{"className":36,"code":15085,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[18,15087,15088,15098,15108,15122,15145,15168],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,15089,15090,15092,15094,15096],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,15091,50],{"class":49},[43,15093,54],{"class":53},[43,15095,12451],{"class":236},[43,15097,227],{"class":53},[43,15099,15100,15102,15104,15106],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,15101,50],{"class":49},[43,15103,54],{"class":53},[43,15105,14652],{"class":236},[43,15107,227],{"class":53},[43,15109,15110,15112,15114,15116,15118,15120],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,15111,50],{"class":49},[43,15113,54],{"class":53},[43,15115,12404],{"class":236},[43,15117,12512],{"class":1927},[43,15119,14706],{"class":236},[43,15121,227],{"class":53},[43,15123,15124,15126,15128,15130,15132,15134,15136,15139,15141,15143],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,15125,50],{"class":49},[43,15127,54],{"class":53},[43,15129,12968],{"class":49},[43,15131,54],{"class":53},[43,15133,12451],{"class":236},[43,15135,9549],{"class":53},[43,15137,15138],{"class":49}," id",[43,15140,54],{"class":53},[43,15142,14652],{"class":236},[43,15144,67],{"class":53},[43,15146,15147,15149,15151,15153,15155,15157,15159,15161,15164,15166],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,15148,50],{"class":49},[43,15150,54],{"class":53},[43,15152,12968],{"class":49},[43,15154,54],{"class":53},[43,15156,12451],{"class":236},[43,15158,4221],{"class":53},[43,15160,82],{"class":81},[43,15162,15163],{"class":85},"key",[43,15165,82],{"class":81},[43,15167,811],{"class":53},[43,15169,15170,15172,15174,15176,15178,15180,15182,15184,15186,15188],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,15171,50],{"class":49},[43,15173,54],{"class":53},[43,15175,12968],{"class":49},[43,15177,54],{"class":53},[43,15179,14652],{"class":236},[43,15181,4221],{"class":53},[43,15183,82],{"class":81},[43,15185,15163],{"class":85},[43,15187,82],{"class":81},[43,15189,811],{"class":53},[14,15191,15192],{},"What these help you check:",[150,15194,15195,15198,15201],{},[153,15196,15197],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[153,15199,15200],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[153,15202,15203],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[14,15205,15206,15207,315],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[189,15208,15210],{"href":15209},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[29,15212,2162],{"id":2161},[402,15214,13023,15216,15218],{"id":15215},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,15217,12753],{}," change the original dictionary?",[14,15220,15221],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[402,15223,15225,15226,15228],{"id":15224},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[18,15227,12753],{}," a deep copy?",[14,15230,15231],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[402,15233,5503,15235,895,15237,2822],{"id":15234},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[18,15236,13096],{},[18,15238,212],{},[14,15240,15241,15243,15244,15246],{},[18,15242,13096],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[18,15245,212],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[402,15248,15250],{"id":15249},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[14,15252,15253],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[29,15255,2229],{"id":2228},[150,15257,15258,15262,15266,15270,15277,15283],{},[153,15259,15260],{},[189,15261,11558],{"href":13346},[153,15263,15264],{},[189,15265,9471],{"href":13343},[153,15267,15268],{},[189,15269,14112],{"href":14111},[153,15271,15272],{},[189,15273,11051,15274,11055],{"href":14354},[18,15275,15276],{},"update()",[153,15278,15279],{},[189,15280,11051,15281,11055],{"href":13143},[18,15282,11637],{},[153,15284,15285],{},[189,15286,15287],{"href":15209},"How to copy a list in Python",[2262,15289,15290],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":15292},[15293,15294,15296,15297,15298,15299,15301,15307,15308,15309,15318],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":13315,"depth":70,"text":15295},"What the copy() method does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":11791,"depth":70,"text":11792},{"id":13754,"depth":70,"text":13755},{"id":14115,"depth":70,"text":15300},"When to use copy()",{"id":14364,"depth":70,"text":15302,"children":15303},"copy() vs assignment",[15304,15305],{"id":14381,"depth":93,"text":14382},{"id":14589,"depth":93,"text":15306},"Using copy()",{"id":14820,"depth":70,"text":14821},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":15310},[15311,15313,15315,15317],{"id":15215,"depth":93,"text":15312},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15224,"depth":93,"text":15314},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15234,"depth":93,"text":15316},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15249,"depth":93,"text":15250},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":13149,"description":15319},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15326,"title":15327,"body":15328,"description":17526,"extension":2312,"meta":17527,"navigation":958,"path":13346,"seo":17528,"stem":17529,"__hash__":17530},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15329,"toc":17488},[15330,15333,15339,15348,15350,15426,15430,15479,15482,15486,15500,15503,15507,15519,15522,15555,15569,15572,15584,15588,15591,15599,15679,15683,15736,15740,15758,15760,15842,15845,15847,15850,15853,15876,15900,15904,15912,15915,15919,15928,15933,15991,15995,16028,16034,16040,16043,16098,16102,16152,16155,16161,16164,16172,16174,16219,16224,16233,16236,16239,16286,16288,16293,16296,16390,16394,16447,16450,16506,16509,16513,16516,16530,16534,16600,16604,16629,16632,16636,16714,16718,16721,16724,16744,16747,16800,16804,16807,16810,16823,16825,16914,16921,16924,16935,16937,16940,16960,16964,16967,16976,16979,17018,17022,17024,17033,17042,17044,17082,17086,17133,17137,17158,17162,17165,17277,17282,17380,17402,17404,17408,17415,17419,17425,17429,17432,17436,17439,17446,17454,17456,17482,17485],[10,15331,15327],{"id":15332},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[14,15334,15335,15336,15338],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[913,15337,9447],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[14,15340,15341,15342,2172,15344,315],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[189,15343,9471],{"href":9470},[189,15345,15347],{"href":15346},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[29,15349,32],{"id":31},[34,15351,15353],{"className":36,"code":15352,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,15354,15355,15363,15381,15395,15408,15412,15416],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,15356,15357,15359,15361],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,15358,13183],{"class":207},[43,15360,212],{"class":211},[43,15362,11810],{"class":53},[43,15364,15365,15367,15369,15371,15373,15375,15377,15379],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,15366,11815],{"class":81},[43,15368,7992],{"class":85},[43,15370,82],{"class":81},[43,15372,325],{"class":53},[43,15374,932],{"class":81},[43,15376,13200],{"class":85},[43,15378,82],{"class":81},[43,15380,11831],{"class":53},[43,15382,15383,15385,15387,15389,15391,15393],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,15384,11815],{"class":81},[43,15386,9615],{"class":85},[43,15388,82],{"class":81},[43,15390,325],{"class":53},[43,15392,8115],{"class":63},[43,15394,11831],{"class":53},[43,15396,15397,15399,15402,15404,15406],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,15398,11815],{"class":81},[43,15400,15401],{"class":85},"is_active",[43,15403,82],{"class":81},[43,15405,325],{"class":53},[43,15407,6748],{"class":104},[43,15409,15410],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,15411,1667],{"class":53},[43,15413,15414],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,15415,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,15417,15418,15420,15422,15424],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,15419,50],{"class":49},[43,15421,54],{"class":53},[43,15423,13947],{"class":236},[43,15425,227],{"class":53},[14,15427,15428],{},[913,15429,110],{},[34,15431,15433],{"className":36,"code":15432,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[18,15434,15435],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,15436,15437,15439,15441,15443,15445,15447,15449,15451,15453,15455,15457,15459,15461,15463,15465,15467,15469,15471,15473,15475,15477],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,15438,9594],{"class":53},[43,15440,283],{"class":81},[43,15442,7992],{"class":85},[43,15444,283],{"class":81},[43,15446,325],{"class":53},[43,15448,278],{"class":81},[43,15450,13200],{"class":85},[43,15452,283],{"class":81},[43,15454,800],{"class":53},[43,15456,278],{"class":81},[43,15458,9615],{"class":85},[43,15460,283],{"class":81},[43,15462,325],{"class":53},[43,15464,8115],{"class":63},[43,15466,800],{"class":53},[43,15468,278],{"class":81},[43,15470,15401],{"class":85},[43,15472,283],{"class":81},[43,15474,325],{"class":53},[43,15476,4237],{"class":104},[43,15478,1667],{"class":53},[14,15480,15481],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[29,15483,15485],{"id":15484},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[150,15487,15488,15491,15494,15497],{},[153,15489,15490],{},"What a dictionary is",[153,15492,15493],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[153,15495,15496],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[153,15498,15499],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[29,15501,15490],{"id":15502},"what-a-dictionary-is",[14,15504,9444,15505,315],{},[913,15506,9447],{},[150,15508,15509,15514],{},[153,15510,1549,15511,15513],{},[913,15512,15163],{}," is the label",[153,15515,1549,15516,15518],{},[913,15517,307],{}," is the data connected to that label",[14,15520,15521],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[34,15523,15525],{"className":36,"code":15524,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[18,15526,15527,15535,15551],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,15528,15529,15531,15533],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,15530,13183],{"class":207},[43,15532,212],{"class":211},[43,15534,11810],{"class":53},[43,15536,15537,15539,15541,15543,15545,15547,15549],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,15538,11815],{"class":81},[43,15540,7992],{"class":85},[43,15542,82],{"class":81},[43,15544,325],{"class":53},[43,15546,932],{"class":81},[43,15548,13200],{"class":85},[43,15550,938],{"class":81},[43,15552,15553],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,15554,1667],{"class":53},[150,15556,15557,15563],{},[153,15558,15559,15562],{},[18,15560,15561],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[153,15564,15565,15568],{},[18,15566,15567],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[14,15570,15571],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[150,15573,15574,15576,15578,15581],{},[153,15575,7992],{},[153,15577,9615],{},[153,15579,15580],{},"email",[153,15582,15583],{},"country",[29,15585,15587],{"id":15586},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[14,15589,15590],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[14,15592,133,15593,15595,15596,315],{},[18,15594,4113],{}," and write each item as ",[18,15597,15598],{},"key: value",[34,15600,15602],{"className":36,"code":15601,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,15603,15604,15612,15630,15644,15661,15665,15669],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,15605,15606,15608,15610],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,15607,13183],{"class":207},[43,15609,212],{"class":211},[43,15611,11810],{"class":53},[43,15613,15614,15616,15618,15620,15622,15624,15626,15628],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,15615,11815],{"class":81},[43,15617,7992],{"class":85},[43,15619,82],{"class":81},[43,15621,325],{"class":53},[43,15623,932],{"class":81},[43,15625,13200],{"class":85},[43,15627,82],{"class":81},[43,15629,11831],{"class":53},[43,15631,15632,15634,15636,15638,15640,15642],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,15633,11815],{"class":81},[43,15635,9615],{"class":85},[43,15637,82],{"class":81},[43,15639,325],{"class":53},[43,15641,8115],{"class":63},[43,15643,11831],{"class":53},[43,15645,15646,15648,15651,15653,15655,15657,15659],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,15647,11815],{"class":81},[43,15649,15650],{"class":85},"course",[43,15652,82],{"class":81},[43,15654,325],{"class":53},[43,15656,932],{"class":81},[43,15658,7621],{"class":85},[43,15660,938],{"class":81},[43,15662,15663],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,15664,1667],{"class":53},[43,15666,15667],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,15668,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,15670,15671,15673,15675,15677],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,15672,50],{"class":49},[43,15674,54],{"class":53},[43,15676,13947],{"class":236},[43,15678,227],{"class":53},[14,15680,15681],{},[913,15682,110],{},[34,15684,15686],{"className":36,"code":15685,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[18,15687,15688],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,15689,15690,15692,15694,15696,15698,15700,15702,15704,15706,15708,15710,15712,15714,15716,15718,15720,15722,15724,15726,15728,15730,15732,15734],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,15691,9594],{"class":53},[43,15693,283],{"class":81},[43,15695,7992],{"class":85},[43,15697,283],{"class":81},[43,15699,325],{"class":53},[43,15701,278],{"class":81},[43,15703,13200],{"class":85},[43,15705,283],{"class":81},[43,15707,800],{"class":53},[43,15709,278],{"class":81},[43,15711,9615],{"class":85},[43,15713,283],{"class":81},[43,15715,325],{"class":53},[43,15717,8115],{"class":63},[43,15719,800],{"class":53},[43,15721,278],{"class":81},[43,15723,15650],{"class":85},[43,15725,283],{"class":81},[43,15727,325],{"class":53},[43,15729,278],{"class":81},[43,15731,7621],{"class":85},[43,15733,283],{"class":81},[43,15735,1667],{"class":53},[402,15737,15739],{"id":15738},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[150,15741,15742,15747,15752,15755],{},[153,15743,133,15744,15746],{},[18,15745,4113],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[153,15748,15749,15750],{},"Write each item as ",[18,15751,15598],{},[153,15753,15754],{},"Separate items with commas",[153,15756,15757],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[14,15759,197],{},[34,15761,15763],{"className":36,"code":15762,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[18,15764,15765,15774,15794,15810,15823,15827,15831],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,15766,15767,15770,15772],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,15768,15769],{"class":207},"book ",[43,15771,212],{"class":211},[43,15773,11810],{"class":53},[43,15775,15776,15778,15781,15783,15785,15787,15790,15792],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,15777,11815],{"class":81},[43,15779,15780],{"class":85},"title",[43,15782,82],{"class":81},[43,15784,325],{"class":53},[43,15786,932],{"class":81},[43,15788,15789],{"class":85},"Python Basics",[43,15791,82],{"class":81},[43,15793,11831],{"class":53},[43,15795,15796,15798,15801,15803,15805,15808],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,15797,11815],{"class":81},[43,15799,15800],{"class":85},"pages",[43,15802,82],{"class":81},[43,15804,325],{"class":53},[43,15806,15807],{"class":63}," 150",[43,15809,11831],{"class":53},[43,15811,15812,15814,15817,15819,15821],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,15813,11815],{"class":81},[43,15815,15816],{"class":85},"available",[43,15818,82],{"class":81},[43,15820,325],{"class":53},[43,15822,6748],{"class":104},[43,15824,15825],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,15826,1667],{"class":53},[43,15828,15829],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,15830,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,15832,15833,15835,15837,15840],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,15834,50],{"class":49},[43,15836,54],{"class":53},[43,15838,15839],{"class":236},"book",[43,15841,227],{"class":53},[14,15843,15844],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[29,15846,9718],{"id":9717},[14,15848,15849],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[14,15851,15852],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[34,15854,15856],{"className":36,"code":15855,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[18,15857,15858,15866],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,15859,15860,15862,15864],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,15861,9481],{"class":207},[43,15863,212],{"class":211},[43,15865,10154],{"class":53},[43,15867,15868,15870,15872,15874],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,15869,50],{"class":49},[43,15871,54],{"class":53},[43,15873,9520],{"class":236},[43,15875,227],{"class":53},[34,15877,15878],{"className":36,"code":9721,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,15879,15880,15890],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,15881,15882,15884,15886,15888],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,15883,9481],{"class":207},[43,15885,212],{"class":211},[43,15887,9486],{"class":57},[43,15889,1728],{"class":53},[43,15891,15892,15894,15896,15898],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,15893,50],{"class":49},[43,15895,54],{"class":53},[43,15897,9520],{"class":236},[43,15899,227],{"class":53},[14,15901,15902],{},[913,15903,110],{},[34,15905,15906],{"className":36,"code":9750,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,15907,15908],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,15909,15910],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,15911,9750],{"class":53},[14,15913,15914],{},"Both are correct.",[402,15916,15918],{"id":15917},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[14,15920,15921,15923,15924,15927],{},[18,15922,4113],{}," creates an empty ",[913,15925,15926],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[14,15929,15930,15931,315],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[18,15932,4118],{},[34,15934,15936],{"className":36,"code":15935,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[18,15937,15938,15946,15958,15962,15976],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,15939,15940,15942,15944],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,15941,12042],{"class":207},[43,15943,212],{"class":211},[43,15945,10154],{"class":53},[43,15947,15948,15951,15953,15956],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,15949,15950],{"class":207},"my_set ",[43,15952,212],{"class":211},[43,15954,15955],{"class":57}," set",[43,15957,1728],{"class":53},[43,15959,15960],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,15961,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,15963,15964,15966,15968,15970,15972,15974],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,15965,50],{"class":49},[43,15967,54],{"class":53},[43,15969,248],{"class":57},[43,15971,54],{"class":53},[43,15973,11766],{"class":236},[43,15975,67],{"class":53},[43,15977,15978,15980,15982,15984,15986,15989],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,15979,50],{"class":49},[43,15981,54],{"class":53},[43,15983,248],{"class":57},[43,15985,54],{"class":53},[43,15987,15988],{"class":236},"my_set",[43,15990,67],{"class":53},[14,15992,15993],{},[913,15994,110],{},[34,15996,15998],{"className":36,"code":15997,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,15999,16000,16014],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16001,16002,16004,16006,16008,16010,16012],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16003,271],{"class":211},[43,16005,275],{"class":274},[43,16007,278],{"class":81},[43,16009,9140],{"class":85},[43,16011,283],{"class":81},[43,16013,286],{"class":211},[43,16015,16016,16018,16020,16022,16024,16026],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,16017,271],{"class":211},[43,16019,275],{"class":274},[43,16021,278],{"class":81},[43,16023,6613],{"class":85},[43,16025,283],{"class":81},[43,16027,286],{"class":211},[29,16029,16031,16032],{"id":16030},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[18,16033,9436],{},[14,16035,16036,16037,16039],{},"You can also use ",[18,16038,9436],{}," to create a dictionary.",[14,16041,16042],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[34,16044,16046],{"className":36,"code":16045,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[18,16047,16048,16088],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16049,16050,16052,16054,16056,16058,16060,16062,16064,16066,16068,16070,16072,16074,16077,16079,16082,16084,16086],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16051,13183],{"class":207},[43,16053,212],{"class":211},[43,16055,9486],{"class":57},[43,16057,54],{"class":53},[43,16059,7992],{"class":9491},[43,16061,212],{"class":211},[43,16063,82],{"class":81},[43,16065,13200],{"class":85},[43,16067,82],{"class":81},[43,16069,800],{"class":53},[43,16071,9504],{"class":9491},[43,16073,212],{"class":211},[43,16075,16076],{"class":63},"20",[43,16078,800],{"class":53},[43,16080,16081],{"class":9491}," active",[43,16083,212],{"class":211},[43,16085,105],{"class":104},[43,16087,227],{"class":53},[43,16089,16090,16092,16094,16096],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,16091,50],{"class":49},[43,16093,54],{"class":53},[43,16095,13947],{"class":236},[43,16097,227],{"class":53},[14,16099,16100],{},[913,16101,110],{},[34,16103,16105],{"className":36,"code":16104,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[18,16106,16107],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16108,16109,16111,16113,16115,16117,16119,16121,16123,16125,16127,16129,16131,16133,16135,16137,16139,16141,16144,16146,16148,16150],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16110,9594],{"class":53},[43,16112,283],{"class":81},[43,16114,7992],{"class":85},[43,16116,283],{"class":81},[43,16118,325],{"class":53},[43,16120,278],{"class":81},[43,16122,13200],{"class":85},[43,16124,283],{"class":81},[43,16126,800],{"class":53},[43,16128,278],{"class":81},[43,16130,9615],{"class":85},[43,16132,283],{"class":81},[43,16134,325],{"class":53},[43,16136,8115],{"class":63},[43,16138,800],{"class":53},[43,16140,278],{"class":81},[43,16142,16143],{"class":85},"active",[43,16145,283],{"class":81},[43,16147,325],{"class":53},[43,16149,4237],{"class":104},[43,16151,1667],{"class":53},[14,16153,16154],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[402,16156,16158,16159],{"id":16157},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[18,16160,9436],{},[14,16162,16163],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[150,16165,16166,16169],{},[153,16167,16168],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[153,16170,16171],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[14,16173,7013],{},[34,16175,16177],{"className":36,"code":16176,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[18,16178,16179,16209],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16180,16181,16183,16185,16187,16189,16191,16193,16195,16197,16199,16201,16203,16205,16207],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16182,11805],{"class":207},[43,16184,212],{"class":211},[43,16186,9486],{"class":57},[43,16188,54],{"class":53},[43,16190,7992],{"class":9491},[43,16192,212],{"class":211},[43,16194,82],{"class":81},[43,16196,8001],{"class":85},[43,16198,82],{"class":81},[43,16200,800],{"class":53},[43,16202,9504],{"class":9491},[43,16204,212],{"class":211},[43,16206,9509],{"class":63},[43,16208,227],{"class":53},[43,16210,16211,16213,16215,16217],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,16212,50],{"class":49},[43,16214,54],{"class":53},[43,16216,11899],{"class":236},[43,16218,227],{"class":53},[14,16220,4952,16221,16223],{},[913,16222,734],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[34,16225,16227],{"className":36,"code":16226,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[18,16228,16229],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16230,16231],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16232,16226],{"class":3984},[14,16234,16235],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[14,16237,16238],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[34,16240,16242],{"className":36,"code":16241,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[18,16243,16244,16252,16268,16272,16276],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16245,16246,16248,16250],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16247,11805],{"class":207},[43,16249,212],{"class":211},[43,16251,11810],{"class":53},[43,16253,16254,16256,16258,16260,16262,16264,16266],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,16255,11815],{"class":81},[43,16257,10811],{"class":85},[43,16259,82],{"class":81},[43,16261,325],{"class":53},[43,16263,932],{"class":81},[43,16265,8001],{"class":85},[43,16267,938],{"class":81},[43,16269,16270],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,16271,1667],{"class":53},[43,16273,16274],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,16275,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,16277,16278,16280,16282,16284],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,16279,50],{"class":49},[43,16281,54],{"class":53},[43,16283,11899],{"class":236},[43,16285,227],{"class":53},[29,16287,9760],{"id":9759},[14,16289,16290,16292],{},[18,16291,9436],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[14,16294,16295],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[34,16297,16299],{"className":36,"code":16298,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,16300,16301,16358,16362,16376,16380],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16302,16303,16305,16307,16309,16311,16313,16315,16317,16319,16321,16323,16325,16327,16329,16331,16333,16335,16337,16339,16341,16343,16345,16347,16349,16351,16354,16356],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16304,9531],{"class":207},[43,16306,212],{"class":211},[43,16308,9536],{"class":53},[43,16310,82],{"class":81},[43,16312,7992],{"class":85},[43,16314,82],{"class":81},[43,16316,800],{"class":53},[43,16318,932],{"class":81},[43,16320,13200],{"class":85},[43,16322,82],{"class":81},[43,16324,9549],{"class":53},[43,16326,9552],{"class":53},[43,16328,82],{"class":81},[43,16330,9615],{"class":85},[43,16332,82],{"class":81},[43,16334,800],{"class":53},[43,16336,8115],{"class":63},[43,16338,9549],{"class":53},[43,16340,9552],{"class":53},[43,16342,82],{"class":81},[43,16344,10725],{"class":85},[43,16346,82],{"class":81},[43,16348,800],{"class":53},[43,16350,932],{"class":81},[43,16352,16353],{"class":85},"Lima",[43,16355,82],{"class":81},[43,16357,9565],{"class":53},[43,16359,16360],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,16361,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,16363,16364,16366,16368,16370,16372,16374],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,16365,13183],{"class":207},[43,16367,212],{"class":211},[43,16369,9486],{"class":57},[43,16371,54],{"class":53},[43,16373,9578],{"class":236},[43,16375,227],{"class":53},[43,16377,16378],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,16379,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,16381,16382,16384,16386,16388],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,16383,50],{"class":49},[43,16385,54],{"class":53},[43,16387,13947],{"class":236},[43,16389,227],{"class":53},[14,16391,16392],{},[913,16393,110],{},[34,16395,16397],{"className":36,"code":16396,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,16398,16399],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16400,16401,16403,16405,16407,16409,16411,16413,16415,16417,16419,16421,16423,16425,16427,16429,16431,16433,16435,16437,16439,16441,16443,16445],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16402,9594],{"class":53},[43,16404,283],{"class":81},[43,16406,7992],{"class":85},[43,16408,283],{"class":81},[43,16410,325],{"class":53},[43,16412,278],{"class":81},[43,16414,13200],{"class":85},[43,16416,283],{"class":81},[43,16418,800],{"class":53},[43,16420,278],{"class":81},[43,16422,9615],{"class":85},[43,16424,283],{"class":81},[43,16426,325],{"class":53},[43,16428,8115],{"class":63},[43,16430,800],{"class":53},[43,16432,278],{"class":81},[43,16434,10725],{"class":85},[43,16436,283],{"class":81},[43,16438,325],{"class":53},[43,16440,278],{"class":81},[43,16442,16353],{"class":85},[43,16444,283],{"class":81},[43,16446,1667],{"class":53},[14,16448,16449],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[34,16451,16453],{"className":36,"code":16452,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[18,16454,16455,16496],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16456,16457,16459,16461,16463,16466,16468,16470,16472,16474,16476,16478,16480,16482,16484,16486,16488,16490,16492,16494],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16458,13183],{"class":207},[43,16460,212],{"class":211},[43,16462,9486],{"class":57},[43,16464,16465],{"class":53},"(((",[43,16467,82],{"class":81},[43,16469,7992],{"class":85},[43,16471,82],{"class":81},[43,16473,800],{"class":53},[43,16475,932],{"class":81},[43,16477,13200],{"class":85},[43,16479,82],{"class":81},[43,16481,9549],{"class":53},[43,16483,9552],{"class":53},[43,16485,82],{"class":81},[43,16487,9615],{"class":85},[43,16489,82],{"class":81},[43,16491,800],{"class":53},[43,16493,8115],{"class":63},[43,16495,3239],{"class":53},[43,16497,16498,16500,16502,16504],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,16499,50],{"class":49},[43,16501,54],{"class":53},[43,16503,13947],{"class":236},[43,16505,227],{"class":53},[14,16507,16508],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[29,16510,16512],{"id":16511},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[14,16514,16515],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[150,16517,16518,16521,16524,16527],{},[153,16519,16520],{},"Keys must be unique",[153,16522,16523],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[153,16525,16526],{},"Values can repeat",[153,16528,16529],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[402,16531,16533],{"id":16532},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[34,16535,16537],{"className":36,"code":16536,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,16538,16539,16547,16565,16582,16586,16590],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16540,16541,16543,16545],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16542,9481],{"class":207},[43,16544,212],{"class":211},[43,16546,11810],{"class":53},[43,16548,16549,16551,16553,16555,16557,16559,16561,16563],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,16550,11815],{"class":81},[43,16552,7992],{"class":85},[43,16554,82],{"class":81},[43,16556,325],{"class":53},[43,16558,932],{"class":81},[43,16560,13200],{"class":85},[43,16562,82],{"class":81},[43,16564,11831],{"class":53},[43,16566,16567,16569,16571,16573,16575,16577,16580],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,16568,11815],{"class":81},[43,16570,7992],{"class":85},[43,16572,82],{"class":81},[43,16574,325],{"class":53},[43,16576,932],{"class":81},[43,16578,16579],{"class":85},"Maria",[43,16581,938],{"class":81},[43,16583,16584],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,16585,1667],{"class":53},[43,16587,16588],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,16589,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,16591,16592,16594,16596,16598],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,16593,50],{"class":49},[43,16595,54],{"class":53},[43,16597,9520],{"class":236},[43,16599,227],{"class":53},[14,16601,16602],{},[913,16603,110],{},[34,16605,16607],{"className":36,"code":16606,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[18,16608,16609],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16610,16611,16613,16615,16617,16619,16621,16623,16625,16627],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16612,9594],{"class":53},[43,16614,283],{"class":81},[43,16616,7992],{"class":85},[43,16618,283],{"class":81},[43,16620,325],{"class":53},[43,16622,278],{"class":81},[43,16624,16579],{"class":85},[43,16626,283],{"class":81},[43,16628,1667],{"class":53},[14,16630,16631],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[402,16633,16635],{"id":16634},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[34,16637,16639],{"className":36,"code":16638,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[18,16640,16641,16649,16665,16681,16695,16699,16703],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16642,16643,16645,16647],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16644,5387],{"class":207},[43,16646,212],{"class":211},[43,16648,11810],{"class":53},[43,16650,16651,16654,16656,16658,16661,16663],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,16652,16653],{"class":63},"    1",[43,16655,325],{"class":53},[43,16657,932],{"class":81},[43,16659,16660],{"class":85},"low",[43,16662,82],{"class":81},[43,16664,11831],{"class":53},[43,16666,16667,16670,16672,16674,16677,16679],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,16668,16669],{"class":63},"    2",[43,16671,325],{"class":53},[43,16673,932],{"class":81},[43,16675,16676],{"class":85},"medium",[43,16678,82],{"class":81},[43,16680,11831],{"class":53},[43,16682,16683,16686,16688,16690,16693],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,16684,16685],{"class":63},"    3",[43,16687,325],{"class":53},[43,16689,932],{"class":81},[43,16691,16692],{"class":85},"high",[43,16694,938],{"class":81},[43,16696,16697],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,16698,1667],{"class":53},[43,16700,16701],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,16702,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,16704,16705,16707,16709,16712],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,16706,50],{"class":49},[43,16708,54],{"class":53},[43,16710,16711],{"class":236},"scores",[43,16713,227],{"class":53},[402,16715,16717],{"id":16716},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[14,16719,16720],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[14,16722,16723],{},"This will cause an error:",[34,16725,16727],{"className":36,"code":16726,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[18,16728,16729,16734,16739],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16730,16731],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16732,16733],{"class":3984},"# bad = {\n",[43,16735,16736],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,16737,16738],{"class":3984},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[43,16740,16741],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,16742,16743],{"class":3984},"# }\n",[14,16745,16746],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[34,16748,16750],{"className":36,"code":16749,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[18,16751,16752,16761,16781,16785,16789],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16753,16754,16757,16759],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16755,16756],{"class":207},"good ",[43,16758,212],{"class":211},[43,16760,11810],{"class":53},[43,16762,16763,16766,16768,16770,16772,16775,16777,16779],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,16764,16765],{"class":53},"    (",[43,16767,797],{"class":63},[43,16769,800],{"class":53},[43,16771,803],{"class":63},[43,16773,16774],{"class":53},"):",[43,16776,932],{"class":81},[43,16778,3969],{"class":85},[43,16780,938],{"class":81},[43,16782,16783],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,16784,1667],{"class":53},[43,16786,16787],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,16788,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,16790,16791,16793,16795,16798],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,16792,50],{"class":49},[43,16794,54],{"class":53},[43,16796,16797],{"class":236},"good",[43,16799,227],{"class":53},[29,16801,16803],{"id":16802},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[14,16805,16806],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[14,16808,16809],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[150,16811,16812,16815,16817,16820],{},[153,16813,16814],{},"user data",[153,16816,14206],{},[153,16818,16819],{},"counters",[153,16821,16822],{},"lookups",[14,16824,197],{},[34,16826,16828],{"className":36,"code":16827,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[18,16829,16830,16838,16857,16876,16888,16892,16896],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16831,16832,16834,16836],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16833,11805],{"class":207},[43,16835,212],{"class":211},[43,16837,11810],{"class":53},[43,16839,16840,16842,16844,16846,16848,16850,16853,16855],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,16841,11815],{"class":81},[43,16843,8311],{"class":85},[43,16845,82],{"class":81},[43,16847,325],{"class":53},[43,16849,932],{"class":81},[43,16851,16852],{"class":85},"ana123",[43,16854,82],{"class":81},[43,16856,11831],{"class":53},[43,16858,16859,16861,16863,16865,16867,16869,16872,16874],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,16860,11815],{"class":81},[43,16862,15580],{"class":85},[43,16864,82],{"class":81},[43,16866,325],{"class":53},[43,16868,932],{"class":81},[43,16870,16871],{"class":85},"ana@example.com",[43,16873,82],{"class":81},[43,16875,11831],{"class":53},[43,16877,16878,16880,16882,16884,16886],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,16879,11815],{"class":81},[43,16881,12833],{"class":85},[43,16883,82],{"class":81},[43,16885,325],{"class":53},[43,16887,6748],{"class":104},[43,16889,16890],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,16891,1667],{"class":53},[43,16893,16894],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,16895,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,16897,16898,16900,16902,16904,16906,16908,16910,16912],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,16899,50],{"class":49},[43,16901,54],{"class":53},[43,16903,11899],{"class":236},[43,16905,4221],{"class":53},[43,16907,82],{"class":81},[43,16909,15580],{"class":85},[43,16911,82],{"class":81},[43,16913,4209],{"class":53},[14,16915,16916,16917,315],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[189,16918,16920],{"href":16919},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[14,16922,16923],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[150,16925,16926,16929,16932],{},[153,16927,16928],{},"labels are not needed",[153,16930,16931],{},"you mostly care about position",[153,16933,16934],{},"order matters more than named fields",[29,16936,3160],{"id":3159},[14,16938,16939],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[150,16941,16942,16945,16948,16951,16954],{},[153,16943,16944],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[153,16946,16947],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[153,16949,16950],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[153,16952,16953],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[153,16955,16956,16957,16959],{},"Mixing up ",[18,16958,4113],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[402,16961,16963],{"id":16962},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[14,16965,16966],{},"Wrong:",[34,16968,16970],{"className":36,"code":16969,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[18,16971,16972],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16973,16974],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16975,16969],{"class":3984},[14,16977,16978],{},"Correct:",[34,16980,16982],{"className":36,"code":16981,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[18,16983,16984,17008],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,16985,16986,16988,16990,16992,16994,16996,16998,17000,17002,17004,17006],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,16987,13183],{"class":207},[43,16989,212],{"class":211},[43,16991,1649],{"class":53},[43,16993,82],{"class":81},[43,16995,7992],{"class":85},[43,16997,82],{"class":81},[43,16999,325],{"class":53},[43,17001,932],{"class":81},[43,17003,13200],{"class":85},[43,17005,82],{"class":81},[43,17007,1667],{"class":53},[43,17009,17010,17012,17014,17016],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,17011,50],{"class":49},[43,17013,54],{"class":53},[43,17015,13947],{"class":236},[43,17017,227],{"class":53},[402,17019,17021],{"id":17020},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[14,17023,16966],{},[34,17025,17027],{"className":36,"code":17026,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[18,17028,17029],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,17030,17031],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,17032,17026],{"class":3984},[14,17034,17035,17036,17038,17039,17041],{},"This only works if ",[18,17037,7992],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[18,17040,15561],{},", use quotes.",[14,17043,16978],{},[34,17045,17046],{"className":36,"code":16981,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,17047,17048,17072],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,17049,17050,17052,17054,17056,17058,17060,17062,17064,17066,17068,17070],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,17051,13183],{"class":207},[43,17053,212],{"class":211},[43,17055,1649],{"class":53},[43,17057,82],{"class":81},[43,17059,7992],{"class":85},[43,17061,82],{"class":81},[43,17063,325],{"class":53},[43,17065,932],{"class":81},[43,17067,13200],{"class":85},[43,17069,82],{"class":81},[43,17071,1667],{"class":53},[43,17073,17074,17076,17078,17080],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,17075,50],{"class":49},[43,17077,54],{"class":53},[43,17079,13947],{"class":236},[43,17081,227],{"class":53},[402,17083,17085],{"id":17084},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[34,17087,17089],{"className":36,"code":17088,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[18,17090,17091,17123],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,17092,17093,17095,17097,17099,17101,17103,17105,17107,17109,17111,17113,17115,17117,17119,17121],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,17094,9481],{"class":207},[43,17096,212],{"class":211},[43,17098,1649],{"class":53},[43,17100,82],{"class":81},[43,17102,9615],{"class":85},[43,17104,82],{"class":81},[43,17106,325],{"class":53},[43,17108,8115],{"class":63},[43,17110,800],{"class":53},[43,17112,932],{"class":81},[43,17114,9615],{"class":85},[43,17116,82],{"class":81},[43,17118,325],{"class":53},[43,17120,8120],{"class":63},[43,17122,1667],{"class":53},[43,17124,17125,17127,17129,17131],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,17126,50],{"class":49},[43,17128,54],{"class":53},[43,17130,9520],{"class":236},[43,17132,227],{"class":53},[14,17134,17135],{},[913,17136,110],{},[34,17138,17140],{"className":36,"code":17139,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'age': 30}\n",[18,17141,17142],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,17143,17144,17146,17148,17150,17152,17154,17156],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,17145,9594],{"class":53},[43,17147,283],{"class":81},[43,17149,9615],{"class":85},[43,17151,283],{"class":81},[43,17153,325],{"class":53},[43,17155,8120],{"class":63},[43,17157,1667],{"class":53},[29,17159,17161],{"id":17160},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[14,17163,17164],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[34,17166,17168],{"className":36,"code":17167,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[18,17169,17170,17206,17210,17220,17234,17249,17263],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,17171,17172,17174,17176,17178,17180,17182,17184,17186,17188,17190,17192,17194,17196,17198,17200,17202,17204],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,17173,12042],{"class":207},[43,17175,212],{"class":211},[43,17177,1649],{"class":53},[43,17179,82],{"class":81},[43,17181,7992],{"class":85},[43,17183,82],{"class":81},[43,17185,325],{"class":53},[43,17187,932],{"class":81},[43,17189,13200],{"class":85},[43,17191,82],{"class":81},[43,17193,800],{"class":53},[43,17195,932],{"class":81},[43,17197,9615],{"class":85},[43,17199,82],{"class":81},[43,17201,325],{"class":53},[43,17203,8115],{"class":63},[43,17205,1667],{"class":53},[43,17207,17208],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,17209,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,17211,17212,17214,17216,17218],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,17213,50],{"class":49},[43,17215,54],{"class":53},[43,17217,11766],{"class":236},[43,17219,227],{"class":53},[43,17221,17222,17224,17226,17228,17230,17232],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,17223,50],{"class":49},[43,17225,54],{"class":53},[43,17227,248],{"class":57},[43,17229,54],{"class":53},[43,17231,11766],{"class":236},[43,17233,67],{"class":53},[43,17235,17236,17238,17240,17242,17244,17247],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,17237,50],{"class":49},[43,17239,54],{"class":53},[43,17241,11766],{"class":236},[43,17243,315],{"class":53},[43,17245,17246],{"class":236},"keys",[43,17248,341],{"class":53},[43,17250,17251,17253,17255,17257,17259,17261],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,17252,50],{"class":49},[43,17254,54],{"class":53},[43,17256,11766],{"class":236},[43,17258,315],{"class":53},[43,17260,5683],{"class":236},[43,17262,341],{"class":53},[43,17264,17265,17267,17269,17271,17273,17275],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,17266,50],{"class":49},[43,17268,54],{"class":53},[43,17270,11477],{"class":49},[43,17272,54],{"class":53},[43,17274,11766],{"class":236},[43,17276,67],{"class":53},[14,17278,17279],{},[913,17280,17281],{},"Example output:",[34,17283,17285],{"className":36,"code":17284,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[18,17286,17287,17319,17333,17356,17375],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,17288,17289,17291,17293,17295,17297,17299,17301,17303,17305,17307,17309,17311,17313,17315,17317],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,17290,9594],{"class":53},[43,17292,283],{"class":81},[43,17294,7992],{"class":85},[43,17296,283],{"class":81},[43,17298,325],{"class":53},[43,17300,278],{"class":81},[43,17302,13200],{"class":85},[43,17304,283],{"class":81},[43,17306,800],{"class":53},[43,17308,278],{"class":81},[43,17310,9615],{"class":85},[43,17312,283],{"class":81},[43,17314,325],{"class":53},[43,17316,8115],{"class":63},[43,17318,1667],{"class":53},[43,17320,17321,17323,17325,17327,17329,17331],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,17322,271],{"class":211},[43,17324,275],{"class":274},[43,17326,278],{"class":81},[43,17328,9140],{"class":85},[43,17330,283],{"class":81},[43,17332,286],{"class":211},[43,17334,17335,17338,17340,17342,17344,17346,17348,17350,17352,17354],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,17336,17337],{"class":236},"dict_keys",[43,17339,794],{"class":53},[43,17341,283],{"class":81},[43,17343,7992],{"class":85},[43,17345,283],{"class":81},[43,17347,800],{"class":53},[43,17349,278],{"class":81},[43,17351,9615],{"class":85},[43,17353,283],{"class":81},[43,17355,4209],{"class":53},[43,17357,17358,17361,17363,17365,17367,17369,17371,17373],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,17359,17360],{"class":236},"dict_values",[43,17362,794],{"class":53},[43,17364,283],{"class":81},[43,17366,13200],{"class":85},[43,17368,283],{"class":81},[43,17370,800],{"class":53},[43,17372,8115],{"class":63},[43,17374,4209],{"class":53},[43,17376,17377],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,17378,17379],{"class":63},"2\n",[14,17381,17382,17383,2534,17389,17395,17396,315],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[189,17384,11051,17386],{"href":17385},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[18,17387,17388],{},"keys()",[189,17390,11051,17392],{"href":17391},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[18,17393,17394],{},"values()",", and ",[189,17397,11051,17399],{"href":17398},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[18,17400,17401],{},"items()",[29,17403,2162],{"id":2161},[402,17405,17407],{"id":17406},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[14,17409,133,17410,2172,17412,17414],{},[18,17411,4113],{},[18,17413,9436],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[402,17416,17418],{"id":17417},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[14,17420,17421,17422,315],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[18,17423,17424],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[402,17426,17428],{"id":17427},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[14,17430,17431],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[402,17433,17435],{"id":17434},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[14,17437,17438],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[402,17440,5503,17442,895,17444,2822],{"id":17441},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[18,17443,4113],{},[18,17445,9436],{},[14,17447,17448,17450,17451,17453],{},[18,17449,4113],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[18,17452,9436],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[29,17455,2229],{"id":2228},[150,17457,17458,17462,17468,17472,17478],{},[153,17459,17460],{},[189,17461,9471],{"href":9470},[153,17463,17464],{},[189,17465,11051,17466,11055],{"href":11050},[18,17467,11054],{},[153,17469,17470],{},[189,17471,11567],{"href":11045},[153,17473,17474],{},[189,17475,17477],{"href":17476},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[153,17479,17480],{},[189,17481,11578],{"href":11389},[14,17483,17484],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2262,17486,17487],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":17489},[17490,17491,17492,17493,17496,17499,17504,17505,17510,17511,17516,17517,17525],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":15484,"depth":70,"text":15485},{"id":15502,"depth":70,"text":15490},{"id":15586,"depth":70,"text":15587,"children":17494},[17495],{"id":15738,"depth":93,"text":15739},{"id":9717,"depth":70,"text":9718,"children":17497},[17498],{"id":15917,"depth":93,"text":15918},{"id":16030,"depth":70,"text":17500,"children":17501},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17502],{"id":16157,"depth":93,"text":17503},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9759,"depth":70,"text":9760},{"id":16511,"depth":70,"text":16512,"children":17506},[17507,17508,17509],{"id":16532,"depth":93,"text":16533},{"id":16634,"depth":93,"text":16635},{"id":16716,"depth":93,"text":16717},{"id":16802,"depth":70,"text":16803},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160,"children":17512},[17513,17514,17515],{"id":16962,"depth":93,"text":16963},{"id":17020,"depth":93,"text":17021},{"id":17084,"depth":93,"text":17085},{"id":17160,"depth":70,"text":17161},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":17518},[17519,17520,17521,17522,17523],{"id":17406,"depth":93,"text":17407},{"id":17417,"depth":93,"text":17418},{"id":17427,"depth":93,"text":17428},{"id":17434,"depth":93,"text":17435},{"id":17441,"depth":93,"text":17524},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15327,"description":17526},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17532,"title":17533,"body":17534,"description":19983,"extension":2312,"meta":19984,"navigation":958,"path":19985,"seo":19986,"stem":19987,"__hash__":19988},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17535,"toc":19939},[17536,17542,17548,17551,17554,17556,17638,17644,17649,17653,17671,17683,17688,17692,17715,17719,17731,17739,17741,17747,17749,17752,17827,17829,17874,17876,17893,17898,17904,17909,17983,17985,18030,18033,18044,18046,18165,18167,18220,18227,18231,18234,18251,18257,18261,18359,18361,18413,18420,18424,18430,18433,18436,18463,18468,18472,18475,18579,18581,18626,18629,18632,18637,18642,18653,18655,18716,18776,18782,18790,18796,18801,18806,18866,18870,18937,18940,18944,19015,19018,19031,19038,19040,19044,19048,19119,19121,19158,19161,19164,19227,19234,19237,19279,19289,19292,19361,19367,19372,19456,19458,19507,19514,19520,19565,19567,19600,19605,19609,19615,19654,19698,19766,19809,19811,19817,19820,19824,19829,19833,19836,19840,19842,19903,19905,19931,19936],[10,17537,11634,17539,11638],{"id":17538},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[18,17540,17541],{},"fromkeys()",[14,17543,17544,17547],{},[18,17545,17546],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[14,17549,17550],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[14,17552,17553],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[29,17555,32],{"id":31},[34,17557,17559],{"className":36,"code":17558,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[18,17560,17561,17594,17622,17633],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,17562,17563,17566,17568,17570,17572,17574,17576,17578,17580,17582,17584,17586,17588,17590,17592],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,17564,17565],{"class":207},"keys ",[43,17567,212],{"class":211},[43,17569,3942],{"class":53},[43,17571,82],{"class":81},[43,17573,7992],{"class":85},[43,17575,82],{"class":81},[43,17577,800],{"class":53},[43,17579,932],{"class":81},[43,17581,9615],{"class":85},[43,17583,82],{"class":81},[43,17585,800],{"class":53},[43,17587,932],{"class":81},[43,17589,10725],{"class":85},[43,17591,82],{"class":81},[43,17593,3955],{"class":53},[43,17595,17596,17598,17600,17602,17604,17607,17609,17611,17613,17615,17618,17620],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,17597,13525],{"class":207},[43,17599,212],{"class":211},[43,17601,9486],{"class":57},[43,17603,315],{"class":53},[43,17605,17606],{"class":236},"fromkeys",[43,17608,54],{"class":53},[43,17610,17246],{"class":236},[43,17612,800],{"class":53},[43,17614,932],{"class":81},[43,17616,17617],{"class":85},"unknown",[43,17619,82],{"class":81},[43,17621,227],{"class":53},[43,17623,17624,17626,17628,17631],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,17625,50],{"class":49},[43,17627,54],{"class":53},[43,17629,17630],{"class":236},"person",[43,17632,227],{"class":53},[43,17634,17635],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,17636,17637],{"class":3984},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[14,17639,133,17640,17643],{},[18,17641,17642],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[29,17645,3998,17647,4001],{"id":17646},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[18,17648,17546],{},[14,17650,17651,325],{},[18,17652,17546],{},[150,17654,17655,17658,17661,17664],{},[153,17656,17657],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[153,17659,17660],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[153,17662,17663],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[153,17665,17666,17667,17670],{},"Is called as ",[18,17668,17669],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[14,17672,17673,17674,17676,17677,17679,17680,315],{},"This is a class method on ",[18,17675,9140],{},", so you write ",[18,17678,17669],{}," instead of something like ",[18,17681,17682],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[14,17684,17685,17686,315],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[189,17687,9471],{"href":13343},[29,17689,17691],{"id":17690},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[34,17693,17695],{"className":36,"code":17694,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[18,17696,17697],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,17698,17699,17701,17703,17705,17707,17709,17711,17713],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,17700,9140],{"class":57},[43,17702,315],{"class":53},[43,17704,17606],{"class":236},[43,17706,54],{"class":53},[43,17708,4042],{"class":236},[43,17710,800],{"class":53},[43,17712,1720],{"class":236},[43,17714,227],{"class":53},[402,17716,17718],{"id":17717},"parameters","Parameters",[150,17720,17721,17726],{},[153,17722,17723,17725],{},[18,17724,4042],{},": the keys to use",[153,17727,17728,17730],{},[18,17729,307],{},": optional starting value for every key",[14,17732,17733,17734,17736,17737,315],{},"If you leave out ",[18,17735,307],{},", each key gets ",[18,17738,4099],{},[402,17740,903],{"id":902},[14,17742,17743,17744,315],{},"It returns a ",[913,17745,17746],{},"new dictionary",[29,17748,6113],{"id":6112},[14,17750,17751],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[34,17753,17755],{"className":36,"code":17754,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,17756,17757,17790,17812,17816],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,17758,17759,17761,17763,17765,17767,17769,17771,17773,17775,17778,17780,17782,17784,17786,17788],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,17760,17565],{"class":207},[43,17762,212],{"class":211},[43,17764,3942],{"class":53},[43,17766,82],{"class":81},[43,17768,13413],{"class":85},[43,17770,82],{"class":81},[43,17772,800],{"class":53},[43,17774,932],{"class":81},[43,17776,17777],{"class":85},"green",[43,17779,82],{"class":81},[43,17781,800],{"class":53},[43,17783,932],{"class":81},[43,17785,13430],{"class":85},[43,17787,82],{"class":81},[43,17789,3955],{"class":53},[43,17791,17792,17794,17796,17798,17800,17802,17804,17806,17808,17810],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,17793,13396],{"class":207},[43,17795,212],{"class":211},[43,17797,9486],{"class":57},[43,17799,315],{"class":53},[43,17801,17606],{"class":236},[43,17803,54],{"class":53},[43,17805,17246],{"class":236},[43,17807,800],{"class":53},[43,17809,4155],{"class":63},[43,17811,227],{"class":53},[43,17813,17814],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,17815,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,17817,17818,17820,17822,17825],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,17819,50],{"class":49},[43,17821,54],{"class":53},[43,17823,17824],{"class":236},"colors",[43,17826,227],{"class":53},[14,17828,110],{},[34,17830,17832],{"className":36,"code":17831,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[18,17833,17834],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,17835,17836,17838,17840,17842,17844,17846,17848,17850,17852,17854,17856,17858,17860,17862,17864,17866,17868,17870,17872],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,17837,9594],{"class":53},[43,17839,283],{"class":81},[43,17841,13413],{"class":85},[43,17843,283],{"class":81},[43,17845,325],{"class":53},[43,17847,4155],{"class":63},[43,17849,800],{"class":53},[43,17851,278],{"class":81},[43,17853,17777],{"class":85},[43,17855,283],{"class":81},[43,17857,325],{"class":53},[43,17859,4155],{"class":63},[43,17861,800],{"class":53},[43,17863,278],{"class":81},[43,17865,13430],{"class":85},[43,17867,283],{"class":81},[43,17869,325],{"class":53},[43,17871,4155],{"class":63},[43,17873,1667],{"class":53},[14,17875,12001],{},[150,17877,17878,17883,17888],{},[153,17879,17880,17882],{},[18,17881,17246],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[153,17884,17885,17887],{},[18,17886,2466],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[153,17889,17890,17892],{},[18,17891,17546],{}," returns the new dictionary",[14,17894,17895,17896,315],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[189,17897,9707],{"href":13346},[29,17899,8738,17901,17903],{"id":17900},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[18,17902,17541],{}," without a value",[14,17905,17906,17907,315],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[18,17908,4099],{},[34,17910,17912],{"className":36,"code":17911,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[18,17913,17914,17948,17968,17972],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,17915,17916,17919,17921,17923,17925,17927,17929,17931,17933,17935,17937,17939,17941,17944,17946],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,17917,17918],{"class":207},"fields ",[43,17920,212],{"class":211},[43,17922,3942],{"class":53},[43,17924,82],{"class":81},[43,17926,8311],{"class":85},[43,17928,82],{"class":81},[43,17930,800],{"class":53},[43,17932,932],{"class":81},[43,17934,15580],{"class":85},[43,17936,82],{"class":81},[43,17938,800],{"class":53},[43,17940,932],{"class":81},[43,17942,17943],{"class":85},"password",[43,17945,82],{"class":81},[43,17947,3955],{"class":53},[43,17949,17950,17953,17955,17957,17959,17961,17963,17966],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,17951,17952],{"class":207},"user_data ",[43,17954,212],{"class":211},[43,17956,9486],{"class":57},[43,17958,315],{"class":53},[43,17960,17606],{"class":236},[43,17962,54],{"class":53},[43,17964,17965],{"class":236},"fields",[43,17967,227],{"class":53},[43,17969,17970],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,17971,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,17973,17974,17976,17978,17981],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,17975,50],{"class":49},[43,17977,54],{"class":53},[43,17979,17980],{"class":236},"user_data",[43,17982,227],{"class":53},[14,17984,110],{},[34,17986,17988],{"className":36,"code":17987,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[18,17989,17990],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,17991,17992,17994,17996,17998,18000,18002,18004,18006,18008,18010,18012,18014,18016,18018,18020,18022,18024,18026,18028],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,17993,9594],{"class":53},[43,17995,283],{"class":81},[43,17997,8311],{"class":85},[43,17999,283],{"class":81},[43,18001,325],{"class":53},[43,18003,4173],{"class":104},[43,18005,800],{"class":53},[43,18007,278],{"class":81},[43,18009,15580],{"class":85},[43,18011,283],{"class":81},[43,18013,325],{"class":53},[43,18015,4173],{"class":104},[43,18017,800],{"class":53},[43,18019,278],{"class":81},[43,18021,17943],{"class":85},[43,18023,283],{"class":81},[43,18025,325],{"class":53},[43,18027,4173],{"class":104},[43,18029,1667],{"class":53},[14,18031,18032],{},"This is useful when:",[150,18034,18035,18038,18041],{},[153,18036,18037],{},"You want to create the keys first",[153,18039,18040],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[153,18042,18043],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[14,18045,197],{},[34,18047,18049],{"className":36,"code":18048,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[18,18050,18051,18083,18101,18105,18128,18151,18155],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,18052,18053,18055,18057,18059,18061,18063,18065,18067,18069,18071,18073,18075,18077,18079,18081],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,18054,17918],{"class":207},[43,18056,212],{"class":211},[43,18058,3942],{"class":53},[43,18060,82],{"class":81},[43,18062,8311],{"class":85},[43,18064,82],{"class":81},[43,18066,800],{"class":53},[43,18068,932],{"class":81},[43,18070,15580],{"class":85},[43,18072,82],{"class":81},[43,18074,800],{"class":53},[43,18076,932],{"class":81},[43,18078,17943],{"class":85},[43,18080,82],{"class":81},[43,18082,3955],{"class":53},[43,18084,18085,18087,18089,18091,18093,18095,18097,18099],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,18086,17952],{"class":207},[43,18088,212],{"class":211},[43,18090,9486],{"class":57},[43,18092,315],{"class":53},[43,18094,17606],{"class":236},[43,18096,54],{"class":53},[43,18098,17965],{"class":236},[43,18100,227],{"class":53},[43,18102,18103],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,18104,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,18106,18107,18109,18111,18113,18115,18117,18119,18121,18123,18126],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,18108,17980],{"class":207},[43,18110,4221],{"class":53},[43,18112,82],{"class":81},[43,18114,8311],{"class":85},[43,18116,82],{"class":81},[43,18118,13594],{"class":53},[43,18120,13597],{"class":211},[43,18122,932],{"class":81},[43,18124,18125],{"class":85},"alice",[43,18127,938],{"class":81},[43,18129,18130,18132,18134,18136,18138,18140,18142,18144,18146,18149],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,18131,17980],{"class":207},[43,18133,4221],{"class":53},[43,18135,82],{"class":81},[43,18137,15580],{"class":85},[43,18139,82],{"class":81},[43,18141,13594],{"class":53},[43,18143,13597],{"class":211},[43,18145,932],{"class":81},[43,18147,18148],{"class":85},"alice@example.com",[43,18150,938],{"class":81},[43,18152,18153],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,18154,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,18156,18157,18159,18161,18163],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,18158,50],{"class":49},[43,18160,54],{"class":53},[43,18162,17980],{"class":236},[43,18164,227],{"class":53},[14,18166,110],{},[34,18168,18170],{"className":36,"code":18169,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[18,18171,18172],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,18173,18174,18176,18178,18180,18182,18184,18186,18188,18190,18192,18194,18196,18198,18200,18202,18204,18206,18208,18210,18212,18214,18216,18218],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,18175,9594],{"class":53},[43,18177,283],{"class":81},[43,18179,8311],{"class":85},[43,18181,283],{"class":81},[43,18183,325],{"class":53},[43,18185,278],{"class":81},[43,18187,18125],{"class":85},[43,18189,283],{"class":81},[43,18191,800],{"class":53},[43,18193,278],{"class":81},[43,18195,15580],{"class":85},[43,18197,283],{"class":81},[43,18199,325],{"class":53},[43,18201,278],{"class":81},[43,18203,18148],{"class":85},[43,18205,283],{"class":81},[43,18207,800],{"class":53},[43,18209,278],{"class":81},[43,18211,17943],{"class":85},[43,18213,283],{"class":81},[43,18215,325],{"class":53},[43,18217,4173],{"class":104},[43,18219,1667],{"class":53},[14,18221,18222,18223,315],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[189,18224,18226],{"href":18225},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[29,18228,18230],{"id":18229},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[14,18232,18233],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[150,18235,18236,18241,18246],{},[153,18237,18238,18240],{},[18,18239,4108],{}," (list)",[153,18242,18243,18245],{},[18,18244,4113],{}," (dictionary)",[153,18247,18248,18250],{},[18,18249,4118],{}," (set)",[14,18252,18253,18254,315],{},"All keys will point to the ",[913,18255,18256],{},"same object",[402,18258,18260],{"id":18259},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[34,18262,18264],{"className":36,"code":18263,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,18265,18266,18298,18319,18323,18345,18349],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,18267,18268,18270,18272,18274,18276,18278,18280,18282,18284,18286,18288,18290,18292,18294,18296],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,18269,17565],{"class":207},[43,18271,212],{"class":211},[43,18273,3942],{"class":53},[43,18275,82],{"class":81},[43,18277,189],{"class":85},[43,18279,82],{"class":81},[43,18281,800],{"class":53},[43,18283,932],{"class":81},[43,18285,1231],{"class":85},[43,18287,82],{"class":81},[43,18289,800],{"class":53},[43,18291,932],{"class":81},[43,18293,10055],{"class":85},[43,18295,82],{"class":81},[43,18297,3955],{"class":53},[43,18299,18300,18302,18304,18306,18308,18310,18312,18314,18316],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,18301,9481],{"class":207},[43,18303,212],{"class":211},[43,18305,9486],{"class":57},[43,18307,315],{"class":53},[43,18309,17606],{"class":236},[43,18311,54],{"class":53},[43,18313,17246],{"class":236},[43,18315,800],{"class":53},[43,18317,18318],{"class":53}," [])\n",[43,18320,18321],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,18322,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,18324,18325,18327,18329,18331,18333,18335,18337,18339,18341,18343],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,18326,9520],{"class":207},[43,18328,4221],{"class":53},[43,18330,82],{"class":81},[43,18332,189],{"class":85},[43,18334,82],{"class":81},[43,18336,13871],{"class":53},[43,18338,13874],{"class":236},[43,18340,54],{"class":53},[43,18342,797],{"class":63},[43,18344,227],{"class":53},[43,18346,18347],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,18348,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,18350,18351,18353,18355,18357],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,18352,50],{"class":49},[43,18354,54],{"class":53},[43,18356,9520],{"class":236},[43,18358,227],{"class":53},[14,18360,110],{},[34,18362,18364],{"className":36,"code":18363,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[18,18365,18366],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,18367,18368,18370,18372,18374,18376,18378,18380,18382,18385,18387,18389,18391,18393,18395,18397,18399,18401,18403,18405,18407,18409,18411],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,18369,9594],{"class":53},[43,18371,283],{"class":81},[43,18373,189],{"class":85},[43,18375,283],{"class":81},[43,18377,325],{"class":53},[43,18379,3942],{"class":53},[43,18381,797],{"class":63},[43,18383,18384],{"class":53},"],",[43,18386,278],{"class":81},[43,18388,1231],{"class":85},[43,18390,283],{"class":81},[43,18392,325],{"class":53},[43,18394,3942],{"class":53},[43,18396,797],{"class":63},[43,18398,18384],{"class":53},[43,18400,278],{"class":81},[43,18402,10055],{"class":85},[43,18404,283],{"class":81},[43,18406,325],{"class":53},[43,18408,3942],{"class":53},[43,18410,797],{"class":63},[43,18412,14027],{"class":53},[14,18414,18415,18416,18419],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[18,18417,18418],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[402,18421,18423],{"id":18422},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[14,18425,18426,18429],{},[18,18427,18428],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[14,18431,18432],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[14,18434,18435],{},"So this:",[34,18437,18439],{"className":36,"code":18438,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[18,18440,18441],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,18442,18443,18445,18447,18449,18451,18453,18455,18457,18459,18461],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,18444,9520],{"class":207},[43,18446,4221],{"class":53},[43,18448,82],{"class":81},[43,18450,189],{"class":85},[43,18452,82],{"class":81},[43,18454,13871],{"class":53},[43,18456,13874],{"class":236},[43,18458,54],{"class":53},[43,18460,797],{"class":63},[43,18462,227],{"class":53},[14,18464,18465,18466,315],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[18,18467,18418],{},[402,18469,18471],{"id":18470},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[14,18473,18474],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[34,18476,18478],{"className":36,"code":18477,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,18479,18480,18512,18539,18543,18565,18569],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,18481,18482,18484,18486,18488,18490,18492,18494,18496,18498,18500,18502,18504,18506,18508,18510],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,18483,17565],{"class":207},[43,18485,212],{"class":211},[43,18487,3942],{"class":53},[43,18489,82],{"class":81},[43,18491,189],{"class":85},[43,18493,82],{"class":81},[43,18495,800],{"class":53},[43,18497,932],{"class":81},[43,18499,1231],{"class":85},[43,18501,82],{"class":81},[43,18503,800],{"class":53},[43,18505,932],{"class":81},[43,18507,10055],{"class":85},[43,18509,82],{"class":81},[43,18511,3955],{"class":53},[43,18513,18514,18516,18518,18520,18522,18524,18527,18529,18532,18534,18537],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,18515,9481],{"class":207},[43,18517,212],{"class":211},[43,18519,1649],{"class":53},[43,18521,15163],{"class":207},[43,18523,325],{"class":53},[43,18525,18526],{"class":53}," []",[43,18528,4197],{"class":1927},[43,18530,18531],{"class":207}," key ",[43,18533,4203],{"class":1927},[43,18535,18536],{"class":207}," keys",[43,18538,1667],{"class":53},[43,18540,18541],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,18542,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,18544,18545,18547,18549,18551,18553,18555,18557,18559,18561,18563],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,18546,9520],{"class":207},[43,18548,4221],{"class":53},[43,18550,82],{"class":81},[43,18552,189],{"class":85},[43,18554,82],{"class":81},[43,18556,13871],{"class":53},[43,18558,13874],{"class":236},[43,18560,54],{"class":53},[43,18562,797],{"class":63},[43,18564,227],{"class":53},[43,18566,18567],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,18568,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,18570,18571,18573,18575,18577],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,18572,50],{"class":49},[43,18574,54],{"class":53},[43,18576,9520],{"class":236},[43,18578,227],{"class":53},[14,18580,110],{},[34,18582,18584],{"className":36,"code":18583,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[18,18585,18586],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,18587,18588,18590,18592,18594,18596,18598,18600,18602,18604,18606,18608,18610,18612,18615,18617,18619,18621,18623],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,18589,9594],{"class":53},[43,18591,283],{"class":81},[43,18593,189],{"class":85},[43,18595,283],{"class":81},[43,18597,325],{"class":53},[43,18599,3942],{"class":53},[43,18601,797],{"class":63},[43,18603,18384],{"class":53},[43,18605,278],{"class":81},[43,18607,1231],{"class":85},[43,18609,283],{"class":81},[43,18611,325],{"class":53},[43,18613,18614],{"class":53}," [],",[43,18616,278],{"class":81},[43,18618,10055],{"class":85},[43,18620,283],{"class":81},[43,18622,325],{"class":53},[43,18624,18625],{"class":53}," []}\n",[14,18627,18628],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[14,18630,18631],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[29,18633,5284,18635],{"id":18634},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[18,18636,17541],{},[14,18638,18639,18641],{},[18,18640,17546],{}," is a good choice when:",[150,18643,18644,18647,18650],{},[153,18645,18646],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[153,18648,18649],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[153,18651,18652],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[14,18654,2472],{},[34,18656,18658],{"className":36,"code":18657,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[18,18659,18660,18705],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,18661,18662,18665,18667,18669,18671,18673,18675,18677,18680,18682,18684,18686,18688,18690,18692,18694,18697,18699,18701,18703],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,18663,18664],{"class":207},"flags ",[43,18666,212],{"class":211},[43,18668,9486],{"class":57},[43,18670,315],{"class":53},[43,18672,17606],{"class":236},[43,18674,794],{"class":53},[43,18676,82],{"class":81},[43,18678,18679],{"class":85},"is_admin",[43,18681,82],{"class":81},[43,18683,800],{"class":53},[43,18685,932],{"class":81},[43,18687,15401],{"class":85},[43,18689,82],{"class":81},[43,18691,800],{"class":53},[43,18693,932],{"class":81},[43,18695,18696],{"class":85},"is_verified",[43,18698,82],{"class":81},[43,18700,18384],{"class":53},[43,18702,4228],{"class":104},[43,18704,227],{"class":53},[43,18706,18707,18709,18711,18714],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,18708,50],{"class":49},[43,18710,54],{"class":53},[43,18712,18713],{"class":236},"flags",[43,18715,227],{"class":53},[34,18717,18719],{"className":36,"code":18718,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,18720,18721,18766],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,18722,18723,18725,18727,18729,18731,18733,18735,18737,18740,18742,18744,18746,18749,18751,18753,18755,18758,18760,18762,18764],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,18724,5387],{"class":207},[43,18726,212],{"class":211},[43,18728,9486],{"class":57},[43,18730,315],{"class":53},[43,18732,17606],{"class":236},[43,18734,794],{"class":53},[43,18736,82],{"class":81},[43,18738,18739],{"class":85},"math",[43,18741,82],{"class":81},[43,18743,800],{"class":53},[43,18745,932],{"class":81},[43,18747,18748],{"class":85},"science",[43,18750,82],{"class":81},[43,18752,800],{"class":53},[43,18754,932],{"class":81},[43,18756,18757],{"class":85},"history",[43,18759,82],{"class":81},[43,18761,18384],{"class":53},[43,18763,4155],{"class":63},[43,18765,227],{"class":53},[43,18767,18768,18770,18772,18774],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,18769,50],{"class":49},[43,18771,54],{"class":53},[43,18773,16711],{"class":236},[43,18775,227],{"class":53},[14,18777,18778,18779,18781],{},"It is ",[913,18780,734],{}," the best choice when:",[150,18783,18784,18787],{},[153,18785,18786],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[153,18788,18789],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[29,18791,18793,18795],{"id":18792},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[18,18794,17541],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[14,18797,18798,18800],{},[18,18799,17541],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[402,18802,8738,18804],{"id":18803},"using-fromkeys",[18,18805,17541],{},[34,18807,18809],{"className":36,"code":18808,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[18,18810,18811,18856],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,18812,18813,18815,18817,18819,18821,18823,18825,18827,18830,18832,18834,18836,18839,18841,18843,18845,18848,18850,18852,18854],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,18814,14147],{"class":207},[43,18816,212],{"class":211},[43,18818,9486],{"class":57},[43,18820,315],{"class":53},[43,18822,17606],{"class":236},[43,18824,794],{"class":53},[43,18826,82],{"class":81},[43,18828,18829],{"class":85},"sound",[43,18831,82],{"class":81},[43,18833,800],{"class":53},[43,18835,932],{"class":81},[43,18837,18838],{"class":85},"music",[43,18840,82],{"class":81},[43,18842,800],{"class":53},[43,18844,932],{"class":81},[43,18846,18847],{"class":85},"notifications",[43,18849,82],{"class":81},[43,18851,18384],{"class":53},[43,18853,4237],{"class":104},[43,18855,227],{"class":53},[43,18857,18858,18860,18862,18864],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,18859,50],{"class":49},[43,18861,54],{"class":53},[43,18863,14206],{"class":236},[43,18865,227],{"class":53},[402,18867,18869],{"id":18868},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[34,18871,18873],{"className":36,"code":18872,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[18,18874,18875,18883,18897,18911,18923,18927],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,18876,18877,18879,18881],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,18878,14147],{"class":207},[43,18880,212],{"class":211},[43,18882,11810],{"class":53},[43,18884,18885,18887,18889,18891,18893,18895],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,18886,11815],{"class":81},[43,18888,18829],{"class":85},[43,18890,82],{"class":81},[43,18892,325],{"class":53},[43,18894,4237],{"class":104},[43,18896,11831],{"class":53},[43,18898,18899,18901,18903,18905,18907,18909],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,18900,11815],{"class":81},[43,18902,18838],{"class":85},[43,18904,82],{"class":81},[43,18906,325],{"class":53},[43,18908,4228],{"class":104},[43,18910,11831],{"class":53},[43,18912,18913,18915,18917,18919,18921],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,18914,11815],{"class":81},[43,18916,18847],{"class":85},[43,18918,82],{"class":81},[43,18920,325],{"class":53},[43,18922,6748],{"class":104},[43,18924,18925],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,18926,1667],{"class":53},[43,18928,18929,18931,18933,18935],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,18930,50],{"class":49},[43,18932,54],{"class":53},[43,18934,14206],{"class":236},[43,18936,227],{"class":53},[14,18938,18939],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[402,18941,18943],{"id":18942},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[34,18945,18947],{"className":36,"code":18946,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[18,18948,18949,18981,19005],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,18950,18951,18953,18955,18957,18959,18961,18963,18965,18967,18969,18971,18973,18975,18977,18979],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,18952,17565],{"class":207},[43,18954,212],{"class":211},[43,18956,3942],{"class":53},[43,18958,82],{"class":81},[43,18960,189],{"class":85},[43,18962,82],{"class":81},[43,18964,800],{"class":53},[43,18966,932],{"class":81},[43,18968,1231],{"class":85},[43,18970,82],{"class":81},[43,18972,800],{"class":53},[43,18974,932],{"class":81},[43,18976,10055],{"class":85},[43,18978,82],{"class":81},[43,18980,3955],{"class":53},[43,18982,18983,18985,18987,18989,18991,18993,18995,18997,18999,19001,19003],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,18984,9481],{"class":207},[43,18986,212],{"class":211},[43,18988,1649],{"class":53},[43,18990,15163],{"class":207},[43,18992,325],{"class":53},[43,18994,18526],{"class":53},[43,18996,4197],{"class":1927},[43,18998,18531],{"class":207},[43,19000,4203],{"class":1927},[43,19002,18536],{"class":207},[43,19004,1667],{"class":53},[43,19006,19007,19009,19011,19013],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,19008,50],{"class":49},[43,19010,54],{"class":53},[43,19012,9520],{"class":236},[43,19014,227],{"class":53},[14,19016,19017],{},"Use:",[150,19019,19020,19025,19028],{},[153,19021,19022,19024],{},[18,19023,17541],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[153,19026,19027],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[153,19029,19030],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[14,19032,19033,19034,315],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[189,19035,11051,19036,11055],{"href":14354},[18,19037,15276],{},[29,19039,3160],{"id":3159},[14,19041,15055,19042,315],{},[18,19043,17546],{},[402,19045,19047],{"id":19046},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[34,19049,19051],{"className":36,"code":19050,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[18,19052,19053,19086,19109],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19054,19055,19058,19060,19062,19064,19066,19068,19070,19072,19074,19076,19078,19080,19082,19084],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19056,19057],{"class":207},"d ",[43,19059,212],{"class":211},[43,19061,9486],{"class":57},[43,19063,315],{"class":53},[43,19065,17606],{"class":236},[43,19067,794],{"class":53},[43,19069,82],{"class":81},[43,19071,189],{"class":85},[43,19073,82],{"class":81},[43,19075,800],{"class":53},[43,19077,932],{"class":81},[43,19079,1231],{"class":85},[43,19081,82],{"class":81},[43,19083,18384],{"class":53},[43,19085,18318],{"class":53},[43,19087,19088,19091,19093,19095,19097,19099,19101,19103,19105,19107],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,19089,19090],{"class":207},"d",[43,19092,4221],{"class":53},[43,19094,82],{"class":81},[43,19096,189],{"class":85},[43,19098,82],{"class":81},[43,19100,13871],{"class":53},[43,19102,13874],{"class":236},[43,19104,54],{"class":53},[43,19106,797],{"class":63},[43,19108,227],{"class":53},[43,19110,19111,19113,19115,19117],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,19112,50],{"class":49},[43,19114,54],{"class":53},[43,19116,19090],{"class":236},[43,19118,227],{"class":53},[14,19120,110],{},[34,19122,19124],{"className":36,"code":19123,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[18,19125,19126],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19127,19128,19130,19132,19134,19136,19138,19140,19142,19144,19146,19148,19150,19152,19154,19156],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19129,9594],{"class":53},[43,19131,283],{"class":81},[43,19133,189],{"class":85},[43,19135,283],{"class":81},[43,19137,325],{"class":53},[43,19139,3942],{"class":53},[43,19141,797],{"class":63},[43,19143,18384],{"class":53},[43,19145,278],{"class":81},[43,19147,1231],{"class":85},[43,19149,283],{"class":81},[43,19151,325],{"class":53},[43,19153,3942],{"class":53},[43,19155,797],{"class":63},[43,19157,14027],{"class":53},[14,19159,19160],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[14,19162,19163],{},"Use this instead:",[34,19165,19167],{"className":36,"code":19166,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[18,19168,19169,19193,19217],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19170,19171,19173,19175,19177,19179,19181,19183,19185,19187,19189,19191],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19172,17565],{"class":207},[43,19174,212],{"class":211},[43,19176,3942],{"class":53},[43,19178,82],{"class":81},[43,19180,189],{"class":85},[43,19182,82],{"class":81},[43,19184,800],{"class":53},[43,19186,932],{"class":81},[43,19188,1231],{"class":85},[43,19190,82],{"class":81},[43,19192,3955],{"class":53},[43,19194,19195,19197,19199,19201,19203,19205,19207,19209,19211,19213,19215],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,19196,19057],{"class":207},[43,19198,212],{"class":211},[43,19200,1649],{"class":53},[43,19202,15163],{"class":207},[43,19204,325],{"class":53},[43,19206,18526],{"class":53},[43,19208,4197],{"class":1927},[43,19210,18531],{"class":207},[43,19212,4203],{"class":1927},[43,19214,18536],{"class":207},[43,19216,1667],{"class":53},[43,19218,19219,19221,19223,19225],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,19220,50],{"class":49},[43,19222,54],{"class":53},[43,19224,19090],{"class":236},[43,19226,227],{"class":53},[402,19228,19230,19231,19233],{"id":19229},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[18,19232,17541],{}," on a list",[14,19235,19236],{},"Wrong idea:",[34,19238,19240],{"className":36,"code":19239,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[18,19241,19242,19274],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19243,19244,19246,19248,19250,19252,19254,19256,19258,19260,19262,19264,19266,19268,19270,19272],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19245,17565],{"class":207},[43,19247,212],{"class":211},[43,19249,3942],{"class":53},[43,19251,82],{"class":81},[43,19253,189],{"class":85},[43,19255,82],{"class":81},[43,19257,800],{"class":53},[43,19259,932],{"class":81},[43,19261,1231],{"class":85},[43,19263,82],{"class":81},[43,19265,800],{"class":53},[43,19267,932],{"class":81},[43,19269,10055],{"class":85},[43,19271,82],{"class":81},[43,19273,3955],{"class":53},[43,19275,19276],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,19277,19278],{"class":3984},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[14,19280,19281,19283,19284,19286,19287,315],{},[18,19282,17541],{}," belongs to ",[18,19285,9140],{},", not ",[18,19288,849],{},[14,19290,19291],{},"Correct usage:",[34,19293,19295],{"className":36,"code":19294,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[18,19296,19297,19329,19351],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19298,19299,19301,19303,19305,19307,19309,19311,19313,19315,19317,19319,19321,19323,19325,19327],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19300,17565],{"class":207},[43,19302,212],{"class":211},[43,19304,3942],{"class":53},[43,19306,82],{"class":81},[43,19308,189],{"class":85},[43,19310,82],{"class":81},[43,19312,800],{"class":53},[43,19314,932],{"class":81},[43,19316,1231],{"class":85},[43,19318,82],{"class":81},[43,19320,800],{"class":53},[43,19322,932],{"class":81},[43,19324,10055],{"class":85},[43,19326,82],{"class":81},[43,19328,3955],{"class":53},[43,19330,19331,19333,19335,19337,19339,19341,19343,19345,19347,19349],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,19332,19057],{"class":207},[43,19334,212],{"class":211},[43,19336,9486],{"class":57},[43,19338,315],{"class":53},[43,19340,17606],{"class":236},[43,19342,54],{"class":53},[43,19344,17246],{"class":236},[43,19346,800],{"class":53},[43,19348,4155],{"class":63},[43,19350,227],{"class":53},[43,19352,19353,19355,19357,19359],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,19354,50],{"class":49},[43,19356,54],{"class":53},[43,19358,19090],{"class":236},[43,19360,227],{"class":53},[402,19362,8773,19364,19366],{"id":19363},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[18,19365,17541],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[14,19368,19369,19371],{},[18,19370,17546],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[34,19373,19375],{"className":36,"code":19374,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[18,19376,19377,19397,19431,19435,19445],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19378,19379,19381,19383,19385,19387,19389,19391,19393,19395],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19380,12404],{"class":207},[43,19382,212],{"class":211},[43,19384,1649],{"class":53},[43,19386,82],{"class":81},[43,19388,2519],{"class":85},[43,19390,82],{"class":81},[43,19392,325],{"class":53},[43,19394,5823],{"class":63},[43,19396,1667],{"class":53},[43,19398,19399,19401,19403,19405,19407,19409,19411,19413,19415,19417,19419,19421,19423,19425,19427,19429],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,19400,13358],{"class":207},[43,19402,212],{"class":211},[43,19404,9486],{"class":57},[43,19406,315],{"class":53},[43,19408,17606],{"class":236},[43,19410,794],{"class":53},[43,19412,82],{"class":81},[43,19414,189],{"class":85},[43,19416,82],{"class":81},[43,19418,800],{"class":53},[43,19420,932],{"class":81},[43,19422,1231],{"class":85},[43,19424,82],{"class":81},[43,19426,18384],{"class":53},[43,19428,4155],{"class":63},[43,19430,227],{"class":53},[43,19432,19433],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,19434,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,19436,19437,19439,19441,19443],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,19438,50],{"class":49},[43,19440,54],{"class":53},[43,19442,12451],{"class":236},[43,19444,227],{"class":53},[43,19446,19447,19449,19451,19454],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,19448,50],{"class":49},[43,19450,54],{"class":53},[43,19452,19453],{"class":236},"new_dict",[43,19455,227],{"class":53},[14,19457,110],{},[34,19459,19461],{"className":36,"code":19460,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[18,19462,19463,19479],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19464,19465,19467,19469,19471,19473,19475,19477],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19466,9594],{"class":53},[43,19468,283],{"class":81},[43,19470,2519],{"class":85},[43,19472,283],{"class":81},[43,19474,325],{"class":53},[43,19476,5823],{"class":63},[43,19478,1667],{"class":53},[43,19480,19481,19483,19485,19487,19489,19491,19493,19495,19497,19499,19501,19503,19505],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,19482,9594],{"class":53},[43,19484,283],{"class":81},[43,19486,189],{"class":85},[43,19488,283],{"class":81},[43,19490,325],{"class":53},[43,19492,4155],{"class":63},[43,19494,800],{"class":53},[43,19496,278],{"class":81},[43,19498,1231],{"class":85},[43,19500,283],{"class":81},[43,19502,325],{"class":53},[43,19504,4155],{"class":63},[43,19506,1667],{"class":53},[14,19508,19509,19510,315],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[189,19511,11051,19512,11055],{"href":14354},[18,19513,15276],{},[402,19515,19517,19518],{"id":19516},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[18,19519,4099],{},[34,19521,19523],{"className":36,"code":19522,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[18,19524,19525,19555],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19526,19527,19529,19531,19533,19535,19537,19539,19541,19543,19545,19547,19549,19551,19553],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19528,19057],{"class":207},[43,19530,212],{"class":211},[43,19532,9486],{"class":57},[43,19534,315],{"class":53},[43,19536,17606],{"class":236},[43,19538,794],{"class":53},[43,19540,82],{"class":81},[43,19542,2519],{"class":85},[43,19544,82],{"class":81},[43,19546,800],{"class":53},[43,19548,932],{"class":81},[43,19550,12063],{"class":85},[43,19552,82],{"class":81},[43,19554,4209],{"class":53},[43,19556,19557,19559,19561,19563],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,19558,50],{"class":49},[43,19560,54],{"class":53},[43,19562,19090],{"class":236},[43,19564,227],{"class":53},[14,19566,110],{},[34,19568,19570],{"className":36,"code":19569,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[18,19571,19572],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19573,19574,19576,19578,19580,19582,19584,19586,19588,19590,19592,19594,19596,19598],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19575,9594],{"class":53},[43,19577,283],{"class":81},[43,19579,2519],{"class":85},[43,19581,283],{"class":81},[43,19583,325],{"class":53},[43,19585,4173],{"class":104},[43,19587,800],{"class":53},[43,19589,278],{"class":81},[43,19591,12063],{"class":85},[43,19593,283],{"class":81},[43,19595,325],{"class":53},[43,19597,4173],{"class":104},[43,19599,1667],{"class":53},[14,19601,19602,19603,315],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[18,19604,4099],{},[29,19606,19608],{"id":19607},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[14,19610,19611,19612,19614],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[18,19613,17541],{}," works.",[34,19616,19618],{"className":36,"code":19617,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[18,19619,19620],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19621,19622,19624,19626,19628,19630,19632,19634,19636,19638,19640,19642,19644,19646,19648,19650,19652],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19623,50],{"class":49},[43,19625,54],{"class":53},[43,19627,9140],{"class":57},[43,19629,315],{"class":53},[43,19631,17606],{"class":236},[43,19633,794],{"class":53},[43,19635,82],{"class":81},[43,19637,189],{"class":85},[43,19639,82],{"class":81},[43,19641,800],{"class":53},[43,19643,932],{"class":81},[43,19645,1231],{"class":85},[43,19647,82],{"class":81},[43,19649,18384],{"class":53},[43,19651,4155],{"class":63},[43,19653,67],{"class":53},[34,19655,19656],{"className":36,"code":19522,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,19657,19658,19688],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19659,19660,19662,19664,19666,19668,19670,19672,19674,19676,19678,19680,19682,19684,19686],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19661,19057],{"class":207},[43,19663,212],{"class":211},[43,19665,9486],{"class":57},[43,19667,315],{"class":53},[43,19669,17606],{"class":236},[43,19671,794],{"class":53},[43,19673,82],{"class":81},[43,19675,2519],{"class":85},[43,19677,82],{"class":81},[43,19679,800],{"class":53},[43,19681,932],{"class":81},[43,19683,12063],{"class":85},[43,19685,82],{"class":81},[43,19687,4209],{"class":53},[43,19689,19690,19692,19694,19696],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,19691,50],{"class":49},[43,19693,54],{"class":53},[43,19695,19090],{"class":236},[43,19697,227],{"class":53},[34,19699,19700],{"className":36,"code":19050,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,19701,19702,19734,19756],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19703,19704,19706,19708,19710,19712,19714,19716,19718,19720,19722,19724,19726,19728,19730,19732],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19705,19057],{"class":207},[43,19707,212],{"class":211},[43,19709,9486],{"class":57},[43,19711,315],{"class":53},[43,19713,17606],{"class":236},[43,19715,794],{"class":53},[43,19717,82],{"class":81},[43,19719,189],{"class":85},[43,19721,82],{"class":81},[43,19723,800],{"class":53},[43,19725,932],{"class":81},[43,19727,1231],{"class":85},[43,19729,82],{"class":81},[43,19731,18384],{"class":53},[43,19733,18318],{"class":53},[43,19735,19736,19738,19740,19742,19744,19746,19748,19750,19752,19754],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,19737,19090],{"class":207},[43,19739,4221],{"class":53},[43,19741,82],{"class":81},[43,19743,189],{"class":85},[43,19745,82],{"class":81},[43,19747,13871],{"class":53},[43,19749,13874],{"class":236},[43,19751,54],{"class":53},[43,19753,797],{"class":63},[43,19755,227],{"class":53},[43,19757,19758,19760,19762,19764],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,19759,50],{"class":49},[43,19761,54],{"class":53},[43,19763,19090],{"class":236},[43,19765,227],{"class":53},[34,19767,19769],{"className":36,"code":19768,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[18,19770,19771],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19772,19773,19775,19777,19779,19781,19783,19785,19787,19789,19791,19793,19795,19797,19799,19801,19803,19805,19807],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19774,50],{"class":49},[43,19776,54],{"class":53},[43,19778,248],{"class":57},[43,19780,54],{"class":53},[43,19782,9140],{"class":57},[43,19784,315],{"class":53},[43,19786,17606],{"class":236},[43,19788,794],{"class":53},[43,19790,797],{"class":63},[43,19792,800],{"class":53},[43,19794,803],{"class":63},[43,19796,800],{"class":53},[43,19798,808],{"class":63},[43,19800,18384],{"class":53},[43,19802,932],{"class":81},[43,19804,307],{"class":85},[43,19806,82],{"class":81},[43,19808,3239],{"class":53},[29,19810,2162],{"id":2161},[402,19812,13023,19814,19816],{"id":19813},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[18,19815,17541],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[14,19818,19819],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[402,19821,19823],{"id":19822},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[14,19825,19826,19827,315],{},"Each key gets ",[18,19828,4099],{},[402,19830,19832],{"id":19831},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[14,19834,19835],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[402,19837,19839],{"id":19838},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[14,19841,18474],{},[34,19843,19845],{"className":36,"code":19844,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[18,19846,19847,19879],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,19848,19849,19851,19853,19855,19857,19859,19861,19863,19865,19867,19869,19871,19873,19875,19877],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,19850,17565],{"class":207},[43,19852,212],{"class":211},[43,19854,3942],{"class":53},[43,19856,82],{"class":81},[43,19858,189],{"class":85},[43,19860,82],{"class":81},[43,19862,800],{"class":53},[43,19864,932],{"class":81},[43,19866,1231],{"class":85},[43,19868,82],{"class":81},[43,19870,800],{"class":53},[43,19872,932],{"class":81},[43,19874,10055],{"class":85},[43,19876,82],{"class":81},[43,19878,3955],{"class":53},[43,19880,19881,19883,19885,19887,19889,19891,19893,19895,19897,19899,19901],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,19882,9481],{"class":207},[43,19884,212],{"class":211},[43,19886,1649],{"class":53},[43,19888,15163],{"class":207},[43,19890,325],{"class":53},[43,19892,18526],{"class":53},[43,19894,4197],{"class":1927},[43,19896,18531],{"class":207},[43,19898,4203],{"class":1927},[43,19900,18536],{"class":207},[43,19902,1667],{"class":53},[29,19904,2229],{"id":2228},[150,19906,19907,19911,19915,19919,19925],{},[153,19908,19909],{},[189,19910,11558],{"href":13346},[153,19912,19913],{},[189,19914,9471],{"href":13343},[153,19916,19917],{},[189,19918,11567],{"href":18225},[153,19920,19921],{},[189,19922,11051,19923,11055],{"href":14354},[18,19924,15276],{},[153,19926,19927],{},[189,19928,11051,19929,11055],{"href":15321},[18,19930,13096],{},[14,19932,133,19933,19935],{},[18,19934,17546],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2262,19937,19938],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":19940},[19941,19942,19944,19948,19949,19951,19956,19958,19965,19974,19975,19982],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":17646,"depth":70,"text":19943},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17690,"depth":70,"text":17691,"children":19945},[19946,19947],{"id":17717,"depth":93,"text":17718},{"id":902,"depth":93,"text":903},{"id":6112,"depth":70,"text":6113},{"id":17900,"depth":70,"text":19950},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18229,"depth":70,"text":18230,"children":19952},[19953,19954,19955],{"id":18259,"depth":93,"text":18260},{"id":18422,"depth":93,"text":18423},{"id":18470,"depth":93,"text":18471},{"id":18634,"depth":70,"text":19957},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18792,"depth":70,"text":19959,"children":19960},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19961,19963,19964],{"id":18803,"depth":93,"text":19962},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18868,"depth":93,"text":18869},{"id":18942,"depth":93,"text":18943},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160,"children":19966},[19967,19968,19970,19972],{"id":19046,"depth":93,"text":19047},{"id":19229,"depth":93,"text":19969},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19363,"depth":93,"text":19971},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19516,"depth":93,"text":19973},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19607,"depth":70,"text":19608},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":19976},[19977,19979,19980,19981],{"id":19813,"depth":93,"text":19978},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19822,"depth":93,"text":19823},{"id":19831,"depth":93,"text":19832},{"id":19838,"depth":93,"text":19839},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17533,"description":19983},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19990,"title":19991,"body":19992,"description":21821,"extension":2312,"meta":21822,"navigation":958,"path":21823,"seo":21824,"stem":21825,"__hash__":21826},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19993,"toc":21788},[19994,19999,20005,20016,20146,20153,20158,20162,20178,20180,20278,20281,20298,20302,20304,20309,20347,20350,20368,20370,20488,20493,20497,20513,20516,20652,20655,20660,20666,20669,20706,20709,20713,20718,20794,20798,20803,20885,20887,20903,20908,20912,20918,20987,20990,21007,21010,21092,21098,21101,21121,21125,21130,21136,21142,21213,21216,21222,21225,21299,21306,21312,21320,21330,21332,21427,21433,21438,21525,21531,21533,21538,21560,21563,21658,21661,21691,21704,21706,21714,21720,21726,21729,21735,21740,21747,21752,21754,21785],[10,19995,11634,19997,11638],{"id":19996},"python-dictionary-get-method",[18,19998,11054],{},[14,20000,20001,20002,20004],{},"The dictionary ",[18,20003,11054],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[14,20006,20007,20008,2534,20011,2733,20013,20015],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[18,20009,20010],{},"KeyError",[18,20012,11054],{},[18,20014,4099],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[34,20017,20019],{"className":36,"code":20018,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[18,20020,20021,20057,20061,20087,20112],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,20022,20023,20025,20027,20029,20031,20033,20035,20037,20039,20041,20043,20045,20047,20049,20051,20053,20055],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,20024,13525],{"class":207},[43,20026,212],{"class":211},[43,20028,1649],{"class":53},[43,20030,82],{"class":81},[43,20032,7992],{"class":85},[43,20034,82],{"class":81},[43,20036,325],{"class":53},[43,20038,932],{"class":81},[43,20040,13200],{"class":85},[43,20042,82],{"class":81},[43,20044,800],{"class":53},[43,20046,932],{"class":81},[43,20048,9615],{"class":85},[43,20050,82],{"class":81},[43,20052,325],{"class":53},[43,20054,9622],{"class":63},[43,20056,1667],{"class":53},[43,20058,20059],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,20060,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,20062,20063,20065,20067,20069,20071,20074,20076,20078,20080,20082,20084],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,20064,50],{"class":49},[43,20066,54],{"class":53},[43,20068,17630],{"class":236},[43,20070,315],{"class":53},[43,20072,20073],{"class":236},"get",[43,20075,54],{"class":53},[43,20077,82],{"class":81},[43,20079,7992],{"class":85},[43,20081,82],{"class":81},[43,20083,5686],{"class":53},[43,20085,20086],{"class":3984},"           # Ana\n",[43,20088,20089,20091,20093,20095,20097,20099,20101,20103,20105,20107,20109],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,20090,50],{"class":49},[43,20092,54],{"class":53},[43,20094,17630],{"class":236},[43,20096,315],{"class":53},[43,20098,20073],{"class":236},[43,20100,54],{"class":53},[43,20102,82],{"class":81},[43,20104,10725],{"class":85},[43,20106,82],{"class":81},[43,20108,5686],{"class":53},[43,20110,20111],{"class":3984},"           # None\n",[43,20113,20114,20116,20118,20120,20122,20124,20126,20128,20130,20132,20134,20136,20139,20141,20143],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,20115,50],{"class":49},[43,20117,54],{"class":53},[43,20119,17630],{"class":236},[43,20121,315],{"class":53},[43,20123,20073],{"class":236},[43,20125,54],{"class":53},[43,20127,82],{"class":81},[43,20129,10725],{"class":85},[43,20131,82],{"class":81},[43,20133,800],{"class":53},[43,20135,932],{"class":81},[43,20137,20138],{"class":85},"N\u002FA",[43,20140,82],{"class":81},[43,20142,5686],{"class":53},[43,20144,20145],{"class":3984},"    # N\u002FA\n",[14,20147,133,20148,20150,20151,315],{},[18,20149,11054],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[18,20152,20010],{},[29,20154,3998,20156,4001],{"id":20155},"what-get-does",[18,20157,11054],{},[14,20159,1073,20160,11729],{},[18,20161,11054],{},[150,20163,20164,20167,20172,20175],{},[153,20165,20166],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[153,20168,11740,20169,20171],{},[18,20170,4099],{}," if the key does not exist",[153,20173,20174],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[153,20176,20177],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[14,20179,197],{},[34,20181,20183],{"className":36,"code":20182,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[18,20184,20185,20224,20228,20253],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,20186,20187,20189,20191,20193,20195,20197,20199,20201,20203,20206,20208,20210,20212,20215,20217,20219,20222],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,20188,13183],{"class":207},[43,20190,212],{"class":211},[43,20192,1649],{"class":53},[43,20194,82],{"class":81},[43,20196,7992],{"class":85},[43,20198,82],{"class":81},[43,20200,325],{"class":53},[43,20202,932],{"class":81},[43,20204,20205],{"class":85},"Lina",[43,20207,82],{"class":81},[43,20209,800],{"class":53},[43,20211,932],{"class":81},[43,20213,20214],{"class":85},"grade",[43,20216,82],{"class":81},[43,20218,325],{"class":53},[43,20220,20221],{"class":63}," 90",[43,20223,1667],{"class":53},[43,20225,20226],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,20227,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,20229,20230,20232,20234,20236,20238,20240,20242,20244,20246,20248,20250],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,20231,50],{"class":49},[43,20233,54],{"class":53},[43,20235,13947],{"class":236},[43,20237,315],{"class":53},[43,20239,20073],{"class":236},[43,20241,54],{"class":53},[43,20243,82],{"class":81},[43,20245,7992],{"class":85},[43,20247,82],{"class":81},[43,20249,5686],{"class":53},[43,20251,20252],{"class":3984},"     # Lina\n",[43,20254,20255,20257,20259,20261,20263,20265,20267,20269,20271,20273,20275],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,20256,50],{"class":49},[43,20258,54],{"class":53},[43,20260,13947],{"class":236},[43,20262,315],{"class":53},[43,20264,20073],{"class":236},[43,20266,54],{"class":53},[43,20268,82],{"class":81},[43,20270,15580],{"class":85},[43,20272,82],{"class":81},[43,20274,5686],{"class":53},[43,20276,20277],{"class":3984},"    # None\n",[14,20279,20280],{},"In this example:",[150,20282,20283,20288],{},[153,20284,20285,20287],{},[18,20286,15561],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[153,20289,20290,20293,20294,2733,20296],{},[18,20291,20292],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[18,20295,11054],{},[18,20297,4099],{},[14,20299,13340,20300,315],{},[189,20301,9471],{"href":9470},[29,20303,290],{"id":289},[14,20305,20306,20307,325],{},"There are two common forms of ",[18,20308,11054],{},[34,20310,20312],{"className":36,"code":20311,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[18,20313,20314,20328],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,20315,20316,20318,20320,20322,20324,20326],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,20317,15926],{"class":207},[43,20319,315],{"class":53},[43,20321,20073],{"class":236},[43,20323,54],{"class":53},[43,20325,15163],{"class":236},[43,20327,227],{"class":53},[43,20329,20330,20332,20334,20336,20338,20340,20342,20345],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,20331,15926],{"class":207},[43,20333,315],{"class":53},[43,20335,20073],{"class":236},[43,20337,54],{"class":53},[43,20339,15163],{"class":236},[43,20341,800],{"class":53},[43,20343,20344],{"class":236}," default_value",[43,20346,227],{"class":53},[14,20348,20349],{},"What each part means:",[150,20351,20352,20357,20363],{},[153,20353,20354,20356],{},[18,20355,15163],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[153,20358,20359,20362],{},[18,20360,20361],{},"default_value"," is optional",[153,20364,20365,20366],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[18,20367,4099],{},[14,20369,197],{},[34,20371,20373],{"className":36,"code":20372,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[18,20374,20375,20399,20403,20428,20454],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,20376,20377,20379,20381,20383,20385,20387,20389,20391,20393,20395,20397],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,20378,14147],{"class":207},[43,20380,212],{"class":211},[43,20382,1649],{"class":53},[43,20384,82],{"class":81},[43,20386,12813],{"class":85},[43,20388,82],{"class":81},[43,20390,325],{"class":53},[43,20392,932],{"class":81},[43,20394,12822],{"class":85},[43,20396,82],{"class":81},[43,20398,1667],{"class":53},[43,20400,20401],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,20402,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,20404,20405,20407,20409,20411,20413,20415,20417,20419,20421,20423,20425],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,20406,50],{"class":49},[43,20408,54],{"class":53},[43,20410,14206],{"class":236},[43,20412,315],{"class":53},[43,20414,20073],{"class":236},[43,20416,54],{"class":53},[43,20418,82],{"class":81},[43,20420,12813],{"class":85},[43,20422,82],{"class":81},[43,20424,5686],{"class":53},[43,20426,20427],{"class":3984},"            # dark\n",[43,20429,20430,20432,20434,20436,20438,20440,20442,20444,20447,20449,20451],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,20431,50],{"class":49},[43,20433,54],{"class":53},[43,20435,14206],{"class":236},[43,20437,315],{"class":53},[43,20439,20073],{"class":236},[43,20441,54],{"class":53},[43,20443,82],{"class":81},[43,20445,20446],{"class":85},"language",[43,20448,82],{"class":81},[43,20450,5686],{"class":53},[43,20452,20453],{"class":3984},"         # None\n",[43,20455,20456,20458,20460,20462,20464,20466,20468,20470,20472,20474,20476,20478,20481,20483,20485],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,20457,50],{"class":49},[43,20459,54],{"class":53},[43,20461,14206],{"class":236},[43,20463,315],{"class":53},[43,20465,20073],{"class":236},[43,20467,54],{"class":53},[43,20469,82],{"class":81},[43,20471,20446],{"class":85},[43,20473,82],{"class":81},[43,20475,800],{"class":53},[43,20477,932],{"class":81},[43,20479,20480],{"class":85},"en",[43,20482,82],{"class":81},[43,20484,5686],{"class":53},[43,20486,20487],{"class":3984},"   # en\n",[29,20489,5284,20491],{"id":20490},"when-to-use-get",[18,20492,11054],{},[14,20494,133,20495,10916],{},[18,20496,11054],{},[150,20498,20499,20502,20507,20510],{},[153,20500,20501],{},"A key might not exist",[153,20503,20504,20505],{},"You want to avoid ",[18,20506,20010],{},[153,20508,20509],{},"You are reading optional data",[153,20511,20512],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[14,20514,20515],{},"Example with optional user data:",[34,20517,20519],{"className":36,"code":20518,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[18,20520,20521,20563,20567,20592,20618],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,20522,20523,20525,20527,20529,20531,20533,20535,20537,20539,20542,20544,20546,20548,20550,20552,20554,20556,20559,20561],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,20524,11805],{"class":207},[43,20526,212],{"class":211},[43,20528,1649],{"class":53},[43,20530,82],{"class":81},[43,20532,8311],{"class":85},[43,20534,82],{"class":81},[43,20536,325],{"class":53},[43,20538,932],{"class":81},[43,20540,20541],{"class":85},"sam",[43,20543,82],{"class":81},[43,20545,800],{"class":53},[43,20547,932],{"class":81},[43,20549,15580],{"class":85},[43,20551,82],{"class":81},[43,20553,325],{"class":53},[43,20555,932],{"class":81},[43,20557,20558],{"class":85},"sam@example.com",[43,20560,82],{"class":81},[43,20562,1667],{"class":53},[43,20564,20565],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,20566,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,20568,20569,20571,20573,20575,20577,20579,20581,20583,20585,20587,20589],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,20570,50],{"class":49},[43,20572,54],{"class":53},[43,20574,11899],{"class":236},[43,20576,315],{"class":53},[43,20578,20073],{"class":236},[43,20580,54],{"class":53},[43,20582,82],{"class":81},[43,20584,8311],{"class":85},[43,20586,82],{"class":81},[43,20588,5686],{"class":53},[43,20590,20591],{"class":3984},"              # sam\n",[43,20593,20594,20596,20598,20600,20602,20604,20606,20608,20611,20613,20615],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,20595,50],{"class":49},[43,20597,54],{"class":53},[43,20599,11899],{"class":236},[43,20601,315],{"class":53},[43,20603,20073],{"class":236},[43,20605,54],{"class":53},[43,20607,82],{"class":81},[43,20609,20610],{"class":85},"phone",[43,20612,82],{"class":81},[43,20614,5686],{"class":53},[43,20616,20617],{"class":3984},"                 # None\n",[43,20619,20620,20622,20624,20626,20628,20630,20632,20634,20636,20638,20640,20642,20645,20647,20649],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,20621,50],{"class":49},[43,20623,54],{"class":53},[43,20625,11899],{"class":236},[43,20627,315],{"class":53},[43,20629,20073],{"class":236},[43,20631,54],{"class":53},[43,20633,82],{"class":81},[43,20635,20610],{"class":85},[43,20637,82],{"class":81},[43,20639,800],{"class":53},[43,20641,932],{"class":81},[43,20643,20644],{"class":85},"Not provided",[43,20646,82],{"class":81},[43,20648,5686],{"class":53},[43,20650,20651],{"class":3984}," # Not provided\n",[14,20653,20654],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[14,20656,20657,20658,315],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[189,20659,16920],{"href":16919},[29,20661,20663,20665],{"id":20662},"get-vs-square-brackets",[18,20664,11054],{}," vs square brackets",[14,20667,20668],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[34,20670,20672],{"className":36,"code":20671,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[18,20673,20674,20688],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,20675,20676,20678,20680,20682,20684,20686],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,20677,9520],{"class":207},[43,20679,4221],{"class":53},[43,20681,82],{"class":81},[43,20683,15163],{"class":85},[43,20685,82],{"class":81},[43,20687,3955],{"class":53},[43,20689,20690,20692,20694,20696,20698,20700,20702,20704],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,20691,9520],{"class":207},[43,20693,315],{"class":53},[43,20695,20073],{"class":236},[43,20697,54],{"class":53},[43,20699,82],{"class":81},[43,20701,15163],{"class":85},[43,20703,82],{"class":81},[43,20705,227],{"class":53},[14,20707,20708],{},"The difference is important.",[402,20710,20712],{"id":20711},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[14,20714,20715,20716,315],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[18,20717,20010],{},[34,20719,20721],{"className":36,"code":20720,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[18,20722,20723,20747,20751,20773],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,20724,20725,20727,20729,20731,20733,20735,20737,20739,20741,20743,20745],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,20726,9481],{"class":207},[43,20728,212],{"class":211},[43,20730,1649],{"class":53},[43,20732,82],{"class":81},[43,20734,7992],{"class":85},[43,20736,82],{"class":81},[43,20738,325],{"class":53},[43,20740,932],{"class":81},[43,20742,13200],{"class":85},[43,20744,82],{"class":81},[43,20746,1667],{"class":53},[43,20748,20749],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,20750,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,20752,20753,20755,20757,20759,20761,20763,20765,20767,20770],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,20754,50],{"class":49},[43,20756,54],{"class":53},[43,20758,9520],{"class":236},[43,20760,4221],{"class":53},[43,20762,82],{"class":81},[43,20764,7992],{"class":85},[43,20766,82],{"class":81},[43,20768,20769],{"class":53},"])",[43,20771,20772],{"class":3984},"   # Ana\n",[43,20774,20775,20777,20779,20781,20783,20785,20787,20789,20791],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,20776,50],{"class":49},[43,20778,54],{"class":53},[43,20780,9520],{"class":236},[43,20782,4221],{"class":53},[43,20784,82],{"class":81},[43,20786,10725],{"class":85},[43,20788,82],{"class":81},[43,20790,20769],{"class":53},[43,20792,20793],{"class":3984},"   # KeyError\n",[402,20795,20796],{"id":20073},[18,20797,11054],{},[14,20799,20800,20802],{},[18,20801,11054],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[34,20804,20806],{"className":36,"code":20805,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[18,20807,20808,20832,20836,20860],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,20809,20810,20812,20814,20816,20818,20820,20822,20824,20826,20828,20830],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,20811,9481],{"class":207},[43,20813,212],{"class":211},[43,20815,1649],{"class":53},[43,20817,82],{"class":81},[43,20819,7992],{"class":85},[43,20821,82],{"class":81},[43,20823,325],{"class":53},[43,20825,932],{"class":81},[43,20827,13200],{"class":85},[43,20829,82],{"class":81},[43,20831,1667],{"class":53},[43,20833,20834],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,20835,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,20837,20838,20840,20842,20844,20846,20848,20850,20852,20854,20856,20858],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,20839,50],{"class":49},[43,20841,54],{"class":53},[43,20843,9520],{"class":236},[43,20845,315],{"class":53},[43,20847,20073],{"class":236},[43,20849,54],{"class":53},[43,20851,82],{"class":81},[43,20853,7992],{"class":85},[43,20855,82],{"class":81},[43,20857,5686],{"class":53},[43,20859,20772],{"class":3984},[43,20861,20862,20864,20866,20868,20870,20872,20874,20876,20878,20880,20882],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,20863,50],{"class":49},[43,20865,54],{"class":53},[43,20867,9520],{"class":236},[43,20869,315],{"class":53},[43,20871,20073],{"class":236},[43,20873,54],{"class":53},[43,20875,82],{"class":81},[43,20877,10725],{"class":85},[43,20879,82],{"class":81},[43,20881,5686],{"class":53},[43,20883,20884],{"class":3984},"   # None\n",[14,20886,19017],{},[150,20888,20889,20895],{},[153,20890,20891,20892],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[913,20893,20894],{},"must exist",[153,20896,20897,20899,20900],{},[18,20898,11054],{}," when the key is ",[913,20901,20902],{},"optional",[14,20904,20905,20906,315],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[189,20907,11578],{"href":11389},[29,20909,20911],{"id":20910},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[14,20913,20914,20915,20917],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[18,20916,11054],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[34,20919,20921],{"className":36,"code":20920,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[18,20922,20923,20948,20952],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,20924,20925,20928,20930,20932,20934,20936,20938,20940,20942,20944,20946],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,20926,20927],{"class":207},"profile ",[43,20929,212],{"class":211},[43,20931,1649],{"class":53},[43,20933,82],{"class":81},[43,20935,7992],{"class":85},[43,20937,82],{"class":81},[43,20939,325],{"class":53},[43,20941,932],{"class":81},[43,20943,8247],{"class":85},[43,20945,82],{"class":81},[43,20947,1667],{"class":53},[43,20949,20950],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,20951,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,20953,20954,20956,20958,20961,20963,20965,20967,20969,20971,20973,20975,20977,20980,20982,20984],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,20955,50],{"class":49},[43,20957,54],{"class":53},[43,20959,20960],{"class":236},"profile",[43,20962,315],{"class":53},[43,20964,20073],{"class":236},[43,20966,54],{"class":53},[43,20968,82],{"class":81},[43,20970,15583],{"class":85},[43,20972,82],{"class":81},[43,20974,800],{"class":53},[43,20976,932],{"class":81},[43,20978,20979],{"class":85},"Unknown",[43,20981,82],{"class":81},[43,20983,5686],{"class":53},[43,20985,20986],{"class":3984},"  # Unknown\n",[14,20988,20989],{},"This is useful for display text:",[150,20991,20992,20997,21002],{},[153,20993,20994],{},[18,20995,20996],{},"\"Unknown\"",[153,20998,20999],{},[18,21000,21001],{},"\"Not set\"",[153,21003,21004],{},[18,21005,21006],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[14,21008,21009],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[34,21011,21013],{"className":36,"code":21012,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[18,21014,21015,21047,21051,21078],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,21016,21017,21019,21021,21023,21025,21027,21029,21031,21033,21035,21037,21039,21041,21043,21045],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,21018,5387],{"class":207},[43,21020,212],{"class":211},[43,21022,1649],{"class":53},[43,21024,82],{"class":81},[43,21026,18739],{"class":85},[43,21028,82],{"class":81},[43,21030,325],{"class":53},[43,21032,6331],{"class":63},[43,21034,800],{"class":53},[43,21036,932],{"class":81},[43,21038,18748],{"class":85},[43,21040,82],{"class":81},[43,21042,325],{"class":53},[43,21044,6686],{"class":63},[43,21046,1667],{"class":53},[43,21048,21049],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,21050,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,21052,21053,21056,21058,21060,21062,21064,21066,21068,21070,21072,21074,21076],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,21054,21055],{"class":207},"total_history ",[43,21057,212],{"class":211},[43,21059,5434],{"class":207},[43,21061,315],{"class":53},[43,21063,20073],{"class":236},[43,21065,54],{"class":53},[43,21067,82],{"class":81},[43,21069,18757],{"class":85},[43,21071,82],{"class":81},[43,21073,800],{"class":53},[43,21075,4155],{"class":63},[43,21077,227],{"class":53},[43,21079,21080,21082,21084,21087,21089],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,21081,50],{"class":49},[43,21083,54],{"class":53},[43,21085,21086],{"class":236},"total_history",[43,21088,1221],{"class":53},[43,21090,21091],{"class":3984},"   # 0\n",[14,21093,21094,21095,21097],{},"Here, ",[18,21096,2466],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[14,21099,21100],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[150,21102,21103,21106,21111,21116],{},[153,21104,21105],{},"Use a string for text",[153,21107,133,21108,21110],{},[18,21109,2466],{}," for numbers",[153,21112,133,21113,21115],{},[18,21114,4108],{}," for lists if needed",[153,21117,133,21118,21120],{},[18,21119,4113],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[29,21122,21124],{"id":21123},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[14,21126,21127,21128,315],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[18,21129,11054],{},[402,21131,21133,21135],{"id":21132},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[18,21134,11054],{}," does not add a missing key",[14,21137,21138,21139,21141],{},"This code does ",[913,21140,734],{}," create a new key:",[34,21143,21145],{"className":36,"code":21144,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,21146,21147,21171,21175,21200],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,21148,21149,21151,21153,21155,21157,21159,21161,21163,21165,21167,21169],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,21150,13525],{"class":207},[43,21152,212],{"class":211},[43,21154,1649],{"class":53},[43,21156,82],{"class":81},[43,21158,7992],{"class":85},[43,21160,82],{"class":81},[43,21162,325],{"class":53},[43,21164,932],{"class":81},[43,21166,13200],{"class":85},[43,21168,82],{"class":81},[43,21170,1667],{"class":53},[43,21172,21173],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,21174,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,21176,21177,21179,21181,21183,21185,21187,21189,21191,21193,21195,21197],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,21178,50],{"class":49},[43,21180,54],{"class":53},[43,21182,17630],{"class":236},[43,21184,315],{"class":53},[43,21186,20073],{"class":236},[43,21188,54],{"class":53},[43,21190,82],{"class":81},[43,21192,10725],{"class":85},[43,21194,82],{"class":81},[43,21196,5686],{"class":53},[43,21198,21199],{"class":3984},"  # None\n",[43,21201,21202,21204,21206,21208,21210],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,21203,50],{"class":49},[43,21205,54],{"class":53},[43,21207,17630],{"class":236},[43,21209,1221],{"class":53},[43,21211,21212],{"class":3984},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[14,21214,21215],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[402,21217,21219,21221],{"id":21218},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[18,21220,11054],{}," does not change the dictionary",[14,21223,21224],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[34,21226,21228],{"className":36,"code":21227,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[18,21229,21230,21256,21260,21286],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,21231,21232,21234,21236,21238,21240,21243,21245,21247,21249,21252,21254],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,21233,14147],{"class":207},[43,21235,212],{"class":211},[43,21237,1649],{"class":53},[43,21239,82],{"class":81},[43,21241,21242],{"class":85},"mode",[43,21244,82],{"class":81},[43,21246,325],{"class":53},[43,21248,932],{"class":81},[43,21250,21251],{"class":85},"light",[43,21253,82],{"class":81},[43,21255,1667],{"class":53},[43,21257,21258],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,21259,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,21261,21262,21264,21266,21268,21270,21272,21274,21276,21278,21280,21282,21284],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,21263,14206],{"class":207},[43,21265,315],{"class":53},[43,21267,20073],{"class":236},[43,21269,54],{"class":53},[43,21271,82],{"class":81},[43,21273,12813],{"class":85},[43,21275,82],{"class":81},[43,21277,800],{"class":53},[43,21279,932],{"class":81},[43,21281,12822],{"class":85},[43,21283,82],{"class":81},[43,21285,227],{"class":53},[43,21287,21288,21290,21292,21294,21296],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,21289,50],{"class":49},[43,21291,54],{"class":53},[43,21293,14206],{"class":236},[43,21295,1221],{"class":53},[43,21297,21298],{"class":3984},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[14,21300,21301,21302,21305],{},"Even though ",[18,21303,21304],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[402,21307,21309,21310],{"id":21308},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[18,21311,4099],{},[14,21313,21314,21315,2733,21317,21319],{},"Sometimes ",[18,21316,11054],{},[18,21318,4099],{}," because:",[150,21321,21322,21325],{},[153,21323,21324],{},"The key is missing, or",[153,21326,21327,21328],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[18,21329,4099],{},[14,21331,197],{},[34,21333,21335],{"className":36,"code":21334,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[18,21336,21337,21374,21378,21402],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,21338,21339,21341,21343,21345,21347,21349,21351,21353,21355,21357,21359,21361,21363,21366,21368,21370,21372],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,21340,9481],{"class":207},[43,21342,212],{"class":211},[43,21344,1649],{"class":53},[43,21346,82],{"class":81},[43,21348,7992],{"class":85},[43,21350,82],{"class":81},[43,21352,325],{"class":53},[43,21354,932],{"class":81},[43,21356,13200],{"class":85},[43,21358,82],{"class":81},[43,21360,800],{"class":53},[43,21362,932],{"class":81},[43,21364,21365],{"class":85},"nickname",[43,21367,82],{"class":81},[43,21369,325],{"class":53},[43,21371,4173],{"class":104},[43,21373,1667],{"class":53},[43,21375,21376],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,21377,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,21379,21380,21382,21384,21386,21388,21390,21392,21394,21396,21398,21400],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,21381,50],{"class":49},[43,21383,54],{"class":53},[43,21385,9520],{"class":236},[43,21387,315],{"class":53},[43,21389,20073],{"class":236},[43,21391,54],{"class":53},[43,21393,82],{"class":81},[43,21395,21365],{"class":85},[43,21397,82],{"class":81},[43,21399,5686],{"class":53},[43,21401,21199],{"class":3984},[43,21403,21404,21406,21408,21410,21412,21414,21416,21418,21420,21422,21424],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,21405,50],{"class":49},[43,21407,54],{"class":53},[43,21409,9520],{"class":236},[43,21411,315],{"class":53},[43,21413,20073],{"class":236},[43,21415,54],{"class":53},[43,21417,82],{"class":81},[43,21419,10725],{"class":85},[43,21421,82],{"class":81},[43,21423,5686],{"class":53},[43,21425,21426],{"class":3984},"      # None\n",[14,21428,21429,21430,21432],{},"Both lines print ",[18,21431,4099],{},", but they mean different things.",[14,21434,21435,21436,325],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[18,21437,4203],{},[34,21439,21441],{"className":36,"code":21440,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[18,21442,21443,21479,21483,21504],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,21444,21445,21447,21449,21451,21453,21455,21457,21459,21461,21463,21465,21467,21469,21471,21473,21475,21477],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,21446,9481],{"class":207},[43,21448,212],{"class":211},[43,21450,1649],{"class":53},[43,21452,82],{"class":81},[43,21454,7992],{"class":85},[43,21456,82],{"class":81},[43,21458,325],{"class":53},[43,21460,932],{"class":81},[43,21462,13200],{"class":85},[43,21464,82],{"class":81},[43,21466,800],{"class":53},[43,21468,932],{"class":81},[43,21470,21365],{"class":85},[43,21472,82],{"class":81},[43,21474,325],{"class":53},[43,21476,4173],{"class":104},[43,21478,1667],{"class":53},[43,21480,21481],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,21482,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,21484,21485,21487,21489,21491,21493,21495,21498,21500,21502],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,21486,50],{"class":49},[43,21488,54],{"class":53},[43,21490,82],{"class":81},[43,21492,21365],{"class":85},[43,21494,82],{"class":81},[43,21496,21497],{"class":1927}," in",[43,21499,14888],{"class":236},[43,21501,1221],{"class":53},[43,21503,3985],{"class":3984},[43,21505,21506,21508,21510,21512,21514,21516,21518,21520,21522],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,21507,50],{"class":49},[43,21509,54],{"class":53},[43,21511,82],{"class":81},[43,21513,10725],{"class":85},[43,21515,82],{"class":81},[43,21517,21497],{"class":1927},[43,21519,14888],{"class":236},[43,21521,1221],{"class":53},[43,21523,21524],{"class":3984},"      # False\n",[14,21526,21527,21528,315],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[189,21529,21530],{"href":17476},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[29,21532,3160],{"id":3159},[14,21534,21535,21536,325],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[18,21537,11054],{},[150,21539,21540,21545,21552,21557],{},[153,21541,21542,21543],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[18,21544,20010],{},[153,21546,1572,21547,2733,21549,21551],{},[18,21548,11054],{},[18,21550,4099],{}," if no default is provided",[153,21553,4903,21554,21556],{},[18,21555,11054],{}," creates a key automatically",[153,21558,21559],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[14,21561,21562],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[34,21564,21566],{"className":36,"code":21565,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[18,21567,21568,21578,21592,21610,21632],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,21569,21570,21572,21574,21576],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,21571,50],{"class":49},[43,21573,54],{"class":53},[43,21575,11766],{"class":236},[43,21577,227],{"class":53},[43,21579,21580,21582,21584,21586,21588,21590],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,21581,50],{"class":49},[43,21583,54],{"class":53},[43,21585,11766],{"class":236},[43,21587,315],{"class":53},[43,21589,17246],{"class":236},[43,21591,341],{"class":53},[43,21593,21594,21596,21598,21600,21602,21604,21606,21608],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,21595,50],{"class":49},[43,21597,54],{"class":53},[43,21599,283],{"class":81},[43,21601,7992],{"class":85},[43,21603,283],{"class":81},[43,21605,21497],{"class":1927},[43,21607,12084],{"class":236},[43,21609,227],{"class":53},[43,21611,21612,21614,21616,21618,21620,21622,21624,21626,21628,21630],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,21613,50],{"class":49},[43,21615,54],{"class":53},[43,21617,11766],{"class":236},[43,21619,315],{"class":53},[43,21621,20073],{"class":236},[43,21623,54],{"class":53},[43,21625,283],{"class":81},[43,21627,7992],{"class":85},[43,21629,283],{"class":81},[43,21631,67],{"class":53},[43,21633,21634,21636,21638,21640,21642,21644,21646,21648,21650,21652,21654,21656],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,21635,50],{"class":49},[43,21637,54],{"class":53},[43,21639,248],{"class":57},[43,21641,54],{"class":53},[43,21643,11766],{"class":236},[43,21645,315],{"class":53},[43,21647,20073],{"class":236},[43,21649,54],{"class":53},[43,21651,283],{"class":81},[43,21653,7992],{"class":85},[43,21655,283],{"class":81},[43,21657,3239],{"class":53},[14,21659,21660],{},"What these checks tell you:",[150,21662,21663,21668,21674,21680,21686],{},[153,21664,21665,21667],{},[18,21666,12998],{}," shows the full dictionary",[153,21669,21670,21673],{},[18,21671,21672],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[153,21675,21676,21679],{},[18,21677,21678],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[153,21681,21682,21685],{},[18,21683,21684],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[153,21687,21688,1876],{},[18,21689,21690],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))",[14,21692,21693,21694,895,21699,21703],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[189,21695,21696,21697,11055],{"href":17385},"the dictionary ",[18,21698,17388],{},[189,21700,21696,21701,11055],{"href":17398},[18,21702,17401],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[29,21705,2162],{"id":2161},[402,21707,13023,21709,21711,21712,2822],{"id":21708},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[18,21710,11054],{}," raise ",[18,21713,20010],{},[14,21715,21716,21717,21719],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[18,21718,4099],{}," or the default value you provide.",[402,21721,13023,21723,21725],{"id":21722},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[18,21724,11054],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[14,21727,21728],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[402,21730,21732,21733,2822],{"id":21731},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[18,21734,11054],{},[14,21736,21737,21739],{},[18,21738,4099],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[402,21741,21743,21744,21746],{"id":21742},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[18,21745,11054],{}," or square brackets?",[14,21748,133,21749,21751],{},[18,21750,11054],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[29,21753,2229],{"id":2228},[150,21755,21756,21760,21766,21772,21776,21781],{},[153,21757,21758],{},[189,21759,9471],{"href":9470},[153,21761,21762],{},[189,21763,11051,21764,11055],{"href":17385},[18,21765,17388],{},[153,21767,21768],{},[189,21769,11051,21770,11055],{"href":17398},[18,21771,17401],{},[153,21773,21774],{},[189,21775,17477],{"href":17476},[153,21777,21778],{},[189,21779,21780],{"href":16919},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[153,21782,21783],{},[189,21784,11578],{"href":11389},[2262,21786,21787],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":21789},[21790,21792,21793,21795,21800,21801,21809,21810,21820],{"id":20155,"depth":70,"text":21791},"What get() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":20490,"depth":70,"text":21794},"When to use get()",{"id":20662,"depth":70,"text":21796,"children":21797},"get() vs square brackets",[21798,21799],{"id":20711,"depth":93,"text":20712},{"id":20073,"depth":93,"text":11054},{"id":20910,"depth":70,"text":20911},{"id":21123,"depth":70,"text":21124,"children":21802},[21803,21805,21807],{"id":21132,"depth":93,"text":21804},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21218,"depth":93,"text":21806},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21308,"depth":93,"text":21808},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":21811},[21812,21814,21816,21818],{"id":21708,"depth":93,"text":21813},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21722,"depth":93,"text":21815},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21731,"depth":93,"text":21817},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21742,"depth":93,"text":21819},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19991,"description":21821},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21828,"title":21829,"body":21830,"description":24387,"extension":2312,"meta":24388,"navigation":958,"path":24389,"seo":24390,"stem":24391,"__hash__":24392},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21831,"toc":24353},[21832,21837,21843,21849,21851,21933,21937,21954,21959,21964,21969,21971,21985,21987,22050,22054,22094,22102,22104,22106,22121,22124,22137,22139,22218,22222,22288,22290,22294,22302,22304,22315,22317,22427,22431,22510,22516,22522,22527,22640,22644,22676,22679,22786,22792,22799,22803,22806,22909,22913,22974,22977,22980,22991,23000,23003,23020,23022,23121,23125,23200,23203,23226,23231,23236,23253,23255,23376,23380,23414,23416,23421,23428,23438,23440,23518,23521,23592,23602,23605,23637,23640,23679,23685,23692,23695,23786,23790,23871,23877,23880,23883,23988,23991,23994,24116,24120,24123,24190,24194,24231,24237,24239,24245,24250,24256,24263,24269,24272,24311,24317,24320,24322,24350],[10,21833,11634,21835,11638],{"id":21834},"python-dictionary-items-method",[18,21836,17401],{},[14,21838,1073,21839,21842],{},[18,21840,21841],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[14,21844,21845,21846,21848],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[18,21847,17401],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[29,21850,32],{"id":31},[34,21852,21854],{"className":36,"code":21853,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,21855,21856,21892,21896,21919],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,21857,21858,21860,21862,21864,21866,21868,21870,21872,21874,21876,21878,21880,21882,21884,21886,21888,21890],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,21859,13525],{"class":207},[43,21861,212],{"class":211},[43,21863,1649],{"class":53},[43,21865,82],{"class":81},[43,21867,7992],{"class":85},[43,21869,82],{"class":81},[43,21871,325],{"class":53},[43,21873,932],{"class":81},[43,21875,13200],{"class":85},[43,21877,82],{"class":81},[43,21879,800],{"class":53},[43,21881,932],{"class":81},[43,21883,9615],{"class":85},[43,21885,82],{"class":81},[43,21887,325],{"class":53},[43,21889,9622],{"class":63},[43,21891,1667],{"class":53},[43,21893,21894],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,21895,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,21897,21898,21900,21903,21905,21908,21910,21912,21914,21916],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,21899,6284],{"class":1927},[43,21901,21902],{"class":207}," key",[43,21904,800],{"class":53},[43,21906,21907],{"class":207}," value ",[43,21909,4203],{"class":1927},[43,21911,13568],{"class":207},[43,21913,315],{"class":53},[43,21915,8135],{"class":236},[43,21917,21918],{"class":53},"():\n",[43,21920,21921,21923,21925,21927,21929,21931],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,21922,1951],{"class":49},[43,21924,54],{"class":53},[43,21926,15163],{"class":236},[43,21928,800],{"class":53},[43,21930,1720],{"class":236},[43,21932,227],{"class":53},[14,21934,21935],{},[913,21936,110],{},[34,21938,21940],{"className":36,"code":21939,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[18,21941,21942,21947],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,21943,21944],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,21945,21946],{"class":207},"name Ana\n",[43,21948,21949,21952],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,21950,21951],{"class":207},"age ",[43,21953,3038],{"class":63},[14,21955,133,21956,21958],{},[18,21957,17401],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[29,21960,3998,21962,4001],{"id":21961},"what-items-does",[18,21963,17401],{},[14,21965,21966,21968],{},[18,21967,17401],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[14,21970,11775],{},[150,21972,21973,21979,21982],{},[153,21974,21975,21976],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[18,21977,21978],{},"(key, value)",[153,21980,21981],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[153,21983,21984],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[14,21986,197],{},[34,21988,21990],{"className":36,"code":21989,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[18,21991,21992,22028,22032],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,21993,21994,21996,21998,22000,22002,22004,22006,22008,22010,22012,22014,22016,22018,22020,22022,22024,22026],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,21995,13525],{"class":207},[43,21997,212],{"class":211},[43,21999,1649],{"class":53},[43,22001,82],{"class":81},[43,22003,7992],{"class":85},[43,22005,82],{"class":81},[43,22007,325],{"class":53},[43,22009,932],{"class":81},[43,22011,13200],{"class":85},[43,22013,82],{"class":81},[43,22015,800],{"class":53},[43,22017,932],{"class":81},[43,22019,9615],{"class":85},[43,22021,82],{"class":81},[43,22023,325],{"class":53},[43,22025,9622],{"class":63},[43,22027,1667],{"class":53},[43,22029,22030],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,22031,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,22033,22034,22036,22038,22040,22042,22044,22046,22048],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,22035,50],{"class":49},[43,22037,54],{"class":53},[43,22039,849],{"class":57},[43,22041,54],{"class":53},[43,22043,17630],{"class":236},[43,22045,315],{"class":53},[43,22047,8135],{"class":236},[43,22049,6616],{"class":53},[14,22051,22052],{},[913,22053,110],{},[34,22055,22057],{"className":36,"code":22056,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[18,22058,22059],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,22060,22061,22064,22066,22068,22070,22072,22074,22076,22078,22080,22082,22084,22086,22088,22090,22092],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,22062,22063],{"class":53},"[(",[43,22065,283],{"class":81},[43,22067,7992],{"class":85},[43,22069,283],{"class":81},[43,22071,800],{"class":53},[43,22073,278],{"class":81},[43,22075,13200],{"class":85},[43,22077,283],{"class":81},[43,22079,9549],{"class":53},[43,22081,9552],{"class":53},[43,22083,283],{"class":81},[43,22085,9615],{"class":85},[43,22087,283],{"class":81},[43,22089,800],{"class":53},[43,22091,9622],{"class":63},[43,22093,9565],{"class":53},[14,22095,22096,22097,2172,22099,315],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[189,22098,9471],{"href":13343},[189,22100,15347],{"href":22101},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[29,22103,290],{"id":289},[14,22105,5759],{},[34,22107,22109],{"className":36,"code":22108,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict.items()\n",[18,22110,22111],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,22112,22113,22115,22117,22119],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,22114,11766],{"class":207},[43,22116,315],{"class":53},[43,22118,8135],{"class":236},[43,22120,1728],{"class":53},[14,22122,22123],{},"Things to remember:",[150,22125,22126,22131,22134],{},[153,22127,22128,22130],{},[18,22129,17401],{}," does not take any arguments",[153,22132,22133],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[153,22135,22136],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[14,22138,197],{},[34,22140,22142],{"className":36,"code":22141,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,22143,22144,22176,22180,22194,22198,22208],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,22145,22146,22148,22150,22152,22154,22156,22158,22160,22162,22164,22166,22168,22170,22172,22174],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,22147,5387],{"class":207},[43,22149,212],{"class":211},[43,22151,1649],{"class":53},[43,22153,82],{"class":81},[43,22155,5327],{"class":85},[43,22157,82],{"class":81},[43,22159,325],{"class":53},[43,22161,20221],{"class":63},[43,22163,800],{"class":53},[43,22165,932],{"class":81},[43,22167,5336],{"class":85},[43,22169,82],{"class":81},[43,22171,325],{"class":53},[43,22173,13828],{"class":63},[43,22175,1667],{"class":53},[43,22177,22178],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,22179,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,22181,22182,22184,22186,22188,22190,22192],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,22183,1282],{"class":207},[43,22185,212],{"class":211},[43,22187,5434],{"class":207},[43,22189,315],{"class":53},[43,22191,8135],{"class":236},[43,22193,1728],{"class":53},[43,22195,22196],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,22197,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,22199,22200,22202,22204,22206],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,22201,50],{"class":49},[43,22203,54],{"class":53},[43,22205,1306],{"class":236},[43,22207,227],{"class":53},[43,22209,22210,22212,22214,22216],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,22211,50],{"class":49},[43,22213,54],{"class":53},[43,22215,16711],{"class":236},[43,22217,227],{"class":53},[14,22219,22220],{},[913,22221,110],{},[34,22223,22225],{"className":36,"code":22224,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[18,22226,22227,22260],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,22228,22229,22232,22234,22236,22238,22240,22242,22244,22246,22248,22250,22252,22254,22256,22258],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,22230,22231],{"class":236},"dict_items",[43,22233,9973],{"class":53},[43,22235,283],{"class":81},[43,22237,5327],{"class":85},[43,22239,283],{"class":81},[43,22241,800],{"class":53},[43,22243,20221],{"class":63},[43,22245,9549],{"class":53},[43,22247,9552],{"class":53},[43,22249,283],{"class":81},[43,22251,5336],{"class":85},[43,22253,283],{"class":81},[43,22255,800],{"class":53},[43,22257,13828],{"class":63},[43,22259,10994],{"class":53},[43,22261,22262,22264,22266,22268,22270,22272,22274,22276,22278,22280,22282,22284,22286],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,22263,9594],{"class":53},[43,22265,283],{"class":81},[43,22267,5327],{"class":85},[43,22269,283],{"class":81},[43,22271,325],{"class":53},[43,22273,20221],{"class":63},[43,22275,800],{"class":53},[43,22277,278],{"class":81},[43,22279,5336],{"class":85},[43,22281,283],{"class":81},[43,22283,325],{"class":53},[43,22285,13828],{"class":63},[43,22287,1667],{"class":53},[14,22289,21215],{},[29,22291,22293],{"id":22292},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[14,22295,22296,22298,22299,22301],{},[18,22297,17401],{}," returns a ",[18,22300,22231],{}," view object.",[14,22303,2453],{},[150,22305,22306,22309,22312],{},[153,22307,22308],{},"You can loop over it",[153,22310,22311],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[153,22313,22314],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[14,22316,197],{},[34,22318,22320],{"className":36,"code":22319,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[18,22321,22322,22354,22368,22372,22386,22390,22409,22413],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,22323,22324,22326,22328,22330,22332,22334,22336,22338,22340,22342,22344,22346,22348,22350,22352],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,22325,9481],{"class":207},[43,22327,212],{"class":211},[43,22329,1649],{"class":53},[43,22331,82],{"class":81},[43,22333,2519],{"class":85},[43,22335,82],{"class":81},[43,22337,325],{"class":53},[43,22339,5823],{"class":63},[43,22341,800],{"class":53},[43,22343,932],{"class":81},[43,22345,12063],{"class":85},[43,22347,82],{"class":81},[43,22349,325],{"class":53},[43,22351,803],{"class":63},[43,22353,1667],{"class":53},[43,22355,22356,22358,22360,22362,22364,22366],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,22357,9531],{"class":207},[43,22359,212],{"class":211},[43,22361,14888],{"class":207},[43,22363,315],{"class":53},[43,22365,8135],{"class":236},[43,22367,1728],{"class":53},[43,22369,22370],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,22371,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,22373,22374,22376,22378,22380,22382,22384],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,22375,50],{"class":49},[43,22377,54],{"class":53},[43,22379,849],{"class":57},[43,22381,54],{"class":53},[43,22383,9578],{"class":236},[43,22385,67],{"class":53},[43,22387,22388],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,22389,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,22391,22392,22394,22396,22398,22401,22403,22405,22407],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,22393,9520],{"class":207},[43,22395,4221],{"class":53},[43,22397,82],{"class":81},[43,22399,22400],{"class":85},"z",[43,22402,82],{"class":81},[43,22404,13594],{"class":53},[43,22406,13597],{"class":211},[43,22408,2907],{"class":63},[43,22410,22411],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,22412,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,22414,22415,22417,22419,22421,22423,22425],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,22416,50],{"class":49},[43,22418,54],{"class":53},[43,22420,849],{"class":57},[43,22422,54],{"class":53},[43,22424,9578],{"class":236},[43,22426,67],{"class":53},[14,22428,22429],{},[913,22430,110],{},[34,22432,22434],{"className":36,"code":22433,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[18,22435,22436,22466],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,22437,22438,22440,22442,22444,22446,22448,22450,22452,22454,22456,22458,22460,22462,22464],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,22439,22063],{"class":53},[43,22441,283],{"class":81},[43,22443,2519],{"class":85},[43,22445,283],{"class":81},[43,22447,800],{"class":53},[43,22449,5823],{"class":63},[43,22451,9549],{"class":53},[43,22453,9552],{"class":53},[43,22455,283],{"class":81},[43,22457,12063],{"class":85},[43,22459,283],{"class":81},[43,22461,800],{"class":53},[43,22463,803],{"class":63},[43,22465,9565],{"class":53},[43,22467,22468,22470,22472,22474,22476,22478,22480,22482,22484,22486,22488,22490,22492,22494,22496,22498,22500,22502,22504,22506,22508],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,22469,22063],{"class":53},[43,22471,283],{"class":81},[43,22473,2519],{"class":85},[43,22475,283],{"class":81},[43,22477,800],{"class":53},[43,22479,5823],{"class":63},[43,22481,9549],{"class":53},[43,22483,9552],{"class":53},[43,22485,283],{"class":81},[43,22487,12063],{"class":85},[43,22489,283],{"class":81},[43,22491,800],{"class":53},[43,22493,803],{"class":63},[43,22495,9549],{"class":53},[43,22497,9552],{"class":53},[43,22499,283],{"class":81},[43,22501,22400],{"class":85},[43,22503,283],{"class":81},[43,22505,800],{"class":53},[43,22507,808],{"class":63},[43,22509,9565],{"class":53},[14,22511,22512,22513,22515],{},"This happens because ",[18,22514,9578],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[29,22517,22519,22520],{"id":22518},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[18,22521,17401],{},[14,22523,22524,22525,325],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[18,22526,17401],{},[34,22528,22530],{"className":36,"code":22529,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[18,22531,22532,22585,22589,22609],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,22533,22534,22536,22538,22540,22542,22544,22546,22548,22550,22552,22554,22556,22558,22560,22562,22564,22566,22569,22571,22573,22575,22577,22579,22581,22583],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,22535,13183],{"class":207},[43,22537,212],{"class":211},[43,22539,1649],{"class":53},[43,22541,82],{"class":81},[43,22543,7992],{"class":85},[43,22545,82],{"class":81},[43,22547,325],{"class":53},[43,22549,932],{"class":81},[43,22551,8247],{"class":85},[43,22553,82],{"class":81},[43,22555,800],{"class":53},[43,22557,932],{"class":81},[43,22559,20214],{"class":85},[43,22561,82],{"class":81},[43,22563,325],{"class":53},[43,22565,932],{"class":81},[43,22567,22568],{"class":85},"A",[43,22570,82],{"class":81},[43,22572,800],{"class":53},[43,22574,932],{"class":81},[43,22576,9615],{"class":85},[43,22578,82],{"class":81},[43,22580,325],{"class":53},[43,22582,14179],{"class":63},[43,22584,1667],{"class":53},[43,22586,22587],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,22588,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,22590,22591,22593,22595,22597,22599,22601,22603,22605,22607],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,22592,6284],{"class":1927},[43,22594,21902],{"class":207},[43,22596,800],{"class":53},[43,22598,21907],{"class":207},[43,22600,4203],{"class":1927},[43,22602,13226],{"class":207},[43,22604,315],{"class":53},[43,22606,8135],{"class":236},[43,22608,21918],{"class":53},[43,22610,22611,22613,22615,22618,22620,22622,22624,22627,22630,22632,22634,22636,22638],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,22612,1951],{"class":49},[43,22614,54],{"class":53},[43,22616,22617],{"class":274},"f",[43,22619,82],{"class":85},[43,22621,9594],{"class":63},[43,22623,15163],{"class":236},[43,22625,22626],{"class":63},"}",[43,22628,22629],{"class":85},": ",[43,22631,9594],{"class":63},[43,22633,307],{"class":236},[43,22635,22626],{"class":63},[43,22637,82],{"class":85},[43,22639,227],{"class":53},[14,22641,22642],{},[913,22643,110],{},[34,22645,22647],{"className":36,"code":22646,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[18,22648,22649,22658,22667],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,22650,22651,22653,22655],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,22652,7992],{"class":207},[43,22654,325],{"class":53},[43,22656,22657],{"class":207}," Mia\n",[43,22659,22660,22662,22664],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,22661,20214],{"class":207},[43,22663,325],{"class":53},[43,22665,22666],{"class":207}," A\n",[43,22668,22669,22671,22673],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,22670,9615],{"class":207},[43,22672,325],{"class":53},[43,22674,22675],{"class":63}," 14\n",[14,22677,22678],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[34,22680,22682],{"className":36,"code":22681,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[18,22683,22684,22736,22740,22752],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,22685,22686,22688,22690,22692,22694,22696,22698,22700,22702,22704,22706,22708,22710,22712,22714,22716,22718,22720,22722,22724,22726,22728,22730,22732,22734],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,22687,13183],{"class":207},[43,22689,212],{"class":211},[43,22691,1649],{"class":53},[43,22693,82],{"class":81},[43,22695,7992],{"class":85},[43,22697,82],{"class":81},[43,22699,325],{"class":53},[43,22701,932],{"class":81},[43,22703,8247],{"class":85},[43,22705,82],{"class":81},[43,22707,800],{"class":53},[43,22709,932],{"class":81},[43,22711,20214],{"class":85},[43,22713,82],{"class":81},[43,22715,325],{"class":53},[43,22717,932],{"class":81},[43,22719,22568],{"class":85},[43,22721,82],{"class":81},[43,22723,800],{"class":53},[43,22725,932],{"class":81},[43,22727,9615],{"class":85},[43,22729,82],{"class":81},[43,22731,325],{"class":53},[43,22733,14179],{"class":63},[43,22735,1667],{"class":53},[43,22737,22738],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,22739,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,22741,22742,22744,22746,22748,22750],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,22743,6284],{"class":1927},[43,22745,18531],{"class":207},[43,22747,4203],{"class":1927},[43,22749,13226],{"class":207},[43,22751,1931],{"class":53},[43,22753,22754,22756,22758,22760,22762,22764,22766,22768,22770,22772,22774,22776,22778,22780,22782,22784],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,22755,1951],{"class":49},[43,22757,54],{"class":53},[43,22759,22617],{"class":274},[43,22761,82],{"class":85},[43,22763,9594],{"class":63},[43,22765,15163],{"class":236},[43,22767,22626],{"class":63},[43,22769,22629],{"class":85},[43,22771,9594],{"class":63},[43,22773,13947],{"class":236},[43,22775,4221],{"class":53},[43,22777,15163],{"class":236},[43,22779,13594],{"class":53},[43,22781,22626],{"class":63},[43,22783,82],{"class":85},[43,22785,227],{"class":53},[14,22787,6835,22788,22791],{},[18,22789,22790],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[14,22793,22794,22795,315],{},"For a full guide, see ",[189,22796,22798],{"href":22797},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[29,22800,22802],{"id":22801},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[14,22804,22805],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[34,22807,22809],{"className":36,"code":22808,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[18,22810,22811,22870,22874,22894,22898],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,22812,22813,22815,22817,22819,22821,22823,22825,22827,22829,22831,22833,22835,22837,22839,22841,22843,22845,22848,22850,22852,22854,22857,22859,22861,22863,22866,22868],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,22814,13396],{"class":207},[43,22816,212],{"class":211},[43,22818,1649],{"class":53},[43,22820,82],{"class":81},[43,22822,4401],{"class":85},[43,22824,82],{"class":81},[43,22826,325],{"class":53},[43,22828,932],{"class":81},[43,22830,13413],{"class":85},[43,22832,82],{"class":81},[43,22834,800],{"class":53},[43,22836,932],{"class":81},[43,22838,4410],{"class":85},[43,22840,82],{"class":81},[43,22842,325],{"class":53},[43,22844,932],{"class":81},[43,22846,22847],{"class":85},"yellow",[43,22849,82],{"class":81},[43,22851,800],{"class":53},[43,22853,932],{"class":81},[43,22855,22856],{"class":85},"grape",[43,22858,82],{"class":81},[43,22860,325],{"class":53},[43,22862,932],{"class":81},[43,22864,22865],{"class":85},"purple",[43,22867,82],{"class":81},[43,22869,1667],{"class":53},[43,22871,22872],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,22873,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,22875,22876,22879,22881,22884,22886,22888,22890,22892],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,22877,22878],{"class":207},"pairs_list ",[43,22880,212],{"class":211},[43,22882,22883],{"class":57}," list",[43,22885,54],{"class":53},[43,22887,17824],{"class":236},[43,22889,315],{"class":53},[43,22891,8135],{"class":236},[43,22893,341],{"class":53},[43,22895,22896],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,22897,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,22899,22900,22902,22904,22907],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,22901,50],{"class":49},[43,22903,54],{"class":53},[43,22905,22906],{"class":236},"pairs_list",[43,22908,227],{"class":53},[14,22910,22911],{},[913,22912,110],{},[34,22914,22916],{"className":36,"code":22915,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[18,22917,22918],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,22919,22920,22922,22924,22926,22928,22930,22932,22934,22936,22938,22940,22942,22944,22946,22948,22950,22952,22954,22956,22958,22960,22962,22964,22966,22968,22970,22972],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,22921,22063],{"class":53},[43,22923,283],{"class":81},[43,22925,4401],{"class":85},[43,22927,283],{"class":81},[43,22929,800],{"class":53},[43,22931,278],{"class":81},[43,22933,13413],{"class":85},[43,22935,283],{"class":81},[43,22937,9549],{"class":53},[43,22939,9552],{"class":53},[43,22941,283],{"class":81},[43,22943,4410],{"class":85},[43,22945,283],{"class":81},[43,22947,800],{"class":53},[43,22949,278],{"class":81},[43,22951,22847],{"class":85},[43,22953,283],{"class":81},[43,22955,9549],{"class":53},[43,22957,9552],{"class":53},[43,22959,283],{"class":81},[43,22961,22856],{"class":85},[43,22963,283],{"class":81},[43,22965,800],{"class":53},[43,22967,278],{"class":81},[43,22969,22865],{"class":85},[43,22971,283],{"class":81},[43,22973,9565],{"class":53},[14,22975,22976],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[14,22978,22979],{},"Use this when:",[150,22981,22982,22985,22988],{},[153,22983,22984],{},"You want clearer printed output",[153,22986,22987],{},"You need list behavior",[153,22989,22990],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[29,22992,22994,10901,22996,10901,22998],{"id":22993},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[18,22995,17401],{},[18,22997,17388],{},[18,22999,17394],{},[14,23001,23002],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[150,23004,23005,23010,23015],{},[153,23006,23007,23009],{},[18,23008,17401],{}," gives both key and value",[153,23011,23012,23014],{},[18,23013,17388],{}," gives only keys",[153,23016,23017,23019],{},[18,23018,17394],{}," gives only values",[14,23021,197],{},[34,23023,23025],{"className":36,"code":23024,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[18,23026,23027,23063,23067,23085,23103],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,23028,23029,23031,23033,23035,23037,23039,23041,23043,23045,23047,23049,23051,23053,23055,23057,23059,23061],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,23030,13525],{"class":207},[43,23032,212],{"class":211},[43,23034,1649],{"class":53},[43,23036,82],{"class":81},[43,23038,7992],{"class":85},[43,23040,82],{"class":81},[43,23042,325],{"class":53},[43,23044,932],{"class":81},[43,23046,13200],{"class":85},[43,23048,82],{"class":81},[43,23050,800],{"class":53},[43,23052,932],{"class":81},[43,23054,9615],{"class":85},[43,23056,82],{"class":81},[43,23058,325],{"class":53},[43,23060,9622],{"class":63},[43,23062,1667],{"class":53},[43,23064,23065],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,23066,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,23068,23069,23071,23073,23075,23077,23079,23081,23083],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,23070,50],{"class":49},[43,23072,54],{"class":53},[43,23074,849],{"class":57},[43,23076,54],{"class":53},[43,23078,17630],{"class":236},[43,23080,315],{"class":53},[43,23082,17246],{"class":236},[43,23084,6616],{"class":53},[43,23086,23087,23089,23091,23093,23095,23097,23099,23101],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,23088,50],{"class":49},[43,23090,54],{"class":53},[43,23092,849],{"class":57},[43,23094,54],{"class":53},[43,23096,17630],{"class":236},[43,23098,315],{"class":53},[43,23100,5683],{"class":236},[43,23102,6616],{"class":53},[43,23104,23105,23107,23109,23111,23113,23115,23117,23119],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,23106,50],{"class":49},[43,23108,54],{"class":53},[43,23110,849],{"class":57},[43,23112,54],{"class":53},[43,23114,17630],{"class":236},[43,23116,315],{"class":53},[43,23118,8135],{"class":236},[43,23120,6616],{"class":53},[14,23122,23123],{},[913,23124,110],{},[34,23126,23128],{"className":36,"code":23127,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[18,23129,23130,23150,23166],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,23131,23132,23134,23136,23138,23140,23142,23144,23146,23148],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,23133,4221],{"class":53},[43,23135,283],{"class":81},[43,23137,7992],{"class":85},[43,23139,283],{"class":81},[43,23141,800],{"class":53},[43,23143,278],{"class":81},[43,23145,9615],{"class":85},[43,23147,283],{"class":81},[43,23149,3955],{"class":53},[43,23151,23152,23154,23156,23158,23160,23162,23164],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,23153,4221],{"class":53},[43,23155,283],{"class":81},[43,23157,13200],{"class":85},[43,23159,283],{"class":81},[43,23161,800],{"class":53},[43,23163,9622],{"class":63},[43,23165,3955],{"class":53},[43,23167,23168,23170,23172,23174,23176,23178,23180,23182,23184,23186,23188,23190,23192,23194,23196,23198],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,23169,22063],{"class":53},[43,23171,283],{"class":81},[43,23173,7992],{"class":85},[43,23175,283],{"class":81},[43,23177,800],{"class":53},[43,23179,278],{"class":81},[43,23181,13200],{"class":85},[43,23183,283],{"class":81},[43,23185,9549],{"class":53},[43,23187,9552],{"class":53},[43,23189,283],{"class":81},[43,23191,9615],{"class":85},[43,23193,283],{"class":81},[43,23195,800],{"class":53},[43,23197,9622],{"class":63},[43,23199,9565],{"class":53},[14,23201,23202],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[150,23204,23205,23213,23221],{},[153,23206,23207,23208],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[189,23209,23211],{"href":23210},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[18,23212,17388],{},[153,23214,23215,23216],{},"Need just values? Use ",[189,23217,23219],{"href":23218},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[18,23220,17394],{},[153,23222,23223,23224],{},"Need both together? Use ",[18,23225,17401],{},[29,23227,5284,23229],{"id":23228},"when-to-use-items",[18,23230,17401],{},[14,23232,23233,23235],{},[18,23234,17401],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[150,23237,23238,23241,23244,23247,23250],{},[153,23239,23240],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[153,23242,23243],{},"Building formatted output",[153,23245,23246],{},"Looping through settings and values",[153,23248,23249],{},"Showing names with scores",[153,23251,23252],{},"Working with labels and their data",[14,23254,197],{},[34,23256,23258],{"className":36,"code":23257,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[18,23259,23260,23268,23286,23305,23317,23321,23325,23346],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,23261,23262,23264,23266],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,23263,14147],{"class":207},[43,23265,212],{"class":211},[43,23267,11810],{"class":53},[43,23269,23270,23272,23274,23276,23278,23280,23282,23284],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,23271,11815],{"class":81},[43,23273,12813],{"class":85},[43,23275,82],{"class":81},[43,23277,325],{"class":53},[43,23279,932],{"class":81},[43,23281,12822],{"class":85},[43,23283,82],{"class":81},[43,23285,11831],{"class":53},[43,23287,23288,23290,23292,23294,23296,23298,23301,23303],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,23289,11815],{"class":81},[43,23291,20446],{"class":85},[43,23293,82],{"class":81},[43,23295,325],{"class":53},[43,23297,932],{"class":81},[43,23299,23300],{"class":85},"English",[43,23302,82],{"class":81},[43,23304,11831],{"class":53},[43,23306,23307,23309,23311,23313,23315],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,23308,11815],{"class":81},[43,23310,18847],{"class":85},[43,23312,82],{"class":81},[43,23314,325],{"class":53},[43,23316,6748],{"class":104},[43,23318,23319],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,23320,1667],{"class":53},[43,23322,23323],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,23324,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,23326,23327,23329,23332,23334,23336,23338,23340,23342,23344],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,23328,6284],{"class":1927},[43,23330,23331],{"class":207}," setting",[43,23333,800],{"class":53},[43,23335,21907],{"class":207},[43,23337,4203],{"class":1927},[43,23339,14191],{"class":207},[43,23341,315],{"class":53},[43,23343,8135],{"class":236},[43,23345,21918],{"class":53},[43,23347,23348,23350,23352,23354,23356,23358,23361,23363,23366,23368,23370,23372,23374],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,23349,1951],{"class":49},[43,23351,54],{"class":53},[43,23353,22617],{"class":274},[43,23355,82],{"class":85},[43,23357,9594],{"class":63},[43,23359,23360],{"class":236},"setting",[43,23362,22626],{"class":63},[43,23364,23365],{"class":85}," = ",[43,23367,9594],{"class":63},[43,23369,307],{"class":236},[43,23371,22626],{"class":63},[43,23373,82],{"class":85},[43,23375,227],{"class":53},[14,23377,23378],{},[913,23379,110],{},[34,23381,23383],{"className":36,"code":23382,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[18,23384,23385,23395,23405],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,23386,23387,23390,23392],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,23388,23389],{"class":207},"theme ",[43,23391,212],{"class":211},[43,23393,23394],{"class":207}," dark\n",[43,23396,23397,23400,23402],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,23398,23399],{"class":207},"language ",[43,23401,212],{"class":211},[43,23403,23404],{"class":207}," English\n",[43,23406,23407,23410,23412],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,23408,23409],{"class":207},"notifications ",[43,23411,212],{"class":211},[43,23413,6748],{"class":104},[29,23415,3160],{"id":3159},[14,23417,23418,23419,315],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[18,23420,17401],{},[402,23422,23424,23425,23427],{"id":23423},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[18,23426,17401],{}," incorrectly",[14,23429,23430,23431,23433,23434,23437],{},"Each result from ",[18,23432,17401],{}," has ",[913,23435,23436],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[14,23439,7013],{},[34,23441,23442],{"className":36,"code":21853,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,23443,23444,23480,23484,23504],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,23445,23446,23448,23450,23452,23454,23456,23458,23460,23462,23464,23466,23468,23470,23472,23474,23476,23478],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,23447,13525],{"class":207},[43,23449,212],{"class":211},[43,23451,1649],{"class":53},[43,23453,82],{"class":81},[43,23455,7992],{"class":85},[43,23457,82],{"class":81},[43,23459,325],{"class":53},[43,23461,932],{"class":81},[43,23463,13200],{"class":85},[43,23465,82],{"class":81},[43,23467,800],{"class":53},[43,23469,932],{"class":81},[43,23471,9615],{"class":85},[43,23473,82],{"class":81},[43,23475,325],{"class":53},[43,23477,9622],{"class":63},[43,23479,1667],{"class":53},[43,23481,23482],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,23483,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,23485,23486,23488,23490,23492,23494,23496,23498,23500,23502],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,23487,6284],{"class":1927},[43,23489,21902],{"class":207},[43,23491,800],{"class":53},[43,23493,21907],{"class":207},[43,23495,4203],{"class":1927},[43,23497,13568],{"class":207},[43,23499,315],{"class":53},[43,23501,8135],{"class":236},[43,23503,21918],{"class":53},[43,23505,23506,23508,23510,23512,23514,23516],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,23507,1951],{"class":49},[43,23509,54],{"class":53},[43,23511,15163],{"class":236},[43,23513,800],{"class":53},[43,23515,1720],{"class":236},[43,23517,227],{"class":53},[14,23519,23520],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[34,23522,23524],{"className":36,"code":23523,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[18,23525,23526,23562,23566,23582],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,23527,23528,23530,23532,23534,23536,23538,23540,23542,23544,23546,23548,23550,23552,23554,23556,23558,23560],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,23529,13525],{"class":207},[43,23531,212],{"class":211},[43,23533,1649],{"class":53},[43,23535,82],{"class":81},[43,23537,7992],{"class":85},[43,23539,82],{"class":81},[43,23541,325],{"class":53},[43,23543,932],{"class":81},[43,23545,13200],{"class":85},[43,23547,82],{"class":81},[43,23549,800],{"class":53},[43,23551,932],{"class":81},[43,23553,9615],{"class":85},[43,23555,82],{"class":81},[43,23557,325],{"class":53},[43,23559,9622],{"class":63},[43,23561,1667],{"class":53},[43,23563,23564],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,23565,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,23567,23568,23570,23572,23574,23576,23578,23580],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,23569,6284],{"class":1927},[43,23571,18531],{"class":207},[43,23573,4203],{"class":1927},[43,23575,13568],{"class":207},[43,23577,315],{"class":53},[43,23579,8135],{"class":236},[43,23581,21918],{"class":53},[43,23583,23584,23586,23588,23590],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,23585,1951],{"class":49},[43,23587,54],{"class":53},[43,23589,15163],{"class":236},[43,23591,227],{"class":53},[14,23593,23594,23595,23597,23598,23601],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[18,23596,15163],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[18,23599,23600],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[14,23603,23604],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[34,23606,23608],{"className":36,"code":23607,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[18,23609,23610,23626],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,23611,23612,23614,23616,23618,23620,23622,23624],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,23613,6284],{"class":1927},[43,23615,6287],{"class":207},[43,23617,4203],{"class":1927},[43,23619,13568],{"class":207},[43,23621,315],{"class":53},[43,23623,8135],{"class":236},[43,23625,21918],{"class":53},[43,23627,23628,23630,23632,23635],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,23629,1951],{"class":49},[43,23631,54],{"class":53},[43,23633,23634],{"class":236},"item",[43,23636,227],{"class":53},[14,23638,23639],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[34,23641,23643],{"className":36,"code":23642,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,23644,23645,23665],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,23646,23647,23649,23651,23653,23655,23657,23659,23661,23663],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,23648,6284],{"class":1927},[43,23650,21902],{"class":207},[43,23652,800],{"class":53},[43,23654,21907],{"class":207},[43,23656,4203],{"class":1927},[43,23658,13568],{"class":207},[43,23660,315],{"class":53},[43,23662,8135],{"class":236},[43,23664,21918],{"class":53},[43,23666,23667,23669,23671,23673,23675,23677],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,23668,1951],{"class":49},[43,23670,54],{"class":53},[43,23672,15163],{"class":236},[43,23674,800],{"class":53},[43,23676,1720],{"class":236},[43,23678,227],{"class":53},[402,23680,8773,23682,23684],{"id":23681},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[18,23683,17401],{}," to return a regular list",[14,23686,23687,22298,23689,23691],{},[18,23688,17401],{},[18,23690,22231],{}," object, not a list.",[14,23693,23694],{},"Check it:",[34,23696,23698],{"className":36,"code":23697,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[18,23699,23700,23732,23736,23750,23768],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,23701,23702,23704,23706,23708,23710,23712,23714,23716,23718,23720,23722,23724,23726,23728,23730],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,23703,12042],{"class":207},[43,23705,212],{"class":211},[43,23707,1649],{"class":53},[43,23709,82],{"class":81},[43,23711,189],{"class":85},[43,23713,82],{"class":81},[43,23715,325],{"class":53},[43,23717,5823],{"class":63},[43,23719,800],{"class":53},[43,23721,932],{"class":81},[43,23723,1231],{"class":85},[43,23725,82],{"class":81},[43,23727,325],{"class":53},[43,23729,803],{"class":63},[43,23731,1667],{"class":53},[43,23733,23734],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,23735,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,23737,23738,23740,23742,23744,23746,23748],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,23739,50],{"class":49},[43,23741,54],{"class":53},[43,23743,11766],{"class":236},[43,23745,315],{"class":53},[43,23747,8135],{"class":236},[43,23749,341],{"class":53},[43,23751,23752,23754,23756,23758,23760,23762,23764,23766],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,23753,50],{"class":49},[43,23755,54],{"class":53},[43,23757,248],{"class":57},[43,23759,54],{"class":53},[43,23761,11766],{"class":236},[43,23763,315],{"class":53},[43,23765,8135],{"class":236},[43,23767,6616],{"class":53},[43,23769,23770,23772,23774,23776,23778,23780,23782,23784],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,23771,50],{"class":49},[43,23773,54],{"class":53},[43,23775,849],{"class":57},[43,23777,54],{"class":53},[43,23779,11766],{"class":236},[43,23781,315],{"class":53},[43,23783,8135],{"class":236},[43,23785,6616],{"class":53},[14,23787,23788],{},[913,23789,110],{},[34,23791,23793],{"className":36,"code":23792,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[18,23794,23795,23827,23841],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,23796,23797,23799,23801,23803,23805,23807,23809,23811,23813,23815,23817,23819,23821,23823,23825],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,23798,22231],{"class":236},[43,23800,9973],{"class":53},[43,23802,283],{"class":81},[43,23804,189],{"class":85},[43,23806,283],{"class":81},[43,23808,800],{"class":53},[43,23810,5823],{"class":63},[43,23812,9549],{"class":53},[43,23814,9552],{"class":53},[43,23816,283],{"class":81},[43,23818,1231],{"class":85},[43,23820,283],{"class":81},[43,23822,800],{"class":53},[43,23824,803],{"class":63},[43,23826,10994],{"class":53},[43,23828,23829,23831,23833,23835,23837,23839],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,23830,271],{"class":211},[43,23832,275],{"class":274},[43,23834,278],{"class":81},[43,23836,22231],{"class":85},[43,23838,283],{"class":81},[43,23840,286],{"class":211},[43,23842,23843,23845,23847,23849,23851,23853,23855,23857,23859,23861,23863,23865,23867,23869],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,23844,22063],{"class":53},[43,23846,283],{"class":81},[43,23848,189],{"class":85},[43,23850,283],{"class":81},[43,23852,800],{"class":53},[43,23854,5823],{"class":63},[43,23856,9549],{"class":53},[43,23858,9552],{"class":53},[43,23860,283],{"class":81},[43,23862,1231],{"class":85},[43,23864,283],{"class":81},[43,23866,800],{"class":53},[43,23868,803],{"class":63},[43,23870,9565],{"class":53},[402,23872,23874,23875],{"id":23873},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[18,23876,17401],{},[14,23878,23879],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[14,23881,23882],{},"Problem example:",[34,23884,23886],{"className":36,"code":23885,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[18,23887,23888,23932,23936,23956,23968],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,23889,23890,23892,23894,23896,23898,23900,23902,23904,23906,23908,23910,23912,23914,23916,23918,23920,23922,23924,23926,23928,23930],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,23891,3937],{"class":207},[43,23893,212],{"class":211},[43,23895,1649],{"class":53},[43,23897,82],{"class":81},[43,23899,189],{"class":85},[43,23901,82],{"class":81},[43,23903,325],{"class":53},[43,23905,5823],{"class":63},[43,23907,800],{"class":53},[43,23909,932],{"class":81},[43,23911,1231],{"class":85},[43,23913,82],{"class":81},[43,23915,325],{"class":53},[43,23917,803],{"class":63},[43,23919,800],{"class":53},[43,23921,932],{"class":81},[43,23923,10055],{"class":85},[43,23925,82],{"class":81},[43,23927,325],{"class":53},[43,23929,808],{"class":63},[43,23931,1667],{"class":53},[43,23933,23934],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,23935,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,23937,23938,23940,23942,23944,23946,23948,23950,23952,23954],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,23939,6284],{"class":1927},[43,23941,21902],{"class":207},[43,23943,800],{"class":53},[43,23945,21907],{"class":207},[43,23947,4203],{"class":1927},[43,23949,4586],{"class":207},[43,23951,315],{"class":53},[43,23953,8135],{"class":236},[43,23955,21918],{"class":53},[43,23957,23958,23960,23962,23964,23966],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,23959,6724],{"class":1927},[43,23961,21907],{"class":207},[43,23963,5012],{"class":211},[43,23965,803],{"class":63},[43,23967,1931],{"class":53},[43,23969,23970,23973,23975,23977,23979,23981,23983,23985],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,23971,23972],{"class":207},"        numbers",[43,23974,4221],{"class":53},[43,23976,82],{"class":81},[43,23978,19090],{"class":85},[43,23980,82],{"class":81},[43,23982,13594],{"class":53},[43,23984,13597],{"class":211},[43,23986,23987],{"class":63}," 4\n",[14,23989,23990],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[14,23992,23993],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[34,23995,23997],{"className":36,"code":23996,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,23998,23999,24043,24047,24072,24084,24102,24106],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,24000,24001,24003,24005,24007,24009,24011,24013,24015,24017,24019,24021,24023,24025,24027,24029,24031,24033,24035,24037,24039,24041],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,24002,3937],{"class":207},[43,24004,212],{"class":211},[43,24006,1649],{"class":53},[43,24008,82],{"class":81},[43,24010,189],{"class":85},[43,24012,82],{"class":81},[43,24014,325],{"class":53},[43,24016,5823],{"class":63},[43,24018,800],{"class":53},[43,24020,932],{"class":81},[43,24022,1231],{"class":85},[43,24024,82],{"class":81},[43,24026,325],{"class":53},[43,24028,803],{"class":63},[43,24030,800],{"class":53},[43,24032,932],{"class":81},[43,24034,10055],{"class":85},[43,24036,82],{"class":81},[43,24038,325],{"class":53},[43,24040,808],{"class":63},[43,24042,1667],{"class":53},[43,24044,24045],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,24046,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,24048,24049,24051,24053,24055,24057,24059,24061,24063,24065,24067,24069],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,24050,6284],{"class":1927},[43,24052,21902],{"class":207},[43,24054,800],{"class":53},[43,24056,21907],{"class":207},[43,24058,4203],{"class":1927},[43,24060,22883],{"class":57},[43,24062,54],{"class":53},[43,24064,3969],{"class":236},[43,24066,315],{"class":53},[43,24068,8135],{"class":236},[43,24070,24071],{"class":53},"()):\n",[43,24073,24074,24076,24078,24080,24082],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,24075,6724],{"class":1927},[43,24077,21907],{"class":207},[43,24079,5012],{"class":211},[43,24081,803],{"class":63},[43,24083,1931],{"class":53},[43,24085,24086,24088,24090,24092,24094,24096,24098,24100],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,24087,23972],{"class":207},[43,24089,4221],{"class":53},[43,24091,82],{"class":81},[43,24093,19090],{"class":85},[43,24095,82],{"class":81},[43,24097,13594],{"class":53},[43,24099,13597],{"class":211},[43,24101,23987],{"class":63},[43,24103,24104],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,24105,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,24107,24108,24110,24112,24114],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,24109,50],{"class":49},[43,24111,54],{"class":53},[43,24113,3969],{"class":236},[43,24115,227],{"class":53},[402,24117,24119],{"id":24118},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[14,24121,24122],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[34,24124,24126],{"className":36,"code":24125,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[18,24127,24128,24160,24164,24180],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,24129,24130,24132,24134,24136,24138,24140,24142,24144,24146,24148,24150,24152,24154,24156,24158],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,24131,9481],{"class":207},[43,24133,212],{"class":211},[43,24135,1649],{"class":53},[43,24137,82],{"class":81},[43,24139,2519],{"class":85},[43,24141,82],{"class":81},[43,24143,325],{"class":53},[43,24145,6331],{"class":63},[43,24147,800],{"class":53},[43,24149,932],{"class":81},[43,24151,12063],{"class":85},[43,24153,82],{"class":81},[43,24155,325],{"class":53},[43,24157,8115],{"class":63},[43,24159,1667],{"class":53},[43,24161,24162],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,24163,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,24165,24166,24168,24170,24172,24174,24176,24178],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,24167,6284],{"class":1927},[43,24169,6287],{"class":207},[43,24171,4203],{"class":1927},[43,24173,14888],{"class":207},[43,24175,315],{"class":53},[43,24177,8135],{"class":236},[43,24179,21918],{"class":53},[43,24181,24182,24184,24186,24188],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,24183,1951],{"class":49},[43,24185,54],{"class":53},[43,24187,23634],{"class":236},[43,24189,227],{"class":53},[14,24191,24192],{},[913,24193,110],{},[34,24195,24197],{"className":36,"code":24196,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[18,24198,24199,24215],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,24200,24201,24203,24205,24207,24209,24211,24213],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,24202,54],{"class":53},[43,24204,283],{"class":81},[43,24206,2519],{"class":85},[43,24208,283],{"class":81},[43,24210,800],{"class":53},[43,24212,6331],{"class":63},[43,24214,227],{"class":53},[43,24216,24217,24219,24221,24223,24225,24227,24229],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,24218,54],{"class":53},[43,24220,283],{"class":81},[43,24222,12063],{"class":85},[43,24224,283],{"class":81},[43,24226,800],{"class":53},[43,24228,8115],{"class":63},[43,24230,227],{"class":53},[14,24232,24233,24234,24236],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[18,24235,21978],{}," pair.",[29,24238,2162],{"id":2161},[402,24240,24242,24243,5469],{"id":24241},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[18,24244,17401],{},[14,24246,17743,24247,24249],{},[18,24248,22231],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[402,24251,13023,24253,24255],{"id":24252},"does-items-return-a-list",[18,24254,17401],{}," return a list?",[14,24257,24258,24259,24262],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[18,24260,24261],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[402,24264,24266,24267,2822],{"id":24265},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[18,24268,17401],{},[14,24270,24271],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[34,24273,24275],{"className":36,"code":24274,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,24276,24277,24297],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,24278,24279,24281,24283,24285,24287,24289,24291,24293,24295],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,24280,6284],{"class":1927},[43,24282,21902],{"class":207},[43,24284,800],{"class":53},[43,24286,21907],{"class":207},[43,24288,4203],{"class":1927},[43,24290,12084],{"class":207},[43,24292,315],{"class":53},[43,24294,8135],{"class":236},[43,24296,21918],{"class":53},[43,24298,24299,24301,24303,24305,24307,24309],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,24300,1951],{"class":49},[43,24302,54],{"class":53},[43,24304,15163],{"class":236},[43,24306,800],{"class":53},[43,24308,1720],{"class":236},[43,24310,227],{"class":53},[402,24312,13023,24314,24316],{"id":24313},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[18,24315,17401],{}," change the dictionary?",[14,24318,24319],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[29,24321,2229],{"id":2228},[150,24323,24324,24330,24336,24341,24345],{},[153,24325,24326],{},[189,24327,11051,24328,11055],{"href":23210},[18,24329,17388],{},[153,24331,24332],{},[189,24333,11051,24334,11055],{"href":23218},[18,24335,17394],{},[153,24337,24338],{},[189,24339,24340],{"href":22797},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[153,24342,24343],{},[189,24344,9471],{"href":13343},[153,24346,24347],{},[189,24348,24349],{"href":22101},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2262,24351,24352],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":24354},[24355,24356,24358,24359,24360,24362,24363,24365,24367,24376,24386],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":21961,"depth":70,"text":24357},"What items() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":22292,"depth":70,"text":22293},{"id":22518,"depth":70,"text":24361},"Looping with items()",{"id":22801,"depth":70,"text":22802},{"id":22993,"depth":70,"text":24364},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23228,"depth":70,"text":24366},"When to use items()",{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160,"children":24368},[24369,24371,24373,24375],{"id":23423,"depth":93,"text":24370},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23681,"depth":93,"text":24372},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23873,"depth":93,"text":24374},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":24118,"depth":93,"text":24119},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":24377},[24378,24380,24382,24384],{"id":24241,"depth":93,"text":24379},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24252,"depth":93,"text":24381},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24265,"depth":93,"text":24383},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24313,"depth":93,"text":24385},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21829,"description":24387},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24394,"title":24395,"body":24396,"description":26486,"extension":2312,"meta":26487,"navigation":958,"path":23210,"seo":26488,"stem":26489,"__hash__":26490},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24397,"toc":26452},[24398,24403,24409,24412,24423,24430,24432,24515,24519,24566,24571,24576,24581,24583,24599,24601,24700,24704,24761,24764,24766,24769,24862,24866,24929,24932,24948,24953,24955,24957,24972,24974,24985,24987,25030,25033,25077,25080,25082,25089,25092,25109,25111,25204,25208,25249,25261,25265,25268,25356,25360,25380,25383,25410,25417,25422,25426,25437,25439,25542,25546,25572,25575,25642,25647,25650,25673,25678,25682,25687,25693,25698,25700,25755,25759,25786,25793,25799,25802,25827,25833,25859,25862,25937,25944,25949,25951,25990,26008,26012,26015,26058,26061,26063,26082,26084,26089,26114,26117,26187,26190,26263,26267,26269,26330,26333,26349,26351,26356,26361,26368,26377,26383,26389,26396,26402,26406,26411,26413,26449],[10,24399,11634,24401,11638],{"id":24400},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[18,24402,17388],{},[14,24404,24405,24406,24408],{},"The Python dictionary ",[18,24407,17388],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24410,24411],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[150,24413,24414,24417,24420],{},[153,24415,24416],{},"view the available keys",[153,24418,24419],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[153,24421,24422],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[14,24424,24425,24427,24428,315],{},[18,24426,17388],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[18,24429,17337],{},[29,24431,32],{"id":31},[34,24433,24435],{"className":36,"code":24434,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[18,24436,24437,24473,24487,24491,24501],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,24438,24439,24441,24443,24445,24447,24449,24451,24453,24455,24457,24459,24461,24463,24465,24467,24469,24471],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,24440,13183],{"class":207},[43,24442,212],{"class":211},[43,24444,1649],{"class":53},[43,24446,82],{"class":81},[43,24448,7992],{"class":85},[43,24450,82],{"class":81},[43,24452,325],{"class":53},[43,24454,932],{"class":81},[43,24456,13200],{"class":85},[43,24458,82],{"class":81},[43,24460,800],{"class":53},[43,24462,932],{"class":81},[43,24464,9615],{"class":85},[43,24466,82],{"class":81},[43,24468,325],{"class":53},[43,24470,8115],{"class":63},[43,24472,1667],{"class":53},[43,24474,24475,24477,24479,24481,24483,24485],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,24476,17565],{"class":207},[43,24478,212],{"class":211},[43,24480,13226],{"class":207},[43,24482,315],{"class":53},[43,24484,17246],{"class":236},[43,24486,1728],{"class":53},[43,24488,24489],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,24490,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,24492,24493,24495,24497,24499],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,24494,50],{"class":49},[43,24496,54],{"class":53},[43,24498,17246],{"class":236},[43,24500,227],{"class":53},[43,24502,24503,24505,24507,24509,24511,24513],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,24504,50],{"class":49},[43,24506,54],{"class":53},[43,24508,849],{"class":57},[43,24510,54],{"class":53},[43,24512,17246],{"class":236},[43,24514,67],{"class":53},[14,24516,24517],{},[913,24518,110],{},[34,24520,24522],{"className":36,"code":24521,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[18,24523,24524,24546],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,24525,24526,24528,24530,24532,24534,24536,24538,24540,24542,24544],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,24527,17337],{"class":236},[43,24529,794],{"class":53},[43,24531,283],{"class":81},[43,24533,7992],{"class":85},[43,24535,283],{"class":81},[43,24537,800],{"class":53},[43,24539,278],{"class":81},[43,24541,9615],{"class":85},[43,24543,283],{"class":81},[43,24545,4209],{"class":53},[43,24547,24548,24550,24552,24554,24556,24558,24560,24562,24564],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,24549,4221],{"class":53},[43,24551,283],{"class":81},[43,24553,7992],{"class":85},[43,24555,283],{"class":81},[43,24557,800],{"class":53},[43,24559,278],{"class":81},[43,24561,9615],{"class":85},[43,24563,283],{"class":81},[43,24565,3955],{"class":53},[14,24567,133,24568,24570],{},[18,24569,17388],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[29,24572,3998,24574,4001],{"id":24573},"what-keys-does",[18,24575,17388],{},[14,24577,24578,24580],{},[18,24579,17388],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24582,11775],{},[150,24584,24585,24588,24591,24596],{},[153,24586,24587],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[153,24589,24590],{},"It does not need any arguments",[153,24592,17743,24593,24595],{},[18,24594,17337],{}," view object, not a list",[153,24597,24598],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[14,24600,197],{},[34,24602,24604],{"className":36,"code":24603,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[18,24605,24606,24642,24646,24660,24664,24686],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,24607,24608,24610,24612,24614,24616,24618,24620,24622,24624,24626,24628,24630,24632,24634,24636,24638,24640],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,24609,13525],{"class":207},[43,24611,212],{"class":211},[43,24613,1649],{"class":53},[43,24615,82],{"class":81},[43,24617,7992],{"class":85},[43,24619,82],{"class":81},[43,24621,325],{"class":53},[43,24623,932],{"class":81},[43,24625,13542],{"class":85},[43,24627,82],{"class":81},[43,24629,800],{"class":53},[43,24631,932],{"class":81},[43,24633,9615],{"class":85},[43,24635,82],{"class":81},[43,24637,325],{"class":53},[43,24639,9622],{"class":63},[43,24641,1667],{"class":53},[43,24643,24644],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,24645,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,24647,24648,24650,24652,24654,24656,24658],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,24649,50],{"class":49},[43,24651,54],{"class":53},[43,24653,17630],{"class":236},[43,24655,315],{"class":53},[43,24657,17246],{"class":236},[43,24659,341],{"class":53},[43,24661,24662],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,24663,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,24665,24666,24668,24670,24672,24674,24676,24678,24680,24682,24684],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,24667,17630],{"class":207},[43,24669,4221],{"class":53},[43,24671,82],{"class":81},[43,24673,10725],{"class":85},[43,24675,82],{"class":81},[43,24677,13594],{"class":53},[43,24679,13597],{"class":211},[43,24681,932],{"class":81},[43,24683,10732],{"class":85},[43,24685,938],{"class":81},[43,24687,24688,24690,24692,24694,24696,24698],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,24689,50],{"class":49},[43,24691,54],{"class":53},[43,24693,17630],{"class":236},[43,24695,315],{"class":53},[43,24697,17246],{"class":236},[43,24699,341],{"class":53},[14,24701,24702],{},[913,24703,110],{},[34,24705,24707],{"className":36,"code":24706,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[18,24708,24709,24731],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,24710,24711,24713,24715,24717,24719,24721,24723,24725,24727,24729],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,24712,17337],{"class":236},[43,24714,794],{"class":53},[43,24716,283],{"class":81},[43,24718,7992],{"class":85},[43,24720,283],{"class":81},[43,24722,800],{"class":53},[43,24724,278],{"class":81},[43,24726,9615],{"class":85},[43,24728,283],{"class":81},[43,24730,4209],{"class":53},[43,24732,24733,24735,24737,24739,24741,24743,24745,24747,24749,24751,24753,24755,24757,24759],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,24734,17337],{"class":236},[43,24736,794],{"class":53},[43,24738,283],{"class":81},[43,24740,7992],{"class":85},[43,24742,283],{"class":81},[43,24744,800],{"class":53},[43,24746,278],{"class":81},[43,24748,9615],{"class":85},[43,24750,283],{"class":81},[43,24752,800],{"class":53},[43,24754,278],{"class":81},[43,24756,10725],{"class":85},[43,24758,283],{"class":81},[43,24760,4209],{"class":53},[14,24762,24763],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[29,24765,6113],{"id":6112},[14,24767,24768],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[34,24770,24772],{"className":36,"code":24771,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[18,24773,24774,24826,24830,24844],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,24775,24776,24778,24780,24782,24784,24786,24788,24790,24792,24794,24796,24798,24800,24802,24804,24806,24808,24810,24812,24814,24816,24818,24820,24822,24824],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,24777,9481],{"class":207},[43,24779,212],{"class":211},[43,24781,1649],{"class":53},[43,24783,82],{"class":81},[43,24785,7992],{"class":85},[43,24787,82],{"class":81},[43,24789,325],{"class":53},[43,24791,932],{"class":81},[43,24793,13200],{"class":85},[43,24795,82],{"class":81},[43,24797,800],{"class":53},[43,24799,932],{"class":81},[43,24801,9615],{"class":85},[43,24803,82],{"class":81},[43,24805,325],{"class":53},[43,24807,8115],{"class":63},[43,24809,800],{"class":53},[43,24811,932],{"class":81},[43,24813,20214],{"class":85},[43,24815,82],{"class":81},[43,24817,325],{"class":53},[43,24819,932],{"class":81},[43,24821,22568],{"class":85},[43,24823,82],{"class":81},[43,24825,1667],{"class":53},[43,24827,24828],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,24829,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,24831,24832,24834,24836,24838,24840,24842],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,24833,50],{"class":49},[43,24835,54],{"class":53},[43,24837,9520],{"class":236},[43,24839,315],{"class":53},[43,24841,17246],{"class":236},[43,24843,341],{"class":53},[43,24845,24846,24848,24850,24852,24854,24856,24858,24860],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,24847,50],{"class":49},[43,24849,54],{"class":53},[43,24851,849],{"class":57},[43,24853,54],{"class":53},[43,24855,9520],{"class":236},[43,24857,315],{"class":53},[43,24859,17246],{"class":236},[43,24861,6616],{"class":53},[14,24863,24864],{},[913,24865,110],{},[34,24867,24869],{"className":36,"code":24868,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[18,24870,24871,24901],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,24872,24873,24875,24877,24879,24881,24883,24885,24887,24889,24891,24893,24895,24897,24899],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,24874,17337],{"class":236},[43,24876,794],{"class":53},[43,24878,283],{"class":81},[43,24880,7992],{"class":85},[43,24882,283],{"class":81},[43,24884,800],{"class":53},[43,24886,278],{"class":81},[43,24888,9615],{"class":85},[43,24890,283],{"class":81},[43,24892,800],{"class":53},[43,24894,278],{"class":81},[43,24896,20214],{"class":85},[43,24898,283],{"class":81},[43,24900,4209],{"class":53},[43,24902,24903,24905,24907,24909,24911,24913,24915,24917,24919,24921,24923,24925,24927],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,24904,4221],{"class":53},[43,24906,283],{"class":81},[43,24908,7992],{"class":85},[43,24910,283],{"class":81},[43,24912,800],{"class":53},[43,24914,278],{"class":81},[43,24916,9615],{"class":85},[43,24918,283],{"class":81},[43,24920,800],{"class":53},[43,24922,278],{"class":81},[43,24924,20214],{"class":85},[43,24926,283],{"class":81},[43,24928,3955],{"class":53},[14,24930,24931],{},"This shows two things:",[150,24933,24934,24942],{},[153,24935,24936,22298,24939,24941],{},[18,24937,24938],{},"data.keys()",[18,24940,17337],{}," object",[153,24943,24944,24947],{},[18,24945,24946],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[14,24949,9467,24950,315],{},[189,24951,24952],{"href":9706},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[29,24954,5756],{"id":5755},[14,24956,2505],{},[34,24958,24960],{"className":36,"code":24959,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict.keys()\n",[18,24961,24962],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,24963,24964,24966,24968,24970],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,24965,11766],{"class":207},[43,24967,315],{"class":53},[43,24969,17246],{"class":236},[43,24971,1728],{"class":53},[14,24973,22123],{},[150,24975,24976,24979,24982],{},[153,24977,24978],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[153,24980,24981],{},"It takes no parameters",[153,24983,24984],{},"You must include the parentheses",[14,24986,16978],{},[34,24988,24990],{"className":36,"code":24989,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[18,24991,24992,25016],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,24993,24994,24996,24998,25000,25002,25004,25006,25008,25010,25012,25014],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,24995,13183],{"class":207},[43,24997,212],{"class":211},[43,24999,1649],{"class":53},[43,25001,82],{"class":81},[43,25003,7992],{"class":85},[43,25005,82],{"class":81},[43,25007,325],{"class":53},[43,25009,932],{"class":81},[43,25011,13200],{"class":85},[43,25013,82],{"class":81},[43,25015,1667],{"class":53},[43,25017,25018,25020,25022,25024,25026,25028],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,25019,50],{"class":49},[43,25021,54],{"class":53},[43,25023,13947],{"class":236},[43,25025,315],{"class":53},[43,25027,17246],{"class":236},[43,25029,341],{"class":53},[14,25031,25032],{},"Incorrect:",[34,25034,25036],{"className":36,"code":25035,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[18,25037,25038,25062],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25039,25040,25042,25044,25046,25048,25050,25052,25054,25056,25058,25060],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25041,13183],{"class":207},[43,25043,212],{"class":211},[43,25045,1649],{"class":53},[43,25047,82],{"class":81},[43,25049,7992],{"class":85},[43,25051,82],{"class":81},[43,25053,325],{"class":53},[43,25055,932],{"class":81},[43,25057,13200],{"class":85},[43,25059,82],{"class":81},[43,25061,1667],{"class":53},[43,25063,25064,25066,25068,25070,25072,25075],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,25065,50],{"class":49},[43,25067,54],{"class":53},[43,25069,13947],{"class":236},[43,25071,315],{"class":53},[43,25073,17246],{"class":25074},"skxfh",[43,25076,227],{"class":53},[14,25078,25079],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[29,25081,903],{"id":902},[14,25083,25084,22298,25086,25088],{},[18,25085,17388],{},[18,25087,17337],{}," object.",[14,25090,25091],{},"This object:",[150,25093,25094,25097,25100,25106],{},[153,25095,25096],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[153,25098,25099],{},"can be used in a loop",[153,25101,25102,25103],{},"can be converted with ",[18,25104,25105],{},"list()",[153,25107,25108],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[14,25110,197],{},[34,25112,25114],{"className":36,"code":25113,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,25115,25116,25157,25161,25176,25180,25190],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25117,25118,25121,25123,25125,25127,25130,25132,25134,25136,25139,25141,25143,25145,25148,25150,25152,25155],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25119,25120],{"class":207},"car ",[43,25122,212],{"class":211},[43,25124,1649],{"class":53},[43,25126,82],{"class":81},[43,25128,25129],{"class":85},"brand",[43,25131,82],{"class":81},[43,25133,325],{"class":53},[43,25135,932],{"class":81},[43,25137,25138],{"class":85},"Toyota",[43,25140,82],{"class":81},[43,25142,800],{"class":53},[43,25144,932],{"class":81},[43,25146,25147],{"class":85},"year",[43,25149,82],{"class":81},[43,25151,325],{"class":53},[43,25153,25154],{"class":63}," 2020",[43,25156,1667],{"class":53},[43,25158,25159],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,25160,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,25162,25163,25165,25167,25170,25172,25174],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,25164,1282],{"class":207},[43,25166,212],{"class":211},[43,25168,25169],{"class":207}," car",[43,25171,315],{"class":53},[43,25173,17246],{"class":236},[43,25175,1728],{"class":53},[43,25177,25178],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,25179,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,25181,25182,25184,25186,25188],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,25183,50],{"class":49},[43,25185,54],{"class":53},[43,25187,1306],{"class":236},[43,25189,227],{"class":53},[43,25191,25192,25194,25196,25198,25200,25202],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,25193,50],{"class":49},[43,25195,54],{"class":53},[43,25197,248],{"class":57},[43,25199,54],{"class":53},[43,25201,1306],{"class":236},[43,25203,67],{"class":53},[14,25205,25206],{},[913,25207,110],{},[34,25209,25211],{"className":36,"code":25210,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[18,25212,25213,25235],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25214,25215,25217,25219,25221,25223,25225,25227,25229,25231,25233],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25216,17337],{"class":236},[43,25218,794],{"class":53},[43,25220,283],{"class":81},[43,25222,25129],{"class":85},[43,25224,283],{"class":81},[43,25226,800],{"class":53},[43,25228,278],{"class":81},[43,25230,25147],{"class":85},[43,25232,283],{"class":81},[43,25234,4209],{"class":53},[43,25236,25237,25239,25241,25243,25245,25247],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,25238,271],{"class":211},[43,25240,275],{"class":274},[43,25242,278],{"class":81},[43,25244,17337],{"class":85},[43,25246,283],{"class":81},[43,25248,286],{"class":211},[14,25250,25251,25252,25256,25257,315],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[189,25253,11051,25254,11055],{"href":17391},[18,25255,17394],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[189,25258,11051,25259,11055],{"href":17398},[18,25260,17401],{},[29,25262,25264],{"id":25263},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[14,25266,25267],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[34,25269,25271],{"className":36,"code":25270,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[18,25272,25273,25326,25330,25346],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25274,25275,25277,25279,25281,25283,25285,25287,25289,25291,25293,25295,25297,25299,25301,25303,25305,25307,25309,25311,25313,25315,25317,25319,25322,25324],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25276,13183],{"class":207},[43,25278,212],{"class":211},[43,25280,1649],{"class":53},[43,25282,82],{"class":81},[43,25284,7992],{"class":85},[43,25286,82],{"class":81},[43,25288,325],{"class":53},[43,25290,932],{"class":81},[43,25292,13200],{"class":85},[43,25294,82],{"class":81},[43,25296,800],{"class":53},[43,25298,932],{"class":81},[43,25300,9615],{"class":85},[43,25302,82],{"class":81},[43,25304,325],{"class":53},[43,25306,8115],{"class":63},[43,25308,800],{"class":53},[43,25310,932],{"class":81},[43,25312,15650],{"class":85},[43,25314,82],{"class":81},[43,25316,325],{"class":53},[43,25318,932],{"class":81},[43,25320,25321],{"class":85},"Math",[43,25323,82],{"class":81},[43,25325,1667],{"class":53},[43,25327,25328],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,25329,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,25331,25332,25334,25336,25338,25340,25342,25344],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,25333,6284],{"class":1927},[43,25335,18531],{"class":207},[43,25337,4203],{"class":1927},[43,25339,13226],{"class":207},[43,25341,315],{"class":53},[43,25343,17246],{"class":236},[43,25345,21918],{"class":53},[43,25347,25348,25350,25352,25354],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,25349,1951],{"class":49},[43,25351,54],{"class":53},[43,25353,15163],{"class":236},[43,25355,227],{"class":53},[14,25357,25358],{},[913,25359,110],{},[34,25361,25363],{"className":36,"code":25362,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[18,25364,25365,25370,25375],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25366,25367],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25368,25369],{"class":207},"name\n",[43,25371,25372],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,25373,25374],{"class":207},"age\n",[43,25376,25377],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,25378,25379],{"class":207},"course\n",[14,25381,25382],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[34,25384,25386],{"className":36,"code":25385,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[18,25387,25388,25400],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25389,25390,25392,25394,25396,25398],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25391,6284],{"class":1927},[43,25393,18531],{"class":207},[43,25395,4203],{"class":1927},[43,25397,13226],{"class":207},[43,25399,1931],{"class":53},[43,25401,25402,25404,25406,25408],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,25403,1951],{"class":49},[43,25405,54],{"class":53},[43,25407,15163],{"class":236},[43,25409,227],{"class":53},[14,25411,25412,25413,25416],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[18,25414,25415],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[29,25418,5284,25420],{"id":25419},"when-to-use-keys",[18,25421,17388],{},[14,25423,133,25424,10916],{},[18,25425,17388],{},[150,25427,25428,25431,25434],{},[153,25429,25430],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[153,25432,25433],{},"you want to display available fields",[153,25435,25436],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[14,25438,197],{},[34,25440,25442],{"className":36,"code":25441,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[18,25443,25444,25496,25500,25515,25532],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25445,25446,25449,25451,25453,25455,25457,25459,25461,25463,25466,25468,25470,25472,25474,25476,25478,25481,25483,25485,25488,25490,25492,25494],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25447,25448],{"class":207},"product ",[43,25450,212],{"class":211},[43,25452,1649],{"class":53},[43,25454,82],{"class":81},[43,25456,7992],{"class":85},[43,25458,82],{"class":81},[43,25460,325],{"class":53},[43,25462,932],{"class":81},[43,25464,25465],{"class":85},"Book",[43,25467,82],{"class":81},[43,25469,800],{"class":53},[43,25471,932],{"class":81},[43,25473,389],{"class":85},[43,25475,82],{"class":81},[43,25477,325],{"class":53},[43,25479,25480],{"class":63}," 12.99",[43,25482,800],{"class":53},[43,25484,932],{"class":81},[43,25486,25487],{"class":85},"stock",[43,25489,82],{"class":81},[43,25491,325],{"class":53},[43,25493,4929],{"class":63},[43,25495,1667],{"class":53},[43,25497,25498],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,25499,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,25501,25502,25504,25506,25508,25511,25513],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,25503,50],{"class":49},[43,25505,54],{"class":53},[43,25507,82],{"class":81},[43,25509,25510],{"class":85},"Available fields:",[43,25512,82],{"class":81},[43,25514,227],{"class":53},[43,25516,25517,25519,25521,25523,25526,25528,25530],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,25518,6284],{"class":1927},[43,25520,18531],{"class":207},[43,25522,4203],{"class":1927},[43,25524,25525],{"class":207}," product",[43,25527,315],{"class":53},[43,25529,17246],{"class":236},[43,25531,21918],{"class":53},[43,25533,25534,25536,25538,25540],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,25535,1951],{"class":49},[43,25537,54],{"class":53},[43,25539,15163],{"class":236},[43,25541,227],{"class":53},[14,25543,25544],{},[913,25545,110],{},[34,25547,25549],{"className":36,"code":25548,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[18,25550,25551,25558,25562,25567],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25552,25553,25556],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25554,25555],{"class":207},"Available fields",[43,25557,1931],{"class":53},[43,25559,25560],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,25561,25369],{"class":207},[43,25563,25564],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,25565,25566],{"class":207},"price\n",[43,25568,25569],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,25570,25571],{"class":207},"stock\n",[14,25573,25574],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[34,25576,25578],{"className":36,"code":25577,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[18,25579,25580,25616,25620],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25581,25582,25584,25586,25588,25590,25592,25594,25596,25598,25600,25602,25604,25606,25608,25610,25612,25614],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25583,25448],{"class":207},[43,25585,212],{"class":211},[43,25587,1649],{"class":53},[43,25589,82],{"class":81},[43,25591,7992],{"class":85},[43,25593,82],{"class":81},[43,25595,325],{"class":53},[43,25597,932],{"class":81},[43,25599,25465],{"class":85},[43,25601,82],{"class":81},[43,25603,800],{"class":53},[43,25605,932],{"class":81},[43,25607,389],{"class":85},[43,25609,82],{"class":81},[43,25611,325],{"class":53},[43,25613,25480],{"class":63},[43,25615,1667],{"class":53},[43,25617,25618],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,25619,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,25621,25622,25624,25626,25628,25630,25632,25634,25636,25638,25640],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,25623,50],{"class":49},[43,25625,54],{"class":53},[43,25627,82],{"class":81},[43,25629,7992],{"class":85},[43,25631,82],{"class":81},[43,25633,21497],{"class":1927},[43,25635,25525],{"class":236},[43,25637,315],{"class":53},[43,25639,17246],{"class":236},[43,25641,341],{"class":53},[14,25643,25644,25645,315],{},"This works and returns ",[18,25646,105],{},[14,25648,25649],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[34,25651,25653],{"className":36,"code":25652,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[18,25654,25655],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25656,25657,25659,25661,25663,25665,25667,25669,25671],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25658,50],{"class":49},[43,25660,54],{"class":53},[43,25662,82],{"class":81},[43,25664,7992],{"class":85},[43,25666,82],{"class":81},[43,25668,21497],{"class":1927},[43,25670,25525],{"class":236},[43,25672,227],{"class":53},[14,25674,25675,25676,315],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[189,25677,21530],{"href":17476},[29,25679,25681],{"id":25680},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[14,25683,25684,25685,315],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[18,25686,17388],{},[402,25688,8773,25690,25692],{"id":25689},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[18,25691,17388],{}," to return key-value pairs",[14,25694,25695,25697],{},[18,25696,17388],{}," returns only the keys.",[14,25699,197],{},[34,25701,25703],{"className":36,"code":25702,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[18,25704,25705,25741],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25706,25707,25709,25711,25713,25715,25717,25719,25721,25723,25725,25727,25729,25731,25733,25735,25737,25739],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25708,9481],{"class":207},[43,25710,212],{"class":211},[43,25712,1649],{"class":53},[43,25714,82],{"class":81},[43,25716,7992],{"class":85},[43,25718,82],{"class":81},[43,25720,325],{"class":53},[43,25722,932],{"class":81},[43,25724,13200],{"class":85},[43,25726,82],{"class":81},[43,25728,800],{"class":53},[43,25730,932],{"class":81},[43,25732,9615],{"class":85},[43,25734,82],{"class":81},[43,25736,325],{"class":53},[43,25738,8115],{"class":63},[43,25740,1667],{"class":53},[43,25742,25743,25745,25747,25749,25751,25753],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,25744,50],{"class":49},[43,25746,54],{"class":53},[43,25748,9520],{"class":236},[43,25750,315],{"class":53},[43,25752,17246],{"class":236},[43,25754,341],{"class":53},[14,25756,25757],{},[913,25758,110],{},[34,25760,25762],{"className":36,"code":25761,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[18,25763,25764],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25765,25766,25768,25770,25772,25774,25776,25778,25780,25782,25784],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25767,17337],{"class":236},[43,25769,794],{"class":53},[43,25771,283],{"class":81},[43,25773,7992],{"class":85},[43,25775,283],{"class":81},[43,25777,800],{"class":53},[43,25779,278],{"class":81},[43,25781,9615],{"class":85},[43,25783,283],{"class":81},[43,25785,4209],{"class":53},[14,25787,25788,25789,315],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[189,25790,25791],{"href":17398},[18,25792,17401],{},[402,25794,25796,25797],{"id":25795},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[18,25798,17337],{},[14,25800,25801],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[34,25803,25805],{"className":36,"code":25804,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['name', 'age']\n",[18,25806,25807],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25808,25809,25811,25813,25815,25817,25819,25821,25823,25825],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25810,4221],{"class":53},[43,25812,283],{"class":81},[43,25814,7992],{"class":85},[43,25816,283],{"class":81},[43,25818,800],{"class":53},[43,25820,278],{"class":81},[43,25822,9615],{"class":85},[43,25824,283],{"class":81},[43,25826,3955],{"class":53},[14,25828,25829,25830,25832],{},"But ",[18,25831,17388],{}," returns:",[34,25834,25835],{"className":36,"code":25761,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,25836,25837],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25838,25839,25841,25843,25845,25847,25849,25851,25853,25855,25857],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25840,17337],{"class":236},[43,25842,794],{"class":53},[43,25844,283],{"class":81},[43,25846,7992],{"class":85},[43,25848,283],{"class":81},[43,25850,800],{"class":53},[43,25852,278],{"class":81},[43,25854,9615],{"class":85},[43,25856,283],{"class":81},[43,25858,4209],{"class":53},[14,25860,25861],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[34,25863,25865],{"className":36,"code":25864,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[18,25866,25867,25903,25922,25926],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25868,25869,25871,25873,25875,25877,25879,25881,25883,25885,25887,25889,25891,25893,25895,25897,25899,25901],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25870,9481],{"class":207},[43,25872,212],{"class":211},[43,25874,1649],{"class":53},[43,25876,82],{"class":81},[43,25878,7992],{"class":85},[43,25880,82],{"class":81},[43,25882,325],{"class":53},[43,25884,932],{"class":81},[43,25886,13200],{"class":85},[43,25888,82],{"class":81},[43,25890,800],{"class":53},[43,25892,932],{"class":81},[43,25894,9615],{"class":85},[43,25896,82],{"class":81},[43,25898,325],{"class":53},[43,25900,8115],{"class":63},[43,25902,1667],{"class":53},[43,25904,25905,25908,25910,25912,25914,25916,25918,25920],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,25906,25907],{"class":207},"key_list ",[43,25909,212],{"class":211},[43,25911,22883],{"class":57},[43,25913,54],{"class":53},[43,25915,9520],{"class":236},[43,25917,315],{"class":53},[43,25919,17246],{"class":236},[43,25921,341],{"class":53},[43,25923,25924],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,25925,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,25927,25928,25930,25932,25935],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,25929,50],{"class":49},[43,25931,54],{"class":53},[43,25933,25934],{"class":236},"key_list",[43,25936,227],{"class":53},[402,25938,25940,25941,25943],{"id":25939},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[18,25942,17388],{}," on a list or string",[14,25945,25946,25948],{},[18,25947,17388],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[14,25950,3167],{},[34,25952,25954],{"className":36,"code":25953,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[18,25955,25956,25976],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,25957,25958,25960,25962,25964,25966,25968,25970,25972,25974],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,25959,3937],{"class":207},[43,25961,212],{"class":211},[43,25963,3942],{"class":53},[43,25965,797],{"class":63},[43,25967,800],{"class":53},[43,25969,803],{"class":63},[43,25971,800],{"class":53},[43,25973,808],{"class":63},[43,25975,3955],{"class":53},[43,25977,25978,25980,25982,25984,25986,25988],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,25979,50],{"class":49},[43,25981,54],{"class":53},[43,25983,3969],{"class":236},[43,25985,315],{"class":53},[43,25987,17246],{"class":236},[43,25989,341],{"class":53},[14,25991,25992,25993,25996,25997,25999,26000,315],{},"You may get an ",[18,25994,25995],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[18,25998,17388],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[189,26001,26003,26004,26007],{"href":26002},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[18,26005,26006],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[402,26009,26011],{"id":26010},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[14,26013,26014],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[34,26016,26018],{"className":36,"code":26017,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[18,26019,26020,26044],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,26021,26022,26024,26026,26028,26030,26032,26034,26036,26038,26040,26042],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,26023,9481],{"class":207},[43,26025,212],{"class":211},[43,26027,1649],{"class":53},[43,26029,82],{"class":81},[43,26031,7992],{"class":85},[43,26033,82],{"class":81},[43,26035,325],{"class":53},[43,26037,932],{"class":81},[43,26039,13200],{"class":85},[43,26041,82],{"class":81},[43,26043,1667],{"class":53},[43,26045,26046,26048,26050,26052,26054,26056],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,26047,50],{"class":49},[43,26049,54],{"class":53},[43,26051,9520],{"class":236},[43,26053,315],{"class":53},[43,26055,17246],{"class":25074},[43,26057,227],{"class":53},[14,26059,26060],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[14,26062,19017],{},[34,26064,26066],{"className":36,"code":26065,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(data.keys())\n",[18,26067,26068],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,26069,26070,26072,26074,26076,26078,26080],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,26071,50],{"class":49},[43,26073,54],{"class":53},[43,26075,9520],{"class":236},[43,26077,315],{"class":53},[43,26079,17246],{"class":236},[43,26081,341],{"class":53},[29,26083,3160],{"id":3159},[14,26085,26086,26087,325],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[18,26088,17388],{},[150,26090,26091,26096,26102,26108],{},[153,26092,8738,26093,26095],{},[18,26094,17388],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[153,26097,26098,26099,26101],{},"Thinking ",[18,26100,17388],{}," returns values too",[153,26103,26104,26105,26107],{},"Trying to index ",[18,26106,17337],{}," like a normal list",[153,26109,26110,26111,26113],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[18,26112,17337],{}," to a list when needed",[14,26115,26116],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[34,26118,26120],{"className":36,"code":26119,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[18,26121,26122,26154,26168,26172,26182],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,26123,26124,26126,26128,26130,26132,26134,26136,26138,26140,26142,26144,26146,26148,26150,26152],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,26125,9481],{"class":207},[43,26127,212],{"class":211},[43,26129,1649],{"class":53},[43,26131,82],{"class":81},[43,26133,189],{"class":85},[43,26135,82],{"class":81},[43,26137,325],{"class":53},[43,26139,5823],{"class":63},[43,26141,800],{"class":53},[43,26143,932],{"class":81},[43,26145,1231],{"class":85},[43,26147,82],{"class":81},[43,26149,325],{"class":53},[43,26151,803],{"class":63},[43,26153,1667],{"class":53},[43,26155,26156,26158,26160,26162,26164,26166],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,26157,17565],{"class":207},[43,26159,212],{"class":211},[43,26161,14888],{"class":207},[43,26163,315],{"class":53},[43,26165,17246],{"class":236},[43,26167,1728],{"class":53},[43,26169,26170],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,26171,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,26173,26174,26176,26178,26180],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,26175,50],{"class":49},[43,26177,54],{"class":53},[43,26179,17246],{"class":236},[43,26181,227],{"class":53},[43,26183,26184],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,26185,26186],{"class":3984},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[14,26188,26189],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[34,26191,26193],{"className":36,"code":26192,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[18,26194,26195,26227,26245,26249],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,26196,26197,26199,26201,26203,26205,26207,26209,26211,26213,26215,26217,26219,26221,26223,26225],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,26198,9481],{"class":207},[43,26200,212],{"class":211},[43,26202,1649],{"class":53},[43,26204,82],{"class":81},[43,26206,189],{"class":85},[43,26208,82],{"class":81},[43,26210,325],{"class":53},[43,26212,5823],{"class":63},[43,26214,800],{"class":53},[43,26216,932],{"class":81},[43,26218,1231],{"class":85},[43,26220,82],{"class":81},[43,26222,325],{"class":53},[43,26224,803],{"class":63},[43,26226,1667],{"class":53},[43,26228,26229,26231,26233,26235,26237,26239,26241,26243],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,26230,17565],{"class":207},[43,26232,212],{"class":211},[43,26234,22883],{"class":57},[43,26236,54],{"class":53},[43,26238,9520],{"class":236},[43,26240,315],{"class":53},[43,26242,17246],{"class":236},[43,26244,341],{"class":53},[43,26246,26247],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,26248,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,26250,26251,26253,26255,26257,26259,26261],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,26252,50],{"class":49},[43,26254,54],{"class":53},[43,26256,17246],{"class":236},[43,26258,4221],{"class":53},[43,26260,2466],{"class":63},[43,26262,4209],{"class":53},[29,26264,26266],{"id":26265},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[14,26268,11428],{},[34,26270,26272],{"className":36,"code":26271,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[18,26273,26274,26288,26298,26312],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,26275,26276,26278,26280,26282,26284,26286],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,26277,50],{"class":49},[43,26279,54],{"class":53},[43,26281,248],{"class":57},[43,26283,54],{"class":53},[43,26285,11766],{"class":236},[43,26287,67],{"class":53},[43,26289,26290,26292,26294,26296],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,26291,50],{"class":49},[43,26293,54],{"class":53},[43,26295,11766],{"class":236},[43,26297,227],{"class":53},[43,26299,26300,26302,26304,26306,26308,26310],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,26301,50],{"class":49},[43,26303,54],{"class":53},[43,26305,11766],{"class":236},[43,26307,315],{"class":53},[43,26309,17246],{"class":236},[43,26311,341],{"class":53},[43,26313,26314,26316,26318,26320,26322,26324,26326,26328],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,26315,50],{"class":49},[43,26317,54],{"class":53},[43,26319,849],{"class":57},[43,26321,54],{"class":53},[43,26323,11766],{"class":236},[43,26325,315],{"class":53},[43,26327,17246],{"class":236},[43,26329,6616],{"class":53},[14,26331,26332],{},"These help you confirm:",[150,26334,26335,26338,26341,26346],{},[153,26336,26337],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[153,26339,26340],{},"what data it contains",[153,26342,26343,26344,12023],{},"what ",[18,26345,17388],{},[153,26347,26348],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[29,26350,2162],{"id":2161},[402,26352,24242,26354,5469],{"id":26353},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[18,26355,17388],{},[14,26357,17743,26358,26360],{},[18,26359,17337],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[402,26362,15225,26364,26367],{"id":26363},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[18,26365,26366],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[14,26369,26370,26371,26373,26374,315],{},"No. It returns a ",[18,26372,17337],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[18,26375,26376],{},"list(dict.keys())",[402,26378,26380,26381,2822],{"id":26379},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[18,26382,26366],{},[14,26384,26385,26386,26388],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[18,26387,6284],{}," loop.",[402,26390,26392,26393,26395],{"id":26391},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[18,26394,17388],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[14,26397,26398,26399,26401],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[18,26400,17388],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[402,26403,26405],{"id":26404},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[14,26407,133,26408,315],{},[18,26409,26410],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[29,26412,2229],{"id":2228},[150,26414,26415,26420,26426,26432,26438,26442],{},[153,26416,26417],{},[189,26418,26419],{"href":9706},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[153,26421,26422],{},[189,26423,11051,26424,11055],{"href":17391},[18,26425,17394],{},[153,26427,26428],{},[189,26429,11051,26430,11055],{"href":17398},[18,26431,17401],{},[153,26433,26434],{},[189,26435,26437],{"href":26436},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[153,26439,26440],{},[189,26441,17477],{"href":17476},[153,26443,26444],{},[189,26445,26446,26447,26007],{"href":26002},"How to fix ",[18,26448,26006],{},[2262,26450,26451],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":26453},[26454,26455,26457,26458,26459,26460,26461,26463,26472,26473,26474,26485],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":24573,"depth":70,"text":26456},"What keys() does",{"id":6112,"depth":70,"text":6113},{"id":5755,"depth":70,"text":5756},{"id":902,"depth":70,"text":903},{"id":25263,"depth":70,"text":25264},{"id":25419,"depth":70,"text":26462},"When to use keys()",{"id":25680,"depth":70,"text":25681,"children":26464},[26465,26467,26469,26471],{"id":25689,"depth":93,"text":26466},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25795,"depth":93,"text":26468},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25939,"depth":93,"text":26470},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":26010,"depth":93,"text":26011},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":26265,"depth":70,"text":26266},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":26475},[26476,26478,26480,26482,26484],{"id":26353,"depth":93,"text":26477},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26363,"depth":93,"text":26479},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26379,"depth":93,"text":26481},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26391,"depth":93,"text":26483},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26404,"depth":93,"text":26405},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24395,"description":26486},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26492,"title":26493,"body":26494,"description":28767,"extension":2312,"meta":28768,"navigation":958,"path":28769,"seo":28770,"stem":28771,"__hash__":28772},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26495,"toc":28720},[26496,26501,26506,26509,26511,26657,26670,26675,26679,26693,26695,26798,26807,26809,26812,26850,26875,26877,26984,26986,26993,26996,27004,27006,27147,27155,27160,27164,27175,27177,27339,27342,27350,27357,27363,27460,27466,27543,27546,27558,27563,27569,27572,27576,27665,27668,27672,27776,27783,27870,27879,27881,27886,27892,27895,27941,27944,28010,28019,28025,28118,28124,28130,28173,28176,28241,28247,28339,28342,28346,28352,28377,28380,28476,28483,28485,28490,28581,28583,28611,28616,28618,28625,28628,28632,28642,28647,28650,28657,28667,28674,28682,28684,28717],[10,26497,11634,26499,11638],{"id":26498},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[18,26500,13082],{},[14,26502,26503,26505],{},[18,26504,12888],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[14,26507,26508],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[29,26510,3927],{"id":3926},[34,26512,26514],{"className":36,"code":26513,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[18,26515,26516,26552,26576,26590,26603,26607,26612,26644],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,26517,26518,26520,26522,26524,26526,26528,26530,26532,26534,26536,26538,26540,26542,26544,26546,26548,26550],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,26519,13525],{"class":207},[43,26521,212],{"class":211},[43,26523,1649],{"class":53},[43,26525,82],{"class":81},[43,26527,7992],{"class":85},[43,26529,82],{"class":81},[43,26531,325],{"class":53},[43,26533,932],{"class":81},[43,26535,13200],{"class":85},[43,26537,82],{"class":81},[43,26539,800],{"class":53},[43,26541,932],{"class":81},[43,26543,9615],{"class":85},[43,26545,82],{"class":81},[43,26547,325],{"class":53},[43,26549,9622],{"class":63},[43,26551,1667],{"class":53},[43,26553,26554,26557,26559,26561,26563,26566,26568,26570,26572,26574],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,26555,26556],{"class":207},"removed_age ",[43,26558,212],{"class":211},[43,26560,13568],{"class":207},[43,26562,315],{"class":53},[43,26564,26565],{"class":236},"pop",[43,26567,54],{"class":53},[43,26569,82],{"class":81},[43,26571,9615],{"class":85},[43,26573,82],{"class":81},[43,26575,227],{"class":53},[43,26577,26578,26580,26582,26585,26587],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,26579,50],{"class":49},[43,26581,54],{"class":53},[43,26583,26584],{"class":236},"removed_age",[43,26586,1221],{"class":53},[43,26588,26589],{"class":3984},"   # 25\n",[43,26591,26592,26594,26596,26598,26600],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,26593,50],{"class":49},[43,26595,54],{"class":53},[43,26597,17630],{"class":236},[43,26599,1221],{"class":53},[43,26601,26602],{"class":3984},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[43,26604,26605],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,26606,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,26608,26609],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,26610,26611],{"class":3984},"# Safe version with default value\n",[43,26613,26614,26617,26619,26621,26623,26625,26627,26629,26631,26633,26635,26637,26640,26642],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,26615,26616],{"class":207},"country ",[43,26618,212],{"class":211},[43,26620,13568],{"class":207},[43,26622,315],{"class":53},[43,26624,26565],{"class":236},[43,26626,54],{"class":53},[43,26628,82],{"class":81},[43,26630,15583],{"class":85},[43,26632,82],{"class":81},[43,26634,800],{"class":53},[43,26636,932],{"class":81},[43,26638,26639],{"class":85},"Not found",[43,26641,82],{"class":81},[43,26643,227],{"class":53},[43,26645,26646,26648,26650,26652,26654],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,26647,50],{"class":49},[43,26649,54],{"class":53},[43,26651,15583],{"class":236},[43,26653,1221],{"class":53},[43,26655,26656],{"class":3984},"       # Not found\n",[14,26658,133,26659,26662,26663,26666,26667,26669],{},[18,26660,26661],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[18,26664,26665],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[18,26668,20010],{}," when the key might not exist.",[29,26671,3998,26673,4001],{"id":26672},"what-dictpop-does",[18,26674,12888],{},[14,26676,26677,325],{},[18,26678,12888],{},[150,26680,26681,26684,26687,26690],{},[153,26682,26683],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[153,26685,26686],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[153,26688,26689],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[153,26691,26692],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[14,26694,197],{},[34,26696,26698],{"className":36,"code":26697,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[18,26699,26700,26740,26744,26767,26771,26785],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,26701,26702,26704,26706,26708,26710,26712,26714,26716,26718,26720,26722,26724,26726,26728,26730,26732,26734,26736,26738],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,26703,11805],{"class":207},[43,26705,212],{"class":211},[43,26707,1649],{"class":53},[43,26709,82],{"class":81},[43,26711,7992],{"class":85},[43,26713,82],{"class":81},[43,26715,325],{"class":53},[43,26717,932],{"class":81},[43,26719,13542],{"class":85},[43,26721,82],{"class":81},[43,26723,800],{"class":53},[43,26725,932],{"class":81},[43,26727,10725],{"class":85},[43,26729,82],{"class":81},[43,26731,325],{"class":53},[43,26733,932],{"class":81},[43,26735,10732],{"class":85},[43,26737,82],{"class":81},[43,26739,1667],{"class":53},[43,26741,26742],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,26743,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,26745,26746,26749,26751,26753,26755,26757,26759,26761,26763,26765],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,26747,26748],{"class":207},"removed_city ",[43,26750,212],{"class":211},[43,26752,11888],{"class":207},[43,26754,315],{"class":53},[43,26756,26565],{"class":236},[43,26758,54],{"class":53},[43,26760,82],{"class":81},[43,26762,10725],{"class":85},[43,26764,82],{"class":81},[43,26766,227],{"class":53},[43,26768,26769],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,26770,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,26772,26773,26775,26777,26780,26782],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,26774,50],{"class":49},[43,26776,54],{"class":53},[43,26778,26779],{"class":236},"removed_city",[43,26781,1221],{"class":53},[43,26783,26784],{"class":3984},"  # Paris\n",[43,26786,26787,26789,26791,26793,26795],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,26788,50],{"class":49},[43,26790,54],{"class":53},[43,26792,11899],{"class":236},[43,26794,1221],{"class":53},[43,26796,26797],{"class":3984},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[14,26799,21094,26800,26803,26804,315],{},[18,26801,26802],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[18,26805,26806],{},"\"Paris\"",[29,26808,290],{"id":289},[14,26810,26811],{},"There are two common forms:",[34,26813,26815],{"className":36,"code":26814,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[18,26816,26817,26831],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,26818,26819,26821,26823,26825,26827,26829],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,26820,11766],{"class":207},[43,26822,315],{"class":53},[43,26824,26565],{"class":236},[43,26826,54],{"class":53},[43,26828,15163],{"class":236},[43,26830,227],{"class":53},[43,26832,26833,26835,26837,26839,26841,26843,26845,26848],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,26834,11766],{"class":207},[43,26836,315],{"class":53},[43,26838,26565],{"class":236},[43,26840,54],{"class":53},[43,26842,15163],{"class":236},[43,26844,800],{"class":53},[43,26846,26847],{"class":236}," default",[43,26849,227],{"class":53},[150,26851,26852,26858,26866,26872],{},[153,26853,26854,26857],{},[18,26855,26856],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[153,26859,26860,26862,26863,26865],{},[18,26861,26856],{}," raises ",[18,26864,20010],{}," if the key is missing",[153,26867,26868,26871],{},[18,26869,26870],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[153,26873,26874],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[14,26876,197],{},[34,26878,26880],{"className":36,"code":26879,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[18,26881,26882,26914,26918,26943,26971],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,26883,26884,26886,26888,26890,26892,26894,26896,26898,26900,26902,26904,26906,26908,26910,26912],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,26885,5387],{"class":207},[43,26887,212],{"class":211},[43,26889,1649],{"class":53},[43,26891,82],{"class":81},[43,26893,18739],{"class":85},[43,26895,82],{"class":81},[43,26897,325],{"class":53},[43,26899,20221],{"class":63},[43,26901,800],{"class":53},[43,26903,932],{"class":81},[43,26905,18748],{"class":85},[43,26907,82],{"class":81},[43,26909,325],{"class":53},[43,26911,13828],{"class":63},[43,26913,1667],{"class":53},[43,26915,26916],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,26917,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,26919,26920,26922,26924,26926,26928,26930,26932,26934,26936,26938,26940],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,26921,50],{"class":49},[43,26923,54],{"class":53},[43,26925,16711],{"class":236},[43,26927,315],{"class":53},[43,26929,26565],{"class":236},[43,26931,54],{"class":53},[43,26933,82],{"class":81},[43,26935,18739],{"class":85},[43,26937,82],{"class":81},[43,26939,5686],{"class":53},[43,26941,26942],{"class":3984},"         # 90\n",[43,26944,26945,26947,26949,26951,26953,26955,26957,26959,26961,26963,26965,26967,26969],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,26946,50],{"class":49},[43,26948,54],{"class":53},[43,26950,16711],{"class":236},[43,26952,315],{"class":53},[43,26954,26565],{"class":236},[43,26956,54],{"class":53},[43,26958,82],{"class":81},[43,26960,18757],{"class":85},[43,26962,82],{"class":81},[43,26964,800],{"class":53},[43,26966,4155],{"class":63},[43,26968,5686],{"class":53},[43,26970,21091],{"class":3984},[43,26972,26973,26975,26977,26979,26981],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,26974,50],{"class":49},[43,26976,54],{"class":53},[43,26978,16711],{"class":236},[43,26980,1221],{"class":53},[43,26982,26983],{"class":3984},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[29,26985,903],{"id":902},[14,26987,26988,14375,26990,26992],{},[18,26989,13082],{},[913,26991,734],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[14,26994,26995],{},"Instead, it returns:",[150,26997,26998,27001],{},[153,26999,27000],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[153,27002,27003],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[14,27005,197],{},[34,27007,27009],{"className":36,"code":27008,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[18,27010,27011,27043,27047,27070,27102,27106,27120,27134],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,27012,27013,27015,27017,27019,27021,27023,27025,27027,27029,27031,27033,27035,27037,27039,27041],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,27014,9481],{"class":207},[43,27016,212],{"class":211},[43,27018,1649],{"class":53},[43,27020,82],{"class":81},[43,27022,189],{"class":85},[43,27024,82],{"class":81},[43,27026,325],{"class":53},[43,27028,6331],{"class":63},[43,27030,800],{"class":53},[43,27032,932],{"class":81},[43,27034,1231],{"class":85},[43,27036,82],{"class":81},[43,27038,325],{"class":53},[43,27040,8115],{"class":63},[43,27042,1667],{"class":53},[43,27044,27045],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,27046,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,27048,27049,27052,27054,27056,27058,27060,27062,27064,27066,27068],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,27050,27051],{"class":207},"result1 ",[43,27053,212],{"class":211},[43,27055,14888],{"class":207},[43,27057,315],{"class":53},[43,27059,26565],{"class":236},[43,27061,54],{"class":53},[43,27063,82],{"class":81},[43,27065,189],{"class":85},[43,27067,82],{"class":81},[43,27069,227],{"class":53},[43,27071,27072,27075,27077,27079,27081,27083,27085,27087,27089,27091,27093,27095,27098,27100],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,27073,27074],{"class":207},"result2 ",[43,27076,212],{"class":211},[43,27078,14888],{"class":207},[43,27080,315],{"class":53},[43,27082,26565],{"class":236},[43,27084,54],{"class":53},[43,27086,82],{"class":81},[43,27088,10055],{"class":85},[43,27090,82],{"class":81},[43,27092,800],{"class":53},[43,27094,932],{"class":81},[43,27096,27097],{"class":85},"missing",[43,27099,82],{"class":81},[43,27101,227],{"class":53},[43,27103,27104],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,27105,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,27107,27108,27110,27112,27115,27117],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,27109,50],{"class":49},[43,27111,54],{"class":53},[43,27113,27114],{"class":236},"result1",[43,27116,1221],{"class":53},[43,27118,27119],{"class":3984},"  # 10\n",[43,27121,27122,27124,27126,27129,27131],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,27123,50],{"class":49},[43,27125,54],{"class":53},[43,27127,27128],{"class":236},"result2",[43,27130,1221],{"class":53},[43,27132,27133],{"class":3984},"  # missing\n",[43,27135,27136,27138,27140,27142,27144],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,27137,50],{"class":49},[43,27139,54],{"class":53},[43,27141,9520],{"class":236},[43,27143,1221],{"class":53},[43,27145,27146],{"class":3984},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[14,27148,27149,27150,6956],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[189,27151,27152],{"href":11050},[18,27153,27154],{},"dict.get()",[29,27156,5284,27158],{"id":27157},"when-to-use-pop",[18,27159,13082],{},[14,27161,133,27162,10916],{},[18,27163,13082],{},[150,27165,27166,27169,27172],{},[153,27167,27168],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[153,27170,27171],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[153,27173,27174],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[14,27176,197],{},[34,27178,27180],{"className":36,"code":27179,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[18,27181,27182,27234,27238,27265,27269,27293,27297,27311,27325],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,27183,27184,27186,27188,27190,27192,27194,27196,27198,27200,27203,27205,27207,27209,27211,27213,27215,27218,27220,27222,27225,27227,27229,27232],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,27185,25448],{"class":207},[43,27187,212],{"class":211},[43,27189,1649],{"class":53},[43,27191,82],{"class":81},[43,27193,7992],{"class":85},[43,27195,82],{"class":81},[43,27197,325],{"class":53},[43,27199,932],{"class":81},[43,27201,27202],{"class":85},"Laptop",[43,27204,82],{"class":81},[43,27206,800],{"class":53},[43,27208,932],{"class":81},[43,27210,389],{"class":85},[43,27212,82],{"class":81},[43,27214,325],{"class":53},[43,27216,27217],{"class":63}," 1200",[43,27219,800],{"class":53},[43,27221,932],{"class":81},[43,27223,27224],{"class":85},"discount",[43,27226,82],{"class":81},[43,27228,325],{"class":53},[43,27230,27231],{"class":63}," 200",[43,27233,1667],{"class":53},[43,27235,27236],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,27237,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,27239,27240,27243,27245,27247,27249,27251,27253,27255,27257,27259,27261,27263],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,27241,27242],{"class":207},"discount_amount ",[43,27244,212],{"class":211},[43,27246,25525],{"class":207},[43,27248,315],{"class":53},[43,27250,26565],{"class":236},[43,27252,54],{"class":53},[43,27254,82],{"class":81},[43,27256,27224],{"class":85},[43,27258,82],{"class":81},[43,27260,800],{"class":53},[43,27262,4155],{"class":63},[43,27264,227],{"class":53},[43,27266,27267],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,27268,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,27270,27271,27274,27276,27278,27280,27282,27284,27286,27288,27290],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,27272,27273],{"class":207},"final_price ",[43,27275,212],{"class":211},[43,27277,25525],{"class":207},[43,27279,4221],{"class":53},[43,27281,82],{"class":81},[43,27283,389],{"class":85},[43,27285,82],{"class":81},[43,27287,13594],{"class":53},[43,27289,2564],{"class":211},[43,27291,27292],{"class":207}," discount_amount\n",[43,27294,27295],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,27296,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,27298,27299,27301,27303,27306,27308],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,27300,50],{"class":49},[43,27302,54],{"class":53},[43,27304,27305],{"class":236},"discount_amount",[43,27307,1221],{"class":53},[43,27309,27310],{"class":3984},"  # 200\n",[43,27312,27313,27315,27317,27320,27322],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,27314,50],{"class":49},[43,27316,54],{"class":53},[43,27318,27319],{"class":236},"final_price",[43,27321,1221],{"class":53},[43,27323,27324],{"class":3984},"      # 1000\n",[43,27326,27327,27329,27331,27334,27336],{"class":45,"line":6756},[43,27328,50],{"class":49},[43,27330,54],{"class":53},[43,27332,27333],{"class":236},"product",[43,27335,1221],{"class":53},[43,27337,27338],{"class":3984},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[14,27340,27341],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[29,27343,27345,10901,27347],{"id":27344},"pop-vs-del",[18,27346,13082],{},[18,27348,27349],{},"del",[14,27351,2004,27352,895,27354,27356],{},[18,27353,13082],{},[18,27355,27349],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[402,27358,133,27360,27362],{"id":27359},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[18,27361,13082],{}," when you need the removed value",[34,27364,27366],{"className":36,"code":27365,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,27367,27368,27404,27408,27430,27434,27447],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,27369,27370,27372,27374,27376,27378,27380,27382,27384,27386,27388,27390,27392,27394,27396,27398,27400,27402],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,27371,13525],{"class":207},[43,27373,212],{"class":211},[43,27375,1649],{"class":53},[43,27377,82],{"class":81},[43,27379,7992],{"class":85},[43,27381,82],{"class":81},[43,27383,325],{"class":53},[43,27385,932],{"class":81},[43,27387,13200],{"class":85},[43,27389,82],{"class":81},[43,27391,800],{"class":53},[43,27393,932],{"class":81},[43,27395,9615],{"class":85},[43,27397,82],{"class":81},[43,27399,325],{"class":53},[43,27401,9622],{"class":63},[43,27403,1667],{"class":53},[43,27405,27406],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,27407,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,27409,27410,27412,27414,27416,27418,27420,27422,27424,27426,27428],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,27411,21951],{"class":207},[43,27413,212],{"class":211},[43,27415,13568],{"class":207},[43,27417,315],{"class":53},[43,27419,26565],{"class":236},[43,27421,54],{"class":53},[43,27423,82],{"class":81},[43,27425,9615],{"class":85},[43,27427,82],{"class":81},[43,27429,227],{"class":53},[43,27431,27432],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,27433,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,27435,27436,27438,27440,27442,27444],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,27437,50],{"class":49},[43,27439,54],{"class":53},[43,27441,9615],{"class":236},[43,27443,1221],{"class":53},[43,27445,27446],{"class":3984},"     # 25\n",[43,27448,27449,27451,27453,27455,27457],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,27450,50],{"class":49},[43,27452,54],{"class":53},[43,27454,17630],{"class":236},[43,27456,1221],{"class":53},[43,27458,27459],{"class":3984},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[402,27461,133,27463,27465],{"id":27462},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[18,27464,27349],{}," when you only want deletion",[34,27467,27469],{"className":36,"code":27468,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,27470,27471,27507,27511,27527,27531],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,27472,27473,27475,27477,27479,27481,27483,27485,27487,27489,27491,27493,27495,27497,27499,27501,27503,27505],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,27474,13525],{"class":207},[43,27476,212],{"class":211},[43,27478,1649],{"class":53},[43,27480,82],{"class":81},[43,27482,7992],{"class":85},[43,27484,82],{"class":81},[43,27486,325],{"class":53},[43,27488,932],{"class":81},[43,27490,13200],{"class":85},[43,27492,82],{"class":81},[43,27494,800],{"class":53},[43,27496,932],{"class":81},[43,27498,9615],{"class":85},[43,27500,82],{"class":81},[43,27502,325],{"class":53},[43,27504,9622],{"class":63},[43,27506,1667],{"class":53},[43,27508,27509],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,27510,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,27512,27513,27515,27517,27519,27521,27523,27525],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,27514,27349],{"class":1927},[43,27516,13568],{"class":207},[43,27518,4221],{"class":53},[43,27520,82],{"class":81},[43,27522,9615],{"class":85},[43,27524,82],{"class":81},[43,27526,3955],{"class":53},[43,27528,27529],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,27530,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,27532,27533,27535,27537,27539,27541],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,27534,50],{"class":49},[43,27536,54],{"class":53},[43,27538,17630],{"class":236},[43,27540,1221],{"class":53},[43,27542,27459],{"class":3984},[14,27544,27545],{},"Difference:",[150,27547,27548,27553],{},[153,27549,27550,27552],{},[18,27551,13082],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[153,27554,27555,27557],{},[18,27556,27349],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[14,27559,27560,27561,315],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[189,27562,12893],{"href":12892},[29,27564,27566,27567],{"id":27565},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[18,27568,20010],{},[14,27570,27571],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[402,27573,27575],{"id":27574},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[34,27577,27579],{"className":36,"code":27578,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[18,27580,27581,27606,27610,27636,27640,27652],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,27582,27583,27585,27587,27589,27591,27593,27595,27597,27599,27602,27604],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,27584,12042],{"class":207},[43,27586,212],{"class":211},[43,27588,1649],{"class":53},[43,27590,82],{"class":81},[43,27592,7992],{"class":85},[43,27594,82],{"class":81},[43,27596,325],{"class":53},[43,27598,932],{"class":81},[43,27600,27601],{"class":85},"Sara",[43,27603,82],{"class":81},[43,27605,1667],{"class":53},[43,27607,27608],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,27609,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,27611,27612,27614,27616,27618,27620,27622,27624,27626,27628,27630,27632,27634],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,27613,1589],{"class":207},[43,27615,212],{"class":211},[43,27617,12084],{"class":207},[43,27619,315],{"class":53},[43,27621,26565],{"class":236},[43,27623,54],{"class":53},[43,27625,82],{"class":81},[43,27627,9615],{"class":85},[43,27629,82],{"class":81},[43,27631,800],{"class":53},[43,27633,4173],{"class":104},[43,27635,227],{"class":53},[43,27637,27638],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,27639,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,27641,27642,27644,27646,27648,27650],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,27643,50],{"class":49},[43,27645,54],{"class":53},[43,27647,307],{"class":236},[43,27649,1221],{"class":53},[43,27651,20884],{"class":3984},[43,27653,27654,27656,27658,27660,27662],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,27655,50],{"class":49},[43,27657,54],{"class":53},[43,27659,11766],{"class":236},[43,27661,1221],{"class":53},[43,27663,27664],{"class":3984}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[14,27666,27667],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[402,27669,27671],{"id":27670},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[34,27673,27675],{"className":36,"code":27674,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[18,27676,27677,27701,27705,27721,27744,27754,27761],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,27678,27679,27681,27683,27685,27687,27689,27691,27693,27695,27697,27699],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,27680,12042],{"class":207},[43,27682,212],{"class":211},[43,27684,1649],{"class":53},[43,27686,82],{"class":81},[43,27688,7992],{"class":85},[43,27690,82],{"class":81},[43,27692,325],{"class":53},[43,27694,932],{"class":81},[43,27696,27601],{"class":85},[43,27698,82],{"class":81},[43,27700,1667],{"class":53},[43,27702,27703],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,27704,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,27706,27707,27709,27711,27713,27715,27717,27719],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,27708,7323],{"class":1927},[43,27710,932],{"class":81},[43,27712,9615],{"class":85},[43,27714,82],{"class":81},[43,27716,21497],{"class":211},[43,27718,12084],{"class":207},[43,27720,1931],{"class":53},[43,27722,27723,27726,27728,27730,27732,27734,27736,27738,27740,27742],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,27724,27725],{"class":207},"    value ",[43,27727,212],{"class":211},[43,27729,12084],{"class":207},[43,27731,315],{"class":53},[43,27733,26565],{"class":236},[43,27735,54],{"class":53},[43,27737,82],{"class":81},[43,27739,9615],{"class":85},[43,27741,82],{"class":81},[43,27743,227],{"class":53},[43,27745,27746,27748,27750,27752],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,27747,1951],{"class":49},[43,27749,54],{"class":53},[43,27751,307],{"class":236},[43,27753,227],{"class":53},[43,27755,27756,27759],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,27757,27758],{"class":1927},"else",[43,27760,1931],{"class":53},[43,27762,27763,27765,27767,27769,27772,27774],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,27764,1951],{"class":49},[43,27766,54],{"class":53},[43,27768,82],{"class":81},[43,27770,27771],{"class":85},"Key not found",[43,27773,82],{"class":81},[43,27775,227],{"class":53},[402,27777,27779,27780,27782],{"id":27778},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[18,27781,11054],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[34,27784,27786],{"className":36,"code":27785,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[18,27787,27788,27812,27816,27842,27846,27858],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,27789,27790,27792,27794,27796,27798,27800,27802,27804,27806,27808,27810],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,27791,12042],{"class":207},[43,27793,212],{"class":211},[43,27795,1649],{"class":53},[43,27797,82],{"class":81},[43,27799,7992],{"class":85},[43,27801,82],{"class":81},[43,27803,325],{"class":53},[43,27805,932],{"class":81},[43,27807,27601],{"class":85},[43,27809,82],{"class":81},[43,27811,1667],{"class":53},[43,27813,27814],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,27815,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,27817,27818,27820,27822,27824,27826,27828,27830,27832,27834,27836,27838,27840],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,27819,1589],{"class":207},[43,27821,212],{"class":211},[43,27823,12084],{"class":207},[43,27825,315],{"class":53},[43,27827,20073],{"class":236},[43,27829,54],{"class":53},[43,27831,82],{"class":81},[43,27833,9615],{"class":85},[43,27835,82],{"class":81},[43,27837,800],{"class":53},[43,27839,4173],{"class":104},[43,27841,227],{"class":53},[43,27843,27844],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,27845,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,27847,27848,27850,27852,27854,27856],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,27849,50],{"class":49},[43,27851,54],{"class":53},[43,27853,307],{"class":236},[43,27855,1221],{"class":53},[43,27857,20884],{"class":3984},[43,27859,27860,27862,27864,27866,27868],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,27861,50],{"class":49},[43,27863,54],{"class":53},[43,27865,11766],{"class":236},[43,27867,1221],{"class":53},[43,27869,27664],{"class":3984},[14,27871,133,27872,27876,27877,315],{},[189,27873,27874],{"href":11050},[18,27875,27154],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[189,27878,11578],{"href":11389},[29,27880,4842],{"id":4841},[14,27882,27883,27884,315],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[18,27885,12888],{},[402,27887,26098,27889,27891],{"id":27888},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[18,27890,13082],{}," removes by position like a list",[14,27893,27894],{},"Lists use indexes:",[34,27896,27898],{"className":36,"code":27897,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[18,27899,27900,27920],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,27901,27902,27904,27906,27908,27910,27912,27914,27916,27918],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,27903,3937],{"class":207},[43,27905,212],{"class":211},[43,27907,3942],{"class":53},[43,27909,512],{"class":63},[43,27911,800],{"class":53},[43,27913,8115],{"class":63},[43,27915,800],{"class":53},[43,27917,8120],{"class":63},[43,27919,3955],{"class":53},[43,27921,27922,27924,27926,27928,27930,27932,27934,27936,27938],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,27923,50],{"class":49},[43,27925,54],{"class":53},[43,27927,3969],{"class":236},[43,27929,315],{"class":53},[43,27931,26565],{"class":236},[43,27933,54],{"class":53},[43,27935,797],{"class":63},[43,27937,5686],{"class":53},[43,27939,27940],{"class":3984},"  # 20\n",[14,27942,27943],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[34,27945,27947],{"className":36,"code":27946,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[18,27948,27949,27985],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,27950,27951,27953,27955,27957,27959,27961,27963,27965,27967,27969,27971,27973,27975,27977,27979,27981,27983],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,27952,13525],{"class":207},[43,27954,212],{"class":211},[43,27956,1649],{"class":53},[43,27958,82],{"class":81},[43,27960,7992],{"class":85},[43,27962,82],{"class":81},[43,27964,325],{"class":53},[43,27966,932],{"class":81},[43,27968,13200],{"class":85},[43,27970,82],{"class":81},[43,27972,800],{"class":53},[43,27974,932],{"class":81},[43,27976,9615],{"class":85},[43,27978,82],{"class":81},[43,27980,325],{"class":53},[43,27982,9622],{"class":63},[43,27984,1667],{"class":53},[43,27986,27987,27989,27991,27993,27995,27997,27999,28001,28003,28005,28007],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,27988,50],{"class":49},[43,27990,54],{"class":53},[43,27992,17630],{"class":236},[43,27994,315],{"class":53},[43,27996,26565],{"class":236},[43,27998,54],{"class":53},[43,28000,82],{"class":81},[43,28002,9615],{"class":85},[43,28004,82],{"class":81},[43,28006,5686],{"class":53},[43,28008,28009],{"class":3984},"  # 25\n",[14,28011,28012,28013,28015,28016,28018],{},"A dictionary does ",[913,28014,734],{}," use positions with ",[18,28017,13082],{},". It uses keys.",[402,28020,1572,28022,28024],{"id":28021},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[18,28023,13082],{}," changes the original dictionary",[34,28026,28028],{"className":36,"code":28027,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[18,28029,28030,28062,28066,28088,28092,28105],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,28031,28032,28034,28036,28038,28040,28042,28044,28046,28048,28050,28052,28054,28056,28058,28060],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,28033,9481],{"class":207},[43,28035,212],{"class":211},[43,28037,1649],{"class":53},[43,28039,82],{"class":81},[43,28041,2519],{"class":85},[43,28043,82],{"class":81},[43,28045,325],{"class":53},[43,28047,5823],{"class":63},[43,28049,800],{"class":53},[43,28051,932],{"class":81},[43,28053,12063],{"class":85},[43,28055,82],{"class":81},[43,28057,325],{"class":53},[43,28059,803],{"class":63},[43,28061,1667],{"class":53},[43,28063,28064],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,28065,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,28067,28068,28070,28072,28074,28076,28078,28080,28082,28084,28086],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,28069,1589],{"class":207},[43,28071,212],{"class":211},[43,28073,14888],{"class":207},[43,28075,315],{"class":53},[43,28077,26565],{"class":236},[43,28079,54],{"class":53},[43,28081,82],{"class":81},[43,28083,2519],{"class":85},[43,28085,82],{"class":81},[43,28087,227],{"class":53},[43,28089,28090],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,28091,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,28093,28094,28096,28098,28100,28102],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,28095,50],{"class":49},[43,28097,54],{"class":53},[43,28099,307],{"class":236},[43,28101,1221],{"class":53},[43,28103,28104],{"class":3984},"  # 1\n",[43,28106,28107,28109,28111,28113,28115],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,28108,50],{"class":49},[43,28110,54],{"class":53},[43,28112,9520],{"class":236},[43,28114,1221],{"class":53},[43,28116,28117],{"class":3984},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[14,28119,28120,28121,28123],{},"After ",[18,28122,13082],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[402,28125,8738,28127,28129],{"id":28126},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[18,28128,13082],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[34,28131,28133],{"className":36,"code":28132,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[18,28134,28135,28159,28163,28168],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,28136,28137,28139,28141,28143,28145,28147,28149,28151,28153,28155,28157],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,28138,9481],{"class":207},[43,28140,212],{"class":211},[43,28142,1649],{"class":53},[43,28144,82],{"class":81},[43,28146,7992],{"class":85},[43,28148,82],{"class":81},[43,28150,325],{"class":53},[43,28152,932],{"class":81},[43,28154,8247],{"class":85},[43,28156,82],{"class":81},[43,28158,1667],{"class":53},[43,28160,28161],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,28162,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,28164,28165],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,28166,28167],{"class":3984},"# This causes an error\n",[43,28169,28170],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,28171,28172],{"class":3984},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[14,28174,28175],{},"Safer version:",[34,28177,28179],{"className":36,"code":28178,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[18,28180,28181,28205,28209],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,28182,28183,28185,28187,28189,28191,28193,28195,28197,28199,28201,28203],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,28184,9481],{"class":207},[43,28186,212],{"class":211},[43,28188,1649],{"class":53},[43,28190,82],{"class":81},[43,28192,7992],{"class":85},[43,28194,82],{"class":81},[43,28196,325],{"class":53},[43,28198,932],{"class":81},[43,28200,8247],{"class":85},[43,28202,82],{"class":81},[43,28204,1667],{"class":53},[43,28206,28207],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,28208,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,28210,28211,28213,28215,28217,28219,28221,28223,28225,28227,28229,28231,28233,28235,28237,28239],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,28212,50],{"class":49},[43,28214,54],{"class":53},[43,28216,9520],{"class":236},[43,28218,315],{"class":53},[43,28220,26565],{"class":236},[43,28222,54],{"class":53},[43,28224,82],{"class":81},[43,28226,9615],{"class":85},[43,28228,82],{"class":81},[43,28230,800],{"class":53},[43,28232,932],{"class":81},[43,28234,27097],{"class":85},[43,28236,82],{"class":81},[43,28238,5686],{"class":53},[43,28240,27133],{"class":3984},[402,28242,8773,28244,28246],{"id":28243},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[18,28245,13082],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[34,28248,28250],{"className":36,"code":28249,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[18,28251,28252,28284,28288,28310,28314,28326],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,28253,28254,28256,28258,28260,28262,28264,28266,28268,28270,28272,28274,28276,28278,28280,28282],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,28255,9481],{"class":207},[43,28257,212],{"class":211},[43,28259,1649],{"class":53},[43,28261,82],{"class":81},[43,28263,189],{"class":85},[43,28265,82],{"class":81},[43,28267,325],{"class":53},[43,28269,5823],{"class":63},[43,28271,800],{"class":53},[43,28273,932],{"class":81},[43,28275,1231],{"class":85},[43,28277,82],{"class":81},[43,28279,325],{"class":53},[43,28281,803],{"class":63},[43,28283,1667],{"class":53},[43,28285,28286],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,28287,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,28289,28290,28292,28294,28296,28298,28300,28302,28304,28306,28308],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,28291,1282],{"class":207},[43,28293,212],{"class":211},[43,28295,14888],{"class":207},[43,28297,315],{"class":53},[43,28299,26565],{"class":236},[43,28301,54],{"class":53},[43,28303,82],{"class":81},[43,28305,189],{"class":85},[43,28307,82],{"class":81},[43,28309,227],{"class":53},[43,28311,28312],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,28313,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,28315,28316,28318,28320,28322,28324],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,28317,50],{"class":49},[43,28319,54],{"class":53},[43,28321,1306],{"class":236},[43,28323,1221],{"class":53},[43,28325,28104],{"class":3984},[43,28327,28328,28330,28332,28334,28336],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,28329,50],{"class":49},[43,28331,54],{"class":53},[43,28333,9520],{"class":236},[43,28335,1221],{"class":53},[43,28337,28338],{"class":3984},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[14,28340,28341],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[29,28343,28345],{"id":28344},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[14,28347,28348,28349,28351],{},"Problems with ",[18,28350,12888],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[150,28353,28354,28357,28366,28369],{},[153,28355,28356],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[153,28358,28359,28360,28363,28364],{},"Mixing up list ",[18,28361,28362],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[18,28365,26661],{},[153,28367,28368],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[153,28370,28371,28372,11407,28374],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[18,28373,797],{},[18,28375,28376],{},"\"1\"",[14,28378,28379],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[34,28381,28383],{"className":36,"code":28382,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[18,28384,28385,28409,28413,28443],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,28386,28387,28389,28391,28393,28395,28397,28399,28401,28403,28405,28407],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,28388,9481],{"class":207},[43,28390,212],{"class":211},[43,28392,1649],{"class":53},[43,28394,82],{"class":81},[43,28396,797],{"class":85},[43,28398,82],{"class":81},[43,28400,325],{"class":53},[43,28402,932],{"class":81},[43,28404,6910],{"class":85},[43,28406,82],{"class":81},[43,28408,1667],{"class":53},[43,28410,28411],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,28412,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,28414,28415,28417,28419,28421,28423,28425,28427,28429,28431,28433,28436,28438,28440],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,28416,50],{"class":49},[43,28418,54],{"class":53},[43,28420,9520],{"class":236},[43,28422,315],{"class":53},[43,28424,26565],{"class":236},[43,28426,54],{"class":53},[43,28428,797],{"class":63},[43,28430,800],{"class":53},[43,28432,932],{"class":81},[43,28434,28435],{"class":85},"not found",[43,28437,82],{"class":81},[43,28439,5686],{"class":53},[43,28441,28442],{"class":3984},"    # not found\n",[43,28444,28445,28447,28449,28451,28453,28455,28457,28459,28461,28463,28465,28467,28469,28471,28473],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,28446,50],{"class":49},[43,28448,54],{"class":53},[43,28450,9520],{"class":236},[43,28452,315],{"class":53},[43,28454,26565],{"class":236},[43,28456,54],{"class":53},[43,28458,82],{"class":81},[43,28460,797],{"class":85},[43,28462,82],{"class":81},[43,28464,800],{"class":53},[43,28466,932],{"class":81},[43,28468,28435],{"class":85},[43,28470,82],{"class":81},[43,28472,5686],{"class":53},[43,28474,28475],{"class":3984},"  # one\n",[14,28477,28478,895,28480,28482],{},[18,28479,797],{},[18,28481,28376],{}," are different keys.",[29,28484,9191],{"id":9190},[14,28486,9194,28487,28489],{},[18,28488,13082],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[34,28491,28493],{"className":36,"code":28492,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[18,28494,28495,28505,28519,28537,28567],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,28496,28497,28499,28501,28503],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,28498,50],{"class":49},[43,28500,54],{"class":53},[43,28502,11766],{"class":236},[43,28504,227],{"class":53},[43,28506,28507,28509,28511,28513,28515,28517],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,28508,50],{"class":49},[43,28510,54],{"class":53},[43,28512,11766],{"class":236},[43,28514,315],{"class":53},[43,28516,17246],{"class":236},[43,28518,341],{"class":53},[43,28520,28521,28523,28525,28527,28529,28531,28533,28535],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,28522,50],{"class":49},[43,28524,54],{"class":53},[43,28526,283],{"class":81},[43,28528,7992],{"class":85},[43,28530,283],{"class":81},[43,28532,21497],{"class":1927},[43,28534,12084],{"class":236},[43,28536,227],{"class":53},[43,28538,28539,28541,28543,28545,28547,28549,28551,28553,28555,28557,28559,28561,28563,28565],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,28540,50],{"class":49},[43,28542,54],{"class":53},[43,28544,11766],{"class":236},[43,28546,315],{"class":53},[43,28548,26565],{"class":236},[43,28550,54],{"class":53},[43,28552,283],{"class":81},[43,28554,7992],{"class":85},[43,28556,283],{"class":81},[43,28558,800],{"class":53},[43,28560,278],{"class":81},[43,28562,27097],{"class":85},[43,28564,283],{"class":81},[43,28566,67],{"class":53},[43,28568,28569,28571,28573,28575,28577,28579],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,28570,50],{"class":49},[43,28572,54],{"class":53},[43,28574,248],{"class":57},[43,28576,54],{"class":53},[43,28578,11766],{"class":236},[43,28580,67],{"class":53},[14,28582,21660],{},[150,28584,28585,28590,28595,28600,28606],{},[153,28586,28587,28589],{},[18,28588,12998],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[153,28591,28592,28594],{},[18,28593,21672],{}," shows all available keys",[153,28596,28597,28599],{},[18,28598,21678],{}," checks whether a key exists",[153,28601,28602,28605],{},[18,28603,28604],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[153,28607,28608,28610],{},[18,28609,13004],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[14,28612,28613,28614,315],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[189,28615,9707],{"href":9706},[29,28617,2162],{"id":2161},[402,28619,28621,28622,28624],{"id":28620},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[18,28623,13082],{}," return the key or the value?",[14,28626,28627],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[402,28629,28631],{"id":28630},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[14,28633,28634,26862,28636,28638,28639,28641],{},[18,28635,26661],{},[18,28637,20010],{},". ",[18,28640,26665],{}," returns the default value instead.",[402,28643,13023,28645,15218],{"id":28644},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,28646,13082],{},[14,28648,28649],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[402,28651,28653,28654,28656],{"id":28652},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[18,28655,13082],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[14,28658,28659,28660,28662,28663,315],{},"Not with ",[18,28661,12888],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[189,28664,28665],{"href":12899},[18,28666,13089],{},[402,28668,5503,28670,895,28672,2822],{"id":28669},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[18,28671,11054],{},[18,28673,13082],{},[14,28675,28676,28678,28679,28681],{},[18,28677,11054],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[18,28680,13082],{}," reads and removes it.",[29,28683,2229],{"id":2228},[150,28685,28686,28692,28699,28703,28707,28711],{},[153,28687,28688],{},[189,28689,28690],{"href":11050},[18,28691,19991],{},[153,28693,28694],{},[189,28695,28696],{"href":12899},[18,28697,28698],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[153,28700,28701],{},[189,28702,13106],{"href":12892},[153,28704,28705],{},[189,28706,21780],{"href":16919},[153,28708,28709],{},[189,28710,11578],{"href":11389},[153,28712,28713],{},[189,28714,28716],{"href":28715},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2262,28718,28719],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":28721},[28722,28723,28725,28726,28727,28729,28736,28743,28753,28754,28755,28766],{"id":3926,"depth":70,"text":3927},{"id":26672,"depth":70,"text":28724},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":902,"depth":70,"text":903},{"id":27157,"depth":70,"text":28728},"When to use pop()",{"id":27344,"depth":70,"text":28730,"children":28731},"pop() vs del",[28732,28734],{"id":27359,"depth":93,"text":28733},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27462,"depth":93,"text":28735},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27565,"depth":70,"text":28737,"children":28738},"How to avoid KeyError",[28739,28740,28741],{"id":27574,"depth":93,"text":27575},{"id":27670,"depth":93,"text":27671},{"id":27778,"depth":93,"text":28742},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4841,"depth":70,"text":4842,"children":28744},[28745,28747,28749,28751],{"id":27888,"depth":93,"text":28746},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":28021,"depth":93,"text":28748},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":28126,"depth":93,"text":28750},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28243,"depth":93,"text":28752},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28344,"depth":70,"text":28345},{"id":9190,"depth":70,"text":9191},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":28756},[28757,28759,28760,28762,28764],{"id":28620,"depth":93,"text":28758},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28630,"depth":93,"text":28631},{"id":28644,"depth":93,"text":28761},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28652,"depth":93,"text":28763},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28669,"depth":93,"text":28765},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26493,"description":28767},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28774,"title":28698,"body":28775,"description":30710,"extension":2312,"meta":30711,"navigation":958,"path":30712,"seo":30713,"stem":30714,"__hash__":30715},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28776,"toc":30674},[28777,28782,28787,28790,28798,28808,28810,28899,28903,28952,28957,28962,28966,28982,28985,28987,29002,29004,29020,29027,29031,29037,29046,29048,29117,29121,29142,29145,29164,29167,29190,29192,29195,29310,29314,29373,29380,29384,29389,29514,29518,29568,29571,29575,29582,29584,29647,29651,29672,29675,29684,29699,29707,29714,29718,29730,29734,29745,29747,29893,29897,29956,29963,29968,29972,29978,30001,30005,30023,30027,30098,30105,30176,30185,30190,30195,30206,30209,30346,30351,30383,30388,30390,30394,30454,30457,30514,30517,30560,30562,30567,30573,30579,30582,30589,30597,30602,30605,30612,30620,30622,30671],[10,28778,11634,28780,11638],{"id":28779},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[18,28781,13089],{},[14,28783,1073,28784,28786],{},[18,28785,13089],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[14,28788,28789],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[150,28791,28792,28795],{},[153,28793,28794],{},"remove an item",[153,28796,28797],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[14,28799,28800,28801,28803,28804,28807],{},"In modern Python, ",[18,28802,13089],{}," removes the ",[913,28805,28806],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[29,28809,32],{"id":31},[34,28811,28813],{"className":36,"code":28812,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[18,28814,28815,28859,28875,28879,28889],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,28816,28817,28819,28821,28823,28825,28827,28829,28831,28833,28835,28837,28839,28841,28843,28845,28847,28849,28851,28853,28855,28857],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,28818,9481],{"class":207},[43,28820,212],{"class":211},[43,28822,1649],{"class":53},[43,28824,82],{"class":81},[43,28826,189],{"class":85},[43,28828,82],{"class":81},[43,28830,325],{"class":53},[43,28832,5823],{"class":63},[43,28834,800],{"class":53},[43,28836,932],{"class":81},[43,28838,1231],{"class":85},[43,28840,82],{"class":81},[43,28842,325],{"class":53},[43,28844,803],{"class":63},[43,28846,800],{"class":53},[43,28848,932],{"class":81},[43,28850,10055],{"class":85},[43,28852,82],{"class":81},[43,28854,325],{"class":53},[43,28856,808],{"class":63},[43,28858,1667],{"class":53},[43,28860,28861,28864,28866,28868,28870,28873],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,28862,28863],{"class":207},"item ",[43,28865,212],{"class":211},[43,28867,14888],{"class":207},[43,28869,315],{"class":53},[43,28871,28872],{"class":236},"popitem",[43,28874,1728],{"class":53},[43,28876,28877],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,28878,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,28880,28881,28883,28885,28887],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,28882,50],{"class":49},[43,28884,54],{"class":53},[43,28886,23634],{"class":236},[43,28888,227],{"class":53},[43,28890,28891,28893,28895,28897],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,28892,50],{"class":49},[43,28894,54],{"class":53},[43,28896,9520],{"class":236},[43,28898,227],{"class":53},[14,28900,28901],{},[913,28902,110],{},[34,28904,28906],{"className":36,"code":28905,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,28907,28908,28924],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,28909,28910,28912,28914,28916,28918,28920,28922],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,28911,54],{"class":53},[43,28913,283],{"class":81},[43,28915,10055],{"class":85},[43,28917,283],{"class":81},[43,28919,800],{"class":53},[43,28921,808],{"class":63},[43,28923,227],{"class":53},[43,28925,28926,28928,28930,28932,28934,28936,28938,28940,28942,28944,28946,28948,28950],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,28927,9594],{"class":53},[43,28929,283],{"class":81},[43,28931,189],{"class":85},[43,28933,283],{"class":81},[43,28935,325],{"class":53},[43,28937,5823],{"class":63},[43,28939,800],{"class":53},[43,28941,278],{"class":81},[43,28943,1231],{"class":85},[43,28945,283],{"class":81},[43,28947,325],{"class":53},[43,28949,803],{"class":63},[43,28951,1667],{"class":53},[14,28953,28954,28956],{},[18,28955,13089],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[29,28958,3998,28960,4001],{"id":28959},"what-popitem-does",[18,28961,13089],{},[14,28963,28964,325],{},[18,28965,13089],{},[150,28967,28968,28971,28976,28979],{},[153,28969,28970],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[153,28972,28973,28974],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[18,28975,21978],{},[153,28977,28978],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[153,28980,28981],{},"changes the original dictionary",[14,28983,28984],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[29,28986,290],{"id":289},[34,28988,28990],{"className":36,"code":28989,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[18,28991,28992],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,28993,28994,28996,28998,29000],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,28995,15926],{"class":207},[43,28997,315],{"class":53},[43,28999,28872],{"class":236},[43,29001,1728],{"class":53},[14,29003,11775],{},[150,29005,29006,29014,29017],{},[153,29007,29008,29010,29011],{},[18,29009,13089],{}," takes ",[913,29012,29013],{},"no arguments",[153,29015,29016],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[153,29018,29019],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[14,29021,29022,29023,6956],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[189,29024,29025],{"href":12885},[18,29026,13082],{},[29,29028,29030],{"id":29029},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[14,29032,29033,29034,29036],{},"The value returned by ",[18,29035,13089],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[29038,29039,29040,29043],"ol",{},[153,29041,29042],{},"the key",[153,29044,29045],{},"the value",[14,29047,197],{},[34,29049,29051],{"className":36,"code":29050,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,29052,29053,29089,29103,29107],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,29054,29055,29057,29059,29061,29063,29065,29067,29069,29071,29073,29075,29077,29079,29081,29083,29085,29087],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,29056,13525],{"class":207},[43,29058,212],{"class":211},[43,29060,1649],{"class":53},[43,29062,82],{"class":81},[43,29064,7992],{"class":85},[43,29066,82],{"class":81},[43,29068,325],{"class":53},[43,29070,932],{"class":81},[43,29072,5327],{"class":85},[43,29074,82],{"class":81},[43,29076,800],{"class":53},[43,29078,932],{"class":81},[43,29080,9615],{"class":85},[43,29082,82],{"class":81},[43,29084,325],{"class":53},[43,29086,9622],{"class":63},[43,29088,1667],{"class":53},[43,29090,29091,29093,29095,29097,29099,29101],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,29092,1282],{"class":207},[43,29094,212],{"class":211},[43,29096,13568],{"class":207},[43,29098,315],{"class":53},[43,29100,28872],{"class":236},[43,29102,1728],{"class":53},[43,29104,29105],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,29106,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,29108,29109,29111,29113,29115],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,29110,50],{"class":49},[43,29112,54],{"class":53},[43,29114,1306],{"class":236},[43,29116,227],{"class":53},[14,29118,29119],{},[913,29120,110],{},[34,29122,29124],{"className":36,"code":29123,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"('age', 25)\n",[18,29125,29126],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,29127,29128,29130,29132,29134,29136,29138,29140],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,29129,54],{"class":53},[43,29131,283],{"class":81},[43,29133,9615],{"class":85},[43,29135,283],{"class":81},[43,29137,800],{"class":53},[43,29139,9622],{"class":63},[43,29141,227],{"class":53},[14,29143,29144],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[34,29146,29148],{"className":36,"code":29147,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"result = person.popitem()\n",[18,29149,29150],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,29151,29152,29154,29156,29158,29160,29162],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,29153,1282],{"class":207},[43,29155,212],{"class":211},[43,29157,13568],{"class":207},[43,29159,315],{"class":53},[43,29161,28872],{"class":236},[43,29163,1728],{"class":53},[14,29165,29166],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[34,29168,29170],{"className":36,"code":29169,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[18,29171,29172],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,29173,29174,29176,29178,29180,29182,29184,29186,29188],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,29175,15163],{"class":207},[43,29177,800],{"class":53},[43,29179,21907],{"class":207},[43,29181,212],{"class":211},[43,29183,13568],{"class":207},[43,29185,315],{"class":53},[43,29187,28872],{"class":236},[43,29189,1728],{"class":53},[29,29191,11792],{"id":11791},[14,29193,29194],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[34,29196,29198],{"className":36,"code":29197,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[18,29199,29200,29248,29252,29267,29271,29291],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,29201,29202,29204,29206,29208,29210,29213,29215,29217,29219,29221,29223,29225,29227,29229,29232,29234,29236,29239,29241,29243,29246],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,29203,5387],{"class":207},[43,29205,212],{"class":211},[43,29207,1649],{"class":53},[43,29209,82],{"class":81},[43,29211,29212],{"class":85},"Tom",[43,29214,82],{"class":81},[43,29216,325],{"class":53},[43,29218,5399],{"class":63},[43,29220,800],{"class":53},[43,29222,932],{"class":81},[43,29224,13200],{"class":85},[43,29226,82],{"class":81},[43,29228,325],{"class":53},[43,29230,29231],{"class":63}," 95",[43,29233,800],{"class":53},[43,29235,932],{"class":81},[43,29237,29238],{"class":85},"Leo",[43,29240,82],{"class":81},[43,29242,325],{"class":53},[43,29244,29245],{"class":63}," 88",[43,29247,1667],{"class":53},[43,29249,29250],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,29251,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,29253,29254,29257,29259,29261,29263,29265],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,29255,29256],{"class":207},"removed_pair ",[43,29258,212],{"class":211},[43,29260,5434],{"class":207},[43,29262,315],{"class":53},[43,29264,28872],{"class":236},[43,29266,1728],{"class":53},[43,29268,29269],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,29270,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,29272,29273,29275,29277,29279,29282,29284,29286,29289],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,29274,50],{"class":49},[43,29276,54],{"class":53},[43,29278,82],{"class":81},[43,29280,29281],{"class":85},"Removed:",[43,29283,82],{"class":81},[43,29285,800],{"class":53},[43,29287,29288],{"class":236}," removed_pair",[43,29290,227],{"class":53},[43,29292,29293,29295,29297,29299,29302,29304,29306,29308],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,29294,50],{"class":49},[43,29296,54],{"class":53},[43,29298,82],{"class":81},[43,29300,29301],{"class":85},"After removal:",[43,29303,82],{"class":81},[43,29305,800],{"class":53},[43,29307,5434],{"class":236},[43,29309,227],{"class":53},[14,29311,29312],{},[913,29313,110],{},[34,29315,29317],{"className":36,"code":29316,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[18,29318,29319,29340],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,29320,29321,29324,29326,29328,29330,29332,29334,29336,29338],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,29322,29323],{"class":207},"Removed",[43,29325,325],{"class":53},[43,29327,9552],{"class":53},[43,29329,283],{"class":81},[43,29331,29238],{"class":85},[43,29333,283],{"class":81},[43,29335,800],{"class":53},[43,29337,29245],{"class":63},[43,29339,227],{"class":53},[43,29341,29342,29345,29347,29349,29351,29353,29355,29357,29359,29361,29363,29365,29367,29369,29371],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,29343,29344],{"class":207},"After removal",[43,29346,325],{"class":53},[43,29348,1649],{"class":53},[43,29350,283],{"class":81},[43,29352,29212],{"class":85},[43,29354,283],{"class":81},[43,29356,325],{"class":53},[43,29358,5399],{"class":63},[43,29360,800],{"class":53},[43,29362,278],{"class":81},[43,29364,13200],{"class":85},[43,29366,283],{"class":81},[43,29368,325],{"class":53},[43,29370,29231],{"class":63},[43,29372,1667],{"class":53},[14,29374,29375,29376,29379],{},"The last inserted item was ",[18,29377,29378],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[29,29381,29383],{"id":29382},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[14,29385,2194,29386,29388],{},[18,29387,13089],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[34,29390,29392],{"className":36,"code":29391,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[18,29393,29394,29430,29434,29453,29457,29476,29495],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,29395,29396,29398,29400,29402,29404,29406,29408,29410,29412,29414,29416,29418,29420,29422,29424,29426,29428],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,29397,15769],{"class":207},[43,29399,212],{"class":211},[43,29401,1649],{"class":53},[43,29403,82],{"class":81},[43,29405,15780],{"class":85},[43,29407,82],{"class":81},[43,29409,325],{"class":53},[43,29411,932],{"class":81},[43,29413,15789],{"class":85},[43,29415,82],{"class":81},[43,29417,800],{"class":53},[43,29419,932],{"class":81},[43,29421,15800],{"class":85},[43,29423,82],{"class":81},[43,29425,325],{"class":53},[43,29427,27231],{"class":63},[43,29429,1667],{"class":53},[43,29431,29432],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,29433,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,29435,29436,29438,29440,29442,29444,29447,29449,29451],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,29437,15163],{"class":207},[43,29439,800],{"class":53},[43,29441,21907],{"class":207},[43,29443,212],{"class":211},[43,29445,29446],{"class":207}," book",[43,29448,315],{"class":53},[43,29450,28872],{"class":236},[43,29452,1728],{"class":53},[43,29454,29455],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,29456,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,29458,29459,29461,29463,29465,29468,29470,29472,29474],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,29460,50],{"class":49},[43,29462,54],{"class":53},[43,29464,82],{"class":81},[43,29466,29467],{"class":85},"Key:",[43,29469,82],{"class":81},[43,29471,800],{"class":53},[43,29473,21902],{"class":236},[43,29475,227],{"class":53},[43,29477,29478,29480,29482,29484,29487,29489,29491,29493],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,29479,50],{"class":49},[43,29481,54],{"class":53},[43,29483,82],{"class":81},[43,29485,29486],{"class":85},"Value:",[43,29488,82],{"class":81},[43,29490,800],{"class":53},[43,29492,1720],{"class":236},[43,29494,227],{"class":53},[43,29496,29497,29499,29501,29503,29506,29508,29510,29512],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,29498,50],{"class":49},[43,29500,54],{"class":53},[43,29502,82],{"class":81},[43,29504,29505],{"class":85},"Dictionary:",[43,29507,82],{"class":81},[43,29509,800],{"class":53},[43,29511,29446],{"class":236},[43,29513,227],{"class":53},[14,29515,29516],{},[913,29517,110],{},[34,29519,29521],{"className":36,"code":29520,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[18,29522,29523,29533,29543],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,29524,29525,29528,29530],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,29526,29527],{"class":207},"Key",[43,29529,325],{"class":53},[43,29531,29532],{"class":207}," pages\n",[43,29534,29535,29538,29540],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,29536,29537],{"class":207},"Value",[43,29539,325],{"class":53},[43,29541,29542],{"class":63}," 200\n",[43,29544,29545,29548,29550,29552,29554,29556,29558,29560,29562,29564,29566],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,29546,29547],{"class":207},"Dictionary",[43,29549,325],{"class":53},[43,29551,1649],{"class":53},[43,29553,283],{"class":81},[43,29555,15780],{"class":85},[43,29557,283],{"class":81},[43,29559,325],{"class":53},[43,29561,278],{"class":81},[43,29563,15789],{"class":85},[43,29565,283],{"class":81},[43,29567,1667],{"class":53},[14,29569,29570],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[29,29572,29574],{"id":29573},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[14,29576,29577,29578,28803,29580,315],{},"In current Python versions, ",[18,29579,13089],{},[913,29581,28806],{},[14,29583,197],{},[34,29585,29587],{"className":36,"code":29586,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[18,29588,29589,29633],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,29590,29591,29593,29595,29597,29599,29601,29603,29605,29607,29609,29611,29613,29615,29617,29619,29621,29623,29625,29627,29629,29631],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,29592,9481],{"class":207},[43,29594,212],{"class":211},[43,29596,1649],{"class":53},[43,29598,82],{"class":81},[43,29600,2519],{"class":85},[43,29602,82],{"class":81},[43,29604,325],{"class":53},[43,29606,5823],{"class":63},[43,29608,800],{"class":53},[43,29610,932],{"class":81},[43,29612,12063],{"class":85},[43,29614,82],{"class":81},[43,29616,325],{"class":53},[43,29618,803],{"class":63},[43,29620,800],{"class":53},[43,29622,932],{"class":81},[43,29624,22400],{"class":85},[43,29626,82],{"class":81},[43,29628,325],{"class":53},[43,29630,808],{"class":63},[43,29632,1667],{"class":53},[43,29634,29635,29637,29639,29641,29643,29645],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,29636,50],{"class":49},[43,29638,54],{"class":53},[43,29640,9520],{"class":236},[43,29642,315],{"class":53},[43,29644,28872],{"class":236},[43,29646,341],{"class":53},[14,29648,29649],{},[913,29650,110],{},[34,29652,29654],{"className":36,"code":29653,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"('z', 3)\n",[18,29655,29656],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,29657,29658,29660,29662,29664,29666,29668,29670],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,29659,54],{"class":53},[43,29661,283],{"class":81},[43,29663,22400],{"class":85},[43,29665,283],{"class":81},[43,29667,800],{"class":53},[43,29669,808],{"class":63},[43,29671,227],{"class":53},[14,29673,29674],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[14,29676,29677,29678,29680,29681,29683],{},"As a beginner, do ",[913,29679,734],{}," think of ",[18,29682,13089],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[14,29685,29686,29687,2534,29691,17395,29695,315],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[189,29688,29689],{"href":17398},[18,29690,17401],{},[189,29692,29693],{"href":17385},[18,29694,17388],{},[189,29696,29697],{"href":17391},[18,29698,17394],{},[29,29700,29702,29703,895,29705],{"id":29701},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[18,29704,13089],{},[18,29706,13082],{},[14,29708,29709,895,29711,29713],{},[18,29710,13089],{},[18,29712,13082],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[402,29715,29716],{"id":28872},[18,29717,13089],{},[150,29719,29720,29723,29726],{},[153,29721,29722],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[153,29724,29725],{},"does not need a key argument",[153,29727,4013,29728],{},[18,29729,21978],{},[402,29731,29732],{"id":26565},[18,29733,13082],{},[150,29735,29736,29739,29742],{},[153,29737,29738],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[153,29740,29741],{},"needs the key name",[153,29743,29744],{},"returns only the value",[14,29746,197],{},[34,29748,29750],{"className":36,"code":29749,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,29751,29752,29796,29800,29814,29834,29838,29860,29879,29883],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,29753,29754,29756,29758,29760,29762,29764,29766,29768,29770,29772,29774,29776,29778,29780,29782,29784,29786,29788,29790,29792,29794],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,29755,9481],{"class":207},[43,29757,212],{"class":211},[43,29759,1649],{"class":53},[43,29761,82],{"class":81},[43,29763,189],{"class":85},[43,29765,82],{"class":81},[43,29767,325],{"class":53},[43,29769,5823],{"class":63},[43,29771,800],{"class":53},[43,29773,932],{"class":81},[43,29775,1231],{"class":85},[43,29777,82],{"class":81},[43,29779,325],{"class":53},[43,29781,803],{"class":63},[43,29783,800],{"class":53},[43,29785,932],{"class":81},[43,29787,10055],{"class":85},[43,29789,82],{"class":81},[43,29791,325],{"class":53},[43,29793,808],{"class":63},[43,29795,1667],{"class":53},[43,29797,29798],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,29799,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,29801,29802,29804,29806,29808,29810,29812],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,29803,28863],{"class":207},[43,29805,212],{"class":211},[43,29807,14888],{"class":207},[43,29809,315],{"class":53},[43,29811,28872],{"class":236},[43,29813,1728],{"class":53},[43,29815,29816,29818,29820,29822,29825,29827,29829,29832],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,29817,50],{"class":49},[43,29819,54],{"class":53},[43,29821,82],{"class":81},[43,29823,29824],{"class":85},"popitem():",[43,29826,82],{"class":81},[43,29828,800],{"class":53},[43,29830,29831],{"class":236}," item",[43,29833,227],{"class":53},[43,29835,29836],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,29837,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,29839,29840,29842,29844,29846,29848,29850,29852,29854,29856,29858],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,29841,1589],{"class":207},[43,29843,212],{"class":211},[43,29845,14888],{"class":207},[43,29847,315],{"class":53},[43,29849,26565],{"class":236},[43,29851,54],{"class":53},[43,29853,82],{"class":81},[43,29855,189],{"class":85},[43,29857,82],{"class":81},[43,29859,227],{"class":53},[43,29861,29862,29864,29866,29868,29871,29873,29875,29877],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,29863,50],{"class":49},[43,29865,54],{"class":53},[43,29867,82],{"class":81},[43,29869,29870],{"class":85},"pop('a'):",[43,29872,82],{"class":81},[43,29874,800],{"class":53},[43,29876,1720],{"class":236},[43,29878,227],{"class":53},[43,29880,29881],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,29882,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,29884,29885,29887,29889,29891],{"class":45,"line":6756},[43,29886,50],{"class":49},[43,29888,54],{"class":53},[43,29890,9520],{"class":236},[43,29892,227],{"class":53},[14,29894,29895],{},[913,29896,110],{},[34,29898,29900],{"className":36,"code":29899,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[18,29901,29902,29923,29940],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,29903,29904,29906,29909,29911,29913,29915,29917,29919,29921],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,29905,28872],{"class":236},[43,29907,29908],{"class":53},"():",[43,29910,9552],{"class":53},[43,29912,283],{"class":81},[43,29914,10055],{"class":85},[43,29916,283],{"class":81},[43,29918,800],{"class":53},[43,29920,808],{"class":63},[43,29922,227],{"class":53},[43,29924,29925,29927,29929,29931,29933,29935,29937],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,29926,26565],{"class":236},[43,29928,54],{"class":53},[43,29930,283],{"class":81},[43,29932,189],{"class":85},[43,29934,283],{"class":81},[43,29936,16774],{"class":53},[43,29938,29939],{"class":63}," 1\n",[43,29941,29942,29944,29946,29948,29950,29952,29954],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,29943,9594],{"class":53},[43,29945,283],{"class":81},[43,29947,1231],{"class":85},[43,29949,283],{"class":81},[43,29951,325],{"class":53},[43,29953,803],{"class":63},[43,29955,1667],{"class":53},[14,29957,133,29958,29962],{},[189,29959,29960],{"href":12885},[18,29961,13082],{}," when you know the key.",[14,29964,133,29965,29967],{},[18,29966,13089],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[29,29969,29971],{"id":29970},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[14,29973,29974,29975,29977],{},"Calling ",[18,29976,13089],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[34,29979,29981],{"className":36,"code":29980,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[18,29982,29983,29991],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,29984,29985,29987,29989],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,29986,9481],{"class":207},[43,29988,212],{"class":211},[43,29990,10154],{"class":53},[43,29992,29993,29995,29997,29999],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,29994,9520],{"class":207},[43,29996,315],{"class":53},[43,29998,28872],{"class":236},[43,30000,1728],{"class":53},[14,30002,30003],{},[913,30004,717],{},[34,30006,30008],{"className":36,"code":30007,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[18,30009,30010],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,30011,30012,30014,30016,30018,30021],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,30013,20010],{"class":57},[43,30015,325],{"class":53},[43,30017,278],{"class":81},[43,30019,30020],{"class":85},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[43,30022,748],{"class":81},[402,30024,30026],{"id":30025},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[34,30028,30030],{"className":36,"code":30029,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[18,30031,30032,30040,30044,30052,30067,30077,30083],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,30033,30034,30036,30038],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,30035,9481],{"class":207},[43,30037,212],{"class":211},[43,30039,10154],{"class":53},[43,30041,30042],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,30043,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,30045,30046,30048,30050],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,30047,7323],{"class":1927},[43,30049,14888],{"class":207},[43,30051,1931],{"class":53},[43,30053,30054,30057,30059,30061,30063,30065],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,30055,30056],{"class":207},"    item ",[43,30058,212],{"class":211},[43,30060,14888],{"class":207},[43,30062,315],{"class":53},[43,30064,28872],{"class":236},[43,30066,1728],{"class":53},[43,30068,30069,30071,30073,30075],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,30070,1951],{"class":49},[43,30072,54],{"class":53},[43,30074,23634],{"class":236},[43,30076,227],{"class":53},[43,30078,30079,30081],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,30080,27758],{"class":1927},[43,30082,1931],{"class":53},[43,30084,30085,30087,30089,30091,30094,30096],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,30086,1951],{"class":49},[43,30088,54],{"class":53},[43,30090,82],{"class":81},[43,30092,30093],{"class":85},"Dictionary is empty",[43,30095,82],{"class":81},[43,30097,227],{"class":53},[402,30099,30101,30102],{"id":30100},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[18,30103,30104],{},"try-except",[34,30106,30108],{"className":36,"code":30107,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[18,30109,30110,30118,30122,30128,30142,30152,30161],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,30111,30112,30114,30116],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,30113,9481],{"class":207},[43,30115,212],{"class":211},[43,30117,10154],{"class":53},[43,30119,30120],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,30121,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,30123,30124,30126],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,30125,1928],{"class":1927},[43,30127,1931],{"class":53},[43,30129,30130,30132,30134,30136,30138,30140],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,30131,30056],{"class":207},[43,30133,212],{"class":211},[43,30135,14888],{"class":207},[43,30137,315],{"class":53},[43,30139,28872],{"class":236},[43,30141,1728],{"class":53},[43,30143,30144,30146,30148,30150],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,30145,1951],{"class":49},[43,30147,54],{"class":53},[43,30149,23634],{"class":236},[43,30151,227],{"class":53},[43,30153,30154,30156,30159],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,30155,1972],{"class":1927},[43,30157,30158],{"class":57}," KeyError",[43,30160,1931],{"class":53},[43,30162,30163,30165,30167,30169,30172,30174],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,30164,1951],{"class":49},[43,30166,54],{"class":53},[43,30168,82],{"class":81},[43,30170,30171],{"class":85},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[43,30173,82],{"class":81},[43,30175,227],{"class":53},[14,30177,30178,30179,315],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[189,30180,26003,30182],{"href":30181},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[18,30183,30184],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[29,30186,5284,30188],{"id":30187},"when-to-use-popitem",[18,30189,13089],{},[14,30191,30192,30194],{},[18,30193,13089],{}," is useful when:",[150,30196,30197,30200,30203],{},[153,30198,30199],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[153,30201,30202],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[153,30204,30205],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[14,30207,30208],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[34,30210,30212],{"className":36,"code":30211,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[18,30213,30214,30223,30243,30263,30281,30285,30289,30299,30318],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,30215,30216,30219,30221],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,30217,30218],{"class":207},"tasks ",[43,30220,212],{"class":211},[43,30222,11810],{"class":53},[43,30224,30225,30227,30230,30232,30234,30236,30239,30241],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,30226,11815],{"class":81},[43,30228,30229],{"class":85},"first",[43,30231,82],{"class":81},[43,30233,325],{"class":53},[43,30235,932],{"class":81},[43,30237,30238],{"class":85},"wash dishes",[43,30240,82],{"class":81},[43,30242,11831],{"class":53},[43,30244,30245,30247,30250,30252,30254,30256,30259,30261],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,30246,11815],{"class":81},[43,30248,30249],{"class":85},"second",[43,30251,82],{"class":81},[43,30253,325],{"class":53},[43,30255,932],{"class":81},[43,30257,30258],{"class":85},"do homework",[43,30260,82],{"class":81},[43,30262,11831],{"class":53},[43,30264,30265,30267,30270,30272,30274,30276,30279],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,30266,11815],{"class":81},[43,30268,30269],{"class":85},"third",[43,30271,82],{"class":81},[43,30273,325],{"class":53},[43,30275,932],{"class":81},[43,30277,30278],{"class":85},"read book",[43,30280,938],{"class":81},[43,30282,30283],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,30284,1667],{"class":53},[43,30286,30287],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,30288,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,30290,30291,30294,30297],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,30292,30293],{"class":1927},"while",[43,30295,30296],{"class":207}," tasks",[43,30298,1931],{"class":53},[43,30300,30301,30304,30306,30308,30310,30312,30314,30316],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,30302,30303],{"class":207},"    key",[43,30305,800],{"class":53},[43,30307,21907],{"class":207},[43,30309,212],{"class":211},[43,30311,30296],{"class":207},[43,30313,315],{"class":53},[43,30315,28872],{"class":236},[43,30317,1728],{"class":53},[43,30319,30320,30322,30324,30326,30328,30330,30332,30334,30336,30338,30340,30342,30344],{"class":45,"line":6756},[43,30321,1951],{"class":49},[43,30323,54],{"class":53},[43,30325,22617],{"class":274},[43,30327,82],{"class":85},[43,30329,9594],{"class":63},[43,30331,15163],{"class":236},[43,30333,22626],{"class":63},[43,30335,22629],{"class":85},[43,30337,9594],{"class":63},[43,30339,307],{"class":236},[43,30341,22626],{"class":63},[43,30343,82],{"class":85},[43,30345,227],{"class":53},[14,30347,30348],{},[913,30349,30350],{},"Possible output:",[34,30352,30354],{"className":36,"code":30353,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[18,30355,30356,30365,30374],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,30357,30358,30360,30362],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,30359,30269],{"class":207},[43,30361,325],{"class":53},[43,30363,30364],{"class":207}," read book\n",[43,30366,30367,30369,30371],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,30368,30249],{"class":207},[43,30370,325],{"class":53},[43,30372,30373],{"class":207}," do homework\n",[43,30375,30376,30378,30380],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,30377,30229],{"class":207},[43,30379,325],{"class":53},[43,30381,30382],{"class":207}," wash dishes\n",[14,30384,2194,30385,30387],{},[18,30386,13089],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[29,30389,3160],{"id":3159},[14,30391,15055,30392,325],{},[18,30393,13089],{},[150,30395,30396,30410,30429,30440],{},[153,30397,30398,30403],{},[913,30399,29974,30400,30402],{},[18,30401,13089],{}," on an empty dictionary",[150,30404,30405],{},[153,30406,30407,30408,315],{},"This raises ",[18,30409,20010],{},[153,30411,30412,30417],{},[913,30413,8773,30414,30416],{},[18,30415,13089],{}," to remove a specific key",[150,30418,30419,30422],{},[153,30420,30421],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[153,30423,133,30424,30428],{},[189,30425,30426],{"href":12885},[18,30427,13082],{}," if you need that.",[153,30430,30431,30435],{},[913,30432,1572,30433,28024],{},[18,30434,13089],{},[150,30436,30437],{},[153,30438,30439],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[153,30441,30442,30445],{},[913,30443,30444],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[150,30446,30447],{},[153,30448,30449,22298,30451,30453],{},[18,30450,13089],{},[18,30452,21978],{}," tuple.",[14,30455,30456],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[34,30458,30460],{"className":36,"code":30459,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[18,30461,30462,30472,30486,30490,30504],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,30463,30464,30466,30468,30470],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,30465,50],{"class":49},[43,30467,54],{"class":53},[43,30469,11766],{"class":236},[43,30471,227],{"class":53},[43,30473,30474,30476,30478,30480,30482,30484],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,30475,50],{"class":49},[43,30477,54],{"class":53},[43,30479,11477],{"class":49},[43,30481,54],{"class":53},[43,30483,11766],{"class":236},[43,30485,67],{"class":53},[43,30487,30488],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,30489,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,30491,30492,30494,30496,30498,30500,30502],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,30493,28863],{"class":207},[43,30495,212],{"class":211},[43,30497,12084],{"class":207},[43,30499,315],{"class":53},[43,30501,28872],{"class":236},[43,30503,1728],{"class":53},[43,30505,30506,30508,30510,30512],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,30507,50],{"class":49},[43,30509,54],{"class":53},[43,30511,23634],{"class":236},[43,30513,227],{"class":53},[14,30515,30516],{},"Or with unpacking:",[34,30518,30520],{"className":36,"code":30519,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[18,30521,30522,30540,30550],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,30523,30524,30526,30528,30530,30532,30534,30536,30538],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,30525,15163],{"class":207},[43,30527,800],{"class":53},[43,30529,21907],{"class":207},[43,30531,212],{"class":211},[43,30533,12084],{"class":207},[43,30535,315],{"class":53},[43,30537,28872],{"class":236},[43,30539,1728],{"class":53},[43,30541,30542,30544,30546,30548],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,30543,50],{"class":49},[43,30545,54],{"class":53},[43,30547,15163],{"class":236},[43,30549,227],{"class":53},[43,30551,30552,30554,30556,30558],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,30553,50],{"class":49},[43,30555,54],{"class":53},[43,30557,307],{"class":236},[43,30559,227],{"class":53},[29,30561,2162],{"id":2161},[402,30563,5466,30565,5469],{"id":30564},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[18,30566,13089],{},[14,30568,30569,30570,315],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[18,30571,30572],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[402,30574,13023,30576,30578],{"id":30575},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[18,30577,13089],{}," remove the last item?",[14,30580,30581],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[402,30583,30585,30586,30588],{"id":30584},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[18,30587,13089],{}," removes?",[14,30590,30591,30592,30596],{},"No. Use ",[189,30593,30594],{"href":12885},[18,30595,13082],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[402,30598,13023,30600,15218],{"id":30599},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,30601,13089],{},[14,30603,30604],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[402,30606,30608,30609,30611],{"id":30607},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[18,30610,13089],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[14,30613,30614,30615,30617,30618,315],{},"It raises ",[18,30616,20010],{}," with the message ",[18,30619,30020],{},[29,30621,2229],{"id":2228},[150,30623,30624,30631,30637,30643,30649,30656,30660,30664],{},[153,30625,30626],{},[189,30627,30628,30630],{"href":12885},[18,30629,13082],{}," method for dictionaries",[153,30632,30633],{},[189,30634,30635,30630],{"href":17398},[18,30636,17401],{},[153,30638,30639],{},[189,30640,30641,30630],{"href":17385},[18,30642,17388],{},[153,30644,30645],{},[189,30646,30647,30630],{"href":17391},[18,30648,17394],{},[153,30650,30651],{},[189,30652,30654,30630],{"href":30653},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[18,30655,11637],{},[153,30657,30658],{},[189,30659,13106],{"href":12892},[153,30661,30662],{},[189,30663,21780],{"href":16919},[153,30665,30666],{},[189,30667,30668,30669],{"href":30181},"Fix ",[18,30670,30184],{},[2262,30672,30673],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":30675},[30676,30677,30679,30680,30681,30682,30683,30684,30689,30694,30696,30697,30709],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":28959,"depth":70,"text":30678},"What popitem() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":29029,"depth":70,"text":29030},{"id":11791,"depth":70,"text":11792},{"id":29382,"depth":70,"text":29383},{"id":29573,"depth":70,"text":29574},{"id":29701,"depth":70,"text":30685,"children":30686},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30687,30688],{"id":28872,"depth":93,"text":13089},{"id":26565,"depth":93,"text":13082},{"id":29970,"depth":70,"text":29971,"children":30690},[30691,30692],{"id":30025,"depth":93,"text":30026},{"id":30100,"depth":93,"text":30693},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30187,"depth":70,"text":30695},"When to use popitem()",{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":30698},[30699,30701,30703,30705,30707],{"id":30564,"depth":93,"text":30700},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30575,"depth":93,"text":30702},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30584,"depth":93,"text":30704},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30599,"depth":93,"text":30706},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30607,"depth":93,"text":30708},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28698,"description":30710},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30717,"title":30718,"body":30719,"description":32622,"extension":2312,"meta":32623,"navigation":958,"path":14354,"seo":32624,"stem":32625,"__hash__":32626},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30720,"toc":32594},[30721,30726,30731,30734,30736,30833,30838,30843,30848,30851,30859,30862,30877,30879,30979,30981,31038,31042,31044,31047,31067,31072,31083,31086,31113,31116,31118,31175,31177,31198,31204,31209,31212,31223,31225,31333,31335,31388,31390,31402,31409,31415,31420,31423,31511,31513,31558,31561,31569,31572,31575,31644,31647,31650,31654,31657,31728,31730,31783,31786,31789,31792,31807,31810,31822,31825,31888,31890,31896,31898,31900,31979,31981,32022,32024,32089,32091,32128,32133,32138,32142,32156,32159,32282,32284,32369,32374,32376,32380,32402,32405,32485,32488,32507,32512,32514,32520,32525,32531,32534,32540,32543,32549,32554,32560,32566,32568,32591],[10,30722,11634,30724,11638],{"id":30723},"python-dictionary-update-method",[18,30725,15276],{},[14,30727,1073,30728,30730],{},[18,30729,15276],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[14,30732,30733],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[29,30735,32],{"id":31},[34,30737,30739],{"className":36,"code":30738,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,30740,30741,30777,30818,30828],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,30742,30743,30745,30747,30749,30751,30753,30755,30757,30759,30761,30763,30765,30767,30769,30771,30773,30775],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,30744,13525],{"class":207},[43,30746,212],{"class":211},[43,30748,1649],{"class":53},[43,30750,82],{"class":81},[43,30752,7992],{"class":85},[43,30754,82],{"class":81},[43,30756,325],{"class":53},[43,30758,932],{"class":81},[43,30760,13200],{"class":85},[43,30762,82],{"class":81},[43,30764,800],{"class":53},[43,30766,932],{"class":81},[43,30768,9615],{"class":85},[43,30770,82],{"class":81},[43,30772,325],{"class":53},[43,30774,8115],{"class":63},[43,30776,1667],{"class":53},[43,30778,30779,30781,30783,30786,30788,30790,30792,30794,30796,30799,30801,30803,30805,30807,30809,30811,30813,30815],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,30780,17630],{"class":207},[43,30782,315],{"class":53},[43,30784,30785],{"class":236},"update",[43,30787,5855],{"class":53},[43,30789,82],{"class":81},[43,30791,9615],{"class":85},[43,30793,82],{"class":81},[43,30795,325],{"class":53},[43,30797,30798],{"class":63}," 21",[43,30800,800],{"class":53},[43,30802,932],{"class":81},[43,30804,10725],{"class":85},[43,30806,82],{"class":81},[43,30808,325],{"class":53},[43,30810,932],{"class":81},[43,30812,16353],{"class":85},[43,30814,82],{"class":81},[43,30816,30817],{"class":53},"})\n",[43,30819,30820,30822,30824,30826],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,30821,50],{"class":49},[43,30823,54],{"class":53},[43,30825,17630],{"class":236},[43,30827,227],{"class":53},[43,30829,30830],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,30831,30832],{"class":3984},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[14,30834,133,30835,30837],{},[18,30836,15276],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[29,30839,3998,30841,4001],{"id":30840},"what-update-does",[18,30842,15276],{},[14,30844,30845,30847],{},[18,30846,15276],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[14,30849,30850],{},"It can do two main things:",[150,30852,30853,30856],{},[153,30854,30855],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[153,30857,30858],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[14,30860,30861],{},"Important things to know:",[150,30863,30864,30867,30870,30874],{},[153,30865,30866],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[153,30868,30869],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[153,30871,2206,30872],{},[18,30873,4099],{},[153,30875,30876],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[14,30878,197],{},[34,30880,30882],{"className":36,"code":30881,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[18,30883,30884,30926,30969],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,30885,30886,30888,30890,30892,30894,30896,30898,30900,30902,30905,30907,30909,30911,30913,30915,30917,30919,30922,30924],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,30887,13183],{"class":207},[43,30889,212],{"class":211},[43,30891,1649],{"class":53},[43,30893,82],{"class":81},[43,30895,7992],{"class":85},[43,30897,82],{"class":81},[43,30899,325],{"class":53},[43,30901,932],{"class":81},[43,30903,30904],{"class":85},"Mira",[43,30906,82],{"class":81},[43,30908,800],{"class":53},[43,30910,932],{"class":81},[43,30912,20214],{"class":85},[43,30914,82],{"class":81},[43,30916,325],{"class":53},[43,30918,932],{"class":81},[43,30920,30921],{"class":85},"B",[43,30923,82],{"class":81},[43,30925,1667],{"class":53},[43,30927,30928,30930,30932,30934,30936,30938,30940,30942,30944,30946,30948,30950,30952,30954,30956,30958,30960,30962,30965,30967],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,30929,13947],{"class":207},[43,30931,315],{"class":53},[43,30933,30785],{"class":236},[43,30935,5855],{"class":53},[43,30937,82],{"class":81},[43,30939,20214],{"class":85},[43,30941,82],{"class":81},[43,30943,325],{"class":53},[43,30945,932],{"class":81},[43,30947,22568],{"class":85},[43,30949,82],{"class":81},[43,30951,800],{"class":53},[43,30953,932],{"class":81},[43,30955,10725],{"class":85},[43,30957,82],{"class":81},[43,30959,325],{"class":53},[43,30961,932],{"class":81},[43,30963,30964],{"class":85},"Quito",[43,30966,82],{"class":81},[43,30968,30817],{"class":53},[43,30970,30971,30973,30975,30977],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,30972,50],{"class":49},[43,30974,54],{"class":53},[43,30976,13947],{"class":236},[43,30978,227],{"class":53},[14,30980,110],{},[34,30982,30984],{"className":36,"code":30983,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[18,30985,30986],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,30987,30988,30990,30992,30994,30996,30998,31000,31002,31004,31006,31008,31010,31012,31014,31016,31018,31020,31022,31024,31026,31028,31030,31032,31034,31036],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,30989,9594],{"class":53},[43,30991,283],{"class":81},[43,30993,7992],{"class":85},[43,30995,283],{"class":81},[43,30997,325],{"class":53},[43,30999,278],{"class":81},[43,31001,30904],{"class":85},[43,31003,283],{"class":81},[43,31005,800],{"class":53},[43,31007,278],{"class":81},[43,31009,20214],{"class":85},[43,31011,283],{"class":81},[43,31013,325],{"class":53},[43,31015,278],{"class":81},[43,31017,22568],{"class":85},[43,31019,283],{"class":81},[43,31021,800],{"class":53},[43,31023,278],{"class":81},[43,31025,10725],{"class":85},[43,31027,283],{"class":81},[43,31029,325],{"class":53},[43,31031,278],{"class":81},[43,31033,30964],{"class":85},[43,31035,283],{"class":81},[43,31037,1667],{"class":53},[14,31039,9467,31040,315],{},[189,31041,24952],{"href":9706},[29,31043,290],{"id":289},[14,31045,31046],{},"The basic form is:",[34,31048,31050],{"className":36,"code":31049,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[18,31051,31052],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,31053,31054,31056,31058,31060,31062,31065],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,31055,15926],{"class":207},[43,31057,315],{"class":53},[43,31059,30785],{"class":236},[43,31061,54],{"class":53},[43,31063,31064],{"class":236},"other",[43,31066,227],{"class":53},[14,31068,31069,31071],{},[18,31070,31064],{}," can be:",[150,31073,31074,31077,31080],{},[153,31075,31076],{},"Another dictionary",[153,31078,31079],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[153,31081,31082],{},"Keyword arguments",[14,31084,31085],{},"You can also use:",[34,31087,31089],{"className":36,"code":31088,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[18,31090,31091],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,31092,31093,31095,31097,31099,31101,31103,31105,31107,31109,31111],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,31094,15926],{"class":207},[43,31096,315],{"class":53},[43,31098,30785],{"class":236},[43,31100,54],{"class":53},[43,31102,7992],{"class":9491},[43,31104,212],{"class":211},[43,31106,82],{"class":81},[43,31108,8001],{"class":85},[43,31110,82],{"class":81},[43,31112,227],{"class":53},[14,31114,31115],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[14,31117,197],{},[34,31119,31121],{"className":36,"code":31120,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[18,31122,31123,31143,31165],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,31124,31125,31127,31129,31131,31133,31135,31137,31139,31141],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,31126,9481],{"class":207},[43,31128,212],{"class":211},[43,31130,1649],{"class":53},[43,31132,82],{"class":81},[43,31134,189],{"class":85},[43,31136,82],{"class":81},[43,31138,325],{"class":53},[43,31140,5823],{"class":63},[43,31142,1667],{"class":53},[43,31144,31145,31147,31149,31151,31153,31155,31157,31159,31161,31163],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,31146,9520],{"class":207},[43,31148,315],{"class":53},[43,31150,30785],{"class":236},[43,31152,5855],{"class":53},[43,31154,82],{"class":81},[43,31156,189],{"class":85},[43,31158,82],{"class":81},[43,31160,325],{"class":53},[43,31162,6331],{"class":63},[43,31164,30817],{"class":53},[43,31166,31167,31169,31171,31173],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,31168,50],{"class":49},[43,31170,54],{"class":53},[43,31172,9520],{"class":236},[43,31174,227],{"class":53},[14,31176,110],{},[34,31178,31180],{"className":36,"code":31179,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'a': 10}\n",[18,31181,31182],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,31183,31184,31186,31188,31190,31192,31194,31196],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,31185,9594],{"class":53},[43,31187,283],{"class":81},[43,31189,189],{"class":85},[43,31191,283],{"class":81},[43,31193,325],{"class":53},[43,31195,6331],{"class":63},[43,31197,1667],{"class":53},[29,31199,8738,31201,31203],{"id":31200},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[18,31202,15276],{}," with another dictionary",[14,31205,31206,31207,315],{},"This is the most common use of ",[18,31208,15276],{},[14,31210,31211],{},"It is useful when:",[150,31213,31214,31217,31220],{},[153,31215,31216],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[153,31218,31219],{},"Adding extra settings",[153,31221,31222],{},"Updating stored data",[14,31224,197],{},[34,31226,31228],{"className":36,"code":31227,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[18,31229,31230,31267,31304,31308,31323],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,31231,31232,31234,31236,31238,31240,31242,31244,31246,31248,31250,31252,31254,31256,31258,31260,31262,31265],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,31233,14147],{"class":207},[43,31235,212],{"class":211},[43,31237,1649],{"class":53},[43,31239,82],{"class":81},[43,31241,12813],{"class":85},[43,31243,82],{"class":81},[43,31245,325],{"class":53},[43,31247,932],{"class":81},[43,31249,21251],{"class":85},[43,31251,82],{"class":81},[43,31253,800],{"class":53},[43,31255,932],{"class":81},[43,31257,14172],{"class":85},[43,31259,82],{"class":81},[43,31261,325],{"class":53},[43,31263,31264],{"class":63}," 12",[43,31266,1667],{"class":53},[43,31268,31269,31272,31274,31276,31278,31280,31282,31284,31286,31288,31290,31292,31294,31296,31298,31300,31302],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,31270,31271],{"class":207},"new_settings ",[43,31273,212],{"class":211},[43,31275,1649],{"class":53},[43,31277,82],{"class":81},[43,31279,14172],{"class":85},[43,31281,82],{"class":81},[43,31283,325],{"class":53},[43,31285,14179],{"class":63},[43,31287,800],{"class":53},[43,31289,932],{"class":81},[43,31291,20446],{"class":85},[43,31293,82],{"class":81},[43,31295,325],{"class":53},[43,31297,932],{"class":81},[43,31299,20480],{"class":85},[43,31301,82],{"class":81},[43,31303,1667],{"class":53},[43,31305,31306],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,31307,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,31309,31310,31312,31314,31316,31318,31321],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,31311,14206],{"class":207},[43,31313,315],{"class":53},[43,31315,30785],{"class":236},[43,31317,54],{"class":53},[43,31319,31320],{"class":236},"new_settings",[43,31322,227],{"class":53},[43,31324,31325,31327,31329,31331],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,31326,50],{"class":49},[43,31328,54],{"class":53},[43,31330,14206],{"class":236},[43,31332,227],{"class":53},[14,31334,110],{},[34,31336,31338],{"className":36,"code":31337,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[18,31339,31340],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,31341,31342,31344,31346,31348,31350,31352,31354,31356,31358,31360,31362,31364,31366,31368,31370,31372,31374,31376,31378,31380,31382,31384,31386],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,31343,9594],{"class":53},[43,31345,283],{"class":81},[43,31347,12813],{"class":85},[43,31349,283],{"class":81},[43,31351,325],{"class":53},[43,31353,278],{"class":81},[43,31355,21251],{"class":85},[43,31357,283],{"class":81},[43,31359,800],{"class":53},[43,31361,278],{"class":81},[43,31363,14172],{"class":85},[43,31365,283],{"class":81},[43,31367,325],{"class":53},[43,31369,14179],{"class":63},[43,31371,800],{"class":53},[43,31373,278],{"class":81},[43,31375,20446],{"class":85},[43,31377,283],{"class":81},[43,31379,325],{"class":53},[43,31381,278],{"class":81},[43,31383,20480],{"class":85},[43,31385,283],{"class":81},[43,31387,1667],{"class":53},[14,31389,13730],{},[150,31391,31392,31397],{},[153,31393,31394,31396],{},[18,31395,14172],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[153,31398,31399,31401],{},[18,31400,20446],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[14,31403,31404,31405,315],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[189,31406,31408],{"href":31407},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[29,31410,8738,31412,31414],{"id":31411},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[18,31413,15276],{}," with key-value pairs",[14,31416,31417,31419],{},[18,31418,15276],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[14,31421,31422],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[34,31424,31426],{"className":36,"code":31425,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,31427,31428,31448,31483,31487,31501],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,31429,31430,31432,31434,31436,31438,31440,31442,31444,31446],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,31431,5387],{"class":207},[43,31433,212],{"class":211},[43,31435,1649],{"class":53},[43,31437,82],{"class":81},[43,31439,18739],{"class":85},[43,31441,82],{"class":81},[43,31443,325],{"class":53},[43,31445,20221],{"class":63},[43,31447,1667],{"class":53},[43,31449,31450,31452,31454,31456,31458,31460,31462,31464,31466,31468,31470,31472,31475,31477,31479,31481],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,31451,9531],{"class":207},[43,31453,212],{"class":211},[43,31455,9536],{"class":53},[43,31457,82],{"class":81},[43,31459,18748],{"class":85},[43,31461,82],{"class":81},[43,31463,800],{"class":53},[43,31465,13828],{"class":63},[43,31467,9549],{"class":53},[43,31469,9552],{"class":53},[43,31471,82],{"class":81},[43,31473,31474],{"class":85},"english",[43,31476,82],{"class":81},[43,31478,800],{"class":53},[43,31480,29245],{"class":63},[43,31482,9565],{"class":53},[43,31484,31485],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,31486,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,31488,31489,31491,31493,31495,31497,31499],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,31490,16711],{"class":207},[43,31492,315],{"class":53},[43,31494,30785],{"class":236},[43,31496,54],{"class":53},[43,31498,9578],{"class":236},[43,31500,227],{"class":53},[43,31502,31503,31505,31507,31509],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,31504,50],{"class":49},[43,31506,54],{"class":53},[43,31508,16711],{"class":236},[43,31510,227],{"class":53},[14,31512,110],{},[34,31514,31516],{"className":36,"code":31515,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[18,31517,31518],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,31519,31520,31522,31524,31526,31528,31530,31532,31534,31536,31538,31540,31542,31544,31546,31548,31550,31552,31554,31556],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,31521,9594],{"class":53},[43,31523,283],{"class":81},[43,31525,18739],{"class":85},[43,31527,283],{"class":81},[43,31529,325],{"class":53},[43,31531,20221],{"class":63},[43,31533,800],{"class":53},[43,31535,278],{"class":81},[43,31537,18748],{"class":85},[43,31539,283],{"class":81},[43,31541,325],{"class":53},[43,31543,13828],{"class":63},[43,31545,800],{"class":53},[43,31547,278],{"class":81},[43,31549,31474],{"class":85},[43,31551,283],{"class":81},[43,31553,325],{"class":53},[43,31555,29245],{"class":63},[43,31557,1667],{"class":53},[14,31559,31560],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[150,31562,31563,31566],{},[153,31564,31565],{},"The key",[153,31567,31568],{},"The value",[14,31570,31571],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[14,31573,31574],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[34,31576,31578],{"className":36,"code":31577,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[18,31579,31580,31600,31625,31629],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,31581,31582,31584,31586,31588,31590,31592,31594,31596,31598],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,31583,9481],{"class":207},[43,31585,212],{"class":211},[43,31587,1649],{"class":53},[43,31589,82],{"class":81},[43,31591,189],{"class":85},[43,31593,82],{"class":81},[43,31595,325],{"class":53},[43,31597,5823],{"class":63},[43,31599,1667],{"class":53},[43,31601,31602,31605,31607,31609,31611,31613,31615,31617,31619,31621,31623],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,31603,31604],{"class":207},"bad_pairs ",[43,31606,212],{"class":211},[43,31608,9536],{"class":53},[43,31610,82],{"class":81},[43,31612,1231],{"class":85},[43,31614,82],{"class":81},[43,31616,800],{"class":53},[43,31618,803],{"class":63},[43,31620,800],{"class":53},[43,31622,808],{"class":63},[43,31624,9565],{"class":53},[43,31626,31627],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,31628,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,31630,31631,31633,31635,31637,31639,31642],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,31632,9520],{"class":207},[43,31634,315],{"class":53},[43,31636,30785],{"class":236},[43,31638,54],{"class":53},[43,31640,31641],{"class":236},"bad_pairs",[43,31643,227],{"class":53},[14,31645,31646],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[14,31648,31649],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[29,31651,31653],{"id":31652},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[14,31655,31656],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[34,31658,31660],{"className":36,"code":31659,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[18,31661,31662,31686,31718],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,31663,31664,31666,31668,31670,31672,31674,31676,31678,31680,31682,31684],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,31665,11805],{"class":207},[43,31667,212],{"class":211},[43,31669,1649],{"class":53},[43,31671,82],{"class":81},[43,31673,7992],{"class":85},[43,31675,82],{"class":81},[43,31677,325],{"class":53},[43,31679,932],{"class":81},[43,31681,29238],{"class":85},[43,31683,82],{"class":81},[43,31685,1667],{"class":53},[43,31687,31688,31690,31692,31694,31696,31698,31700,31702,31704,31707,31709,31711,31714,31716],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,31689,11899],{"class":207},[43,31691,315],{"class":53},[43,31693,30785],{"class":236},[43,31695,54],{"class":53},[43,31697,9615],{"class":9491},[43,31699,212],{"class":211},[43,31701,9509],{"class":63},[43,31703,800],{"class":53},[43,31705,31706],{"class":9491}," city",[43,31708,212],{"class":211},[43,31710,82],{"class":81},[43,31712,31713],{"class":85},"Madrid",[43,31715,82],{"class":81},[43,31717,227],{"class":53},[43,31719,31720,31722,31724,31726],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,31721,50],{"class":49},[43,31723,54],{"class":53},[43,31725,11899],{"class":236},[43,31727,227],{"class":53},[14,31729,110],{},[34,31731,31733],{"className":36,"code":31732,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[18,31734,31735],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,31736,31737,31739,31741,31743,31745,31747,31749,31751,31753,31755,31757,31759,31761,31763,31765,31767,31769,31771,31773,31775,31777,31779,31781],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,31738,9594],{"class":53},[43,31740,283],{"class":81},[43,31742,7992],{"class":85},[43,31744,283],{"class":81},[43,31746,325],{"class":53},[43,31748,278],{"class":81},[43,31750,29238],{"class":85},[43,31752,283],{"class":81},[43,31754,800],{"class":53},[43,31756,278],{"class":81},[43,31758,9615],{"class":85},[43,31760,283],{"class":81},[43,31762,325],{"class":53},[43,31764,9622],{"class":63},[43,31766,800],{"class":53},[43,31768,278],{"class":81},[43,31770,10725],{"class":85},[43,31772,283],{"class":81},[43,31774,325],{"class":53},[43,31776,278],{"class":81},[43,31778,31713],{"class":85},[43,31780,283],{"class":81},[43,31782,1667],{"class":53},[14,31784,31785],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[14,31787,31788],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[14,31790,31791],{},"These work:",[150,31793,31794,31798,31802],{},[153,31795,31796],{},[18,31797,9615],{},[153,31799,31800],{},[18,31801,10725],{},[153,31803,31804],{},[18,31805,31806],{},"first_name",[14,31808,31809],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[150,31811,31812,31817],{},[153,31813,31814],{},[18,31815,31816],{},"\"first name\"",[153,31818,31819],{},[18,31820,31821],{},"\"user-id\"",[14,31823,31824],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[34,31826,31828],{"className":36,"code":31827,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[18,31829,31830,31838,31878],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,31831,31832,31834,31836],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,31833,11805],{"class":207},[43,31835,212],{"class":211},[43,31837,10154],{"class":53},[43,31839,31840,31842,31844,31846,31848,31850,31852,31854,31856,31858,31860,31862,31864,31866,31869,31871,31873,31876],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,31841,11899],{"class":207},[43,31843,315],{"class":53},[43,31845,30785],{"class":236},[43,31847,5855],{"class":53},[43,31849,82],{"class":81},[43,31851,10828],{"class":85},[43,31853,82],{"class":81},[43,31855,325],{"class":53},[43,31857,932],{"class":81},[43,31859,29238],{"class":85},[43,31861,82],{"class":81},[43,31863,800],{"class":53},[43,31865,932],{"class":81},[43,31867,31868],{"class":85},"user-id",[43,31870,82],{"class":81},[43,31872,325],{"class":53},[43,31874,31875],{"class":63}," 1001",[43,31877,30817],{"class":53},[43,31879,31880,31882,31884,31886],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,31881,50],{"class":49},[43,31883,54],{"class":53},[43,31885,11899],{"class":236},[43,31887,227],{"class":53},[29,31889,903],{"id":902},[14,31891,31892,2733,31894,315],{},[18,31893,15276],{},[18,31895,4099],{},[14,31897,14370],{},[14,31899,25032],{},[34,31901,31903],{"className":36,"code":31902,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[18,31904,31905,31929,31955,31959,31969],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,31906,31907,31909,31911,31913,31915,31917,31919,31921,31923,31925,31927],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,31908,13525],{"class":207},[43,31910,212],{"class":211},[43,31912,1649],{"class":53},[43,31914,82],{"class":81},[43,31916,7992],{"class":85},[43,31918,82],{"class":81},[43,31920,325],{"class":53},[43,31922,932],{"class":81},[43,31924,13200],{"class":85},[43,31926,82],{"class":81},[43,31928,1667],{"class":53},[43,31930,31931,31933,31935,31937,31939,31941,31943,31945,31947,31949,31951,31953],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,31932,1282],{"class":207},[43,31934,212],{"class":211},[43,31936,13568],{"class":207},[43,31938,315],{"class":53},[43,31940,30785],{"class":236},[43,31942,5855],{"class":53},[43,31944,82],{"class":81},[43,31946,9615],{"class":85},[43,31948,82],{"class":81},[43,31950,325],{"class":53},[43,31952,8115],{"class":63},[43,31954,30817],{"class":53},[43,31956,31957],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,31958,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,31960,31961,31963,31965,31967],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,31962,50],{"class":49},[43,31964,54],{"class":53},[43,31966,1306],{"class":236},[43,31968,227],{"class":53},[43,31970,31971,31973,31975,31977],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,31972,50],{"class":49},[43,31974,54],{"class":53},[43,31976,17630],{"class":236},[43,31978,227],{"class":53},[14,31980,110],{},[34,31982,31984],{"className":36,"code":31983,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[18,31985,31986,31990],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,31987,31988],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,31989,12126],{"class":104},[43,31991,31992,31994,31996,31998,32000,32002,32004,32006,32008,32010,32012,32014,32016,32018,32020],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,31993,9594],{"class":53},[43,31995,283],{"class":81},[43,31997,7992],{"class":85},[43,31999,283],{"class":81},[43,32001,325],{"class":53},[43,32003,278],{"class":81},[43,32005,13200],{"class":85},[43,32007,283],{"class":81},[43,32009,800],{"class":53},[43,32011,278],{"class":81},[43,32013,9615],{"class":85},[43,32015,283],{"class":81},[43,32017,325],{"class":53},[43,32019,8115],{"class":63},[43,32021,1667],{"class":53},[14,32023,16978],{},[34,32025,32027],{"className":36,"code":32026,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[18,32028,32029,32053,32075,32079],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,32030,32031,32033,32035,32037,32039,32041,32043,32045,32047,32049,32051],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,32032,13525],{"class":207},[43,32034,212],{"class":211},[43,32036,1649],{"class":53},[43,32038,82],{"class":81},[43,32040,7992],{"class":85},[43,32042,82],{"class":81},[43,32044,325],{"class":53},[43,32046,932],{"class":81},[43,32048,13200],{"class":85},[43,32050,82],{"class":81},[43,32052,1667],{"class":53},[43,32054,32055,32057,32059,32061,32063,32065,32067,32069,32071,32073],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,32056,17630],{"class":207},[43,32058,315],{"class":53},[43,32060,30785],{"class":236},[43,32062,5855],{"class":53},[43,32064,82],{"class":81},[43,32066,9615],{"class":85},[43,32068,82],{"class":81},[43,32070,325],{"class":53},[43,32072,8115],{"class":63},[43,32074,30817],{"class":53},[43,32076,32077],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,32078,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,32080,32081,32083,32085,32087],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,32082,50],{"class":49},[43,32084,54],{"class":53},[43,32086,17630],{"class":236},[43,32088,227],{"class":53},[14,32090,110],{},[34,32092,32094],{"className":36,"code":32093,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[18,32095,32096],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,32097,32098,32100,32102,32104,32106,32108,32110,32112,32114,32116,32118,32120,32122,32124,32126],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,32099,9594],{"class":53},[43,32101,283],{"class":81},[43,32103,7992],{"class":85},[43,32105,283],{"class":81},[43,32107,325],{"class":53},[43,32109,278],{"class":81},[43,32111,13200],{"class":85},[43,32113,283],{"class":81},[43,32115,800],{"class":53},[43,32117,278],{"class":81},[43,32119,9615],{"class":85},[43,32121,283],{"class":81},[43,32123,325],{"class":53},[43,32125,8115],{"class":63},[43,32127,1667],{"class":53},[14,32129,32130,32131,315],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[189,32132,18226],{"href":11045},[29,32134,5284,32136],{"id":32135},"when-to-use-update",[18,32137,15276],{},[14,32139,133,32140,10916],{},[18,32141,15276],{},[150,32143,32144,32147,32150,32153],{},[153,32145,32146],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[153,32148,32149],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[153,32151,32152],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[153,32154,32155],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[14,32157,32158],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[34,32160,32162],{"className":36,"code":32161,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[18,32163,32164,32200,32215,32219,32258,32262,32272],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,32165,32166,32168,32170,32172,32174,32176,32178,32180,32182,32184,32186,32188,32190,32192,32194,32196,32198],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,32167,12404],{"class":207},[43,32169,212],{"class":211},[43,32171,1649],{"class":53},[43,32173,82],{"class":81},[43,32175,7992],{"class":85},[43,32177,82],{"class":81},[43,32179,325],{"class":53},[43,32181,932],{"class":81},[43,32183,13200],{"class":85},[43,32185,82],{"class":81},[43,32187,800],{"class":53},[43,32189,932],{"class":81},[43,32191,9615],{"class":85},[43,32193,82],{"class":81},[43,32195,325],{"class":53},[43,32197,8115],{"class":63},[43,32199,1667],{"class":53},[43,32201,32202,32205,32207,32209,32211,32213],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,32203,32204],{"class":207},"updated ",[43,32206,212],{"class":211},[43,32208,12479],{"class":207},[43,32210,315],{"class":53},[43,32212,13231],{"class":236},[43,32214,1728],{"class":53},[43,32216,32217],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,32218,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,32220,32221,32224,32226,32228,32230,32232,32234,32236,32238,32240,32242,32244,32246,32248,32250,32252,32254,32256],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,32222,32223],{"class":207},"updated",[43,32225,315],{"class":53},[43,32227,30785],{"class":236},[43,32229,5855],{"class":53},[43,32231,82],{"class":81},[43,32233,9615],{"class":85},[43,32235,82],{"class":81},[43,32237,325],{"class":53},[43,32239,30798],{"class":63},[43,32241,800],{"class":53},[43,32243,932],{"class":81},[43,32245,10725],{"class":85},[43,32247,82],{"class":81},[43,32249,325],{"class":53},[43,32251,932],{"class":81},[43,32253,16353],{"class":85},[43,32255,82],{"class":81},[43,32257,30817],{"class":53},[43,32259,32260],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,32261,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,32263,32264,32266,32268,32270],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,32265,50],{"class":49},[43,32267,54],{"class":53},[43,32269,12451],{"class":236},[43,32271,227],{"class":53},[43,32273,32274,32276,32278,32280],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,32275,50],{"class":49},[43,32277,54],{"class":53},[43,32279,32223],{"class":236},[43,32281,227],{"class":53},[14,32283,110],{},[34,32285,32287],{"className":36,"code":32286,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,32288,32289,32321],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,32290,32291,32293,32295,32297,32299,32301,32303,32305,32307,32309,32311,32313,32315,32317,32319],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,32292,9594],{"class":53},[43,32294,283],{"class":81},[43,32296,7992],{"class":85},[43,32298,283],{"class":81},[43,32300,325],{"class":53},[43,32302,278],{"class":81},[43,32304,13200],{"class":85},[43,32306,283],{"class":81},[43,32308,800],{"class":53},[43,32310,278],{"class":81},[43,32312,9615],{"class":85},[43,32314,283],{"class":81},[43,32316,325],{"class":53},[43,32318,8115],{"class":63},[43,32320,1667],{"class":53},[43,32322,32323,32325,32327,32329,32331,32333,32335,32337,32339,32341,32343,32345,32347,32349,32351,32353,32355,32357,32359,32361,32363,32365,32367],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,32324,9594],{"class":53},[43,32326,283],{"class":81},[43,32328,7992],{"class":85},[43,32330,283],{"class":81},[43,32332,325],{"class":53},[43,32334,278],{"class":81},[43,32336,13200],{"class":85},[43,32338,283],{"class":81},[43,32340,800],{"class":53},[43,32342,278],{"class":81},[43,32344,9615],{"class":85},[43,32346,283],{"class":81},[43,32348,325],{"class":53},[43,32350,30798],{"class":63},[43,32352,800],{"class":53},[43,32354,278],{"class":81},[43,32356,10725],{"class":85},[43,32358,283],{"class":81},[43,32360,325],{"class":53},[43,32362,278],{"class":81},[43,32364,16353],{"class":85},[43,32366,283],{"class":81},[43,32368,1667],{"class":53},[14,32370,32371,32372,315],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[189,32373,16920],{"href":16919},[29,32375,3160],{"id":3159},[14,32377,11062,32378,325],{},[18,32379,15276],{},[150,32381,32382,32389,32393,32396,32399],{},[153,32383,12913,32384,32386,32387],{},[18,32385,15276],{}," to a variable and getting ",[18,32388,4099],{},[153,32390,8773,32391,12921],{},[18,32392,15276],{},[153,32394,32395],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[153,32397,32398],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[153,32400,32401],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[14,32403,32404],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[34,32406,32408],{"className":36,"code":32407,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[18,32409,32410,32420,32434,32448,32470],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,32411,32412,32414,32416,32418],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,32413,50],{"class":49},[43,32415,54],{"class":53},[43,32417,11766],{"class":236},[43,32419,227],{"class":53},[43,32421,32422,32424,32426,32428,32430,32432],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,32423,50],{"class":49},[43,32425,54],{"class":53},[43,32427,248],{"class":57},[43,32429,54],{"class":53},[43,32431,9520],{"class":236},[43,32433,67],{"class":53},[43,32435,32436,32438,32440,32442,32444,32446],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,32437,50],{"class":49},[43,32439,54],{"class":53},[43,32441,849],{"class":57},[43,32443,54],{"class":53},[43,32445,9520],{"class":236},[43,32447,67],{"class":53},[43,32449,32450,32452,32454,32456,32458,32460,32462,32464,32466,32468],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,32451,50],{"class":49},[43,32453,54],{"class":53},[43,32455,11766],{"class":236},[43,32457,315],{"class":53},[43,32459,20073],{"class":236},[43,32461,54],{"class":53},[43,32463,283],{"class":81},[43,32465,15163],{"class":85},[43,32467,283],{"class":81},[43,32469,67],{"class":53},[43,32471,32472,32475,32477,32479,32481,32483],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,32473,32474],{"class":49},"help",[43,32476,54],{"class":53},[43,32478,9140],{"class":57},[43,32480,315],{"class":53},[43,32482,30785],{"class":25074},[43,32484,227],{"class":53},[14,32486,32487],{},"These can help you check:",[150,32489,32490,32493,32498,32501,32504],{},[153,32491,32492],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[153,32494,32495,32496],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[18,32497,15276],{},[153,32499,32500],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[153,32502,32503],{},"Whether a key exists",[153,32505,32506],{},"The built-in method help text",[14,32508,32509,32510,315],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[189,32511,11578],{"href":11389},[29,32513,2162],{"id":2161},[402,32515,13023,32517,32519],{"id":32516},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[18,32518,15276],{}," return a new dictionary?",[14,32521,32522,32523,315],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[18,32524,4099],{},[402,32526,13023,32528,32530],{"id":32527},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[18,32529,15276],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[14,32532,32533],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[402,32535,5493,32537,32539],{"id":32536},"can-update-add-new-keys",[18,32538,15276],{}," add new keys?",[14,32541,32542],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[402,32544,28653,32546,32548],{"id":32545},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[18,32547,15276],{}," with a list?",[14,32550,32551,32552,315],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[18,32553,11410],{},[402,32555,5503,32557,32559],{"id":32556},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[18,32558,15276],{}," and assigning one key?",[14,32561,32562,32563,32565],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[18,32564,15276],{}," can change many keys at once.",[29,32567,2229],{"id":2228},[150,32569,32570,32574,32578,32583,32587],{},[153,32571,32572],{},[189,32573,26419],{"href":9706},[153,32575,32576],{},[189,32577,11567],{"href":11045},[153,32579,32580],{},[189,32581,32582],{"href":31407},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[153,32584,32585],{},[189,32586,21780],{"href":16919},[153,32588,32589],{},[189,32590,11578],{"href":11389},[2262,32592,32593],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":32595},[32596,32597,32599,32600,32602,32604,32605,32606,32608,32609,32621],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":30840,"depth":70,"text":32598},"What update() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":31200,"depth":70,"text":32601},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31411,"depth":70,"text":32603},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31652,"depth":70,"text":31653},{"id":902,"depth":70,"text":903},{"id":32135,"depth":70,"text":32607},"When to use update()",{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":32610},[32611,32613,32615,32617,32619],{"id":32516,"depth":93,"text":32612},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32527,"depth":93,"text":32614},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32536,"depth":93,"text":32616},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32545,"depth":93,"text":32618},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32556,"depth":93,"text":32620},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30718,"description":32622},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32628,"title":32629,"body":32630,"description":34619,"extension":2312,"meta":34620,"navigation":958,"path":23218,"seo":34621,"stem":34622,"__hash__":34623},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32631,"toc":34582},[32632,32637,32644,32647,32649,32748,32750,32805,32810,32815,32829,32834,32836,32851,32853,32867,32880,32885,32891,32898,32900,33007,33009,33058,33064,33139,33141,33162,33164,33167,33272,33274,33329,33331,33359,33363,33368,33447,33449,33469,33471,33482,33492,33496,33501,33605,33607,33632,33635,33646,33651,33660,33663,33680,33682,33769,33771,33834,33836,33859,33861,33866,33872,33877,33879,33918,33924,33927,33946,33957,33963,33966,34039,34041,34060,34065,34068,34091,34097,34100,34164,34167,34244,34251,34254,34313,34319,34321,34340,34344,34347,34398,34401,34421,34423,34484,34486,34491,34496,34501,34506,34511,34516,34522,34525,34534,34542,34544,34579],[10,32633,11634,32635,11638],{"id":32634},"python-dictionary-values-method",[18,32636,17394],{},[14,32638,32639,32640,32643],{},"The Python ",[18,32641,32642],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[14,32645,32646],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[29,32648,32],{"id":31},[34,32650,32652],{"className":36,"code":32651,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[18,32653,32654,32706,32720,32724,32734],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,32655,32656,32658,32660,32662,32664,32666,32668,32670,32672,32674,32676,32678,32680,32682,32684,32686,32688,32690,32692,32694,32696,32698,32700,32702,32704],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,32657,13183],{"class":207},[43,32659,212],{"class":211},[43,32661,1649],{"class":53},[43,32663,82],{"class":81},[43,32665,7992],{"class":85},[43,32667,82],{"class":81},[43,32669,325],{"class":53},[43,32671,932],{"class":81},[43,32673,13200],{"class":85},[43,32675,82],{"class":81},[43,32677,800],{"class":53},[43,32679,932],{"class":81},[43,32681,9615],{"class":85},[43,32683,82],{"class":81},[43,32685,325],{"class":53},[43,32687,8115],{"class":63},[43,32689,800],{"class":53},[43,32691,932],{"class":81},[43,32693,10725],{"class":85},[43,32695,82],{"class":81},[43,32697,325],{"class":53},[43,32699,932],{"class":81},[43,32701,16353],{"class":85},[43,32703,82],{"class":81},[43,32705,1667],{"class":53},[43,32707,32708,32710,32712,32714,32716,32718],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,32709,4144],{"class":207},[43,32711,212],{"class":211},[43,32713,13226],{"class":207},[43,32715,315],{"class":53},[43,32717,5683],{"class":236},[43,32719,1728],{"class":53},[43,32721,32722],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,32723,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,32725,32726,32728,32730,32732],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,32727,50],{"class":49},[43,32729,54],{"class":53},[43,32731,5683],{"class":236},[43,32733,227],{"class":53},[43,32735,32736,32738,32740,32742,32744,32746],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,32737,50],{"class":49},[43,32739,54],{"class":53},[43,32741,849],{"class":57},[43,32743,54],{"class":53},[43,32745,5683],{"class":236},[43,32747,67],{"class":53},[14,32749,110],{},[34,32751,32753],{"className":36,"code":32752,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[18,32754,32755,32781],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,32756,32757,32759,32761,32763,32765,32767,32769,32771,32773,32775,32777,32779],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,32758,17360],{"class":236},[43,32760,794],{"class":53},[43,32762,283],{"class":81},[43,32764,13200],{"class":85},[43,32766,283],{"class":81},[43,32768,800],{"class":53},[43,32770,8115],{"class":63},[43,32772,800],{"class":53},[43,32774,278],{"class":81},[43,32776,16353],{"class":85},[43,32778,283],{"class":81},[43,32780,4209],{"class":53},[43,32782,32783,32785,32787,32789,32791,32793,32795,32797,32799,32801,32803],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,32784,4221],{"class":53},[43,32786,283],{"class":81},[43,32788,13200],{"class":85},[43,32790,283],{"class":81},[43,32792,800],{"class":53},[43,32794,8115],{"class":63},[43,32796,800],{"class":53},[43,32798,278],{"class":81},[43,32800,16353],{"class":85},[43,32802,283],{"class":81},[43,32804,3955],{"class":53},[14,32806,32807,32809],{},[18,32808,17394],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[29,32811,3998,32813,4001],{"id":32812},"what-values-does",[18,32814,17394],{},[150,32816,32817,32820,32823,32826],{},[153,32818,32819],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[153,32821,32822],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[153,32824,32825],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[153,32827,32828],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[14,32830,32831,32832,315],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[189,32833,9707],{"href":9706},[29,32835,290],{"id":289},[34,32837,32839],{"className":36,"code":32838,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_dict.values()\n",[18,32840,32841],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,32842,32843,32845,32847,32849],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,32844,11766],{"class":207},[43,32846,315],{"class":53},[43,32848,5683],{"class":236},[43,32850,1728],{"class":53},[14,32852,13372],{},[150,32854,32855,32859,32862],{},[153,32856,32857,11782],{},[18,32858,17394],{},[153,32860,32861],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[153,32863,32864,32865],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[18,32866,17394],{},[14,32868,32869,32870,895,32875,315],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[189,32871,32872,32874],{"href":17385},[18,32873,17388],{}," for dictionary keys",[189,32876,32877,32879],{"href":17398},[18,32878,17401],{}," for key-value pairs",[29,32881,3998,32883,12023],{"id":32882},"what-values-returns",[18,32884,17394],{},[14,32886,32887,22298,32889,25088],{},[18,32888,17394],{},[18,32890,17360],{},[14,32892,32893,32894,32897],{},"This object is a ",[913,32895,32896],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[14,32899,197],{},[34,32901,32903],{"className":36,"code":32902,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[18,32904,32905,32941,32945,32960,32971,32975,32997],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,32906,32907,32909,32911,32913,32915,32917,32919,32921,32923,32925,32927,32929,32931,32933,32935,32937,32939],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,32908,13525],{"class":207},[43,32910,212],{"class":211},[43,32912,1649],{"class":53},[43,32914,82],{"class":81},[43,32916,7992],{"class":85},[43,32918,82],{"class":81},[43,32920,325],{"class":53},[43,32922,932],{"class":81},[43,32924,8247],{"class":85},[43,32926,82],{"class":81},[43,32928,800],{"class":53},[43,32930,932],{"class":81},[43,32932,9615],{"class":85},[43,32934,82],{"class":81},[43,32936,325],{"class":53},[43,32938,9622],{"class":63},[43,32940,1667],{"class":53},[43,32942,32943],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,32944,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,32946,32947,32950,32952,32954,32956,32958],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,32948,32949],{"class":207},"values_view ",[43,32951,212],{"class":211},[43,32953,13568],{"class":207},[43,32955,315],{"class":53},[43,32957,5683],{"class":236},[43,32959,1728],{"class":53},[43,32961,32962,32964,32966,32969],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,32963,50],{"class":49},[43,32965,54],{"class":53},[43,32967,32968],{"class":236},"values_view",[43,32970,227],{"class":53},[43,32972,32973],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,32974,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,32976,32977,32979,32981,32983,32985,32987,32989,32991,32993,32995],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,32978,17630],{"class":207},[43,32980,4221],{"class":53},[43,32982,82],{"class":81},[43,32984,10725],{"class":85},[43,32986,82],{"class":81},[43,32988,13594],{"class":53},[43,32990,13597],{"class":211},[43,32992,932],{"class":81},[43,32994,30964],{"class":85},[43,32996,938],{"class":81},[43,32998,32999,33001,33003,33005],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,33000,50],{"class":49},[43,33002,54],{"class":53},[43,33004,32968],{"class":236},[43,33006,227],{"class":53},[14,33008,110],{},[34,33010,33012],{"className":36,"code":33011,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[18,33013,33014,33032],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,33015,33016,33018,33020,33022,33024,33026,33028,33030],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,33017,17360],{"class":236},[43,33019,794],{"class":53},[43,33021,283],{"class":81},[43,33023,8247],{"class":85},[43,33025,283],{"class":81},[43,33027,800],{"class":53},[43,33029,9622],{"class":63},[43,33031,4209],{"class":53},[43,33033,33034,33036,33038,33040,33042,33044,33046,33048,33050,33052,33054,33056],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,33035,17360],{"class":236},[43,33037,794],{"class":53},[43,33039,283],{"class":81},[43,33041,8247],{"class":85},[43,33043,283],{"class":81},[43,33045,800],{"class":53},[43,33047,9622],{"class":63},[43,33049,800],{"class":53},[43,33051,278],{"class":81},[43,33053,30964],{"class":85},[43,33055,283],{"class":81},[43,33057,4209],{"class":53},[14,33059,33060,33061,315],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[18,33062,33063],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[34,33065,33067],{"className":36,"code":33066,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[18,33068,33069,33105,33124,33128],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,33070,33071,33073,33075,33077,33079,33081,33083,33085,33087,33089,33091,33093,33095,33097,33099,33101,33103],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,33072,13525],{"class":207},[43,33074,212],{"class":211},[43,33076,1649],{"class":53},[43,33078,82],{"class":81},[43,33080,7992],{"class":85},[43,33082,82],{"class":81},[43,33084,325],{"class":53},[43,33086,932],{"class":81},[43,33088,8247],{"class":85},[43,33090,82],{"class":81},[43,33092,800],{"class":53},[43,33094,932],{"class":81},[43,33096,9615],{"class":85},[43,33098,82],{"class":81},[43,33100,325],{"class":53},[43,33102,9622],{"class":63},[43,33104,1667],{"class":53},[43,33106,33107,33110,33112,33114,33116,33118,33120,33122],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,33108,33109],{"class":207},"values_list ",[43,33111,212],{"class":211},[43,33113,22883],{"class":57},[43,33115,54],{"class":53},[43,33117,17630],{"class":236},[43,33119,315],{"class":53},[43,33121,5683],{"class":236},[43,33123,341],{"class":53},[43,33125,33126],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,33127,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,33129,33130,33132,33134,33137],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,33131,50],{"class":49},[43,33133,54],{"class":53},[43,33135,33136],{"class":236},"values_list",[43,33138,227],{"class":53},[14,33140,110],{},[34,33142,33144],{"className":36,"code":33143,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['Mia', 25]\n",[18,33145,33146],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,33147,33148,33150,33152,33154,33156,33158,33160],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,33149,4221],{"class":53},[43,33151,283],{"class":81},[43,33153,8247],{"class":85},[43,33155,283],{"class":81},[43,33157,800],{"class":53},[43,33159,9622],{"class":63},[43,33161,3955],{"class":53},[29,33163,11792],{"id":11791},[14,33165,33166],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[34,33168,33170],{"className":36,"code":33169,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,33171,33172,33226,33230,33244,33248,33258],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,33173,33174,33176,33178,33180,33182,33184,33186,33188,33190,33192,33194,33196,33198,33200,33202,33204,33207,33209,33211,33214,33216,33218,33220,33222,33224],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,33175,25120],{"class":207},[43,33177,212],{"class":211},[43,33179,1649],{"class":53},[43,33181,82],{"class":81},[43,33183,25129],{"class":85},[43,33185,82],{"class":81},[43,33187,325],{"class":53},[43,33189,932],{"class":81},[43,33191,25138],{"class":85},[43,33193,82],{"class":81},[43,33195,800],{"class":53},[43,33197,932],{"class":81},[43,33199,25147],{"class":85},[43,33201,82],{"class":81},[43,33203,325],{"class":53},[43,33205,33206],{"class":63}," 2022",[43,33208,800],{"class":53},[43,33210,932],{"class":81},[43,33212,33213],{"class":85},"color",[43,33215,82],{"class":81},[43,33217,325],{"class":53},[43,33219,932],{"class":81},[43,33221,13430],{"class":85},[43,33223,82],{"class":81},[43,33225,1667],{"class":53},[43,33227,33228],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,33229,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,33231,33232,33234,33236,33238,33240,33242],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,33233,1282],{"class":207},[43,33235,212],{"class":211},[43,33237,25169],{"class":207},[43,33239,315],{"class":53},[43,33241,5683],{"class":236},[43,33243,1728],{"class":53},[43,33245,33246],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,33247,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,33249,33250,33252,33254,33256],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,33251,50],{"class":49},[43,33253,54],{"class":53},[43,33255,1306],{"class":236},[43,33257,227],{"class":53},[43,33259,33260,33262,33264,33266,33268,33270],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,33261,50],{"class":49},[43,33263,54],{"class":53},[43,33265,849],{"class":57},[43,33267,54],{"class":53},[43,33269,1306],{"class":236},[43,33271,67],{"class":53},[14,33273,110],{},[34,33275,33277],{"className":36,"code":33276,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[18,33278,33279,33305],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,33280,33281,33283,33285,33287,33289,33291,33293,33295,33297,33299,33301,33303],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,33282,17360],{"class":236},[43,33284,794],{"class":53},[43,33286,283],{"class":81},[43,33288,25138],{"class":85},[43,33290,283],{"class":81},[43,33292,800],{"class":53},[43,33294,33206],{"class":63},[43,33296,800],{"class":53},[43,33298,278],{"class":81},[43,33300,13430],{"class":85},[43,33302,283],{"class":81},[43,33304,4209],{"class":53},[43,33306,33307,33309,33311,33313,33315,33317,33319,33321,33323,33325,33327],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,33308,4221],{"class":53},[43,33310,283],{"class":81},[43,33312,25138],{"class":85},[43,33314,283],{"class":81},[43,33316,800],{"class":53},[43,33318,33206],{"class":63},[43,33320,800],{"class":53},[43,33322,278],{"class":81},[43,33324,13430],{"class":85},[43,33326,283],{"class":81},[43,33328,3955],{"class":53},[14,33330,12001],{},[150,33332,33333,33339,33345,33353],{},[153,33334,33335,33338],{},[18,33336,33337],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[153,33340,33341,33344],{},[18,33342,33343],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[153,33346,33347,33350,33351,24941],{},[18,33348,33349],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[18,33352,17360],{},[153,33354,33355,33358],{},[18,33356,33357],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[29,33360,33362],{"id":33361},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[14,33364,33365,33366,26388],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[18,33367,6284],{},[34,33369,33371],{"className":36,"code":33370,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[18,33372,33373,33417,33421,33437],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,33374,33375,33377,33379,33381,33383,33385,33387,33389,33391,33393,33395,33397,33399,33401,33403,33405,33407,33409,33411,33413,33415],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,33376,5387],{"class":207},[43,33378,212],{"class":211},[43,33380,1649],{"class":53},[43,33382,82],{"class":81},[43,33384,18739],{"class":85},[43,33386,82],{"class":81},[43,33388,325],{"class":53},[43,33390,20221],{"class":63},[43,33392,800],{"class":53},[43,33394,932],{"class":81},[43,33396,31474],{"class":85},[43,33398,82],{"class":81},[43,33400,325],{"class":53},[43,33402,13828],{"class":63},[43,33404,800],{"class":53},[43,33406,932],{"class":81},[43,33408,18748],{"class":85},[43,33410,82],{"class":81},[43,33412,325],{"class":53},[43,33414,29245],{"class":63},[43,33416,1667],{"class":53},[43,33418,33419],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,33420,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,33422,33423,33425,33427,33429,33431,33433,33435],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,33424,6284],{"class":1927},[43,33426,21907],{"class":207},[43,33428,4203],{"class":1927},[43,33430,5434],{"class":207},[43,33432,315],{"class":53},[43,33434,5683],{"class":236},[43,33436,21918],{"class":53},[43,33438,33439,33441,33443,33445],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,33440,1951],{"class":49},[43,33442,54],{"class":53},[43,33444,307],{"class":236},[43,33446,227],{"class":53},[14,33448,110],{},[34,33450,33452],{"className":36,"code":33451,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"90\n85\n88\n",[18,33453,33454,33459,33464],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,33455,33456],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,33457,33458],{"class":63},"90\n",[43,33460,33461],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,33462,33463],{"class":63},"85\n",[43,33465,33466],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,33467,33468],{"class":63},"88\n",[14,33470,18032],{},[150,33472,33473,33476,33479],{},[153,33474,33475],{},"You only need the values",[153,33477,33478],{},"You do not care about the keys",[153,33480,33481],{},"You want simpler code",[14,33483,33484,33485,2172,33489,315],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[189,33486,11051,33487,11055],{"href":17398},[18,33488,17401],{},[189,33490,22798],{"href":33491},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[29,33493,33495],{"id":33494},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[14,33497,133,33498,33500],{},[18,33499,33063],{}," when you need a list.",[34,33502,33504],{"className":36,"code":33503,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[18,33505,33506,33552,33556,33576,33580,33591],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,33507,33508,33511,33513,33515,33517,33519,33521,33523,33525,33527,33529,33531,33533,33535,33537,33539,33541,33544,33546,33548,33550],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,33509,33510],{"class":207},"fruit_prices ",[43,33512,212],{"class":211},[43,33514,1649],{"class":53},[43,33516,82],{"class":81},[43,33518,4401],{"class":85},[43,33520,82],{"class":81},[43,33522,325],{"class":53},[43,33524,803],{"class":63},[43,33526,800],{"class":53},[43,33528,932],{"class":81},[43,33530,4410],{"class":85},[43,33532,82],{"class":81},[43,33534,325],{"class":53},[43,33536,5823],{"class":63},[43,33538,800],{"class":53},[43,33540,932],{"class":81},[43,33542,33543],{"class":85},"orange",[43,33545,82],{"class":81},[43,33547,325],{"class":53},[43,33549,808],{"class":63},[43,33551,1667],{"class":53},[43,33553,33554],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,33555,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,33557,33558,33561,33563,33565,33567,33570,33572,33574],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,33559,33560],{"class":207},"price_list ",[43,33562,212],{"class":211},[43,33564,22883],{"class":57},[43,33566,54],{"class":53},[43,33568,33569],{"class":236},"fruit_prices",[43,33571,315],{"class":53},[43,33573,5683],{"class":236},[43,33575,341],{"class":53},[43,33577,33578],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,33579,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,33581,33582,33584,33586,33589],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,33583,50],{"class":49},[43,33585,54],{"class":53},[43,33587,33588],{"class":236},"price_list",[43,33590,227],{"class":53},[43,33592,33593,33595,33597,33599,33601,33603],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,33594,50],{"class":49},[43,33596,54],{"class":53},[43,33598,33588],{"class":236},[43,33600,4221],{"class":53},[43,33602,2466],{"class":63},[43,33604,4209],{"class":53},[14,33606,110],{},[34,33608,33610],{"className":36,"code":33609,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[18,33611,33612,33628],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,33613,33614,33616,33618,33620,33622,33624,33626],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,33615,4221],{"class":53},[43,33617,447],{"class":63},[43,33619,800],{"class":53},[43,33621,5823],{"class":63},[43,33623,800],{"class":53},[43,33625,808],{"class":63},[43,33627,3955],{"class":53},[43,33629,33630],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,33631,17379],{"class":63},[14,33633,33634],{},"This is helpful for:",[150,33636,33637,33640,33643],{},[153,33638,33639],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[153,33641,33642],{},"Accessing values by index",[153,33644,33645],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[14,33647,4246,33648,33650],{},[18,33649,17360],{}," is not the same as a list.",[29,33652,33654,10901,33656,10901,33658],{"id":33653},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[18,33655,17394],{},[18,33657,17388],{},[18,33659,17401],{},[14,33661,33662],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[150,33664,33665,33670,33675],{},[153,33666,33667,33669],{},[18,33668,17394],{}," returns only the values",[153,33671,33672,33674],{},[18,33673,17388],{}," returns only the keys",[153,33676,33677,33679],{},[18,33678,17401],{}," returns key-value pairs",[14,33681,2472],{},[34,33683,33685],{"className":36,"code":33684,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[18,33686,33687,33723,33727,33741,33755],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,33688,33689,33691,33693,33695,33697,33699,33701,33703,33705,33707,33709,33711,33713,33715,33717,33719,33721],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,33690,13183],{"class":207},[43,33692,212],{"class":211},[43,33694,1649],{"class":53},[43,33696,82],{"class":81},[43,33698,7992],{"class":85},[43,33700,82],{"class":81},[43,33702,325],{"class":53},[43,33704,932],{"class":81},[43,33706,13200],{"class":85},[43,33708,82],{"class":81},[43,33710,800],{"class":53},[43,33712,932],{"class":81},[43,33714,9615],{"class":85},[43,33716,82],{"class":81},[43,33718,325],{"class":53},[43,33720,8115],{"class":63},[43,33722,1667],{"class":53},[43,33724,33725],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,33726,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,33728,33729,33731,33733,33735,33737,33739],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,33730,50],{"class":49},[43,33732,54],{"class":53},[43,33734,13947],{"class":236},[43,33736,315],{"class":53},[43,33738,17246],{"class":236},[43,33740,341],{"class":53},[43,33742,33743,33745,33747,33749,33751,33753],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,33744,50],{"class":49},[43,33746,54],{"class":53},[43,33748,13947],{"class":236},[43,33750,315],{"class":53},[43,33752,5683],{"class":236},[43,33754,341],{"class":53},[43,33756,33757,33759,33761,33763,33765,33767],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,33758,50],{"class":49},[43,33760,54],{"class":53},[43,33762,13947],{"class":236},[43,33764,315],{"class":53},[43,33766,8135],{"class":236},[43,33768,341],{"class":53},[14,33770,110],{},[34,33772,33774],{"className":36,"code":33773,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[18,33775,33776,33798,33816],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,33777,33778,33780,33782,33784,33786,33788,33790,33792,33794,33796],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,33779,17337],{"class":236},[43,33781,794],{"class":53},[43,33783,283],{"class":81},[43,33785,7992],{"class":85},[43,33787,283],{"class":81},[43,33789,800],{"class":53},[43,33791,278],{"class":81},[43,33793,9615],{"class":85},[43,33795,283],{"class":81},[43,33797,4209],{"class":53},[43,33799,33800,33802,33804,33806,33808,33810,33812,33814],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,33801,17360],{"class":236},[43,33803,794],{"class":53},[43,33805,283],{"class":81},[43,33807,13200],{"class":85},[43,33809,283],{"class":81},[43,33811,800],{"class":53},[43,33813,8115],{"class":63},[43,33815,4209],{"class":53},[43,33817,33818,33820,33822,33824,33826,33828,33830,33832],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,33819,22231],{"class":236},[43,33821,9973],{"class":53},[43,33823,283],{"class":81},[43,33825,7992],{"class":85},[43,33827,283],{"class":81},[43,33829,800],{"class":53},[43,33831,8115],{"class":63},[43,33833,10994],{"class":53},[14,33835,19017],{},[150,33837,33838,33845,33852],{},[153,33839,33840,33844],{},[189,33841,33842],{"href":17385},[18,33843,17388],{}," when you need just the keys",[153,33846,33847,33851],{},[189,33848,33849],{"href":17391},[18,33850,17394],{}," when you need just the values",[153,33853,33854,33858],{},[189,33855,33856],{"href":17398},[18,33857,17401],{}," when you need both",[29,33860,4842],{"id":4841},[14,33862,33863,33864,315],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[18,33865,17394],{},[402,33867,29974,33869,33871],{"id":33868},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[18,33870,17394],{}," on the wrong type",[14,33873,33874,33876],{},[18,33875,17394],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[14,33878,16966],{},[34,33880,33882],{"className":36,"code":33881,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[18,33883,33884,33904],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,33885,33886,33888,33890,33892,33894,33896,33898,33900,33902],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,33887,8628],{"class":207},[43,33889,212],{"class":211},[43,33891,3942],{"class":53},[43,33893,797],{"class":63},[43,33895,800],{"class":53},[43,33897,803],{"class":63},[43,33899,800],{"class":53},[43,33901,808],{"class":63},[43,33903,3955],{"class":53},[43,33905,33906,33908,33910,33912,33914,33916],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,33907,50],{"class":49},[43,33909,54],{"class":53},[43,33911,8659],{"class":236},[43,33913,315],{"class":53},[43,33915,5683],{"class":236},[43,33917,341],{"class":53},[14,33919,33920,33921,33923],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[18,33922,17394],{}," method.",[14,33925,33926],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[34,33928,33930],{"className":36,"code":33929,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(my_list))\n",[18,33931,33932],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,33933,33934,33936,33938,33940,33942,33944],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,33935,50],{"class":49},[43,33937,54],{"class":53},[43,33939,248],{"class":57},[43,33941,54],{"class":53},[43,33943,8659],{"class":236},[43,33945,67],{"class":53},[14,33947,33948,33949,33951,33952,315],{},"If you get an ",[18,33950,25995],{},", see ",[189,33953,26003,33954,33956],{"href":26002},[18,33955,26006],{}," errors",[402,33958,4903,33960,33962],{"id":33959},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[18,33961,17394],{}," returns a list",[14,33964,33965],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[34,33967,33969],{"className":36,"code":33968,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,33970,33971,34007,34021,34025],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,33972,33973,33975,33977,33979,33981,33983,33985,33987,33989,33991,33993,33995,33997,33999,34001,34003,34005],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,33974,13183],{"class":207},[43,33976,212],{"class":211},[43,33978,1649],{"class":53},[43,33980,82],{"class":81},[43,33982,7992],{"class":85},[43,33984,82],{"class":81},[43,33986,325],{"class":53},[43,33988,932],{"class":81},[43,33990,13200],{"class":85},[43,33992,82],{"class":81},[43,33994,800],{"class":53},[43,33996,932],{"class":81},[43,33998,9615],{"class":85},[43,34000,82],{"class":81},[43,34002,325],{"class":53},[43,34004,8115],{"class":63},[43,34006,1667],{"class":53},[43,34008,34009,34011,34013,34015,34017,34019],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,34010,4144],{"class":207},[43,34012,212],{"class":211},[43,34014,13226],{"class":207},[43,34016,315],{"class":53},[43,34018,5683],{"class":236},[43,34020,1728],{"class":53},[43,34022,34023],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,34024,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,34026,34027,34029,34031,34033,34035,34037],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,34028,50],{"class":49},[43,34030,54],{"class":53},[43,34032,248],{"class":57},[43,34034,54],{"class":53},[43,34036,5683],{"class":236},[43,34038,67],{"class":53},[14,34040,110],{},[34,34042,34044],{"className":36,"code":34043,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[18,34045,34046],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,34047,34048,34050,34052,34054,34056,34058],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,34049,271],{"class":211},[43,34051,275],{"class":274},[43,34053,278],{"class":81},[43,34055,17360],{"class":85},[43,34057,283],{"class":81},[43,34059,286],{"class":211},[14,34061,2206,34062,34064],{},[18,34063,17360],{},", not a list.",[14,34066,34067],{},"If you need a list:",[34,34069,34071],{"className":36,"code":34070,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = list(student.values())\n",[18,34072,34073],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,34074,34075,34077,34079,34081,34083,34085,34087,34089],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,34076,4144],{"class":207},[43,34078,212],{"class":211},[43,34080,22883],{"class":57},[43,34082,54],{"class":53},[43,34084,13947],{"class":236},[43,34086,315],{"class":53},[43,34088,5683],{"class":236},[43,34090,341],{"class":53},[402,34092,34094,34095],{"id":34093},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[18,34096,17360],{},[14,34098,34099],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[34,34101,34103],{"className":36,"code":34102,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[18,34104,34105,34141,34155,34159],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,34106,34107,34109,34111,34113,34115,34117,34119,34121,34123,34125,34127,34129,34131,34133,34135,34137,34139],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,34108,13183],{"class":207},[43,34110,212],{"class":211},[43,34112,1649],{"class":53},[43,34114,82],{"class":81},[43,34116,7992],{"class":85},[43,34118,82],{"class":81},[43,34120,325],{"class":53},[43,34122,932],{"class":81},[43,34124,13200],{"class":85},[43,34126,82],{"class":81},[43,34128,800],{"class":53},[43,34130,932],{"class":81},[43,34132,9615],{"class":85},[43,34134,82],{"class":81},[43,34136,325],{"class":53},[43,34138,8115],{"class":63},[43,34140,1667],{"class":53},[43,34142,34143,34145,34147,34149,34151,34153],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,34144,4144],{"class":207},[43,34146,212],{"class":211},[43,34148,13226],{"class":207},[43,34150,315],{"class":53},[43,34152,5683],{"class":236},[43,34154,1728],{"class":53},[43,34156,34157],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,34158,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,34160,34161],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,34162,34163],{"class":3984},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[14,34165,34166],{},"Convert to a list first:",[34,34168,34170],{"className":36,"code":34169,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[18,34171,34172,34208,34226,34230],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,34173,34174,34176,34178,34180,34182,34184,34186,34188,34190,34192,34194,34196,34198,34200,34202,34204,34206],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,34175,13183],{"class":207},[43,34177,212],{"class":211},[43,34179,1649],{"class":53},[43,34181,82],{"class":81},[43,34183,7992],{"class":85},[43,34185,82],{"class":81},[43,34187,325],{"class":53},[43,34189,932],{"class":81},[43,34191,13200],{"class":85},[43,34193,82],{"class":81},[43,34195,800],{"class":53},[43,34197,932],{"class":81},[43,34199,9615],{"class":85},[43,34201,82],{"class":81},[43,34203,325],{"class":53},[43,34205,8115],{"class":63},[43,34207,1667],{"class":53},[43,34209,34210,34212,34214,34216,34218,34220,34222,34224],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,34211,4144],{"class":207},[43,34213,212],{"class":211},[43,34215,22883],{"class":57},[43,34217,54],{"class":53},[43,34219,13947],{"class":236},[43,34221,315],{"class":53},[43,34223,5683],{"class":236},[43,34225,341],{"class":53},[43,34227,34228],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,34229,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,34231,34232,34234,34236,34238,34240,34242],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,34233,50],{"class":49},[43,34235,54],{"class":53},[43,34237,5683],{"class":236},[43,34239,4221],{"class":53},[43,34241,2466],{"class":63},[43,34243,4209],{"class":53},[402,34245,8738,34247,11407,34249],{"id":34246},"using-values-instead-of-values",[18,34248,5683],{},[18,34250,17394],{},[14,34252,34253],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[34,34255,34257],{"className":36,"code":34256,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[18,34258,34259,34295,34299],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,34260,34261,34263,34265,34267,34269,34271,34273,34275,34277,34279,34281,34283,34285,34287,34289,34291,34293],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,34262,13183],{"class":207},[43,34264,212],{"class":211},[43,34266,1649],{"class":53},[43,34268,82],{"class":81},[43,34270,7992],{"class":85},[43,34272,82],{"class":81},[43,34274,325],{"class":53},[43,34276,932],{"class":81},[43,34278,13200],{"class":85},[43,34280,82],{"class":81},[43,34282,800],{"class":53},[43,34284,932],{"class":81},[43,34286,9615],{"class":85},[43,34288,82],{"class":81},[43,34290,325],{"class":53},[43,34292,8115],{"class":63},[43,34294,1667],{"class":53},[43,34296,34297],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,34298,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,34300,34301,34303,34305,34307,34309,34311],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,34302,50],{"class":49},[43,34304,54],{"class":53},[43,34306,13947],{"class":236},[43,34308,315],{"class":53},[43,34310,5683],{"class":25074},[43,34312,227],{"class":53},[14,34314,34315,34318],{},[18,34316,34317],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[14,34320,19017],{},[34,34322,34324],{"className":36,"code":34323,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(student.values())\n",[18,34325,34326],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,34327,34328,34330,34332,34334,34336,34338],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,34329,50],{"class":49},[43,34331,54],{"class":53},[43,34333,13947],{"class":236},[43,34335,315],{"class":53},[43,34337,5683],{"class":236},[43,34339,341],{"class":53},[402,34341,34343],{"id":34342},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[14,34345,34346],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[34,34348,34350],{"className":36,"code":34349,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[18,34351,34352,34384],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,34353,34354,34356,34358,34360,34362,34364,34366,34368,34370,34372,34374,34376,34378,34380,34382],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,34355,9481],{"class":207},[43,34357,212],{"class":211},[43,34359,1649],{"class":53},[43,34361,82],{"class":81},[43,34363,189],{"class":85},[43,34365,82],{"class":81},[43,34367,325],{"class":53},[43,34369,5823],{"class":63},[43,34371,800],{"class":53},[43,34373,932],{"class":81},[43,34375,1231],{"class":85},[43,34377,82],{"class":81},[43,34379,325],{"class":53},[43,34381,803],{"class":63},[43,34383,1667],{"class":53},[43,34385,34386,34388,34390,34392,34394,34396],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,34387,50],{"class":49},[43,34389,54],{"class":53},[43,34391,9520],{"class":236},[43,34393,315],{"class":53},[43,34395,5683],{"class":236},[43,34397,341],{"class":53},[14,34399,34400],{},"Not like this:",[34,34402,34404],{"className":36,"code":34403,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[18,34405,34406,34411,34416],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,34407,34408],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,34409,34410],{"class":3984},"# Wrong examples:\n",[43,34412,34413],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,34414,34415],{"class":3984},"# data().values()\n",[43,34417,34418],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,34419,34420],{"class":3984},"# values(data)\n",[14,34422,3659],{},[34,34424,34426],{"className":36,"code":34425,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[18,34427,34428,34442,34452,34466],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,34429,34430,34432,34434,34436,34438,34440],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,34431,50],{"class":49},[43,34433,54],{"class":53},[43,34435,248],{"class":57},[43,34437,54],{"class":53},[43,34439,11766],{"class":236},[43,34441,67],{"class":53},[43,34443,34444,34446,34448,34450],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,34445,50],{"class":49},[43,34447,54],{"class":53},[43,34449,11766],{"class":236},[43,34451,227],{"class":53},[43,34453,34454,34456,34458,34460,34462,34464],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,34455,50],{"class":49},[43,34457,54],{"class":53},[43,34459,11766],{"class":236},[43,34461,315],{"class":53},[43,34463,5683],{"class":236},[43,34465,341],{"class":53},[43,34467,34468,34470,34472,34474,34476,34478,34480,34482],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,34469,50],{"class":49},[43,34471,54],{"class":53},[43,34473,849],{"class":57},[43,34475,54],{"class":53},[43,34477,11766],{"class":236},[43,34479,315],{"class":53},[43,34481,5683],{"class":236},[43,34483,6616],{"class":53},[29,34485,2162],{"id":2161},[402,34487,5466,34489,5469],{"id":34488},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[18,34490,32642],{},[14,34492,17743,34493,34495],{},[18,34494,17360],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[402,34497,13023,34499,24255],{"id":34498},"does-values-return-a-list",[18,34500,17394],{},[14,34502,24258,34503,24262],{},[18,34504,34505],{},"list(...)",[402,34507,26380,34509,2822],{"id":34508},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[18,34510,32642],{},[14,34512,34513,34514,26388],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[18,34515,6284],{},[402,34517,13023,34519,34521],{"id":34518},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[18,34520,32642],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[14,34523,34524],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[402,34526,34528,34529,34531,34532,2822],{"id":34527},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[18,34530,17394],{}," different from ",[18,34533,17401],{},[14,34535,34536,34538,34539,34541],{},[18,34537,17394],{}," returns only values. ",[18,34540,17401],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[29,34543,2229],{"id":2228},[150,34545,34546,34552,34558,34562,34568,34572],{},[153,34547,34548],{},[189,34549,11051,34550,11055],{"href":17385},[18,34551,17388],{},[153,34553,34554],{},[189,34555,11051,34556,11055],{"href":17398},[18,34557,17401],{},[153,34559,34560],{},[189,34561,11558],{"href":9706},[153,34563,34564],{},[189,34565,34567],{"href":34566},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[153,34569,34570],{},[189,34571,24340],{"href":33491},[153,34573,34574],{},[189,34575,30668,34576],{"href":26002},[18,34577,34578],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2262,34580,34581],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":34583},[34584,34585,34587,34588,34590,34591,34592,34593,34595,34606,34618],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":32812,"depth":70,"text":34586},"What values() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":32882,"depth":70,"text":34589},"What values() returns",{"id":11791,"depth":70,"text":11792},{"id":33361,"depth":70,"text":33362},{"id":33494,"depth":70,"text":33495},{"id":33653,"depth":70,"text":34594},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4841,"depth":70,"text":4842,"children":34596},[34597,34599,34601,34603,34605],{"id":33868,"depth":93,"text":34598},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33959,"depth":93,"text":34600},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":34093,"depth":93,"text":34602},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34246,"depth":93,"text":34604},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34342,"depth":93,"text":34343},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":34607},[34608,34610,34612,34614,34616],{"id":34488,"depth":93,"text":34609},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34498,"depth":93,"text":34611},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34508,"depth":93,"text":34613},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34518,"depth":93,"text":34615},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34527,"depth":93,"text":34617},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32629,"description":34619},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34625,"title":34626,"body":34627,"description":36056,"extension":2312,"meta":36057,"navigation":958,"path":36058,"seo":36059,"stem":36060,"__hash__":36061},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34628,"toc":36008},[34629,34635,34640,34643,34659,34668,34670,34702,34708,34711,34806,34809,34814,34819,34822,34833,34835,34849,34855,34857,34862,34868,34871,34910,34918,34923,34926,34971,34974,34986,34992,34998,35002,35033,35036,35054,35057,35061,35100,35102,35122,35125,35137,35142,35148,35151,35206,35209,35220,35223,35234,35237,35241,35247,35249,35279,35282,35297,35300,35303,35322,35325,35341,35350,35352,35383,35389,35394,35397,35404,35435,35438,35460,35463,35466,35480,35484,35515,35530,35537,35544,35548,35556,35560,35568,35571,35620,35631,35633,35636,35642,35647,35657,35661,35664,35667,35671,35674,35676,35697,35701,35707,35718,35724,35726,35732,35756,35759,35822,35825,35853,35856,35918,35920,35925,35928,35935,35943,35950,35953,35961,35967,35969,35996,36005],[10,34630,3894,34632,3898],{"id":34631},"python-dir-function-explained",[18,34633,34634],{},"dir()",[14,34636,32639,34637,34639],{},[18,34638,34634],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[14,34641,34642],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[150,34644,34645,34648,34651,34656],{},[153,34646,34647],{},"learning Python",[153,34649,34650],{},"exploring a new object",[153,34652,34653,34654],{},"debugging an ",[18,34655,25995],{},[153,34657,34658],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[14,34660,34661,34662,34664,34665],{},"In short, ",[18,34663,34634],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[913,34666,34667],{},"“What can I use here?”",[29,34669,32],{"id":31},[34,34671,34673],{"className":36,"code":34672,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[18,34674,34675,34687],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,34676,34677,34679,34681,34683,34685],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,34678,8202],{"class":207},[43,34680,212],{"class":211},[43,34682,932],{"class":81},[43,34684,710],{"class":85},[43,34686,938],{"class":81},[43,34688,34689,34691,34693,34696,34698,34700],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,34690,50],{"class":49},[43,34692,54],{"class":53},[43,34694,34695],{"class":49},"dir",[43,34697,54],{"class":53},[43,34699,7992],{"class":236},[43,34701,67],{"class":53},[14,34703,133,34704,34707],{},[18,34705,34706],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[14,34709,34710],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[34,34712,34714],{"className":36,"code":34713,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[18,34715,34716],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,34717,34718,34720,34722,34725,34727,34729,34731,34734,34736,34738,34740,34743,34745,34747,34749,34752,34754,34756,34758,34761,34763,34765,34767,34770,34772,34774,34778,34780,34782,34784,34786,34788,34790,34793,34795,34797,34799,34802,34804],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,34719,4221],{"class":53},[43,34721,283],{"class":81},[43,34723,34724],{"class":85},"__add__",[43,34726,283],{"class":81},[43,34728,800],{"class":53},[43,34730,278],{"class":81},[43,34732,34733],{"class":85},"__class__",[43,34735,283],{"class":81},[43,34737,800],{"class":53},[43,34739,278],{"class":81},[43,34741,34742],{"class":85},"__contains__",[43,34744,283],{"class":81},[43,34746,800],{"class":53},[43,34748,278],{"class":81},[43,34750,34751],{"class":85},"__delattr__",[43,34753,283],{"class":81},[43,34755,800],{"class":53},[43,34757,278],{"class":81},[43,34759,34760],{"class":85},"__dir__",[43,34762,283],{"class":81},[43,34764,800],{"class":53},[43,34766,278],{"class":81},[43,34768,34769],{"class":85},"__doc__",[43,34771,283],{"class":81},[43,34773,800],{"class":53},[43,34775,34777],{"class":34776},"s_hVV"," ...",[43,34779,800],{"class":53},[43,34781,278],{"class":81},[43,34783,8959],{"class":85},[43,34785,283],{"class":81},[43,34787,800],{"class":53},[43,34789,278],{"class":81},[43,34791,34792],{"class":85},"split",[43,34794,283],{"class":81},[43,34796,800],{"class":53},[43,34798,278],{"class":81},[43,34800,34801],{"class":85},"upper",[43,34803,283],{"class":81},[43,34805,3955],{"class":53},[14,34807,34808],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[29,34810,3998,34812,4001],{"id":34811},"what-dir-does",[18,34813,34634],{},[14,34815,34816,34818],{},[18,34817,34634],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[14,34820,34821],{},"It usually includes:",[150,34823,34824,34827,34830],{},[153,34825,34826],{},"attributes",[153,34828,34829],{},"methods",[153,34831,34832],{},"special Python names",[14,34834,11775],{},[150,34836,34837,34843,34846],{},[153,34838,34839,34840],{},"The result is a ",[913,34841,34842],{},"list of strings",[153,34844,34845],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[153,34847,34848],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[14,34850,34851,34852,34854],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[18,34853,34634],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[29,34856,290],{"id":289},[14,34858,34859,34861],{},[18,34860,34634],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[402,34863,34865,34867],{"id":34864},"dir-with-no-argument",[18,34866,34634],{}," with no argument",[14,34869,34870],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[34,34872,34874],{"className":36,"code":34873,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[18,34875,34876,34884,34896,34900],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,34877,34878,34880,34882],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,34879,3347],{"class":207},[43,34881,212],{"class":211},[43,34883,2916],{"class":63},[43,34885,34886,34888,34890,34892,34894],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,34887,8202],{"class":207},[43,34889,212],{"class":211},[43,34891,932],{"class":81},[43,34893,8001],{"class":85},[43,34895,938],{"class":81},[43,34897,34898],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,34899,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,34901,34902,34904,34906,34908],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,34903,50],{"class":49},[43,34905,54],{"class":53},[43,34907,34695],{"class":49},[43,34909,341],{"class":53},[14,34911,34912,34913,895,34915,34917],{},"This will show names such as ",[18,34914,2519],{},[18,34916,7992],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[402,34919,34921],{"id":34920},"dirobject",[18,34922,34706],{},[14,34924,34925],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[34,34927,34929],{"className":36,"code":34928,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,34930,34931,34949],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,34932,34933,34935,34937,34939,34941,34943,34945,34947],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,34934,50],{"class":49},[43,34936,54],{"class":53},[43,34938,34695],{"class":49},[43,34940,54],{"class":53},[43,34942,82],{"class":81},[43,34944,710],{"class":85},[43,34946,82],{"class":81},[43,34948,67],{"class":53},[43,34950,34951,34953,34955,34957,34959,34961,34963,34965,34967,34969],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,34952,50],{"class":49},[43,34954,54],{"class":53},[43,34956,34695],{"class":49},[43,34958,794],{"class":53},[43,34960,797],{"class":63},[43,34962,800],{"class":53},[43,34964,803],{"class":63},[43,34966,800],{"class":53},[43,34968,808],{"class":63},[43,34970,811],{"class":53},[14,34972,34973],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[150,34975,34976,34978,34980,34983],{},[153,34977,5633],{},[153,34979,5624],{},[153,34981,34982],{},"modules",[153,34984,34985],{},"custom objects",[29,34987,8738,34989,34991],{"id":34988},"using-dir-with-a-value",[18,34990,34634],{}," with a value",[14,34993,34994,34995,34997],{},"A common use of ",[18,34996,34634],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[402,34999,35001],{"id":35000},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[34,35003,35005],{"className":36,"code":35004,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[18,35006,35007,35019],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,35008,35009,35011,35013,35015,35017],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,35010,927],{"class":207},[43,35012,212],{"class":211},[43,35014,932],{"class":81},[43,35016,710],{"class":85},[43,35018,938],{"class":81},[43,35020,35021,35023,35025,35027,35029,35031],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,35022,50],{"class":49},[43,35024,54],{"class":53},[43,35026,34695],{"class":49},[43,35028,54],{"class":53},[43,35030,951],{"class":236},[43,35032,67],{"class":53},[14,35034,35035],{},"You will see method names like:",[150,35037,35038,35042,35046,35050],{},[153,35039,35040],{},[18,35041,8959],{},[153,35043,35044],{},[18,35045,34801],{},[153,35047,35048],{},[18,35049,34792],{},[153,35051,35052],{},[18,35053,1725],{},[14,35055,35056],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[402,35058,35060],{"id":35059},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[34,35062,35064],{"className":36,"code":35063,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[18,35065,35066,35086],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,35067,35068,35070,35072,35074,35076,35078,35080,35082,35084],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,35069,3937],{"class":207},[43,35071,212],{"class":211},[43,35073,3942],{"class":53},[43,35075,797],{"class":63},[43,35077,800],{"class":53},[43,35079,803],{"class":63},[43,35081,800],{"class":53},[43,35083,808],{"class":63},[43,35085,3955],{"class":53},[43,35087,35088,35090,35092,35094,35096,35098],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,35089,50],{"class":49},[43,35091,54],{"class":53},[43,35093,34695],{"class":49},[43,35095,54],{"class":53},[43,35097,3969],{"class":236},[43,35099,67],{"class":53},[14,35101,35035],{},[150,35103,35104,35108,35112,35117],{},[153,35105,35106],{},[18,35107,13874],{},[153,35109,35110],{},[18,35111,26565],{},[153,35113,35114],{},[18,35115,35116],{},"remove",[153,35118,35119],{},[18,35120,35121],{},"sort",[14,35123,35124],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[14,35126,35127,35128,35133,35134,35136],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[189,35129,35131],{"href":35130},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[18,35132,2642],{}," can help first. Then ",[18,35135,34634],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[29,35138,8738,35140,34867],{"id":35139},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[18,35141,34634],{},[14,35143,35144,35145,35147],{},"When used with no argument, ",[18,35146,34634],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[14,35149,35150],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[34,35152,35154],{"className":36,"code":35153,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[18,35155,35156,35165,35169,35180,35192,35196],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,35157,35158,35160,35162],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,35159,3347],{"class":207},[43,35161,212],{"class":211},[43,35163,35164],{"class":63}," 5\n",[43,35166,35167],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,35168,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,35170,35171,35174,35178],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,35172,35173],{"class":274},"def",[43,35175,35177],{"class":35176},"sGLFI"," greet",[43,35179,21918],{"class":53},[43,35181,35182,35185,35187,35190],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,35183,35184],{"class":1927},"    return",[43,35186,932],{"class":81},[43,35188,35189],{"class":85},"Hello",[43,35191,938],{"class":81},[43,35193,35194],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,35195,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,35197,35198,35200,35202,35204],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,35199,50],{"class":49},[43,35201,54],{"class":53},[43,35203,34695],{"class":49},[43,35205,341],{"class":53},[14,35207,35208],{},"The output will include names like:",[150,35210,35211,35215],{},[153,35212,35213],{},[18,35214,2519],{},[153,35216,35217],{},[18,35218,35219],{},"greet",[14,35221,35222],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[150,35224,35225,35228,35231],{},[153,35226,35227],{},"what variables exist",[153,35229,35230],{},"what functions you have defined",[153,35232,35233],{},"what names are currently available",[14,35235,35236],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[29,35238,35240],{"id":35239},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[14,35242,35243,35244,35246],{},"When you first use ",[18,35245,34634],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[14,35248,197],{},[34,35250,35251],{"className":36,"code":35004,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,35252,35253,35265],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,35254,35255,35257,35259,35261,35263],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,35256,927],{"class":207},[43,35258,212],{"class":211},[43,35260,932],{"class":81},[43,35262,710],{"class":85},[43,35264,938],{"class":81},[43,35266,35267,35269,35271,35273,35275,35277],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,35268,50],{"class":49},[43,35270,54],{"class":53},[43,35272,34695],{"class":49},[43,35274,54],{"class":53},[43,35276,951],{"class":236},[43,35278,67],{"class":53},[14,35280,35281],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[150,35283,35284,35288,35292],{},[153,35285,35286],{},[18,35287,34733],{},[153,35289,35290],{},[18,35291,34769],{},[153,35293,35294],{},[18,35295,35296],{},"__len__",[14,35298,35299],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[14,35301,35302],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[150,35304,35305,35309,35313,35317],{},[153,35306,35307],{},[18,35308,34801],{},[153,35310,35311],{},[18,35312,8959],{},[153,35314,35315],{},[18,35316,34792],{},[153,35318,35319],{},[18,35320,35321],{},"replace",[14,35323,35324],{},"A key point to remember:",[150,35326,35327,35335],{},[153,35328,35329,35331,35332],{},[18,35330,34634],{}," lists ",[913,35333,35334],{},"names only",[153,35336,35337,35338,35340],{},"it does ",[913,35339,734],{}," explain what each name does",[14,35342,35343,35344,315],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[189,35345,35347],{"href":35346},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[18,35348,35349],{},"help()",[14,35351,5797],{},[34,35353,35355],{"className":36,"code":35354,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,35356,35357,35369],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,35358,35359,35361,35363,35365,35367],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,35360,8202],{"class":207},[43,35362,212],{"class":211},[43,35364,932],{"class":81},[43,35366,710],{"class":85},[43,35368,938],{"class":81},[43,35370,35371,35373,35375,35377,35379,35381],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,35372,32474],{"class":49},[43,35374,54],{"class":53},[43,35376,7992],{"class":236},[43,35378,315],{"class":53},[43,35380,34801],{"class":25074},[43,35382,227],{"class":53},[29,35384,35386,35388],{"id":35385},"dir-on-modules",[18,35387,34634],{}," on modules",[14,35390,16036,35391,35393],{},[18,35392,34634],{}," on modules after importing them.",[14,35395,35396],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[402,35398,35400,35401,35403],{"id":35399},"example-math-module","Example: ",[18,35402,18739],{}," module",[34,35405,35407],{"className":36,"code":35406,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[18,35408,35409,35417,35421],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,35410,35411,35414],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,35412,35413],{"class":1927},"import",[43,35415,35416],{"class":207}," math\n",[43,35418,35419],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,35420,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,35422,35423,35425,35427,35429,35431,35433],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,35424,50],{"class":49},[43,35426,54],{"class":53},[43,35428,34695],{"class":49},[43,35430,54],{"class":53},[43,35432,18739],{"class":236},[43,35434,67],{"class":53},[14,35436,35437],{},"You may see names like:",[150,35439,35440,35445,35450,35455],{},[153,35441,35442],{},[18,35443,35444],{},"sqrt",[153,35446,35447],{},[18,35448,35449],{},"ceil",[153,35451,35452],{},[18,35453,35454],{},"floor",[153,35456,35457],{},[18,35458,35459],{},"pi",[14,35461,35462],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[14,35464,35465],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[150,35467,35468,35474],{},[153,35469,35470],{},[189,35471,35473],{"href":35472},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[153,35475,35476],{},[189,35477,35479],{"href":35478},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[402,35481,35483],{"id":35482},"another-example","Another example",[34,35485,35487],{"className":36,"code":35486,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[18,35488,35489,35496,35500],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,35490,35491,35493],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,35492,35413],{"class":1927},[43,35494,35495],{"class":207}," json\n",[43,35497,35498],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,35499,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,35501,35502,35504,35506,35508,35510,35513],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,35503,50],{"class":49},[43,35505,54],{"class":53},[43,35507,34695],{"class":49},[43,35509,54],{"class":53},[43,35511,35512],{"class":236},"json",[43,35514,67],{"class":53},[14,35516,35517,35518,2534,35521,2534,35524,17395,35527,315],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[18,35519,35520],{},"dump",[18,35522,35523],{},"dumps",[18,35525,35526],{},"load",[18,35528,35529],{},"loads",[29,35531,35533,10901,35535],{"id":35532},"dir-vs-help",[18,35534,34634],{},[18,35536,35349],{},[14,35538,35539,895,35541,35543],{},[18,35540,34634],{},[18,35542,35349],{}," are often used together.",[402,35545,35546],{"id":34695},[18,35547,34634],{},[150,35549,35550,35553],{},[153,35551,35552],{},"shows available names",[153,35554,35555],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[402,35557,35558],{"id":32474},[18,35559,35349],{},[150,35561,35562,35565],{},[153,35563,35564],{},"explains what an object or function does",[153,35566,35567],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[14,35569,35570],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[34,35572,35574],{"className":36,"code":35573,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,35575,35576,35588,35592,35606],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,35577,35578,35580,35582,35584,35586],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,35579,8202],{"class":207},[43,35581,212],{"class":211},[43,35583,932],{"class":81},[43,35585,710],{"class":85},[43,35587,938],{"class":81},[43,35589,35590],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,35591,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,35593,35594,35596,35598,35600,35602,35604],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,35595,50],{"class":49},[43,35597,54],{"class":53},[43,35599,34695],{"class":49},[43,35601,54],{"class":53},[43,35603,7992],{"class":236},[43,35605,67],{"class":53},[43,35607,35608,35610,35612,35614,35616,35618],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,35609,32474],{"class":49},[43,35611,54],{"class":53},[43,35613,7992],{"class":236},[43,35615,315],{"class":53},[43,35617,34801],{"class":25074},[43,35619,227],{"class":53},[14,35621,133,35622,35624,35625,35627,35628,35630],{},[18,35623,34634],{}," first to find a method name.",[10162,35626],{},"\nThen use ",[18,35629,35349],{}," to understand how to use it.",[29,35632,25681],{"id":25680},[14,35634,35635],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[402,35637,35639,35641],{"id":35638},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[18,35640,34634],{}," returns names, not values",[14,35643,35644,35646],{},[18,35645,34634],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[14,35648,35649,35650,35652,35653,35656],{},"For example, seeing ",[18,35651,34801],{}," in ",[18,35654,35655],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[402,35658,35660],{"id":35659},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[14,35662,35663],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[14,35665,35666],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[402,35668,35670],{"id":35669},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[14,35672,35673],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[14,35675,5797],{},[150,35677,35678,35683,35689],{},[153,35679,35680,35682],{},[18,35681,35655],{}," shows string-related names",[153,35684,35685,35688],{},[18,35686,35687],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[153,35690,35691,35694,35695,35403],{},[18,35692,35693],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[18,35696,18739],{},[402,35698,35700],{"id":35699},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[14,35702,35703,35704,35706],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[18,35705,34634],{}," does not mean you already know:",[150,35708,35709,35712,35715],{},[153,35710,35711],{},"what it does",[153,35713,35714],{},"what arguments it needs",[153,35716,35717],{},"what it returns",[14,35719,35720,35721,35723],{},"That is why ",[18,35722,35349],{}," is the natural next step.",[29,35725,3160],{"id":3159},[14,35727,35728,35729,35731],{},"Beginners often use ",[18,35730,34634],{}," in these situations:",[150,35733,35734,35737,35746,35749],{},[153,35735,35736],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[153,35738,35739,35740,35745],{},"Seeing an ",[189,35741,35743],{"href":35742},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[18,35744,25995],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[153,35747,35748],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[153,35750,8738,35751,35753,35754],{},[18,35752,34634],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[18,35755,35349],{},[14,35757,35758],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[34,35760,35762],{"className":36,"code":35761,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,35763,35764,35776,35780,35794,35808],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,35765,35766,35768,35770,35772,35774],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,35767,8202],{"class":207},[43,35769,212],{"class":211},[43,35771,932],{"class":81},[43,35773,710],{"class":85},[43,35775,938],{"class":81},[43,35777,35778],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,35779,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,35781,35782,35784,35786,35788,35790,35792],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,35783,50],{"class":49},[43,35785,54],{"class":53},[43,35787,248],{"class":57},[43,35789,54],{"class":53},[43,35791,7992],{"class":236},[43,35793,67],{"class":53},[43,35795,35796,35798,35800,35802,35804,35806],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,35797,50],{"class":49},[43,35799,54],{"class":53},[43,35801,34695],{"class":49},[43,35803,54],{"class":53},[43,35805,7992],{"class":236},[43,35807,67],{"class":53},[43,35809,35810,35812,35814,35816,35818,35820],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,35811,32474],{"class":49},[43,35813,54],{"class":53},[43,35815,7992],{"class":236},[43,35817,315],{"class":53},[43,35819,34801],{"class":25074},[43,35821,227],{"class":53},[14,35823,35824],{},"And for modules:",[34,35826,35827],{"className":36,"code":35406,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,35828,35829,35835,35839],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,35830,35831,35833],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,35832,35413],{"class":1927},[43,35834,35416],{"class":207},[43,35836,35837],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,35838,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,35840,35841,35843,35845,35847,35849,35851],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,35842,50],{"class":49},[43,35844,54],{"class":53},[43,35846,34695],{"class":49},[43,35848,54],{"class":53},[43,35850,18739],{"class":236},[43,35852,67],{"class":53},[14,35854,35855],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[34,35857,35859],{"className":36,"code":35858,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[18,35860,35861,35866,35878,35888,35902,35908],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,35862,35863],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,35864,35865],{"class":207},"python\n",[43,35867,35868,35870,35872,35874,35876],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,35869,8202],{"class":207},[43,35871,212],{"class":211},[43,35873,932],{"class":81},[43,35875,710],{"class":85},[43,35877,938],{"class":81},[43,35879,35880,35882,35884,35886],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,35881,34695],{"class":49},[43,35883,54],{"class":53},[43,35885,7992],{"class":236},[43,35887,227],{"class":53},[43,35889,35890,35892,35894,35896,35898,35900],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,35891,32474],{"class":49},[43,35893,54],{"class":53},[43,35895,7992],{"class":236},[43,35897,315],{"class":53},[43,35899,34801],{"class":25074},[43,35901,227],{"class":53},[43,35903,35904,35906],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,35905,35413],{"class":1927},[43,35907,35416],{"class":207},[43,35909,35910,35912,35914,35916],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,35911,34695],{"class":49},[43,35913,54],{"class":53},[43,35915,18739],{"class":236},[43,35917,227],{"class":53},[29,35919,2162],{"id":2161},[402,35921,5466,35923,5469],{"id":35922},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[18,35924,34634],{},[14,35926,35927],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[402,35929,5503,35931,895,35933,2822],{"id":35930},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[18,35932,34634],{},[18,35934,35349],{},[14,35936,35937,35939,35940,35942],{},[18,35938,34634],{}," lists available names. ",[18,35941,35349],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[402,35944,35946,35947,35949],{"id":35945},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[18,35948,34634],{}," output?",[14,35951,35952],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[402,35954,5493,35956,35958,35959,2822],{"id":35955},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[18,35957,34634],{}," help fix ",[18,35960,25995],{},[14,35962,35963,35964,315],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[189,35965,35966],{"href":35742},"object has no attribute",[29,35968,2229],{"id":2228},[150,35970,35971,35977,35982,35986,35990],{},[153,35972,35973],{},[189,35974,3894,35975,3827],{"href":35346},[18,35976,35349],{},[153,35978,35979],{},[189,35980,35981],{"href":35742},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[153,35983,35984],{},[189,35985,35473],{"href":35472},[153,35987,35988],{},[189,35989,35479],{"href":35478},[153,35991,35992],{},[189,35993,3894,35994,3827],{"href":35130},[18,35995,2642],{},[14,35997,35998,35999,36001,36002,36004],{},"A good habit is to use ",[18,36000,34634],{}," together with ",[18,36003,35349],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2262,36006,36007],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":36009},[36010,36011,36013,36018,36023,36025,36026,36032,36037,36044,36045,36055],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":34811,"depth":70,"text":36012},"What dir() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290,"children":36014},[36015,36017],{"id":34864,"depth":93,"text":36016},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34920,"depth":93,"text":34706},{"id":34988,"depth":70,"text":36019,"children":36020},"Using dir() with a value",[36021,36022],{"id":35000,"depth":93,"text":35001},{"id":35059,"depth":93,"text":35060},{"id":35139,"depth":70,"text":36024},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35239,"depth":70,"text":35240},{"id":35385,"depth":70,"text":36027,"children":36028},"dir() on modules",[36029,36031],{"id":35399,"depth":93,"text":36030},"Example: math module",{"id":35482,"depth":93,"text":35483},{"id":35532,"depth":70,"text":36033,"children":36034},"dir() vs help()",[36035,36036],{"id":34695,"depth":93,"text":34634},{"id":32474,"depth":93,"text":35349},{"id":25680,"depth":70,"text":25681,"children":36038},[36039,36041,36042,36043],{"id":35638,"depth":93,"text":36040},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35659,"depth":93,"text":35660},{"id":35669,"depth":93,"text":35670},{"id":35699,"depth":93,"text":35700},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":36046},[36047,36049,36051,36053],{"id":35922,"depth":93,"text":36048},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35930,"depth":93,"text":36050},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35945,"depth":93,"text":36052},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35955,"depth":93,"text":36054},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34626,"description":36056},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":36063,"title":36064,"body":36065,"description":37885,"extension":2312,"meta":37886,"navigation":958,"path":37887,"seo":37888,"stem":37889,"__hash__":37890},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":36066,"toc":37854},[36067,36073,36078,36081,36089,36095,36097,36177,36179,36205,36210,36215,36220,36223,36234,36237,36239,36318,36320,36346,36353,36355,36357,36382,36385,36398,36403,36405,36486,36488,36514,36523,36528,36536,36542,36549,36552,36554,36633,36636,36693,36695,36732,36738,36743,36748,36751,36765,36767,36870,36872,36915,36924,36934,36941,36947,36954,37037,37039,37062,37065,37068,37070,37074,37078,37081,37144,37167,37170,37174,37180,37182,37249,37252,37329,37334,37340,37343,37346,37392,37394,37418,37423,37427,37432,37438,37501,37504,37506,37509,37534,37537,37672,37674,37775,37777,37782,37785,37791,37801,37809,37814,37820,37826,37828,37851],[10,36068,3894,36070,3898],{"id":36069},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[18,36071,36072],{},"enumerate()",[14,36074,36075,36077],{},[18,36076,36072],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[14,36079,36080],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[150,36082,36083,36086],{},[153,36084,36085],{},"the item itself",[153,36087,36088],{},"its index in the loop",[14,36090,36091,36092,36094],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[18,36093,36072],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[29,36096,32],{"id":31},[34,36098,36100],{"className":36,"code":36099,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[18,36101,36102,36134,36138,36161],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,36103,36104,36106,36108,36110,36112,36114,36116,36118,36120,36122,36124,36126,36128,36130,36132],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,36105,13396],{"class":207},[43,36107,212],{"class":211},[43,36109,3942],{"class":53},[43,36111,82],{"class":81},[43,36113,13413],{"class":85},[43,36115,82],{"class":81},[43,36117,800],{"class":53},[43,36119,932],{"class":81},[43,36121,17777],{"class":85},[43,36123,82],{"class":81},[43,36125,800],{"class":53},[43,36127,932],{"class":81},[43,36129,13430],{"class":85},[43,36131,82],{"class":81},[43,36133,3955],{"class":53},[43,36135,36136],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,36137,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,36139,36140,36142,36145,36147,36150,36152,36155,36157,36159],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,36141,6284],{"class":1927},[43,36143,36144],{"class":207}," index",[43,36146,800],{"class":53},[43,36148,36149],{"class":207}," color ",[43,36151,4203],{"class":1927},[43,36153,36154],{"class":49}," enumerate",[43,36156,54],{"class":53},[43,36158,17824],{"class":236},[43,36160,8662],{"class":53},[43,36162,36163,36165,36167,36170,36172,36175],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,36164,1951],{"class":49},[43,36166,54],{"class":53},[43,36168,36169],{"class":236},"index",[43,36171,800],{"class":53},[43,36173,36174],{"class":236}," color",[43,36176,227],{"class":53},[14,36178,110],{},[34,36180,36182],{"className":36,"code":36181,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[18,36183,36184,36191,36198],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,36185,36186,36188],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,36187,2466],{"class":63},[43,36189,36190],{"class":207}," red\n",[43,36192,36193,36195],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,36194,797],{"class":63},[43,36196,36197],{"class":207}," green\n",[43,36199,36200,36202],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,36201,447],{"class":63},[43,36203,36204],{"class":207}," blue\n",[14,36206,133,36207,36209],{},[18,36208,36072],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[29,36211,3998,36213,4001],{"id":36212},"what-enumerate-does",[18,36214,36072],{},[14,36216,36217,36219],{},[18,36218,36072],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[14,36221,36222],{},"It is commonly used with:",[150,36224,36225,36227,36229,36231],{},[153,36226,5624],{},[153,36228,5627],{},[153,36230,5633],{},[153,36232,36233],{},"other iterable objects",[14,36235,36236],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[14,36238,197],{},[34,36240,36242],{"className":36,"code":36241,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[18,36243,36244,36278,36282,36303],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,36245,36246,36248,36250,36252,36254,36256,36258,36260,36262,36265,36267,36269,36271,36274,36276],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,36247,5318],{"class":207},[43,36249,212],{"class":211},[43,36251,3942],{"class":53},[43,36253,82],{"class":81},[43,36255,13200],{"class":85},[43,36257,82],{"class":81},[43,36259,800],{"class":53},[43,36261,932],{"class":81},[43,36263,36264],{"class":85},"Ben",[43,36266,82],{"class":81},[43,36268,800],{"class":53},[43,36270,932],{"class":81},[43,36272,36273],{"class":85},"Cara",[43,36275,82],{"class":81},[43,36277,3955],{"class":53},[43,36279,36280],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,36281,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,36283,36284,36286,36288,36290,36293,36295,36297,36299,36301],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,36285,6284],{"class":1927},[43,36287,36144],{"class":207},[43,36289,800],{"class":53},[43,36291,36292],{"class":207}," name ",[43,36294,4203],{"class":1927},[43,36296,36154],{"class":49},[43,36298,54],{"class":53},[43,36300,5362],{"class":236},[43,36302,8662],{"class":53},[43,36304,36305,36307,36309,36311,36313,36316],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,36306,1951],{"class":49},[43,36308,54],{"class":53},[43,36310,36169],{"class":236},[43,36312,800],{"class":53},[43,36314,36315],{"class":236}," name",[43,36317,227],{"class":53},[14,36319,110],{},[34,36321,36323],{"className":36,"code":36322,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[18,36324,36325,36332,36339],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,36326,36327,36329],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,36328,2466],{"class":63},[43,36330,36331],{"class":207}," Ana\n",[43,36333,36334,36336],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,36335,797],{"class":63},[43,36337,36338],{"class":207}," Ben\n",[43,36340,36341,36343],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,36342,447],{"class":63},[43,36344,36345],{"class":207}," Cara\n",[14,36347,36348,36349,315],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[189,36350,36352],{"href":36351},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[29,36354,290],{"id":289},[14,36356,2505],{},[34,36358,36360],{"className":36,"code":36359,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[18,36361,36362],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,36363,36364,36367,36369,36371,36373,36376,36378,36380],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,36365,36366],{"class":49},"enumerate",[43,36368,54],{"class":53},[43,36370,4042],{"class":236},[43,36372,800],{"class":53},[43,36374,36375],{"class":9491}," start",[43,36377,212],{"class":211},[43,36379,2466],{"class":63},[43,36381,227],{"class":53},[14,36383,36384],{},"It has two parts:",[150,36386,36387,36392],{},[153,36388,36389,36391],{},[18,36390,4042],{},": the object you want to loop through",[153,36393,36394,36397],{},[18,36395,36396],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[14,36399,36400,36401,315],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[18,36402,2466],{},[14,36404,197],{},[34,36406,36408],{"className":36,"code":36407,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[18,36409,36410,36443,36447,36470],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,36411,36412,36415,36417,36419,36421,36423,36425,36427,36429,36431,36433,36435,36437,36439,36441],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,36413,36414],{"class":207},"letters ",[43,36416,212],{"class":211},[43,36418,3942],{"class":53},[43,36420,82],{"class":81},[43,36422,189],{"class":85},[43,36424,82],{"class":81},[43,36426,800],{"class":53},[43,36428,932],{"class":81},[43,36430,1231],{"class":85},[43,36432,82],{"class":81},[43,36434,800],{"class":53},[43,36436,932],{"class":81},[43,36438,10055],{"class":85},[43,36440,82],{"class":81},[43,36442,3955],{"class":53},[43,36444,36445],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,36446,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,36448,36449,36451,36454,36456,36459,36461,36463,36465,36468],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,36450,6284],{"class":1927},[43,36452,36453],{"class":207}," i",[43,36455,800],{"class":53},[43,36457,36458],{"class":207}," letter ",[43,36460,4203],{"class":1927},[43,36462,36154],{"class":49},[43,36464,54],{"class":53},[43,36466,36467],{"class":236},"letters",[43,36469,8662],{"class":53},[43,36471,36472,36474,36476,36479,36481,36484],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,36473,1951],{"class":49},[43,36475,54],{"class":53},[43,36477,36478],{"class":236},"i",[43,36480,800],{"class":53},[43,36482,36483],{"class":236}," letter",[43,36485,227],{"class":53},[14,36487,110],{},[34,36489,36491],{"className":36,"code":36490,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[18,36492,36493,36500,36507],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,36494,36495,36497],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,36496,2466],{"class":63},[43,36498,36499],{"class":207}," a\n",[43,36501,36502,36504],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,36503,797],{"class":63},[43,36505,36506],{"class":207}," b\n",[43,36508,36509,36511],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,36510,447],{"class":63},[43,36512,36513],{"class":207}," c\n",[14,36515,36516,36517,315],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[189,36518,3894,36520,3827],{"href":36519},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[18,36521,36522],{},"range()",[29,36524,3998,36526,12023],{"id":36525},"what-enumerate-returns",[18,36527,36072],{},[14,36529,36530,36532,36533,315],{},[18,36531,36072],{}," returns an ",[913,36534,36535],{},"enumerate object",[14,36537,36538,36539,36541],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[18,36540,6284],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[150,36543,36544],{},[153,36545,36546],{},[18,36547,36548],{},"(index, item)",[14,36550,36551],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[14,36553,197],{},[34,36555,36557],{"className":36,"code":36556,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[18,36558,36559,36592,36596,36618],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,36560,36561,36564,36566,36568,36570,36572,36574,36576,36578,36580,36582,36584,36586,36588,36590],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,36562,36563],{"class":207},"fruits ",[43,36565,212],{"class":211},[43,36567,3942],{"class":53},[43,36569,82],{"class":81},[43,36571,4401],{"class":85},[43,36573,82],{"class":81},[43,36575,800],{"class":53},[43,36577,932],{"class":81},[43,36579,4410],{"class":85},[43,36581,82],{"class":81},[43,36583,800],{"class":53},[43,36585,932],{"class":81},[43,36587,33543],{"class":85},[43,36589,82],{"class":81},[43,36591,3955],{"class":53},[43,36593,36594],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,36595,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,36597,36598,36600,36602,36604,36607,36609,36611,36613,36616],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,36599,6284],{"class":1927},[43,36601,36144],{"class":207},[43,36603,800],{"class":53},[43,36605,36606],{"class":207}," fruit ",[43,36608,4203],{"class":1927},[43,36610,36154],{"class":49},[43,36612,54],{"class":53},[43,36614,36615],{"class":236},"fruits",[43,36617,8662],{"class":53},[43,36619,36620,36622,36624,36626,36628,36631],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,36621,1951],{"class":49},[43,36623,54],{"class":53},[43,36625,36169],{"class":236},[43,36627,800],{"class":53},[43,36629,36630],{"class":236}," fruit",[43,36632,227],{"class":53},[14,36634,36635],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[34,36637,36639],{"className":36,"code":36638,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[18,36640,36641,36661,36665,36683],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,36642,36643,36645,36647,36649,36651,36653,36655,36657,36659],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,36644,3937],{"class":207},[43,36646,212],{"class":211},[43,36648,3942],{"class":53},[43,36650,512],{"class":63},[43,36652,800],{"class":53},[43,36654,8115],{"class":63},[43,36656,800],{"class":53},[43,36658,8120],{"class":63},[43,36660,3955],{"class":53},[43,36662,36663],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,36664,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,36666,36667,36669,36671,36673,36675,36677,36679,36681],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,36668,1282],{"class":207},[43,36670,212],{"class":211},[43,36672,22883],{"class":57},[43,36674,54],{"class":53},[43,36676,36366],{"class":49},[43,36678,54],{"class":53},[43,36680,3969],{"class":236},[43,36682,67],{"class":53},[43,36684,36685,36687,36689,36691],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,36686,50],{"class":49},[43,36688,54],{"class":53},[43,36690,1306],{"class":236},[43,36692,227],{"class":53},[14,36694,110],{},[34,36696,36698],{"className":36,"code":36697,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[18,36699,36700],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,36701,36702,36704,36706,36708,36710,36712,36714,36716,36718,36720,36722,36724,36726,36728,36730],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,36703,22063],{"class":53},[43,36705,2466],{"class":63},[43,36707,800],{"class":53},[43,36709,6331],{"class":63},[43,36711,9549],{"class":53},[43,36713,9552],{"class":53},[43,36715,797],{"class":63},[43,36717,800],{"class":53},[43,36719,8115],{"class":63},[43,36721,9549],{"class":53},[43,36723,9552],{"class":53},[43,36725,447],{"class":63},[43,36727,800],{"class":53},[43,36729,8120],{"class":63},[43,36731,9565],{"class":53},[14,36733,36734,36735,36737],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[18,36736,36072],{}," produces.",[29,36739,5284,36741],{"id":36740},"when-to-use-enumerate",[18,36742,36072],{},[14,36744,133,36745,36747],{},[18,36746,36072],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[14,36749,36750],{},"Common cases:",[150,36752,36753,36756,36759,36762],{},[153,36754,36755],{},"printing numbered output",[153,36757,36758],{},"building menus",[153,36760,36761],{},"showing positions in a list",[153,36763,36764],{},"looping over both index and value together",[14,36766,197],{},[34,36768,36770],{"className":36,"code":36769,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[18,36771,36772,36807,36811,36841],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,36773,36774,36776,36778,36780,36782,36785,36787,36789,36791,36794,36796,36798,36800,36803,36805],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,36775,30218],{"class":207},[43,36777,212],{"class":211},[43,36779,3942],{"class":53},[43,36781,82],{"class":81},[43,36783,36784],{"class":85},"Wash dishes",[43,36786,82],{"class":81},[43,36788,800],{"class":53},[43,36790,932],{"class":81},[43,36792,36793],{"class":85},"Study Python",[43,36795,82],{"class":81},[43,36797,800],{"class":53},[43,36799,932],{"class":81},[43,36801,36802],{"class":85},"Go for a walk",[43,36804,82],{"class":81},[43,36806,3955],{"class":53},[43,36808,36809],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,36810,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,36812,36813,36815,36817,36819,36822,36824,36826,36828,36831,36833,36835,36837,36839],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,36814,6284],{"class":1927},[43,36816,1965],{"class":207},[43,36818,800],{"class":53},[43,36820,36821],{"class":207}," task ",[43,36823,4203],{"class":1927},[43,36825,36154],{"class":49},[43,36827,54],{"class":53},[43,36829,36830],{"class":236},"tasks",[43,36832,800],{"class":53},[43,36834,36375],{"class":9491},[43,36836,212],{"class":211},[43,36838,797],{"class":63},[43,36840,8662],{"class":53},[43,36842,36843,36845,36847,36849,36851,36853,36855,36857,36859,36861,36864,36866,36868],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,36844,1951],{"class":49},[43,36846,54],{"class":53},[43,36848,22617],{"class":274},[43,36850,82],{"class":85},[43,36852,9594],{"class":63},[43,36854,237],{"class":236},[43,36856,22626],{"class":63},[43,36858,28638],{"class":85},[43,36860,9594],{"class":63},[43,36862,36863],{"class":236},"task",[43,36865,22626],{"class":63},[43,36867,82],{"class":85},[43,36869,227],{"class":53},[14,36871,110],{},[34,36873,36875],{"className":36,"code":36874,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[18,36876,36877,36889,36901],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,36878,36879,36881,36883,36886],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,36880,797],{"class":63},[43,36882,315],{"class":53},[43,36884,36885],{"class":25074}," Wash",[43,36887,36888],{"class":207}," dishes\n",[43,36890,36891,36893,36895,36898],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,36892,447],{"class":63},[43,36894,315],{"class":53},[43,36896,36897],{"class":25074}," Study",[43,36899,36900],{"class":207}," Python\n",[43,36902,36903,36905,36907,36910,36912],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,36904,2409],{"class":63},[43,36906,315],{"class":53},[43,36908,36909],{"class":25074}," Go",[43,36911,4197],{"class":1927},[43,36913,36914],{"class":207}," a walk\n",[14,36916,36917,36918,36920,36921,315],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[18,36919,36072],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[18,36922,36923],{},"range(len(...))",[14,36925,36926,36927,315],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[189,36928,36930,36931,36933],{"href":36929},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[18,36932,36072],{}," in Python",[29,36935,36937,36938,36940],{"id":36936},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[18,36939,36396],{}," argument",[14,36942,36943,36944,36946],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[18,36945,36396],{}," argument.",[14,36948,36949,36950,11407,36952,325],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[18,36951,797],{},[18,36953,2466],{},[34,36955,36957],{"className":36,"code":36956,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[18,36958,36959,36991,36995,37023],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,36960,36961,36963,36965,36967,36969,36971,36973,36975,36977,36979,36981,36983,36985,36987,36989],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,36962,13396],{"class":207},[43,36964,212],{"class":211},[43,36966,3942],{"class":53},[43,36968,82],{"class":81},[43,36970,13413],{"class":85},[43,36972,82],{"class":81},[43,36974,800],{"class":53},[43,36976,932],{"class":81},[43,36978,17777],{"class":85},[43,36980,82],{"class":81},[43,36982,800],{"class":53},[43,36984,932],{"class":81},[43,36986,13430],{"class":85},[43,36988,82],{"class":81},[43,36990,3955],{"class":53},[43,36992,36993],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,36994,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,36996,36997,36999,37001,37003,37005,37007,37009,37011,37013,37015,37017,37019,37021],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,36998,6284],{"class":1927},[43,37000,36144],{"class":207},[43,37002,800],{"class":53},[43,37004,36149],{"class":207},[43,37006,4203],{"class":1927},[43,37008,36154],{"class":49},[43,37010,54],{"class":53},[43,37012,17824],{"class":236},[43,37014,800],{"class":53},[43,37016,36375],{"class":9491},[43,37018,212],{"class":211},[43,37020,797],{"class":63},[43,37022,8662],{"class":53},[43,37024,37025,37027,37029,37031,37033,37035],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,37026,1951],{"class":49},[43,37028,54],{"class":53},[43,37030,36169],{"class":236},[43,37032,800],{"class":53},[43,37034,36174],{"class":236},[43,37036,227],{"class":53},[14,37038,110],{},[34,37040,37042],{"className":36,"code":37041,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[18,37043,37044,37050,37056],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,37045,37046,37048],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,37047,797],{"class":63},[43,37049,36190],{"class":207},[43,37051,37052,37054],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,37053,447],{"class":63},[43,37055,36197],{"class":207},[43,37057,37058,37060],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,37059,2409],{"class":63},[43,37061,36204],{"class":207},[14,37063,37064],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[14,37066,37067],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[29,37069,25681],{"id":25680},[14,37071,25684,37072,315],{},[18,37073,36072],{},[402,37075,37077],{"id":37076},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[14,37079,37080],{},"In this loop:",[34,37082,37084],{"className":36,"code":37083,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[18,37085,37086,37106,37110,37130],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,37087,37088,37090,37092,37094,37096,37098,37100,37102,37104],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,37089,3937],{"class":207},[43,37091,212],{"class":211},[43,37093,3942],{"class":53},[43,37095,512],{"class":63},[43,37097,800],{"class":53},[43,37099,8115],{"class":63},[43,37101,800],{"class":53},[43,37103,8120],{"class":63},[43,37105,3955],{"class":53},[43,37107,37108],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,37109,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,37111,37112,37114,37116,37118,37120,37122,37124,37126,37128],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,37113,6284],{"class":1927},[43,37115,36144],{"class":207},[43,37117,800],{"class":53},[43,37119,21907],{"class":207},[43,37121,4203],{"class":1927},[43,37123,36154],{"class":49},[43,37125,54],{"class":53},[43,37127,3969],{"class":236},[43,37129,8662],{"class":53},[43,37131,37132,37134,37136,37138,37140,37142],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,37133,1951],{"class":49},[43,37135,54],{"class":53},[43,37137,36169],{"class":236},[43,37139,800],{"class":53},[43,37141,1720],{"class":236},[43,37143,227],{"class":53},[150,37145,37146,37156],{},[153,37147,37148,5106,37150,2534,37152,2534,37154],{},[18,37149,36169],{},[18,37151,2466],{},[18,37153,797],{},[18,37155,447],{},[153,37157,37158,5106,37160,2534,37162,2534,37164],{},[18,37159,307],{},[18,37161,512],{},[18,37163,16076],{},[18,37165,37166],{},"30",[14,37168,37169],{},"These are different things.",[402,37171,37173],{"id":37172},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[14,37175,37176,37177,37179],{},"Each item from ",[18,37178,36072],{}," is a pair.",[14,37181,7013],{},[34,37183,37185],{"className":36,"code":37184,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[18,37186,37187,37211,37215,37235],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,37188,37189,37191,37193,37195,37197,37199,37201,37203,37205,37207,37209],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,37190,8104],{"class":207},[43,37192,212],{"class":211},[43,37194,3942],{"class":53},[43,37196,82],{"class":81},[43,37198,2519],{"class":85},[43,37200,82],{"class":81},[43,37202,800],{"class":53},[43,37204,932],{"class":81},[43,37206,12063],{"class":85},[43,37208,82],{"class":81},[43,37210,3955],{"class":53},[43,37212,37213],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,37214,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,37216,37217,37219,37221,37223,37225,37227,37229,37231,37233],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,37218,6284],{"class":1927},[43,37220,36453],{"class":207},[43,37222,800],{"class":53},[43,37224,6287],{"class":207},[43,37226,4203],{"class":1927},[43,37228,36154],{"class":49},[43,37230,54],{"class":53},[43,37232,8135],{"class":236},[43,37234,8662],{"class":53},[43,37236,37237,37239,37241,37243,37245,37247],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,37238,1951],{"class":49},[43,37240,54],{"class":53},[43,37242,36478],{"class":236},[43,37244,800],{"class":53},[43,37246,29831],{"class":236},[43,37248,227],{"class":53},[14,37250,37251],{},"But this causes an error:",[34,37253,37255],{"className":36,"code":37254,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[18,37256,37257,37281,37285,37310],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,37258,37259,37261,37263,37265,37267,37269,37271,37273,37275,37277,37279],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,37260,8104],{"class":207},[43,37262,212],{"class":211},[43,37264,3942],{"class":53},[43,37266,82],{"class":81},[43,37268,2519],{"class":85},[43,37270,82],{"class":81},[43,37272,800],{"class":53},[43,37274,932],{"class":81},[43,37276,12063],{"class":85},[43,37278,82],{"class":81},[43,37280,3955],{"class":53},[43,37282,37283],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,37284,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,37286,37287,37289,37291,37293,37295,37297,37300,37302,37304,37306,37308],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,37288,6284],{"class":1927},[43,37290,36453],{"class":207},[43,37292,800],{"class":53},[43,37294,29831],{"class":207},[43,37296,800],{"class":53},[43,37298,37299],{"class":207}," extra ",[43,37301,4203],{"class":1927},[43,37303,36154],{"class":49},[43,37305,54],{"class":53},[43,37307,8135],{"class":236},[43,37309,8662],{"class":53},[43,37311,37312,37314,37316,37318,37320,37322,37324,37327],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,37313,1951],{"class":49},[43,37315,54],{"class":53},[43,37317,36478],{"class":236},[43,37319,800],{"class":53},[43,37321,29831],{"class":236},[43,37323,800],{"class":53},[43,37325,37326],{"class":236}," extra",[43,37328,227],{"class":53},[14,37330,2194,37331,37333],{},[18,37332,36072],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[402,37335,37337,37339],{"id":37336},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[18,37338,36072],{}," only works with iterable objects",[14,37341,37342],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[14,37344,37345],{},"Example with a string:",[34,37347,37349],{"className":36,"code":37348,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[18,37350,37351,37377],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,37352,37353,37355,37357,37359,37362,37364,37366,37368,37370,37373,37375],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,37354,6284],{"class":1927},[43,37356,36144],{"class":207},[43,37358,800],{"class":53},[43,37360,37361],{"class":207}," char ",[43,37363,4203],{"class":1927},[43,37365,36154],{"class":49},[43,37367,54],{"class":53},[43,37369,82],{"class":81},[43,37371,37372],{"class":85},"cat",[43,37374,82],{"class":81},[43,37376,8662],{"class":53},[43,37378,37379,37381,37383,37385,37387,37390],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,37380,1951],{"class":49},[43,37382,54],{"class":53},[43,37384,36169],{"class":236},[43,37386,800],{"class":53},[43,37388,37389],{"class":236}," char",[43,37391,227],{"class":53},[14,37393,110],{},[34,37395,37397],{"className":36,"code":37396,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[18,37398,37399,37405,37411],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,37400,37401,37403],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,37402,2466],{"class":63},[43,37404,36513],{"class":207},[43,37406,37407,37409],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,37408,797],{"class":63},[43,37410,36499],{"class":207},[43,37412,37413,37415],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,37414,447],{"class":63},[43,37416,37417],{"class":207}," t\n",[14,37419,37420,37421,315],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[189,37422,5460],{"href":5912},[402,37424,37426],{"id":37425},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[14,37428,37429,37430,315],{},"You do not always need ",[18,37431,36072],{},[14,37433,37434,37435,37437],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[18,37436,6284],{}," loop:",[34,37439,37441],{"className":36,"code":37440,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[18,37442,37443,37475,37479,37491],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,37444,37445,37447,37449,37451,37453,37455,37457,37459,37461,37463,37465,37467,37469,37471,37473],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,37446,13396],{"class":207},[43,37448,212],{"class":211},[43,37450,3942],{"class":53},[43,37452,82],{"class":81},[43,37454,13413],{"class":85},[43,37456,82],{"class":81},[43,37458,800],{"class":53},[43,37460,932],{"class":81},[43,37462,17777],{"class":85},[43,37464,82],{"class":81},[43,37466,800],{"class":53},[43,37468,932],{"class":81},[43,37470,13430],{"class":85},[43,37472,82],{"class":81},[43,37474,3955],{"class":53},[43,37476,37477],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,37478,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,37480,37481,37483,37485,37487,37489],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,37482,6284],{"class":1927},[43,37484,36149],{"class":207},[43,37486,4203],{"class":1927},[43,37488,13444],{"class":207},[43,37490,1931],{"class":53},[43,37492,37493,37495,37497,37499],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,37494,1951],{"class":49},[43,37496,54],{"class":53},[43,37498,33213],{"class":236},[43,37500,227],{"class":53},[14,37502,37503],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[29,37505,3160],{"id":3159},[14,37507,37508],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[150,37510,37511,37516,37522,37527],{},[153,37512,23424,37513,37515],{},[18,37514,36072],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[153,37517,37518,37519,37521],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[18,37520,2466],{}," by default",[153,37523,8738,37524,37526],{},[18,37525,36072],{}," when only values are needed",[153,37528,37529,37530,9023,37532],{},"Confusing ",[18,37531,36072],{},[18,37533,36522],{},[14,37535,37536],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[34,37538,37540],{"className":36,"code":37539,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[18,37541,37542,37564,37591,37625,37658],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,37543,37544,37546,37548,37550,37552,37554,37556,37558,37560,37562],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,37545,50],{"class":49},[43,37547,54],{"class":53},[43,37549,36366],{"class":49},[43,37551,794],{"class":53},[43,37553,512],{"class":63},[43,37555,800],{"class":53},[43,37557,8115],{"class":63},[43,37559,800],{"class":53},[43,37561,8120],{"class":63},[43,37563,811],{"class":53},[43,37565,37566,37568,37570,37572,37574,37576,37578,37580,37582,37584,37586,37588],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,37567,50],{"class":49},[43,37569,54],{"class":53},[43,37571,849],{"class":57},[43,37573,54],{"class":53},[43,37575,36366],{"class":49},[43,37577,794],{"class":53},[43,37579,512],{"class":63},[43,37581,800],{"class":53},[43,37583,8115],{"class":63},[43,37585,800],{"class":53},[43,37587,8120],{"class":63},[43,37589,37590],{"class":53},"])))\n",[43,37592,37593,37595,37597,37599,37601,37603,37605,37607,37609,37611,37613,37615,37617,37619,37621,37623],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,37594,50],{"class":49},[43,37596,54],{"class":53},[43,37598,849],{"class":57},[43,37600,54],{"class":53},[43,37602,36366],{"class":49},[43,37604,794],{"class":53},[43,37606,512],{"class":63},[43,37608,800],{"class":53},[43,37610,8115],{"class":63},[43,37612,800],{"class":53},[43,37614,8120],{"class":63},[43,37616,18384],{"class":53},[43,37618,36375],{"class":9491},[43,37620,212],{"class":211},[43,37622,797],{"class":63},[43,37624,3239],{"class":53},[43,37626,37627,37629,37631,37633,37635,37637,37639,37641,37643,37645,37647,37649,37651,37653,37655],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,37628,6284],{"class":1927},[43,37630,36453],{"class":207},[43,37632,800],{"class":53},[43,37634,21907],{"class":207},[43,37636,4203],{"class":1927},[43,37638,36154],{"class":49},[43,37640,794],{"class":53},[43,37642,283],{"class":81},[43,37644,189],{"class":85},[43,37646,283],{"class":81},[43,37648,800],{"class":53},[43,37650,278],{"class":81},[43,37652,1231],{"class":85},[43,37654,283],{"class":81},[43,37656,37657],{"class":53},"]):\n",[43,37659,37660,37662,37664,37666,37668,37670],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,37661,1951],{"class":49},[43,37663,54],{"class":53},[43,37665,36478],{"class":236},[43,37667,800],{"class":53},[43,37669,1720],{"class":236},[43,37671,227],{"class":53},[14,37673,17281],{},[34,37675,37677],{"className":36,"code":37676,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[18,37678,37679,37699,37731,37763,37769],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,37680,37681,37683,37685,37687,37690,37694,37697],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,37682,271],{"class":211},[43,37684,36366],{"class":49},[43,37686,24941],{"class":57},[43,37688,37689],{"class":207}," at ",[43,37691,37693],{"class":37692},"srjyR","0x",[43,37695,37696],{"class":34776},"...",[43,37698,286],{"class":211},[43,37700,37701,37703,37705,37707,37709,37711,37713,37715,37717,37719,37721,37723,37725,37727,37729],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,37702,22063],{"class":53},[43,37704,2466],{"class":63},[43,37706,800],{"class":53},[43,37708,6331],{"class":63},[43,37710,9549],{"class":53},[43,37712,9552],{"class":53},[43,37714,797],{"class":63},[43,37716,800],{"class":53},[43,37718,8115],{"class":63},[43,37720,9549],{"class":53},[43,37722,9552],{"class":53},[43,37724,447],{"class":63},[43,37726,800],{"class":53},[43,37728,8120],{"class":63},[43,37730,9565],{"class":53},[43,37732,37733,37735,37737,37739,37741,37743,37745,37747,37749,37751,37753,37755,37757,37759,37761],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,37734,22063],{"class":53},[43,37736,797],{"class":63},[43,37738,800],{"class":53},[43,37740,6331],{"class":63},[43,37742,9549],{"class":53},[43,37744,9552],{"class":53},[43,37746,447],{"class":63},[43,37748,800],{"class":53},[43,37750,8115],{"class":63},[43,37752,9549],{"class":53},[43,37754,9552],{"class":53},[43,37756,2409],{"class":63},[43,37758,800],{"class":53},[43,37760,8120],{"class":63},[43,37762,9565],{"class":53},[43,37764,37765,37767],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,37766,2466],{"class":63},[43,37768,36499],{"class":207},[43,37770,37771,37773],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,37772,797],{"class":63},[43,37774,36506],{"class":207},[29,37776,2162],{"id":2161},[402,37778,5466,37780,5469],{"id":37779},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[18,37781,36072],{},[14,37783,37784],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[402,37786,13023,37788,37790],{"id":37787},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[18,37789,36072],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[14,37792,37793,37794,37796,37797,37800],{},"It starts at ",[18,37795,2466],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[18,37798,37799],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[402,37802,21743,37804,11407,37806,2822],{"id":37803},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[18,37805,36072],{},[18,37807,37808],{},"range(len(list))",[14,37810,36917,37811,37813],{},[18,37812,36072],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[402,37815,5493,37817,37819],{"id":37816},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[18,37818,36072],{}," be used with strings?",[14,37821,37822,37823,37825],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[18,37824,36072],{}," can return each character with its index.",[29,37827,2229],{"id":2228},[150,37829,37830,37834,37840,37847],{},[153,37831,37832],{},[189,37833,36352],{"href":36351},[153,37835,37836],{},[189,37837,3894,37838,3827],{"href":36519},[18,37839,36522],{},[153,37841,37842],{},[189,37843,37844,37845,36933],{"href":36929},"How to use ",[18,37846,36072],{},[153,37848,37849],{},[189,37850,5540],{"href":5912},[2262,37852,37853],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":37855},[37856,37857,37859,37860,37862,37864,37866,37873,37874,37884],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":36212,"depth":70,"text":37858},"What enumerate() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":36525,"depth":70,"text":37861},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36740,"depth":70,"text":37863},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36936,"depth":70,"text":37865},"Using the start argument",{"id":25680,"depth":70,"text":25681,"children":37867},[37868,37869,37870,37872],{"id":37076,"depth":93,"text":37077},{"id":37172,"depth":93,"text":37173},{"id":37336,"depth":93,"text":37871},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37425,"depth":93,"text":37426},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":37875},[37876,37878,37880,37882],{"id":37779,"depth":93,"text":37877},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37787,"depth":93,"text":37879},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37803,"depth":93,"text":37881},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37816,"depth":93,"text":37883},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":36064,"description":37885},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37892,"title":37893,"body":37894,"description":40409,"extension":2312,"meta":40410,"navigation":958,"path":40411,"seo":40412,"stem":40413,"__hash__":40414},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37895,"toc":40366},[37896,37902,37907,37910,37918,37932,37934,38025,38033,38038,38043,38045,38061,38063,38142,38144,38161,38167,38171,38173,38194,38198,38201,38213,38217,38220,38223,38240,38243,38319,38321,38338,38343,38347,38355,38358,38373,38375,38464,38466,38511,38514,38518,38521,38600,38602,38624,38627,38634,38639,38642,38745,38747,38772,38775,38782,38788,38793,38796,38807,38913,38915,38936,38944,38951,38957,38976,38981,38984,39003,39005,39090,39092,39121,39124,39129,39134,39137,39148,39150,39239,39241,39261,39267,39373,39375,39395,39398,39482,39484,39504,39511,39513,39517,39523,39526,39583,39586,39589,39650,39659,39662,39665,39693,39696,39756,39758,39775,39779,39782,39860,39862,39882,39885,39960,39964,39967,39969,39978,39983,39985,40036,40044,40056,40061,40122,40124,40141,40145,40207,40209,40234,40242,40244,40250,40256,40263,40271,40277,40280,40287,40297,40303,40309,40312,40329,40335,40337,40363],[10,37897,3894,37899,3898],{"id":37898},"python-filter-function-explained",[18,37900,37901],{},"filter()",[14,37903,37904,37906],{},[18,37905,37901],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[14,37908,37909],{},"It takes:",[150,37911,37912,37915],{},[153,37913,37914],{},"a function that checks each item",[153,37916,37917],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[14,37919,37920,37921,37924,37925,37928,37929,37931],{},"The result is ",[913,37922,37923],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[18,37926,37927],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[18,37930,25105],{}," to see the values.",[29,37933,32],{"id":31},[34,37935,37937],{"className":36,"code":37936,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[18,37938,37939,37972,38008],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,37940,37941,37943,37945,37947,37949,37951,37953,37955,37957,37959,37961,37963,37965,37967,37970],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,37942,3937],{"class":207},[43,37944,212],{"class":211},[43,37946,3942],{"class":53},[43,37948,797],{"class":63},[43,37950,800],{"class":53},[43,37952,803],{"class":63},[43,37954,800],{"class":53},[43,37956,808],{"class":63},[43,37958,800],{"class":53},[43,37960,2789],{"class":63},[43,37962,800],{"class":53},[43,37964,4929],{"class":63},[43,37966,800],{"class":53},[43,37968,37969],{"class":63}," 6",[43,37971,3955],{"class":53},[43,37973,37974,37976,37978,37981,37983,37986,37990,37992,37994,37996,37998,38000,38002,38004,38006],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,37975,1282],{"class":207},[43,37977,212],{"class":211},[43,37979,37980],{"class":49}," filter",[43,37982,54],{"class":53},[43,37984,37985],{"class":274},"lambda",[43,37987,37989],{"class":37988},"sFwrP"," x",[43,37991,325],{"class":53},[43,37993,4200],{"class":236},[43,37995,6729],{"class":211},[43,37997,803],{"class":63},[43,37999,6734],{"class":211},[43,38001,4155],{"class":63},[43,38003,800],{"class":53},[43,38005,4586],{"class":236},[43,38007,227],{"class":53},[43,38009,38010,38012,38014,38016,38018,38020,38022],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,38011,50],{"class":49},[43,38013,54],{"class":53},[43,38015,849],{"class":57},[43,38017,54],{"class":53},[43,38019,1306],{"class":236},[43,38021,5686],{"class":53},[43,38023,38024],{"class":3984},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[14,38026,38027,38029,38030,38032],{},[18,38028,37901],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[18,38031,25105],{}," to see the results.",[29,38034,3998,38036,4001],{"id":38035},"what-filter-does",[18,38037,37901],{},[14,38039,38040,38042],{},[18,38041,37901],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[14,38044,2453],{},[150,38046,38047,38050,38056],{},[153,38048,38049],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[153,38051,38052,38053,38055],{},"if the test returns ",[18,38054,105],{},", the item is kept",[153,38057,38052,38058,38060],{},[18,38059,613],{},", the item is removed",[14,38062,197],{},[34,38064,38066],{"className":36,"code":38065,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38067,38068,38096,38100,38128],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,38069,38070,38072,38074,38076,38078,38080,38082,38084,38086,38088,38090,38092,38094],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,38071,3937],{"class":207},[43,38073,212],{"class":211},[43,38075,3942],{"class":53},[43,38077,797],{"class":63},[43,38079,800],{"class":53},[43,38081,803],{"class":63},[43,38083,800],{"class":53},[43,38085,808],{"class":63},[43,38087,800],{"class":53},[43,38089,2789],{"class":63},[43,38091,800],{"class":53},[43,38093,4929],{"class":63},[43,38095,3955],{"class":53},[43,38097,38098],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,38099,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,38101,38102,38104,38106,38108,38110,38112,38114,38116,38118,38120,38122,38124,38126],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,38103,1282],{"class":207},[43,38105,212],{"class":211},[43,38107,37980],{"class":49},[43,38109,54],{"class":53},[43,38111,37985],{"class":274},[43,38113,37989],{"class":37988},[43,38115,325],{"class":53},[43,38117,4200],{"class":236},[43,38119,4575],{"class":211},[43,38121,808],{"class":63},[43,38123,800],{"class":53},[43,38125,4586],{"class":236},[43,38127,227],{"class":53},[43,38129,38130,38132,38134,38136,38138,38140],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,38131,50],{"class":49},[43,38133,54],{"class":53},[43,38135,849],{"class":57},[43,38137,54],{"class":53},[43,38139,1306],{"class":236},[43,38141,67],{"class":53},[14,38143,110],{},[34,38145,38147],{"className":36,"code":38146,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[4, 5]\n",[18,38148,38149],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,38150,38151,38153,38155,38157,38159],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,38152,4221],{"class":53},[43,38154,2835],{"class":63},[43,38156,800],{"class":53},[43,38158,4929],{"class":63},[43,38160,3955],{"class":53},[14,38162,38163,38164,38166],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[18,38165,2409],{}," are kept.",[29,38168,38170],{"id":38169},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[14,38172,2505],{},[34,38174,38176],{"className":36,"code":38175,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[18,38177,38178],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,38179,38180,38182,38184,38187,38189,38192],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,38181,37927],{"class":49},[43,38183,54],{"class":53},[43,38185,38186],{"class":236},"function",[43,38188,800],{"class":53},[43,38190,38191],{"class":236}," iterable",[43,38193,227],{"class":53},[402,38195,38196],{"id":38186},[18,38197,38186],{},[14,38199,38200],{},"This is the test function.",[150,38202,38203,38206],{},[153,38204,38205],{},"It receives one item at a time",[153,38207,38208,38209,2172,38211],{},"It should return ",[18,38210,105],{},[18,38212,613],{},[402,38214,38215],{"id":4042},[18,38216,4042],{},[14,38218,38219],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[14,38221,38222],{},"It can be:",[150,38224,38225,38228,38231,38234,38237],{},[153,38226,38227],{},"a list",[153,38229,38230],{},"a tuple",[153,38232,38233],{},"a string",[153,38235,38236],{},"a set",[153,38238,38239],{},"another iterable object",[14,38241,38242],{},"Example with a tuple:",[34,38244,38246],{"className":36,"code":38245,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38247,38248,38273,38277,38305],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,38249,38250,38252,38254,38256,38258,38260,38263,38265,38267,38269,38271],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,38251,3937],{"class":207},[43,38253,212],{"class":211},[43,38255,9552],{"class":53},[43,38257,512],{"class":63},[43,38259,800],{"class":53},[43,38261,38262],{"class":63}," 15",[43,38264,800],{"class":53},[43,38266,8115],{"class":63},[43,38268,800],{"class":53},[43,38270,9622],{"class":63},[43,38272,227],{"class":53},[43,38274,38275],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,38276,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,38278,38279,38281,38283,38285,38287,38289,38291,38293,38295,38297,38299,38301,38303],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,38280,1282],{"class":207},[43,38282,212],{"class":211},[43,38284,37980],{"class":49},[43,38286,54],{"class":53},[43,38288,37985],{"class":274},[43,38290,37989],{"class":37988},[43,38292,325],{"class":53},[43,38294,4200],{"class":236},[43,38296,5422],{"class":211},[43,38298,8115],{"class":63},[43,38300,800],{"class":53},[43,38302,4586],{"class":236},[43,38304,227],{"class":53},[43,38306,38307,38309,38311,38313,38315,38317],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,38308,50],{"class":49},[43,38310,54],{"class":53},[43,38312,849],{"class":57},[43,38314,54],{"class":53},[43,38316,1306],{"class":236},[43,38318,67],{"class":53},[14,38320,110],{},[34,38322,38324],{"className":36,"code":38323,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[20, 25]\n",[18,38325,38326],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,38327,38328,38330,38332,38334,38336],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,38329,4221],{"class":53},[43,38331,16076],{"class":63},[43,38333,800],{"class":53},[43,38335,9622],{"class":63},[43,38337,3955],{"class":53},[14,38339,38340,38341,315],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[189,38342,5460],{"href":5912},[29,38344,38346],{"id":38345},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[14,38348,38349,38350,22298,38352,315],{},"In Python 3, ",[18,38351,37901],{},[913,38353,38354],{},"filter object",[14,38356,38357],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[150,38359,38360,38363,38368],{},[153,38361,38362],{},"loop through it",[153,38364,38365,38366],{},"convert it with ",[18,38367,25105],{},[153,38369,38365,38370],{},[18,38371,38372],{},"tuple()",[14,38374,197],{},[34,38376,38378],{"className":36,"code":38377,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38379,38380,38422,38426,38436,38450],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,38381,38382,38384,38386,38388,38390,38392,38394,38396,38398,38400,38402,38404,38406,38408,38410,38412,38414,38416,38418,38420],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,38383,1282],{"class":207},[43,38385,212],{"class":211},[43,38387,37980],{"class":49},[43,38389,54],{"class":53},[43,38391,37985],{"class":274},[43,38393,37989],{"class":37988},[43,38395,325],{"class":53},[43,38397,4200],{"class":236},[43,38399,4575],{"class":211},[43,38401,803],{"class":63},[43,38403,800],{"class":53},[43,38405,3942],{"class":53},[43,38407,797],{"class":63},[43,38409,800],{"class":53},[43,38411,803],{"class":63},[43,38413,800],{"class":53},[43,38415,808],{"class":63},[43,38417,800],{"class":53},[43,38419,2789],{"class":63},[43,38421,4209],{"class":53},[43,38423,38424],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,38425,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,38427,38428,38430,38432,38434],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,38429,50],{"class":49},[43,38431,54],{"class":53},[43,38433,1306],{"class":236},[43,38435,227],{"class":53},[43,38437,38438,38440,38442,38444,38446,38448],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,38439,50],{"class":49},[43,38441,54],{"class":53},[43,38443,248],{"class":57},[43,38445,54],{"class":53},[43,38447,1306],{"class":236},[43,38449,67],{"class":53},[43,38451,38452,38454,38456,38458,38460,38462],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,38453,50],{"class":49},[43,38455,54],{"class":53},[43,38457,849],{"class":57},[43,38459,54],{"class":53},[43,38461,1306],{"class":236},[43,38463,67],{"class":53},[14,38465,110],{},[34,38467,38469],{"className":36,"code":38468,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[18,38470,38471,38485,38499],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,38472,38473,38475,38477,38479,38481,38483],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,38474,271],{"class":211},[43,38476,37927],{"class":49},[43,38478,24941],{"class":57},[43,38480,37689],{"class":207},[43,38482,37696],{"class":34776},[43,38484,286],{"class":211},[43,38486,38487,38489,38491,38493,38495,38497],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,38488,271],{"class":211},[43,38490,275],{"class":274},[43,38492,278],{"class":81},[43,38494,37927],{"class":85},[43,38496,283],{"class":81},[43,38498,286],{"class":211},[43,38500,38501,38503,38505,38507,38509],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,38502,4221],{"class":53},[43,38504,2409],{"class":63},[43,38506,800],{"class":53},[43,38508,2789],{"class":63},[43,38510,3955],{"class":53},[14,38512,38513],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[402,38515,38517],{"id":38516},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[14,38519,38520],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[34,38522,38524],{"className":36,"code":38523,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38525,38526,38568,38572,38586],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,38527,38528,38530,38532,38534,38536,38538,38540,38542,38544,38546,38548,38550,38552,38554,38556,38558,38560,38562,38564,38566],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,38529,1282],{"class":207},[43,38531,212],{"class":211},[43,38533,37980],{"class":49},[43,38535,54],{"class":53},[43,38537,37985],{"class":274},[43,38539,37989],{"class":37988},[43,38541,325],{"class":53},[43,38543,4200],{"class":236},[43,38545,4575],{"class":211},[43,38547,803],{"class":63},[43,38549,800],{"class":53},[43,38551,3942],{"class":53},[43,38553,797],{"class":63},[43,38555,800],{"class":53},[43,38557,803],{"class":63},[43,38559,800],{"class":53},[43,38561,808],{"class":63},[43,38563,800],{"class":53},[43,38565,2789],{"class":63},[43,38567,4209],{"class":53},[43,38569,38570],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,38571,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,38573,38574,38576,38578,38580,38582,38584],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,38575,50],{"class":49},[43,38577,54],{"class":53},[43,38579,849],{"class":57},[43,38581,54],{"class":53},[43,38583,1306],{"class":236},[43,38585,67],{"class":53},[43,38587,38588,38590,38592,38594,38596,38598],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,38589,50],{"class":49},[43,38591,54],{"class":53},[43,38593,849],{"class":57},[43,38595,54],{"class":53},[43,38597,1306],{"class":236},[43,38599,67],{"class":53},[14,38601,110],{},[34,38603,38605],{"className":36,"code":38604,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[18,38606,38607,38619],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,38608,38609,38611,38613,38615,38617],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,38610,4221],{"class":53},[43,38612,2409],{"class":63},[43,38614,800],{"class":53},[43,38616,2789],{"class":63},[43,38618,3955],{"class":53},[43,38620,38621],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,38622,38623],{"class":53},"[]\n",[14,38625,38626],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[29,38628,8738,38630,9023,38632],{"id":38629},"using-filter-with-lambda",[18,38631,37901],{},[18,38633,37985],{},[14,38635,1549,38636,38638],{},[18,38637,37985],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[14,38640,38641],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[34,38643,38645],{"className":36,"code":38644,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38646,38647,38689,38693,38731],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,38648,38649,38651,38653,38655,38657,38659,38661,38663,38665,38668,38670,38672,38674,38676,38678,38680,38682,38685,38687],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,38650,4392],{"class":207},[43,38652,212],{"class":211},[43,38654,3942],{"class":53},[43,38656,82],{"class":81},[43,38658,4401],{"class":85},[43,38660,82],{"class":81},[43,38662,800],{"class":53},[43,38664,932],{"class":81},[43,38666,38667],{"class":85},"kiwi",[43,38669,82],{"class":81},[43,38671,800],{"class":53},[43,38673,932],{"class":81},[43,38675,4410],{"class":85},[43,38677,82],{"class":81},[43,38679,800],{"class":53},[43,38681,932],{"class":81},[43,38683,38684],{"class":85},"fig",[43,38686,82],{"class":81},[43,38688,3955],{"class":53},[43,38690,38691],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,38692,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,38694,38695,38697,38699,38701,38703,38705,38708,38710,38713,38715,38718,38720,38723,38725,38727,38729],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,38696,1282],{"class":207},[43,38698,212],{"class":211},[43,38700,37980],{"class":49},[43,38702,54],{"class":53},[43,38704,37985],{"class":274},[43,38706,38707],{"class":37988}," word",[43,38709,325],{"class":53},[43,38711,38712],{"class":49}," len",[43,38714,54],{"class":53},[43,38716,38717],{"class":236},"word",[43,38719,1221],{"class":53},[43,38721,38722],{"class":211}," >",[43,38724,2789],{"class":63},[43,38726,800],{"class":53},[43,38728,6495],{"class":236},[43,38730,227],{"class":53},[43,38732,38733,38735,38737,38739,38741,38743],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,38734,50],{"class":49},[43,38736,54],{"class":53},[43,38738,849],{"class":57},[43,38740,54],{"class":53},[43,38742,1306],{"class":236},[43,38744,67],{"class":53},[14,38746,110],{},[34,38748,38750],{"className":36,"code":38749,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[18,38751,38752],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,38753,38754,38756,38758,38760,38762,38764,38766,38768,38770],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,38755,4221],{"class":53},[43,38757,283],{"class":81},[43,38759,4401],{"class":85},[43,38761,283],{"class":81},[43,38763,800],{"class":53},[43,38765,278],{"class":81},[43,38767,4410],{"class":85},[43,38769,283],{"class":81},[43,38771,3955],{"class":53},[14,38773,38774],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[14,38776,38777,38778,315],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[189,38779,38781],{"href":38780},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[29,38783,8738,38785,38787],{"id":38784},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[18,38786,37901],{}," with a named function",[14,38789,38790,38791,315],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[18,38792,37985],{},[14,38794,38795],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[150,38797,38798,38801,38804],{},[153,38799,38800],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[153,38802,38803],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[153,38805,38806],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[34,38808,38810],{"className":36,"code":38809,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38811,38812,38825,38840,38844,38876,38895,38899],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,38813,38814,38816,38819,38821,38823],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,38815,35173],{"class":274},[43,38817,38818],{"class":35176}," is_even",[43,38820,54],{"class":53},[43,38822,237],{"class":37988},[43,38824,8662],{"class":53},[43,38826,38827,38829,38831,38833,38835,38837],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,38828,35184],{"class":1927},[43,38830,6713],{"class":207},[43,38832,6729],{"class":211},[43,38834,803],{"class":63},[43,38836,6734],{"class":211},[43,38838,38839],{"class":63}," 0\n",[43,38841,38842],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,38843,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,38845,38846,38848,38850,38852,38854,38856,38858,38860,38862,38864,38866,38868,38870,38872,38874],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,38847,3937],{"class":207},[43,38849,212],{"class":211},[43,38851,3942],{"class":53},[43,38853,797],{"class":63},[43,38855,800],{"class":53},[43,38857,803],{"class":63},[43,38859,800],{"class":53},[43,38861,808],{"class":63},[43,38863,800],{"class":53},[43,38865,2789],{"class":63},[43,38867,800],{"class":53},[43,38869,4929],{"class":63},[43,38871,800],{"class":53},[43,38873,37969],{"class":63},[43,38875,3955],{"class":53},[43,38877,38878,38880,38882,38884,38886,38889,38891,38893],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,38879,1282],{"class":207},[43,38881,212],{"class":211},[43,38883,37980],{"class":49},[43,38885,54],{"class":53},[43,38887,38888],{"class":236},"is_even",[43,38890,800],{"class":53},[43,38892,4586],{"class":236},[43,38894,227],{"class":53},[43,38896,38897],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,38898,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,38900,38901,38903,38905,38907,38909,38911],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,38902,50],{"class":49},[43,38904,54],{"class":53},[43,38906,849],{"class":57},[43,38908,54],{"class":53},[43,38910,1306],{"class":236},[43,38912,67],{"class":53},[14,38914,110],{},[34,38916,38918],{"className":36,"code":38917,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[18,38919,38920],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,38921,38922,38924,38926,38928,38930,38932,38934],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,38923,4221],{"class":53},[43,38925,447],{"class":63},[43,38927,800],{"class":53},[43,38929,2789],{"class":63},[43,38931,800],{"class":53},[43,38933,37969],{"class":63},[43,38935,3955],{"class":53},[14,38937,21094,38938,2733,38941,38943],{},[18,38939,38940],{},"is_even()",[18,38942,105],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[29,38945,8738,38947,9023,38949],{"id":38946},"using-none-with-filter",[18,38948,4099],{},[18,38950,37901],{},[14,38952,38953,38954,38956],{},"You can pass ",[18,38955,4099],{}," as the first argument:",[34,38958,38960],{"className":36,"code":38959,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[18,38961,38962],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,38963,38964,38966,38968,38970,38972,38974],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,38965,37927],{"class":49},[43,38967,54],{"class":53},[43,38969,4099],{"class":104},[43,38971,800],{"class":53},[43,38973,38191],{"class":236},[43,38975,227],{"class":53},[14,38977,38978,38979,7664],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[913,38980,5922],{},[14,38982,38983],{},"Falsy values include:",[150,38985,38986,38990,38995,38999],{},[153,38987,38988],{},[18,38989,2466],{},[153,38991,38992,38994],{},[18,38993,4094],{}," (empty string)",[153,38996,38997],{},[18,38998,4099],{},[153,39000,39001],{},[18,39002,613],{},[14,39004,197],{},[34,39006,39008],{"className":36,"code":39007,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,39009,39010,39054,39058,39076],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39011,39012,39014,39016,39018,39020,39022,39024,39026,39028,39030,39032,39034,39036,39038,39040,39042,39044,39046,39048,39050,39052],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39013,8104],{"class":207},[43,39015,212],{"class":211},[43,39017,3942],{"class":53},[43,39019,2466],{"class":63},[43,39021,800],{"class":53},[43,39023,5823],{"class":63},[43,39025,800],{"class":53},[43,39027,6453],{"class":81},[43,39029,800],{"class":53},[43,39031,932],{"class":81},[43,39033,710],{"class":85},[43,39035,82],{"class":81},[43,39037,800],{"class":53},[43,39039,4173],{"class":104},[43,39041,800],{"class":53},[43,39043,4237],{"class":104},[43,39045,800],{"class":53},[43,39047,4228],{"class":104},[43,39049,800],{"class":53},[43,39051,4929],{"class":63},[43,39053,3955],{"class":53},[43,39055,39056],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,39057,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,39059,39060,39062,39064,39066,39068,39070,39072,39074],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,39061,1282],{"class":207},[43,39063,212],{"class":211},[43,39065,37980],{"class":49},[43,39067,54],{"class":53},[43,39069,4099],{"class":104},[43,39071,800],{"class":53},[43,39073,6292],{"class":236},[43,39075,227],{"class":53},[43,39077,39078,39080,39082,39084,39086,39088],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,39079,50],{"class":49},[43,39081,54],{"class":53},[43,39083,849],{"class":57},[43,39085,54],{"class":53},[43,39087,1306],{"class":236},[43,39089,67],{"class":53},[14,39091,110],{},[34,39093,39095],{"className":36,"code":39094,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[18,39096,39097],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39098,39099,39101,39103,39105,39107,39109,39111,39113,39115,39117,39119],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39100,4221],{"class":53},[43,39102,797],{"class":63},[43,39104,800],{"class":53},[43,39106,278],{"class":81},[43,39108,710],{"class":85},[43,39110,283],{"class":81},[43,39112,800],{"class":53},[43,39114,4237],{"class":104},[43,39116,800],{"class":53},[43,39118,4929],{"class":63},[43,39120,3955],{"class":53},[14,39122,39123],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[29,39125,5284,39127],{"id":39126},"when-to-use-filter",[18,39128,37901],{},[14,39130,133,39131,39133],{},[18,39132,37901],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[14,39135,39136],{},"It works well for:",[150,39138,39139,39142,39145],{},[153,39140,39141],{},"simple filtering rules",[153,39143,39144],{},"quick data cleaning",[153,39146,39147],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[14,39149,197],{},[34,39151,39153],{"className":36,"code":39152,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[18,39154,39155,39187,39220,39224],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39156,39157,39159,39161,39163,39165,39167,39169,39171,39173,39175,39177,39179,39181,39183,39185],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39158,3937],{"class":207},[43,39160,212],{"class":211},[43,39162,3942],{"class":53},[43,39164,797],{"class":63},[43,39166,800],{"class":53},[43,39168,803],{"class":63},[43,39170,800],{"class":53},[43,39172,808],{"class":63},[43,39174,800],{"class":53},[43,39176,2789],{"class":63},[43,39178,800],{"class":53},[43,39180,4929],{"class":63},[43,39182,800],{"class":53},[43,39184,37969],{"class":63},[43,39186,3955],{"class":53},[43,39188,39189,39192,39194,39196,39198,39200,39202,39204,39206,39208,39210,39212,39214,39216,39218],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,39190,39191],{"class":207},"evens ",[43,39193,212],{"class":211},[43,39195,37980],{"class":49},[43,39197,54],{"class":53},[43,39199,37985],{"class":274},[43,39201,37989],{"class":37988},[43,39203,325],{"class":53},[43,39205,4200],{"class":236},[43,39207,6729],{"class":211},[43,39209,803],{"class":63},[43,39211,6734],{"class":211},[43,39213,4155],{"class":63},[43,39215,800],{"class":53},[43,39217,4586],{"class":236},[43,39219,227],{"class":53},[43,39221,39222],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,39223,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,39225,39226,39228,39230,39232,39234,39237],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,39227,50],{"class":49},[43,39229,54],{"class":53},[43,39231,849],{"class":57},[43,39233,54],{"class":53},[43,39235,39236],{"class":236},"evens",[43,39238,67],{"class":53},[14,39240,110],{},[34,39242,39243],{"className":36,"code":38917,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,39244,39245],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39246,39247,39249,39251,39253,39255,39257,39259],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39248,4221],{"class":53},[43,39250,447],{"class":63},[43,39252,800],{"class":53},[43,39254,2789],{"class":63},[43,39256,800],{"class":53},[43,39258,37969],{"class":63},[43,39260,3955],{"class":53},[14,39262,39263,39264,39266],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[18,39265,6284],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[34,39268,39270],{"className":36,"code":39269,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[18,39271,39272,39304,39312,39316,39328,39344,39359,39363],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39273,39274,39276,39278,39280,39282,39284,39286,39288,39290,39292,39294,39296,39298,39300,39302],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39275,3937],{"class":207},[43,39277,212],{"class":211},[43,39279,3942],{"class":53},[43,39281,797],{"class":63},[43,39283,800],{"class":53},[43,39285,803],{"class":63},[43,39287,800],{"class":53},[43,39289,808],{"class":63},[43,39291,800],{"class":53},[43,39293,2789],{"class":63},[43,39295,800],{"class":53},[43,39297,4929],{"class":63},[43,39299,800],{"class":53},[43,39301,37969],{"class":63},[43,39303,3955],{"class":53},[43,39305,39306,39308,39310],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,39307,39191],{"class":207},[43,39309,212],{"class":211},[43,39311,8164],{"class":53},[43,39313,39314],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,39315,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,39317,39318,39320,39322,39324,39326],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,39319,6284],{"class":1927},[43,39321,6713],{"class":207},[43,39323,4203],{"class":1927},[43,39325,4586],{"class":207},[43,39327,1931],{"class":53},[43,39329,39330,39332,39334,39336,39338,39340,39342],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,39331,6724],{"class":1927},[43,39333,6713],{"class":207},[43,39335,6729],{"class":211},[43,39337,803],{"class":63},[43,39339,6734],{"class":211},[43,39341,4155],{"class":63},[43,39343,1931],{"class":53},[43,39345,39346,39349,39351,39353,39355,39357],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,39347,39348],{"class":207},"        evens",[43,39350,315],{"class":53},[43,39352,13874],{"class":236},[43,39354,54],{"class":53},[43,39356,237],{"class":236},[43,39358,227],{"class":53},[43,39360,39361],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,39362,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,39364,39365,39367,39369,39371],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,39366,50],{"class":49},[43,39368,54],{"class":53},[43,39370,39236],{"class":236},[43,39372,227],{"class":53},[14,39374,110],{},[34,39376,39377],{"className":36,"code":38917,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,39378,39379],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39380,39381,39383,39385,39387,39389,39391,39393],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39382,4221],{"class":53},[43,39384,447],{"class":63},[43,39386,800],{"class":53},[43,39388,2789],{"class":63},[43,39390,800],{"class":53},[43,39392,37969],{"class":63},[43,39394,3955],{"class":53},[14,39396,39397],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[34,39399,39401],{"className":36,"code":39400,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[18,39402,39403,39435,39468,39472],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39404,39405,39407,39409,39411,39413,39415,39417,39419,39421,39423,39425,39427,39429,39431,39433],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39406,3937],{"class":207},[43,39408,212],{"class":211},[43,39410,3942],{"class":53},[43,39412,797],{"class":63},[43,39414,800],{"class":53},[43,39416,803],{"class":63},[43,39418,800],{"class":53},[43,39420,808],{"class":63},[43,39422,800],{"class":53},[43,39424,2789],{"class":63},[43,39426,800],{"class":53},[43,39428,4929],{"class":63},[43,39430,800],{"class":53},[43,39432,37969],{"class":63},[43,39434,3955],{"class":53},[43,39436,39437,39439,39441,39443,39445,39447,39449,39451,39454,39456,39458,39460,39462,39464,39466],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,39438,39191],{"class":207},[43,39440,212],{"class":211},[43,39442,3942],{"class":53},[43,39444,208],{"class":207},[43,39446,6284],{"class":1927},[43,39448,6713],{"class":207},[43,39450,4203],{"class":1927},[43,39452,39453],{"class":207}," numbers ",[43,39455,7323],{"class":1927},[43,39457,6713],{"class":207},[43,39459,6729],{"class":211},[43,39461,803],{"class":63},[43,39463,6734],{"class":211},[43,39465,4155],{"class":63},[43,39467,3955],{"class":53},[43,39469,39470],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,39471,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,39473,39474,39476,39478,39480],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,39475,50],{"class":49},[43,39477,54],{"class":53},[43,39479,39236],{"class":236},[43,39481,227],{"class":53},[14,39483,110],{},[34,39485,39486],{"className":36,"code":38917,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,39487,39488],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39489,39490,39492,39494,39496,39498,39500,39502],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39491,4221],{"class":53},[43,39493,447],{"class":63},[43,39495,800],{"class":53},[43,39497,2789],{"class":63},[43,39499,800],{"class":53},[43,39501,37969],{"class":63},[43,39503,3955],{"class":53},[14,39505,39506,39507,315],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[189,39508,39510],{"href":39509},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[29,39512,3160],{"id":3159},[14,39514,15055,39515,315],{},[18,39516,37901],{},[402,39518,8773,39520,39522],{"id":39519},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[18,39521,37901],{}," to return a list",[14,39524,39525],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[34,39527,39529],{"className":36,"code":39528,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[18,39530,39531,39573],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39532,39533,39535,39537,39539,39541,39543,39545,39547,39549,39551,39553,39555,39557,39559,39561,39563,39565,39567,39569,39571],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39534,1282],{"class":207},[43,39536,212],{"class":211},[43,39538,37980],{"class":49},[43,39540,54],{"class":53},[43,39542,37985],{"class":274},[43,39544,37989],{"class":37988},[43,39546,325],{"class":53},[43,39548,4200],{"class":236},[43,39550,4575],{"class":211},[43,39552,803],{"class":63},[43,39554,800],{"class":53},[43,39556,3942],{"class":53},[43,39558,797],{"class":63},[43,39560,800],{"class":53},[43,39562,803],{"class":63},[43,39564,800],{"class":53},[43,39566,808],{"class":63},[43,39568,800],{"class":53},[43,39570,2789],{"class":63},[43,39572,4209],{"class":53},[43,39574,39575,39577,39579,39581],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,39576,50],{"class":49},[43,39578,54],{"class":53},[43,39580,1306],{"class":236},[43,39582,227],{"class":53},[14,39584,39585],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[14,39587,39588],{},"Fix:",[34,39590,39592],{"className":36,"code":39591,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,39593,39594,39636],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39595,39596,39598,39600,39602,39604,39606,39608,39610,39612,39614,39616,39618,39620,39622,39624,39626,39628,39630,39632,39634],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39597,1282],{"class":207},[43,39599,212],{"class":211},[43,39601,37980],{"class":49},[43,39603,54],{"class":53},[43,39605,37985],{"class":274},[43,39607,37989],{"class":37988},[43,39609,325],{"class":53},[43,39611,4200],{"class":236},[43,39613,4575],{"class":211},[43,39615,803],{"class":63},[43,39617,800],{"class":53},[43,39619,3942],{"class":53},[43,39621,797],{"class":63},[43,39623,800],{"class":53},[43,39625,803],{"class":63},[43,39627,800],{"class":53},[43,39629,808],{"class":63},[43,39631,800],{"class":53},[43,39633,2789],{"class":63},[43,39635,4209],{"class":53},[43,39637,39638,39640,39642,39644,39646,39648],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,39639,50],{"class":49},[43,39641,54],{"class":53},[43,39643,849],{"class":57},[43,39645,54],{"class":53},[43,39647,1306],{"class":236},[43,39649,67],{"class":53},[402,39651,39653,39654,2172,39656,39658],{"id":39652},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[18,39655,105],{},[18,39657,613],{}," clearly",[14,39660,39661],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[14,39663,39664],{},"Good example:",[34,39666,39668],{"className":36,"code":39667,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[18,39669,39670,39683],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39671,39672,39674,39677,39679,39681],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39673,35173],{"class":274},[43,39675,39676],{"class":35176}," is_positive",[43,39678,54],{"class":53},[43,39680,237],{"class":37988},[43,39682,8662],{"class":53},[43,39684,39685,39687,39689,39691],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,39686,35184],{"class":1927},[43,39688,6713],{"class":207},[43,39690,4575],{"class":211},[43,39692,38839],{"class":63},[14,39694,39695],{},"Then use it with:",[34,39697,39699],{"className":36,"code":39698,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[18,39700,39701,39733],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39702,39703,39705,39707,39709,39711,39713,39715,39717,39719,39721,39723,39725,39727,39729,39731],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39704,3937],{"class":207},[43,39706,212],{"class":211},[43,39708,3942],{"class":53},[43,39710,444],{"class":211},[43,39712,447],{"class":63},[43,39714,800],{"class":53},[43,39716,2564],{"class":211},[43,39718,797],{"class":63},[43,39720,800],{"class":53},[43,39722,4155],{"class":63},[43,39724,800],{"class":53},[43,39726,5823],{"class":63},[43,39728,800],{"class":53},[43,39730,803],{"class":63},[43,39732,3955],{"class":53},[43,39734,39735,39737,39739,39741,39743,39745,39747,39750,39752,39754],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,39736,50],{"class":49},[43,39738,54],{"class":53},[43,39740,849],{"class":57},[43,39742,54],{"class":53},[43,39744,37927],{"class":49},[43,39746,54],{"class":53},[43,39748,39749],{"class":236},"is_positive",[43,39751,800],{"class":53},[43,39753,4586],{"class":236},[43,39755,3239],{"class":53},[14,39757,110],{},[34,39759,39761],{"className":36,"code":39760,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2]\n",[18,39762,39763],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39764,39765,39767,39769,39771,39773],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39766,4221],{"class":53},[43,39768,797],{"class":63},[43,39770,800],{"class":53},[43,39772,803],{"class":63},[43,39774,3955],{"class":53},[402,39776,39778],{"id":39777},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[14,39780,39781],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[34,39783,39784],{"className":36,"code":38523,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,39785,39786,39828,39832,39846],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39787,39788,39790,39792,39794,39796,39798,39800,39802,39804,39806,39808,39810,39812,39814,39816,39818,39820,39822,39824,39826],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39789,1282],{"class":207},[43,39791,212],{"class":211},[43,39793,37980],{"class":49},[43,39795,54],{"class":53},[43,39797,37985],{"class":274},[43,39799,37989],{"class":37988},[43,39801,325],{"class":53},[43,39803,4200],{"class":236},[43,39805,4575],{"class":211},[43,39807,803],{"class":63},[43,39809,800],{"class":53},[43,39811,3942],{"class":53},[43,39813,797],{"class":63},[43,39815,800],{"class":53},[43,39817,803],{"class":63},[43,39819,800],{"class":53},[43,39821,808],{"class":63},[43,39823,800],{"class":53},[43,39825,2789],{"class":63},[43,39827,4209],{"class":53},[43,39829,39830],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,39831,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,39833,39834,39836,39838,39840,39842,39844],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,39835,50],{"class":49},[43,39837,54],{"class":53},[43,39839,849],{"class":57},[43,39841,54],{"class":53},[43,39843,1306],{"class":236},[43,39845,67],{"class":53},[43,39847,39848,39850,39852,39854,39856,39858],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,39849,50],{"class":49},[43,39851,54],{"class":53},[43,39853,849],{"class":57},[43,39855,54],{"class":53},[43,39857,1306],{"class":236},[43,39859,67],{"class":53},[14,39861,110],{},[34,39863,39864],{"className":36,"code":38604,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,39865,39866,39878],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39867,39868,39870,39872,39874,39876],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39869,4221],{"class":53},[43,39871,2409],{"class":63},[43,39873,800],{"class":53},[43,39875,2789],{"class":63},[43,39877,3955],{"class":53},[43,39879,39880],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,39881,38623],{"class":53},[14,39883,39884],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[34,39886,39888],{"className":36,"code":39887,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[18,39889,39890,39936,39940,39950],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39891,39892,39894,39896,39898,39900,39902,39904,39906,39908,39910,39912,39914,39916,39918,39920,39922,39924,39926,39928,39930,39932,39934],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39893,1282],{"class":207},[43,39895,212],{"class":211},[43,39897,22883],{"class":57},[43,39899,54],{"class":53},[43,39901,37927],{"class":49},[43,39903,54],{"class":53},[43,39905,37985],{"class":274},[43,39907,37989],{"class":37988},[43,39909,325],{"class":53},[43,39911,4200],{"class":236},[43,39913,4575],{"class":211},[43,39915,803],{"class":63},[43,39917,800],{"class":53},[43,39919,3942],{"class":53},[43,39921,797],{"class":63},[43,39923,800],{"class":53},[43,39925,803],{"class":63},[43,39927,800],{"class":53},[43,39929,808],{"class":63},[43,39931,800],{"class":53},[43,39933,2789],{"class":63},[43,39935,811],{"class":53},[43,39937,39938],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,39939,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,39941,39942,39944,39946,39948],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,39943,50],{"class":49},[43,39945,54],{"class":53},[43,39947,1306],{"class":236},[43,39949,227],{"class":53},[43,39951,39952,39954,39956,39958],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,39953,50],{"class":49},[43,39955,54],{"class":53},[43,39957,1306],{"class":236},[43,39959,227],{"class":53},[402,39961,39963],{"id":39962},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[14,39965,39966],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[14,39968,16966],{},[34,39970,39972],{"className":36,"code":39971,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[18,39973,39974],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39975,39976],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39977,39971],{"class":3984},[14,39979,39980,39981,6876],{},"This causes an error because ",[18,39982,512],{},[14,39984,16978],{},[34,39986,39988],{"className":36,"code":39987,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[18,39989,39990],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,39991,39992,39994,39996,39998,40000,40002,40004,40006,40008,40010,40012,40014,40016,40018,40020,40022,40024,40026,40028,40030,40032,40034],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,39993,50],{"class":49},[43,39995,54],{"class":53},[43,39997,849],{"class":57},[43,39999,54],{"class":53},[43,40001,37927],{"class":49},[43,40003,54],{"class":53},[43,40005,37985],{"class":274},[43,40007,37989],{"class":37988},[43,40009,325],{"class":53},[43,40011,4200],{"class":236},[43,40013,4575],{"class":211},[43,40015,803],{"class":63},[43,40017,800],{"class":53},[43,40019,3942],{"class":53},[43,40021,797],{"class":63},[43,40023,800],{"class":53},[43,40025,803],{"class":63},[43,40027,800],{"class":53},[43,40029,808],{"class":63},[43,40031,800],{"class":53},[43,40033,2789],{"class":63},[43,40035,37590],{"class":53},[402,40037,37529,40039,9023,40041],{"id":40038},"confusing-filter-with-map",[18,40040,37901],{},[18,40042,40043],{},"map()",[150,40045,40046,40051],{},[153,40047,40048,40050],{},[18,40049,37901],{}," keeps or removes items",[153,40052,40053,40055],{},[18,40054,40043],{}," changes each item into a new value",[14,40057,40058,40059,325],{},"Example of ",[18,40060,37901],{},[34,40062,40064],{"className":36,"code":40063,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[18,40065,40066,40090],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,40067,40068,40070,40072,40074,40076,40078,40080,40082,40084,40086,40088],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,40069,3937],{"class":207},[43,40071,212],{"class":211},[43,40073,3942],{"class":53},[43,40075,797],{"class":63},[43,40077,800],{"class":53},[43,40079,803],{"class":63},[43,40081,800],{"class":53},[43,40083,808],{"class":63},[43,40085,800],{"class":53},[43,40087,2789],{"class":63},[43,40089,3955],{"class":53},[43,40091,40092,40094,40096,40098,40100,40102,40104,40106,40108,40110,40112,40114,40116,40118,40120],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,40093,50],{"class":49},[43,40095,54],{"class":53},[43,40097,849],{"class":57},[43,40099,54],{"class":53},[43,40101,37927],{"class":49},[43,40103,54],{"class":53},[43,40105,37985],{"class":274},[43,40107,37989],{"class":37988},[43,40109,325],{"class":53},[43,40111,4200],{"class":236},[43,40113,4575],{"class":211},[43,40115,803],{"class":63},[43,40117,800],{"class":53},[43,40119,4586],{"class":236},[43,40121,3239],{"class":53},[14,40123,110],{},[34,40125,40127],{"className":36,"code":40126,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[3, 4]\n",[18,40128,40129],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,40130,40131,40133,40135,40137,40139],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,40132,4221],{"class":53},[43,40134,2409],{"class":63},[43,40136,800],{"class":53},[43,40138,2789],{"class":63},[43,40140,3955],{"class":53},[14,40142,40058,40143,325],{},[18,40144,40043],{},[34,40146,40148],{"className":36,"code":40147,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[18,40149,40150,40174],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,40151,40152,40154,40156,40158,40160,40162,40164,40166,40168,40170,40172],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,40153,3937],{"class":207},[43,40155,212],{"class":211},[43,40157,3942],{"class":53},[43,40159,797],{"class":63},[43,40161,800],{"class":53},[43,40163,803],{"class":63},[43,40165,800],{"class":53},[43,40167,808],{"class":63},[43,40169,800],{"class":53},[43,40171,2789],{"class":63},[43,40173,3955],{"class":53},[43,40175,40176,40178,40180,40182,40184,40187,40189,40191,40193,40195,40197,40199,40201,40203,40205],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,40177,50],{"class":49},[43,40179,54],{"class":53},[43,40181,849],{"class":57},[43,40183,54],{"class":53},[43,40185,40186],{"class":49},"map",[43,40188,54],{"class":53},[43,40190,37985],{"class":274},[43,40192,37989],{"class":37988},[43,40194,325],{"class":53},[43,40196,4200],{"class":236},[43,40198,1137],{"class":211},[43,40200,803],{"class":63},[43,40202,800],{"class":53},[43,40204,4586],{"class":236},[43,40206,3239],{"class":53},[14,40208,110],{},[34,40210,40212],{"className":36,"code":40211,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[18,40213,40214],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,40215,40216,40218,40220,40222,40224,40226,40228,40230,40232],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,40217,4221],{"class":53},[43,40219,447],{"class":63},[43,40221,800],{"class":53},[43,40223,2789],{"class":63},[43,40225,800],{"class":53},[43,40227,37969],{"class":63},[43,40229,800],{"class":53},[43,40231,6686],{"class":63},[43,40233,3955],{"class":53},[14,40235,40236,40237,315],{},"For the related function, see ",[189,40238,3894,40240,3827],{"href":40239},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[18,40241,40043],{},[29,40243,2162],{"id":2161},[402,40245,13023,40247,40249],{"id":40246},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[18,40248,37901],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[14,40251,40252,40253,40255],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[18,40254,25105],{}," if needed.",[402,40257,40259,40260,40262],{"id":40258},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[18,40261,37901],{}," need to return?",[14,40264,38208,40265,40267,40268,40270],{},[18,40266,105],{}," to keep an item and ",[18,40269,613],{}," to remove it.",[402,40272,28653,40274,40276],{"id":40273},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[18,40275,37901],{}," without lambda?",[14,40278,40279],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[402,40281,5466,40283,40286],{"id":40282},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[18,40284,40285],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[14,40288,40289,40290,40292,40293,17395,40295,315],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[18,40291,2466],{},", empty strings, ",[18,40294,4099],{},[18,40296,613],{},[402,40298,21743,40300,40302],{"id":40299},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[18,40301,37901],{}," or a list comprehension?",[14,40304,40305,40306,40308],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[18,40307,6284],{}," loops easier to read.",[14,40310,40311],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[150,40313,40314,40320,40326],{},[153,40315,40316,40317,40319],{},"use ",[18,40318,37901],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[153,40321,40322,40323,40325],{},"use a ",[18,40324,6284],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[153,40327,40328],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[14,40330,40331,40332,315],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[189,40333,5456],{"href":40334},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[29,40336,2229],{"id":2228},[150,40338,40339,40344,40348,40353,40359],{},[153,40340,40341],{},[189,40342,40343],{"href":38780},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[153,40345,40346],{},[189,40347,5545],{"href":40334},[153,40349,40350],{},[189,40351,40352],{"href":39509},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[153,40354,40355],{},[189,40356,3894,40357,3827],{"href":40239},[18,40358,40043],{},[153,40360,40361],{},[189,40362,5540],{"href":5912},[2262,40364,40365],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[29,42318,32],{"id":31},[34,42320,42322],{"className":36,"code":42321,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[18,42323,42324,42334,42344],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42325,42326,42328,42330,42332],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42327,32474],{"class":49},[43,42329,54],{"class":53},[43,42331,11477],{"class":49},[43,42333,227],{"class":53},[43,42335,42336,42338,42340,42342],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,42337,32474],{"class":49},[43,42339,54],{"class":53},[43,42341,1038],{"class":57},[43,42343,227],{"class":53},[43,42345,42346,42348,42350,42352,42354,42356],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,42347,32474],{"class":49},[43,42349,54],{"class":53},[43,42351,283],{"class":81},[43,42353,34982],{"class":85},[43,42355,283],{"class":81},[43,42357,227],{"class":53},[14,42359,133,42360,42362,42363,2172,42365,42367,42368,42371],{},[18,42361,35349],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[18,42364,11477],{},[18,42366,1038],{},", or use a string such as ",[18,42369,42370],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[29,42373,42375],{"id":42374},"what-help-does","What help() does",[14,42377,42378,42380],{},[18,42379,35349],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[14,42382,42383],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[150,42385,42386,42389,42392,42395,42398],{},[153,42387,42388],{},"Functions",[153,42390,42391],{},"Classes",[153,42393,42394],{},"Methods",[153,42396,42397],{},"Modules",[153,42399,42400],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[14,42402,42403],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[14,42405,42406,42407,42413],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[189,42408,42410],{"href":42409},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[18,42411,42412],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[34,42415,42417],{"className":36,"code":42416,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"help(len)\n",[18,42418,42419],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42420,42421,42423,42425,42427],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42422,32474],{"class":49},[43,42424,54],{"class":53},[43,42426,11477],{"class":49},[43,42428,227],{"class":53},[14,42430,42431],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[29,42433,290],{"id":289},[14,42435,42436],{},"The main form is:",[34,42438,42440],{"className":36,"code":42439,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"help(object)\n",[18,42441,42442],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42443,42444,42446,42448,42451],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42445,32474],{"class":49},[43,42447,54],{"class":53},[43,42449,42450],{"class":57},"object",[43,42452,227],{"class":53},[14,42454,42455],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[14,42457,42458],{},"Common examples include:",[150,42460,42461,42465,42470,42474],{},[153,42462,42463],{},[18,42464,11477],{},[153,42466,42467],{},[18,42468,42469],{},"list.append",[153,42471,42472],{},[18,42473,1038],{},[153,42475,42476],{},[18,42477,42478],{},"open",[14,42480,7501,42481,7504],{},[18,42482,35349],{},[34,42484,42486],{"className":36,"code":42485,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"help()\n",[18,42487,42488],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42489,42490,42492],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42491,32474],{"class":49},[43,42493,1728],{"class":53},[14,42495,42496],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[29,42498,42500],{"id":42499},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[402,42502,42504],{"id":42503},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[14,42506,42507,42508,2534,42510,2534,42512,17395,42515,315],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[18,42509,11477],{},[18,42511,50],{},[18,42513,42514],{},"input",[189,42516,42517],{"href":2639},[18,42518,2642],{},[34,42520,42522],{"className":36,"code":42521,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[18,42523,42524,42534,42544],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42525,42526,42528,42530,42532],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42527,32474],{"class":49},[43,42529,54],{"class":53},[43,42531,50],{"class":49},[43,42533,227],{"class":53},[43,42535,42536,42538,42540,42542],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,42537,32474],{"class":49},[43,42539,54],{"class":53},[43,42541,42514],{"class":49},[43,42543,227],{"class":53},[43,42545,42546,42548,42550,42552],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,42547,32474],{"class":49},[43,42549,54],{"class":53},[43,42551,248],{"class":57},[43,42553,227],{"class":53},[402,42555,42557],{"id":42556},"data-types","Data types",[14,42559,42560,42561,2534,42563,2534,42565,17395,42567,315],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[18,42562,1038],{},[18,42564,849],{},[18,42566,9140],{},[18,42568,6613],{},[34,42570,42572],{"className":36,"code":42571,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[18,42573,42574,42584,42594],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42575,42576,42578,42580,42582],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42577,32474],{"class":49},[43,42579,54],{"class":53},[43,42581,1038],{"class":57},[43,42583,227],{"class":53},[43,42585,42586,42588,42590,42592],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,42587,32474],{"class":49},[43,42589,54],{"class":53},[43,42591,849],{"class":57},[43,42593,227],{"class":53},[43,42595,42596,42598,42600,42602],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,42597,32474],{"class":49},[43,42599,54],{"class":53},[43,42601,9140],{"class":57},[43,42603,227],{"class":53},[14,42605,42606],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[402,42608,42394],{"id":34829},[14,42610,42611,42612,895,42615,315],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[18,42613,42614],{},"str.split",[18,42616,42469],{},[34,42618,42620],{"className":36,"code":42619,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[18,42621,42622,42636],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42623,42624,42626,42628,42630,42632,42634],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42625,32474],{"class":49},[43,42627,54],{"class":53},[43,42629,1038],{"class":57},[43,42631,315],{"class":53},[43,42633,34792],{"class":25074},[43,42635,227],{"class":53},[43,42637,42638,42640,42642,42644,42646,42648],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,42639,32474],{"class":49},[43,42641,54],{"class":53},[43,42643,849],{"class":57},[43,42645,315],{"class":53},[43,42647,13874],{"class":25074},[43,42649,227],{"class":53},[14,42651,42652,42653,9023,42655,28638,42660,42662,42663,42665],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[18,42654,35349],{},[189,42656,42658],{"href":42657},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[18,42659,34634],{},[18,42661,34634],{}," shows available names, while ",[18,42664,35349],{}," explains one of them.",[402,42667,42397],{"id":34982},[14,42669,42670,42671,2534,42673,17395,42675,315],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[18,42672,18739],{},[18,42674,35512],{},[18,42676,42677],{},"os",[34,42679,42681],{"className":36,"code":42680,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[18,42682,42683,42689],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42684,42685,42687],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42686,35413],{"class":1927},[43,42688,35416],{"class":207},[43,42690,42691,42693,42695,42697],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,42692,32474],{"class":49},[43,42694,54],{"class":53},[43,42696,18739],{"class":236},[43,42698,227],{"class":53},[14,42700,42701,42702,42706,42707,315],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[189,42703,42705],{"href":42704},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[189,42708,35479],{"href":42709},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[29,42711,35240],{"id":35239},[14,42713,42714,42716],{},[18,42715,35349],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[14,42718,42719],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[150,42721,42722,42725,42728,42731],{},[153,42723,42724],{},"The function signature",[153,42726,42727],{},"The short description",[153,42729,42730],{},"Parameter names",[153,42732,42733],{},"Return value details, when shown",[14,42735,5797],{},[34,42737,42739],{"className":36,"code":42738,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"help(str.split)\n",[18,42740,42741],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42742,42743,42745,42747,42749,42751,42753],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42744,32474],{"class":49},[43,42746,54],{"class":53},[43,42748,1038],{"class":57},[43,42750,315],{"class":53},[43,42752,34792],{"class":25074},[43,42754,227],{"class":53},[14,42756,42757],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[150,42759,42760,42763,42766,42768],{},[153,42761,42762],{},"What object this is",[153,42764,42765],{},"What arguments it accepts",[153,42767,22293],{},[153,42769,42770],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[14,42772,42773],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[29,42775,42777],{"id":42776},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[14,42779,42780,30194],{},[18,42781,35349],{},[150,42783,42784,42787,42790,42793],{},[153,42785,42786],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[153,42788,42789],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[153,42791,42792],{},"You are exploring a new module",[153,42794,42795],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[14,42797,42798],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[34,42800,42801],{"className":36,"code":42738,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,42802,42803],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42804,42805,42807,42809,42811,42813,42815],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42806,32474],{"class":49},[43,42808,54],{"class":53},[43,42810,1038],{"class":57},[43,42812,315],{"class":53},[43,42814,34792],{"class":25074},[43,42816,227],{"class":53},[14,42818,42819],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[34,42821,42823],{"className":36,"code":42822,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"help(open)\n",[18,42824,42825],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42826,42827,42829,42831,42833],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42828,32474],{"class":49},[43,42830,54],{"class":53},[43,42832,42478],{"class":49},[43,42834,227],{"class":53},[29,42836,42838],{"id":42837},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[14,42840,42841,42843],{},[18,42842,35349],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[150,42845,42846,42849,42852,42855],{},[153,42847,42848],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[153,42850,42851],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[153,42853,42854],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[153,42856,42857],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[14,42859,42860,42861,42863],{},"So, ",[18,42862,35349],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[14,42865,5797],{},[34,42867,42869],{"className":36,"code":42868,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,42870,42871,42884,42908,42912],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42872,42873,42875,42877,42879,42882],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42874,927],{"class":207},[43,42876,212],{"class":211},[43,42878,932],{"class":81},[43,42880,42881],{"class":85},"a,b,c",[43,42883,938],{"class":81},[43,42885,42886,42889,42891,42894,42896,42898,42900,42902,42904,42906],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,42887,42888],{"class":207},"parts ",[43,42890,212],{"class":211},[43,42892,42893],{"class":207}," text",[43,42895,315],{"class":53},[43,42897,34792],{"class":236},[43,42899,54],{"class":53},[43,42901,82],{"class":81},[43,42903,800],{"class":85},[43,42905,82],{"class":81},[43,42907,227],{"class":53},[43,42909,42910],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,42911,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,42913,42914,42916,42918,42921],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,42915,50],{"class":49},[43,42917,54],{"class":53},[43,42919,42920],{"class":236},"parts",[43,42922,227],{"class":53},[14,42924,5885],{},[34,42926,42928],{"className":36,"code":42927,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,42929,42930],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,42931,42932,42934,42936,42938,42940,42942,42944,42946,42948,42950,42952,42954,42956],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,42933,4221],{"class":53},[43,42935,283],{"class":81},[43,42937,189],{"class":85},[43,42939,283],{"class":81},[43,42941,800],{"class":53},[43,42943,278],{"class":81},[43,42945,1231],{"class":85},[43,42947,283],{"class":81},[43,42949,800],{"class":53},[43,42951,278],{"class":81},[43,42953,10055],{"class":85},[43,42955,283],{"class":81},[43,42957,3955],{"class":53},[14,42959,42960],{},"A good workflow is:",[29038,42962,42963,42968,42971,42974],{},[153,42964,133,42965,42967],{},[18,42966,35349],{}," to inspect something",[153,42969,42970],{},"Write a tiny example",[153,42972,42973],{},"Check the result",[153,42975,42976],{},"Repeat",[29,42978,42980],{"id":42979},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[14,42982,42983,895,42985,42987],{},[18,42984,35349],{},[18,42986,34634],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[402,42989,42990],{"id":32474},[18,42991,35349],{},[14,42993,133,42994,42996],{},[18,42995,35349],{}," when you want an explanation.",[14,42998,42999],{},"It tells you:",[150,43001,43002,43005,43008],{},[153,43003,43004],{},"What something is",[153,43006,43007],{},"How to use it",[153,43009,43010],{},"What parameters it accepts",[402,43012,43013],{"id":34695},[18,43014,34634],{},[14,43016,133,43017,43019],{},[18,43018,34634],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[34,43021,43023],{"className":36,"code":43022,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dir(str)\n",[18,43024,43025],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43026,43027,43029,43031,43033],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43028,34695],{"class":49},[43,43030,54],{"class":53},[43,43032,1038],{"class":57},[43,43034,227],{"class":53},[14,43036,43037,43038,2534,43040,17395,43042,315],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[18,43039,34792],{},[18,43041,1725],{},[18,43043,8959],{},[14,43045,43046,43047,325],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[18,43048,35349],{},[34,43050,43052],{"className":36,"code":43051,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"help(str.lower)\n",[18,43053,43054],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43055,43056,43058,43060,43062,43064,43066],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43057,32474],{"class":49},[43,43059,54],{"class":53},[43,43061,1038],{"class":57},[43,43063,315],{"class":53},[43,43065,8959],{"class":25074},[43,43067,227],{"class":53},[14,43069,43070],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[150,43072,43073,43078],{},[153,43074,133,43075,43077],{},[18,43076,34634],{}," to discover options",[153,43079,133,43080,43082],{},[18,43081,35349],{}," to understand one option",[29,43084,3160],{"id":3159},[14,43086,43087,43088,315],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[18,43089,35349],{},[402,43091,8738,43093,43096,43097],{"id":43092},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[18,43094,43095],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[18,43098,43099],{},"help(len)",[14,43101,43102],{},"These are not always the same.",[34,43104,43106],{"className":36,"code":43105,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[18,43107,43108,43118],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43109,43110,43112,43114,43116],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43111,32474],{"class":49},[43,43113,54],{"class":53},[43,43115,11477],{"class":49},[43,43117,227],{"class":53},[43,43119,43120,43122,43124,43126,43128,43130],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,43121,32474],{"class":49},[43,43123,54],{"class":53},[43,43125,283],{"class":81},[43,43127,11477],{"class":85},[43,43129,283],{"class":81},[43,43131,227],{"class":53},[14,43133,43134,43136],{},[18,43135,43099],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[14,43138,43139,43141,43142,43145],{},[18,43140,43095],{}," treats ",[18,43143,43144],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[402,43147,43149],{"id":43148},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[14,43151,43152,43154],{},[18,43153,35349],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[14,43156,43157],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[402,43159,43161],{"id":43160},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[14,43163,318,43164,43166],{},[18,43165,35349],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[14,43168,197],{},[34,43170,43172],{"className":36,"code":43171,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[18,43173,43174,43184],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43175,43176,43178,43180,43182],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43177,32474],{"class":49},[43,43179,54],{"class":53},[43,43181,11477],{"class":49},[43,43183,227],{"class":53},[43,43185,43186,43188,43190,43192,43195,43197],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,43187,50],{"class":49},[43,43189,54],{"class":53},[43,43191,82],{"class":81},[43,43193,43194],{"class":85},"Done",[43,43196,82],{"class":81},[43,43198,227],{"class":53},[14,43200,43201],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[402,43203,37529,43205,9023,43207],{"id":43204},"confusing-help-with-dir",[18,43206,35349],{},[18,43208,34634],{},[14,43210,43211,43212,315],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[18,43213,34634],{},[14,43215,43216,43217,315],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[18,43218,35349],{},[29,43220,43222],{"id":43221},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[14,43224,43225],{},"Open Python:",[34,43227,43228],{"className":36,"code":35865,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,43229,43230],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43231,43232],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43233,35865],{"class":207},[14,43235,43236],{},"Then test these commands:",[34,43238,43240],{"className":36,"code":43239,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[18,43241,43242,43252,43266,43280,43290,43305],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43243,43244,43246,43248,43250],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43245,32474],{"class":49},[43,43247,54],{"class":53},[43,43249,11477],{"class":49},[43,43251,227],{"class":53},[43,43253,43254,43256,43258,43260,43262,43264],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,43255,32474],{"class":49},[43,43257,54],{"class":53},[43,43259,1038],{"class":57},[43,43261,315],{"class":53},[43,43263,34792],{"class":25074},[43,43265,227],{"class":53},[43,43267,43268,43270,43272,43274,43276,43278],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,43269,32474],{"class":49},[43,43271,54],{"class":53},[43,43273,849],{"class":57},[43,43275,315],{"class":53},[43,43277,13874],{"class":25074},[43,43279,227],{"class":53},[43,43281,43282,43284,43286,43288],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,43283,32474],{"class":49},[43,43285,54],{"class":53},[43,43287,42478],{"class":49},[43,43289,227],{"class":53},[43,43291,43292,43294,43296,43298,43301,43303],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,43293,32474],{"class":49},[43,43295,54],{"class":53},[43,43297,283],{"class":81},[43,43299,43300],{"class":85},"keywords",[43,43302,283],{"class":81},[43,43304,227],{"class":53},[43,43306,43307,43309,43311,43313],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,43308,34695],{"class":49},[43,43310,54],{"class":53},[43,43312,1038],{"class":57},[43,43314,227],{"class":53},[14,43316,43317],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[150,43319,43320,43323,43326,43329,43332,43335],{},[153,43321,43322],{},"A built-in function",[153,43324,43325],{},"A string method",[153,43327,43328],{},"A list method",[153,43330,43331],{},"A built-in file function",[153,43333,43334],{},"A special help topic",[153,43336,1549,43337,43339],{},[18,43338,34634],{}," example for comparison",[29,43341,2162],{"id":2161},[402,43343,43345],{"id":43344},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[14,43347,43348],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[402,43350,43352],{"id":43351},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[14,43354,43355,43356,43358],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[18,43357,35349],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[34,43360,43362],{"className":36,"code":43361,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[18,43363,43364,43376,43389,43408,43412],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43365,43366,43368,43370,43372,43374],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43367,35173],{"class":274},[43,43369,35177],{"class":35176},[43,43371,54],{"class":53},[43,43373,7992],{"class":37988},[43,43375,8662],{"class":53},[43,43377,43378,43382,43386],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,43379,43381],{"class":43380},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[43,43383,43385],{"class":43384},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[43,43387,43388],{"class":43380},"\"\"\"\n",[43,43390,43391,43393,43396,43399,43401,43403,43405],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,43392,35184],{"class":1927},[43,43394,43395],{"class":274}," f",[43,43397,43398],{"class":85},"\"Hello, ",[43,43400,9594],{"class":63},[43,43402,7992],{"class":207},[43,43404,22626],{"class":63},[43,43406,43407],{"class":85},"!\"\n",[43,43409,43410],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,43411,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,43413,43414,43416,43418,43420],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,43415,32474],{"class":49},[43,43417,54],{"class":53},[43,43419,35219],{"class":236},[43,43421,227],{"class":53},[402,43423,43425],{"id":43424},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[14,43427,43428,43430,43431,43433],{},[18,43429,43099],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[18,43432,43095],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[402,43435,43437],{"id":43436},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[14,43439,43440],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[29,43442,2229],{"id":2228},[150,43444,43445,43450,43454,43459,43464],{},[153,43446,43447],{},[189,43448,43449],{"href":42657},"Python dir() function explained",[153,43451,43452],{},[189,43453,8762],{"href":2639},[153,43455,43456],{},[189,43457,43458],{"href":42409},"Python len() function explained",[153,43460,43461],{},[189,43462,43463],{"href":42704},"How import works in Python",[153,43465,43466],{},[189,43467,35479],{"href":42709},[14,43469,43470,43471,43473,43474,2534,43476,17395,43478,43480,43481,2172,43484,43487],{},"Try ",[18,43472,35349],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[18,43475,11477],{},[18,43477,50],{},[18,43479,42514],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[18,43482,43483],{},"dir(str)",[18,43485,43486],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2262,43489,43490],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":43492},[43493,43494,43495,43496,43502,43503,43504,43505,43509,43517,43518,43524],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":42374,"depth":70,"text":42375},{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":42499,"depth":70,"text":42500,"children":43497},[43498,43499,43500,43501],{"id":42503,"depth":93,"text":42504},{"id":42556,"depth":93,"text":42557},{"id":34829,"depth":93,"text":42394},{"id":34982,"depth":93,"text":42397},{"id":35239,"depth":70,"text":35240},{"id":42776,"depth":70,"text":42777},{"id":42837,"depth":70,"text":42838},{"id":42979,"depth":70,"text":42980,"children":43506},[43507,43508],{"id":32474,"depth":93,"text":35349},{"id":34695,"depth":93,"text":34634},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160,"children":43510},[43511,43513,43514,43515],{"id":43092,"depth":93,"text":43512},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43148,"depth":93,"text":43149},{"id":43160,"depth":93,"text":43161},{"id":43204,"depth":93,"text":43516},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43221,"depth":70,"text":43222},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":43519},[43520,43521,43522,43523],{"id":43344,"depth":93,"text":43345},{"id":43351,"depth":93,"text":43352},{"id":43424,"depth":93,"text":43425},{"id":43436,"depth":93,"text":43437},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42303,"description":43525},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43531,"title":43532,"body":43533,"description":44895,"extension":2312,"meta":44896,"navigation":958,"path":44897,"seo":44898,"stem":44899,"__hash__":44900},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43534,"toc":44868},[43535,43541,43546,43552,43562,43621,43631,43642,43647,43653,43655,43673,43681,43683,43685,43700,43703,43714,43716,43807,43810,43814,43819,43840,43842,43953,43955,43982,43993,43997,44000,44083,44085,44093,44099,44105,44109,44112,44222,44224,44237,44240,44254,44262,44269,44274,44288,44294,44407,44409,44470,44473,44479,44485,44488,44510,44513,44583,44586,44618,44625,44627,44630,44648,44651,44663,44669,44671,44676,44702,44705,44777,44779,44785,44788,44794,44797,44803,44813,44819,44822,44829,44832,44834,44865],[10,43536,3894,43538,3898],{"id":43537},"python-id-function-explained",[18,43539,43540],{},"id()",[14,43542,32639,43543,43545],{},[18,43544,43540],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[14,43547,43548,43549,43551],{},"Beginners usually see ",[18,43550,43540],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[14,43553,133,43554,43556,43557,43559,43560,315],{},[18,43555,43540],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[913,43558,734],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[18,43561,5012],{},[34,43563,43565],{"className":36,"code":43564,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[18,43566,43567,43579,43593,43597,43607],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43568,43569,43571,43573,43575,43577],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43570,8202],{"class":207},[43,43572,212],{"class":211},[43,43574,932],{"class":81},[43,43576,7621],{"class":85},[43,43578,938],{"class":81},[43,43580,43581,43583,43585,43587,43589,43591],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,43582,50],{"class":49},[43,43584,54],{"class":53},[43,43586,12968],{"class":49},[43,43588,54],{"class":53},[43,43590,7992],{"class":236},[43,43592,67],{"class":53},[43,43594,43595],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,43596,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,43598,43599,43602,43604],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,43600,43601],{"class":207},"other ",[43,43603,212],{"class":211},[43,43605,43606],{"class":207}," name\n",[43,43608,43609,43611,43613,43615,43617,43619],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,43610,50],{"class":49},[43,43612,54],{"class":53},[43,43614,12968],{"class":49},[43,43616,54],{"class":53},[43,43618,31064],{"class":236},[43,43620,67],{"class":53},[14,43622,43623,43624,43627,43628,43630],{},"In this example, ",[18,43625,43626],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[18,43629,43540],{}," values match.",[43632,43633,43634],"blockquote",{},[14,43635,133,43636,43638,43639,43641],{},[18,43637,43540],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[18,43640,5012],{}," for value comparison.",[29,43643,3998,43645,4001],{"id":43644},"what-id-does",[18,43646,43540],{},[14,43648,43649,43652],{},[18,43650,43651],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[14,43654,13372],{},[150,43656,43657,43660,43667,43670],{},[153,43658,43659],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[153,43661,43662,43663,43666],{},"It shows ",[913,43664,43665],{},"object identity",", not object value",[153,43668,43669],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[153,43671,43672],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[14,43674,43675,43676,43680],{},"This is closely related to how ",[189,43677,43679],{"href":43678},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[29,43682,290],{"id":289},[14,43684,5759],{},[34,43686,43688],{"className":36,"code":43687,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"id(object)\n",[18,43689,43690],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43691,43692,43694,43696,43698],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43693,12968],{"class":49},[43,43695,54],{"class":53},[43,43697,42450],{"class":57},[43,43699,227],{"class":53},[14,43701,43702],{},"Important details:",[150,43704,43705,43708,43711],{},[153,43706,43707],{},"It takes one argument",[153,43709,43710],{},"It returns an integer",[153,43712,43713],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[14,43715,197],{},[34,43717,43719],{"className":36,"code":43718,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[18,43720,43721,43733,43741,43761,43765,43779,43793],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43722,43723,43725,43727,43729,43731],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43724,927],{"class":207},[43,43726,212],{"class":211},[43,43728,932],{"class":81},[43,43730,710],{"class":85},[43,43732,938],{"class":81},[43,43734,43735,43737,43739],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,43736,208],{"class":207},[43,43738,212],{"class":211},[43,43740,3098],{"class":63},[43,43742,43743,43745,43747,43749,43751,43753,43755,43757,43759],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,43744,8104],{"class":207},[43,43746,212],{"class":211},[43,43748,3942],{"class":53},[43,43750,797],{"class":63},[43,43752,800],{"class":53},[43,43754,803],{"class":63},[43,43756,800],{"class":53},[43,43758,808],{"class":63},[43,43760,3955],{"class":53},[43,43762,43763],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,43764,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,43766,43767,43769,43771,43773,43775,43777],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,43768,50],{"class":49},[43,43770,54],{"class":53},[43,43772,12968],{"class":49},[43,43774,54],{"class":53},[43,43776,951],{"class":236},[43,43778,67],{"class":53},[43,43780,43781,43783,43785,43787,43789,43791],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,43782,50],{"class":49},[43,43784,54],{"class":53},[43,43786,12968],{"class":49},[43,43788,54],{"class":53},[43,43790,237],{"class":236},[43,43792,67],{"class":53},[43,43794,43795,43797,43799,43801,43803,43805],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,43796,50],{"class":49},[43,43798,54],{"class":53},[43,43800,12968],{"class":49},[43,43802,54],{"class":53},[43,43804,8135],{"class":236},[43,43806,67],{"class":53},[14,43808,43809],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[29,43811,43813],{"id":43812},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[14,43815,43816,43817,315],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[18,43818,43540],{},[150,43820,43821,43828,43835],{},[153,43822,43823,43825,43826],{},[18,43824,5012],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[913,43827,307],{},[153,43829,43830,43832,43833],{},[18,43831,12512],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[913,43834,42450],{},[153,43836,43837,43839],{},[18,43838,43540],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[14,43841,197],{},[34,43843,43845],{"className":36,"code":43844,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[18,43846,43847,43867,43887,43891,43908,43925,43939],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,43848,43849,43851,43853,43855,43857,43859,43861,43863,43865],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,43850,1178],{"class":207},[43,43852,212],{"class":211},[43,43854,3942],{"class":53},[43,43856,797],{"class":63},[43,43858,800],{"class":53},[43,43860,803],{"class":63},[43,43862,800],{"class":53},[43,43864,808],{"class":63},[43,43866,3955],{"class":53},[43,43868,43869,43871,43873,43875,43877,43879,43881,43883,43885],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,43870,1192],{"class":207},[43,43872,212],{"class":211},[43,43874,3942],{"class":53},[43,43876,797],{"class":63},[43,43878,800],{"class":53},[43,43880,803],{"class":63},[43,43882,800],{"class":53},[43,43884,808],{"class":63},[43,43886,3955],{"class":53},[43,43888,43889],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,43890,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,43892,43893,43895,43897,43899,43901,43903,43905],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,43894,50],{"class":49},[43,43896,54],{"class":53},[43,43898,1178],{"class":236},[43,43900,5012],{"class":211},[43,43902,2889],{"class":236},[43,43904,1221],{"class":53},[43,43906,43907],{"class":3984},"   # True\n",[43,43909,43910,43912,43914,43916,43918,43920,43922],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,43911,50],{"class":49},[43,43913,54],{"class":53},[43,43915,1178],{"class":236},[43,43917,12512],{"class":1927},[43,43919,2889],{"class":236},[43,43921,1221],{"class":53},[43,43923,43924],{"class":3984},"   # False\n",[43,43926,43927,43929,43931,43933,43935,43937],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,43928,50],{"class":49},[43,43930,54],{"class":53},[43,43932,12968],{"class":49},[43,43934,54],{"class":53},[43,43936,189],{"class":236},[43,43938,67],{"class":53},[43,43940,43941,43943,43945,43947,43949,43951],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,43942,50],{"class":49},[43,43944,54],{"class":53},[43,43946,12968],{"class":49},[43,43948,54],{"class":53},[43,43950,1231],{"class":236},[43,43952,67],{"class":53},[14,43954,2524],{},[150,43956,43957,43965,43973],{},[153,43958,43959,5106,43962,43964],{},[18,43960,43961],{},"a == b",[18,43963,105],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[153,43966,43967,5106,43970,43972],{},[18,43968,43969],{},"a is b",[18,43971,613],{}," because they are different list objects",[153,43974,43975,895,43978,43981],{},[18,43976,43977],{},"id(a)",[18,43979,43980],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[14,43983,43984,43985,895,43989,315],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[189,43986,43988],{"href":43987},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[189,43990,43992],{"href":43991},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[29,43994,43996],{"id":43995},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[14,43998,43999],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[34,44001,44003],{"className":36,"code":44002,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[18,44004,44005,44025,44035,44039,44053,44068],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,44006,44007,44009,44011,44013,44015,44017,44019,44021,44023],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,44008,3937],{"class":207},[43,44010,212],{"class":211},[43,44012,3942],{"class":53},[43,44014,512],{"class":63},[43,44016,800],{"class":53},[43,44018,8115],{"class":63},[43,44020,800],{"class":53},[43,44022,8120],{"class":63},[43,44024,3955],{"class":53},[43,44026,44027,44030,44032],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,44028,44029],{"class":207},"other_numbers ",[43,44031,212],{"class":211},[43,44033,44034],{"class":207}," numbers\n",[43,44036,44037],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,44038,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,44040,44041,44043,44045,44047,44049,44051],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,44042,50],{"class":49},[43,44044,54],{"class":53},[43,44046,12968],{"class":49},[43,44048,54],{"class":53},[43,44050,3969],{"class":236},[43,44052,67],{"class":53},[43,44054,44055,44057,44059,44061,44063,44066],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,44056,50],{"class":49},[43,44058,54],{"class":53},[43,44060,12968],{"class":49},[43,44062,54],{"class":53},[43,44064,44065],{"class":236},"other_numbers",[43,44067,67],{"class":53},[43,44069,44070,44072,44074,44076,44078,44081],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,44071,50],{"class":49},[43,44073,54],{"class":53},[43,44075,3937],{"class":236},[43,44077,12512],{"class":1927},[43,44079,44080],{"class":236}," other_numbers",[43,44082,227],{"class":53},[14,44084,5885],{},[34,44086,44087],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,44088,44089],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,44090,44091],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,44092,4301],{"class":104},[14,44094,44095,44096,44098],{},"The two ",[18,44097,43540],{}," values will also match.",[14,44100,22512,44101,44104],{},[18,44102,44103],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[29,44106,44108],{"id":44107},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[14,44110,44111],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[34,44113,44115],{"className":36,"code":44114,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[18,44116,44117,44138,44159,44163,44178,44192,44207],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,44118,44119,44122,44124,44126,44128,44130,44132,44134,44136],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,44120,44121],{"class":207},"list_a ",[43,44123,212],{"class":211},[43,44125,3942],{"class":53},[43,44127,797],{"class":63},[43,44129,800],{"class":53},[43,44131,803],{"class":63},[43,44133,800],{"class":53},[43,44135,808],{"class":63},[43,44137,3955],{"class":53},[43,44139,44140,44143,44145,44147,44149,44151,44153,44155,44157],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,44141,44142],{"class":207},"list_b ",[43,44144,212],{"class":211},[43,44146,3942],{"class":53},[43,44148,797],{"class":63},[43,44150,800],{"class":53},[43,44152,803],{"class":63},[43,44154,800],{"class":53},[43,44156,808],{"class":63},[43,44158,3955],{"class":53},[43,44160,44161],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,44162,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,44164,44165,44167,44169,44171,44173,44176],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,44166,50],{"class":49},[43,44168,54],{"class":53},[43,44170,44121],{"class":236},[43,44172,5012],{"class":211},[43,44174,44175],{"class":236}," list_b",[43,44177,227],{"class":53},[43,44179,44180,44182,44184,44186,44188,44190],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,44181,50],{"class":49},[43,44183,54],{"class":53},[43,44185,44121],{"class":236},[43,44187,12512],{"class":1927},[43,44189,44175],{"class":236},[43,44191,227],{"class":53},[43,44193,44194,44196,44198,44200,44202,44205],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,44195,50],{"class":49},[43,44197,54],{"class":53},[43,44199,12968],{"class":49},[43,44201,54],{"class":53},[43,44203,44204],{"class":236},"list_a",[43,44206,67],{"class":53},[43,44208,44209,44211,44213,44215,44217,44220],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,44210,50],{"class":49},[43,44212,54],{"class":53},[43,44214,12968],{"class":49},[43,44216,54],{"class":53},[43,44218,44219],{"class":236},"list_b",[43,44221,67],{"class":53},[14,44223,5885],{},[34,44225,44227],{"className":36,"code":44226,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"True\nFalse\n",[18,44228,44229,44233],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,44230,44231],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,44232,4301],{"class":104},[43,44234,44235],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,44236,4362],{"class":104},[14,44238,44239],{},"What this means:",[150,44241,44242,44245,44248],{},[153,44243,44244],{},"The lists are equal in value",[153,44246,44247],{},"They are not the same object",[153,44249,44250,44251,44253],{},"Their ",[18,44252,43540],{}," values are usually different",[14,44255,44256,44257,44259,44260,315],{},"This is why ",[18,44258,43540],{}," should not replace ",[18,44261,5012],{},[29,44263,44265,44266,44268],{"id":44264},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[18,44267,43540],{}," is useful",[14,44270,44271,44273],{},[18,44272,43540],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[150,44275,44276,44279,44282,44285],{},[153,44277,44278],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[153,44280,44281],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[153,44283,44284],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[153,44286,44287],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[14,44289,44290,44291,44293],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[18,44292,43540],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[34,44295,44297],{"className":36,"code":44296,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[18,44298,44299,44323,44332,44336,44355,44359,44369,44379,44393],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,44300,44301,44303,44305,44307,44309,44311,44313,44315,44317,44319,44321],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,44302,12404],{"class":207},[43,44304,212],{"class":211},[43,44306,3942],{"class":53},[43,44308,82],{"class":81},[43,44310,189],{"class":85},[43,44312,82],{"class":81},[43,44314,800],{"class":53},[43,44316,932],{"class":81},[43,44318,1231],{"class":85},[43,44320,82],{"class":81},[43,44322,3955],{"class":53},[43,44324,44325,44328,44330],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,44326,44327],{"class":207},"copy_ref ",[43,44329,212],{"class":211},[43,44331,12442],{"class":207},[43,44333,44334],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,44335,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,44337,44338,44341,44343,44345,44347,44349,44351,44353],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,44339,44340],{"class":207},"copy_ref",[43,44342,315],{"class":53},[43,44344,13874],{"class":236},[43,44346,54],{"class":53},[43,44348,82],{"class":81},[43,44350,10055],{"class":85},[43,44352,82],{"class":81},[43,44354,227],{"class":53},[43,44356,44357],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,44358,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,44360,44361,44363,44365,44367],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,44362,50],{"class":49},[43,44364,54],{"class":53},[43,44366,12451],{"class":236},[43,44368,227],{"class":53},[43,44370,44371,44373,44375,44377],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,44372,50],{"class":49},[43,44374,54],{"class":53},[43,44376,44340],{"class":236},[43,44378,227],{"class":53},[43,44380,44381,44383,44385,44387,44389,44391],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,44382,50],{"class":49},[43,44384,54],{"class":53},[43,44386,12968],{"class":49},[43,44388,54],{"class":53},[43,44390,12451],{"class":236},[43,44392,67],{"class":53},[43,44394,44395,44397,44399,44401,44403,44405],{"class":45,"line":6756},[43,44396,50],{"class":49},[43,44398,54],{"class":53},[43,44400,12968],{"class":49},[43,44402,54],{"class":53},[43,44404,44340],{"class":236},[43,44406,67],{"class":53},[14,44408,5885],{},[34,44410,44412],{"className":36,"code":44411,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,44413,44414,44442],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,44415,44416,44418,44420,44422,44424,44426,44428,44430,44432,44434,44436,44438,44440],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,44417,4221],{"class":53},[43,44419,283],{"class":81},[43,44421,189],{"class":85},[43,44423,283],{"class":81},[43,44425,800],{"class":53},[43,44427,278],{"class":81},[43,44429,1231],{"class":85},[43,44431,283],{"class":81},[43,44433,800],{"class":53},[43,44435,278],{"class":81},[43,44437,10055],{"class":85},[43,44439,283],{"class":81},[43,44441,3955],{"class":53},[43,44443,44444,44446,44448,44450,44452,44454,44456,44458,44460,44462,44464,44466,44468],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,44445,4221],{"class":53},[43,44447,283],{"class":81},[43,44449,189],{"class":85},[43,44451,283],{"class":81},[43,44453,800],{"class":53},[43,44455,278],{"class":81},[43,44457,1231],{"class":85},[43,44459,283],{"class":81},[43,44461,800],{"class":53},[43,44463,278],{"class":81},[43,44465,10055],{"class":85},[43,44467,283],{"class":81},[43,44469,3955],{"class":53},[14,44471,44472],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[29,44474,44476,44477],{"id":44475},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[18,44478,43540],{},[14,44480,44481,44482,44484],{},"Do not use ",[18,44483,43540],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[14,44486,44487],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[150,44489,44490,44496,44502,44505],{},[153,44491,44492,44493,44495],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[18,44494,5012],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[153,44497,44498,44499,44501],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[18,44500,43540],{}," values across program runs",[153,44503,44504],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[153,44506,44507,44508],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[18,44509,43540],{},[14,44511,44512],{},"Bad example:",[34,44514,44516],{"className":36,"code":44515,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[18,44517,44518,44530,44542,44546,44568],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,44519,44520,44522,44524,44526,44528],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,44521,1178],{"class":207},[43,44523,212],{"class":211},[43,44525,932],{"class":81},[43,44527,37372],{"class":85},[43,44529,938],{"class":81},[43,44531,44532,44534,44536,44538,44540],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,44533,1192],{"class":207},[43,44535,212],{"class":211},[43,44537,932],{"class":81},[43,44539,37372],{"class":85},[43,44541,938],{"class":81},[43,44543,44544],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,44545,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,44547,44548,44550,44552,44554,44556,44558,44560,44562,44564,44566],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,44549,7323],{"class":1927},[43,44551,15138],{"class":49},[43,44553,54],{"class":53},[43,44555,189],{"class":236},[43,44557,1221],{"class":53},[43,44559,6734],{"class":211},[43,44561,15138],{"class":49},[43,44563,54],{"class":53},[43,44565,1231],{"class":236},[43,44567,8662],{"class":53},[43,44569,44570,44572,44574,44576,44579,44581],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,44571,1951],{"class":49},[43,44573,54],{"class":53},[43,44575,82],{"class":81},[43,44577,44578],{"class":85},"The values are equal",[43,44580,82],{"class":81},[43,44582,227],{"class":53},[14,44584,44585],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[34,44587,44589],{"className":36,"code":44588,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[18,44590,44591,44604],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,44592,44593,44595,44598,44600,44602],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,44594,7323],{"class":1927},[43,44596,44597],{"class":207}," a ",[43,44599,5012],{"class":211},[43,44601,2889],{"class":207},[43,44603,1931],{"class":53},[43,44605,44606,44608,44610,44612,44614,44616],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,44607,1951],{"class":49},[43,44609,54],{"class":53},[43,44611,82],{"class":81},[43,44613,44578],{"class":85},[43,44615,82],{"class":81},[43,44617,227],{"class":53},[14,44619,133,44620,2172,44622,44624],{},[18,44621,12512],{},[18,44623,43540],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[29,44626,21124],{"id":21123},[14,44628,44629],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[150,44631,44632,44635,44638,44643],{},[153,44633,44634],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[153,44636,44637],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[153,44639,44640,44641],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[18,44642,43540],{},[153,44644,44645,44646],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[18,44647,43540],{},[14,44649,44650],{},"The important rule is:",[150,44652,44653,44658],{},[153,44654,133,44655,44657],{},[18,44656,5012],{}," to check value",[153,44659,133,44660,44662],{},[18,44661,12512],{}," to check identity",[14,44664,44665,44666,44668],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[18,44667,43540],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[29,44670,3160],{"id":3159},[14,44672,44673,44674,325],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[18,44675,43540],{},[150,44677,44678,44686,44689,44692,44697],{},[153,44679,8738,44680,44682,44683,44685],{},[18,44681,43540],{}," when ",[18,44684,5012],{}," should be used",[153,44687,44688],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[153,44690,44691],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[153,44693,44694,44695],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[18,44696,43540],{},[153,44698,8738,44699,44701],{},[18,44700,43540],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[14,44703,44704],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[34,44706,44708],{"className":36,"code":44707,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[18,44709,44710,44725,44739,44753,44767],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,44711,44712,44714,44716,44718,44720,44723],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,44713,50],{"class":49},[43,44715,54],{"class":53},[43,44717,12968],{"class":49},[43,44719,54],{"class":53},[43,44721,44722],{"class":236},"my_object",[43,44724,67],{"class":53},[43,44726,44727,44729,44731,44733,44735,44737],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,44728,50],{"class":49},[43,44730,54],{"class":53},[43,44732,1178],{"class":236},[43,44734,5012],{"class":211},[43,44736,2889],{"class":236},[43,44738,227],{"class":53},[43,44740,44741,44743,44745,44747,44749,44751],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,44742,50],{"class":49},[43,44744,54],{"class":53},[43,44746,1178],{"class":236},[43,44748,12512],{"class":1927},[43,44750,2889],{"class":236},[43,44752,227],{"class":53},[43,44754,44755,44757,44759,44761,44763,44765],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,44756,50],{"class":49},[43,44758,54],{"class":53},[43,44760,248],{"class":57},[43,44762,54],{"class":53},[43,44764,44722],{"class":236},[43,44766,67],{"class":53},[43,44768,44769,44771,44773,44775],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,44770,32474],{"class":49},[43,44772,54],{"class":53},[43,44774,12968],{"class":49},[43,44776,227],{"class":53},[29,44778,2162],{"id":2161},[402,44780,44782,44783,13035],{"id":44781},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[18,44784,43540],{},[14,44786,44787],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[402,44789,15225,44791,44793],{"id":44790},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[18,44792,43540],{}," the same as a memory address?",[14,44795,44796],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[402,44798,21743,44800,44802],{"id":44799},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[18,44801,43540],{}," to compare two values?",[14,44804,30591,44805,44807,44808,2172,44810,44812],{},[18,44806,5012],{}," to compare values. Use ",[18,44809,43540],{},[18,44811,12512],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[402,44814,44816,44817,2822],{"id":44815},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[18,44818,43540],{},[14,44820,44821],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[402,44823,44825,44826,44828],{"id":44824},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[18,44827,43540],{}," values?",[14,44830,44831],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[29,44833,2229],{"id":2228},[150,44835,44836,44841,44846,44851,44859],{},[153,44837,44838],{},[189,44839,44840],{"href":43678},"Python variables explained for beginners",[153,44842,44843],{},[189,44844,44845],{"href":43987},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[153,44847,44848],{},[189,44849,44850],{"href":43991},"Python data types overview",[153,44852,44853],{},[189,44854,3894,44856,3827],{"href":44855},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[18,44857,44858],{},"isinstance()",[153,44860,44861],{},[189,44862,44864],{"href":44863},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2262,44866,44867],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":44869},[44870,44872,44873,44874,44875,44876,44878,44880,44881,44882,44894],{"id":43644,"depth":70,"text":44871},"What id() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":43812,"depth":70,"text":43813},{"id":43995,"depth":70,"text":43996},{"id":44107,"depth":70,"text":44108},{"id":44264,"depth":70,"text":44877},"When id() is useful",{"id":44475,"depth":70,"text":44879},"When not to use id()",{"id":21123,"depth":70,"text":21124},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":44883},[44884,44886,44888,44890,44892],{"id":44781,"depth":93,"text":44885},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44790,"depth":93,"text":44887},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44799,"depth":93,"text":44889},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44815,"depth":93,"text":44891},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44824,"depth":93,"text":44893},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43532,"description":44895},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44902,"title":2260,"body":44903,"description":46543,"extension":2312,"meta":46544,"navigation":958,"path":46545,"seo":46546,"stem":46547,"__hash__":46548},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44904,"toc":46509},[44905,44910,44915,44918,44920,44963,44968,44971,44976,44981,44984,45000,45002,45046,45048,45075,45077,45092,45094,45096,45098,45114,45116,45128,45131,45165,45168,45193,45198,45200,45205,45209,45212,45214,45262,45264,45297,45303,45314,45316,45368,45370,45401,45403,45407,45411,45454,45460,45466,45518,45526,45531,45535,45626,45628,45661,45664,45666,45726,45728,45754,45764,45766,45770,45775,45780,45782,45819,45821,45840,45843,45847,45850,45906,45918,45927,45929,45956,45964,45971,45975,45978,46015,46018,46024,46061,46063,46067,46073,46091,46096,46144,46148,46237,46240,46247,46249,46251,46256,46274,46276,46319,46325,46342,46344,46406,46408,46410,46416,46424,46430,46436,46445,46455,46459,46467,46469,46471,46506],[10,44906,3894,44908,3898],{"id":44907},"python-input-function-explained",[18,44909,194],{},[14,44911,1073,44912,44914],{},[18,44913,194],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[14,44916,44917],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[29,44919,32],{"id":31},[34,44921,44923],{"className":36,"code":44922,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[18,44924,44925,44944],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,44926,44927,44929,44931,44933,44935,44937,44940,44942],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,44928,8202],{"class":207},[43,44930,212],{"class":211},[43,44932,1096],{"class":49},[43,44934,54],{"class":53},[43,44936,82],{"class":81},[43,44938,44939],{"class":85},"Enter your name: ",[43,44941,82],{"class":81},[43,44943,227],{"class":53},[43,44945,44946,44948,44950,44952,44955,44957,44959,44961],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,44947,50],{"class":49},[43,44949,54],{"class":53},[43,44951,82],{"class":81},[43,44953,44954],{"class":85},"Hello, ",[43,44956,82],{"class":81},[43,44958,1224],{"class":211},[43,44960,36315],{"class":236},[43,44962,227],{"class":53},[14,44964,133,44965,44967],{},[18,44966,194],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44969,44970],"hr",{},[29,44972,3998,44974,4001],{"id":44973},"what-input-does",[18,44975,194],{},[14,44977,44978,44980],{},[18,44979,194],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[14,44982,44983],{},"Here is what happens:",[150,44985,44986,44991,44994,44997],{},[153,44987,44988,44990],{},[18,44989,194],{}," waits for the user to type",[153,44992,44993],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[153,44995,44996],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[153,44998,44999],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[14,45001,197],{},[34,45003,45005],{"className":36,"code":45004,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[18,45006,45007,45027],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45008,45009,45012,45014,45016,45018,45020,45023,45025],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45010,45011],{"class":207},"color ",[43,45013,212],{"class":211},[43,45015,1096],{"class":49},[43,45017,54],{"class":53},[43,45019,82],{"class":81},[43,45021,45022],{"class":85},"What is your favorite color? ",[43,45024,82],{"class":81},[43,45026,227],{"class":53},[43,45028,45029,45031,45033,45035,45038,45040,45042,45044],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,45030,50],{"class":49},[43,45032,54],{"class":53},[43,45034,82],{"class":81},[43,45036,45037],{"class":85},"Your favorite color is",[43,45039,82],{"class":81},[43,45041,800],{"class":53},[43,45043,36174],{"class":236},[43,45045,227],{"class":53},[14,45047,30350],{},[34,45049,45051],{"className":36,"code":45050,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[18,45052,45053,45066],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45054,45055,45057,45059,45062,45064],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45056,3998],{"class":207},[43,45058,12512],{"class":211},[43,45060,45061],{"class":207}," your favorite color",[43,45063,2822],{"class":37692},[43,45065,36204],{"class":207},[43,45067,45068,45071,45073],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,45069,45070],{"class":207},"Your favorite color ",[43,45072,12512],{"class":211},[43,45074,36204],{"class":207},[14,45076,20280],{},[150,45078,45079,45084,45089],{},[153,45080,45081,45082],{},"The prompt is ",[18,45083,45022],{},[153,45085,45086,45087],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[18,45088,33213],{},[153,45090,45091],{},"That value is then printed",[44969,45093],{},[29,45095,290],{"id":289},[14,45097,293],{},[34,45099,45101],{"className":36,"code":45100,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"input(prompt)\n",[18,45102,45103],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45104,45105,45107,45109,45112],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45106,42514],{"class":49},[43,45108,54],{"class":53},[43,45110,45111],{"class":236},"prompt",[43,45113,227],{"class":53},[14,45115,11775],{},[150,45117,45118,45122,45125],{},[153,45119,1073,45120,20362],{},[18,45121,45111],{},[153,45123,45124],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[153,45126,45127],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[14,45129,45130],{},"Example with a prompt:",[34,45132,45134],{"className":36,"code":45133,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[18,45135,45136,45155],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45137,45138,45140,45142,45144,45146,45148,45151,45153],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45139,8287],{"class":207},[43,45141,212],{"class":211},[43,45143,1096],{"class":49},[43,45145,54],{"class":53},[43,45147,82],{"class":81},[43,45149,45150],{"class":85},"Enter your username: ",[43,45152,82],{"class":81},[43,45154,227],{"class":53},[43,45156,45157,45159,45161,45163],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,45158,50],{"class":49},[43,45160,54],{"class":53},[43,45162,8311],{"class":236},[43,45164,227],{"class":53},[14,45166,45167],{},"Example without a prompt:",[34,45169,45171],{"className":36,"code":45170,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[18,45172,45173,45183],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45174,45175,45177,45179,45181],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45176,1589],{"class":207},[43,45178,212],{"class":211},[43,45180,1096],{"class":49},[43,45182,1728],{"class":53},[43,45184,45185,45187,45189,45191],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,45186,50],{"class":49},[43,45188,54],{"class":53},[43,45190,307],{"class":236},[43,45192,227],{"class":53},[14,45194,8087,45195,45197],{},[18,45196,194],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44969,45199],{},[29,45201,3998,45203,12023],{"id":45202},"what-input-returns",[18,45204,194],{},[14,45206,45207,8548],{},[18,45208,194],{},[14,45210,45211],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[14,45213,197],{},[34,45215,45217],{"className":36,"code":45216,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[18,45218,45219,45238,45248],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45220,45221,45223,45225,45227,45229,45231,45234,45236],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45222,21951],{"class":207},[43,45224,212],{"class":211},[43,45226,1096],{"class":49},[43,45228,54],{"class":53},[43,45230,82],{"class":81},[43,45232,45233],{"class":85},"Enter your age: ",[43,45235,82],{"class":81},[43,45237,227],{"class":53},[43,45239,45240,45242,45244,45246],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,45241,50],{"class":49},[43,45243,54],{"class":53},[43,45245,9615],{"class":236},[43,45247,227],{"class":53},[43,45249,45250,45252,45254,45256,45258,45260],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,45251,50],{"class":49},[43,45253,54],{"class":53},[43,45255,248],{"class":57},[43,45257,54],{"class":53},[43,45259,9615],{"class":236},[43,45261,67],{"class":53},[14,45263,30350],{},[34,45265,45267],{"className":36,"code":45266,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,45268,45269,45279,45283],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45270,45271,45274,45276],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45272,45273],{"class":207},"Enter your age",[43,45275,325],{"class":53},[43,45277,45278],{"class":63}," 25\n",[43,45280,45281],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,45282,3038],{"class":63},[43,45284,45285,45287,45289,45291,45293,45295],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,45286,271],{"class":211},[43,45288,275],{"class":274},[43,45290,278],{"class":81},[43,45292,1038],{"class":85},[43,45294,283],{"class":81},[43,45296,286],{"class":211},[14,45298,45299,45300,45302],{},"Even though the user typed ",[18,45301,9509],{},", Python treats it as text.",[14,45304,45305,45306,2172,45310,315],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[189,45307,45308],{"href":2151},[18,45309,2009],{},[189,45311,45312],{"href":3209},[18,45313,20],{},[14,45315,197],{},[34,45317,45319],{"className":36,"code":45318,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[18,45320,45321,45344,45354],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45322,45323,45325,45327,45330,45332,45334,45336,45338,45340,45342],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45324,21951],{"class":207},[43,45326,212],{"class":211},[43,45328,45329],{"class":57}," int",[43,45331,54],{"class":53},[43,45333,42514],{"class":49},[43,45335,54],{"class":53},[43,45337,82],{"class":81},[43,45339,45233],{"class":85},[43,45341,82],{"class":81},[43,45343,67],{"class":53},[43,45345,45346,45348,45350,45352],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,45347,50],{"class":49},[43,45349,54],{"class":53},[43,45351,9615],{"class":236},[43,45353,227],{"class":53},[43,45355,45356,45358,45360,45362,45364,45366],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,45357,50],{"class":49},[43,45359,54],{"class":53},[43,45361,248],{"class":57},[43,45363,54],{"class":53},[43,45365,9615],{"class":236},[43,45367,67],{"class":53},[14,45369,30350],{},[34,45371,45373],{"className":36,"code":45372,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,45374,45375,45383,45387],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45376,45377,45379,45381],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45378,45273],{"class":207},[43,45380,325],{"class":53},[43,45382,45278],{"class":63},[43,45384,45385],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,45386,3038],{"class":63},[43,45388,45389,45391,45393,45395,45397,45399],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,45390,271],{"class":211},[43,45392,275],{"class":274},[43,45394,278],{"class":81},[43,45396,2069],{"class":85},[43,45398,283],{"class":81},[43,45400,286],{"class":211},[44969,45402],{},[29,45404,45406],{"id":45405},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[402,45408,45410],{"id":45409},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[34,45412,45414],{"className":36,"code":45413,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[18,45415,45416,45435],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45417,45418,45420,45422,45424,45426,45428,45431,45433],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45419,8202],{"class":207},[43,45421,212],{"class":211},[43,45423,1096],{"class":49},[43,45425,54],{"class":53},[43,45427,82],{"class":81},[43,45429,45430],{"class":85},"What is your name? ",[43,45432,82],{"class":81},[43,45434,227],{"class":53},[43,45436,45437,45439,45441,45443,45446,45448,45450,45452],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,45438,50],{"class":49},[43,45440,54],{"class":53},[43,45442,82],{"class":81},[43,45444,45445],{"class":85},"Hello,",[43,45447,82],{"class":81},[43,45449,800],{"class":53},[43,45451,36315],{"class":236},[43,45453,227],{"class":53},[14,45455,45456,45457,45459],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[18,45458,7992],{}," and prints it.",[402,45461,45463,45464],{"id":45462},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[18,45465,2009],{},[34,45467,45469],{"className":36,"code":45468,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[18,45470,45471,45494],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45472,45473,45475,45477,45479,45481,45483,45485,45487,45490,45492],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45474,21951],{"class":207},[43,45476,212],{"class":211},[43,45478,45329],{"class":57},[43,45480,54],{"class":53},[43,45482,42514],{"class":49},[43,45484,54],{"class":53},[43,45486,82],{"class":81},[43,45488,45489],{"class":85},"How old are you? ",[43,45491,82],{"class":81},[43,45493,67],{"class":53},[43,45495,45496,45498,45500,45502,45505,45507,45509,45512,45514,45516],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,45497,50],{"class":49},[43,45499,54],{"class":53},[43,45501,82],{"class":81},[43,45503,45504],{"class":85},"Next year you will be",[43,45506,82],{"class":81},[43,45508,800],{"class":53},[43,45510,45511],{"class":236}," age ",[43,45513,2406],{"class":211},[43,45515,5823],{"class":63},[43,45517,227],{"class":53},[14,45519,6387,45520,45522,45523,45525],{},[18,45521,2009],{}," converts the text from ",[18,45524,194],{}," into a whole number.",[14,45527,45528,45529,315],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[189,45530,1164],{"href":1163},[402,45532,45534],{"id":45533},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[34,45536,45538],{"className":36,"code":45537,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[18,45539,45540,45564,45588,45602,45606],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45541,45542,45545,45547,45549,45551,45553,45555,45557,45560,45562],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45543,45544],{"class":207},"num1 ",[43,45546,212],{"class":211},[43,45548,45329],{"class":57},[43,45550,54],{"class":53},[43,45552,42514],{"class":49},[43,45554,54],{"class":53},[43,45556,82],{"class":81},[43,45558,45559],{"class":85},"Enter the first number: ",[43,45561,82],{"class":81},[43,45563,67],{"class":53},[43,45565,45566,45569,45571,45573,45575,45577,45579,45581,45584,45586],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,45567,45568],{"class":207},"num2 ",[43,45570,212],{"class":211},[43,45572,45329],{"class":57},[43,45574,54],{"class":53},[43,45576,42514],{"class":49},[43,45578,54],{"class":53},[43,45580,82],{"class":81},[43,45582,45583],{"class":85},"Enter the second number: ",[43,45585,82],{"class":81},[43,45587,67],{"class":53},[43,45589,45590,45592,45594,45597,45599],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,45591,1210],{"class":207},[43,45593,212],{"class":211},[43,45595,45596],{"class":207}," num1 ",[43,45598,2406],{"class":211},[43,45600,45601],{"class":207}," num2\n",[43,45603,45604],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,45605,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,45607,45608,45610,45612,45614,45617,45619,45621,45624],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,45609,50],{"class":49},[43,45611,54],{"class":53},[43,45613,82],{"class":81},[43,45615,45616],{"class":85},"Total:",[43,45618,82],{"class":81},[43,45620,800],{"class":53},[43,45622,45623],{"class":236}," total",[43,45625,227],{"class":53},[14,45627,30350],{},[34,45629,45631],{"className":36,"code":45630,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[18,45632,45633,45643,45652],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45634,45635,45638,45640],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45636,45637],{"class":207},"Enter the first number",[43,45639,325],{"class":53},[43,45641,45642],{"class":63}," 2\n",[43,45644,45645,45648,45650],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,45646,45647],{"class":207},"Enter the second number",[43,45649,325],{"class":53},[43,45651,2907],{"class":63},[43,45653,45654,45657,45659],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,45655,45656],{"class":207},"Total",[43,45658,325],{"class":53},[43,45660,35164],{"class":63},[14,45662,45663],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[14,45665,197],{},[34,45667,45669],{"className":36,"code":45668,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[18,45670,45671,45689,45707,45711],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45672,45673,45675,45677,45679,45681,45683,45685,45687],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45674,45544],{"class":207},[43,45676,212],{"class":211},[43,45678,1096],{"class":49},[43,45680,54],{"class":53},[43,45682,82],{"class":81},[43,45684,45559],{"class":85},[43,45686,82],{"class":81},[43,45688,227],{"class":53},[43,45690,45691,45693,45695,45697,45699,45701,45703,45705],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,45692,45568],{"class":207},[43,45694,212],{"class":211},[43,45696,1096],{"class":49},[43,45698,54],{"class":53},[43,45700,82],{"class":81},[43,45702,45583],{"class":85},[43,45704,82],{"class":81},[43,45706,227],{"class":53},[43,45708,45709],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,45710,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,45712,45713,45715,45717,45719,45721,45724],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,45714,50],{"class":49},[43,45716,54],{"class":53},[43,45718,45544],{"class":236},[43,45720,2406],{"class":211},[43,45722,45723],{"class":236}," num2",[43,45725,227],{"class":53},[14,45727,30350],{},[34,45729,45731],{"className":36,"code":45730,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[18,45732,45733,45741,45749],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45734,45735,45737,45739],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45736,45637],{"class":207},[43,45738,325],{"class":53},[43,45740,45642],{"class":63},[43,45742,45743,45745,45747],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,45744,45647],{"class":207},[43,45746,325],{"class":53},[43,45748,2907],{"class":63},[43,45750,45751],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,45752,45753],{"class":63},"23\n",[14,45755,45756,45757,45760,45761,315],{},"That happens because ",[18,45758,45759],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[18,45762,45763],{},"\"23\"",[44969,45765],{},[29,45767,45769],{"id":45768},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[14,45771,45772,45773,315],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[18,45774,194],{},[402,45776,1572,45778,1577],{"id":45777},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[18,45779,194],{},[14,45781,39525],{},[34,45783,45785],{"className":36,"code":45784,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,45786,45787,45805],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45788,45789,45791,45793,45795,45797,45799,45801,45803],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45790,1589],{"class":207},[43,45792,212],{"class":211},[43,45794,1096],{"class":49},[43,45796,54],{"class":53},[43,45798,82],{"class":81},[43,45800,1914],{"class":85},[43,45802,82],{"class":81},[43,45804,227],{"class":53},[43,45806,45807,45809,45811,45813,45815,45817],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,45808,50],{"class":49},[43,45810,54],{"class":53},[43,45812,248],{"class":57},[43,45814,54],{"class":53},[43,45816,307],{"class":236},[43,45818,67],{"class":53},[14,45820,110],{},[34,45822,45824],{"className":36,"code":45823,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,45825,45826],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45827,45828,45830,45832,45834,45836,45838],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45829,271],{"class":211},[43,45831,275],{"class":274},[43,45833,278],{"class":81},[43,45835,1038],{"class":85},[43,45837,283],{"class":81},[43,45839,286],{"class":211},[14,45841,45842],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[402,45844,45846],{"id":45845},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[14,45848,45849],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[34,45851,45853],{"className":36,"code":45852,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[18,45854,45855,45873,45892],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45856,45857,45859,45861,45863,45865,45867,45869,45871],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45858,1178],{"class":207},[43,45860,212],{"class":211},[43,45862,1096],{"class":49},[43,45864,54],{"class":53},[43,45866,82],{"class":81},[43,45868,1914],{"class":85},[43,45870,82],{"class":81},[43,45872,227],{"class":53},[43,45874,45875,45877,45879,45881,45883,45885,45888,45890],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,45876,1192],{"class":207},[43,45878,212],{"class":211},[43,45880,1096],{"class":49},[43,45882,54],{"class":53},[43,45884,82],{"class":81},[43,45886,45887],{"class":85},"Enter another number: ",[43,45889,82],{"class":81},[43,45891,227],{"class":53},[43,45893,45894,45896,45898,45900,45902,45904],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,45895,50],{"class":49},[43,45897,54],{"class":53},[43,45899,1178],{"class":236},[43,45901,2406],{"class":211},[43,45903,2889],{"class":236},[43,45905,227],{"class":53},[14,45907,1144,45908,895,45910,45912,45913,19286,45916,315],{},[18,45909,2835],{},[18,45911,64],{},", the result is ",[18,45914,45915],{},"45",[18,45917,2490],{},[402,45919,45921,45922,45924,45925],{"id":45920},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[18,45923,690],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[18,45926,2009],{},[14,45928,197],{},[34,45930,45932],{"className":36,"code":45931,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[18,45933,45934],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45935,45936,45938,45940,45942,45944,45946,45948,45950,45952,45954],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45937,21951],{"class":207},[43,45939,212],{"class":211},[43,45941,45329],{"class":57},[43,45943,54],{"class":53},[43,45945,42514],{"class":49},[43,45947,54],{"class":53},[43,45949,82],{"class":81},[43,45951,45233],{"class":85},[43,45953,82],{"class":81},[43,45955,67],{"class":53},[14,45957,8591,45958,45961,45962,315],{},[18,45959,45960],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[18,45963,690],{},[14,45965,45966,45967,315],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[189,45968,45970],{"href":45969},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[402,45972,45974],{"id":45973},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[14,45976,45977],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[34,45979,45981],{"className":36,"code":45980,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[18,45982,45983,46001],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,45984,45985,45987,45989,45991,45993,45995,45997,45999],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,45986,8202],{"class":207},[43,45988,212],{"class":211},[43,45990,1096],{"class":49},[43,45992,54],{"class":53},[43,45994,82],{"class":81},[43,45996,44939],{"class":85},[43,45998,82],{"class":81},[43,46000,227],{"class":53},[43,46002,46003,46005,46007,46009,46011,46013],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,46004,50],{"class":49},[43,46006,54],{"class":53},[43,46008,1820],{"class":49},[43,46010,54],{"class":53},[43,46012,7992],{"class":236},[43,46014,67],{"class":53},[14,46016,46017],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[14,46019,46020,46021,325],{},"You can remove them with ",[18,46022,46023],{},".strip()",[34,46025,46027],{"className":36,"code":46026,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[18,46028,46029,46051],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,46030,46031,46033,46035,46037,46039,46041,46043,46045,46047,46049],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,46032,8202],{"class":207},[43,46034,212],{"class":211},[43,46036,1096],{"class":49},[43,46038,54],{"class":53},[43,46040,82],{"class":81},[43,46042,44939],{"class":85},[43,46044,82],{"class":81},[43,46046,8951],{"class":53},[43,46048,1725],{"class":236},[43,46050,1728],{"class":53},[43,46052,46053,46055,46057,46059],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,46054,50],{"class":49},[43,46056,54],{"class":53},[43,46058,7992],{"class":236},[43,46060,227],{"class":53},[44969,46062],{},[29,46064,46066],{"id":46065},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[14,46068,46069,46070,46072],{},"These habits make ",[18,46071,194],{}," easier and safer to use.",[150,46074,46075,46078,46083,46086],{},[153,46076,46077],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[153,46079,133,46080,46082],{},[18,46081,46023],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[153,46084,46085],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[153,46087,133,46088,46090],{},[18,46089,30104],{}," when converting input to numbers",[14,46092,46093,46094,325],{},"Example with ",[18,46095,46023],{},[34,46097,46099],{"className":36,"code":46098,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[18,46100,46101,46125],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,46102,46103,46106,46108,46110,46112,46114,46117,46119,46121,46123],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,46104,46105],{"class":207},"city ",[43,46107,212],{"class":211},[43,46109,1096],{"class":49},[43,46111,54],{"class":53},[43,46113,82],{"class":81},[43,46115,46116],{"class":85},"Enter your city: ",[43,46118,82],{"class":81},[43,46120,8951],{"class":53},[43,46122,1725],{"class":236},[43,46124,1728],{"class":53},[43,46126,46127,46129,46131,46133,46136,46138,46140,46142],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,46128,50],{"class":49},[43,46130,54],{"class":53},[43,46132,82],{"class":81},[43,46134,46135],{"class":85},"City:",[43,46137,82],{"class":81},[43,46139,800],{"class":53},[43,46141,31706],{"class":236},[43,46143,227],{"class":53},[14,46145,46093,46146,325],{},[18,46147,30104],{},[34,46149,46151],{"className":36,"code":46150,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[18,46152,46153,46159,46182,46214,46222],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,46154,46155,46157],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,46156,1928],{"class":1927},[43,46158,1931],{"class":53},[43,46160,46161,46164,46166,46168,46170,46172,46174,46176,46178,46180],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,46162,46163],{"class":207},"    age ",[43,46165,212],{"class":211},[43,46167,45329],{"class":57},[43,46169,54],{"class":53},[43,46171,42514],{"class":49},[43,46173,54],{"class":53},[43,46175,82],{"class":81},[43,46177,45233],{"class":85},[43,46179,82],{"class":81},[43,46181,67],{"class":53},[43,46183,46184,46186,46188,46190,46193,46195,46197,46199,46201,46203,46205,46207,46210,46212],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,46185,1951],{"class":49},[43,46187,54],{"class":53},[43,46189,82],{"class":81},[43,46191,46192],{"class":85},"You will be",[43,46194,82],{"class":81},[43,46196,800],{"class":53},[43,46198,45511],{"class":236},[43,46200,2406],{"class":211},[43,46202,5823],{"class":63},[43,46204,800],{"class":53},[43,46206,932],{"class":81},[43,46208,46209],{"class":85},"next year",[43,46211,82],{"class":81},[43,46213,227],{"class":53},[43,46215,46216,46218,46220],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,46217,1972],{"class":1927},[43,46219,1975],{"class":57},[43,46221,1931],{"class":53},[43,46223,46224,46226,46228,46230,46233,46235],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,46225,1951],{"class":49},[43,46227,54],{"class":53},[43,46229,82],{"class":81},[43,46231,46232],{"class":85},"Please enter a whole number.",[43,46234,82],{"class":81},[43,46236,227],{"class":53},[14,46238,46239],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[14,46241,46242,46243,315],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[189,46244,46246],{"href":46245},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44969,46248],{},[29,46250,3160],{"id":3159},[14,46252,46253,46254,325],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[18,46255,194],{},[150,46257,46258,46265,46268,46271],{},[153,46259,46260,46261,2172,46263],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[18,46262,2009],{},[18,46264,20],{},[153,46266,46267],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[153,46269,46270],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[153,46272,46273],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[14,46275,32404],{},[34,46277,46279],{"className":36,"code":46278,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,46280,46281,46291,46305],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,46282,46283,46285,46287,46289],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,46284,50],{"class":49},[43,46286,54],{"class":53},[43,46288,307],{"class":236},[43,46290,227],{"class":53},[43,46292,46293,46295,46297,46299,46301,46303],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,46294,50],{"class":49},[43,46296,54],{"class":53},[43,46298,248],{"class":57},[43,46300,54],{"class":53},[43,46302,307],{"class":236},[43,46304,67],{"class":53},[43,46306,46307,46309,46311,46313,46315,46317],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,46308,50],{"class":49},[43,46310,54],{"class":53},[43,46312,1820],{"class":49},[43,46314,54],{"class":53},[43,46316,307],{"class":236},[43,46318,67],{"class":53},[14,46320,46321,46322,46324],{},"These help you inspect what ",[18,46323,194],{}," actually returned:",[150,46326,46327,46332,46337],{},[153,46328,46329,46331],{},[18,46330,1869],{}," shows the value",[153,46333,46334,46336],{},[18,46335,1875],{}," shows the data type",[153,46338,46339,46341],{},[18,46340,1881],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[14,46343,197],{},[34,46345,46347],{"className":36,"code":46346,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,46348,46349,46368,46378,46392],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,46350,46351,46353,46355,46357,46359,46361,46364,46366],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,46352,1589],{"class":207},[43,46354,212],{"class":211},[43,46356,1096],{"class":49},[43,46358,54],{"class":53},[43,46360,82],{"class":81},[43,46362,46363],{"class":85},"Enter something: ",[43,46365,82],{"class":81},[43,46367,227],{"class":53},[43,46369,46370,46372,46374,46376],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,46371,50],{"class":49},[43,46373,54],{"class":53},[43,46375,307],{"class":236},[43,46377,227],{"class":53},[43,46379,46380,46382,46384,46386,46388,46390],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,46381,50],{"class":49},[43,46383,54],{"class":53},[43,46385,248],{"class":57},[43,46387,54],{"class":53},[43,46389,307],{"class":236},[43,46391,67],{"class":53},[43,46393,46394,46396,46398,46400,46402,46404],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,46395,50],{"class":49},[43,46397,54],{"class":53},[43,46399,1820],{"class":49},[43,46401,54],{"class":53},[43,46403,307],{"class":236},[43,46405,67],{"class":53},[44969,46407],{},[29,46409,2162],{"id":2161},[402,46411,13023,46413,46415],{"id":46412},"does-input-return-an-integer",[18,46414,194],{}," return an integer?",[14,46417,46418,46419,46421,46422,40255],{},"No. ",[18,46420,194],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[18,46423,2009],{},[402,46425,46427,46428,2822],{"id":46426},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[18,46429,194],{},[14,46431,46432,46433,46435],{},"No. You can call ",[18,46434,194],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[402,46437,5481,46439,46442,46443,2822],{"id":46438},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[18,46440,46441],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[18,46444,194],{},[14,46446,2194,46447,46449,46450,2218,46452,46454],{},[18,46448,194],{}," returns strings. ",[18,46451,45759],{},[18,46453,45763],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[402,46456,46458],{"id":46457},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[14,46460,133,46461,46463,46464,315],{},[18,46462,46023],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[18,46465,46466],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44969,46468],{},[29,46470,2229],{"id":2228},[150,46472,46473,46478,46482,46488,46494,46498],{},[153,46474,46475],{},[189,46476,46477],{"href":46245},"How to get user input in Python",[153,46479,46480],{},[189,46481,2251],{"href":1163},[153,46483,46484],{},[189,46485,3894,46486,3827],{"href":2151},[18,46487,2009],{},[153,46489,46490],{},[189,46491,3894,46492,3827],{"href":3209},[18,46493,20],{},[153,46495,46496],{},[189,46497,45970],{"href":45969},[153,46499,46500],{},[189,46501,3894,46503,3827],{"href":46502},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[18,46504,46505],{},"print()",[2262,46507,46508],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":46510},[46511,46512,46514,46515,46517,46523,46531,46532,46533,46542],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":44973,"depth":70,"text":46513},"What input() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":45202,"depth":70,"text":46516},"What input() returns",{"id":45405,"depth":70,"text":45406,"children":46518},[46519,46520,46522],{"id":45409,"depth":93,"text":45410},{"id":45462,"depth":93,"text":46521},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45533,"depth":93,"text":45534},{"id":45768,"depth":70,"text":45769,"children":46524},[46525,46527,46528,46530],{"id":45777,"depth":93,"text":46526},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45845,"depth":93,"text":45846},{"id":45920,"depth":93,"text":46529},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45973,"depth":93,"text":45974},{"id":46065,"depth":70,"text":46066},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":46534},[46535,46537,46539,46541],{"id":46412,"depth":93,"text":46536},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46426,"depth":93,"text":46538},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46438,"depth":93,"text":46540},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46457,"depth":93,"text":46458},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":2260,"description":46543},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46550,"title":2152,"body":46551,"description":48864,"extension":2312,"meta":48865,"navigation":958,"path":48866,"seo":48867,"stem":48868,"__hash__":48869},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46552,"toc":48816},[46553,46558,46563,46568,46589,46592,46594,46654,46656,46675,46680,46685,46690,46692,46705,46707,46790,46792,46833,46839,46841,46871,46877,46880,46897,46899,46951,46953,46971,46977,46983,46986,47004,47006,47079,47081,47100,47107,47113,47118,47121,47181,47183,47202,47205,47208,47223,47229,47233,47294,47296,47317,47321,47450,47452,47582,47592,47598,47604,47612,47678,47680,47705,47708,47725,47738,47744,47747,47780,47782,47795,47798,47841,47843,47851,47858,47862,47869,47873,47900,47902,47910,47916,47933,47938,47942,47969,47971,47979,47983,47988,47991,48017,48020,48029,48037,48041,48051,48055,48058,48060,48111,48113,48143,48153,48180,48182,48190,48200,48204,48207,48209,48257,48259,48303,48309,48360,48362,48381,48386,48391,48394,48413,48416,48468,48470,48479,48481,48485,48489,48492,48501,48508,48510,48537,48541,48543,48552,48555,48562,48568,48628,48632,48634,48642,48645,48671,48677,48680,48700,48702,48711,48719,48721,48727,48732,48739,48749,48755,48763,48767,48770,48772,48813],[10,46554,3894,46556,3898],{"id":46555},"python-int-function-explained",[18,46557,2009],{},[14,46559,32639,46560,46562],{},[18,46561,2009],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[14,46564,35728,46565,46567],{},[18,46566,2009],{}," when they want to:",[150,46569,46570,46580,46583,46586],{},[153,46571,46572,46573,46576,46577],{},"turn text like ",[18,46574,46575],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[18,46578,46579],{},"42",[153,46581,46582],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[153,46584,46585],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[153,46587,46588],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[14,46590,46591],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[29,46593,32],{"id":31},[34,46595,46597],{"className":36,"code":46596,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[18,46598,46599,46617,46631],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,46600,46601,46603,46605,46607,46609,46611,46613,46615],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,46602,50],{"class":49},[43,46604,54],{"class":53},[43,46606,2069],{"class":57},[43,46608,54],{"class":53},[43,46610,82],{"class":81},[43,46612,46579],{"class":85},[43,46614,82],{"class":81},[43,46616,67],{"class":53},[43,46618,46619,46621,46623,46625,46627,46629],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,46620,50],{"class":49},[43,46622,54],{"class":53},[43,46624,2069],{"class":57},[43,46626,54],{"class":53},[43,46628,2035],{"class":63},[43,46630,67],{"class":53},[43,46632,46633,46635,46637,46639,46641,46643,46646,46648,46650,46652],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,46634,50],{"class":49},[43,46636,54],{"class":53},[43,46638,2069],{"class":57},[43,46640,54],{"class":53},[43,46642,82],{"class":81},[43,46644,46645],{"class":85},"101",[43,46647,82],{"class":81},[43,46649,800],{"class":53},[43,46651,803],{"class":63},[43,46653,67],{"class":53},[14,46655,110],{},[34,46657,46659],{"className":36,"code":46658,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"42\n3\n5\n",[18,46660,46661,46666,46671],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,46662,46663],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,46664,46665],{"class":63},"42\n",[43,46667,46668],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,46669,46670],{"class":63},"3\n",[43,46672,46673],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,46674,3274],{"class":63},[14,46676,133,46677,46679],{},[18,46678,2009],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[29,46681,3998,46683,4001],{"id":46682},"what-int-does",[18,46684,2009],{},[14,46686,46687,46689],{},[18,46688,2009],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[14,46691,13372],{},[150,46693,46694,46699,46702],{},[153,46695,46696,46697,7664],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[18,46698,2069],{},[153,46700,46701],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[153,46703,46704],{},"It does not change the original object.",[14,46706,197],{},[34,46708,46710],{"className":36,"code":46709,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,46711,46712,46724,46738,46742,46752,46762,46776],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,46713,46714,46716,46718,46720,46722],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,46715,927],{"class":207},[43,46717,212],{"class":211},[43,46719,932],{"class":81},[43,46721,9509],{"class":85},[43,46723,938],{"class":81},[43,46725,46726,46728,46730,46732,46734,46736],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,46727,208],{"class":207},[43,46729,212],{"class":211},[43,46731,45329],{"class":57},[43,46733,54],{"class":53},[43,46735,951],{"class":236},[43,46737,227],{"class":53},[43,46739,46740],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,46741,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,46743,46744,46746,46748,46750],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,46745,50],{"class":49},[43,46747,54],{"class":53},[43,46749,951],{"class":236},[43,46751,227],{"class":53},[43,46753,46754,46756,46758,46760],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,46755,50],{"class":49},[43,46757,54],{"class":53},[43,46759,237],{"class":236},[43,46761,227],{"class":53},[43,46763,46764,46766,46768,46770,46772,46774],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,46765,50],{"class":49},[43,46767,54],{"class":53},[43,46769,248],{"class":57},[43,46771,54],{"class":53},[43,46773,951],{"class":236},[43,46775,67],{"class":53},[43,46777,46778,46780,46782,46784,46786,46788],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,46779,50],{"class":49},[43,46781,54],{"class":53},[43,46783,248],{"class":57},[43,46785,54],{"class":53},[43,46787,237],{"class":236},[43,46789,67],{"class":53},[14,46791,110],{},[34,46793,46795],{"className":36,"code":46794,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,46796,46797,46801,46805,46819],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,46798,46799],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,46800,3038],{"class":63},[43,46802,46803],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,46804,3038],{"class":63},[43,46806,46807,46809,46811,46813,46815,46817],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,46808,271],{"class":211},[43,46810,275],{"class":274},[43,46812,278],{"class":81},[43,46814,1038],{"class":85},[43,46816,283],{"class":81},[43,46818,286],{"class":211},[43,46820,46821,46823,46825,46827,46829,46831],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,46822,271],{"class":211},[43,46824,275],{"class":274},[43,46826,278],{"class":81},[43,46828,2069],{"class":85},[43,46830,283],{"class":81},[43,46832,286],{"class":211},[14,46834,46835,46836,46838],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[18,46837,2009],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[29,46840,290],{"id":289},[34,46842,46844],{"className":36,"code":46843,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[18,46845,46846,46856],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,46847,46848,46850,46852,46854],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,46849,2069],{"class":57},[43,46851,54],{"class":53},[43,46853,2519],{"class":236},[43,46855,227],{"class":53},[43,46857,46858,46860,46862,46864,46866,46869],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,46859,2069],{"class":57},[43,46861,54],{"class":53},[43,46863,2519],{"class":236},[43,46865,800],{"class":53},[43,46867,46868],{"class":236}," base",[43,46870,227],{"class":53},[402,46872,46874],{"id":46873},"intx",[18,46875,46876],{},"int(x)",[14,46878,46879],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[150,46881,46882,46887,46892],{},[153,46883,46884,46885],{},"a string such as ",[18,46886,2187],{},[153,46888,46889,46890],{},"a float such as ",[18,46891,2035],{},[153,46893,46894,46895],{},"a boolean such as ",[18,46896,105],{},[14,46898,197],{},[34,46900,46902],{"className":36,"code":46901,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[18,46903,46904,46922,46937],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,46905,46906,46908,46910,46912,46914,46916,46918,46920],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,46907,50],{"class":49},[43,46909,54],{"class":53},[43,46911,2069],{"class":57},[43,46913,54],{"class":53},[43,46915,82],{"class":81},[43,46917,512],{"class":85},[43,46919,82],{"class":81},[43,46921,67],{"class":53},[43,46923,46924,46926,46928,46930,46932,46935],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,46925,50],{"class":49},[43,46927,54],{"class":53},[43,46929,2069],{"class":57},[43,46931,54],{"class":53},[43,46933,46934],{"class":63},"8.7",[43,46936,67],{"class":53},[43,46938,46939,46941,46943,46945,46947,46949],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,46940,50],{"class":49},[43,46942,54],{"class":53},[43,46944,2069],{"class":57},[43,46946,54],{"class":53},[43,46948,105],{"class":104},[43,46950,67],{"class":53},[14,46952,110],{},[34,46954,46956],{"className":36,"code":46955,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"10\n8\n1\n",[18,46957,46958,46962,46966],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,46959,46960],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,46961,2084],{"class":63},[43,46963,46964],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,46965,2718],{"class":63},[43,46967,46968],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,46969,46970],{"class":63},"1\n",[402,46972,46974],{"id":46973},"intx-base",[18,46975,46976],{},"int(x, base)",[14,46978,46979,46980,46982],{},"Use this form when ",[18,46981,2519],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[14,46984,46985],{},"Common bases:",[150,46987,46988,46993,46998],{},[153,46989,46990,46992],{},[18,46991,447],{}," for binary",[153,46994,46995,46997],{},[18,46996,2684],{}," for octal",[153,46999,47000,47003],{},[18,47001,47002],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[14,47005,197],{},[34,47007,47009],{"className":36,"code":47008,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[18,47010,47011,47033,47056],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47012,47013,47015,47017,47019,47021,47023,47025,47027,47029,47031],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47014,50],{"class":49},[43,47016,54],{"class":53},[43,47018,2069],{"class":57},[43,47020,54],{"class":53},[43,47022,82],{"class":81},[43,47024,46645],{"class":85},[43,47026,82],{"class":81},[43,47028,800],{"class":53},[43,47030,803],{"class":63},[43,47032,67],{"class":53},[43,47034,47035,47037,47039,47041,47043,47045,47048,47050,47052,47054],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,47036,50],{"class":49},[43,47038,54],{"class":53},[43,47040,2069],{"class":57},[43,47042,54],{"class":53},[43,47044,82],{"class":81},[43,47046,47047],{"class":85},"17",[43,47049,82],{"class":81},[43,47051,800],{"class":53},[43,47053,6686],{"class":63},[43,47055,67],{"class":53},[43,47057,47058,47060,47062,47064,47066,47068,47071,47073,47075,47077],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,47059,50],{"class":49},[43,47061,54],{"class":53},[43,47063,2069],{"class":57},[43,47065,54],{"class":53},[43,47067,82],{"class":81},[43,47069,47070],{"class":85},"1A",[43,47072,82],{"class":81},[43,47074,800],{"class":53},[43,47076,14309],{"class":63},[43,47078,67],{"class":53},[14,47080,110],{},[34,47082,47084],{"className":36,"code":47083,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"5\n15\n26\n",[18,47085,47086,47090,47095],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47087,47088],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47089,3274],{"class":63},[43,47091,47092],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,47093,47094],{"class":63},"15\n",[43,47096,47097],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,47098,47099],{"class":63},"26\n",[14,47101,47102,47103,315],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[189,47104,47105,1078],{"href":3209},[18,47106,20],{},[29,47108,8738,47110,47112],{"id":47109},"using-int-with-strings",[18,47111,2009],{}," with strings",[14,47114,47115,47117],{},[18,47116,2009],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[14,47119,47120],{},"Examples that work:",[34,47122,47124],{"className":36,"code":47123,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[18,47125,47126,47144,47162],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47127,47128,47130,47132,47134,47136,47138,47140,47142],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47129,50],{"class":49},[43,47131,54],{"class":53},[43,47133,2069],{"class":57},[43,47135,54],{"class":53},[43,47137,82],{"class":81},[43,47139,64],{"class":85},[43,47141,82],{"class":81},[43,47143,67],{"class":53},[43,47145,47146,47148,47150,47152,47154,47156,47158,47160],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,47147,50],{"class":49},[43,47149,54],{"class":53},[43,47151,2069],{"class":57},[43,47153,54],{"class":53},[43,47155,82],{"class":81},[43,47157,2632],{"class":85},[43,47159,82],{"class":81},[43,47161,67],{"class":53},[43,47163,47164,47166,47168,47170,47172,47174,47177,47179],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,47165,50],{"class":49},[43,47167,54],{"class":53},[43,47169,2069],{"class":57},[43,47171,54],{"class":53},[43,47173,82],{"class":81},[43,47175,47176],{"class":85},"  42  ",[43,47178,82],{"class":81},[43,47180,67],{"class":53},[14,47182,110],{},[34,47184,47186],{"className":36,"code":47185,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"5\n-12\n42\n",[18,47187,47188,47192,47198],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47189,47190],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47191,3274],{"class":63},[43,47193,47194,47196],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,47195,444],{"class":211},[43,47197,2567],{"class":63},[43,47199,47200],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,47201,46665],{"class":63},[14,47203,47204],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[14,47206,47207],{},"Examples that fail:",[34,47209,47211],{"className":36,"code":47210,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[18,47212,47213,47218],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47214,47215],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47216,47217],{"class":3984},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[43,47219,47220],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,47221,47222],{"class":3984},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[14,47224,47225,47226,47228],{},"These raise ",[18,47227,690],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[402,47230,47232],{"id":47231},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[34,47234,47236],{"className":36,"code":47235,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[18,47237,47238,47256,47275],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47239,47240,47242,47244,47246,47248,47250,47252,47254],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47241,50],{"class":49},[43,47243,54],{"class":53},[43,47245,2069],{"class":57},[43,47247,54],{"class":53},[43,47249,82],{"class":81},[43,47251,2466],{"class":85},[43,47253,82],{"class":81},[43,47255,67],{"class":53},[43,47257,47258,47260,47262,47264,47266,47268,47271,47273],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,47259,50],{"class":49},[43,47261,54],{"class":53},[43,47263,2069],{"class":57},[43,47265,54],{"class":53},[43,47267,82],{"class":81},[43,47269,47270],{"class":85},"+7",[43,47272,82],{"class":81},[43,47274,67],{"class":53},[43,47276,47277,47279,47281,47283,47285,47287,47290,47292],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,47278,50],{"class":49},[43,47280,54],{"class":53},[43,47282,2069],{"class":57},[43,47284,54],{"class":53},[43,47286,82],{"class":81},[43,47288,47289],{"class":85},"-100",[43,47291,82],{"class":81},[43,47293,67],{"class":53},[14,47295,110],{},[34,47297,47299],{"className":36,"code":47298,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"0\n7\n-100\n",[18,47300,47301,47306,47310],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47302,47303],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47304,47305],{"class":63},"0\n",[43,47307,47308],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,47309,2426],{"class":63},[43,47311,47312,47314],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,47313,444],{"class":211},[43,47315,47316],{"class":63},"100\n",[402,47318,47320],{"id":47319},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[34,47322,47324],{"className":36,"code":47323,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[18,47325,47326,47364,47368,47380,47387,47402,47417],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47327,47328,47330,47332,47334,47336,47338,47340,47342,47344,47347,47349,47351,47353,47355,47357,47360,47362],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47329,4144],{"class":207},[43,47331,212],{"class":211},[43,47333,3942],{"class":53},[43,47335,82],{"class":81},[43,47337,86],{"class":85},[43,47339,82],{"class":81},[43,47341,800],{"class":53},[43,47343,932],{"class":81},[43,47345,47346],{"class":85},"12abc",[43,47348,82],{"class":81},[43,47350,800],{"class":53},[43,47352,6453],{"class":81},[43,47354,800],{"class":53},[43,47356,932],{"class":81},[43,47358,47359],{"class":85},"seven",[43,47361,82],{"class":81},[43,47363,3955],{"class":53},[43,47365,47366],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,47367,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,47369,47370,47372,47374,47376,47378],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,47371,6284],{"class":1927},[43,47373,21907],{"class":207},[43,47375,4203],{"class":1927},[43,47377,4206],{"class":207},[43,47379,1931],{"class":53},[43,47381,47382,47385],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,47383,47384],{"class":1927},"    try",[43,47386,1931],{"class":53},[43,47388,47389,47392,47394,47396,47398,47400],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,47390,47391],{"class":49},"        print",[43,47393,54],{"class":53},[43,47395,2069],{"class":57},[43,47397,54],{"class":53},[43,47399,307],{"class":236},[43,47401,67],{"class":53},[43,47403,47404,47407,47409,47412,47415],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,47405,47406],{"class":1927},"    except",[43,47408,1975],{"class":57},[43,47410,47411],{"class":1927}," as",[43,47413,47414],{"class":207}," error",[43,47416,1931],{"class":53},[43,47418,47419,47421,47423,47425,47427,47429,47431,47434,47436,47439,47441,47444,47446,47448],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,47420,47391],{"class":49},[43,47422,54],{"class":53},[43,47424,22617],{"class":274},[43,47426,82],{"class":85},[43,47428,9594],{"class":63},[43,47430,307],{"class":236},[43,47432,47433],{"class":274},"!r",[43,47435,22626],{"class":63},[43,47437,47438],{"class":85}," -> ",[43,47440,9594],{"class":63},[43,47442,47443],{"class":236},"error",[43,47445,22626],{"class":63},[43,47447,82],{"class":85},[43,47449,227],{"class":53},[14,47451,110],{},[34,47453,47455],{"className":36,"code":47454,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[18,47456,47457,47493,47525,47550],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47458,47459,47461,47463,47465,47468,47471,47473,47475,47477,47480,47483,47485,47487,47489,47491],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47460,283],{"class":43380},[43,47462,86],{"class":43384},[43,47464,283],{"class":43380},[43,47466,47467],{"class":37692}," ->",[43,47469,47470],{"class":207}," invalid literal ",[43,47472,6284],{"class":1927},[43,47474,45329],{"class":57},[43,47476,830],{"class":53},[43,47478,47479],{"class":1927}," with",[43,47481,47482],{"class":207}," base ",[43,47484,512],{"class":63},[43,47486,325],{"class":53},[43,47488,278],{"class":81},[43,47490,86],{"class":85},[43,47492,748],{"class":81},[43,47494,47495,47497,47499,47501,47503,47505,47507,47509,47511,47513,47515,47517,47519,47521,47523],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,47496,283],{"class":81},[43,47498,47346],{"class":85},[43,47500,283],{"class":81},[43,47502,47467],{"class":37692},[43,47504,47470],{"class":207},[43,47506,6284],{"class":1927},[43,47508,45329],{"class":57},[43,47510,830],{"class":53},[43,47512,47479],{"class":1927},[43,47514,47482],{"class":207},[43,47516,512],{"class":63},[43,47518,325],{"class":53},[43,47520,278],{"class":81},[43,47522,47346],{"class":85},[43,47524,748],{"class":81},[43,47526,47527,47529,47531,47533,47535,47537,47539,47541,47543,47545,47547],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,47528,4094],{"class":81},[43,47530,47467],{"class":37692},[43,47532,47470],{"class":207},[43,47534,6284],{"class":1927},[43,47536,45329],{"class":57},[43,47538,830],{"class":53},[43,47540,47479],{"class":1927},[43,47542,47482],{"class":207},[43,47544,512],{"class":63},[43,47546,325],{"class":53},[43,47548,47549],{"class":81}," ''\n",[43,47551,47552,47554,47556,47558,47560,47562,47564,47566,47568,47570,47572,47574,47576,47578,47580],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,47553,283],{"class":81},[43,47555,47359],{"class":85},[43,47557,283],{"class":81},[43,47559,47467],{"class":37692},[43,47561,47470],{"class":207},[43,47563,6284],{"class":1927},[43,47565,45329],{"class":57},[43,47567,830],{"class":53},[43,47569,47479],{"class":1927},[43,47571,47482],{"class":207},[43,47573,512],{"class":63},[43,47575,325],{"class":53},[43,47577,278],{"class":81},[43,47579,47359],{"class":85},[43,47581,748],{"class":81},[14,47583,47584,47585,47587,47588,315],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[189,47586,1164],{"href":1163}," and the ",[189,47589,47590,1078],{"href":191},[18,47591,194],{},[29,47593,8738,47595,47597],{"id":47594},"using-int-with-floats",[18,47596,2009],{}," with floats",[14,47599,47600,47601,47603],{},"When you pass a float to ",[18,47602,2009],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[14,47605,47606,47607,14375,47609,47611],{},"Important: ",[18,47608,2009],{},[913,47610,734],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[34,47613,47615],{"className":36,"code":47614,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[18,47616,47617,47631,47646,47662],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47618,47619,47621,47623,47625,47627,47629],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47620,50],{"class":49},[43,47622,54],{"class":53},[43,47624,2069],{"class":57},[43,47626,54],{"class":53},[43,47628,2035],{"class":63},[43,47630,67],{"class":53},[43,47632,47633,47635,47637,47639,47641,47644],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,47634,50],{"class":49},[43,47636,54],{"class":53},[43,47638,2069],{"class":57},[43,47640,54],{"class":53},[43,47642,47643],{"class":63},"3.1",[43,47645,67],{"class":53},[43,47647,47648,47650,47652,47654,47656,47658,47660],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,47649,50],{"class":49},[43,47651,54],{"class":53},[43,47653,2069],{"class":57},[43,47655,54],{"class":53},[43,47657,444],{"class":211},[43,47659,2035],{"class":63},[43,47661,67],{"class":53},[43,47663,47664,47666,47668,47670,47672,47674,47676],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,47665,50],{"class":49},[43,47667,54],{"class":53},[43,47669,2069],{"class":57},[43,47671,54],{"class":53},[43,47673,444],{"class":211},[43,47675,47643],{"class":63},[43,47677,67],{"class":53},[14,47679,110],{},[34,47681,47683],{"className":36,"code":47682,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[18,47684,47685,47689,47693,47699],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47686,47687],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47688,46670],{"class":63},[43,47690,47691],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,47692,46670],{"class":63},[43,47694,47695,47697],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,47696,444],{"class":211},[43,47698,46670],{"class":63},[43,47700,47701,47703],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,47702,444],{"class":211},[43,47704,46670],{"class":63},[14,47706,47707],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[150,47709,47710,47717],{},[153,47711,47712,2218,47715],{},[18,47713,47714],{},"int(3.9)",[18,47716,2409],{},[153,47718,47719,2218,47722],{},[18,47720,47721],{},"int(-3.9)",[18,47723,47724],{},"-3",[14,47726,47727,47728,47732,47733,315],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[189,47729,47730],{"href":3209},[18,47731,20],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[189,47734,47735],{"href":2240},[18,47736,47737],{},"str()",[29,47739,8738,47741,47743],{"id":47740},"using-int-with-booleans",[18,47742,2009],{}," with booleans",[14,47745,47746],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[34,47748,47750],{"className":36,"code":47749,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[18,47751,47752,47766],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47753,47754,47756,47758,47760,47762,47764],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47755,50],{"class":49},[43,47757,54],{"class":53},[43,47759,2069],{"class":57},[43,47761,54],{"class":53},[43,47763,105],{"class":104},[43,47765,67],{"class":53},[43,47767,47768,47770,47772,47774,47776,47778],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,47769,50],{"class":49},[43,47771,54],{"class":53},[43,47773,2069],{"class":57},[43,47775,54],{"class":53},[43,47777,613],{"class":104},[43,47779,67],{"class":53},[14,47781,110],{},[34,47783,47785],{"className":36,"code":47784,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"1\n0\n",[18,47786,47787,47791],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47788,47789],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47790,46970],{"class":63},[43,47792,47793],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,47794,47305],{"class":63},[14,47796,47797],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[34,47799,47801],{"className":36,"code":47800,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,47802,47803,47812,47827,47831],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47804,47805,47808,47810],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47806,47807],{"class":207},"passed ",[43,47809,212],{"class":211},[43,47811,6748],{"class":104},[43,47813,47814,47816,47818,47820,47822,47825],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,47815,1210],{"class":207},[43,47817,212],{"class":211},[43,47819,45329],{"class":57},[43,47821,54],{"class":53},[43,47823,47824],{"class":236},"passed",[43,47826,227],{"class":53},[43,47828,47829],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,47830,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,47832,47833,47835,47837,47839],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,47834,50],{"class":49},[43,47836,54],{"class":53},[43,47838,1242],{"class":236},[43,47840,227],{"class":53},[14,47842,110],{},[34,47844,47845],{"className":36,"code":46970,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,47846,47847],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47848,47849],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47850,46970],{"class":63},[14,47852,47853,47854,315],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[189,47855,47856,1078],{"href":6106},[18,47857,4134],{},[29,47859,47861],{"id":47860},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[14,47863,47864,47865,47868],{},"Use the ",[18,47866,47867],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[402,47870,47872],{"id":47871},"binary-example","Binary example",[34,47874,47876],{"className":36,"code":47875,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[18,47877,47878],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47879,47880,47882,47884,47886,47888,47890,47892,47894,47896,47898],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47881,50],{"class":49},[43,47883,54],{"class":53},[43,47885,2069],{"class":57},[43,47887,54],{"class":53},[43,47889,82],{"class":81},[43,47891,46645],{"class":85},[43,47893,82],{"class":81},[43,47895,800],{"class":53},[43,47897,803],{"class":63},[43,47899,67],{"class":53},[14,47901,110],{},[34,47903,47904],{"className":36,"code":3274,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,47905,47906],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47907,47908],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47909,3274],{"class":63},[14,47911,47912,47915],{},[18,47913,47914],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[150,47917,47918,47923,47928],{},[153,47919,47920],{},[18,47921,47922],{},"1 × 4",[153,47924,47925],{},[18,47926,47927],{},"0 × 2",[153,47929,47930],{},[18,47931,47932],{},"1 × 1",[14,47934,47935,47936,315],{},"So the result is ",[18,47937,64],{},[402,47939,47941],{"id":47940},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[34,47943,47945],{"className":36,"code":47944,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[18,47946,47947],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47948,47949,47951,47953,47955,47957,47959,47961,47963,47965,47967],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47950,50],{"class":49},[43,47952,54],{"class":53},[43,47954,2069],{"class":57},[43,47956,54],{"class":53},[43,47958,82],{"class":81},[43,47960,47070],{"class":85},[43,47962,82],{"class":81},[43,47964,800],{"class":53},[43,47966,14309],{"class":63},[43,47968,67],{"class":53},[14,47970,110],{},[34,47972,47973],{"className":36,"code":47099,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,47974,47975],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47976,47977],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47978,47099],{"class":63},[402,47980,47982],{"id":47981},"important-rule","Important rule",[14,47984,1073,47985,47987],{},[18,47986,47867],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[14,47989,47990],{},"Good:",[34,47992,47993],{"className":36,"code":47875,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,47994,47995],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,47996,47997,47999,48001,48003,48005,48007,48009,48011,48013,48015],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,47998,50],{"class":49},[43,48000,54],{"class":53},[43,48002,2069],{"class":57},[43,48004,54],{"class":53},[43,48006,82],{"class":81},[43,48008,46645],{"class":85},[43,48010,82],{"class":81},[43,48012,800],{"class":53},[43,48014,803],{"class":63},[43,48016,67],{"class":53},[14,48018,48019],{},"Not correct:",[34,48021,48023],{"className":36,"code":48022,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# int(101, 2)\n",[18,48024,48025],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48026,48027],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48028,48022],{"class":3984},[14,48030,48031,48032,2125,48034,48036],{},"That causes a ",[18,48033,823],{},[18,48035,47867],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[29,48038,48040],{"id":48039},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[14,48042,48043,48044,48046,48047,895,48049,315],{},"Two common errors with ",[18,48045,2009],{}," are ",[18,48048,690],{},[18,48050,823],{},[402,48052,48053],{"id":1546},[18,48054,690],{},[14,48056,48057],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[14,48059,197],{},[34,48061,48063],{"className":36,"code":48062,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48064,48065,48071,48089,48101],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48066,48067,48069],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48068,1928],{"class":1927},[43,48070,1931],{"class":53},[43,48072,48073,48075,48077,48079,48081,48083,48085,48087],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,48074,1951],{"class":49},[43,48076,54],{"class":53},[43,48078,2069],{"class":57},[43,48080,54],{"class":53},[43,48082,82],{"class":81},[43,48084,86],{"class":85},[43,48086,82],{"class":81},[43,48088,67],{"class":53},[43,48090,48091,48093,48095,48097,48099],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,48092,1972],{"class":1927},[43,48094,1975],{"class":57},[43,48096,47411],{"class":1927},[43,48098,47414],{"class":207},[43,48100,1931],{"class":53},[43,48102,48103,48105,48107,48109],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,48104,1951],{"class":49},[43,48106,54],{"class":53},[43,48108,47443],{"class":236},[43,48110,227],{"class":53},[14,48112,110],{},[34,48114,48116],{"className":36,"code":48115,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[18,48117,48118],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48119,48120,48123,48125,48127,48129,48131,48133,48135,48137,48139,48141],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48121,48122],{"class":207},"invalid literal ",[43,48124,6284],{"class":1927},[43,48126,45329],{"class":57},[43,48128,830],{"class":53},[43,48130,47479],{"class":1927},[43,48132,47482],{"class":207},[43,48134,512],{"class":63},[43,48136,325],{"class":53},[43,48138,278],{"class":81},[43,48140,86],{"class":85},[43,48142,748],{"class":81},[14,48144,48145,48146,48149,48150,48152],{},"A decimal string like ",[18,48147,48148],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[18,48151,2009],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[34,48154,48156],{"className":36,"code":48155,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[18,48157,48158],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48159,48160,48162,48164,48166,48168,48170,48172,48174,48176,48178],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48161,50],{"class":49},[43,48163,54],{"class":53},[43,48165,2069],{"class":57},[43,48167,54],{"class":53},[43,48169,58],{"class":57},[43,48171,54],{"class":53},[43,48173,82],{"class":81},[43,48175,86],{"class":85},[43,48177,82],{"class":81},[43,48179,3239],{"class":53},[14,48181,110],{},[34,48183,48184],{"className":36,"code":46670,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,48185,48186],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48187,48188],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48189,46670],{"class":63},[14,48191,48192,48193,895,48196,315],{},"If you see this often, read ",[189,48194,48195],{"href":3288},"how to convert string to int in Python",[189,48197,26003,48198],{"href":45969},[18,48199,45970],{},[402,48201,48202],{"id":1615},[18,48203,823],{},[14,48205,48206],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[14,48208,197],{},[34,48210,48212],{"className":36,"code":48211,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48213,48214,48220,48234,48247],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48215,48216,48218],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48217,1928],{"class":1927},[43,48219,1931],{"class":53},[43,48221,48222,48224,48226,48228,48230,48232],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,48223,1951],{"class":49},[43,48225,54],{"class":53},[43,48227,2069],{"class":57},[43,48229,54],{"class":53},[43,48231,4099],{"class":104},[43,48233,67],{"class":53},[43,48235,48236,48238,48241,48243,48245],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,48237,1972],{"class":1927},[43,48239,48240],{"class":57}," TypeError",[43,48242,47411],{"class":1927},[43,48244,47414],{"class":207},[43,48246,1931],{"class":53},[43,48248,48249,48251,48253,48255],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,48250,1951],{"class":49},[43,48252,54],{"class":53},[43,48254,47443],{"class":236},[43,48256,227],{"class":53},[14,48258,110],{},[34,48260,48262],{"className":36,"code":48261,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[18,48263,48264],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48265,48266,48268,48270,48273,48275,48277,48280,48282,48285,48287,48290,48292,48294,48296,48298,48301],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48267,2069],{"class":57},[43,48269,830],{"class":53},[43,48271,48272],{"class":207}," argument must be a string",[43,48274,800],{"class":53},[43,48276,44597],{"class":207},[43,48278,48279],{"class":57},"bytes",[43,48281,444],{"class":211},[43,48283,48284],{"class":207},"like ",[43,48286,42450],{"class":57},[43,48288,48289],{"class":211}," or",[43,48291,839],{"class":207},[43,48293,800],{"class":53},[43,48295,844],{"class":211},[43,48297,278],{"class":81},[43,48299,48300],{"class":85},"NoneType",[43,48302,748],{"class":81},[14,48304,48305,48306,48308],{},"Another example is using the ",[18,48307,47867],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[34,48310,48312],{"className":36,"code":48311,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48313,48314,48320,48338,48350],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48315,48316,48318],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48317,1928],{"class":1927},[43,48319,1931],{"class":53},[43,48321,48322,48324,48326,48328,48330,48332,48334,48336],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,48323,1951],{"class":49},[43,48325,54],{"class":53},[43,48327,2069],{"class":57},[43,48329,54],{"class":53},[43,48331,46645],{"class":63},[43,48333,800],{"class":53},[43,48335,803],{"class":63},[43,48337,67],{"class":53},[43,48339,48340,48342,48344,48346,48348],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,48341,1972],{"class":1927},[43,48343,48240],{"class":57},[43,48345,47411],{"class":1927},[43,48347,47414],{"class":207},[43,48349,1931],{"class":53},[43,48351,48352,48354,48356,48358],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,48353,1951],{"class":49},[43,48355,54],{"class":53},[43,48357,47443],{"class":236},[43,48359,227],{"class":53},[14,48361,110],{},[34,48363,48365],{"className":36,"code":48364,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[18,48366,48367],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48368,48369,48371,48373,48376,48378],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48370,2069],{"class":57},[43,48372,830],{"class":53},[43,48374,48375],{"class":207}," can",[43,48377,283],{"class":81},[43,48379,48380],{"class":85},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[29,48382,5284,48384],{"id":48383},"when-to-use-int",[18,48385,2009],{},[14,48387,133,48388,48390],{},[18,48389,2009],{}," when you need a whole number.",[14,48392,48393],{},"Common uses:",[150,48395,48396,48402,48405,48408],{},[153,48397,48398,48399,48401],{},"Convert user input from ",[18,48400,194],{}," into integers",[153,48403,48404],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[153,48406,48407],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[153,48409,48410,48411,36940],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[18,48412,47867],{},[14,48414,48415],{},"Example with user input:",[34,48417,48419],{"className":36,"code":48418,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[18,48420,48421,48435,48450,48454],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48422,48423,48426,48428,48430,48433],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48424,48425],{"class":207},"age_text ",[43,48427,212],{"class":211},[43,48429,932],{"class":81},[43,48431,48432],{"class":85},"18",[43,48434,938],{"class":81},[43,48436,48437,48439,48441,48443,48445,48448],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,48438,21951],{"class":207},[43,48440,212],{"class":211},[43,48442,45329],{"class":57},[43,48444,54],{"class":53},[43,48446,48447],{"class":236},"age_text",[43,48449,227],{"class":53},[43,48451,48452],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,48453,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,48455,48456,48458,48460,48462,48464,48466],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,48457,50],{"class":49},[43,48459,54],{"class":53},[43,48461,21951],{"class":236},[43,48463,2406],{"class":211},[43,48465,5823],{"class":63},[43,48467,227],{"class":53},[14,48469,110],{},[34,48471,48473],{"className":36,"code":48472,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"19\n",[18,48474,48475],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48476,48477],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48478,48472],{"class":63},[29,48480,3160],{"id":3159},[14,48482,15055,48483,315],{},[18,48484,2009],{},[402,48486,48488],{"id":48487},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[14,48490,48491],{},"This fails:",[34,48493,48495],{"className":36,"code":48494,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[18,48496,48497],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48498,48499],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48500,48494],{"class":3984},[14,48502,48503,48504,48507],{},"Why: ",[18,48505,48506],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[14,48509,19163],{},[34,48511,48513],{"className":36,"code":48512,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[18,48514,48515],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48516,48517,48519,48521,48523,48525,48527,48529,48531,48533,48535],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48518,50],{"class":49},[43,48520,54],{"class":53},[43,48522,2069],{"class":57},[43,48524,54],{"class":53},[43,48526,58],{"class":57},[43,48528,54],{"class":53},[43,48530,82],{"class":81},[43,48532,1147],{"class":85},[43,48534,82],{"class":81},[43,48536,3239],{"class":53},[402,48538,48540],{"id":48539},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[14,48542,48491],{},[34,48544,48546],{"className":36,"code":48545,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[18,48547,48548],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48549,48550],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48551,48545],{"class":3984},[14,48553,48554],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[402,48556,48558,48559],{"id":48557},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[18,48560,48561],{},"int(None)",[14,48563,48564,48565,48567],{},"This fails because ",[18,48566,4099],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[34,48569,48571],{"className":36,"code":48570,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48572,48573,48582,48586,48592,48606,48618],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48574,48575,48577,48579],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48576,1589],{"class":207},[43,48578,212],{"class":211},[43,48580,48581],{"class":104}," None\n",[43,48583,48584],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,48585,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,48587,48588,48590],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,48589,1928],{"class":1927},[43,48591,1931],{"class":53},[43,48593,48594,48596,48598,48600,48602,48604],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,48595,1951],{"class":49},[43,48597,54],{"class":53},[43,48599,2069],{"class":57},[43,48601,54],{"class":53},[43,48603,307],{"class":236},[43,48605,67],{"class":53},[43,48607,48608,48610,48612,48614,48616],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,48609,1972],{"class":1927},[43,48611,48240],{"class":57},[43,48613,47411],{"class":1927},[43,48615,47414],{"class":207},[43,48617,1931],{"class":53},[43,48619,48620,48622,48624,48626],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,48621,1951],{"class":49},[43,48623,54],{"class":53},[43,48625,47443],{"class":236},[43,48627,227],{"class":53},[402,48629,48631],{"id":48630},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[14,48633,48491],{},[34,48635,48636],{"className":36,"code":48022,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,48637,48638],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48639,48640],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48641,48022],{"class":3984},[14,48643,48644],{},"Use a string instead:",[34,48646,48647],{"className":36,"code":47875,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,48648,48649],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48650,48651,48653,48655,48657,48659,48661,48663,48665,48667,48669],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48652,50],{"class":49},[43,48654,54],{"class":53},[43,48656,2069],{"class":57},[43,48658,54],{"class":53},[43,48660,82],{"class":81},[43,48662,46645],{"class":85},[43,48664,82],{"class":81},[43,48666,800],{"class":53},[43,48668,803],{"class":63},[43,48670,67],{"class":53},[402,48672,8773,48674,48676],{"id":48673},"expecting-int-to-round",[18,48675,2009],{}," to round",[14,48678,48679],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[34,48681,48683],{"className":36,"code":48682,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(int(4.9))\n",[18,48684,48685],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48686,48687,48689,48691,48693,48695,48698],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48688,50],{"class":49},[43,48690,54],{"class":53},[43,48692,2069],{"class":57},[43,48694,54],{"class":53},[43,48696,48697],{"class":63},"4.9",[43,48699,67],{"class":53},[14,48701,110],{},[34,48703,48705],{"className":36,"code":48704,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"4\n",[18,48706,48707],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48708,48709],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48710,48704],{"class":63},[14,48712,3492,48713,48715,48716,48718],{},[18,48714,64],{},", remember that ",[18,48717,2009],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[29,48720,2162],{"id":2161},[402,48722,13023,48724,48726],{"id":48723},"does-int-round-numbers",[18,48725,2009],{}," round numbers?",[14,48728,46418,48729,48731],{},[18,48730,2009],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[402,48733,5481,48735,48738],{"id":48734},"why-does-int314-fail",[18,48736,48737],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[14,48740,2194,48741,48743,48744,48746,48747,40255],{},[18,48742,48148],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[18,48745,20],{}," first, then use ",[18,48748,2009],{},[402,48750,5466,48752,13035],{"id":48751},"what-does-inttrue-return",[18,48753,48754],{},"int(True)",[14,48756,2206,48757,28638,48759,2218,48761,315],{},[18,48758,797],{},[18,48760,613],{},[18,48762,2466],{},[402,48764,48766],{"id":48765},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[14,48768,48769],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[29,48771,2229],{"id":2228},[150,48773,48774,48780,48786,48792,48797,48801,48807],{},[153,48775,48776],{},[189,48777,48778,3827],{"href":3209},[18,48779,20],{},[153,48781,48782],{},[189,48783,48784,3827],{"href":2240},[18,48785,47737],{},[153,48787,48788],{},[189,48789,48790,3827],{"href":6106},[18,48791,4134],{},[153,48793,48794],{},[189,48795,48796],{"href":3288},"How to convert string to int in Python",[153,48798,48799],{},[189,48800,2251],{"href":1163},[153,48802,48803],{},[189,48804,48805,3827],{"href":191},[18,48806,194],{},[153,48808,48809],{},[189,48810,30668,48811],{"href":45969},[18,48812,45970],{},[2262,48814,48815],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":48817},[48818,48819,48821,48825,48830,48832,48834,48839,48843,48845,48854,48863],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":46682,"depth":70,"text":48820},"What int() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290,"children":48822},[48823,48824],{"id":46873,"depth":93,"text":46876},{"id":46973,"depth":93,"text":46976},{"id":47109,"depth":70,"text":48826,"children":48827},"Using int() with strings",[48828,48829],{"id":47231,"depth":93,"text":47232},{"id":47319,"depth":93,"text":47320},{"id":47594,"depth":70,"text":48831},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47740,"depth":70,"text":48833},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47860,"depth":70,"text":47861,"children":48835},[48836,48837,48838],{"id":47871,"depth":93,"text":47872},{"id":47940,"depth":93,"text":47941},{"id":47981,"depth":93,"text":47982},{"id":48039,"depth":70,"text":48040,"children":48840},[48841,48842],{"id":1546,"depth":93,"text":690},{"id":1615,"depth":93,"text":823},{"id":48383,"depth":70,"text":48844},"When to use int()",{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160,"children":48846},[48847,48848,48849,48851,48852],{"id":48487,"depth":93,"text":48488},{"id":48539,"depth":93,"text":48540},{"id":48557,"depth":93,"text":48850},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48630,"depth":93,"text":48631},{"id":48673,"depth":93,"text":48853},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":48855},[48856,48858,48860,48862],{"id":48723,"depth":93,"text":48857},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48734,"depth":93,"text":48859},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48751,"depth":93,"text":48861},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48765,"depth":93,"text":48766},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":2152,"description":48864},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48871,"title":48872,"body":48873,"description":50709,"extension":2312,"meta":50710,"navigation":958,"path":44855,"seo":50711,"stem":50712,"__hash__":50713},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48874,"toc":50665},[48875,48880,48885,48893,48902,48904,48963,48969,48974,48979,48982,49010,49013,49016,49027,49037,49039,49041,49061,49065,49093,49095,49134,49136,49144,49146,49149,49153,49206,49208,49220,49224,49281,49283,49295,49301,49307,49311,49314,49317,49383,49385,49397,49403,49405,49457,49460,49501,49504,49511,49520,49526,49529,49562,49568,49571,49602,49608,49611,49623,49627,49632,49636,49794,49796,49811,49814,49818,49922,49924,49941,49945,50006,50008,50016,50019,50023,50090,50092,50101,50107,50109,50118,50120,50155,50160,50162,50192,50196,50198,50235,50238,50240,50277,50283,50285,50335,50337,50345,50355,50361,50365,50370,50419,50421,50434,50437,50439,50442,50517,50520,50539,50542,50572,50582,50584,50589,50596,50602,50608,50615,50623,50629,50632,50634,50662],[10,48876,3894,48878,3898],{"id":48877},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[18,48879,44858],{},[14,48881,48882,48884],{},[18,48883,44858],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[14,48886,48887,48888,2172,48890,48892],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[18,48889,105],{},[18,48891,613],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[14,48894,48895,48896,48898,48899,48901],{},"In many cases, ",[18,48897,44858],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[18,48900,2642],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[29,48903,3927],{"id":3926},[34,48905,48907],{"className":36,"code":48906,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[18,48908,48909,48917,48921,48942],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,48910,48911,48913,48915],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,48912,1589],{"class":207},[43,48914,212],{"class":211},[43,48916,2916],{"class":63},[43,48918,48919],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,48920,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,48922,48923,48925,48927,48930,48932,48934,48936,48938,48940],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,48924,50],{"class":49},[43,48926,54],{"class":53},[43,48928,48929],{"class":49},"isinstance",[43,48931,54],{"class":53},[43,48933,307],{"class":236},[43,48935,800],{"class":53},[43,48937,45329],{"class":57},[43,48939,5686],{"class":53},[43,48941,43907],{"class":3984},[43,48943,48944,48946,48948,48950,48952,48954,48956,48959,48961],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,48945,50],{"class":49},[43,48947,54],{"class":53},[43,48949,48929],{"class":49},[43,48951,54],{"class":53},[43,48953,307],{"class":236},[43,48955,800],{"class":53},[43,48957,48958],{"class":57}," str",[43,48960,5686],{"class":53},[43,48962,43924],{"class":3984},[14,48964,133,48965,48968],{},[18,48966,48967],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[29,48970,3998,48972,4001],{"id":48971},"what-isinstance-does",[18,48973,44858],{},[14,48975,48976,48978],{},[18,48977,44858],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[14,48980,48981],{},"It:",[150,48983,48984,48987,48993,48996],{},[153,48985,48986],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[153,48988,11740,48989,2172,48991],{},[18,48990,105],{},[18,48992,613],{},[153,48994,48995],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[153,48997,48998,48999,2534,49001,2534,49003,2534,49005,17395,49008],{},"Is commonly used with ",[18,49000,1038],{},[18,49002,2069],{},[18,49004,849],{},[18,49006,49007],{},"tuple",[18,49009,9140],{},[14,49011,49012],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[14,49014,49015],{},"For example, you might want to:",[150,49017,49018,49021,49024],{},[153,49019,49020],{},"loop through a list",[153,49022,49023],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[153,49025,49026],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[14,49028,49029,49030,2172,49033,315],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[189,49031,44850],{"href":49032},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[189,49034,49036],{"href":49035},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[29,49038,290],{"id":289},[14,49040,2505],{},[34,49042,49044],{"className":36,"code":49043,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[18,49045,49046],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49047,49048,49050,49052,49054,49056,49059],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49049,48929],{"class":49},[43,49051,54],{"class":53},[43,49053,42450],{"class":57},[43,49055,800],{"class":53},[43,49057,49058],{"class":236}," classinfo",[43,49060,227],{"class":53},[402,49062,49064],{"id":49063},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[150,49066,49067,49072,49086],{},[153,49068,49069,49071],{},[18,49070,42450],{}," is the value you want to test",[153,49073,49074,49077,49078,2534,49080,2534,49082,2537,49084],{},[18,49075,49076],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[18,49079,2069],{},[18,49081,1038],{},[18,49083,849],{},[18,49085,9140],{},[153,49087,49088,49089,2172,49091],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[18,49090,105],{},[18,49092,613],{},[14,49094,197],{},[34,49096,49098],{"className":36,"code":49097,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[18,49099,49100,49112,49116],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49101,49102,49104,49106,49108,49110],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49103,8202],{"class":207},[43,49105,212],{"class":211},[43,49107,932],{"class":81},[43,49109,11826],{"class":85},[43,49111,938],{"class":81},[43,49113,49114],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,49115,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,49117,49118,49120,49122,49124,49126,49128,49130,49132],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,49119,50],{"class":49},[43,49121,54],{"class":53},[43,49123,48929],{"class":49},[43,49125,54],{"class":53},[43,49127,7992],{"class":236},[43,49129,800],{"class":53},[43,49131,48958],{"class":57},[43,49133,67],{"class":53},[14,49135,110],{},[34,49137,49138],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,49139,49140],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49141,49142],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49143,4301],{"class":104},[29,49145,11792],{"id":11791},[14,49147,49148],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[402,49150,49152],{"id":49151},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[34,49154,49156],{"className":36,"code":49155,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[18,49157,49158,49166,49170,49188],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49159,49160,49162,49164],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49161,1589],{"class":207},[43,49163,212],{"class":211},[43,49165,45278],{"class":63},[43,49167,49168],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,49169,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,49171,49172,49174,49176,49178,49180,49182,49184,49186],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,49173,50],{"class":49},[43,49175,54],{"class":53},[43,49177,48929],{"class":49},[43,49179,54],{"class":53},[43,49181,307],{"class":236},[43,49183,800],{"class":53},[43,49185,45329],{"class":57},[43,49187,67],{"class":53},[43,49189,49190,49192,49194,49196,49198,49200,49202,49204],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,49191,50],{"class":49},[43,49193,54],{"class":53},[43,49195,48929],{"class":49},[43,49197,54],{"class":53},[43,49199,307],{"class":236},[43,49201,800],{"class":53},[43,49203,48958],{"class":57},[43,49205,67],{"class":53},[14,49207,110],{},[34,49209,49210],{"className":36,"code":44226,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,49211,49212,49216],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49213,49214],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49215,4301],{"class":104},[43,49217,49218],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,49219,4362],{"class":104},[402,49221,49223],{"id":49222},"check-text","Check text",[34,49225,49227],{"className":36,"code":49226,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[18,49228,49229,49241,49245,49263],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49230,49231,49233,49235,49237,49239],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49232,927],{"class":207},[43,49234,212],{"class":211},[43,49236,932],{"class":81},[43,49238,710],{"class":85},[43,49240,938],{"class":81},[43,49242,49243],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,49244,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,49246,49247,49249,49251,49253,49255,49257,49259,49261],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,49248,50],{"class":49},[43,49250,54],{"class":53},[43,49252,48929],{"class":49},[43,49254,54],{"class":53},[43,49256,951],{"class":236},[43,49258,800],{"class":53},[43,49260,48958],{"class":57},[43,49262,67],{"class":53},[43,49264,49265,49267,49269,49271,49273,49275,49277,49279],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,49266,50],{"class":49},[43,49268,54],{"class":53},[43,49270,48929],{"class":49},[43,49272,54],{"class":53},[43,49274,951],{"class":236},[43,49276,800],{"class":53},[43,49278,45329],{"class":57},[43,49280,67],{"class":53},[14,49282,110],{},[34,49284,49285],{"className":36,"code":44226,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,49286,49287,49291],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49288,49289],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49290,4301],{"class":104},[43,49292,49293],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,49294,4362],{"class":104},[14,49296,49297,49298,49300],{},"In both examples, ",[18,49299,44858],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[14,49302,49303,49304,315],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[189,49305,49306],{"href":3288},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[29,49308,49310],{"id":49309},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[14,49312,49313],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[14,49315,49316],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[34,49318,49320],{"className":36,"code":49319,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[18,49321,49322,49331,49335,49359],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49323,49324,49326,49328],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49325,1589],{"class":207},[43,49327,212],{"class":211},[43,49329,49330],{"class":63}," 3.5\n",[43,49332,49333],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,49334,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,49336,49337,49339,49341,49343,49345,49347,49349,49351,49353,49355,49357],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,49338,50],{"class":49},[43,49340,54],{"class":53},[43,49342,48929],{"class":49},[43,49344,54],{"class":53},[43,49346,307],{"class":236},[43,49348,800],{"class":53},[43,49350,9552],{"class":53},[43,49352,2069],{"class":57},[43,49354,800],{"class":53},[43,49356,215],{"class":57},[43,49358,3239],{"class":53},[43,49360,49361,49363,49365,49367,49369,49371,49373,49375,49377,49379,49381],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,49362,50],{"class":49},[43,49364,54],{"class":53},[43,49366,48929],{"class":49},[43,49368,54],{"class":53},[43,49370,307],{"class":236},[43,49372,800],{"class":53},[43,49374,9552],{"class":53},[43,49376,1038],{"class":57},[43,49378,800],{"class":53},[43,49380,22883],{"class":57},[43,49382,3239],{"class":53},[14,49384,110],{},[34,49386,49387],{"className":36,"code":44226,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,49388,49389,49393],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49390,49391],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49392,4301],{"class":104},[43,49394,49395],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,49396,4362],{"class":104},[14,49398,49399,49400,49402],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[18,49401,836],{}," conditions.",[14,49404,8618],{},[34,49406,49408],{"className":36,"code":49407,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[18,49409,49410,49418,49422],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49411,49412,49414,49416],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49413,1589],{"class":207},[43,49415,212],{"class":211},[43,49417,49330],{"class":63},[43,49419,49420],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,49421,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,49423,49424,49426,49428,49430,49432,49434,49436,49438,49440,49442,49445,49447,49449,49451,49453,49455],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,49425,50],{"class":49},[43,49427,54],{"class":53},[43,49429,248],{"class":57},[43,49431,54],{"class":53},[43,49433,307],{"class":236},[43,49435,1221],{"class":53},[43,49437,6734],{"class":211},[43,49439,45329],{"class":57},[43,49441,48289],{"class":1927},[43,49443,49444],{"class":57}," type",[43,49446,54],{"class":53},[43,49448,307],{"class":236},[43,49450,1221],{"class":53},[43,49452,6734],{"class":211},[43,49454,215],{"class":57},[43,49456,227],{"class":53},[14,49458,49459],{},"you can write this:",[34,49461,49463],{"className":36,"code":49462,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[18,49464,49465,49473,49477],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49466,49467,49469,49471],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49468,1589],{"class":207},[43,49470,212],{"class":211},[43,49472,49330],{"class":63},[43,49474,49475],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,49476,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,49478,49479,49481,49483,49485,49487,49489,49491,49493,49495,49497,49499],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,49480,50],{"class":49},[43,49482,54],{"class":53},[43,49484,48929],{"class":49},[43,49486,54],{"class":53},[43,49488,307],{"class":236},[43,49490,800],{"class":53},[43,49492,9552],{"class":53},[43,49494,2069],{"class":57},[43,49496,800],{"class":53},[43,49498,215],{"class":57},[43,49500,3239],{"class":53},[14,49502,49503],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[29,49505,49507,10901,49509],{"id":49506},"isinstance-vs-type",[18,49508,44858],{},[18,49510,2642],{},[14,49512,2004,49513,895,49515,49519],{},[18,49514,44858],{},[189,49516,49517],{"href":2639},[18,49518,2642],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[402,49521,49523],{"id":49522},"typevalue-int",[18,49524,49525],{},"type(value) == int",[14,49527,49528],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[34,49530,49532],{"className":36,"code":49531,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[18,49533,49534,49542],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49535,49536,49538,49540],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49537,1589],{"class":207},[43,49539,212],{"class":211},[43,49541,2916],{"class":63},[43,49543,49544,49546,49548,49550,49552,49554,49556,49558,49560],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,49545,50],{"class":49},[43,49547,54],{"class":53},[43,49549,248],{"class":57},[43,49551,54],{"class":53},[43,49553,307],{"class":236},[43,49555,1221],{"class":53},[43,49557,6734],{"class":211},[43,49559,45329],{"class":57},[43,49561,227],{"class":53},[402,49563,49565],{"id":49564},"isinstancevalue-int",[18,49566,49567],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[14,49569,49570],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[34,49572,49574],{"className":36,"code":49573,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,49575,49576,49584],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49577,49578,49580,49582],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49579,1589],{"class":207},[43,49581,212],{"class":211},[43,49583,2916],{"class":63},[43,49585,49586,49588,49590,49592,49594,49596,49598,49600],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,49587,50],{"class":49},[43,49589,54],{"class":53},[43,49591,48929],{"class":49},[43,49593,54],{"class":53},[43,49595,307],{"class":236},[43,49597,800],{"class":53},[43,49599,45329],{"class":57},[43,49601,67],{"class":53},[14,49603,49604,49605,49607],{},"For beginners, ",[18,49606,44858],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[14,49609,49610],{},"In everyday code:",[150,49612,49613,49618],{},[153,49614,40316,49615,49617],{},[18,49616,2642],{}," when you need the exact type",[153,49619,40316,49620,49622],{},[18,49621,44858],{}," when you want a practical type check",[29,49624,49626],{"id":49625},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[14,49628,49629,49630,315],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[18,49631,44858],{},[402,49633,49635],{"id":49634},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[34,49637,49639],{"className":36,"code":49638,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[18,49640,49641,49659,49678,49690,49695,49713,49724,49728,49740,49744,49768],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49642,49643,49645,49648,49650,49652,49654,49657],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49644,35173],{"class":274},[43,49646,49647],{"class":35176}," repeat_text",[43,49649,54],{"class":53},[43,49651,951],{"class":37988},[43,49653,800],{"class":53},[43,49655,49656],{"class":37988}," count",[43,49658,8662],{"class":53},[43,49660,49661,49663,49665,49668,49670,49672,49674,49676],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,49662,6724],{"class":1927},[43,49664,844],{"class":211},[43,49666,49667],{"class":49}," isinstance",[43,49669,54],{"class":53},[43,49671,951],{"class":236},[43,49673,800],{"class":53},[43,49675,48958],{"class":57},[43,49677,8662],{"class":53},[43,49679,49680,49683,49685,49688],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,49681,49682],{"class":1927},"        return",[43,49684,932],{"class":81},[43,49686,49687],{"class":85},"text must be a string",[43,49689,938],{"class":81},[43,49691,49692],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,49693,49694],{"class":207},"    \n",[43,49696,49697,49699,49701,49703,49705,49707,49709,49711],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,49698,6724],{"class":1927},[43,49700,844],{"class":211},[43,49702,49667],{"class":49},[43,49704,54],{"class":53},[43,49706,1291],{"class":236},[43,49708,800],{"class":53},[43,49710,45329],{"class":57},[43,49712,8662],{"class":53},[43,49714,49715,49717,49719,49722],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,49716,49682],{"class":1927},[43,49718,932],{"class":81},[43,49720,49721],{"class":85},"count must be an integer",[43,49723,938],{"class":81},[43,49725,49726],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,49727,49694],{"class":207},[43,49729,49730,49732,49735,49737],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,49731,35184],{"class":1927},[43,49733,49734],{"class":207}," text ",[43,49736,1137],{"class":211},[43,49738,49739],{"class":207}," count\n",[43,49741,49742],{"class":45,"line":6756},[43,49743,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,49745,49746,49748,49750,49753,49755,49757,49760,49762,49764,49766],{"class":45,"line":6761},[43,49747,50],{"class":49},[43,49749,54],{"class":53},[43,49751,49752],{"class":236},"repeat_text",[43,49754,54],{"class":53},[43,49756,82],{"class":81},[43,49758,49759],{"class":85},"Hi ",[43,49761,82],{"class":81},[43,49763,800],{"class":53},[43,49765,808],{"class":63},[43,49767,67],{"class":53},[43,49769,49770,49772,49774,49776,49778,49780,49782,49784,49786,49788,49790,49792],{"class":45,"line":11912},[43,49771,50],{"class":49},[43,49773,54],{"class":53},[43,49775,49752],{"class":236},[43,49777,54],{"class":53},[43,49779,82],{"class":81},[43,49781,49759],{"class":85},[43,49783,82],{"class":81},[43,49785,800],{"class":53},[43,49787,932],{"class":81},[43,49789,2409],{"class":85},[43,49791,82],{"class":81},[43,49793,67],{"class":53},[14,49795,110],{},[34,49797,49799],{"className":36,"code":49798,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[18,49800,49801,49806],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49802,49803],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49804,49805],{"class":207},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[43,49807,49808],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,49809,49810],{"class":207},"count must be an integer\n",[14,49812,49813],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[402,49815,49817],{"id":49816},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[34,49819,49821],{"className":36,"code":49820,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[18,49822,49823,49855,49859,49875,49890,49907],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49824,49825,49827,49829,49831,49833,49835,49837,49839,49841,49843,49845,49847,49849,49851,49853],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49826,1589],{"class":207},[43,49828,212],{"class":211},[43,49830,3942],{"class":53},[43,49832,82],{"class":81},[43,49834,189],{"class":85},[43,49836,82],{"class":81},[43,49838,800],{"class":53},[43,49840,932],{"class":81},[43,49842,1231],{"class":85},[43,49844,82],{"class":81},[43,49846,800],{"class":53},[43,49848,932],{"class":81},[43,49850,10055],{"class":85},[43,49852,82],{"class":81},[43,49854,3955],{"class":53},[43,49856,49857],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,49858,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,49860,49861,49863,49865,49867,49869,49871,49873],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,49862,7323],{"class":1927},[43,49864,49667],{"class":49},[43,49866,54],{"class":53},[43,49868,307],{"class":236},[43,49870,800],{"class":53},[43,49872,48958],{"class":57},[43,49874,8662],{"class":53},[43,49876,49877,49879,49881,49883,49886,49888],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,49878,1951],{"class":49},[43,49880,54],{"class":53},[43,49882,82],{"class":81},[43,49884,49885],{"class":85},"This is text",[43,49887,82],{"class":81},[43,49889,227],{"class":53},[43,49891,49892,49895,49897,49899,49901,49903,49905],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,49893,49894],{"class":1927},"elif",[43,49896,49667],{"class":49},[43,49898,54],{"class":53},[43,49900,307],{"class":236},[43,49902,800],{"class":53},[43,49904,22883],{"class":57},[43,49906,8662],{"class":53},[43,49908,49909,49911,49913,49915,49918,49920],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,49910,1951],{"class":49},[43,49912,54],{"class":53},[43,49914,82],{"class":81},[43,49916,49917],{"class":85},"This is a list",[43,49919,82],{"class":81},[43,49921,227],{"class":53},[14,49923,110],{},[34,49925,49927],{"className":36,"code":49926,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"This is a list\n",[18,49928,49929],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49930,49931,49934,49936,49938],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49932,49933],{"class":207},"This ",[43,49935,12512],{"class":211},[43,49937,44597],{"class":207},[43,49939,49940],{"class":57},"list\n",[402,49942,49944],{"id":49943},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[34,49946,49948],{"className":36,"code":49947,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[18,49949,49950,49962,49966,49982,49996],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,49951,49952,49954,49956,49958,49960],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,49953,1589],{"class":207},[43,49955,212],{"class":211},[43,49957,932],{"class":81},[43,49959,46579],{"class":85},[43,49961,938],{"class":81},[43,49963,49964],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,49965,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,49967,49968,49970,49972,49974,49976,49978,49980],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,49969,7323],{"class":1927},[43,49971,49667],{"class":49},[43,49973,54],{"class":53},[43,49975,307],{"class":236},[43,49977,800],{"class":53},[43,49979,48958],{"class":57},[43,49981,8662],{"class":53},[43,49983,49984,49986,49988,49990,49992,49994],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,49985,1936],{"class":207},[43,49987,212],{"class":211},[43,49989,45329],{"class":57},[43,49991,54],{"class":53},[43,49993,307],{"class":236},[43,49995,227],{"class":53},[43,49997,49998,50000,50002,50004],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,49999,1951],{"class":49},[43,50001,54],{"class":53},[43,50003,237],{"class":236},[43,50005,227],{"class":53},[14,50007,110],{},[34,50009,50010],{"className":36,"code":46665,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,50011,50012],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50013,50014],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50015,46665],{"class":63},[14,50017,50018],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[402,50020,50022],{"id":50021},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[34,50024,50026],{"className":36,"code":50025,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[18,50027,50028,50052,50056,50072],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50029,50030,50032,50034,50036,50038,50040,50042,50044,50046,50048,50050],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50031,1589],{"class":207},[43,50033,212],{"class":211},[43,50035,1649],{"class":53},[43,50037,82],{"class":81},[43,50039,7992],{"class":85},[43,50041,82],{"class":81},[43,50043,325],{"class":53},[43,50045,932],{"class":81},[43,50047,13200],{"class":85},[43,50049,82],{"class":81},[43,50051,1667],{"class":53},[43,50053,50054],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,50055,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,50057,50058,50060,50062,50064,50066,50068,50070],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,50059,7323],{"class":1927},[43,50061,49667],{"class":49},[43,50063,54],{"class":53},[43,50065,307],{"class":236},[43,50067,800],{"class":53},[43,50069,9486],{"class":57},[43,50071,8662],{"class":53},[43,50073,50074,50076,50078,50080,50082,50084,50086,50088],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,50075,1951],{"class":49},[43,50077,54],{"class":53},[43,50079,307],{"class":236},[43,50081,4221],{"class":53},[43,50083,82],{"class":81},[43,50085,7992],{"class":85},[43,50087,82],{"class":81},[43,50089,4209],{"class":53},[14,50091,110],{},[34,50093,50095],{"className":36,"code":50094,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Ana\n",[18,50096,50097],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50098,50099],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50100,50094],{"class":207},[14,50102,50103,50104,50106],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[18,50105,823],{}," messages later.",[29,50108,4842],{"id":4841},[402,50110,50112,50113,11407,50116],{"id":50111},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[18,50114,50115],{},"\"int\"",[18,50117,2069],{},[14,50119,16966],{},[34,50121,50123],{"className":36,"code":50122,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[18,50124,50125,50133],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50126,50127,50129,50131],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50128,1589],{"class":207},[43,50130,212],{"class":211},[43,50132,2916],{"class":63},[43,50134,50135,50137,50139,50141,50143,50145,50147,50149,50151,50153],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,50136,50],{"class":49},[43,50138,54],{"class":53},[43,50140,48929],{"class":49},[43,50142,54],{"class":53},[43,50144,307],{"class":236},[43,50146,800],{"class":53},[43,50148,932],{"class":81},[43,50150,2069],{"class":85},[43,50152,82],{"class":81},[43,50154,67],{"class":53},[14,50156,50157,50159],{},[18,50158,50115],{}," is a string, not a type.",[14,50161,16978],{},[34,50163,50164],{"className":36,"code":49573,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,50165,50166,50174],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50167,50168,50170,50172],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50169,1589],{"class":207},[43,50171,212],{"class":211},[43,50173,2916],{"class":63},[43,50175,50176,50178,50180,50182,50184,50186,50188,50190],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,50177,50],{"class":49},[43,50179,54],{"class":53},[43,50181,48929],{"class":49},[43,50183,54],{"class":53},[43,50185,307],{"class":236},[43,50187,800],{"class":53},[43,50189,45329],{"class":57},[43,50191,67],{"class":53},[402,50193,50195],{"id":50194},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[14,50197,16966],{},[34,50199,50201],{"className":36,"code":50200,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[18,50202,50203,50211],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50204,50205,50207,50209],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50206,1589],{"class":207},[43,50208,212],{"class":211},[43,50210,35164],{"class":63},[43,50212,50213,50215,50217,50219,50221,50223,50225,50227,50229,50231,50233],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,50214,50],{"class":49},[43,50216,54],{"class":53},[43,50218,48929],{"class":49},[43,50220,54],{"class":53},[43,50222,307],{"class":236},[43,50224,800],{"class":53},[43,50226,3942],{"class":53},[43,50228,2069],{"class":57},[43,50230,800],{"class":53},[43,50232,215],{"class":57},[43,50234,811],{"class":53},[14,50236,50237],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[14,50239,16978],{},[34,50241,50243],{"className":36,"code":50242,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[18,50244,50245,50253],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50246,50247,50249,50251],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50248,1589],{"class":207},[43,50250,212],{"class":211},[43,50252,35164],{"class":63},[43,50254,50255,50257,50259,50261,50263,50265,50267,50269,50271,50273,50275],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,50256,50],{"class":49},[43,50258,54],{"class":53},[43,50260,48929],{"class":49},[43,50262,54],{"class":53},[43,50264,307],{"class":236},[43,50266,800],{"class":53},[43,50268,9552],{"class":53},[43,50270,2069],{"class":57},[43,50272,800],{"class":53},[43,50274,215],{"class":57},[43,50276,3239],{"class":53},[402,50278,26098,50280,50282],{"id":50279},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[18,50281,44858],{}," converts a value",[14,50284,19236],{},[34,50286,50288],{"className":36,"code":50287,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,50289,50290,50303,50321,50325],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50291,50292,50294,50296,50298,50301],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50293,1589],{"class":207},[43,50295,212],{"class":211},[43,50297,932],{"class":81},[43,50299,50300],{"class":85},"123",[43,50302,938],{"class":81},[43,50304,50305,50307,50309,50311,50313,50315,50317,50319],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,50306,1282],{"class":207},[43,50308,212],{"class":211},[43,50310,49667],{"class":49},[43,50312,54],{"class":53},[43,50314,307],{"class":236},[43,50316,800],{"class":53},[43,50318,45329],{"class":57},[43,50320,227],{"class":53},[43,50322,50323],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,50324,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,50326,50327,50329,50331,50333],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,50328,50],{"class":49},[43,50330,54],{"class":53},[43,50332,1306],{"class":236},[43,50334,227],{"class":53},[14,50336,110],{},[34,50338,50339],{"className":36,"code":4362,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,50340,50341],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50342,50343],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50344,4362],{"class":104},[14,50346,50347,50348,50351,50352,50354],{},"This does not convert ",[18,50349,50350],{},"\"123\""," into ",[18,50353,50300],{},". It only checks the type.",[14,50356,50357,50358,6956],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[18,50359,50360],{},"int(value)",[402,50362,50364],{"id":50363},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[14,50366,50367,50369],{},[18,50368,44858],{}," does not modify anything.",[34,50371,50373],{"className":36,"code":50372,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[18,50374,50375,50387,50391,50409],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50376,50377,50379,50381,50383,50385],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50378,1589],{"class":207},[43,50380,212],{"class":211},[43,50382,932],{"class":81},[43,50384,13879],{"class":85},[43,50386,938],{"class":81},[43,50388,50389],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,50390,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,50392,50393,50395,50397,50399,50401,50403,50405,50407],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,50394,50],{"class":49},[43,50396,54],{"class":53},[43,50398,48929],{"class":49},[43,50400,54],{"class":53},[43,50402,307],{"class":236},[43,50404,800],{"class":53},[43,50406,48958],{"class":57},[43,50408,67],{"class":53},[43,50410,50411,50413,50415,50417],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,50412,50],{"class":49},[43,50414,54],{"class":53},[43,50416,307],{"class":236},[43,50418,227],{"class":53},[14,50420,110],{},[34,50422,50424],{"className":36,"code":50423,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"True\n100\n",[18,50425,50426,50430],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50427,50428],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50429,4301],{"class":104},[43,50431,50432],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,50433,47316],{"class":63},[14,50435,50436],{},"The value stays the same.",[29,50438,26266],{"id":26265},[14,50440,50441],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[34,50443,50445],{"className":36,"code":50444,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,50446,50447,50461,50479,50503],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50448,50449,50451,50453,50455,50457,50459],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50450,50],{"class":49},[43,50452,54],{"class":53},[43,50454,248],{"class":57},[43,50456,54],{"class":53},[43,50458,307],{"class":236},[43,50460,67],{"class":53},[43,50462,50463,50465,50467,50469,50471,50473,50475,50477],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,50464,50],{"class":49},[43,50466,54],{"class":53},[43,50468,48929],{"class":49},[43,50470,54],{"class":53},[43,50472,307],{"class":236},[43,50474,800],{"class":53},[43,50476,45329],{"class":57},[43,50478,67],{"class":53},[43,50480,50481,50483,50485,50487,50489,50491,50493,50495,50497,50499,50501],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,50482,50],{"class":49},[43,50484,54],{"class":53},[43,50486,48929],{"class":49},[43,50488,54],{"class":53},[43,50490,307],{"class":236},[43,50492,800],{"class":53},[43,50494,9552],{"class":53},[43,50496,2069],{"class":57},[43,50498,800],{"class":53},[43,50500,215],{"class":57},[43,50502,3239],{"class":53},[43,50504,50505,50507,50509,50511,50513,50515],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,50506,50],{"class":49},[43,50508,54],{"class":53},[43,50510,1820],{"class":49},[43,50512,54],{"class":53},[43,50514,307],{"class":236},[43,50516,67],{"class":53},[14,50518,50519],{},"These can help when:",[150,50521,50522,50525,50530,50533],{},[153,50523,50524],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[153,50526,50527,50528],{},"you are getting a ",[18,50529,823],{},[153,50531,50532],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[153,50534,50535,50536,50538],{},"the second argument to ",[18,50537,44858],{}," is invalid",[14,50540,50541],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[150,50543,50544,50558,50564,50569],{},[153,50545,50546,50547,2172,50550,50553,50554,2172,50556],{},"using ",[18,50548,50549],{},"'int'",[18,50551,50552],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[18,50555,2069],{},[18,50557,1038],{},[153,50559,50560,50561,50563],{},"expecting ",[18,50562,44858],{}," to convert a value",[153,50565,50546,50566,50568],{},[18,50567,2642],{}," when inherited types should also match",[153,50570,50571],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[14,50573,50574,50575,315],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[189,50576,50578,50579],{"href":50577},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[18,50580,50581],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[29,50583,2162],{"id":2161},[402,50585,5466,50587,5469],{"id":50586},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[18,50588,44858],{},[14,50590,2206,50591,50593,50594,315],{},[18,50592,105],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[18,50595,613],{},[402,50597,5493,50599,50601],{"id":50598},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[18,50600,44858],{}," check more than one type?",[14,50603,50604,50605,315],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[18,50606,50607],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[402,50609,5503,50611,895,50613,2822],{"id":50610},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[18,50612,44858],{},[18,50614,2642],{},[14,50616,50617,50619,50620,50622],{},[18,50618,2642],{}," gives the exact type. ",[18,50621,44858],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[402,50624,13023,50626,50628],{"id":50625},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[18,50627,44858],{}," convert a value?",[14,50630,50631],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[29,50633,2229],{"id":2228},[150,50635,50636,50642,50646,50651,50656],{},[153,50637,50638],{},[189,50639,3894,50640,3827],{"href":2639},[18,50641,2642],{},[153,50643,50644],{},[189,50645,44850],{"href":49032},[153,50647,50648],{},[189,50649,50650],{"href":3288},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[153,50652,50653],{},[189,50654,50655],{"href":49035},"What is a data type in Python?",[153,50657,50658],{},[189,50659,50578,50660],{"href":50577},[18,50661,50581],{},[2262,50663,50664],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":50666},[50667,50668,50670,50673,50677,50678,50683,50689,50697,50698,50708],{"id":3926,"depth":70,"text":3927},{"id":48971,"depth":70,"text":50669},"What isinstance() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290,"children":50671},[50672],{"id":49063,"depth":93,"text":49064},{"id":11791,"depth":70,"text":11792,"children":50674},[50675,50676],{"id":49151,"depth":93,"text":49152},{"id":49222,"depth":93,"text":49223},{"id":49309,"depth":70,"text":49310},{"id":49506,"depth":70,"text":50679,"children":50680},"isinstance() vs type()",[50681,50682],{"id":49522,"depth":93,"text":49525},{"id":49564,"depth":93,"text":49567},{"id":49625,"depth":70,"text":49626,"children":50684},[50685,50686,50687,50688],{"id":49634,"depth":93,"text":49635},{"id":49816,"depth":93,"text":49817},{"id":49943,"depth":93,"text":49944},{"id":50021,"depth":93,"text":50022},{"id":4841,"depth":70,"text":4842,"children":50690},[50691,50693,50694,50696],{"id":50111,"depth":93,"text":50692},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50194,"depth":93,"text":50195},{"id":50279,"depth":93,"text":50695},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50363,"depth":93,"text":50364},{"id":26265,"depth":70,"text":26266},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":50699},[50700,50702,50704,50706],{"id":50586,"depth":93,"text":50701},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50598,"depth":93,"text":50703},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50610,"depth":93,"text":50705},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50625,"depth":93,"text":50707},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48872,"description":50709},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50715,"title":50716,"body":50717,"description":52690,"extension":2312,"meta":52691,"navigation":958,"path":52692,"seo":52693,"stem":52694,"__hash__":52695},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50718,"toc":52665},[50719,50722,50727,50732,50746,50749,50751,50826,50831,50835,50840,50843,50857,50859,51025,51038,51040,51042,51057,51060,51063,51076,51078,51176,51180,51186,51189,51198,51200,51235,51240,51261,51266,51271,51303,51306,51363,51367,51373,51376,51429,51431,51471,51474,51542,51545,51596,51603,51607,51613,51698,51704,51710,51759,51762,51765,51815,51817,51822,51826,51876,51880,51927,51931,52008,52012,52077,52080,52084,52089,52094,52106,52108,52127,52133,52136,52155,52160,52187,52194,52198,52204,52207,52302,52305,52308,52357,52362,52364,52368,52403,52406,52463,52473,52476,52510,52513,52515,52519,52522,52526,52529,52533,52536,52540,52553,52557,52562,52564,52614,52626,52628,52662],[10,50720,50716],{"id":50721},"python-len-function-explained",[14,50723,16,50724,50726],{},[18,50725,42412],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[14,50728,35728,50729,50731],{},[18,50730,42412],{}," to count:",[150,50733,50734,50737,50740,50743],{},[153,50735,50736],{},"characters in a string",[153,50738,50739],{},"items in a list or tuple",[153,50741,50742],{},"keys in a dictionary",[153,50744,50745],{},"unique items in a set",[14,50747,50748],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[29,50750,32],{"id":31},[34,50752,50754],{"className":36,"code":50753,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[18,50755,50756,50768,50788,50792,50809],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50757,50758,50760,50762,50764,50766],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50759,927],{"class":207},[43,50761,212],{"class":211},[43,50763,932],{"class":81},[43,50765,710],{"class":85},[43,50767,938],{"class":81},[43,50769,50770,50772,50774,50776,50778,50780,50782,50784,50786],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,50771,8104],{"class":207},[43,50773,212],{"class":211},[43,50775,3942],{"class":53},[43,50777,512],{"class":63},[43,50779,800],{"class":53},[43,50781,8115],{"class":63},[43,50783,800],{"class":53},[43,50785,8120],{"class":63},[43,50787,3955],{"class":53},[43,50789,50790],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,50791,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,50793,50794,50796,50798,50800,50802,50804,50806],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,50795,50],{"class":49},[43,50797,54],{"class":53},[43,50799,11477],{"class":49},[43,50801,54],{"class":53},[43,50803,951],{"class":236},[43,50805,5686],{"class":53},[43,50807,50808],{"class":3984},"   # 5\n",[43,50810,50811,50813,50815,50817,50819,50821,50823],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,50812,50],{"class":49},[43,50814,54],{"class":53},[43,50816,11477],{"class":49},[43,50818,54],{"class":53},[43,50820,8135],{"class":236},[43,50822,5686],{"class":53},[43,50824,50825],{"class":3984},"  # 3\n",[14,50827,133,50828,50830],{},[18,50829,42412],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[29,50832,50834],{"id":50833},"what-len-does","What len() does",[14,50836,50837,50839],{},[18,50838,42412],{}," returns the size of an object.",[14,50841,50842],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[150,50844,50845,50848,50851,50854],{},[153,50846,50847],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[153,50849,50850],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[153,50852,50853],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[153,50855,50856],{},"It always returns an integer",[14,50858,197],{},[34,50860,50862],{"className":36,"code":50861,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[18,50863,50864,50876,50901,50933,50953,50957,50974,50991,51008],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,50865,50866,50868,50870,50872,50874],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,50867,8202],{"class":207},[43,50869,212],{"class":211},[43,50871,932],{"class":81},[43,50873,8001],{"class":85},[43,50875,938],{"class":81},[43,50877,50878,50880,50882,50884,50886,50888,50890,50892,50894,50896,50899],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,50879,3937],{"class":207},[43,50881,212],{"class":211},[43,50883,3942],{"class":53},[43,50885,512],{"class":63},[43,50887,800],{"class":53},[43,50889,8115],{"class":63},[43,50891,800],{"class":53},[43,50893,8120],{"class":63},[43,50895,800],{"class":53},[43,50897,50898],{"class":63}," 40",[43,50900,3955],{"class":53},[43,50902,50903,50905,50907,50909,50911,50913,50915,50917,50919,50921,50923,50925,50927,50929,50931],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,50904,9481],{"class":207},[43,50906,212],{"class":211},[43,50908,1649],{"class":53},[43,50910,82],{"class":81},[43,50912,189],{"class":85},[43,50914,82],{"class":81},[43,50916,325],{"class":53},[43,50918,5823],{"class":63},[43,50920,800],{"class":53},[43,50922,932],{"class":81},[43,50924,1231],{"class":85},[43,50926,82],{"class":81},[43,50928,325],{"class":53},[43,50930,803],{"class":63},[43,50932,1667],{"class":53},[43,50934,50935,50937,50939,50941,50943,50945,50947,50949,50951],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,50936,4144],{"class":207},[43,50938,212],{"class":211},[43,50940,1649],{"class":53},[43,50942,64],{"class":63},[43,50944,800],{"class":53},[43,50946,37969],{"class":63},[43,50948,800],{"class":53},[43,50950,6320],{"class":63},[43,50952,1667],{"class":53},[43,50954,50955],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,50956,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,50958,50959,50961,50963,50965,50967,50969,50971],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,50960,50],{"class":49},[43,50962,54],{"class":53},[43,50964,11477],{"class":49},[43,50966,54],{"class":53},[43,50968,7992],{"class":236},[43,50970,5686],{"class":53},[43,50972,50973],{"class":3984},"     # 3\n",[43,50975,50976,50978,50980,50982,50984,50986,50988],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,50977,50],{"class":49},[43,50979,54],{"class":53},[43,50981,11477],{"class":49},[43,50983,54],{"class":53},[43,50985,3969],{"class":236},[43,50987,5686],{"class":53},[43,50989,50990],{"class":3984},"  # 4\n",[43,50992,50993,50995,50997,50999,51001,51003,51005],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,50994,50],{"class":49},[43,50996,54],{"class":53},[43,50998,11477],{"class":49},[43,51000,54],{"class":53},[43,51002,9520],{"class":236},[43,51004,5686],{"class":53},[43,51006,51007],{"class":3984},"     # 2\n",[43,51009,51010,51012,51014,51016,51018,51020,51022],{"class":45,"line":6756},[43,51011,50],{"class":49},[43,51013,54],{"class":53},[43,51015,11477],{"class":49},[43,51017,54],{"class":53},[43,51019,5683],{"class":236},[43,51021,5686],{"class":53},[43,51023,51024],{"class":3984},"   # 3\n",[14,51026,51027,51028,2534,51032,17395,51036,315],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[189,51029,51031],{"href":51030},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[189,51033,51035],{"href":51034},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[189,51037,9471],{"href":9470},[29,51039,290],{"id":289},[14,51041,2505],{},[34,51043,51045],{"className":36,"code":51044,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"len(object)\n",[18,51046,51047],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,51048,51049,51051,51053,51055],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,51050,11477],{"class":49},[43,51052,54],{"class":53},[43,51054,42450],{"class":57},[43,51056,227],{"class":53},[14,51058,51059],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[14,51061,51062],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[150,51064,51065,51067,51069,51071,51073],{},[153,51066,38233],{},[153,51068,38227],{},[153,51070,38230],{},[153,51072,38236],{},[153,51074,51075],{},"a dictionary",[14,51077,197],{},[34,51079,51081],{"className":36,"code":51080,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[18,51082,51083,51104,51128,51150],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,51084,51085,51087,51089,51091,51093,51095,51097,51099,51101],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,51086,50],{"class":49},[43,51088,54],{"class":53},[43,51090,11477],{"class":49},[43,51092,54],{"class":53},[43,51094,82],{"class":81},[43,51096,38],{"class":85},[43,51098,82],{"class":81},[43,51100,5686],{"class":53},[43,51102,51103],{"class":3984},"      # 6\n",[43,51105,51106,51108,51110,51112,51114,51116,51118,51120,51122,51124,51126],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,51107,50],{"class":49},[43,51109,54],{"class":53},[43,51111,11477],{"class":49},[43,51113,794],{"class":53},[43,51115,797],{"class":63},[43,51117,800],{"class":53},[43,51119,803],{"class":63},[43,51121,800],{"class":53},[43,51123,808],{"class":63},[43,51125,5058],{"class":53},[43,51127,50973],{"class":3984},[43,51129,51130,51132,51134,51136,51138,51140,51142,51144,51147],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,51131,50],{"class":49},[43,51133,54],{"class":53},[43,51135,11477],{"class":49},[43,51137,5836],{"class":53},[43,51139,512],{"class":63},[43,51141,800],{"class":53},[43,51143,8115],{"class":63},[43,51145,51146],{"class":53},")))",[43,51148,51149],{"class":3984},"      # 2\n",[43,51151,51152,51154,51156,51158,51160,51162,51164,51166,51168,51170,51173],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,51153,50],{"class":49},[43,51155,54],{"class":53},[43,51157,11477],{"class":49},[43,51159,5855],{"class":53},[43,51161,82],{"class":81},[43,51163,2519],{"class":85},[43,51165,82],{"class":81},[43,51167,325],{"class":53},[43,51169,5823],{"class":63},[43,51171,51172],{"class":53},"}))",[43,51174,51175],{"class":3984},"      # 1\n",[29,51177,51179],{"id":51178},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[14,51181,51182,51183,51185],{},"When you use ",[18,51184,42412],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[14,51187,51188],{},"That includes:",[150,51190,51191,51193,51195],{},[153,51192,36467],{},[153,51194,10768],{},[153,51196,51197],{},"punctuation",[14,51199,197],{},[34,51201,51203],{"className":36,"code":51202,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[18,51204,51205,51218],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,51206,51207,51209,51211,51213,51216],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,51208,927],{"class":207},[43,51210,212],{"class":211},[43,51212,932],{"class":81},[43,51214,51215],{"class":85},"Hi there!",[43,51217,938],{"class":81},[43,51219,51220,51222,51224,51226,51228,51230,51232],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,51221,50],{"class":49},[43,51223,54],{"class":53},[43,51225,11477],{"class":49},[43,51227,54],{"class":53},[43,51229,951],{"class":236},[43,51231,5686],{"class":53},[43,51233,51234],{"class":3984},"  # 9\n",[14,51236,51237,51238,2822],{},"Why is the result ",[18,51239,2490],{},[150,51241,51242,51248,51252,51255],{},[153,51243,51244,51247],{},[18,51245,51246],{},"H"," = 1",[153,51249,51250,51247],{},[18,51251,36478],{},[153,51253,51254],{},"space = 1",[153,51256,51257,51260],{},[18,51258,51259],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[14,51262,51263,51264],{},"Total: ",[18,51265,2490],{},[14,51267,51268,51269,325],{},"An empty string has length ",[18,51270,2466],{},[34,51272,51274],{"className":36,"code":51273,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[18,51275,51276,51285],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,51277,51278,51281,51283],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,51279,51280],{"class":207},"empty_text ",[43,51282,212],{"class":211},[43,51284,8207],{"class":81},[43,51286,51287,51289,51291,51293,51295,51298,51300],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,51288,50],{"class":49},[43,51290,54],{"class":53},[43,51292,11477],{"class":49},[43,51294,54],{"class":53},[43,51296,51297],{"class":236},"empty_text",[43,51299,5686],{"class":53},[43,51301,51302],{"class":3984},"  # 0\n",[14,51304,51305],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[34,51307,51309],{"className":36,"code":51308,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[18,51310,51311,51324,51328,51348],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,51312,51313,51316,51318,51320,51322],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,51314,51315],{"class":207},"user_name ",[43,51317,212],{"class":211},[43,51319,932],{"class":81},[43,51321,5327],{"class":85},[43,51323,938],{"class":81},[43,51325,51326],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,51327,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,51329,51330,51332,51334,51336,51339,51341,51344,51346],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,51331,7323],{"class":1927},[43,51333,38712],{"class":49},[43,51335,54],{"class":53},[43,51337,51338],{"class":236},"user_name",[43,51340,1221],{"class":53},[43,51342,51343],{"class":211}," >=",[43,51345,808],{"class":63},[43,51347,1931],{"class":53},[43,51349,51350,51352,51354,51356,51359,51361],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,51351,1951],{"class":49},[43,51353,54],{"class":53},[43,51355,82],{"class":81},[43,51357,51358],{"class":85},"Name is long enough",[43,51360,82],{"class":81},[43,51362,227],{"class":53},[29,51364,51366],{"id":51365},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[14,51368,51369,51370,51372],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[18,51371,42412],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[14,51374,51375],{},"Example with a list:",[34,51377,51379],{"className":36,"code":51378,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[18,51380,51381,51413],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,51382,51383,51385,51387,51389,51391,51393,51395,51397,51399,51401,51403,51405,51407,51409,51411],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,51384,13396],{"class":207},[43,51386,212],{"class":211},[43,51388,3942],{"class":53},[43,51390,82],{"class":81},[43,51392,13413],{"class":85},[43,51394,82],{"class":81},[43,51396,800],{"class":53},[43,51398,932],{"class":81},[43,51400,17777],{"class":85},[43,51402,82],{"class":81},[43,51404,800],{"class":53},[43,51406,932],{"class":81},[43,51408,13430],{"class":85},[43,51410,82],{"class":81},[43,51412,3955],{"class":53},[43,51414,51415,51417,51419,51421,51423,51425,51427],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,51416,50],{"class":49},[43,51418,54],{"class":53},[43,51420,11477],{"class":49},[43,51422,54],{"class":53},[43,51424,17824],{"class":236},[43,51426,5686],{"class":53},[43,51428,50825],{"class":3984},[14,51430,38242],{},[34,51432,51434],{"className":36,"code":51433,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[18,51435,51436,51453],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,51437,51438,51441,51443,51445,51447,51449,51451],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,51439,51440],{"class":207},"point ",[43,51442,212],{"class":211},[43,51444,9552],{"class":53},[43,51446,512],{"class":63},[43,51448,800],{"class":53},[43,51450,8115],{"class":63},[43,51452,227],{"class":53},[43,51454,51455,51457,51459,51461,51463,51466,51468],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,51456,50],{"class":49},[43,51458,54],{"class":53},[43,51460,11477],{"class":49},[43,51462,54],{"class":53},[43,51464,51465],{"class":236},"point",[43,51467,5686],{"class":53},[43,51469,51470],{"class":3984},"  # 2\n",[14,51472,51473],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[34,51475,51477],{"className":36,"code":51476,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[18,51478,51479,51503,51507,51525],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,51480,51481,51483,51485,51487,51489,51491,51493,51495,51497,51499,51501],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,51482,8104],{"class":207},[43,51484,212],{"class":211},[43,51486,3942],{"class":53},[43,51488,82],{"class":81},[43,51490,4401],{"class":85},[43,51492,82],{"class":81},[43,51494,800],{"class":53},[43,51496,932],{"class":81},[43,51498,4410],{"class":85},[43,51500,82],{"class":81},[43,51502,3955],{"class":53},[43,51504,51505],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,51506,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,51508,51509,51511,51513,51515,51517,51519,51521,51523],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,51510,7323],{"class":1927},[43,51512,38712],{"class":49},[43,51514,54],{"class":53},[43,51516,8135],{"class":236},[43,51518,1221],{"class":53},[43,51520,38722],{"class":211},[43,51522,5823],{"class":63},[43,51524,1931],{"class":53},[43,51526,51527,51529,51531,51533,51535,51537,51539],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,51528,1951],{"class":49},[43,51530,54],{"class":53},[43,51532,8135],{"class":236},[43,51534,4221],{"class":53},[43,51536,797],{"class":63},[43,51538,20769],{"class":53},[43,51540,51541],{"class":3984},"  # banana\n",[14,51543,51544],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[34,51546,51548],{"className":36,"code":51547,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[18,51549,51550,51573],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,51551,51552,51554,51556,51558,51561,51563,51566,51568,51571],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,51553,5387],{"class":207},[43,51555,212],{"class":211},[43,51557,3942],{"class":53},[43,51559,51560],{"class":63},"88",[43,51562,800],{"class":53},[43,51564,51565],{"class":63}," 91",[43,51567,800],{"class":53},[43,51569,51570],{"class":63}," 75",[43,51572,3955],{"class":53},[43,51574,51575,51577,51579,51581,51584,51586,51588,51590,51592,51594],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,51576,50],{"class":49},[43,51578,54],{"class":53},[43,51580,82],{"class":81},[43,51582,51583],{"class":85},"Number of scores:",[43,51585,82],{"class":81},[43,51587,800],{"class":53},[43,51589,38712],{"class":49},[43,51591,54],{"class":53},[43,51593,16711],{"class":236},[43,51595,67],{"class":53},[14,51597,51598,51599,315],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[189,51600,51602],{"href":51601},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[29,51604,51606],{"id":51605},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[14,51608,51609,51610,51612],{},"For dictionaries, ",[18,51611,42412],{}," counts keys.",[34,51614,51616],{"className":36,"code":51615,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[18,51617,51618,51626,51644,51658,51674,51678,51682],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,51619,51620,51622,51624],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,51621,13183],{"class":207},[43,51623,212],{"class":211},[43,51625,11810],{"class":53},[43,51627,51628,51630,51632,51634,51636,51638,51640,51642],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,51629,11815],{"class":81},[43,51631,7992],{"class":85},[43,51633,82],{"class":81},[43,51635,325],{"class":53},[43,51637,932],{"class":81},[43,51639,8247],{"class":85},[43,51641,82],{"class":81},[43,51643,11831],{"class":53},[43,51645,51646,51648,51650,51652,51654,51656],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,51647,11815],{"class":81},[43,51649,9615],{"class":85},[43,51651,82],{"class":81},[43,51653,325],{"class":53},[43,51655,31264],{"class":63},[43,51657,11831],{"class":53},[43,51659,51660,51662,51664,51666,51668,51670,51672],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,51661,11815],{"class":81},[43,51663,20214],{"class":85},[43,51665,82],{"class":81},[43,51667,325],{"class":53},[43,51669,932],{"class":81},[43,51671,22568],{"class":85},[43,51673,938],{"class":81},[43,51675,51676],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,51677,1667],{"class":53},[43,51679,51680],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,51681,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,51683,51684,51686,51688,51690,51692,51694,51696],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,51685,50],{"class":49},[43,51687,54],{"class":53},[43,51689,11477],{"class":49},[43,51691,54],{"class":53},[43,51693,13947],{"class":236},[43,51695,5686],{"class":53},[43,51697,50825],{"class":3984},[14,51699,51700,51701,51703],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[18,51702,42412],{}," returns the number of keys.",[14,51705,51706,51707,51709],{},"For sets, ",[18,51708,42412],{}," counts unique items:",[34,51711,51713],{"className":36,"code":51712,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[18,51714,51715,51743],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,51716,51717,51719,51721,51723,51725,51727,51729,51731,51733,51735,51737,51739,51741],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,51718,3937],{"class":207},[43,51720,212],{"class":211},[43,51722,1649],{"class":53},[43,51724,797],{"class":63},[43,51726,800],{"class":53},[43,51728,803],{"class":63},[43,51730,800],{"class":53},[43,51732,808],{"class":63},[43,51734,800],{"class":53},[43,51736,808],{"class":63},[43,51738,800],{"class":53},[43,51740,803],{"class":63},[43,51742,1667],{"class":53},[43,51744,51745,51747,51749,51751,51753,51755,51757],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,51746,50],{"class":49},[43,51748,54],{"class":53},[43,51750,11477],{"class":49},[43,51752,54],{"class":53},[43,51754,3969],{"class":236},[43,51756,5686],{"class":53},[43,51758,50825],{"class":3984},[14,51760,51761],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[14,51763,51764],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[34,51766,51768],{"className":36,"code":51767,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[18,51769,51770,51778,51782,51800],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,51771,51772,51774,51776],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,51773,9481],{"class":207},[43,51775,212],{"class":211},[43,51777,10154],{"class":53},[43,51779,51780],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,51781,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,51783,51784,51786,51788,51790,51792,51794,51796,51798],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,51785,7323],{"class":1927},[43,51787,38712],{"class":49},[43,51789,54],{"class":53},[43,51791,9520],{"class":236},[43,51793,1221],{"class":53},[43,51795,6734],{"class":211},[43,51797,4155],{"class":63},[43,51799,1931],{"class":53},[43,51801,51802,51804,51806,51808,51811,51813],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,51803,1951],{"class":49},[43,51805,54],{"class":53},[43,51807,82],{"class":81},[43,51809,51810],{"class":85},"The dictionary is empty",[43,51812,82],{"class":81},[43,51814,227],{"class":53},[29,51816,1063],{"id":1062},[14,51818,51819,51820,315],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[18,51821,42412],{},[402,51823,51825],{"id":51824},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[34,51827,51829],{"className":36,"code":51828,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[18,51830,51831,51839,51843,51861],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,51832,51833,51835,51837],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,51834,8104],{"class":207},[43,51836,212],{"class":211},[43,51838,8164],{"class":53},[43,51840,51841],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,51842,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,51844,51845,51847,51849,51851,51853,51855,51857,51859],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,51846,7323],{"class":1927},[43,51848,38712],{"class":49},[43,51850,54],{"class":53},[43,51852,8135],{"class":236},[43,51854,1221],{"class":53},[43,51856,6734],{"class":211},[43,51858,4155],{"class":63},[43,51860,1931],{"class":53},[43,51862,51863,51865,51867,51869,51872,51874],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,51864,1951],{"class":49},[43,51866,54],{"class":53},[43,51868,82],{"class":81},[43,51870,51871],{"class":85},"The list is empty",[43,51873,82],{"class":81},[43,51875,227],{"class":53},[402,51877,51879],{"id":51878},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[34,51881,51883],{"className":36,"code":51882,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[18,51884,51885,51904],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,51886,51887,51889,51891,51893,51895,51897,51900,51902],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,51888,6481],{"class":207},[43,51890,212],{"class":211},[43,51892,1096],{"class":49},[43,51894,54],{"class":53},[43,51896,82],{"class":81},[43,51898,51899],{"class":85},"Enter a word: ",[43,51901,82],{"class":81},[43,51903,227],{"class":53},[43,51905,51906,51908,51910,51912,51915,51917,51919,51921,51923,51925],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,51907,50],{"class":49},[43,51909,54],{"class":53},[43,51911,82],{"class":81},[43,51913,51914],{"class":85},"Number of characters:",[43,51916,82],{"class":81},[43,51918,800],{"class":53},[43,51920,38712],{"class":49},[43,51922,54],{"class":53},[43,51924,38717],{"class":236},[43,51926,67],{"class":53},[402,51928,51930],{"id":51929},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[34,51932,51934],{"className":36,"code":51933,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[18,51935,51936,51950,51954,51972,51987,51993],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,51937,51938,51941,51943,51945,51948],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,51939,51940],{"class":207},"password ",[43,51942,212],{"class":211},[43,51944,932],{"class":81},[43,51946,51947],{"class":85},"secret123",[43,51949,938],{"class":81},[43,51951,51952],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,51953,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,51955,51956,51958,51960,51962,51964,51966,51968,51970],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,51957,7323],{"class":1927},[43,51959,38712],{"class":49},[43,51961,54],{"class":53},[43,51963,17943],{"class":236},[43,51965,1221],{"class":53},[43,51967,51343],{"class":211},[43,51969,6686],{"class":63},[43,51971,1931],{"class":53},[43,51973,51974,51976,51978,51980,51983,51985],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,51975,1951],{"class":49},[43,51977,54],{"class":53},[43,51979,82],{"class":81},[43,51981,51982],{"class":85},"Password length is valid",[43,51984,82],{"class":81},[43,51986,227],{"class":53},[43,51988,51989,51991],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,51990,27758],{"class":1927},[43,51992,1931],{"class":53},[43,51994,51995,51997,51999,52001,52004,52006],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,51996,1951],{"class":49},[43,51998,54],{"class":53},[43,52000,82],{"class":81},[43,52002,52003],{"class":85},"Password is too short",[43,52005,82],{"class":81},[43,52007,227],{"class":53},[402,52009,52011],{"id":52010},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[34,52013,52015],{"className":36,"code":52014,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[18,52016,52017,52053],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52018,52019,52022,52024,52026,52028,52031,52033,52035,52037,52040,52042,52044,52046,52049,52051],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52020,52021],{"class":207},"results ",[43,52023,212],{"class":211},[43,52025,3942],{"class":53},[43,52027,82],{"class":81},[43,52029,52030],{"class":85},"item1",[43,52032,82],{"class":81},[43,52034,800],{"class":53},[43,52036,932],{"class":81},[43,52038,52039],{"class":85},"item2",[43,52041,82],{"class":81},[43,52043,800],{"class":53},[43,52045,932],{"class":81},[43,52047,52048],{"class":85},"item3",[43,52050,82],{"class":81},[43,52052,3955],{"class":53},[43,52054,52055,52057,52059,52061,52064,52066,52068,52070,52072,52075],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,52056,50],{"class":49},[43,52058,54],{"class":53},[43,52060,82],{"class":81},[43,52062,52063],{"class":85},"Items found:",[43,52065,82],{"class":81},[43,52067,800],{"class":53},[43,52069,38712],{"class":49},[43,52071,54],{"class":53},[43,52073,52074],{"class":236},"results",[43,52076,67],{"class":53},[14,52078,52079],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[29,52081,52083],{"id":52082},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[14,52085,52086,52088],{},[18,52087,42412],{}," does not work on every value.",[14,52090,52091,52092,325],{},"These will raise a ",[18,52093,823],{},[150,52095,52096,52099,52102],{},[153,52097,52098],{},"plain integers",[153,52100,52101],{},"floats",[153,52103,52104],{},[18,52105,4099],{},[14,52107,197],{},[34,52109,52111],{"className":36,"code":52110,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(len(5))\n",[18,52112,52113],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52114,52115,52117,52119,52121,52123,52125],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52116,50],{"class":49},[43,52118,54],{"class":53},[43,52120,11477],{"class":49},[43,52122,54],{"class":53},[43,52124,64],{"class":63},[43,52126,67],{"class":53},[14,52128,52129,52130,52132],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[18,52131,64],{}," does not have a length.",[14,52134,52135],{},"Another example:",[34,52137,52139],{"className":36,"code":52138,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(len(3.14))\n",[18,52140,52141],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52142,52143,52145,52147,52149,52151,52153],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52144,50],{"class":49},[43,52146,54],{"class":53},[43,52148,11477],{"class":49},[43,52150,54],{"class":53},[43,52152,86],{"class":63},[43,52154,67],{"class":53},[14,52156,52157,52158,325],{},"And with ",[18,52159,4099],{},[34,52161,52163],{"className":36,"code":52162,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[18,52164,52165,52173],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52166,52167,52169,52171],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52168,1589],{"class":207},[43,52170,212],{"class":211},[43,52172,48581],{"class":104},[43,52174,52175,52177,52179,52181,52183,52185],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,52176,50],{"class":49},[43,52178,54],{"class":53},[43,52180,11477],{"class":49},[43,52182,54],{"class":53},[43,52184,307],{"class":236},[43,52186,67],{"class":53},[14,52188,52189,52190,315],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[189,52191,52193],{"href":52192},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[29,52195,52197],{"id":52196},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[14,52199,52200,52201,52203],{},"Before using ",[18,52202,42412],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[14,52205,52206],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[34,52208,52210],{"className":36,"code":52209,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[18,52211,52212,52220,52224,52234,52248,52266,52284],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52213,52214,52216,52218],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52215,1589],{"class":207},[43,52217,212],{"class":211},[43,52219,48581],{"class":104},[43,52221,52222],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,52223,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,52225,52226,52228,52230,52232],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,52227,50],{"class":49},[43,52229,54],{"class":53},[43,52231,307],{"class":236},[43,52233,227],{"class":53},[43,52235,52236,52238,52240,52242,52244,52246],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,52237,50],{"class":49},[43,52239,54],{"class":53},[43,52241,248],{"class":57},[43,52243,54],{"class":53},[43,52245,307],{"class":236},[43,52247,67],{"class":53},[43,52249,52250,52252,52254,52256,52258,52260,52262,52264],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,52251,50],{"class":49},[43,52253,54],{"class":53},[43,52255,48929],{"class":49},[43,52257,54],{"class":53},[43,52259,307],{"class":236},[43,52261,800],{"class":53},[43,52263,48958],{"class":57},[43,52265,67],{"class":53},[43,52267,52268,52270,52272,52274,52276,52278,52280,52282],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,52269,50],{"class":49},[43,52271,54],{"class":53},[43,52273,48929],{"class":49},[43,52275,54],{"class":53},[43,52277,307],{"class":236},[43,52279,800],{"class":53},[43,52281,22883],{"class":57},[43,52283,67],{"class":53},[43,52285,52286,52288,52290,52292,52294,52296,52298,52300],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,52287,50],{"class":49},[43,52289,54],{"class":53},[43,52291,48929],{"class":49},[43,52293,54],{"class":53},[43,52295,307],{"class":236},[43,52297,800],{"class":53},[43,52299,9486],{"class":57},[43,52301,67],{"class":53},[14,52303,52304],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[14,52306,52307],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[34,52309,52311],{"className":36,"code":52310,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[18,52312,52313,52325,52329,52343],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52314,52315,52317,52319,52321,52323],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52316,1589],{"class":207},[43,52318,212],{"class":211},[43,52320,932],{"class":81},[43,52322,710],{"class":85},[43,52324,938],{"class":81},[43,52326,52327],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,52328,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,52330,52331,52333,52335,52337,52339,52341],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,52332,7323],{"class":1927},[43,52334,21907],{"class":207},[43,52336,12512],{"class":211},[43,52338,844],{"class":211},[43,52340,4173],{"class":104},[43,52342,1931],{"class":53},[43,52344,52345,52347,52349,52351,52353,52355],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,52346,1951],{"class":49},[43,52348,54],{"class":53},[43,52350,11477],{"class":49},[43,52352,54],{"class":53},[43,52354,307],{"class":236},[43,52356,67],{"class":53},[14,52358,52359,52360,315],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[189,52361,8762],{"href":2639},[29,52363,3160],{"id":3159},[14,52365,23418,52366,325],{},[18,52367,42412],{},[150,52369,52370,52378,52386,52394,52400],{},[153,52371,8738,52372,52374,52375],{},[18,52373,42412],{}," on an integer like ",[18,52376,52377],{},"len(5)",[153,52379,8738,52380,52382,52383],{},[18,52381,42412],{}," on a float like ",[18,52384,52385],{},"len(3.14)",[153,52387,8738,52388,52390,52391,52393],{},[18,52389,42412],{}," on ",[18,52392,4099],{}," after a function returns nothing",[153,52395,4903,52396,52399],{},[18,52397,52398],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[153,52401,52402],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[14,52404,52405],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[34,52407,52409],{"className":36,"code":52408,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[18,52410,52411,52447],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52412,52413,52415,52417,52419,52421,52423,52425,52427,52429,52431,52433,52435,52437,52439,52441,52443,52445],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52414,13525],{"class":207},[43,52416,212],{"class":211},[43,52418,1649],{"class":53},[43,52420,82],{"class":81},[43,52422,7992],{"class":85},[43,52424,82],{"class":81},[43,52426,325],{"class":53},[43,52428,932],{"class":81},[43,52430,13200],{"class":85},[43,52432,82],{"class":81},[43,52434,800],{"class":53},[43,52436,932],{"class":81},[43,52438,9615],{"class":85},[43,52440,82],{"class":81},[43,52442,325],{"class":53},[43,52444,8115],{"class":63},[43,52446,1667],{"class":53},[43,52448,52449,52451,52453,52455,52457,52459,52461],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,52450,50],{"class":49},[43,52452,54],{"class":53},[43,52454,11477],{"class":49},[43,52456,54],{"class":53},[43,52458,17630],{"class":236},[43,52460,5686],{"class":53},[43,52462,51470],{"class":3984},[14,52464,37920,52465,52467,52468,895,52470,315],{},[18,52466,447],{}," because there are two keys: ",[18,52469,15561],{},[18,52471,52472],{},"\"age\"",[14,52474,52475],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[34,52477,52479],{"className":36,"code":52478,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[18,52480,52481,52494],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52482,52483,52485,52487,52489,52492],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52484,927],{"class":207},[43,52486,212],{"class":211},[43,52488,932],{"class":81},[43,52490,52491],{"class":85},"a b",[43,52493,938],{"class":81},[43,52495,52496,52498,52500,52502,52504,52506,52508],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,52497,50],{"class":49},[43,52499,54],{"class":53},[43,52501,11477],{"class":49},[43,52503,54],{"class":53},[43,52505,951],{"class":236},[43,52507,5686],{"class":53},[43,52509,50825],{"class":3984},[14,52511,52512],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[29,52514,2162],{"id":2161},[402,52516,52518],{"id":52517},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[14,52520,52521],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[402,52523,52525],{"id":52524},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[14,52527,52528],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[402,52530,52532],{"id":52531},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[14,52534,52535],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[402,52537,52539],{"id":52538},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[14,52541,52542,52543,52545,52546,2172,52548,52550,52551,315],{},"No. Using ",[18,52544,42412],{}," on an ",[18,52547,2069],{},[18,52549,58],{}," raises a ",[18,52552,823],{},[402,52554,52556],{"id":52555},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[14,52558,8087,52559,315],{},[18,52560,52561],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[14,52563,197],{},[34,52565,52567],{"className":36,"code":52566,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[18,52568,52569,52577,52581,52599],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52570,52571,52573,52575],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52572,8628],{"class":207},[43,52574,212],{"class":211},[43,52576,8164],{"class":53},[43,52578,52579],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,52580,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,52582,52583,52585,52587,52589,52591,52593,52595,52597],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,52584,7323],{"class":1927},[43,52586,38712],{"class":49},[43,52588,54],{"class":53},[43,52590,8659],{"class":236},[43,52592,1221],{"class":53},[43,52594,6734],{"class":211},[43,52596,4155],{"class":63},[43,52598,1931],{"class":53},[43,52600,52601,52603,52605,52607,52610,52612],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,52602,1951],{"class":49},[43,52604,54],{"class":53},[43,52606,82],{"class":81},[43,52608,52609],{"class":85},"Empty list",[43,52611,82],{"class":81},[43,52613,227],{"class":53},[14,52615,52616,52617,52619,52620,52622,52623,52625],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[18,52618,613],{}," in an ",[18,52621,7323],{}," statement, but ",[18,52624,42412],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[29,52627,2229],{"id":2228},[150,52629,52630,52634,52638,52642,52647,52651,52657],{},[153,52631,52632],{},[189,52633,51031],{"href":51030},[153,52635,52636],{},[189,52637,51035],{"href":51034},[153,52639,52640],{},[189,52641,9471],{"href":9470},[153,52643,52644],{},[189,52645,52646],{"href":51601},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[153,52648,52649],{},[189,52650,8762],{"href":2639},[153,52652,52653],{},[189,52654,52656],{"href":52655},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[153,52658,52659],{},[189,52660,52661],{"href":52192},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2262,52663,52664],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":52666},[52667,52668,52669,52670,52671,52672,52673,52679,52680,52681,52682,52689],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":50833,"depth":70,"text":50834},{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":51178,"depth":70,"text":51179},{"id":51365,"depth":70,"text":51366},{"id":51605,"depth":70,"text":51606},{"id":1062,"depth":70,"text":1063,"children":52674},[52675,52676,52677,52678],{"id":51824,"depth":93,"text":51825},{"id":51878,"depth":93,"text":51879},{"id":51929,"depth":93,"text":51930},{"id":52010,"depth":93,"text":52011},{"id":52082,"depth":70,"text":52083},{"id":52196,"depth":70,"text":52197},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":52683},[52684,52685,52686,52687,52688],{"id":52517,"depth":93,"text":52518},{"id":52524,"depth":93,"text":52525},{"id":52531,"depth":93,"text":52532},{"id":52538,"depth":93,"text":52539},{"id":52555,"depth":93,"text":52556},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50716,"description":52690},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52697,"title":52698,"body":52699,"description":54384,"extension":2312,"meta":54385,"navigation":958,"path":54386,"seo":54387,"stem":54388,"__hash__":54389},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52700,"toc":54357},[52701,52704,52718,52724,52726,52780,52785,52789,52805,52808,52822,52828,52830,52833,52852,52868,52870,52946,52948,52985,52996,52998,53001,53062,53064,53097,53100,53106,53110,53113,53238,53240,53299,53307,53360,53362,53389,53395,53405,53409,53412,53417,53469,53471,53497,53503,53557,53559,53584,53587,53611,53617,53619,53623,53625,53682,53684,53692,53694,53716,53718,53771,53773,53797,53801,53803,53842,53844,53852,53858,53862,53914,53916,53942,53950,53954,53959,53968,53970,54036,54038,54070,54074,54079,54081,54095,54098,54171,54173,54199,54201,54205,54212,54216,54223,54227,54230,54232,54285,54287,54313,54317,54326,54328,54354],[10,52702,52698],{"id":52703},"python-list-append-method",[14,52705,1073,52706,52709,52710,52713,52714,52717],{},[18,52707,52708],{},"append()"," method adds ",[913,52711,52712],{},"one item"," to the ",[913,52715,52716],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[14,52719,52720,52721,52723],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[913,52722,734],{}," create a new list.",[29,52725,3927],{"id":3926},[34,52727,52729],{"className":36,"code":52728,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,52730,52731,52751,52765,52775],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52732,52733,52735,52737,52739,52741,52743,52745,52747,52749],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52734,3937],{"class":207},[43,52736,212],{"class":211},[43,52738,3942],{"class":53},[43,52740,797],{"class":63},[43,52742,800],{"class":53},[43,52744,803],{"class":63},[43,52746,800],{"class":53},[43,52748,808],{"class":63},[43,52750,3955],{"class":53},[43,52752,52753,52755,52757,52759,52761,52763],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,52754,3969],{"class":207},[43,52756,315],{"class":53},[43,52758,13874],{"class":236},[43,52760,54],{"class":53},[43,52762,2835],{"class":63},[43,52764,227],{"class":53},[43,52766,52767,52769,52771,52773],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,52768,50],{"class":49},[43,52770,54],{"class":53},[43,52772,3969],{"class":236},[43,52774,227],{"class":53},[43,52776,52777],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,52778,52779],{"class":3984},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,52781,133,52782,52784],{},[18,52783,52708],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[29,52786,52788],{"id":52787},"what-append-does","What append() does",[150,52790,52791,52796,52799,52802],{},[153,52792,52793,52795],{},[18,52794,52708],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[153,52797,52798],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[153,52800,52801],{},"It does not create a new list",[153,52803,52804],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[14,52806,52807],{},"This means you can append:",[150,52809,52810,52812,52814,52816,52818,52820],{},[153,52811,3969],{},[153,52813,5633],{},[153,52815,577],{},[153,52817,5624],{},[153,52819,7575],{},[153,52821,34985],{},[14,52823,52824,52825,315],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[189,52826,52827],{"href":51034},"Python lists explained for beginners",[29,52829,5756],{"id":5755},[14,52831,52832],{},"Basic form:",[34,52834,52836],{"className":36,"code":52835,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list.append(item)\n",[18,52837,52838],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52839,52840,52842,52844,52846,52848,52850],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52841,8659],{"class":207},[43,52843,315],{"class":53},[43,52845,13874],{"class":236},[43,52847,54],{"class":53},[43,52849,23634],{"class":236},[43,52851,227],{"class":53},[150,52853,52854,52859,52864],{},[153,52855,52856,52858],{},[18,52857,8659],{}," is the list you want to change",[153,52860,52861,52863],{},[18,52862,23634],{}," is the value or object to add",[153,52865,12229,52866],{},[18,52867,4099],{},[14,52869,197],{},[34,52871,52873],{"className":36,"code":52872,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[18,52874,52875,52899,52922,52926,52936],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52876,52877,52879,52881,52883,52885,52887,52889,52891,52893,52895,52897],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52878,36563],{"class":207},[43,52880,212],{"class":211},[43,52882,3942],{"class":53},[43,52884,82],{"class":81},[43,52886,4401],{"class":85},[43,52888,82],{"class":81},[43,52890,800],{"class":53},[43,52892,932],{"class":81},[43,52894,4410],{"class":85},[43,52896,82],{"class":81},[43,52898,3955],{"class":53},[43,52900,52901,52903,52905,52908,52910,52912,52914,52916,52918,52920],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,52902,1282],{"class":207},[43,52904,212],{"class":211},[43,52906,52907],{"class":207}," fruits",[43,52909,315],{"class":53},[43,52911,13874],{"class":236},[43,52913,54],{"class":53},[43,52915,82],{"class":81},[43,52917,33543],{"class":85},[43,52919,82],{"class":81},[43,52921,227],{"class":53},[43,52923,52924],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,52925,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,52927,52928,52930,52932,52934],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,52929,50],{"class":49},[43,52931,54],{"class":53},[43,52933,36615],{"class":236},[43,52935,227],{"class":53},[43,52937,52938,52940,52942,52944],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,52939,50],{"class":49},[43,52941,54],{"class":53},[43,52943,1306],{"class":236},[43,52945,227],{"class":53},[14,52947,110],{},[34,52949,52951],{"className":36,"code":52950,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[18,52952,52953,52981],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,52954,52955,52957,52959,52961,52963,52965,52967,52969,52971,52973,52975,52977,52979],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,52956,4221],{"class":53},[43,52958,283],{"class":81},[43,52960,4401],{"class":85},[43,52962,283],{"class":81},[43,52964,800],{"class":53},[43,52966,278],{"class":81},[43,52968,4410],{"class":85},[43,52970,283],{"class":81},[43,52972,800],{"class":53},[43,52974,278],{"class":81},[43,52976,33543],{"class":85},[43,52978,283],{"class":81},[43,52980,3955],{"class":53},[43,52982,52983],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,52984,12126],{"class":104},[14,52986,52987,52988,52990,52991,52993,52994,315],{},"The important detail is that ",[18,52989,52708],{}," updates ",[18,52992,36615],{},", but the method itself returns ",[18,52995,4099],{},[29,52997,11792],{"id":11791},[14,52999,53000],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[34,53002,53004],{"className":36,"code":53003,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,53005,53006,53030,53048,53052],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53007,53008,53010,53012,53014,53016,53018,53020,53022,53024,53026,53028],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53009,13396],{"class":207},[43,53011,212],{"class":211},[43,53013,3942],{"class":53},[43,53015,82],{"class":81},[43,53017,13413],{"class":85},[43,53019,82],{"class":81},[43,53021,800],{"class":53},[43,53023,932],{"class":81},[43,53025,13430],{"class":85},[43,53027,82],{"class":81},[43,53029,3955],{"class":53},[43,53031,53032,53034,53036,53038,53040,53042,53044,53046],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,53033,17824],{"class":207},[43,53035,315],{"class":53},[43,53037,13874],{"class":236},[43,53039,54],{"class":53},[43,53041,82],{"class":81},[43,53043,17777],{"class":85},[43,53045,82],{"class":81},[43,53047,227],{"class":53},[43,53049,53050],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,53051,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,53053,53054,53056,53058,53060],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,53055,50],{"class":49},[43,53057,54],{"class":53},[43,53059,17824],{"class":236},[43,53061,227],{"class":53},[14,53063,110],{},[34,53065,53067],{"className":36,"code":53066,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,53068,53069],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53070,53071,53073,53075,53077,53079,53081,53083,53085,53087,53089,53091,53093,53095],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53072,4221],{"class":53},[43,53074,283],{"class":81},[43,53076,13413],{"class":85},[43,53078,283],{"class":81},[43,53080,800],{"class":53},[43,53082,278],{"class":81},[43,53084,13430],{"class":85},[43,53086,283],{"class":81},[43,53088,800],{"class":53},[43,53090,278],{"class":81},[43,53092,17777],{"class":85},[43,53094,283],{"class":81},[43,53096,3955],{"class":53},[14,53098,53099],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[14,53101,31404,53102,315],{},[189,53103,53105],{"href":53104},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[29,53107,53109],{"id":53108},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[14,53111,53112],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[34,53114,53116],{"className":36,"code":53115,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,53117,53118,53126,53130,53144,53162,53176,53202,53224,53228],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53119,53120,53122,53124],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53121,8104],{"class":207},[43,53123,212],{"class":211},[43,53125,8164],{"class":53},[43,53127,53128],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,53129,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,53131,53132,53134,53136,53138,53140,53142],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,53133,8135],{"class":207},[43,53135,315],{"class":53},[43,53137,13874],{"class":236},[43,53139,54],{"class":53},[43,53141,512],{"class":63},[43,53143,227],{"class":53},[43,53145,53146,53148,53150,53152,53154,53156,53158,53160],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,53147,8135],{"class":207},[43,53149,315],{"class":53},[43,53151,13874],{"class":236},[43,53153,54],{"class":53},[43,53155,82],{"class":81},[43,53157,710],{"class":85},[43,53159,82],{"class":81},[43,53161,227],{"class":53},[43,53163,53164,53166,53168,53170,53172,53174],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,53165,8135],{"class":207},[43,53167,315],{"class":53},[43,53169,13874],{"class":236},[43,53171,54],{"class":53},[43,53173,105],{"class":104},[43,53175,227],{"class":53},[43,53177,53178,53180,53182,53184,53186,53188,53190,53192,53194,53196,53198,53200],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,53179,8135],{"class":207},[43,53181,315],{"class":53},[43,53183,13874],{"class":236},[43,53185,5855],{"class":53},[43,53187,82],{"class":81},[43,53189,7992],{"class":85},[43,53191,82],{"class":81},[43,53193,325],{"class":53},[43,53195,932],{"class":81},[43,53197,8001],{"class":85},[43,53199,82],{"class":81},[43,53201,30817],{"class":53},[43,53203,53204,53206,53208,53210,53212,53214,53216,53218,53220,53222],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,53205,8135],{"class":207},[43,53207,315],{"class":53},[43,53209,13874],{"class":236},[43,53211,794],{"class":53},[43,53213,797],{"class":63},[43,53215,800],{"class":53},[43,53217,803],{"class":63},[43,53219,800],{"class":53},[43,53221,808],{"class":63},[43,53223,4209],{"class":53},[43,53225,53226],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,53227,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,53229,53230,53232,53234,53236],{"class":45,"line":6756},[43,53231,50],{"class":49},[43,53233,54],{"class":53},[43,53235,8135],{"class":236},[43,53237,227],{"class":53},[14,53239,110],{},[34,53241,53243],{"className":36,"code":53242,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[18,53244,53245],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53246,53247,53249,53251,53253,53255,53257,53259,53261,53263,53265,53267,53269,53271,53273,53275,53277,53279,53281,53284,53286,53288,53290,53292,53294,53296],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53248,4221],{"class":53},[43,53250,512],{"class":63},[43,53252,800],{"class":53},[43,53254,278],{"class":81},[43,53256,710],{"class":85},[43,53258,283],{"class":81},[43,53260,800],{"class":53},[43,53262,4237],{"class":104},[43,53264,800],{"class":53},[43,53266,1649],{"class":53},[43,53268,283],{"class":81},[43,53270,7992],{"class":85},[43,53272,283],{"class":81},[43,53274,325],{"class":53},[43,53276,278],{"class":81},[43,53278,8001],{"class":85},[43,53280,283],{"class":81},[43,53282,53283],{"class":53},"},",[43,53285,3942],{"class":53},[43,53287,797],{"class":63},[43,53289,800],{"class":53},[43,53291,803],{"class":63},[43,53293,800],{"class":53},[43,53295,808],{"class":63},[43,53297,53298],{"class":53},"]]\n",[14,53300,53301,53302,2218,53304,315],{},"A list added with ",[18,53303,52708],{},[913,53305,53306],{},"one single item",[34,53308,53310],{"className":36,"code":53309,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,53311,53312,53328,53346,53350],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53313,53314,53316,53318,53320,53322,53324,53326],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53315,3937],{"class":207},[43,53317,212],{"class":211},[43,53319,3942],{"class":53},[43,53321,797],{"class":63},[43,53323,800],{"class":53},[43,53325,803],{"class":63},[43,53327,3955],{"class":53},[43,53329,53330,53332,53334,53336,53338,53340,53342,53344],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,53331,3969],{"class":207},[43,53333,315],{"class":53},[43,53335,13874],{"class":236},[43,53337,794],{"class":53},[43,53339,2409],{"class":63},[43,53341,800],{"class":53},[43,53343,2789],{"class":63},[43,53345,4209],{"class":53},[43,53347,53348],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,53349,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,53351,53352,53354,53356,53358],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,53353,50],{"class":49},[43,53355,54],{"class":53},[43,53357,3969],{"class":236},[43,53359,227],{"class":53},[14,53361,110],{},[34,53363,53365],{"className":36,"code":53364,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[18,53366,53367],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53368,53369,53371,53373,53375,53377,53379,53381,53383,53385,53387],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53370,4221],{"class":53},[43,53372,797],{"class":63},[43,53374,800],{"class":53},[43,53376,803],{"class":63},[43,53378,800],{"class":53},[43,53380,3942],{"class":53},[43,53382,2409],{"class":63},[43,53384,800],{"class":53},[43,53386,2789],{"class":63},[43,53388,53298],{"class":53},[14,53390,2626,53391,53394],{},[18,53392,53393],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[14,53396,53397,53398,53404],{},"This is different from ",[189,53399,53401],{"href":53400},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[18,53402,53403],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[29,53406,53408],{"id":53407},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[14,53410,53411],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[402,53413,8738,53415],{"id":53414},"using-append",[18,53416,52708],{},[34,53418,53419],{"className":36,"code":53309,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,53420,53421,53437,53455,53459],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53422,53423,53425,53427,53429,53431,53433,53435],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53424,3937],{"class":207},[43,53426,212],{"class":211},[43,53428,3942],{"class":53},[43,53430,797],{"class":63},[43,53432,800],{"class":53},[43,53434,803],{"class":63},[43,53436,3955],{"class":53},[43,53438,53439,53441,53443,53445,53447,53449,53451,53453],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,53440,3969],{"class":207},[43,53442,315],{"class":53},[43,53444,13874],{"class":236},[43,53446,794],{"class":53},[43,53448,2409],{"class":63},[43,53450,800],{"class":53},[43,53452,2789],{"class":63},[43,53454,4209],{"class":53},[43,53456,53457],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,53458,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,53460,53461,53463,53465,53467],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,53462,50],{"class":49},[43,53464,54],{"class":53},[43,53466,3969],{"class":236},[43,53468,227],{"class":53},[14,53470,110],{},[34,53472,53473],{"className":36,"code":53364,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,53474,53475],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53476,53477,53479,53481,53483,53485,53487,53489,53491,53493,53495],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53478,4221],{"class":53},[43,53480,797],{"class":63},[43,53482,800],{"class":53},[43,53484,803],{"class":63},[43,53486,800],{"class":53},[43,53488,3942],{"class":53},[43,53490,2409],{"class":63},[43,53492,800],{"class":53},[43,53494,2789],{"class":63},[43,53496,53298],{"class":53},[402,53498,8738,53500],{"id":53499},"using-extend",[18,53501,53502],{},"extend()",[34,53504,53506],{"className":36,"code":53505,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,53507,53508,53524,53543,53547],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53509,53510,53512,53514,53516,53518,53520,53522],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53511,3937],{"class":207},[43,53513,212],{"class":211},[43,53515,3942],{"class":53},[43,53517,797],{"class":63},[43,53519,800],{"class":53},[43,53521,803],{"class":63},[43,53523,3955],{"class":53},[43,53525,53526,53528,53530,53533,53535,53537,53539,53541],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,53527,3969],{"class":207},[43,53529,315],{"class":53},[43,53531,53532],{"class":236},"extend",[43,53534,794],{"class":53},[43,53536,2409],{"class":63},[43,53538,800],{"class":53},[43,53540,2789],{"class":63},[43,53542,4209],{"class":53},[43,53544,53545],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,53546,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,53548,53549,53551,53553,53555],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,53550,50],{"class":49},[43,53552,54],{"class":53},[43,53554,3969],{"class":236},[43,53556,227],{"class":53},[14,53558,110],{},[34,53560,53562],{"className":36,"code":53561,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,53563,53564],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53565,53566,53568,53570,53572,53574,53576,53578,53580,53582],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53567,4221],{"class":53},[43,53569,797],{"class":63},[43,53571,800],{"class":53},[43,53573,803],{"class":63},[43,53575,800],{"class":53},[43,53577,808],{"class":63},[43,53579,800],{"class":53},[43,53581,2789],{"class":63},[43,53583,3955],{"class":53},[14,53585,53586],{},"The difference:",[150,53588,53589,53595,53601,53606],{},[153,53590,53591,53594],{},[18,53592,53593],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[153,53596,53597,53600],{},[18,53598,53599],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[153,53602,133,53603,53605],{},[18,53604,52708],{}," for one item",[153,53607,133,53608,53610],{},[18,53609,53502],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[14,53612,53613,53614,315],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[189,53615,53616],{"href":53400},"Python list extend() method",[29,53618,4842],{"id":4841},[402,53620,53622],{"id":53621},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[14,53624,26014],{},[34,53626,53628],{"className":36,"code":53627,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,53629,53630,53650,53668,53672],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53631,53632,53634,53636,53638,53640,53642,53644,53646,53648],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53633,8104],{"class":207},[43,53635,212],{"class":211},[43,53637,3942],{"class":53},[43,53639,797],{"class":63},[43,53641,800],{"class":53},[43,53643,803],{"class":63},[43,53645,800],{"class":53},[43,53647,808],{"class":63},[43,53649,3955],{"class":53},[43,53651,53652,53654,53656,53658,53660,53662,53664,53666],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,53653,8104],{"class":207},[43,53655,212],{"class":211},[43,53657,6292],{"class":207},[43,53659,315],{"class":53},[43,53661,13874],{"class":236},[43,53663,54],{"class":53},[43,53665,2835],{"class":63},[43,53667,227],{"class":53},[43,53669,53670],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,53671,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,53673,53674,53676,53678,53680],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,53675,50],{"class":49},[43,53677,54],{"class":53},[43,53679,8135],{"class":236},[43,53681,227],{"class":53},[14,53683,110],{},[34,53685,53686],{"className":36,"code":12126,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,53687,53688],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53689,53690],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53691,12126],{"class":104},[14,53693,12218],{},[150,53695,53696,53701,53707],{},[153,53697,53698,53700],{},[18,53699,52708],{}," changes the list in place",[153,53702,53703,2733,53705],{},[18,53704,52708],{},[18,53706,4099],{},[153,53708,53709,53710,53713,53714],{},"So ",[18,53711,53712],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[18,53715,4099],{},[14,53717,11122],{},[34,53719,53721],{"className":36,"code":53720,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,53722,53723,53743,53757,53761],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53724,53725,53727,53729,53731,53733,53735,53737,53739,53741],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53726,8104],{"class":207},[43,53728,212],{"class":211},[43,53730,3942],{"class":53},[43,53732,797],{"class":63},[43,53734,800],{"class":53},[43,53736,803],{"class":63},[43,53738,800],{"class":53},[43,53740,808],{"class":63},[43,53742,3955],{"class":53},[43,53744,53745,53747,53749,53751,53753,53755],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,53746,8135],{"class":207},[43,53748,315],{"class":53},[43,53750,13874],{"class":236},[43,53752,54],{"class":53},[43,53754,2835],{"class":63},[43,53756,227],{"class":53},[43,53758,53759],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,53760,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,53762,53763,53765,53767,53769],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,53764,50],{"class":49},[43,53766,54],{"class":53},[43,53768,8135],{"class":236},[43,53770,227],{"class":53},[14,53772,110],{},[34,53774,53775],{"className":36,"code":53561,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,53776,53777],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53778,53779,53781,53783,53785,53787,53789,53791,53793,53795],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53780,4221],{"class":53},[43,53782,797],{"class":63},[43,53784,800],{"class":53},[43,53786,803],{"class":63},[43,53788,800],{"class":53},[43,53790,808],{"class":63},[43,53792,800],{"class":53},[43,53794,2789],{"class":63},[43,53796,3955],{"class":53},[402,53798,53800],{"id":53799},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[14,53802,19236],{},[34,53804,53806],{"className":36,"code":53805,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[18,53807,53808,53832],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53809,53810,53812,53814,53816,53818,53820,53822,53824,53826,53828,53830],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53811,32204],{"class":207},[43,53813,212],{"class":211},[43,53815,3942],{"class":53},[43,53817,797],{"class":63},[43,53819,800],{"class":53},[43,53821,803],{"class":63},[43,53823,13871],{"class":53},[43,53825,13874],{"class":236},[43,53827,54],{"class":53},[43,53829,2409],{"class":63},[43,53831,227],{"class":53},[43,53833,53834,53836,53838,53840],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,53835,50],{"class":49},[43,53837,54],{"class":53},[43,53839,32223],{"class":236},[43,53841,227],{"class":53},[14,53843,110],{},[34,53845,53846],{"className":36,"code":12126,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,53847,53848],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53849,53850],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53851,12126],{"class":104},[14,53853,53854,53855,53857],{},"Remember: ",[18,53856,52708],{}," updates the list you already have.",[402,53859,53861],{"id":53860},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[34,53863,53864],{"className":36,"code":53309,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,53865,53866,53882,53900,53904],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53867,53868,53870,53872,53874,53876,53878,53880],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53869,3937],{"class":207},[43,53871,212],{"class":211},[43,53873,3942],{"class":53},[43,53875,797],{"class":63},[43,53877,800],{"class":53},[43,53879,803],{"class":63},[43,53881,3955],{"class":53},[43,53883,53884,53886,53888,53890,53892,53894,53896,53898],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,53885,3969],{"class":207},[43,53887,315],{"class":53},[43,53889,13874],{"class":236},[43,53891,794],{"class":53},[43,53893,2409],{"class":63},[43,53895,800],{"class":53},[43,53897,2789],{"class":63},[43,53899,4209],{"class":53},[43,53901,53902],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,53903,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,53905,53906,53908,53910,53912],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,53907,50],{"class":49},[43,53909,54],{"class":53},[43,53911,3969],{"class":236},[43,53913,227],{"class":53},[14,53915,110],{},[34,53917,53918],{"className":36,"code":53364,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,53919,53920],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53921,53922,53924,53926,53928,53930,53932,53934,53936,53938,53940],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53923,4221],{"class":53},[43,53925,797],{"class":63},[43,53927,800],{"class":53},[43,53929,803],{"class":63},[43,53931,800],{"class":53},[43,53933,3942],{"class":53},[43,53935,2409],{"class":63},[43,53937,800],{"class":53},[43,53939,2789],{"class":63},[43,53941,53298],{"class":53},[14,53943,3492,53944,53947,53948,6956],{},[18,53945,53946],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[18,53949,53502],{},[402,53951,53953],{"id":53952},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[14,53955,53956,53958],{},[18,53957,52708],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[14,53960,53961,53962,315],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[189,53963,53965],{"href":53964},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[18,53966,53967],{},"list.insert()",[14,53969,197],{},[34,53971,53973],{"className":36,"code":53972,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,53974,53975,53999,54022,54026],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,53976,53977,53979,53981,53983,53985,53987,53989,53991,53993,53995,53997],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,53978,36414],{"class":207},[43,53980,212],{"class":211},[43,53982,3942],{"class":53},[43,53984,82],{"class":81},[43,53986,189],{"class":85},[43,53988,82],{"class":81},[43,53990,800],{"class":53},[43,53992,932],{"class":81},[43,53994,10055],{"class":85},[43,53996,82],{"class":81},[43,53998,3955],{"class":53},[43,54000,54001,54003,54005,54008,54010,54012,54014,54016,54018,54020],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,54002,36467],{"class":207},[43,54004,315],{"class":53},[43,54006,54007],{"class":236},"insert",[43,54009,54],{"class":53},[43,54011,797],{"class":63},[43,54013,800],{"class":53},[43,54015,932],{"class":81},[43,54017,1231],{"class":85},[43,54019,82],{"class":81},[43,54021,227],{"class":53},[43,54023,54024],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,54025,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,54027,54028,54030,54032,54034],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,54029,50],{"class":49},[43,54031,54],{"class":53},[43,54033,36467],{"class":236},[43,54035,227],{"class":53},[14,54037,110],{},[34,54039,54040],{"className":36,"code":42927,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,54041,54042],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54043,54044,54046,54048,54050,54052,54054,54056,54058,54060,54062,54064,54066,54068],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54045,4221],{"class":53},[43,54047,283],{"class":81},[43,54049,189],{"class":85},[43,54051,283],{"class":81},[43,54053,800],{"class":53},[43,54055,278],{"class":81},[43,54057,1231],{"class":85},[43,54059,283],{"class":81},[43,54061,800],{"class":53},[43,54063,278],{"class":81},[43,54065,10055],{"class":85},[43,54067,283],{"class":81},[43,54069,3955],{"class":53},[29,54071,54073],{"id":54072},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[14,54075,54076,54078],{},[18,54077,52708],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[14,54080,36750],{},[150,54082,54083,54086,54089,54092],{},[153,54084,54085],{},"building a list in a loop",[153,54087,54088],{},"collecting user input",[153,54090,54091],{},"storing results step by step",[153,54093,54094],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[14,54096,54097],{},"Example with a loop:",[34,54099,54101],{"className":36,"code":54100,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[18,54102,54103,54112,54116,54137,54156,54160],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54104,54105,54108,54110],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54106,54107],{"class":207},"squares ",[43,54109,212],{"class":211},[43,54111,8164],{"class":53},[43,54113,54114],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,54115,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,54117,54118,54120,54122,54124,54127,54129,54131,54133,54135],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,54119,6284],{"class":1927},[43,54121,6713],{"class":207},[43,54123,4203],{"class":1927},[43,54125,54126],{"class":49}," range",[43,54128,54],{"class":53},[43,54130,797],{"class":63},[43,54132,800],{"class":53},[43,54134,4929],{"class":63},[43,54136,8662],{"class":53},[43,54138,54139,54142,54144,54146,54148,54150,54152,54154],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,54140,54141],{"class":207},"    squares",[43,54143,315],{"class":53},[43,54145,13874],{"class":236},[43,54147,54],{"class":53},[43,54149,208],{"class":236},[43,54151,1137],{"class":211},[43,54153,1965],{"class":236},[43,54155,227],{"class":53},[43,54157,54158],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,54159,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,54161,54162,54164,54166,54169],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,54163,50],{"class":49},[43,54165,54],{"class":53},[43,54167,54168],{"class":236},"squares",[43,54170,227],{"class":53},[14,54172,110],{},[34,54174,54176],{"className":36,"code":54175,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[18,54177,54178],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54179,54180,54182,54184,54186,54188,54190,54193,54195,54197],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54181,4221],{"class":53},[43,54183,797],{"class":63},[43,54185,800],{"class":53},[43,54187,2789],{"class":63},[43,54189,800],{"class":53},[43,54191,54192],{"class":63}," 9",[43,54194,800],{"class":53},[43,54196,14309],{"class":63},[43,54198,3955],{"class":53},[29,54200,2162],{"id":2161},[402,54202,54204],{"id":54203},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[14,54206,46418,54207,54209,54210,315],{},[18,54208,52708],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[18,54211,4099],{},[402,54213,54215],{"id":54214},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[14,54217,54218,54219,315],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[189,54220,54221],{"href":53400},[18,54222,53502],{},[402,54224,54226],{"id":54225},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[14,54228,54229],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[14,54231,197],{},[34,54233,54235],{"className":36,"code":54234,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,54236,54237,54253,54271,54275],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54238,54239,54241,54243,54245,54247,54249,54251],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54240,9481],{"class":207},[43,54242,212],{"class":211},[43,54244,3942],{"class":53},[43,54246,797],{"class":63},[43,54248,800],{"class":53},[43,54250,803],{"class":63},[43,54252,3955],{"class":53},[43,54254,54255,54257,54259,54261,54263,54265,54267,54269],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,54256,9520],{"class":207},[43,54258,315],{"class":53},[43,54260,13874],{"class":236},[43,54262,794],{"class":53},[43,54264,2409],{"class":63},[43,54266,800],{"class":53},[43,54268,2789],{"class":63},[43,54270,4209],{"class":53},[43,54272,54273],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,54274,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,54276,54277,54279,54281,54283],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,54278,50],{"class":49},[43,54280,54],{"class":53},[43,54282,9520],{"class":236},[43,54284,227],{"class":53},[14,54286,110],{},[34,54288,54289],{"className":36,"code":53364,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,54290,54291],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54292,54293,54295,54297,54299,54301,54303,54305,54307,54309,54311],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54294,4221],{"class":53},[43,54296,797],{"class":63},[43,54298,800],{"class":53},[43,54300,803],{"class":63},[43,54302,800],{"class":53},[43,54304,3942],{"class":53},[43,54306,2409],{"class":63},[43,54308,800],{"class":53},[43,54310,2789],{"class":63},[43,54312,53298],{"class":53},[402,54314,54316],{"id":54315},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[14,54318,54319,54321,54322,54325],{},[18,54320,52708],{}," adds at the end. ",[18,54323,54324],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[29,54327,2229],{"id":2228},[150,54329,54330,54335,54339,54344,54348],{},[153,54331,54332],{},[189,54333,54334],{"href":53104},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[153,54336,54337],{},[189,54338,53616],{"href":53400},[153,54340,54341],{},[189,54342,54343],{"href":53964},"Python list insert() method",[153,54345,54346],{},[189,54347,52827],{"href":51034},[153,54349,54350],{},[189,54351,54353],{"href":54352},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2262,54355,54356],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":54358},[54359,54360,54361,54362,54363,54364,54370,54376,54377,54383],{"id":3926,"depth":70,"text":3927},{"id":52787,"depth":70,"text":52788},{"id":5755,"depth":70,"text":5756},{"id":11791,"depth":70,"text":11792},{"id":53108,"depth":70,"text":53109},{"id":53407,"depth":70,"text":53408,"children":54365},[54366,54368],{"id":53414,"depth":93,"text":54367},"Using append()",{"id":53499,"depth":93,"text":54369},"Using extend()",{"id":4841,"depth":70,"text":4842,"children":54371},[54372,54373,54374,54375],{"id":53621,"depth":93,"text":53622},{"id":53799,"depth":93,"text":53800},{"id":53860,"depth":93,"text":53861},{"id":53952,"depth":93,"text":53953},{"id":54072,"depth":70,"text":54073},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":54378},[54379,54380,54381,54382],{"id":54203,"depth":93,"text":54204},{"id":54214,"depth":93,"text":54215},{"id":54225,"depth":93,"text":54226},{"id":54315,"depth":93,"text":54316},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52698,"description":54384},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54391,"title":54392,"body":54393,"description":55637,"extension":2312,"meta":55638,"navigation":958,"path":55639,"seo":55640,"stem":55641,"__hash__":55642},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54394,"toc":55602},[54395,54401,54407,54413,54415,54463,54468,54473,54477,54493,54499,54501,54504,54519,54521,54532,54534,54536,54593,54595,54603,54605,54621,54627,54629,54635,54639,54723,54726,54775,54782,54790,54793,54807,54820,54826,54901,54908,54915,54989,54997,55000,55011,55020,55024,55028,55039,55041,55118,55139,55141,55151,55154,55202,55204,55225,55228,55230,55281,55287,55294,55361,55367,55373,55376,55403,55408,55414,55417,55489,55492,55503,55509,55511,55517,55520,55526,55532,55539,55547,55553,55559,55561,55599],[10,54396,54398,54399,11638],{"id":54397},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[18,54400,11637],{},[14,54402,54403,54406],{},[18,54404,54405],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[14,54408,54409,54410,54412],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[913,54411,11650],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[29,54414,3927],{"id":3926},[34,54416,54418],{"className":36,"code":54417,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[18,54419,54420,54440,54450],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54421,54422,54424,54426,54428,54430,54432,54434,54436,54438],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54423,8104],{"class":207},[43,54425,212],{"class":211},[43,54427,3942],{"class":53},[43,54429,797],{"class":63},[43,54431,800],{"class":53},[43,54433,803],{"class":63},[43,54435,800],{"class":53},[43,54437,808],{"class":63},[43,54439,3955],{"class":53},[43,54441,54442,54444,54446,54448],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,54443,8135],{"class":207},[43,54445,315],{"class":53},[43,54447,11699],{"class":236},[43,54449,1728],{"class":53},[43,54451,54452,54454,54456,54458,54460],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,54453,50],{"class":49},[43,54455,54],{"class":53},[43,54457,8135],{"class":236},[43,54459,1221],{"class":53},[43,54461,54462],{"class":3984},"  # []\n",[14,54464,133,54465,54467],{},[18,54466,11637],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[29,54469,3998,54471,4001],{"id":54470},"what-listclear-does",[18,54472,54405],{},[14,54474,54475,325],{},[18,54476,54405],{},[150,54478,54479,54482,54485,54490],{},[153,54480,54481],{},"Removes every item from a list",[153,54483,54484],{},"Changes the original list in place",[153,54486,54487,54488],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[18,54489,4108],{},[153,54491,54492],{},"Takes no arguments",[14,54494,54495,54496,54498],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[18,54497,11637],{},", but it contains no values.",[29,54500,290],{"id":289},[14,54502,54503],{},"Syntax:",[34,54505,54507],{"className":36,"code":54506,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list.clear()\n",[18,54508,54509],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54510,54511,54513,54515,54517],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54512,8659],{"class":207},[43,54514,315],{"class":53},[43,54516,11699],{"class":236},[43,54518,1728],{"class":53},[14,54520,11775],{},[150,54522,54523,54526,54529],{},[153,54524,54525],{},"Call it on a list object",[153,54527,54528],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[153,54530,54531],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[29,54533,11792],{"id":11791},[14,54535,11795],{},[34,54537,54539],{"className":36,"code":54538,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,54540,54541,54565,54569,54579,54583],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54542,54543,54545,54547,54549,54551,54553,54555,54557,54559,54561,54563],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54544,3937],{"class":207},[43,54546,212],{"class":211},[43,54548,3942],{"class":53},[43,54550,512],{"class":63},[43,54552,800],{"class":53},[43,54554,8115],{"class":63},[43,54556,800],{"class":53},[43,54558,8120],{"class":63},[43,54560,800],{"class":53},[43,54562,50898],{"class":63},[43,54564,3955],{"class":53},[43,54566,54567],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,54568,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,54570,54571,54573,54575,54577],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,54572,3969],{"class":207},[43,54574,315],{"class":53},[43,54576,11699],{"class":236},[43,54578,1728],{"class":53},[43,54580,54581],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,54582,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,54584,54585,54587,54589,54591],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,54586,50],{"class":49},[43,54588,54],{"class":53},[43,54590,3969],{"class":236},[43,54592,227],{"class":53},[14,54594,110],{},[34,54596,54597],{"className":36,"code":38623,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,54598,54599],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54600,54601],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54602,38623],{"class":53},[14,54604,12001],{},[150,54606,54607,54612,54618],{},[153,54608,54609,54611],{},[18,54610,3969],{}," starts with four items",[153,54613,54614,54617],{},[18,54615,54616],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[153,54619,54620],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[14,54622,54623,54624,315],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[189,54625,52827],{"href":54626},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[29,54628,903],{"id":902},[14,54630,54631,2733,54633,315],{},[18,54632,11637],{},[18,54634,4099],{},[14,54636,911,54637,52723],{},[913,54638,734],{},[34,54640,54642],{"className":36,"code":54641,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[18,54643,54644,54676,54680,54694,54698,54711],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54645,54646,54648,54650,54652,54654,54656,54658,54660,54662,54664,54666,54668,54670,54672,54674],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54647,8104],{"class":207},[43,54649,212],{"class":211},[43,54651,3942],{"class":53},[43,54653,82],{"class":81},[43,54655,189],{"class":85},[43,54657,82],{"class":81},[43,54659,800],{"class":53},[43,54661,932],{"class":81},[43,54663,1231],{"class":85},[43,54665,82],{"class":81},[43,54667,800],{"class":53},[43,54669,932],{"class":81},[43,54671,10055],{"class":85},[43,54673,82],{"class":81},[43,54675,3955],{"class":53},[43,54677,54678],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,54679,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,54681,54682,54684,54686,54688,54690,54692],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,54683,1282],{"class":207},[43,54685,212],{"class":211},[43,54687,6292],{"class":207},[43,54689,315],{"class":53},[43,54691,11699],{"class":236},[43,54693,1728],{"class":53},[43,54695,54696],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,54697,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,54699,54700,54702,54704,54706,54708],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,54701,50],{"class":49},[43,54703,54],{"class":53},[43,54705,8135],{"class":236},[43,54707,1221],{"class":53},[43,54709,54710],{"class":3984},"   # []\n",[43,54712,54713,54715,54717,54719,54721],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,54714,50],{"class":49},[43,54716,54],{"class":53},[43,54718,1306],{"class":236},[43,54720,1221],{"class":53},[43,54722,21199],{"class":3984},[14,54724,54725],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[34,54727,54729],{"className":36,"code":54728,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[18,54730,54731,54751,54765],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54732,54733,54735,54737,54739,54741,54743,54745,54747,54749],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54734,8104],{"class":207},[43,54736,212],{"class":211},[43,54738,3942],{"class":53},[43,54740,797],{"class":63},[43,54742,800],{"class":53},[43,54744,803],{"class":63},[43,54746,800],{"class":53},[43,54748,808],{"class":63},[43,54750,3955],{"class":53},[43,54752,54753,54755,54757,54759,54761,54763],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,54754,8104],{"class":207},[43,54756,212],{"class":211},[43,54758,6292],{"class":207},[43,54760,315],{"class":53},[43,54762,11699],{"class":236},[43,54764,1728],{"class":53},[43,54766,54767,54769,54771,54773],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,54768,50],{"class":49},[43,54770,54],{"class":53},[43,54772,8135],{"class":236},[43,54774,227],{"class":53},[14,54776,12234,54777,2218,54779,54781],{},[18,54778,8135],{},[18,54780,4099],{},", not an empty list.",[29,54783,54785,54787,54788],{"id":54784},"clear-vs-assigning",[18,54786,11637],{}," vs assigning ",[18,54789,4108],{},[14,54791,54792],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[34,54794,54795],{"className":36,"code":54506,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,54796,54797],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54798,54799,54801,54803,54805],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54800,8659],{"class":207},[43,54802,315],{"class":53},[43,54804,11699],{"class":236},[43,54806,1728],{"class":53},[34,54808,54810],{"className":36,"code":54809,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list = []\n",[18,54811,54812],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54813,54814,54816,54818],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54815,8628],{"class":207},[43,54817,212],{"class":211},[43,54819,8164],{"class":53},[402,54821,54823,54825],{"id":54822},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[18,54824,11637],{}," empties the same list object",[34,54827,54829],{"className":36,"code":54828,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[18,54830,54831,54851,54859,54863,54873,54877,54889],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54832,54833,54835,54837,54839,54841,54843,54845,54847,54849],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54834,1178],{"class":207},[43,54836,212],{"class":211},[43,54838,3942],{"class":53},[43,54840,797],{"class":63},[43,54842,800],{"class":53},[43,54844,803],{"class":63},[43,54846,800],{"class":53},[43,54848,808],{"class":63},[43,54850,3955],{"class":53},[43,54852,54853,54855,54857],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,54854,1192],{"class":207},[43,54856,212],{"class":211},[43,54858,36499],{"class":207},[43,54860,54861],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,54862,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,54864,54865,54867,54869,54871],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,54866,189],{"class":207},[43,54868,315],{"class":53},[43,54870,11699],{"class":236},[43,54872,1728],{"class":53},[43,54874,54875],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,54876,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,54878,54879,54881,54883,54885,54887],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,54880,50],{"class":49},[43,54882,54],{"class":53},[43,54884,189],{"class":236},[43,54886,1221],{"class":53},[43,54888,54462],{"class":3984},[43,54890,54891,54893,54895,54897,54899],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,54892,50],{"class":49},[43,54894,54],{"class":53},[43,54896,1231],{"class":236},[43,54898,1221],{"class":53},[43,54900,54462],{"class":3984},[14,54902,2004,54903,895,54905,54907],{},[18,54904,189],{},[18,54906,1231],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[402,54909,54911,54914],{"id":54910},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[18,54912,54913],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[34,54916,54918],{"className":36,"code":54917,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,54919,54920,54940,54948,54952,54960,54964,54976],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,54921,54922,54924,54926,54928,54930,54932,54934,54936,54938],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,54923,1178],{"class":207},[43,54925,212],{"class":211},[43,54927,3942],{"class":53},[43,54929,797],{"class":63},[43,54931,800],{"class":53},[43,54933,803],{"class":63},[43,54935,800],{"class":53},[43,54937,808],{"class":63},[43,54939,3955],{"class":53},[43,54941,54942,54944,54946],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,54943,1192],{"class":207},[43,54945,212],{"class":211},[43,54947,36499],{"class":207},[43,54949,54950],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,54951,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,54953,54954,54956,54958],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,54955,1178],{"class":207},[43,54957,212],{"class":211},[43,54959,8164],{"class":53},[43,54961,54962],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,54963,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,54965,54966,54968,54970,54972,54974],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,54967,50],{"class":49},[43,54969,54],{"class":53},[43,54971,189],{"class":236},[43,54973,1221],{"class":53},[43,54975,54462],{"class":3984},[43,54977,54978,54980,54982,54984,54986],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,54979,50],{"class":49},[43,54981,54],{"class":53},[43,54983,1231],{"class":236},[43,54985,1221],{"class":53},[43,54987,54988],{"class":3984},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[14,54990,21094,54991,54993,54994,54996],{},[18,54992,189],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[18,54995,1231],{}," still points to the original list.",[14,54998,54999],{},"This difference matters when:",[150,55001,55002,55005,55008],{},[153,55003,55004],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[153,55006,55007],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[153,55009,55010],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[14,55012,55013,55014,315],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[189,55015,55017,55018,11055],{"href":55016},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[18,55019,13096],{},[29,55021,5284,55022],{"id":12756},[18,55023,11637],{},[14,55025,133,55026,6644],{},[18,55027,11637],{},[150,55029,55030,55033,55036],{},[153,55031,55032],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[153,55034,55035],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[153,55037,55038],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[14,55040,197],{},[34,55042,55044],{"className":36,"code":55043,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[18,55045,55046,55082,55086,55091,55102,55106],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,55047,55048,55051,55053,55055,55057,55060,55062,55064,55066,55069,55071,55073,55075,55078,55080],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,55049,55050],{"class":207},"shopping_cart ",[43,55052,212],{"class":211},[43,55054,3942],{"class":53},[43,55056,82],{"class":81},[43,55058,55059],{"class":85},"milk",[43,55061,82],{"class":81},[43,55063,800],{"class":53},[43,55065,932],{"class":81},[43,55067,55068],{"class":85},"bread",[43,55070,82],{"class":81},[43,55072,800],{"class":53},[43,55074,932],{"class":81},[43,55076,55077],{"class":85},"eggs",[43,55079,82],{"class":81},[43,55081,3955],{"class":53},[43,55083,55084],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,55085,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,55087,55088],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,55089,55090],{"class":3984},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[43,55092,55093,55096,55098,55100],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,55094,55095],{"class":207},"shopping_cart",[43,55097,315],{"class":53},[43,55099,11699],{"class":236},[43,55101,1728],{"class":53},[43,55103,55104],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,55105,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,55107,55108,55110,55112,55114,55116],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,55109,50],{"class":49},[43,55111,54],{"class":53},[43,55113,55095],{"class":236},[43,55115,1221],{"class":53},[43,55117,54462],{"class":3984},[14,55119,55120,55121,55125,55126,55132,55133,315],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[189,55122,55124],{"href":55123},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[189,55127,55129,11055],{"href":55128},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[18,55130,55131],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[189,55134,55136,11055],{"href":55135},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[18,55137,55138],{},"list.pop()",[29,55140,4842],{"id":4841},[402,55142,55144,55145,11407,55148],{"id":55143},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[18,55146,55147],{},"my_list.clear",[18,55149,55150],{},"my_list.clear()",[14,55152,55153],{},"This does not call the method.",[34,55155,55157],{"className":36,"code":55156,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[18,55158,55159,55179,55183,55192],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,55160,55161,55163,55165,55167,55169,55171,55173,55175,55177],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,55162,8104],{"class":207},[43,55164,212],{"class":211},[43,55166,3942],{"class":53},[43,55168,797],{"class":63},[43,55170,800],{"class":53},[43,55172,803],{"class":63},[43,55174,800],{"class":53},[43,55176,808],{"class":63},[43,55178,3955],{"class":53},[43,55180,55181],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,55182,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,55184,55185,55187,55189],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,55186,8135],{"class":207},[43,55188,315],{"class":53},[43,55190,55191],{"class":25074},"clear\n",[43,55193,55194,55196,55198,55200],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,55195,50],{"class":49},[43,55197,54],{"class":53},[43,55199,8135],{"class":236},[43,55201,227],{"class":53},[14,55203,110],{},[34,55205,55207],{"className":36,"code":55206,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,55208,55209],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,55210,55211,55213,55215,55217,55219,55221,55223],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,55212,4221],{"class":53},[43,55214,797],{"class":63},[43,55216,800],{"class":53},[43,55218,803],{"class":63},[43,55220,800],{"class":53},[43,55222,808],{"class":63},[43,55224,3955],{"class":53},[14,55226,55227],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[14,55229,11122],{},[34,55231,55233],{"className":36,"code":55232,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[18,55234,55235,55255,55259,55269],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,55236,55237,55239,55241,55243,55245,55247,55249,55251,55253],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,55238,8104],{"class":207},[43,55240,212],{"class":211},[43,55242,3942],{"class":53},[43,55244,797],{"class":63},[43,55246,800],{"class":53},[43,55248,803],{"class":63},[43,55250,800],{"class":53},[43,55252,808],{"class":63},[43,55254,3955],{"class":53},[43,55256,55257],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,55258,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,55260,55261,55263,55265,55267],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,55262,8135],{"class":207},[43,55264,315],{"class":53},[43,55266,11699],{"class":236},[43,55268,1728],{"class":53},[43,55270,55271,55273,55275,55277,55279],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,55272,50],{"class":49},[43,55274,54],{"class":53},[43,55276,8135],{"class":236},[43,55278,1221],{"class":53},[43,55280,54462],{"class":3984},[402,55282,8773,55284,55286],{"id":55283},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[18,55285,11637],{}," to return the emptied list",[14,55288,55289,2733,55291,55293],{},[18,55290,11637],{},[18,55292,4099],{},", not the list.",[34,55295,55297],{"className":36,"code":55296,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[18,55298,55299,55319,55333,55337,55349],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,55300,55301,55303,55305,55307,55309,55311,55313,55315,55317],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,55302,8104],{"class":207},[43,55304,212],{"class":211},[43,55306,3942],{"class":53},[43,55308,797],{"class":63},[43,55310,800],{"class":53},[43,55312,803],{"class":63},[43,55314,800],{"class":53},[43,55316,808],{"class":63},[43,55318,3955],{"class":53},[43,55320,55321,55323,55325,55327,55329,55331],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,55322,1282],{"class":207},[43,55324,212],{"class":211},[43,55326,6292],{"class":207},[43,55328,315],{"class":53},[43,55330,11699],{"class":236},[43,55332,1728],{"class":53},[43,55334,55335],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,55336,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,55338,55339,55341,55343,55345,55347],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,55340,50],{"class":49},[43,55342,54],{"class":53},[43,55344,1306],{"class":236},[43,55346,1221],{"class":53},[43,55348,21199],{"class":3984},[43,55350,55351,55353,55355,55357,55359],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,55352,50],{"class":49},[43,55354,54],{"class":53},[43,55356,8135],{"class":236},[43,55358,1221],{"class":53},[43,55360,54710],{"class":3984},[402,55362,8738,55364,55366],{"id":55363},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[18,55365,11637],{}," on a value that is not a list",[14,55368,55369,55370,55372],{},"Some types have a ",[18,55371,11637],{}," method, but not all of them.",[14,55374,55375],{},"This will fail:",[34,55377,55379],{"className":36,"code":55378,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[18,55380,55381,55393],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,55382,55383,55385,55387,55389,55391],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,55384,927],{"class":207},[43,55386,212],{"class":211},[43,55388,932],{"class":81},[43,55390,710],{"class":85},[43,55392,938],{"class":81},[43,55394,55395,55397,55399,55401],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,55396,951],{"class":207},[43,55398,315],{"class":53},[43,55400,11699],{"class":236},[43,55402,1728],{"class":53},[14,55404,55405,55406,33923],{},"A string does not have a ",[18,55407,11637],{},[14,55409,55410,55411,55413],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[18,55412,4099],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[14,55415,55416],{},"Useful checks:",[34,55418,55420],{"className":36,"code":55419,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[18,55421,55422,55432,55446,55460,55469,55479],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,55423,55424,55426,55428,55430],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,55425,50],{"class":49},[43,55427,54],{"class":53},[43,55429,8659],{"class":236},[43,55431,227],{"class":53},[43,55433,55434,55436,55438,55440,55442,55444],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,55435,50],{"class":49},[43,55437,54],{"class":53},[43,55439,248],{"class":57},[43,55441,54],{"class":53},[43,55443,8659],{"class":236},[43,55445,67],{"class":53},[43,55447,55448,55450,55452,55454,55456,55458],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,55449,50],{"class":49},[43,55451,54],{"class":53},[43,55453,12968],{"class":49},[43,55455,54],{"class":53},[43,55457,8659],{"class":236},[43,55459,67],{"class":53},[43,55461,55462,55464,55466],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,55463,43601],{"class":207},[43,55465,212],{"class":211},[43,55467,55468],{"class":207}," my_list\n",[43,55470,55471,55473,55475,55477],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,55472,8659],{"class":207},[43,55474,315],{"class":53},[43,55476,11699],{"class":236},[43,55478,1728],{"class":53},[43,55480,55481,55483,55485,55487],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,55482,50],{"class":49},[43,55484,54],{"class":53},[43,55486,31064],{"class":236},[43,55488,227],{"class":53},[14,55490,55491],{},"These can help you see:",[150,55493,55494,55497,55500],{},[153,55495,55496],{},"What the variable currently contains",[153,55498,55499],{},"Whether it is really a list",[153,55501,55502],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[14,55504,55505,55506,315],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[189,55507,55508],{"href":54352},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[29,55510,2162],{"id":2161},[402,55512,13023,55514,55516],{"id":55513},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[18,55515,54405],{}," delete the list?",[14,55518,55519],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[402,55521,13023,55523,55525],{"id":55522},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[18,55524,54405],{}," return a new list?",[14,55527,55528,55529,55531],{},"No. It returns ",[18,55530,4099],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[402,55533,5503,55535,895,55537,2822],{"id":55534},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[18,55536,11637],{},[18,55538,54913],{},[14,55540,55541,55543,55544,55546],{},[18,55542,11637],{}," empties the same list object. ",[18,55545,54913],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[402,55548,28653,55550,55552],{"id":55549},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[18,55551,11637],{}," on other types?",[14,55554,55555,55556,55558],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[18,55557,11637],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[29,55560,2229],{"id":2228},[150,55562,55563,55567,55572,55579,55586,55592],{},[153,55564,55565],{},[189,55566,52827],{"href":54626},[153,55568,55569],{},[189,55570,55571],{"href":55123},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[153,55573,55574],{},[189,55575,55576,55577,11055],{"href":55135},"Python list ",[18,55578,13082],{},[153,55580,55581],{},[189,55582,55576,55583,11055],{"href":55128},[18,55584,55585],{},"remove()",[153,55587,55588],{},[189,55589,55576,55590,11055],{"href":55016},[18,55591,13096],{},[153,55593,55594],{},[189,55595,30668,55596,33956],{"href":54352},[18,55597,55598],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2262,55600,55601],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":55603},[55604,55605,55607,55608,55609,55610,55617,55618,55626,55636],{"id":3926,"depth":70,"text":3927},{"id":54470,"depth":70,"text":55606},"What list.clear() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":11791,"depth":70,"text":11792},{"id":902,"depth":70,"text":903},{"id":54784,"depth":70,"text":55611,"children":55612},"clear() vs assigning []",[55613,55615],{"id":54822,"depth":93,"text":55614},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54910,"depth":93,"text":55616},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12756,"depth":70,"text":13128},{"id":4841,"depth":70,"text":4842,"children":55619},[55620,55622,55624],{"id":55143,"depth":93,"text":55621},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55283,"depth":93,"text":55623},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55363,"depth":93,"text":55625},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":55627},[55628,55630,55632,55634],{"id":55513,"depth":93,"text":55629},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55522,"depth":93,"text":55631},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55534,"depth":93,"text":55633},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55549,"depth":93,"text":55635},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54392,"description":55637},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55644,"title":55645,"body":55646,"description":57331,"extension":2312,"meta":57332,"navigation":958,"path":57333,"seo":57334,"stem":57335,"__hash__":57336},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55647,"toc":57299},[55648,55653,55659,55667,55669,55758,55765,55770,55774,55788,55790,55867,55869,55930,55933,55935,55937,55958,55961,55975,55978,56023,56025,56033,56036,56042,56048,56051,56128,56130,56175,56178,56183,56266,56268,56309,56314,56318,56324,56326,56334,56337,56430,56432,56490,56493,56509,56514,56524,56529,56531,56536,56541,56544,56546,56603,56606,56659,56665,56670,56674,56691,56693,56777,56779,56820,56828,56830,56835,56841,56843,56906,56911,56981,56985,57020,57023,57025,57064,57068,57144,57150,57156,57161,57183,57186,57205,57213,57215,57221,57224,57231,57239,57244,57247,57251,57257,57265,57268,57270,57296],[10,55649,54398,55651,11638],{"id":55650},"python-list-copy-method",[18,55652,13096],{},[14,55654,55655,55658],{},[18,55656,55657],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[14,55660,55661,55662,14375,55664,55666],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[18,55663,212],{},[913,55665,734],{}," make a real copy.",[29,55668,32],{"id":31},[34,55670,55672],{"className":36,"code":55671,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,55673,55674,55694,55709,55713,55728,55732,55745],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,55675,55676,55678,55680,55682,55684,55686,55688,55690,55692],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,55677,3937],{"class":207},[43,55679,212],{"class":211},[43,55681,3942],{"class":53},[43,55683,797],{"class":63},[43,55685,800],{"class":53},[43,55687,803],{"class":63},[43,55689,800],{"class":53},[43,55691,808],{"class":63},[43,55693,3955],{"class":53},[43,55695,55696,55699,55701,55703,55705,55707],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,55697,55698],{"class":207},"new_numbers ",[43,55700,212],{"class":211},[43,55702,4586],{"class":207},[43,55704,315],{"class":53},[43,55706,13231],{"class":236},[43,55708,1728],{"class":53},[43,55710,55711],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,55712,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,55714,55715,55718,55720,55722,55724,55726],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,55716,55717],{"class":207},"new_numbers",[43,55719,315],{"class":53},[43,55721,13874],{"class":236},[43,55723,54],{"class":53},[43,55725,2835],{"class":63},[43,55727,227],{"class":53},[43,55729,55730],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,55731,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,55733,55734,55736,55738,55740,55742],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,55735,50],{"class":49},[43,55737,54],{"class":53},[43,55739,3969],{"class":236},[43,55741,1221],{"class":53},[43,55743,55744],{"class":3984},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[43,55746,55747,55749,55751,55753,55755],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,55748,50],{"class":49},[43,55750,54],{"class":53},[43,55752,55717],{"class":236},[43,55754,1221],{"class":53},[43,55756,55757],{"class":3984},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,55759,133,55760,55762,55763,315],{},[18,55761,55657],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[913,55764,13170],{},[29,55766,3998,55768,4001],{"id":55767},"what-listcopy-does",[18,55769,55657],{},[14,55771,55772,325],{},[18,55773,55657],{},[150,55775,55776,55779,55782,55785],{},[153,55777,55778],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[153,55780,55781],{},"Returns that new list",[153,55783,55784],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[153,55786,55787],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[14,55789,197],{},[34,55791,55793],{"className":36,"code":55792,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[18,55794,55795,55827,55842,55846,55856],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,55796,55797,55799,55801,55803,55805,55807,55809,55811,55813,55815,55817,55819,55821,55823,55825],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,55798,36563],{"class":207},[43,55800,212],{"class":211},[43,55802,3942],{"class":53},[43,55804,82],{"class":81},[43,55806,4401],{"class":85},[43,55808,82],{"class":81},[43,55810,800],{"class":53},[43,55812,932],{"class":81},[43,55814,4410],{"class":85},[43,55816,82],{"class":81},[43,55818,800],{"class":53},[43,55820,932],{"class":81},[43,55822,33543],{"class":85},[43,55824,82],{"class":81},[43,55826,3955],{"class":53},[43,55828,55829,55832,55834,55836,55838,55840],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,55830,55831],{"class":207},"copied_fruits ",[43,55833,212],{"class":211},[43,55835,52907],{"class":207},[43,55837,315],{"class":53},[43,55839,13231],{"class":236},[43,55841,1728],{"class":53},[43,55843,55844],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,55845,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,55847,55848,55850,55852,55854],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,55849,50],{"class":49},[43,55851,54],{"class":53},[43,55853,36615],{"class":236},[43,55855,227],{"class":53},[43,55857,55858,55860,55862,55865],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,55859,50],{"class":49},[43,55861,54],{"class":53},[43,55863,55864],{"class":236},"copied_fruits",[43,55866,227],{"class":53},[14,55868,110],{},[34,55870,55872],{"className":36,"code":55871,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[18,55873,55874,55902],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,55875,55876,55878,55880,55882,55884,55886,55888,55890,55892,55894,55896,55898,55900],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,55877,4221],{"class":53},[43,55879,283],{"class":81},[43,55881,4401],{"class":85},[43,55883,283],{"class":81},[43,55885,800],{"class":53},[43,55887,278],{"class":81},[43,55889,4410],{"class":85},[43,55891,283],{"class":81},[43,55893,800],{"class":53},[43,55895,278],{"class":81},[43,55897,33543],{"class":85},[43,55899,283],{"class":81},[43,55901,3955],{"class":53},[43,55903,55904,55906,55908,55910,55912,55914,55916,55918,55920,55922,55924,55926,55928],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,55905,4221],{"class":53},[43,55907,283],{"class":81},[43,55909,4401],{"class":85},[43,55911,283],{"class":81},[43,55913,800],{"class":53},[43,55915,278],{"class":81},[43,55917,4410],{"class":85},[43,55919,283],{"class":81},[43,55921,800],{"class":53},[43,55923,278],{"class":81},[43,55925,33543],{"class":85},[43,55927,283],{"class":81},[43,55929,3955],{"class":53},[14,55931,55932],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[29,55934,290],{"id":289},[14,55936,2505],{},[34,55938,55940],{"className":36,"code":55939,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[18,55941,55942],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,55943,55944,55947,55949,55952,55954,55956],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,55945,55946],{"class":207},"new_list ",[43,55948,212],{"class":211},[43,55950,55951],{"class":207}," old_list",[43,55953,315],{"class":53},[43,55955,13231],{"class":236},[43,55957,1728],{"class":53},[14,55959,55960],{},"How it works:",[150,55962,55963,55969,55972],{},[153,55964,55965,55966,55968],{},"Call ",[18,55967,13096],{}," on an existing list",[153,55970,55971],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[153,55973,55974],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[14,55976,55977],{},"Example with an empty list:",[34,55979,55981],{"className":36,"code":55980,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[18,55982,55983,55992,56008,56012],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,55984,55985,55988,55990],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,55986,55987],{"class":207},"empty_list ",[43,55989,212],{"class":211},[43,55991,8164],{"class":53},[43,55993,55994,55997,55999,56002,56004,56006],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,55995,55996],{"class":207},"new_empty_list ",[43,55998,212],{"class":211},[43,56000,56001],{"class":207}," empty_list",[43,56003,315],{"class":53},[43,56005,13231],{"class":236},[43,56007,1728],{"class":53},[43,56009,56010],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,56011,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,56013,56014,56016,56018,56021],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,56015,50],{"class":49},[43,56017,54],{"class":53},[43,56019,56020],{"class":236},"new_empty_list",[43,56022,227],{"class":53},[14,56024,110],{},[34,56026,56027],{"className":36,"code":38623,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,56028,56029],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,56030,56031],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,56032,38623],{"class":53},[14,56034,56035],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[29,56037,56039,56040],{"id":56038},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[18,56041,212],{},[14,56043,8738,56044,14375,56046,52723],{},[18,56045,212],{},[913,56047,734],{},[14,56049,56050],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[34,56052,56054],{"className":36,"code":56053,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[18,56055,56056,56076,56085,56089,56104,56108,56118],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,56057,56058,56060,56062,56064,56066,56068,56070,56072,56074],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,56059,3937],{"class":207},[43,56061,212],{"class":211},[43,56063,3942],{"class":53},[43,56065,797],{"class":63},[43,56067,800],{"class":53},[43,56069,803],{"class":63},[43,56071,800],{"class":53},[43,56073,808],{"class":63},[43,56075,3955],{"class":53},[43,56077,56078,56081,56083],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,56079,56080],{"class":207},"same_list ",[43,56082,212],{"class":211},[43,56084,44034],{"class":207},[43,56086,56087],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,56088,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,56090,56091,56094,56096,56098,56100,56102],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,56092,56093],{"class":207},"same_list",[43,56095,315],{"class":53},[43,56097,13874],{"class":236},[43,56099,54],{"class":53},[43,56101,2835],{"class":63},[43,56103,227],{"class":53},[43,56105,56106],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,56107,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,56109,56110,56112,56114,56116],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,56111,50],{"class":49},[43,56113,54],{"class":53},[43,56115,3969],{"class":236},[43,56117,227],{"class":53},[43,56119,56120,56122,56124,56126],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,56121,50],{"class":49},[43,56123,54],{"class":53},[43,56125,56093],{"class":236},[43,56127,227],{"class":53},[14,56129,110],{},[34,56131,56133],{"className":36,"code":56132,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,56134,56135,56155],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,56136,56137,56139,56141,56143,56145,56147,56149,56151,56153],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,56138,4221],{"class":53},[43,56140,797],{"class":63},[43,56142,800],{"class":53},[43,56144,803],{"class":63},[43,56146,800],{"class":53},[43,56148,808],{"class":63},[43,56150,800],{"class":53},[43,56152,2789],{"class":63},[43,56154,3955],{"class":53},[43,56156,56157,56159,56161,56163,56165,56167,56169,56171,56173],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,56158,4221],{"class":53},[43,56160,797],{"class":63},[43,56162,800],{"class":53},[43,56164,803],{"class":63},[43,56166,800],{"class":53},[43,56168,808],{"class":63},[43,56170,800],{"class":53},[43,56172,2789],{"class":63},[43,56174,3955],{"class":53},[14,56176,56177],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[14,56179,56180,56181,325],{},"Now compare that with ",[18,56182,13096],{},[34,56184,56186],{"className":36,"code":56185,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[18,56187,56188,56208,56223,56227,56242,56246,56256],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,56189,56190,56192,56194,56196,56198,56200,56202,56204,56206],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,56191,3937],{"class":207},[43,56193,212],{"class":211},[43,56195,3942],{"class":53},[43,56197,797],{"class":63},[43,56199,800],{"class":53},[43,56201,803],{"class":63},[43,56203,800],{"class":53},[43,56205,808],{"class":63},[43,56207,3955],{"class":53},[43,56209,56210,56213,56215,56217,56219,56221],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,56211,56212],{"class":207},"copied_numbers ",[43,56214,212],{"class":211},[43,56216,4586],{"class":207},[43,56218,315],{"class":53},[43,56220,13231],{"class":236},[43,56222,1728],{"class":53},[43,56224,56225],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,56226,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,56228,56229,56232,56234,56236,56238,56240],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,56230,56231],{"class":207},"copied_numbers",[43,56233,315],{"class":53},[43,56235,13874],{"class":236},[43,56237,54],{"class":53},[43,56239,2835],{"class":63},[43,56241,227],{"class":53},[43,56243,56244],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,56245,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,56247,56248,56250,56252,56254],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,56249,50],{"class":49},[43,56251,54],{"class":53},[43,56253,3969],{"class":236},[43,56255,227],{"class":53},[43,56257,56258,56260,56262,56264],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,56259,50],{"class":49},[43,56261,54],{"class":53},[43,56263,56231],{"class":236},[43,56265,227],{"class":53},[14,56267,110],{},[34,56269,56271],{"className":36,"code":56270,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,56272,56273,56289],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,56274,56275,56277,56279,56281,56283,56285,56287],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,56276,4221],{"class":53},[43,56278,797],{"class":63},[43,56280,800],{"class":53},[43,56282,803],{"class":63},[43,56284,800],{"class":53},[43,56286,808],{"class":63},[43,56288,3955],{"class":53},[43,56290,56291,56293,56295,56297,56299,56301,56303,56305,56307],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,56292,4221],{"class":53},[43,56294,797],{"class":63},[43,56296,800],{"class":53},[43,56298,803],{"class":63},[43,56300,800],{"class":53},[43,56302,808],{"class":63},[43,56304,800],{"class":53},[43,56306,2789],{"class":63},[43,56308,3955],{"class":53},[14,56310,56311,56312,315],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[189,56313,52827],{"href":51034},[29,56315,56317],{"id":56316},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[14,56319,56320,13167,56322,315],{},[18,56321,55657],{},[913,56323,13170],{},[14,56325,2453],{},[150,56327,56328,56331],{},[153,56329,56330],{},"The outer list is new",[153,56332,56333],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[14,56335,56336],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[34,56338,56340],{"className":36,"code":56339,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[18,56341,56342,56369,56383,56387,56406,56410,56420],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,56343,56344,56346,56348,56351,56353,56355,56357,56359,56361,56363,56365,56367],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,56345,12404],{"class":207},[43,56347,212],{"class":211},[43,56349,56350],{"class":53}," [[",[43,56352,797],{"class":63},[43,56354,800],{"class":53},[43,56356,803],{"class":63},[43,56358,18384],{"class":53},[43,56360,3942],{"class":53},[43,56362,2409],{"class":63},[43,56364,800],{"class":53},[43,56366,2789],{"class":63},[43,56368,53298],{"class":53},[43,56370,56371,56373,56375,56377,56379,56381],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,56372,14633],{"class":207},[43,56374,212],{"class":211},[43,56376,12479],{"class":207},[43,56378,315],{"class":53},[43,56380,13231],{"class":236},[43,56382,1728],{"class":53},[43,56384,56385],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,56386,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,56388,56389,56391,56393,56395,56397,56399,56401,56404],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,56390,14652],{"class":207},[43,56392,4221],{"class":53},[43,56394,2466],{"class":63},[43,56396,13871],{"class":53},[43,56398,13874],{"class":236},[43,56400,54],{"class":53},[43,56402,56403],{"class":63},"99",[43,56405,227],{"class":53},[43,56407,56408],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,56409,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,56411,56412,56414,56416,56418],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,56413,50],{"class":49},[43,56415,54],{"class":53},[43,56417,12451],{"class":236},[43,56419,227],{"class":53},[43,56421,56422,56424,56426,56428],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,56423,50],{"class":49},[43,56425,54],{"class":53},[43,56427,14652],{"class":236},[43,56429,227],{"class":53},[14,56431,110],{},[34,56433,56435],{"className":36,"code":56434,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,56436,56437,56464],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,56438,56439,56442,56444,56446,56448,56450,56452,56454,56456,56458,56460,56462],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,56440,56441],{"class":53},"[[",[43,56443,797],{"class":63},[43,56445,800],{"class":53},[43,56447,803],{"class":63},[43,56449,800],{"class":53},[43,56451,10513],{"class":63},[43,56453,18384],{"class":53},[43,56455,3942],{"class":53},[43,56457,2409],{"class":63},[43,56459,800],{"class":53},[43,56461,2789],{"class":63},[43,56463,53298],{"class":53},[43,56465,56466,56468,56470,56472,56474,56476,56478,56480,56482,56484,56486,56488],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,56467,56441],{"class":53},[43,56469,797],{"class":63},[43,56471,800],{"class":53},[43,56473,803],{"class":63},[43,56475,800],{"class":53},[43,56477,10513],{"class":63},[43,56479,18384],{"class":53},[43,56481,3942],{"class":53},[43,56483,2409],{"class":63},[43,56485,800],{"class":53},[43,56487,2789],{"class":63},[43,56489,53298],{"class":53},[14,56491,56492],{},"Why did both change?",[150,56494,56495,56502],{},[153,56496,56497,895,56499,56501],{},[18,56498,12451],{},[18,56500,14652],{}," are different outer lists",[153,56503,56504,56505,56508],{},"But the inner list ",[18,56506,56507],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[14,56510,53709,56511,56513],{},[18,56512,13096],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[150,56515,56516,56519,56522],{},[153,56517,56518],{},"Numbers",[153,56520,56521],{},"Strings",[153,56523,578],{},[14,56525,56526,56527,315],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[189,56528,14112],{"href":14111},[29,56530,903],{"id":902},[14,56532,56533,56535],{},[18,56534,55657],{}," returns a new list.",[14,56537,911,56538,56540],{},[913,56539,734],{}," change the original list by itself.",[14,56542,56543],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[14,56545,16978],{},[34,56547,56549],{"className":36,"code":56548,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,56550,56551,56575,56589,56593],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,56552,56553,56555,56557,56559,56561,56563,56565,56567,56569,56571,56573],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,56554,13396],{"class":207},[43,56556,212],{"class":211},[43,56558,3942],{"class":53},[43,56560,82],{"class":81},[43,56562,13413],{"class":85},[43,56564,82],{"class":81},[43,56566,800],{"class":53},[43,56568,932],{"class":81},[43,56570,13430],{"class":85},[43,56572,82],{"class":81},[43,56574,3955],{"class":53},[43,56576,56577,56579,56581,56583,56585,56587],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,56578,13439],{"class":207},[43,56580,212],{"class":211},[43,56582,13444],{"class":207},[43,56584,315],{"class":53},[43,56586,13231],{"class":236},[43,56588,1728],{"class":53},[43,56590,56591],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,56592,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,56594,56595,56597,56599,56601],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,56596,50],{"class":49},[43,56598,54],{"class":53},[43,56600,13463],{"class":236},[43,56602,227],{"class":53},[14,56604,56605],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[34,56607,56609],{"className":36,"code":56608,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,56610,56611,56635,56645,56649],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,56612,56613,56615,56617,56619,56621,56623,56625,56627,56629,56631,56633],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,56614,13396],{"class":207},[43,56616,212],{"class":211},[43,56618,3942],{"class":53},[43,56620,82],{"class":81},[43,56622,13413],{"class":85},[43,56624,82],{"class":81},[43,56626,800],{"class":53},[43,56628,932],{"class":81},[43,56630,13430],{"class":85},[43,56632,82],{"class":81},[43,56634,3955],{"class":53},[43,56636,56637,56639,56641,56643],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,56638,17824],{"class":207},[43,56640,315],{"class":53},[43,56642,13231],{"class":236},[43,56644,1728],{"class":53},[43,56646,56647],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,56648,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,56650,56651,56653,56655,56657],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,56652,50],{"class":49},[43,56654,54],{"class":53},[43,56656,17824],{"class":236},[43,56658,227],{"class":53},[14,56660,56661,56662,56664],{},"In the second example, ",[18,56663,13096],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[29,56666,5284,56668],{"id":56667},"when-to-use-listcopy",[18,56669,55657],{},[14,56671,133,56672,10916],{},[18,56673,55657],{},[150,56675,56676,56679,56682,56685],{},[153,56677,56678],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[153,56680,56681],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[153,56683,56684],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[153,56686,56687,56688],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[18,56689,56690],{},"[:]",[14,56692,197],{},[34,56694,56696],{"className":36,"code":56695,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[18,56697,56698,56718,56733,56737,56752,56756,56766],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,56699,56700,56702,56704,56706,56708,56710,56712,56714,56716],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,56701,5387],{"class":207},[43,56703,212],{"class":211},[43,56705,3942],{"class":53},[43,56707,512],{"class":63},[43,56709,800],{"class":53},[43,56711,8115],{"class":63},[43,56713,800],{"class":53},[43,56715,8120],{"class":63},[43,56717,3955],{"class":53},[43,56719,56720,56723,56725,56727,56729,56731],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,56721,56722],{"class":207},"backup_scores ",[43,56724,212],{"class":211},[43,56726,5434],{"class":207},[43,56728,315],{"class":53},[43,56730,13231],{"class":236},[43,56732,1728],{"class":53},[43,56734,56735],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,56736,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,56738,56739,56741,56743,56745,56747,56750],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,56740,16711],{"class":207},[43,56742,315],{"class":53},[43,56744,13874],{"class":236},[43,56746,54],{"class":53},[43,56748,56749],{"class":63},"40",[43,56751,227],{"class":53},[43,56753,56754],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,56755,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,56757,56758,56760,56762,56764],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,56759,50],{"class":49},[43,56761,54],{"class":53},[43,56763,16711],{"class":236},[43,56765,227],{"class":53},[43,56767,56768,56770,56772,56775],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,56769,50],{"class":49},[43,56771,54],{"class":53},[43,56773,56774],{"class":236},"backup_scores",[43,56776,227],{"class":53},[14,56778,110],{},[34,56780,56782],{"className":36,"code":56781,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,56783,56784,56804],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,56785,56786,56788,56790,56792,56794,56796,56798,56800,56802],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,56787,4221],{"class":53},[43,56789,512],{"class":63},[43,56791,800],{"class":53},[43,56793,8115],{"class":63},[43,56795,800],{"class":53},[43,56797,8120],{"class":63},[43,56799,800],{"class":53},[43,56801,50898],{"class":63},[43,56803,3955],{"class":53},[43,56805,56806,56808,56810,56812,56814,56816,56818],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,56807,4221],{"class":53},[43,56809,512],{"class":63},[43,56811,800],{"class":53},[43,56813,8115],{"class":63},[43,56815,800],{"class":53},[43,56817,8120],{"class":63},[43,56819,3955],{"class":53},[14,56821,56822,56823,315],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[189,56824,55576,56826,11055],{"href":56825},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[18,56827,52708],{},[29,56829,4842],{"id":4841},[14,56831,56832,56833,315],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[18,56834,55657],{},[402,56836,8738,56838,56840],{"id":56837},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[18,56839,212],{}," and expecting a real copy",[14,56842,39525],{},[34,56844,56846],{"className":36,"code":56845,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,56847,56848,56868,56876,56890,56894],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,56849,56850,56852,56854,56856,56858,56860,56862,56864,56866],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,56851,1178],{"class":207},[43,56853,212],{"class":211},[43,56855,3942],{"class":53},[43,56857,797],{"class":63},[43,56859,800],{"class":53},[43,56861,803],{"class":63},[43,56863,800],{"class":53},[43,56865,808],{"class":63},[43,56867,3955],{"class":53},[43,56869,56870,56872,56874],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,56871,1192],{"class":207},[43,56873,212],{"class":211},[43,56875,36499],{"class":207},[43,56877,56878,56880,56882,56884,56886,56888],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,56879,1231],{"class":207},[43,56881,315],{"class":53},[43,56883,13874],{"class":236},[43,56885,54],{"class":53},[43,56887,2835],{"class":63},[43,56889,227],{"class":53},[43,56891,56892],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,56893,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,56895,56896,56898,56900,56902,56904],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,56897,50],{"class":49},[43,56899,54],{"class":53},[43,56901,189],{"class":236},[43,56903,1221],{"class":53},[43,56905,55757],{"class":3984},[14,56907,56908,56909,6956],{},"Fix: use ",[18,56910,13096],{},[34,56912,56914],{"className":36,"code":56913,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,56915,56916,56936,56951,56965,56969],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,56917,56918,56920,56922,56924,56926,56928,56930,56932,56934],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,56919,1178],{"class":207},[43,56921,212],{"class":211},[43,56923,3942],{"class":53},[43,56925,797],{"class":63},[43,56927,800],{"class":53},[43,56929,803],{"class":63},[43,56931,800],{"class":53},[43,56933,808],{"class":63},[43,56935,3955],{"class":53},[43,56937,56938,56940,56942,56945,56947,56949],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,56939,1192],{"class":207},[43,56941,212],{"class":211},[43,56943,56944],{"class":207}," a",[43,56946,315],{"class":53},[43,56948,13231],{"class":236},[43,56950,1728],{"class":53},[43,56952,56953,56955,56957,56959,56961,56963],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,56954,1231],{"class":207},[43,56956,315],{"class":53},[43,56958,13874],{"class":236},[43,56960,54],{"class":53},[43,56962,2835],{"class":63},[43,56964,227],{"class":53},[43,56966,56967],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,56968,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,56970,56971,56973,56975,56977,56979],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,56972,50],{"class":49},[43,56974,54],{"class":53},[43,56976,189],{"class":236},[43,56978,1221],{"class":53},[43,56980,54988],{"class":3984},[402,56982,56984],{"id":56983},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[34,56986,56988],{"className":36,"code":56987,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[18,56989,56990,57010],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,56991,56992,56994,56996,56998,57000,57002,57004,57006,57008],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,56993,3937],{"class":207},[43,56995,212],{"class":211},[43,56997,3942],{"class":53},[43,56999,797],{"class":63},[43,57001,800],{"class":53},[43,57003,803],{"class":63},[43,57005,800],{"class":53},[43,57007,808],{"class":63},[43,57009,3955],{"class":53},[43,57011,57012,57014,57016,57018],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,57013,3969],{"class":207},[43,57015,315],{"class":53},[43,57017,13231],{"class":236},[43,57019,1728],{"class":53},[14,57021,57022],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[14,57024,39588],{},[34,57026,57028],{"className":36,"code":57027,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[18,57029,57030,57050],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,57031,57032,57034,57036,57038,57040,57042,57044,57046,57048],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,57033,3937],{"class":207},[43,57035,212],{"class":211},[43,57037,3942],{"class":53},[43,57039,797],{"class":63},[43,57041,800],{"class":53},[43,57043,803],{"class":63},[43,57045,800],{"class":53},[43,57047,808],{"class":63},[43,57049,3955],{"class":53},[43,57051,57052,57054,57056,57058,57060,57062],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,57053,56212],{"class":207},[43,57055,212],{"class":211},[43,57057,4586],{"class":207},[43,57059,315],{"class":53},[43,57061,13231],{"class":236},[43,57063,1728],{"class":53},[402,57065,57067],{"id":57066},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[34,57069,57071],{"className":36,"code":57070,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[18,57072,57073,57091,57105,57109,57127,57131],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,57074,57075,57077,57079,57081,57083,57085,57087,57089],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,57076,1178],{"class":207},[43,57078,212],{"class":211},[43,57080,56350],{"class":53},[43,57082,797],{"class":63},[43,57084,18384],{"class":53},[43,57086,3942],{"class":53},[43,57088,447],{"class":63},[43,57090,53298],{"class":53},[43,57092,57093,57095,57097,57099,57101,57103],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,57094,1192],{"class":207},[43,57096,212],{"class":211},[43,57098,56944],{"class":207},[43,57100,315],{"class":53},[43,57102,13231],{"class":236},[43,57104,1728],{"class":53},[43,57106,57107],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,57108,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,57110,57111,57113,57115,57117,57119,57121,57123,57125],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,57112,1231],{"class":207},[43,57114,4221],{"class":53},[43,57116,2466],{"class":63},[43,57118,13871],{"class":53},[43,57120,13874],{"class":236},[43,57122,54],{"class":53},[43,57124,56403],{"class":63},[43,57126,227],{"class":53},[43,57128,57129],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,57130,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,57132,57133,57135,57137,57139,57141],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,57134,50],{"class":49},[43,57136,54],{"class":53},[43,57138,189],{"class":236},[43,57140,1221],{"class":53},[43,57142,57143],{"class":3984},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[14,57145,57146,57147,57149],{},"Fix: remember that ",[18,57148,55657],{}," is shallow.",[402,57151,25940,57153,57155],{"id":57152},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[18,57154,13096],{}," on the wrong data type",[14,57157,57158,57160],{},[18,57159,13096],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[34,57162,57164],{"className":36,"code":57163,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[18,57165,57166,57178],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,57167,57168,57170,57172,57174,57176],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,57169,8202],{"class":207},[43,57171,212],{"class":211},[43,57173,932],{"class":81},[43,57175,5327],{"class":85},[43,57177,938],{"class":81},[43,57179,57180],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,57181,57182],{"class":3984},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[14,57184,57185],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[34,57187,57189],{"className":36,"code":57188,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(name))\n",[18,57190,57191],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,57192,57193,57195,57197,57199,57201,57203],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,57194,50],{"class":49},[43,57196,54],{"class":53},[43,57198,248],{"class":57},[43,57200,54],{"class":53},[43,57202,7992],{"class":236},[43,57204,67],{"class":53},[14,57206,57207,57208,57212],{},"You can also review ",[189,57209,57211],{"href":57210},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[29,57214,2162],{"id":2161},[402,57216,13023,57218,57220],{"id":57217},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[18,57219,55657],{}," change the original list?",[14,57222,57223],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[402,57225,5503,57227,895,57229,2822],{"id":57226},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[18,57228,55657],{},[18,57230,212],{},[14,57232,57233,57235,57236,57238],{},[18,57234,13096],{}," creates a new list. ",[18,57237,212],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[402,57240,15225,57242,15228],{"id":57241},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[18,57243,55657],{},[14,57245,57246],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[402,57248,57250],{"id":57249},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[14,57252,2215,57253,57256],{},[18,57254,57255],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[402,57258,15225,57260,57262,57263,2822],{"id":57259},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[18,57261,55657],{}," the same as ",[18,57264,56690],{},[14,57266,57267],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[29,57269,2229],{"id":2228},[150,57271,57272,57277,57281,57286,57292],{},[153,57273,57274],{},[189,57275,15287],{"href":57276},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[153,57278,57279],{},[189,57280,52827],{"href":51034},[153,57282,57283],{},[189,57284,57285],{"href":57210},"Creating a list in Python",[153,57287,57288],{},[189,57289,55576,57290,11055],{"href":56825},[18,57291,52708],{},[153,57293,57294],{},[189,57295,14112],{"href":14111},[2262,57297,57298],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":57300},[57301,57302,57304,57305,57307,57308,57309,57311,57319,57330],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":55767,"depth":70,"text":57303},"What list.copy() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":56038,"depth":70,"text":57306},"Why not use =",{"id":56316,"depth":70,"text":56317},{"id":902,"depth":70,"text":903},{"id":56667,"depth":70,"text":57310},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4841,"depth":70,"text":4842,"children":57312},[57313,57315,57316,57317],{"id":56837,"depth":93,"text":57314},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56983,"depth":93,"text":56984},{"id":57066,"depth":93,"text":57067},{"id":57152,"depth":93,"text":57318},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":57320},[57321,57323,57325,57327,57328],{"id":57217,"depth":93,"text":57322},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57226,"depth":93,"text":57324},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57241,"depth":93,"text":57326},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57249,"depth":93,"text":57250},{"id":57259,"depth":93,"text":57329},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55645,"description":57331},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57338,"title":57339,"body":57340,"description":59082,"extension":2312,"meta":59083,"navigation":958,"path":59084,"seo":59085,"stem":59086,"__hash__":59087},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57341,"toc":59041},[57342,57348,57354,57357,57368,57371,57373,57436,57442,57447,57451,57465,57468,57473,57478,57480,57482,57501,57513,57515,57582,57584,57592,57597,57599,57607,57610,57627,57629,57753,57764,57768,57773,57776,57778,57796,57800,57886,57895,57903,57972,57974,57977,57989,57994,57998,58069,58072,58076,58080,58145,58147,58155,58159,58242,58244,58252,58256,58317,58319,58327,58331,58418,58420,58428,58433,58438,58441,58452,58454,58539,58544,58553,58555,58559,58563,58568,58630,58634,58642,58648,58657,58662,58711,58714,58735,58739,58801,58808,58813,58816,58903,58906,58917,58920,58940,58942,58948,58951,58955,58959,58965,58968,58974,58981,58989,59000,59002,59038],[10,57343,54398,57345,11638],{"id":57344},"python-list-count-method",[18,57346,57347],{},"count()",[14,57349,57350,57353],{},[18,57351,57352],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[14,57355,57356],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[150,57358,57359,57362,57365],{},[153,57360,57361],{},"count one specific item",[153,57363,57364],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[153,57366,57367],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[14,57369,57370],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[29,57372,3927],{"id":3926},[34,57374,57376],{"className":36,"code":57375,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[18,57377,57378,57406,57424],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,57379,57380,57382,57384,57386,57388,57390,57392,57394,57396,57398,57400,57402,57404],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,57381,3937],{"class":207},[43,57383,212],{"class":211},[43,57385,3942],{"class":53},[43,57387,797],{"class":63},[43,57389,800],{"class":53},[43,57391,803],{"class":63},[43,57393,800],{"class":53},[43,57395,803],{"class":63},[43,57397,800],{"class":53},[43,57399,808],{"class":63},[43,57401,800],{"class":53},[43,57403,803],{"class":63},[43,57405,3955],{"class":53},[43,57407,57408,57410,57412,57414,57416,57418,57420,57422],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,57409,1282],{"class":207},[43,57411,212],{"class":211},[43,57413,4586],{"class":207},[43,57415,315],{"class":53},[43,57417,1291],{"class":236},[43,57419,54],{"class":53},[43,57421,447],{"class":63},[43,57423,227],{"class":53},[43,57425,57426,57428,57430,57432,57434],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,57427,50],{"class":49},[43,57429,54],{"class":53},[43,57431,1306],{"class":236},[43,57433,1221],{"class":53},[43,57435,50825],{"class":3984},[14,57437,133,57438,57441],{},[18,57439,57440],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[29,57443,3998,57445,4001],{"id":57444},"what-listcount-does",[18,57446,57352],{},[14,57448,57449,325],{},[18,57450,57352],{},[150,57452,57453,57456,57459,57462],{},[153,57454,57455],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[153,57457,57458],{},"returns an integer",[153,57460,57461],{},"does not change the original list",[153,57463,57464],{},"checks for exact matches",[14,57466,57467],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[14,57469,57470,57471,315],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[18,57472,2409],{},[14,57474,57475,57476,315],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[18,57477,2466],{},[29,57479,290],{"id":289},[14,57481,2505],{},[34,57483,57485],{"className":36,"code":57484,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list.count(value)\n",[18,57486,57487],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,57488,57489,57491,57493,57495,57497,57499],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,57490,8659],{"class":207},[43,57492,315],{"class":53},[43,57494,1291],{"class":236},[43,57496,54],{"class":53},[43,57498,307],{"class":236},[43,57500,227],{"class":53},[150,57502,57503,57508],{},[153,57504,57505,57507],{},[18,57506,8659],{}," is the list you want to search",[153,57509,57510,57512],{},[18,57511,307],{}," is the item you want to count",[14,57514,197],{},[34,57516,57518],{"className":36,"code":57517,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,57519,57520,57560],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,57521,57522,57524,57526,57528,57530,57532,57534,57536,57538,57540,57542,57544,57546,57548,57550,57552,57554,57556,57558],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,57523,36414],{"class":207},[43,57525,212],{"class":211},[43,57527,3942],{"class":53},[43,57529,82],{"class":81},[43,57531,189],{"class":85},[43,57533,82],{"class":81},[43,57535,800],{"class":53},[43,57537,932],{"class":81},[43,57539,1231],{"class":85},[43,57541,82],{"class":81},[43,57543,800],{"class":53},[43,57545,932],{"class":81},[43,57547,189],{"class":85},[43,57549,82],{"class":81},[43,57551,800],{"class":53},[43,57553,932],{"class":81},[43,57555,10055],{"class":85},[43,57557,82],{"class":81},[43,57559,3955],{"class":53},[43,57561,57562,57564,57566,57568,57570,57572,57574,57576,57578,57580],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,57563,50],{"class":49},[43,57565,54],{"class":53},[43,57567,36467],{"class":236},[43,57569,315],{"class":53},[43,57571,1291],{"class":236},[43,57573,54],{"class":53},[43,57575,82],{"class":81},[43,57577,189],{"class":85},[43,57579,82],{"class":81},[43,57581,67],{"class":53},[14,57583,110],{},[34,57585,57586],{"className":36,"code":17379,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,57587,57588],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,57589,57590],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,57591,17379],{"class":63},[14,57593,57594,57595,315],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[18,57596,2466],{},[29,57598,38346],{"id":38345},[14,57600,57601,57602,57604,57605,315],{},"The return value from ",[18,57603,57347],{}," is always an ",[18,57606,2069],{},[14,57608,57609],{},"Possible results:",[150,57611,57612,57617,57622],{},[153,57613,57614,57616],{},[18,57615,2466],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[153,57618,57619,57621],{},[18,57620,797],{}," if it appears once",[153,57623,57624,57626],{},[18,57625,447],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[14,57628,197],{},[34,57630,57632],{"className":36,"code":57631,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[18,57633,57634,57674,57678,57703,57728],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,57635,57636,57638,57640,57642,57644,57646,57648,57650,57652,57654,57656,57658,57660,57662,57664,57666,57668,57670,57672],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,57637,13396],{"class":207},[43,57639,212],{"class":211},[43,57641,3942],{"class":53},[43,57643,82],{"class":81},[43,57645,13413],{"class":85},[43,57647,82],{"class":81},[43,57649,800],{"class":53},[43,57651,932],{"class":81},[43,57653,13430],{"class":85},[43,57655,82],{"class":81},[43,57657,800],{"class":53},[43,57659,932],{"class":81},[43,57661,17777],{"class":85},[43,57663,82],{"class":81},[43,57665,800],{"class":53},[43,57667,932],{"class":81},[43,57669,13430],{"class":85},[43,57671,82],{"class":81},[43,57673,3955],{"class":53},[43,57675,57676],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,57677,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,57679,57680,57682,57684,57686,57688,57690,57692,57694,57696,57698,57700],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,57681,50],{"class":49},[43,57683,54],{"class":53},[43,57685,17824],{"class":236},[43,57687,315],{"class":53},[43,57689,1291],{"class":236},[43,57691,54],{"class":53},[43,57693,82],{"class":81},[43,57695,13430],{"class":85},[43,57697,82],{"class":81},[43,57699,5686],{"class":53},[43,57701,57702],{"class":3984},"   # 2\n",[43,57704,57705,57707,57709,57711,57713,57715,57717,57719,57721,57723,57725],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,57706,50],{"class":49},[43,57708,54],{"class":53},[43,57710,17824],{"class":236},[43,57712,315],{"class":53},[43,57714,1291],{"class":236},[43,57716,54],{"class":53},[43,57718,82],{"class":81},[43,57720,13413],{"class":85},[43,57722,82],{"class":81},[43,57724,5686],{"class":53},[43,57726,57727],{"class":3984},"    # 1\n",[43,57729,57730,57732,57734,57736,57738,57740,57742,57744,57746,57748,57750],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,57731,50],{"class":49},[43,57733,54],{"class":53},[43,57735,17824],{"class":236},[43,57737,315],{"class":53},[43,57739,1291],{"class":236},[43,57741,54],{"class":53},[43,57743,82],{"class":81},[43,57745,22847],{"class":85},[43,57747,82],{"class":81},[43,57749,5686],{"class":53},[43,57751,57752],{"class":3984}," # 0\n",[14,57754,57755,57756,57758,57759,57761,57762,315],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[18,57757,57347],{}," works, but using ",[18,57760,4203],{}," is often simpler. See ",[189,57763,6525],{"href":6524},[29,57765,57767],{"id":57766},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[14,57769,57770,57772],{},[18,57771,57352],{}," uses equality matching.",[14,57774,57775],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[14,57777,43702],{},[150,57779,57780,57783,57786,57793],{},[153,57781,57782],{},"matches are based on equality",[153,57784,57785],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[153,57787,57788,895,57790,57792],{},[18,57789,797],{},[18,57791,105],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[153,57794,57795],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[402,57797,57799],{"id":57798},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[34,57801,57803],{"className":36,"code":57802,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[18,57804,57805,57838,57862],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,57806,57807,57809,57811,57813,57815,57817,57819,57821,57823,57826,57828,57830,57832,57834,57836],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,57808,4392],{"class":207},[43,57810,212],{"class":211},[43,57812,3942],{"class":53},[43,57814,82],{"class":81},[43,57816,4401],{"class":85},[43,57818,82],{"class":81},[43,57820,800],{"class":53},[43,57822,932],{"class":81},[43,57824,57825],{"class":85},"Apple",[43,57827,82],{"class":81},[43,57829,800],{"class":53},[43,57831,932],{"class":81},[43,57833,4401],{"class":85},[43,57835,82],{"class":81},[43,57837,3955],{"class":53},[43,57839,57840,57842,57844,57846,57848,57850,57852,57854,57856,57858,57860],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,57841,50],{"class":49},[43,57843,54],{"class":53},[43,57845,4436],{"class":236},[43,57847,315],{"class":53},[43,57849,1291],{"class":236},[43,57851,54],{"class":53},[43,57853,82],{"class":81},[43,57855,4401],{"class":85},[43,57857,82],{"class":81},[43,57859,5686],{"class":53},[43,57861,51470],{"class":3984},[43,57863,57864,57866,57868,57870,57872,57874,57876,57878,57880,57882,57884],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,57865,50],{"class":49},[43,57867,54],{"class":53},[43,57869,4436],{"class":236},[43,57871,315],{"class":53},[43,57873,1291],{"class":236},[43,57875,54],{"class":53},[43,57877,82],{"class":81},[43,57879,57825],{"class":85},[43,57881,82],{"class":81},[43,57883,5686],{"class":53},[43,57885,28104],{"class":3984},[14,57887,57888,895,57891,57894],{},[18,57889,57890],{},"\"apple\"",[18,57892,57893],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[402,57896,57898,895,57900,57902],{"id":57897},"_1-and-true-can-match",[18,57899,797],{},[18,57901,105],{}," can match",[34,57904,57906],{"className":36,"code":57905,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[18,57907,57908,57932,57952],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,57909,57910,57912,57914,57916,57918,57920,57922,57924,57926,57928,57930],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,57911,4144],{"class":207},[43,57913,212],{"class":211},[43,57915,3942],{"class":53},[43,57917,797],{"class":63},[43,57919,800],{"class":53},[43,57921,4237],{"class":104},[43,57923,800],{"class":53},[43,57925,803],{"class":63},[43,57927,800],{"class":53},[43,57929,5823],{"class":63},[43,57931,3955],{"class":53},[43,57933,57934,57936,57938,57940,57942,57944,57946,57948,57950],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,57935,50],{"class":49},[43,57937,54],{"class":53},[43,57939,5683],{"class":236},[43,57941,315],{"class":53},[43,57943,1291],{"class":236},[43,57945,54],{"class":53},[43,57947,797],{"class":63},[43,57949,5686],{"class":53},[43,57951,50973],{"class":3984},[43,57953,57954,57956,57958,57960,57962,57964,57966,57968,57970],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,57955,50],{"class":49},[43,57957,54],{"class":53},[43,57959,5683],{"class":236},[43,57961,315],{"class":53},[43,57963,1291],{"class":236},[43,57965,54],{"class":53},[43,57967,105],{"class":104},[43,57969,5686],{"class":53},[43,57971,50825],{"class":3984},[14,57973,4733],{},[14,57975,57976],{},"In Python:",[150,57978,57979,57984],{},[153,57980,57981],{},[18,57982,57983],{},"True == 1",[153,57985,57986],{},[18,57987,57988],{},"False == 0",[14,57990,53709,57991,57993],{},[18,57992,57347],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[402,57995,57997],{"id":57996},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[34,57999,58001],{"className":36,"code":58000,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[18,58002,58003,58045],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58004,58005,58007,58009,58011,58013,58015,58017,58019,58021,58023,58025,58027,58029,58031,58033,58035,58037,58039,58041,58043],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58006,8104],{"class":207},[43,58008,212],{"class":211},[43,58010,56350],{"class":53},[43,58012,797],{"class":63},[43,58014,800],{"class":53},[43,58016,803],{"class":63},[43,58018,18384],{"class":53},[43,58020,3942],{"class":53},[43,58022,2409],{"class":63},[43,58024,800],{"class":53},[43,58026,2789],{"class":63},[43,58028,18384],{"class":53},[43,58030,3942],{"class":53},[43,58032,797],{"class":63},[43,58034,800],{"class":53},[43,58036,803],{"class":63},[43,58038,18384],{"class":53},[43,58040,3942],{"class":53},[43,58042,797],{"class":63},[43,58044,53298],{"class":53},[43,58046,58047,58049,58051,58053,58055,58057,58059,58061,58063,58065,58067],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,58048,50],{"class":49},[43,58050,54],{"class":53},[43,58052,8135],{"class":236},[43,58054,315],{"class":53},[43,58056,1291],{"class":236},[43,58058,794],{"class":53},[43,58060,797],{"class":63},[43,58062,800],{"class":53},[43,58064,803],{"class":63},[43,58066,5058],{"class":53},[43,58068,51470],{"class":3984},[14,58070,58071],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[29,58073,58075],{"id":58074},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[402,58077,58079],{"id":58078},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[34,58081,58083],{"className":36,"code":58082,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58084,58085,58113,58131,58135],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58086,58087,58089,58091,58093,58095,58097,58099,58101,58103,58105,58107,58109,58111],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58088,3937],{"class":207},[43,58090,212],{"class":211},[43,58092,3942],{"class":53},[43,58094,512],{"class":63},[43,58096,800],{"class":53},[43,58098,8115],{"class":63},[43,58100,800],{"class":53},[43,58102,6331],{"class":63},[43,58104,800],{"class":53},[43,58106,8120],{"class":63},[43,58108,800],{"class":53},[43,58110,6331],{"class":63},[43,58112,3955],{"class":53},[43,58114,58115,58117,58119,58121,58123,58125,58127,58129],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,58116,1282],{"class":207},[43,58118,212],{"class":211},[43,58120,4586],{"class":207},[43,58122,315],{"class":53},[43,58124,1291],{"class":236},[43,58126,54],{"class":53},[43,58128,512],{"class":63},[43,58130,227],{"class":53},[43,58132,58133],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,58134,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,58136,58137,58139,58141,58143],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,58138,50],{"class":49},[43,58140,54],{"class":53},[43,58142,1306],{"class":236},[43,58144,227],{"class":53},[14,58146,110],{},[34,58148,58149],{"className":36,"code":46670,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,58150,58151],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58152,58153],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58154,46670],{"class":63},[402,58156,58158],{"id":58157},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[34,58160,58162],{"className":36,"code":58161,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58163,58164,58206,58228,58232],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58165,58166,58168,58170,58172,58174,58176,58178,58180,58182,58185,58187,58189,58191,58193,58195,58197,58199,58202,58204],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58167,4392],{"class":207},[43,58169,212],{"class":211},[43,58171,3942],{"class":53},[43,58173,82],{"class":81},[43,58175,37372],{"class":85},[43,58177,82],{"class":81},[43,58179,800],{"class":53},[43,58181,932],{"class":81},[43,58183,58184],{"class":85},"dog",[43,58186,82],{"class":81},[43,58188,800],{"class":53},[43,58190,932],{"class":81},[43,58192,37372],{"class":85},[43,58194,82],{"class":81},[43,58196,800],{"class":53},[43,58198,932],{"class":81},[43,58200,58201],{"class":85},"bird",[43,58203,82],{"class":81},[43,58205,3955],{"class":53},[43,58207,58208,58210,58212,58214,58216,58218,58220,58222,58224,58226],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,58209,1282],{"class":207},[43,58211,212],{"class":211},[43,58213,6495],{"class":207},[43,58215,315],{"class":53},[43,58217,1291],{"class":236},[43,58219,54],{"class":53},[43,58221,82],{"class":81},[43,58223,37372],{"class":85},[43,58225,82],{"class":81},[43,58227,227],{"class":53},[43,58229,58230],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,58231,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,58233,58234,58236,58238,58240],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,58235,50],{"class":49},[43,58237,54],{"class":53},[43,58239,1306],{"class":236},[43,58241,227],{"class":53},[14,58243,110],{},[34,58245,58246],{"className":36,"code":17379,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,58247,58248],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58249,58250],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58251,17379],{"class":63},[402,58253,58255],{"id":58254},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[34,58257,58259],{"className":36,"code":58258,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58260,58261,58285,58303,58307],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58262,58263,58265,58267,58269,58271,58273,58275,58277,58279,58281,58283],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58264,3937],{"class":207},[43,58266,212],{"class":211},[43,58268,3942],{"class":53},[43,58270,797],{"class":63},[43,58272,800],{"class":53},[43,58274,803],{"class":63},[43,58276,800],{"class":53},[43,58278,808],{"class":63},[43,58280,800],{"class":53},[43,58282,2789],{"class":63},[43,58284,3955],{"class":53},[43,58286,58287,58289,58291,58293,58295,58297,58299,58301],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,58288,1282],{"class":207},[43,58290,212],{"class":211},[43,58292,4586],{"class":207},[43,58294,315],{"class":53},[43,58296,1291],{"class":236},[43,58298,54],{"class":53},[43,58300,64],{"class":63},[43,58302,227],{"class":53},[43,58304,58305],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,58306,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,58308,58309,58311,58313,58315],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,58310,50],{"class":49},[43,58312,54],{"class":53},[43,58314,1306],{"class":236},[43,58316,227],{"class":53},[14,58318,110],{},[34,58320,58321],{"className":36,"code":47305,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,58322,58323],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58324,58325],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58326,47305],{"class":63},[402,58328,58330],{"id":58329},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[34,58332,58334],{"className":36,"code":58333,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58335,58336,58382,58404,58408],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58337,58338,58340,58342,58344,58346,58348,58350,58352,58354,58356,58358,58360,58362,58364,58366,58368,58370,58372,58374,58376,58378,58380],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58339,9481],{"class":207},[43,58341,212],{"class":211},[43,58343,56350],{"class":53},[43,58345,797],{"class":63},[43,58347,800],{"class":53},[43,58349,803],{"class":63},[43,58351,18384],{"class":53},[43,58353,3942],{"class":53},[43,58355,797],{"class":63},[43,58357,800],{"class":53},[43,58359,803],{"class":63},[43,58361,18384],{"class":53},[43,58363,3942],{"class":53},[43,58365,447],{"class":63},[43,58367,800],{"class":53},[43,58369,808],{"class":63},[43,58371,18384],{"class":53},[43,58373,3942],{"class":53},[43,58375,797],{"class":63},[43,58377,800],{"class":53},[43,58379,803],{"class":63},[43,58381,53298],{"class":53},[43,58383,58384,58386,58388,58390,58392,58394,58396,58398,58400,58402],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,58385,1282],{"class":207},[43,58387,212],{"class":211},[43,58389,14888],{"class":207},[43,58391,315],{"class":53},[43,58393,1291],{"class":236},[43,58395,794],{"class":53},[43,58397,797],{"class":63},[43,58399,800],{"class":53},[43,58401,803],{"class":63},[43,58403,4209],{"class":53},[43,58405,58406],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,58407,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,58409,58410,58412,58414,58416],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,58411,50],{"class":49},[43,58413,54],{"class":53},[43,58415,1306],{"class":236},[43,58417,227],{"class":53},[14,58419,110],{},[34,58421,58422],{"className":36,"code":46670,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,58423,58424],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58425,58426],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58427,46670],{"class":63},[29,58429,5284,58431],{"id":58430},"when-to-use-count",[18,58432,57347],{},[14,58434,133,58435,58437],{},[18,58436,57347],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[14,58439,58440],{},"Good use cases:",[150,58442,58443,58446,58449],{},[153,58444,58445],{},"counting one specific item",[153,58447,58448],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[153,58450,58451],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[14,58453,197],{},[34,58455,58457],{"className":36,"code":58456,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[18,58458,58459,58500,58524,58528],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58460,58461,58464,58466,58468,58470,58472,58474,58476,58478,58480,58482,58484,58486,58488,58490,58492,58494,58496,58498],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58462,58463],{"class":207},"votes ",[43,58465,212],{"class":211},[43,58467,3942],{"class":53},[43,58469,82],{"class":81},[43,58471,8976],{"class":85},[43,58473,82],{"class":81},[43,58475,800],{"class":53},[43,58477,932],{"class":81},[43,58479,8918],{"class":85},[43,58481,82],{"class":81},[43,58483,800],{"class":53},[43,58485,932],{"class":81},[43,58487,8976],{"class":85},[43,58489,82],{"class":81},[43,58491,800],{"class":53},[43,58493,932],{"class":81},[43,58495,8976],{"class":85},[43,58497,82],{"class":81},[43,58499,3955],{"class":53},[43,58501,58502,58505,58507,58510,58512,58514,58516,58518,58520,58522],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,58503,58504],{"class":207},"yes_votes ",[43,58506,212],{"class":211},[43,58508,58509],{"class":207}," votes",[43,58511,315],{"class":53},[43,58513,1291],{"class":236},[43,58515,54],{"class":53},[43,58517,82],{"class":81},[43,58519,8976],{"class":85},[43,58521,82],{"class":81},[43,58523,227],{"class":53},[43,58525,58526],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,58527,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,58529,58530,58532,58534,58537],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,58531,50],{"class":49},[43,58533,54],{"class":53},[43,58535,58536],{"class":236},"yes_votes",[43,58538,227],{"class":53},[14,58540,58541,58543],{},[18,58542,57347],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[14,58545,58546,58547,895,58549,315],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[189,58548,52827],{"href":51034},[189,58550,58552],{"href":58551},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[29,58554,3160],{"id":3159},[14,58556,8767,58557,315],{},[18,58558,57352],{},[402,58560,58562],{"id":58561},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[14,58564,58565,58567],{},[18,58566,57352],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[34,58569,58571],{"className":36,"code":58570,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[18,58572,58573,58606],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58574,58575,58577,58579,58581,58583,58586,58588,58590,58592,58594,58596,58598,58600,58602,58604],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58576,4392],{"class":207},[43,58578,212],{"class":211},[43,58580,3942],{"class":53},[43,58582,82],{"class":81},[43,58584,58585],{"class":85},"apple pie",[43,58587,82],{"class":81},[43,58589,800],{"class":53},[43,58591,932],{"class":81},[43,58593,4410],{"class":85},[43,58595,82],{"class":81},[43,58597,800],{"class":53},[43,58599,932],{"class":81},[43,58601,58585],{"class":85},[43,58603,82],{"class":81},[43,58605,3955],{"class":53},[43,58607,58608,58610,58612,58614,58616,58618,58620,58622,58624,58626,58628],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,58609,50],{"class":49},[43,58611,54],{"class":53},[43,58613,4436],{"class":236},[43,58615,315],{"class":53},[43,58617,1291],{"class":236},[43,58619,54],{"class":53},[43,58621,82],{"class":81},[43,58623,4401],{"class":85},[43,58625,82],{"class":81},[43,58627,5686],{"class":53},[43,58629,51302],{"class":3984},[14,58631,2819,58632,2822],{},[18,58633,2466],{},[14,58635,2194,58636,58638,58639,315],{},[18,58637,57890],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[18,58640,58641],{},"\"apple pie\"",[14,58643,58644,58645,315],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[18,58646,58647],{},"str.count()",[402,58649,8773,58651,8776,58653,2172,58655],{"id":58650},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[18,58652,57347],{},[18,58654,105],{},[18,58656,613],{},[14,58658,58659,58661],{},[18,58660,57347],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[34,58663,58665],{"className":36,"code":58664,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[18,58666,58667,58691],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58668,58669,58671,58673,58675,58677,58679,58681,58683,58685,58687,58689],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58670,3937],{"class":207},[43,58672,212],{"class":211},[43,58674,3942],{"class":53},[43,58676,797],{"class":63},[43,58678,800],{"class":53},[43,58680,803],{"class":63},[43,58682,800],{"class":53},[43,58684,803],{"class":63},[43,58686,800],{"class":53},[43,58688,808],{"class":63},[43,58690,3955],{"class":53},[43,58692,58693,58695,58697,58699,58701,58703,58705,58707,58709],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,58694,50],{"class":49},[43,58696,54],{"class":53},[43,58698,3969],{"class":236},[43,58700,315],{"class":53},[43,58702,1291],{"class":236},[43,58704,54],{"class":53},[43,58706,447],{"class":63},[43,58708,5686],{"class":53},[43,58710,51470],{"class":3984},[14,58712,58713],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[34,58715,58717],{"className":36,"code":58716,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[18,58718,58719],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58720,58721,58723,58725,58727,58729,58731,58733],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58722,50],{"class":49},[43,58724,54],{"class":53},[43,58726,447],{"class":63},[43,58728,21497],{"class":1927},[43,58730,4586],{"class":236},[43,58732,1221],{"class":53},[43,58734,3985],{"class":3984},[402,58736,58738],{"id":58737},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[34,58740,58742],{"className":36,"code":58741,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[18,58743,58744,58777],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58745,58746,58748,58750,58752,58754,58756,58758,58760,58762,58764,58766,58768,58770,58773,58775],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58747,5318],{"class":207},[43,58749,212],{"class":211},[43,58751,3942],{"class":53},[43,58753,82],{"class":81},[43,58755,8001],{"class":85},[43,58757,82],{"class":81},[43,58759,800],{"class":53},[43,58761,932],{"class":81},[43,58763,20541],{"class":85},[43,58765,82],{"class":81},[43,58767,800],{"class":53},[43,58769,932],{"class":81},[43,58771,58772],{"class":85},"SAM",[43,58774,82],{"class":81},[43,58776,3955],{"class":53},[43,58778,58779,58781,58783,58785,58787,58789,58791,58793,58795,58797,58799],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,58780,50],{"class":49},[43,58782,54],{"class":53},[43,58784,5362],{"class":236},[43,58786,315],{"class":53},[43,58788,1291],{"class":236},[43,58790,54],{"class":53},[43,58792,82],{"class":81},[43,58794,20541],{"class":85},[43,58796,82],{"class":81},[43,58798,5686],{"class":53},[43,58800,28104],{"class":3984},[14,58802,58803,58804,58807],{},"Only the exact string ",[18,58805,58806],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[402,58809,29974,58811,33871],{"id":58810},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[18,58812,57347],{},[14,58814,58815],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[34,58817,58819],{"className":36,"code":58818,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[18,58820,58821,58831,58845,58863,58877,58889],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,58822,58823,58825,58827,58829],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,58824,50],{"class":49},[43,58826,54],{"class":53},[43,58828,8659],{"class":236},[43,58830,227],{"class":53},[43,58832,58833,58835,58837,58839,58841,58843],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,58834,50],{"class":49},[43,58836,54],{"class":53},[43,58838,248],{"class":57},[43,58840,54],{"class":53},[43,58842,8659],{"class":236},[43,58844,67],{"class":53},[43,58846,58847,58849,58851,58853,58855,58857,58859,58861],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,58848,50],{"class":49},[43,58850,54],{"class":53},[43,58852,8659],{"class":236},[43,58854,315],{"class":53},[43,58856,1291],{"class":236},[43,58858,54],{"class":53},[43,58860,307],{"class":236},[43,58862,67],{"class":53},[43,58864,58865,58867,58869,58871,58873,58875],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,58866,50],{"class":49},[43,58868,54],{"class":53},[43,58870,1589],{"class":236},[43,58872,4203],{"class":1927},[43,58874,8716],{"class":236},[43,58876,227],{"class":53},[43,58878,58879,58881,58883,58885,58887],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,58880,6284],{"class":1927},[43,58882,6287],{"class":207},[43,58884,4203],{"class":1927},[43,58886,8716],{"class":207},[43,58888,1931],{"class":53},[43,58890,58891,58893,58895,58897,58899,58901],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,58892,1951],{"class":49},[43,58894,54],{"class":53},[43,58896,1820],{"class":49},[43,58898,54],{"class":53},[43,58900,23634],{"class":236},[43,58902,67],{"class":53},[14,58904,58905],{},"These checks can help you see:",[150,58907,58908,58911,58914],{},[153,58909,58910],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[153,58912,58913],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[153,58915,58916],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[14,58918,58919],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[150,58921,58922,58927,58930,58937],{},[153,58923,50546,58924,58926],{},[18,58925,57347],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[153,58928,58929],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[153,58931,11422,58932,58934,58935],{},[18,58933,57352],{}," with string ",[18,58936,57347],{},[153,58938,58939],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[29,58941,2162],{"id":2161},[402,58943,13023,58945,58947],{"id":58944},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[18,58946,57352],{}," change the list?",[14,58949,58950],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[402,58952,58954],{"id":58953},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[14,58956,12229,58957,315],{},[18,58958,2466],{},[402,58960,5493,58962,58964],{"id":58961},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[18,58963,57352],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[14,58966,58967],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[402,58969,15225,58971,58973],{"id":58970},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[18,58972,57352],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[14,58975,2215,58976,895,58978,58980],{},[18,58977,57893],{},[18,58979,57890],{}," are different values.",[402,58982,5481,58984,58986,58987,2822],{"id":58983},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[18,58985,105],{}," sometimes count like ",[18,58988,797],{},[14,58990,9104,58991,58993,58994,895,58996,58993,58998,315],{},[18,58992,105],{}," compares equal to ",[18,58995,797],{},[18,58997,613],{},[18,58999,2466],{},[29,59001,2229],{"id":2228},[150,59003,59004,59008,59014,59018,59026,59033],{},[153,59005,59006],{},[189,59007,52827],{"href":51034},[153,59009,59010],{},[189,59011,59013],{"href":59012},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[153,59015,59016],{},[189,59017,7261],{"href":6524},[153,59019,59020],{},[189,59021,55576,59023,11055],{"href":59022},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[18,59024,59025],{},"index()",[153,59027,59028],{},[189,59029,3894,59031],{"href":59030},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[18,59032,42412],{},[153,59034,59035],{},[189,59036,59037],{"href":58551},"What is a list in Python",[2262,59039,59040],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":59042},[59043,59044,59046,59047,59048,59054,59060,59062,59070,59081],{"id":3926,"depth":70,"text":3927},{"id":57444,"depth":70,"text":59045},"What list.count() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":38345,"depth":70,"text":38346},{"id":57766,"depth":70,"text":57767,"children":59049},[59050,59051,59053],{"id":57798,"depth":93,"text":57799},{"id":57897,"depth":93,"text":59052},"1 and True can match",{"id":57996,"depth":93,"text":57997},{"id":58074,"depth":70,"text":58075,"children":59055},[59056,59057,59058,59059],{"id":58078,"depth":93,"text":58079},{"id":58157,"depth":93,"text":58158},{"id":58254,"depth":93,"text":58255},{"id":58329,"depth":93,"text":58330},{"id":58430,"depth":70,"text":59061},"When to use count()",{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160,"children":59063},[59064,59065,59067,59068],{"id":58561,"depth":93,"text":58562},{"id":58650,"depth":93,"text":59066},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58737,"depth":93,"text":58738},{"id":58810,"depth":93,"text":59069},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":59071},[59072,59074,59075,59077,59079],{"id":58944,"depth":93,"text":59073},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58953,"depth":93,"text":58954},{"id":58961,"depth":93,"text":59076},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58970,"depth":93,"text":59078},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58983,"depth":93,"text":59080},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57339,"description":59082},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59089,"title":59090,"body":59091,"description":61054,"extension":2312,"meta":61055,"navigation":958,"path":61056,"seo":61057,"stem":61058,"__hash__":61059},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59092,"toc":61017},[59093,59096,59099,59101,59229,59233,59314,59325,59327,59346,59350,59353,59356,59374,59376,59419,59423,59448,59457,59461,59466,59469,59586,59590,59659,59663,59675,59679,59682,59723,59727,59740,59743,59828,59832,59865,59872,59878,59883,59885,59897,59901,59934,59938,59970,59974,60011,60015,60035,60039,60073,60077,60106,60117,60121,60124,60127,60140,60197,60201,60240,60246,60249,60251,60254,60258,60261,60286,60288,60313,60320,60323,60368,60372,60391,60394,60433,60440,60445,60479,60483,60584,60591,60624,60628,60654,60658,60661,60699,60702,60739,60743,60746,60765,60769,60830,60832,60850,60854,60857,60860,60889,60891,60895,60898,60906,60910,60913,60933,60939,60945,60949,60952,60959,60967,60969,61008,61014],[10,59094,59090],{"id":59095},"python-list-creating-a-list",[14,59097,59098],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[29,59100,3927],{"id":3926},[34,59102,59104],{"className":36,"code":59103,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,59105,59106,59126,59158,59166,59184,59188,59198,59208,59219],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,59107,59108,59110,59112,59114,59116,59118,59120,59122,59124],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,59109,3937],{"class":207},[43,59111,212],{"class":211},[43,59113,3942],{"class":53},[43,59115,797],{"class":63},[43,59117,800],{"class":53},[43,59119,803],{"class":63},[43,59121,800],{"class":53},[43,59123,808],{"class":63},[43,59125,3955],{"class":53},[43,59127,59128,59130,59132,59134,59136,59138,59140,59142,59144,59146,59148,59150,59152,59154,59156],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,59129,5318],{"class":207},[43,59131,212],{"class":211},[43,59133,3942],{"class":53},[43,59135,82],{"class":81},[43,59137,13200],{"class":85},[43,59139,82],{"class":81},[43,59141,800],{"class":53},[43,59143,932],{"class":81},[43,59145,36264],{"class":85},[43,59147,82],{"class":81},[43,59149,800],{"class":53},[43,59151,932],{"class":81},[43,59153,36273],{"class":85},[43,59155,82],{"class":81},[43,59157,3955],{"class":53},[43,59159,59160,59162,59164],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,59161,55987],{"class":207},[43,59163,212],{"class":211},[43,59165,8164],{"class":53},[43,59167,59168,59170,59172,59174,59176,59178,59180,59182],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,59169,36414],{"class":207},[43,59171,212],{"class":211},[43,59173,22883],{"class":57},[43,59175,54],{"class":53},[43,59177,82],{"class":81},[43,59179,1596],{"class":85},[43,59181,82],{"class":81},[43,59183,227],{"class":53},[43,59185,59186],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,59187,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,59189,59190,59192,59194,59196],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,59191,50],{"class":49},[43,59193,54],{"class":53},[43,59195,3969],{"class":236},[43,59197,227],{"class":53},[43,59199,59200,59202,59204,59206],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,59201,50],{"class":49},[43,59203,54],{"class":53},[43,59205,5362],{"class":236},[43,59207,227],{"class":53},[43,59209,59210,59212,59214,59217],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,59211,50],{"class":49},[43,59213,54],{"class":53},[43,59215,59216],{"class":236},"empty_list",[43,59218,227],{"class":53},[43,59220,59221,59223,59225,59227],{"class":45,"line":6756},[43,59222,50],{"class":49},[43,59224,54],{"class":53},[43,59226,36467],{"class":236},[43,59228,227],{"class":53},[14,59230,59231],{},[913,59232,110],{},[34,59234,59236],{"className":36,"code":59235,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,59237,59238,59254,59282,59286],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,59239,59240,59242,59244,59246,59248,59250,59252],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,59241,4221],{"class":53},[43,59243,797],{"class":63},[43,59245,800],{"class":53},[43,59247,803],{"class":63},[43,59249,800],{"class":53},[43,59251,808],{"class":63},[43,59253,3955],{"class":53},[43,59255,59256,59258,59260,59262,59264,59266,59268,59270,59272,59274,59276,59278,59280],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,59257,4221],{"class":53},[43,59259,283],{"class":81},[43,59261,13200],{"class":85},[43,59263,283],{"class":81},[43,59265,800],{"class":53},[43,59267,278],{"class":81},[43,59269,36264],{"class":85},[43,59271,283],{"class":81},[43,59273,800],{"class":53},[43,59275,278],{"class":81},[43,59277,36273],{"class":85},[43,59279,283],{"class":81},[43,59281,3955],{"class":53},[43,59283,59284],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,59285,38623],{"class":53},[43,59287,59288,59290,59292,59294,59296,59298,59300,59302,59304,59306,59308,59310,59312],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,59289,4221],{"class":53},[43,59291,283],{"class":81},[43,59293,189],{"class":85},[43,59295,283],{"class":81},[43,59297,800],{"class":53},[43,59299,278],{"class":81},[43,59301,1231],{"class":85},[43,59303,283],{"class":81},[43,59305,800],{"class":53},[43,59307,278],{"class":81},[43,59309,10055],{"class":85},[43,59311,283],{"class":81},[43,59313,3955],{"class":53},[14,59315,59316,59317,59319,59320,59322,59323,315],{},"Use square brackets ",[18,59318,4108],{}," for most lists. Use ",[18,59321,25105],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[18,59324,36522],{},[29,59326,15485],{"id":15484},[150,59328,59329,59332,59335,59338,59343],{},[153,59330,59331],{},"What a list is in Python",[153,59333,59334],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[153,59336,59337],{},"How to create an empty list",[153,59339,59340,59341,1078],{},"How to create a list with the ",[18,59342,25105],{},[153,59344,59345],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[29,59347,59349],{"id":59348},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[14,59351,59352],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[14,59354,59355],{},"This means:",[150,59357,59358,59361,59364,59367],{},[153,59359,59360],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[153,59362,59363],{},"The order of items is kept",[153,59365,59366],{},"A list can hold different data types",[153,59368,59369,59370,59373],{},"A list is ",[913,59371,59372],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[14,59375,197],{},[34,59377,59379],{"className":36,"code":59378,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,59380,59381,59405,59409],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,59382,59383,59385,59387,59389,59391,59393,59395,59397,59399,59401,59403],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,59384,8104],{"class":207},[43,59386,212],{"class":211},[43,59388,3942],{"class":53},[43,59390,82],{"class":81},[43,59392,4401],{"class":85},[43,59394,82],{"class":81},[43,59396,800],{"class":53},[43,59398,6331],{"class":63},[43,59400,800],{"class":53},[43,59402,4237],{"class":104},[43,59404,3955],{"class":53},[43,59406,59407],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,59408,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,59410,59411,59413,59415,59417],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,59412,50],{"class":49},[43,59414,54],{"class":53},[43,59416,8135],{"class":236},[43,59418,227],{"class":53},[14,59420,59421],{},[913,59422,110],{},[34,59424,59426],{"className":36,"code":59425,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[18,59427,59428],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,59429,59430,59432,59434,59436,59438,59440,59442,59444,59446],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,59431,4221],{"class":53},[43,59433,283],{"class":81},[43,59435,4401],{"class":85},[43,59437,283],{"class":81},[43,59439,800],{"class":53},[43,59441,6331],{"class":63},[43,59443,800],{"class":53},[43,59445,4237],{"class":104},[43,59447,3955],{"class":53},[14,59449,59450,59451,2172,59454,315],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[189,59452,59453],{"href":51034},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[189,59455,59456],{"href":58551},"What is a List in Python?",[29,59458,59460],{"id":59459},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[14,59462,59316,59463,59465],{},[18,59464,4108],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[14,59467,59468],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[34,59470,59472],{"className":36,"code":59471,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[18,59473,59474,59494,59526,59551,59555,59565,59575],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,59475,59476,59478,59480,59482,59484,59486,59488,59490,59492],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,59477,3937],{"class":207},[43,59479,212],{"class":211},[43,59481,3942],{"class":53},[43,59483,797],{"class":63},[43,59485,800],{"class":53},[43,59487,803],{"class":63},[43,59489,800],{"class":53},[43,59491,808],{"class":63},[43,59493,3955],{"class":53},[43,59495,59496,59498,59500,59502,59504,59506,59508,59510,59512,59514,59516,59518,59520,59522,59524],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,59497,5318],{"class":207},[43,59499,212],{"class":211},[43,59501,3942],{"class":53},[43,59503,82],{"class":81},[43,59505,13200],{"class":85},[43,59507,82],{"class":81},[43,59509,800],{"class":53},[43,59511,932],{"class":81},[43,59513,36264],{"class":85},[43,59515,82],{"class":81},[43,59517,800],{"class":53},[43,59519,932],{"class":81},[43,59521,36273],{"class":85},[43,59523,82],{"class":81},[43,59525,3955],{"class":53},[43,59527,59528,59531,59533,59535,59537,59539,59541,59543,59545,59547,59549],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,59529,59530],{"class":207},"mixed ",[43,59532,212],{"class":211},[43,59534,3942],{"class":53},[43,59536,512],{"class":63},[43,59538,800],{"class":53},[43,59540,932],{"class":81},[43,59542,710],{"class":85},[43,59544,82],{"class":81},[43,59546,800],{"class":53},[43,59548,4228],{"class":104},[43,59550,3955],{"class":53},[43,59552,59553],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,59554,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,59556,59557,59559,59561,59563],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,59558,50],{"class":49},[43,59560,54],{"class":53},[43,59562,3969],{"class":236},[43,59564,227],{"class":53},[43,59566,59567,59569,59571,59573],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,59568,50],{"class":49},[43,59570,54],{"class":53},[43,59572,5362],{"class":236},[43,59574,227],{"class":53},[43,59576,59577,59579,59581,59584],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,59578,50],{"class":49},[43,59580,54],{"class":53},[43,59582,59583],{"class":236},"mixed",[43,59585,227],{"class":53},[14,59587,59588],{},[913,59589,110],{},[34,59591,59593],{"className":36,"code":59592,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[18,59594,59595,59611,59639],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,59596,59597,59599,59601,59603,59605,59607,59609],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,59598,4221],{"class":53},[43,59600,797],{"class":63},[43,59602,800],{"class":53},[43,59604,803],{"class":63},[43,59606,800],{"class":53},[43,59608,808],{"class":63},[43,59610,3955],{"class":53},[43,59612,59613,59615,59617,59619,59621,59623,59625,59627,59629,59631,59633,59635,59637],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,59614,4221],{"class":53},[43,59616,283],{"class":81},[43,59618,13200],{"class":85},[43,59620,283],{"class":81},[43,59622,800],{"class":53},[43,59624,278],{"class":81},[43,59626,36264],{"class":85},[43,59628,283],{"class":81},[43,59630,800],{"class":53},[43,59632,278],{"class":81},[43,59634,36273],{"class":85},[43,59636,283],{"class":81},[43,59638,3955],{"class":53},[43,59640,59641,59643,59645,59647,59649,59651,59653,59655,59657],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,59642,4221],{"class":53},[43,59644,512],{"class":63},[43,59646,800],{"class":53},[43,59648,278],{"class":81},[43,59650,710],{"class":85},[43,59652,283],{"class":81},[43,59654,800],{"class":53},[43,59656,4228],{"class":104},[43,59658,3955],{"class":53},[402,59660,59662],{"id":59661},"key-points","Key points",[150,59664,59665,59670,59672],{},[153,59666,133,59667,59669],{},[18,59668,4108],{}," to make a new list",[153,59671,15754],{},[153,59673,59674],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[29,59676,59678],{"id":59677},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[14,59680,59681],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[34,59683,59685],{"className":36,"code":59684,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[18,59686,59687,59695,59699,59709],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,59688,59689,59691,59693],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,59690,8628],{"class":207},[43,59692,212],{"class":211},[43,59694,8164],{"class":53},[43,59696,59697],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,59698,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,59700,59701,59703,59705,59707],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,59702,50],{"class":49},[43,59704,54],{"class":53},[43,59706,8659],{"class":236},[43,59708,227],{"class":53},[43,59710,59711,59713,59715,59717,59719,59721],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,59712,50],{"class":49},[43,59714,54],{"class":53},[43,59716,11477],{"class":49},[43,59718,54],{"class":53},[43,59720,8659],{"class":236},[43,59722,67],{"class":53},[14,59724,59725],{},[913,59726,110],{},[34,59728,59730],{"className":36,"code":59729,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[]\n0\n",[18,59731,59732,59736],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,59733,59734],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,59735,38623],{"class":53},[43,59737,59738],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,59739,47305],{"class":63},[14,59741,59742],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[34,59744,59746],{"className":36,"code":59745,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[18,59747,59748,59756,59760,59778,59796,59814,59818],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,59749,59750,59752,59754],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,59751,5318],{"class":207},[43,59753,212],{"class":211},[43,59755,8164],{"class":53},[43,59757,59758],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,59759,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,59761,59762,59764,59766,59768,59770,59772,59774,59776],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,59763,5362],{"class":207},[43,59765,315],{"class":53},[43,59767,13874],{"class":236},[43,59769,54],{"class":53},[43,59771,82],{"class":81},[43,59773,13200],{"class":85},[43,59775,82],{"class":81},[43,59777,227],{"class":53},[43,59779,59780,59782,59784,59786,59788,59790,59792,59794],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,59781,5362],{"class":207},[43,59783,315],{"class":53},[43,59785,13874],{"class":236},[43,59787,54],{"class":53},[43,59789,82],{"class":81},[43,59791,36264],{"class":85},[43,59793,82],{"class":81},[43,59795,227],{"class":53},[43,59797,59798,59800,59802,59804,59806,59808,59810,59812],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,59799,5362],{"class":207},[43,59801,315],{"class":53},[43,59803,13874],{"class":236},[43,59805,54],{"class":53},[43,59807,82],{"class":81},[43,59809,36273],{"class":85},[43,59811,82],{"class":81},[43,59813,227],{"class":53},[43,59815,59816],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,59817,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,59819,59820,59822,59824,59826],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,59821,50],{"class":49},[43,59823,54],{"class":53},[43,59825,5362],{"class":236},[43,59827,227],{"class":53},[14,59829,59830],{},[913,59831,110],{},[34,59833,59835],{"className":36,"code":59834,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[18,59836,59837],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,59838,59839,59841,59843,59845,59847,59849,59851,59853,59855,59857,59859,59861,59863],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,59840,4221],{"class":53},[43,59842,283],{"class":81},[43,59844,13200],{"class":85},[43,59846,283],{"class":81},[43,59848,800],{"class":53},[43,59850,278],{"class":81},[43,59852,36264],{"class":85},[43,59854,283],{"class":81},[43,59856,800],{"class":53},[43,59858,278],{"class":81},[43,59860,36273],{"class":85},[43,59862,283],{"class":81},[43,59864,3955],{"class":53},[14,59866,59867,59868,315],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[189,59869,59870,11055],{"href":56825},[18,59871,52708],{},[29,59873,59875,59876],{"id":59874},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[18,59877,25105],{},[14,59879,133,59880,59882],{},[18,59881,25105],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[14,59884,5782],{},[150,59886,59887,59889,59891,59893],{},[153,59888,5633],{},[153,59890,5627],{},[153,59892,5630],{},[153,59894,59895],{},[18,59896,36522],{},[402,59898,59900],{"id":59899},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[34,59902,59904],{"className":36,"code":59903,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,59905,59906,59924],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,59907,59908,59910,59912,59914,59916,59918,59920,59922],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,59909,36414],{"class":207},[43,59911,212],{"class":211},[43,59913,22883],{"class":57},[43,59915,54],{"class":53},[43,59917,82],{"class":81},[43,59919,1596],{"class":85},[43,59921,82],{"class":81},[43,59923,227],{"class":53},[43,59925,59926,59928,59930,59932],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,59927,50],{"class":49},[43,59929,54],{"class":53},[43,59931,36467],{"class":236},[43,59933,227],{"class":53},[14,59935,59936],{},[913,59937,110],{},[34,59939,59940],{"className":36,"code":42927,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,59941,59942],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,59943,59944,59946,59948,59950,59952,59954,59956,59958,59960,59962,59964,59966,59968],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,59945,4221],{"class":53},[43,59947,283],{"class":81},[43,59949,189],{"class":85},[43,59951,283],{"class":81},[43,59953,800],{"class":53},[43,59955,278],{"class":81},[43,59957,1231],{"class":85},[43,59959,283],{"class":81},[43,59961,800],{"class":53},[43,59963,278],{"class":81},[43,59965,10055],{"class":85},[43,59967,283],{"class":81},[43,59969,3955],{"class":53},[402,59971,59973],{"id":59972},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[34,59975,59977],{"className":36,"code":59976,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,59978,59979,60001],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,59980,59981,59983,59985,59987,59989,59991,59993,59995,59997,59999],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,59982,3937],{"class":207},[43,59984,212],{"class":211},[43,59986,22883],{"class":57},[43,59988,5836],{"class":53},[43,59990,797],{"class":63},[43,59992,800],{"class":53},[43,59994,803],{"class":63},[43,59996,800],{"class":53},[43,59998,808],{"class":63},[43,60000,67],{"class":53},[43,60002,60003,60005,60007,60009],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,60004,50],{"class":49},[43,60006,54],{"class":53},[43,60008,3969],{"class":236},[43,60010,227],{"class":53},[14,60012,60013],{},[913,60014,110],{},[34,60016,60017],{"className":36,"code":55206,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,60018,60019],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60020,60021,60023,60025,60027,60029,60031,60033],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60022,4221],{"class":53},[43,60024,797],{"class":63},[43,60026,800],{"class":53},[43,60028,803],{"class":63},[43,60030,800],{"class":53},[43,60032,808],{"class":63},[43,60034,3955],{"class":53},[402,60036,60038],{"id":60037},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[34,60040,60042],{"className":36,"code":60041,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[18,60043,60044,60063],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60045,60046,60048,60050,60052,60054,60057,60059,60061],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60047,4144],{"class":207},[43,60049,212],{"class":211},[43,60051,22883],{"class":57},[43,60053,54],{"class":53},[43,60055,60056],{"class":49},"range",[43,60058,54],{"class":53},[43,60060,64],{"class":63},[43,60062,67],{"class":53},[43,60064,60065,60067,60069,60071],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,60066,50],{"class":49},[43,60068,54],{"class":53},[43,60070,5683],{"class":236},[43,60072,227],{"class":53},[14,60074,60075],{},[913,60076,110],{},[34,60078,60080],{"className":36,"code":60079,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,60081,60082],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60083,60084,60086,60088,60090,60092,60094,60096,60098,60100,60102,60104],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60085,4221],{"class":53},[43,60087,2466],{"class":63},[43,60089,800],{"class":53},[43,60091,5823],{"class":63},[43,60093,800],{"class":53},[43,60095,803],{"class":63},[43,60097,800],{"class":53},[43,60099,808],{"class":63},[43,60101,800],{"class":53},[43,60103,2789],{"class":63},[43,60105,3955],{"class":53},[14,60107,60108,60110,60111,315],{},[18,60109,25105],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[189,60112,60114,60116],{"href":60113},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[18,60115,25105],{},": Function Explained",[29,60118,60120],{"id":60119},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[14,60122,60123],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[14,60125,60126],{},"Examples include:",[150,60128,60129,60131,60133,60135,60137],{},[153,60130,5633],{},[153,60132,404],{},[153,60134,52101],{},[153,60136,577],{},[153,60138,60139],{},"other lists",[34,60141,60143],{"className":36,"code":60142,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,60144,60145,60183,60187],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60146,60147,60149,60151,60153,60155,60157,60159,60161,60163,60165,60167,60169,60171,60173,60175,60177,60179,60181],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60148,9481],{"class":207},[43,60150,212],{"class":211},[43,60152,3942],{"class":53},[43,60154,82],{"class":81},[43,60156,13200],{"class":85},[43,60158,82],{"class":81},[43,60160,800],{"class":53},[43,60162,9622],{"class":63},[43,60164,800],{"class":53},[43,60166,4237],{"class":104},[43,60168,800],{"class":53},[43,60170,3942],{"class":53},[43,60172,797],{"class":63},[43,60174,800],{"class":53},[43,60176,803],{"class":63},[43,60178,800],{"class":53},[43,60180,808],{"class":63},[43,60182,53298],{"class":53},[43,60184,60185],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,60186,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,60188,60189,60191,60193,60195],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,60190,50],{"class":49},[43,60192,54],{"class":53},[43,60194,9520],{"class":236},[43,60196,227],{"class":53},[14,60198,60199],{},[913,60200,110],{},[34,60202,60204],{"className":36,"code":60203,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[18,60205,60206],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60207,60208,60210,60212,60214,60216,60218,60220,60222,60224,60226,60228,60230,60232,60234,60236,60238],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60209,4221],{"class":53},[43,60211,283],{"class":81},[43,60213,13200],{"class":85},[43,60215,283],{"class":81},[43,60217,800],{"class":53},[43,60219,9622],{"class":63},[43,60221,800],{"class":53},[43,60223,4237],{"class":104},[43,60225,800],{"class":53},[43,60227,3942],{"class":53},[43,60229,797],{"class":63},[43,60231,800],{"class":53},[43,60233,803],{"class":63},[43,60235,800],{"class":53},[43,60237,808],{"class":63},[43,60239,53298],{"class":53},[14,60241,60242,60243,315],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[913,60244,60245],{},"nested list",[14,60247,60248],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[29,60250,4842],{"id":4841},[14,60252,60253],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[402,60255,60257],{"id":60256},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[14,60259,60260],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[34,60262,60264],{"className":36,"code":60263,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[18,60265,60266,60270],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60267,60268],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60269,4859],{"class":3984},[43,60271,60272,60274,60276,60278,60280,60282,60284],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,60273,3937],{"class":207},[43,60275,212],{"class":211},[43,60277,3942],{"class":53},[43,60279,797],{"class":63},[43,60281,803],{"class":63},[43,60283,808],{"class":63},[43,60285,3955],{"class":53},[14,60287,11122],{},[34,60289,60291],{"className":36,"code":60290,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,60292,60293],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60294,60295,60297,60299,60301,60303,60305,60307,60309,60311],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60296,3937],{"class":207},[43,60298,212],{"class":211},[43,60300,3942],{"class":53},[43,60302,797],{"class":63},[43,60304,800],{"class":53},[43,60306,803],{"class":63},[43,60308,800],{"class":53},[43,60310,808],{"class":63},[43,60312,3955],{"class":53},[402,60314,8738,60316,11407,60318],{"id":60315},"using-instead-of",[18,60317,830],{},[18,60319,4108],{},[14,60321,60322],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[34,60324,60326],{"className":36,"code":60325,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[18,60327,60328,60349,60353],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60329,60330,60333,60335,60337,60339,60341,60343,60345,60347],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60331,60332],{"class":207},"my_values ",[43,60334,212],{"class":211},[43,60336,9552],{"class":53},[43,60338,797],{"class":63},[43,60340,800],{"class":53},[43,60342,803],{"class":63},[43,60344,800],{"class":53},[43,60346,808],{"class":63},[43,60348,227],{"class":53},[43,60350,60351],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,60352,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,60354,60355,60357,60359,60361,60363,60366],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,60356,50],{"class":49},[43,60358,54],{"class":53},[43,60360,248],{"class":57},[43,60362,54],{"class":53},[43,60364,60365],{"class":236},"my_values",[43,60367,67],{"class":53},[14,60369,60370],{},[913,60371,110],{},[34,60373,60375],{"className":36,"code":60374,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,60376,60377],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60378,60379,60381,60383,60385,60387,60389],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60380,271],{"class":211},[43,60382,275],{"class":274},[43,60384,278],{"class":81},[43,60386,49007],{"class":85},[43,60388,283],{"class":81},[43,60390,286],{"class":211},[14,60392,60393],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[34,60395,60397],{"className":36,"code":60396,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[18,60398,60399,60419],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60400,60401,60403,60405,60407,60409,60411,60413,60415,60417],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60402,60332],{"class":207},[43,60404,212],{"class":211},[43,60406,3942],{"class":53},[43,60408,797],{"class":63},[43,60410,800],{"class":53},[43,60412,803],{"class":63},[43,60414,800],{"class":53},[43,60416,808],{"class":63},[43,60418,3955],{"class":53},[43,60420,60421,60423,60425,60427,60429,60431],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,60422,50],{"class":49},[43,60424,54],{"class":53},[43,60426,248],{"class":57},[43,60428,54],{"class":53},[43,60430,60365],{"class":236},[43,60432,67],{"class":53},[402,60434,8773,60436,60439],{"id":60435},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[18,60437,60438],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[14,60441,60442,60444],{},[18,60443,25105],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[34,60446,60448],{"className":36,"code":60447,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,60449,60450,60469],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60451,60452,60454,60456,60458,60460,60462,60465,60467],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60453,1282],{"class":207},[43,60455,212],{"class":211},[43,60457,22883],{"class":57},[43,60459,54],{"class":53},[43,60461,82],{"class":81},[43,60463,60464],{"class":85},"hello world",[43,60466,82],{"class":81},[43,60468,227],{"class":53},[43,60470,60471,60473,60475,60477],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,60472,50],{"class":49},[43,60474,54],{"class":53},[43,60476,1306],{"class":236},[43,60478,227],{"class":53},[14,60480,60481],{},[913,60482,110],{},[34,60484,60486],{"className":36,"code":60485,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[18,60487,60488],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60489,60490,60492,60494,60497,60499,60501,60503,60506,60508,60510,60512,60515,60517,60519,60521,60523,60525,60527,60529,60532,60534,60536,60538,60540,60542,60544,60547,60549,60551,60553,60555,60557,60559,60561,60564,60566,60568,60570,60572,60574,60576,60578,60580,60582],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60491,4221],{"class":53},[43,60493,283],{"class":81},[43,60495,60496],{"class":85},"h",[43,60498,283],{"class":81},[43,60500,800],{"class":53},[43,60502,278],{"class":81},[43,60504,60505],{"class":85},"e",[43,60507,283],{"class":81},[43,60509,800],{"class":53},[43,60511,278],{"class":81},[43,60513,60514],{"class":85},"l",[43,60516,283],{"class":81},[43,60518,800],{"class":53},[43,60520,278],{"class":81},[43,60522,60514],{"class":85},[43,60524,283],{"class":81},[43,60526,800],{"class":53},[43,60528,278],{"class":81},[43,60530,60531],{"class":85},"o",[43,60533,283],{"class":81},[43,60535,800],{"class":53},[43,60537,278],{"class":81},[43,60539,278],{"class":81},[43,60541,800],{"class":53},[43,60543,278],{"class":81},[43,60545,60546],{"class":85},"w",[43,60548,283],{"class":81},[43,60550,800],{"class":53},[43,60552,278],{"class":81},[43,60554,60531],{"class":85},[43,60556,283],{"class":81},[43,60558,800],{"class":53},[43,60560,278],{"class":81},[43,60562,60563],{"class":85},"r",[43,60565,283],{"class":81},[43,60567,800],{"class":53},[43,60569,278],{"class":81},[43,60571,60514],{"class":85},[43,60573,283],{"class":81},[43,60575,800],{"class":53},[43,60577,278],{"class":81},[43,60579,19090],{"class":85},[43,60581,283],{"class":81},[43,60583,3955],{"class":53},[14,60585,60586,60587,60590],{},"If you want words, use ",[18,60588,60589],{},"split()"," instead:",[34,60592,60594],{"className":36,"code":60593,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[18,60595,60596,60614],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60597,60598,60600,60602,60604,60606,60608,60610,60612],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60599,4392],{"class":207},[43,60601,212],{"class":211},[43,60603,932],{"class":81},[43,60605,60464],{"class":85},[43,60607,82],{"class":81},[43,60609,315],{"class":53},[43,60611,34792],{"class":236},[43,60613,1728],{"class":53},[43,60615,60616,60618,60620,60622],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,60617,50],{"class":49},[43,60619,54],{"class":53},[43,60621,4436],{"class":236},[43,60623,227],{"class":53},[14,60625,60626],{},[913,60627,110],{},[34,60629,60631],{"className":36,"code":60630,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['hello', 'world']\n",[18,60632,60633],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60634,60635,60637,60639,60641,60643,60645,60647,60650,60652],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60636,4221],{"class":53},[43,60638,283],{"class":81},[43,60640,710],{"class":85},[43,60642,283],{"class":81},[43,60644,800],{"class":53},[43,60646,278],{"class":81},[43,60648,60649],{"class":85},"world",[43,60651,283],{"class":81},[43,60653,3955],{"class":53},[402,60655,60657],{"id":60656},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[14,60659,60660],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[34,60662,60664],{"className":36,"code":60663,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[18,60665,60666,60670],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60667,60668],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60669,4859],{"class":3984},[43,60671,60672,60674,60676,60678,60680,60682,60684,60686,60688,60691,60693,60695,60697],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,60673,5318],{"class":207},[43,60675,212],{"class":211},[43,60677,3942],{"class":53},[43,60679,82],{"class":81},[43,60681,13200],{"class":85},[43,60683,82],{"class":81},[43,60685,800],{"class":53},[43,60687,932],{"class":81},[43,60689,60690],{"class":85},"Ben', ",[43,60692,82],{"class":81},[43,60694,36273],{"class":207},[43,60696,82],{"class":81},[43,60698,3955],{"class":85},[14,60700,60701],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[34,60703,60705],{"className":36,"code":60704,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[18,60706,60707],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60708,60709,60711,60713,60715,60717,60719,60721,60723,60725,60727,60729,60731,60733,60735,60737],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60710,5318],{"class":207},[43,60712,212],{"class":211},[43,60714,3942],{"class":53},[43,60716,82],{"class":81},[43,60718,13200],{"class":85},[43,60720,82],{"class":81},[43,60722,800],{"class":53},[43,60724,932],{"class":81},[43,60726,36264],{"class":85},[43,60728,82],{"class":81},[43,60730,800],{"class":53},[43,60732,932],{"class":81},[43,60734,36273],{"class":85},[43,60736,82],{"class":81},[43,60738,3955],{"class":53},[402,60740,60742],{"id":60741},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[14,60744,60745],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[150,60747,60748,60751,60754,60759],{},[153,60749,60750],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[153,60752,60753],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[153,60755,60756,60757],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[18,60758,25105],{},[153,60760,8773,60761,60764],{},[18,60762,60763],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[402,60766,60768],{"id":60767},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[34,60770,60772],{"className":36,"code":60771,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[18,60773,60774,60784,60798,60812],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60775,60776,60778,60780,60782],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60777,50],{"class":49},[43,60779,54],{"class":53},[43,60781,8659],{"class":236},[43,60783,227],{"class":53},[43,60785,60786,60788,60790,60792,60794,60796],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,60787,50],{"class":49},[43,60789,54],{"class":53},[43,60791,248],{"class":57},[43,60793,54],{"class":53},[43,60795,8659],{"class":236},[43,60797,67],{"class":53},[43,60799,60800,60802,60804,60806,60808,60810],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,60801,50],{"class":49},[43,60803,54],{"class":53},[43,60805,11477],{"class":49},[43,60807,54],{"class":53},[43,60809,8659],{"class":236},[43,60811,67],{"class":53},[43,60813,60814,60816,60818,60820,60822,60824,60826,60828],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,60815,50],{"class":49},[43,60817,54],{"class":53},[43,60819,849],{"class":57},[43,60821,54],{"class":53},[43,60823,60056],{"class":49},[43,60825,54],{"class":53},[43,60827,64],{"class":63},[43,60829,3239],{"class":53},[14,60831,26332],{},[150,60833,60834,60837,60840,60843],{},[153,60835,60836],{},"what the list contains",[153,60838,60839],{},"whether the value is really a list",[153,60841,60842],{},"how many items it has",[153,60844,26343,60845,60847,60848],{},[18,60846,25105],{}," does with ",[18,60849,36522],{},[29,60851,60853],{"id":60852},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[14,60855,60856],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[14,60858,60859],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[150,60861,60862,60877,60882],{},[153,60863,133,60864,2534,60868,17395,60872,60876],{},[189,60865,60866],{"href":56825},[18,60867,52708],{},[189,60869,60870],{"href":53400},[18,60871,53502],{},[189,60873,60874],{"href":53964},[18,60875,54324],{}," to add items later",[153,60878,133,60879,60881],{},[189,60880,59453],{"href":51034}," for a broader introduction",[153,60883,133,60884,60888],{},[189,60885,60886,60116],{"href":60113},[18,60887,25105],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[29,60890,2162],{"id":2161},[402,60892,60894],{"id":60893},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[14,60896,60897],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[34,60899,60900],{"className":36,"code":38623,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,60901,60902],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60903,60904],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60905,38623],{"class":53},[402,60907,60909],{"id":60908},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[14,60911,60912],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[34,60914,60915],{"className":36,"code":55206,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,60916,60917],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,60918,60919,60921,60923,60925,60927,60929,60931],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,60920,4221],{"class":53},[43,60922,797],{"class":63},[43,60924,800],{"class":53},[43,60926,803],{"class":63},[43,60928,800],{"class":53},[43,60930,808],{"class":63},[43,60932,3955],{"class":53},[402,60934,5466,60936,60938],{"id":60935},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[18,60937,25105],{}," do in Python?",[14,60940,60941,60942,60944],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[18,60943,36522],{},", into a list.",[402,60946,60948],{"id":60947},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[14,60950,60951],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[402,60953,5503,60955,895,60957,2822],{"id":60954},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[18,60956,4108],{},[18,60958,830],{},[14,60960,60961,60963,60964,60966],{},[18,60962,4108],{}," creates a list. ",[18,60965,830],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[29,60968,2229],{"id":2228},[150,60970,60971,60975,60981,60987,60993,60999,61003],{},[153,60972,60973],{},[189,60974,59453],{"href":51034},[153,60976,60977],{},[189,60978,55576,60979,11638],{"href":56825},[18,60980,52708],{},[153,60982,60983],{},[189,60984,55576,60985,11638],{"href":53400},[18,60986,53502],{},[153,60988,60989],{},[189,60990,55576,60991,11638],{"href":53964},[18,60992,54324],{},[153,60994,60995],{},[189,60996,3894,60997,3898],{"href":60113},[18,60998,25105],{},[153,61000,61001],{},[189,61002,59456],{"href":58551},[153,61004,61005],{},[189,61006,61007],{"href":12383},"Mutability in Python Explained",[14,61009,61010,61011,61013],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[18,61012,52708],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2262,61015,61016],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":61018},[61019,61020,61021,61022,61025,61026,61032,61033,61043,61044,61053],{"id":3926,"depth":70,"text":3927},{"id":15484,"depth":70,"text":15485},{"id":59348,"depth":70,"text":59349},{"id":59459,"depth":70,"text":59460,"children":61023},[61024],{"id":59661,"depth":93,"text":59662},{"id":59677,"depth":70,"text":59678},{"id":59874,"depth":70,"text":61027,"children":61028},"Create a list with list()",[61029,61030,61031],{"id":59899,"depth":93,"text":59900},{"id":59972,"depth":93,"text":59973},{"id":60037,"depth":93,"text":60038},{"id":60119,"depth":70,"text":60120},{"id":4841,"depth":70,"text":4842,"children":61034},[61035,61036,61038,61040,61041,61042],{"id":60256,"depth":93,"text":60257},{"id":60315,"depth":93,"text":61037},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60435,"depth":93,"text":61039},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60656,"depth":93,"text":60657},{"id":60741,"depth":93,"text":60742},{"id":60767,"depth":93,"text":60768},{"id":60852,"depth":70,"text":60853},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":61045},[61046,61047,61048,61050,61051],{"id":60893,"depth":93,"text":60894},{"id":60908,"depth":93,"text":60909},{"id":60935,"depth":93,"text":61049},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60947,"depth":93,"text":60948},{"id":60954,"depth":93,"text":61052},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59090,"description":61054},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61061,"title":61062,"body":61063,"description":62804,"extension":2312,"meta":62805,"navigation":958,"path":62806,"seo":62807,"stem":62808,"__hash__":62809},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61064,"toc":62759},[61065,61070,61075,61078,61080,61151,61156,61161,61165,61179,61184,61186,61206,61211,61214,61237,61241,61246,61338,61340,61362,61368,61374,61381,61388,61394,61451,61457,61515,61517,61529,61537,61543,61548,61552,61609,61612,61616,61675,61678,61682,61740,61752,61756,61809,61812,61816,61822,61828,61890,61893,61954,61957,62013,62018,62020,62024,62031,62092,62097,62106,62162,62169,62173,62231,62240,62298,62302,62337,62341,62351,62354,62409,62423,62426,62541,62546,62550,62561,62563,62642,62652,62654,62659,62664,62671,62679,62685,62688,62694,62697,62703,62709,62711,62747,62756],[10,61066,54398,61068,11638],{"id":61067},"python-list-extend-method",[18,61069,53502],{},[14,61071,61072,61074],{},[18,61073,53403],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[14,61076,61077],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[29,61079,32],{"id":31},[34,61081,61083],{"className":36,"code":61082,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,61084,61085,61101,61118,61122,61137,61147],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,61086,61087,61089,61091,61093,61095,61097,61099],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,61088,3937],{"class":207},[43,61090,212],{"class":211},[43,61092,3942],{"class":53},[43,61094,797],{"class":63},[43,61096,800],{"class":53},[43,61098,803],{"class":63},[43,61100,3955],{"class":53},[43,61102,61103,61106,61108,61110,61112,61114,61116],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,61104,61105],{"class":207},"more_numbers ",[43,61107,212],{"class":211},[43,61109,3942],{"class":53},[43,61111,2409],{"class":63},[43,61113,800],{"class":53},[43,61115,2789],{"class":63},[43,61117,3955],{"class":53},[43,61119,61120],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,61121,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,61123,61124,61126,61128,61130,61132,61135],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,61125,3969],{"class":207},[43,61127,315],{"class":53},[43,61129,53532],{"class":236},[43,61131,54],{"class":53},[43,61133,61134],{"class":236},"more_numbers",[43,61136,227],{"class":53},[43,61138,61139,61141,61143,61145],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,61140,50],{"class":49},[43,61142,54],{"class":53},[43,61144,3969],{"class":236},[43,61146,227],{"class":53},[43,61148,61149],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,61150,52779],{"class":3984},[14,61152,133,61153,61155],{},[18,61154,53502],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[29,61157,3998,61159,4001],{"id":61158},"what-listextend-does",[18,61160,53403],{},[14,61162,61163,325],{},[18,61164,53502],{},[150,61166,61167,61170,61172,61175],{},[153,61168,61169],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[153,61171,54484],{},[153,61173,61174],{},"Does not create a new list",[153,61176,11740,61177],{},[18,61178,4099],{},[14,61180,61181,61182,53857],{},"This is an important point: ",[18,61183,53502],{},[29,61185,290],{"id":289},[34,61187,61189],{"className":36,"code":61188,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[18,61190,61191],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,61192,61193,61196,61198,61200,61202,61204],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,61194,61195],{"class":207},"list_name",[43,61197,315],{"class":53},[43,61199,53532],{"class":236},[43,61201,54],{"class":53},[43,61203,4042],{"class":236},[43,61205,227],{"class":53},[14,61207,5777,61208,61210],{},[913,61209,4042],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[14,61212,61213],{},"Common iterables include:",[150,61215,61216,61220,61224,61228,61233],{},[153,61217,61218],{},[18,61219,849],{},[153,61221,61222],{},[18,61223,49007],{},[153,61225,61226],{},[18,61227,6613],{},[153,61229,61230],{},[18,61231,61232],{},"string",[153,61234,61235],{},[18,61236,60056],{},[29,61238,61240],{"id":61239},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[14,61242,61243,61244,325],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[18,61245,53502],{},[34,61247,61249],{"className":36,"code":61248,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[18,61250,61251,61275,61300,61304,61319,61323,61333],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,61252,61253,61255,61257,61259,61261,61263,61265,61267,61269,61271,61273],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,61254,36563],{"class":207},[43,61256,212],{"class":211},[43,61258,3942],{"class":53},[43,61260,82],{"class":81},[43,61262,4401],{"class":85},[43,61264,82],{"class":81},[43,61266,800],{"class":53},[43,61268,932],{"class":81},[43,61270,4410],{"class":85},[43,61272,82],{"class":81},[43,61274,3955],{"class":53},[43,61276,61277,61280,61282,61284,61286,61288,61290,61292,61294,61296,61298],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,61278,61279],{"class":207},"more_fruits ",[43,61281,212],{"class":211},[43,61283,3942],{"class":53},[43,61285,82],{"class":81},[43,61287,33543],{"class":85},[43,61289,82],{"class":81},[43,61291,800],{"class":53},[43,61293,932],{"class":81},[43,61295,22856],{"class":85},[43,61297,82],{"class":81},[43,61299,3955],{"class":53},[43,61301,61302],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,61303,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,61305,61306,61308,61310,61312,61314,61317],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,61307,36615],{"class":207},[43,61309,315],{"class":53},[43,61311,53532],{"class":236},[43,61313,54],{"class":53},[43,61315,61316],{"class":236},"more_fruits",[43,61318,227],{"class":53},[43,61320,61321],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,61322,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,61324,61325,61327,61329,61331],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,61326,50],{"class":49},[43,61328,54],{"class":53},[43,61330,36615],{"class":236},[43,61332,227],{"class":53},[43,61334,61335],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,61336,61337],{"class":3984},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[14,61339,12001],{},[150,61341,61342,61347,61352],{},[153,61343,61344,61346],{},[18,61345,36615],{}," starts with two items",[153,61348,61349,61351],{},[18,61350,61316],{}," has two more items",[153,61353,61354,61356,61357,61359,61360],{},[18,61355,53502],{}," adds each item from ",[18,61358,61316],{}," to ",[18,61361,36615],{},[14,61363,61364,61365,61367],{},"After the method runs, ",[18,61366,36615],{}," contains all four items.",[14,61369,54623,61370,895,61372,315],{},[189,61371,52827],{"href":51034},[189,61373,57211],{"href":57210},[29,61375,61377,10901,61379],{"id":61376},"extend-vs-append",[18,61378,53502],{},[18,61380,52708],{},[14,61382,61383,895,61385,61387],{},[18,61384,53502],{},[18,61386,52708],{}," are often confused.",[402,61389,61391,61393],{"id":61390},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[18,61392,53502],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[34,61395,61397],{"className":36,"code":61396,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,61398,61399,61415,61433,61437,61447],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,61400,61401,61403,61405,61407,61409,61411,61413],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,61402,3937],{"class":207},[43,61404,212],{"class":211},[43,61406,3942],{"class":53},[43,61408,797],{"class":63},[43,61410,800],{"class":53},[43,61412,803],{"class":63},[43,61414,3955],{"class":53},[43,61416,61417,61419,61421,61423,61425,61427,61429,61431],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,61418,3969],{"class":207},[43,61420,315],{"class":53},[43,61422,53532],{"class":236},[43,61424,794],{"class":53},[43,61426,2409],{"class":63},[43,61428,800],{"class":53},[43,61430,2789],{"class":63},[43,61432,4209],{"class":53},[43,61434,61435],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,61436,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,61438,61439,61441,61443,61445],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,61440,50],{"class":49},[43,61442,54],{"class":53},[43,61444,3969],{"class":236},[43,61446,227],{"class":53},[43,61448,61449],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,61450,52779],{"class":3984},[402,61452,61454,61456],{"id":61453},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[18,61455,52708],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[34,61458,61460],{"className":36,"code":61459,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[18,61461,61462,61478,61496,61500,61510],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,61463,61464,61466,61468,61470,61472,61474,61476],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,61465,3937],{"class":207},[43,61467,212],{"class":211},[43,61469,3942],{"class":53},[43,61471,797],{"class":63},[43,61473,800],{"class":53},[43,61475,803],{"class":63},[43,61477,3955],{"class":53},[43,61479,61480,61482,61484,61486,61488,61490,61492,61494],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,61481,3969],{"class":207},[43,61483,315],{"class":53},[43,61485,13874],{"class":236},[43,61487,794],{"class":53},[43,61489,2409],{"class":63},[43,61491,800],{"class":53},[43,61493,2789],{"class":63},[43,61495,4209],{"class":53},[43,61497,61498],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,61499,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,61501,61502,61504,61506,61508],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,61503,50],{"class":49},[43,61505,54],{"class":53},[43,61507,3969],{"class":236},[43,61509,227],{"class":53},[43,61511,61512],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,61513,61514],{"class":3984},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[14,61516,19017],{},[150,61518,61519,61524],{},[153,61520,61521,61523],{},[18,61522,53502],{}," to combine values",[153,61525,61526,61528],{},[18,61527,52708],{}," to add one item",[14,61530,2148,61531,895,61535,315],{},[189,61532,55576,61533,11055],{"href":56825},[18,61534,52708],{},[189,61536,53105],{"href":53104},[29,61538,8738,61540,61542],{"id":61539},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[18,61541,53502],{}," with different iterables",[14,61544,61545,61547],{},[18,61546,53502],{}," works with more than just lists.",[402,61549,61551],{"id":61550},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[34,61553,61555],{"className":36,"code":61554,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,61556,61557,61573,61591,61595,61605],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,61558,61559,61561,61563,61565,61567,61569,61571],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,61560,4144],{"class":207},[43,61562,212],{"class":211},[43,61564,3942],{"class":53},[43,61566,797],{"class":63},[43,61568,800],{"class":53},[43,61570,803],{"class":63},[43,61572,3955],{"class":53},[43,61574,61575,61577,61579,61581,61583,61585,61587,61589],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,61576,5683],{"class":207},[43,61578,315],{"class":53},[43,61580,53532],{"class":236},[43,61582,5836],{"class":53},[43,61584,2409],{"class":63},[43,61586,800],{"class":53},[43,61588,2789],{"class":63},[43,61590,67],{"class":53},[43,61592,61593],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,61594,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,61596,61597,61599,61601,61603],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,61598,50],{"class":49},[43,61600,54],{"class":53},[43,61602,5683],{"class":236},[43,61604,227],{"class":53},[43,61606,61607],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,61608,52779],{"class":3984},[14,61610,61611],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[402,61613,61615],{"id":61614},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[34,61617,61619],{"className":36,"code":61618,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,61620,61621,61637,61656,61660,61670],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,61622,61623,61625,61627,61629,61631,61633,61635],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,61624,36414],{"class":207},[43,61626,212],{"class":211},[43,61628,3942],{"class":53},[43,61630,82],{"class":81},[43,61632,189],{"class":85},[43,61634,82],{"class":81},[43,61636,3955],{"class":53},[43,61638,61639,61641,61643,61645,61647,61649,61652,61654],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,61640,36467],{"class":207},[43,61642,315],{"class":53},[43,61644,53532],{"class":236},[43,61646,54],{"class":53},[43,61648,82],{"class":81},[43,61650,61651],{"class":85},"bc",[43,61653,82],{"class":81},[43,61655,227],{"class":53},[43,61657,61658],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,61659,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,61661,61662,61664,61666,61668],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,61663,50],{"class":49},[43,61665,54],{"class":53},[43,61667,36467],{"class":236},[43,61669,227],{"class":53},[43,61671,61672],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,61673,61674],{"class":3984},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[14,61676,61677],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[402,61679,61681],{"id":61680},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[34,61683,61685],{"className":36,"code":61684,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[18,61686,61687,61699,61721,61725,61735],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,61688,61689,61691,61693,61695,61697],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,61690,3937],{"class":207},[43,61692,212],{"class":211},[43,61694,3942],{"class":53},[43,61696,2466],{"class":63},[43,61698,3955],{"class":53},[43,61700,61701,61703,61705,61707,61709,61711,61713,61715,61717,61719],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,61702,3969],{"class":207},[43,61704,315],{"class":53},[43,61706,53532],{"class":236},[43,61708,54],{"class":53},[43,61710,60056],{"class":49},[43,61712,54],{"class":53},[43,61714,797],{"class":63},[43,61716,800],{"class":53},[43,61718,2789],{"class":63},[43,61720,67],{"class":53},[43,61722,61723],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,61724,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,61726,61727,61729,61731,61733],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,61728,50],{"class":49},[43,61730,54],{"class":53},[43,61732,3969],{"class":236},[43,61734,227],{"class":53},[43,61736,61737],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,61738,61739],{"class":3984},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[14,61741,61742,61745,61746,2534,61748,17395,61750,315],{},[18,61743,61744],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[18,61747,797],{},[18,61749,447],{},[18,61751,2409],{},[402,61753,61755],{"id":61754},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[34,61757,61759],{"className":36,"code":61758,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,61760,61761,61777,61795,61799],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,61762,61763,61765,61767,61769,61771,61773,61775],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,61764,8104],{"class":207},[43,61766,212],{"class":211},[43,61768,3942],{"class":53},[43,61770,797],{"class":63},[43,61772,800],{"class":53},[43,61774,803],{"class":63},[43,61776,3955],{"class":53},[43,61778,61779,61781,61783,61785,61787,61789,61791,61793],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,61780,8135],{"class":207},[43,61782,315],{"class":53},[43,61784,53532],{"class":236},[43,61786,5855],{"class":53},[43,61788,2409],{"class":63},[43,61790,800],{"class":53},[43,61792,2789],{"class":63},[43,61794,30817],{"class":53},[43,61796,61797],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,61798,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,61800,61801,61803,61805,61807],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,61802,50],{"class":49},[43,61804,54],{"class":53},[43,61806,8135],{"class":236},[43,61808,227],{"class":53},[14,61810,61811],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[29,61813,61815],{"id":61814},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[14,61817,61818,2733,61820,315],{},[18,61819,53502],{},[18,61821,4099],{},[14,61823,61824,61825,325],{},"That means this is ",[913,61826,61827],{},"wrong",[34,61829,61831],{"className":36,"code":61830,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,61832,61833,61849,61871,61875,61885],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,61834,61835,61837,61839,61841,61843,61845,61847],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,61836,3937],{"class":207},[43,61838,212],{"class":211},[43,61840,3942],{"class":53},[43,61842,797],{"class":63},[43,61844,800],{"class":53},[43,61846,803],{"class":63},[43,61848,3955],{"class":53},[43,61850,61851,61853,61855,61857,61859,61861,61863,61865,61867,61869],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,61852,1282],{"class":207},[43,61854,212],{"class":211},[43,61856,4586],{"class":207},[43,61858,315],{"class":53},[43,61860,53532],{"class":236},[43,61862,794],{"class":53},[43,61864,2409],{"class":63},[43,61866,800],{"class":53},[43,61868,2789],{"class":63},[43,61870,4209],{"class":53},[43,61872,61873],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,61874,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,61876,61877,61879,61881,61883],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,61878,50],{"class":49},[43,61880,54],{"class":53},[43,61882,1306],{"class":236},[43,61884,227],{"class":53},[43,61886,61887],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,61888,61889],{"class":3984},"# None\n",[14,61891,61892],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[34,61894,61896],{"className":36,"code":61895,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[18,61897,61898,61914,61936,61940,61950],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,61899,61900,61902,61904,61906,61908,61910,61912],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,61901,3937],{"class":207},[43,61903,212],{"class":211},[43,61905,3942],{"class":53},[43,61907,797],{"class":63},[43,61909,800],{"class":53},[43,61911,803],{"class":63},[43,61913,3955],{"class":53},[43,61915,61916,61918,61920,61922,61924,61926,61928,61930,61932,61934],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,61917,3937],{"class":207},[43,61919,212],{"class":211},[43,61921,4586],{"class":207},[43,61923,315],{"class":53},[43,61925,53532],{"class":236},[43,61927,794],{"class":53},[43,61929,2409],{"class":63},[43,61931,800],{"class":53},[43,61933,2789],{"class":63},[43,61935,4209],{"class":53},[43,61937,61938],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,61939,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,61941,61942,61944,61946,61948],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,61943,50],{"class":49},[43,61945,54],{"class":53},[43,61947,3969],{"class":236},[43,61949,227],{"class":53},[43,61951,61952],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,61953,61889],{"class":3984},[14,61955,61956],{},"The correct way is:",[34,61958,61959],{"className":36,"code":61396,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,61960,61961,61977,61995,61999,62009],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,61962,61963,61965,61967,61969,61971,61973,61975],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,61964,3937],{"class":207},[43,61966,212],{"class":211},[43,61968,3942],{"class":53},[43,61970,797],{"class":63},[43,61972,800],{"class":53},[43,61974,803],{"class":63},[43,61976,3955],{"class":53},[43,61978,61979,61981,61983,61985,61987,61989,61991,61993],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,61980,3969],{"class":207},[43,61982,315],{"class":53},[43,61984,53532],{"class":236},[43,61986,794],{"class":53},[43,61988,2409],{"class":63},[43,61990,800],{"class":53},[43,61992,2789],{"class":63},[43,61994,4209],{"class":53},[43,61996,61997],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,61998,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,62000,62001,62003,62005,62007],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,62002,50],{"class":49},[43,62004,54],{"class":53},[43,62006,3969],{"class":236},[43,62008,227],{"class":53},[43,62010,62011],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,62012,52779],{"class":3984},[14,62014,55965,62015,62017],{},[18,62016,53502],{}," first, then use the original list.",[29,62019,4842],{"id":4841},[14,62021,15055,62022,315],{},[18,62023,53502],{},[402,62025,62027,62028,62030],{"id":62026},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[18,62029,53502],{}," to return a new list",[34,62032,62034],{"className":36,"code":62033,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[18,62035,62036,62052,62074,62078,62088],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,62037,62038,62040,62042,62044,62046,62048,62050],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,62039,3937],{"class":207},[43,62041,212],{"class":211},[43,62043,3942],{"class":53},[43,62045,797],{"class":63},[43,62047,800],{"class":53},[43,62049,803],{"class":63},[43,62051,3955],{"class":53},[43,62053,62054,62056,62058,62060,62062,62064,62066,62068,62070,62072],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,62055,55698],{"class":207},[43,62057,212],{"class":211},[43,62059,4586],{"class":207},[43,62061,315],{"class":53},[43,62063,53532],{"class":236},[43,62065,794],{"class":53},[43,62067,2409],{"class":63},[43,62069,800],{"class":53},[43,62071,2789],{"class":63},[43,62073,4209],{"class":53},[43,62075,62076],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,62077,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,62079,62080,62082,62084,62086],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,62081,50],{"class":49},[43,62083,54],{"class":53},[43,62085,55717],{"class":236},[43,62087,227],{"class":53},[43,62089,62090],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,62091,61889],{"class":3984},[14,62093,62094,62095,315],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[18,62096,53502],{},[402,62098,62100,62101,44682,62103,62105],{"id":62099},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[18,62102,52708],{},[18,62104,53502],{}," is needed",[34,62107,62108],{"className":36,"code":61459,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,62109,62110,62126,62144,62148,62158],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,62111,62112,62114,62116,62118,62120,62122,62124],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,62113,3937],{"class":207},[43,62115,212],{"class":211},[43,62117,3942],{"class":53},[43,62119,797],{"class":63},[43,62121,800],{"class":53},[43,62123,803],{"class":63},[43,62125,3955],{"class":53},[43,62127,62128,62130,62132,62134,62136,62138,62140,62142],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,62129,3969],{"class":207},[43,62131,315],{"class":53},[43,62133,13874],{"class":236},[43,62135,794],{"class":53},[43,62137,2409],{"class":63},[43,62139,800],{"class":53},[43,62141,2789],{"class":63},[43,62143,4209],{"class":53},[43,62145,62146],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,62147,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,62149,62150,62152,62154,62156],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,62151,50],{"class":49},[43,62153,54],{"class":53},[43,62155,3969],{"class":236},[43,62157,227],{"class":53},[43,62159,62160],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,62161,61514],{"class":3984},[14,62163,62164,62165,53947,62167,6956],{},"If you wanted ",[18,62166,53946],{},[18,62168,53502],{},[402,62170,62172],{"id":62171},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[34,62174,62176],{"className":36,"code":62175,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[18,62177,62178,62194,62212,62216,62226],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,62179,62180,62182,62184,62186,62188,62190,62192],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,62181,4392],{"class":207},[43,62183,212],{"class":211},[43,62185,3942],{"class":53},[43,62187,82],{"class":81},[43,62189,710],{"class":85},[43,62191,82],{"class":81},[43,62193,3955],{"class":53},[43,62195,62196,62198,62200,62202,62204,62206,62208,62210],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,62197,4436],{"class":207},[43,62199,315],{"class":53},[43,62201,53532],{"class":236},[43,62203,54],{"class":53},[43,62205,82],{"class":81},[43,62207,60649],{"class":85},[43,62209,82],{"class":81},[43,62211,227],{"class":53},[43,62213,62214],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,62215,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,62217,62218,62220,62222,62224],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,62219,50],{"class":49},[43,62221,54],{"class":53},[43,62223,4436],{"class":236},[43,62225,227],{"class":53},[43,62227,62228],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,62229,62230],{"class":3984},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[14,62232,62233,62234,62237,62238,325],{},"If you want ",[18,62235,62236],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[18,62239,52708],{},[34,62241,62243],{"className":36,"code":62242,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[18,62244,62245,62261,62279,62283,62293],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,62246,62247,62249,62251,62253,62255,62257,62259],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,62248,4392],{"class":207},[43,62250,212],{"class":211},[43,62252,3942],{"class":53},[43,62254,82],{"class":81},[43,62256,710],{"class":85},[43,62258,82],{"class":81},[43,62260,3955],{"class":53},[43,62262,62263,62265,62267,62269,62271,62273,62275,62277],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,62264,4436],{"class":207},[43,62266,315],{"class":53},[43,62268,13874],{"class":236},[43,62270,54],{"class":53},[43,62272,82],{"class":81},[43,62274,60649],{"class":85},[43,62276,82],{"class":81},[43,62278,227],{"class":53},[43,62280,62281],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,62282,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,62284,62285,62287,62289,62291],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,62286,50],{"class":49},[43,62288,54],{"class":53},[43,62290,4436],{"class":236},[43,62292,227],{"class":53},[43,62294,62295],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,62296,62297],{"class":3984},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[402,62299,62301],{"id":62300},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[34,62303,62305],{"className":36,"code":62304,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[18,62306,62307,62323],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,62308,62309,62311,62313,62315,62317,62319,62321],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,62310,3937],{"class":207},[43,62312,212],{"class":211},[43,62314,3942],{"class":53},[43,62316,797],{"class":63},[43,62318,800],{"class":53},[43,62320,803],{"class":63},[43,62322,3955],{"class":53},[43,62324,62325,62327,62329,62331,62333,62335],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,62326,3969],{"class":207},[43,62328,315],{"class":53},[43,62330,53532],{"class":236},[43,62332,54],{"class":53},[43,62334,64],{"class":63},[43,62336,227],{"class":53},[14,62338,39980,62339,6876],{},[18,62340,64],{},[14,62342,62343,62344,62346,62347,62350],{},"You will get a ",[18,62345,823],{},". See ",[189,62348,62349],{"href":52655},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[14,62352,62353],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[34,62355,62357],{"className":36,"code":62356,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[18,62358,62359,62369,62383,62395],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,62360,62361,62363,62365,62367],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,62362,50],{"class":49},[43,62364,54],{"class":53},[43,62366,8659],{"class":236},[43,62368,227],{"class":53},[43,62370,62371,62373,62375,62377,62379,62381],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,62372,50],{"class":49},[43,62374,54],{"class":53},[43,62376,248],{"class":57},[43,62378,54],{"class":53},[43,62380,5683],{"class":236},[43,62382,67],{"class":53},[43,62384,62385,62387,62389,62391,62393],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,62386,50],{"class":49},[43,62388,54],{"class":53},[43,62390,1306],{"class":236},[43,62392,1221],{"class":53},[43,62394,227],{"class":207},[43,62396,62397,62399,62401,62403,62405,62407],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,62398,32474],{"class":49},[43,62400,54],{"class":53},[43,62402,849],{"class":57},[43,62404,315],{"class":53},[43,62406,53532],{"class":25074},[43,62408,227],{"class":53},[43632,62410,62411],{},[14,62412,62413,62414,62417,62418,62420,62421,315],{},"Note: ",[18,62415,62416],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[18,62419,1221],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[18,62422,33349],{},[14,62424,62425],{},"Correct debugging example:",[34,62427,62429],{"className":36,"code":62428,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[18,62430,62431,62447,62463,62467,62481,62485,62493,62503,62517,62527],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,62432,62433,62435,62437,62439,62441,62443,62445],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,62434,8628],{"class":207},[43,62436,212],{"class":211},[43,62438,3942],{"class":53},[43,62440,797],{"class":63},[43,62442,800],{"class":53},[43,62444,803],{"class":63},[43,62446,3955],{"class":53},[43,62448,62449,62451,62453,62455,62457,62459,62461],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,62450,4144],{"class":207},[43,62452,212],{"class":211},[43,62454,3942],{"class":53},[43,62456,2409],{"class":63},[43,62458,800],{"class":53},[43,62460,2789],{"class":63},[43,62462,3955],{"class":53},[43,62464,62465],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,62466,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,62468,62469,62471,62473,62475,62477,62479],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,62470,8659],{"class":207},[43,62472,315],{"class":53},[43,62474,53532],{"class":236},[43,62476,54],{"class":53},[43,62478,5683],{"class":236},[43,62480,227],{"class":53},[43,62482,62483],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,62484,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,62486,62487,62489,62491],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,62488,1282],{"class":207},[43,62490,212],{"class":211},[43,62492,48581],{"class":104},[43,62494,62495,62497,62499,62501],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,62496,50],{"class":49},[43,62498,54],{"class":53},[43,62500,8659],{"class":236},[43,62502,227],{"class":53},[43,62504,62505,62507,62509,62511,62513,62515],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,62506,50],{"class":49},[43,62508,54],{"class":53},[43,62510,248],{"class":57},[43,62512,54],{"class":53},[43,62514,5683],{"class":236},[43,62516,67],{"class":53},[43,62518,62519,62521,62523,62525],{"class":45,"line":6756},[43,62520,50],{"class":49},[43,62522,54],{"class":53},[43,62524,1306],{"class":236},[43,62526,227],{"class":53},[43,62528,62529,62531,62533,62535,62537,62539],{"class":45,"line":6761},[43,62530,32474],{"class":49},[43,62532,54],{"class":53},[43,62534,849],{"class":57},[43,62536,315],{"class":53},[43,62538,53532],{"class":25074},[43,62540,227],{"class":53},[29,62542,5284,62544],{"id":62543},"when-to-use-extend",[18,62545,53502],{},[14,62547,133,62548,6644],{},[18,62549,53502],{},[150,62551,62552,62555,62558],{},[153,62553,62554],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[153,62556,62557],{},"Add multiple values at once",[153,62559,62560],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[14,62562,5797],{},[34,62564,62566],{"className":36,"code":62565,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[18,62567,62568,62585,62603,62607,62623,62627,62637],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,62569,62570,62573,62575,62577,62579,62581,62583],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,62571,62572],{"class":207},"all_scores ",[43,62574,212],{"class":211},[43,62576,3942],{"class":53},[43,62578,13823],{"class":63},[43,62580,800],{"class":53},[43,62582,13828],{"class":63},[43,62584,3955],{"class":53},[43,62586,62587,62590,62592,62594,62596,62598,62601],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,62588,62589],{"class":207},"new_scores ",[43,62591,212],{"class":211},[43,62593,3942],{"class":53},[43,62595,51560],{"class":63},[43,62597,800],{"class":53},[43,62599,62600],{"class":63}," 92",[43,62602,3955],{"class":53},[43,62604,62605],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,62606,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,62608,62609,62612,62614,62616,62618,62621],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,62610,62611],{"class":207},"all_scores",[43,62613,315],{"class":53},[43,62615,53532],{"class":236},[43,62617,54],{"class":53},[43,62619,62620],{"class":236},"new_scores",[43,62622,227],{"class":53},[43,62624,62625],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,62626,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,62628,62629,62631,62633,62635],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,62630,50],{"class":49},[43,62632,54],{"class":53},[43,62634,62611],{"class":236},[43,62636,227],{"class":53},[43,62638,62639],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,62640,62641],{"class":3984},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[14,62643,62644,62645,62647,62648,315],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[18,62646,52708],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[189,62649,55576,62650,11055],{"href":53964},[18,62651,54324],{},[29,62653,2162],{"id":2161},[402,62655,13023,62657,55525],{"id":62656},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[18,62658,53403],{},[14,62660,62661,62662,315],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[18,62663,4099],{},[402,62665,5503,62667,895,62669,2822],{"id":62666},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[18,62668,53502],{},[18,62670,52708],{},[14,62672,62673,62675,62676,62678],{},[18,62674,53502],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[18,62677,52708],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[402,62680,28653,62682,62684],{"id":62681},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[18,62683,53502],{}," with a string?",[14,62686,62687],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[402,62689,28653,62691,62693],{"id":62690},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[18,62692,53502],{}," with a tuple?",[14,62695,62696],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[402,62698,62700,62701,2822],{"id":62699},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[18,62702,53502],{},[14,62704,62705,62706,62708],{},"You get a ",[18,62707,823],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[29,62710,2229],{"id":2228},[150,62712,62713,62719,62723,62727,62731,62737,62741],{},[153,62714,62715],{},[189,62716,55576,62717,11055],{"href":56825},[18,62718,52708],{},[153,62720,62721],{},[189,62722,54334],{"href":53104},[153,62724,62725],{},[189,62726,57285],{"href":57210},[153,62728,62729],{},[189,62730,52827],{"href":51034},[153,62732,62733],{},[189,62734,55576,62735,11055],{"href":53964},[18,62736,54324],{},[153,62738,62739],{},[189,62740,62349],{"href":52655},[153,62742,62743],{},[189,62744,55576,62745,11055],{"href":55016},[18,62746,13096],{},[14,62748,62749,62750,62752,62753,62755],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[18,62751,52708],{},", when to use ",[18,62754,54324],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2262,62757,62758],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":62760},[62761,62762,62764,62765,62766,62773,62780,62781,62789,62791,62803],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":61158,"depth":70,"text":62763},"What list.extend() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":61239,"depth":70,"text":61240},{"id":61376,"depth":70,"text":62767,"children":62768},"extend() vs append()",[62769,62771],{"id":61390,"depth":93,"text":62770},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61453,"depth":93,"text":62772},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61539,"depth":70,"text":62774,"children":62775},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62776,62777,62778,62779],{"id":61550,"depth":93,"text":61551},{"id":61614,"depth":93,"text":61615},{"id":61680,"depth":93,"text":61681},{"id":61754,"depth":93,"text":61755},{"id":61814,"depth":70,"text":61815},{"id":4841,"depth":70,"text":4842,"children":62782},[62783,62785,62787,62788],{"id":62026,"depth":93,"text":62784},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62099,"depth":93,"text":62786},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62171,"depth":93,"text":62172},{"id":62300,"depth":93,"text":62301},{"id":62543,"depth":70,"text":62790},"When to use extend()",{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":62792},[62793,62795,62797,62799,62801],{"id":62656,"depth":93,"text":62794},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62666,"depth":93,"text":62796},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62681,"depth":93,"text":62798},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62690,"depth":93,"text":62800},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62699,"depth":93,"text":62802},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61062,"description":62804},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62811,"title":62812,"body":62813,"description":64904,"extension":2312,"meta":64905,"navigation":958,"path":64906,"seo":64907,"stem":64908,"__hash__":64909},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62814,"toc":64867},[62815,62818,62823,62829,62840,62846,62848,62917,62919,62968,62976,62980,62985,62988,62999,63004,63006,63008,63029,63042,63045,63058,63060,63065,63090,63092,63100,63103,63172,63174,63198,63204,63208,63212,63248,63250,63270,63277,63281,63314,63316,63350,63355,63359,63392,63394,63422,63430,63434,63471,63473,63494,63497,63501,63570,63572,63596,63602,63609,63613,63616,63618,63632,63635,63659,63661,63686,63689,63708,63710,63736,63745,63749,63756,63833,63835,63876,63882,63888,63979,63981,64037,64040,64045,64049,64054,64058,64117,64119,64144,64148,64211,64213,64238,64242,64305,64307,64350,64353,64357,64361,64383,64387,64469,64471,64506,64514,64516,64520,64524,64526,64553,64558,64560,64587,64594,64597,64620,64622,64671,64674,64677,64696,64700,64703,64754,64757,64763,64767,64772,64775,64777,64783,64792,64796,64802,64806,64809,64813,64816,64820,64826,64828,64864],[10,62816,62812],{"id":62817},"python-list-function-explained",[14,62819,16,62820,62822],{},[18,62821,25105],{}," function creates a new list.",[14,62824,62825,62826,62828],{},"Beginners usually use ",[18,62827,25105],{}," for two main reasons:",[150,62830,62831,62834],{},[153,62832,62833],{},"to make an empty list",[153,62835,62836,62837,62839],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[18,62838,60056],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[14,62841,62842,62843,62845],{},"This page explains how ",[18,62844,25105],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[29,62847,32],{"id":31},[34,62849,62851],{"className":36,"code":62850,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,62852,62853,62875,62893,62897,62907],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,62854,62855,62857,62859,62861,62863,62865,62867,62869,62871,62873],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,62856,3937],{"class":207},[43,62858,212],{"class":211},[43,62860,22883],{"class":57},[43,62862,5836],{"class":53},[43,62864,797],{"class":63},[43,62866,800],{"class":53},[43,62868,803],{"class":63},[43,62870,800],{"class":53},[43,62872,808],{"class":63},[43,62874,67],{"class":53},[43,62876,62877,62879,62881,62883,62885,62887,62889,62891],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,62878,36414],{"class":207},[43,62880,212],{"class":211},[43,62882,22883],{"class":57},[43,62884,54],{"class":53},[43,62886,82],{"class":81},[43,62888,1596],{"class":85},[43,62890,82],{"class":81},[43,62892,227],{"class":53},[43,62894,62895],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,62896,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,62898,62899,62901,62903,62905],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,62900,50],{"class":49},[43,62902,54],{"class":53},[43,62904,3969],{"class":236},[43,62906,227],{"class":53},[43,62908,62909,62911,62913,62915],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,62910,50],{"class":49},[43,62912,54],{"class":53},[43,62914,36467],{"class":236},[43,62916,227],{"class":53},[14,62918,110],{},[34,62920,62922],{"className":36,"code":62921,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,62923,62924,62940],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,62925,62926,62928,62930,62932,62934,62936,62938],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,62927,4221],{"class":53},[43,62929,797],{"class":63},[43,62931,800],{"class":53},[43,62933,803],{"class":63},[43,62935,800],{"class":53},[43,62937,808],{"class":63},[43,62939,3955],{"class":53},[43,62941,62942,62944,62946,62948,62950,62952,62954,62956,62958,62960,62962,62964,62966],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,62943,4221],{"class":53},[43,62945,283],{"class":81},[43,62947,189],{"class":85},[43,62949,283],{"class":81},[43,62951,800],{"class":53},[43,62953,278],{"class":81},[43,62955,1231],{"class":85},[43,62957,283],{"class":81},[43,62959,800],{"class":53},[43,62961,278],{"class":81},[43,62963,10055],{"class":85},[43,62965,283],{"class":81},[43,62967,3955],{"class":53},[14,62969,133,62970,62972,62973,62975],{},[18,62971,25105],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[18,62974,60056],{},", set, or dictionary.",[29,62977,62979],{"id":62978},"what-list-does","What list() does",[14,62981,62982,62984],{},[18,62983,25105],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[14,62986,62987],{},"It can:",[150,62989,62990,62993,62996],{},[153,62991,62992],{},"create a new list object",[153,62994,62995],{},"make an empty list",[153,62997,62998],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[14,63000,63001,63002,315],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[189,63003,52827],{"href":51034},[29,63005,290],{"id":289},[14,63007,26811],{},[34,63009,63011],{"className":36,"code":63010,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[18,63012,63013,63019],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63014,63015,63017],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63016,849],{"class":57},[43,63018,1728],{"class":53},[43,63020,63021,63023,63025,63027],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,63022,849],{"class":57},[43,63024,54],{"class":53},[43,63026,4042],{"class":236},[43,63028,227],{"class":53},[150,63030,63031,63036],{},[153,63032,63033,63035],{},[18,63034,25105],{}," makes an empty list",[153,63037,63038,63041],{},[18,63039,63040],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[14,63043,63044],{},"Common iterable values include:",[150,63046,63047,63049,63051,63053,63056],{},[153,63048,5633],{},[153,63050,5627],{},[153,63052,5630],{},[153,63054,63055],{},"ranges",[153,63057,7575],{},[29,63059,59678],{"id":59677},[14,63061,133,63062,63064],{},[18,63063,25105],{}," with no arguments:",[34,63066,63068],{"className":36,"code":63067,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[18,63069,63070,63080],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63071,63072,63074,63076,63078],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63073,8104],{"class":207},[43,63075,212],{"class":211},[43,63077,22883],{"class":57},[43,63079,1728],{"class":53},[43,63081,63082,63084,63086,63088],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,63083,50],{"class":49},[43,63085,54],{"class":53},[43,63087,8135],{"class":236},[43,63089,227],{"class":53},[14,63091,110],{},[34,63093,63094],{"className":36,"code":38623,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,63095,63096],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63097,63098],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63099,38623],{"class":53},[14,63101,63102],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[34,63104,63106],{"className":36,"code":63105,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,63107,63108,63118,63122,63140,63158,63162],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63109,63110,63112,63114,63116],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63111,8104],{"class":207},[43,63113,212],{"class":211},[43,63115,22883],{"class":57},[43,63117,1728],{"class":53},[43,63119,63120],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,63121,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,63123,63124,63126,63128,63130,63132,63134,63136,63138],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,63125,8135],{"class":207},[43,63127,315],{"class":53},[43,63129,13874],{"class":236},[43,63131,54],{"class":53},[43,63133,82],{"class":81},[43,63135,4401],{"class":85},[43,63137,82],{"class":81},[43,63139,227],{"class":53},[43,63141,63142,63144,63146,63148,63150,63152,63154,63156],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,63143,8135],{"class":207},[43,63145,315],{"class":53},[43,63147,13874],{"class":236},[43,63149,54],{"class":53},[43,63151,82],{"class":81},[43,63153,4410],{"class":85},[43,63155,82],{"class":81},[43,63157,227],{"class":53},[43,63159,63160],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,63161,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,63163,63164,63166,63168,63170],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,63165,50],{"class":49},[43,63167,54],{"class":53},[43,63169,8135],{"class":236},[43,63171,227],{"class":53},[14,63173,110],{},[34,63175,63176],{"className":36,"code":38749,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,63177,63178],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63179,63180,63182,63184,63186,63188,63190,63192,63194,63196],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63181,4221],{"class":53},[43,63183,283],{"class":81},[43,63185,4401],{"class":85},[43,63187,283],{"class":81},[43,63189,800],{"class":53},[43,63191,278],{"class":81},[43,63193,4410],{"class":85},[43,63195,283],{"class":81},[43,63197,3955],{"class":53},[14,63199,63200,63201,63203],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[18,63202,4108],{},". Both are valid.",[29,63205,63207],{"id":63206},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[402,63209,63211],{"id":63210},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[34,63213,63214],{"className":36,"code":59976,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,63215,63216,63238],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63217,63218,63220,63222,63224,63226,63228,63230,63232,63234,63236],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63219,3937],{"class":207},[43,63221,212],{"class":211},[43,63223,22883],{"class":57},[43,63225,5836],{"class":53},[43,63227,797],{"class":63},[43,63229,800],{"class":53},[43,63231,803],{"class":63},[43,63233,800],{"class":53},[43,63235,808],{"class":63},[43,63237,67],{"class":53},[43,63239,63240,63242,63244,63246],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,63241,50],{"class":49},[43,63243,54],{"class":53},[43,63245,3969],{"class":236},[43,63247,227],{"class":53},[14,63249,110],{},[34,63251,63252],{"className":36,"code":55206,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,63253,63254],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63255,63256,63258,63260,63262,63264,63266,63268],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63257,4221],{"class":53},[43,63259,797],{"class":63},[43,63261,800],{"class":53},[43,63263,803],{"class":63},[43,63265,800],{"class":53},[43,63267,808],{"class":63},[43,63269,3955],{"class":53},[14,63271,63272,63273,315],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[189,63274,63276],{"href":63275},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[402,63278,63280],{"id":63279},"string-to-list","String to list",[34,63282,63284],{"className":36,"code":63283,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,63285,63286,63304],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63287,63288,63290,63292,63294,63296,63298,63300,63302],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63289,36414],{"class":207},[43,63291,212],{"class":211},[43,63293,22883],{"class":57},[43,63295,54],{"class":53},[43,63297,82],{"class":81},[43,63299,37372],{"class":85},[43,63301,82],{"class":81},[43,63303,227],{"class":53},[43,63305,63306,63308,63310,63312],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,63307,50],{"class":49},[43,63309,54],{"class":53},[43,63311,36467],{"class":236},[43,63313,227],{"class":53},[14,63315,110],{},[34,63317,63319],{"className":36,"code":63318,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[18,63320,63321],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63322,63323,63325,63327,63329,63331,63333,63335,63337,63339,63341,63343,63346,63348],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63324,4221],{"class":53},[43,63326,283],{"class":81},[43,63328,10055],{"class":85},[43,63330,283],{"class":81},[43,63332,800],{"class":53},[43,63334,278],{"class":81},[43,63336,189],{"class":85},[43,63338,283],{"class":81},[43,63340,800],{"class":53},[43,63342,278],{"class":81},[43,63344,63345],{"class":85},"t",[43,63347,283],{"class":81},[43,63349,3955],{"class":53},[14,63351,63352,63354],{},[18,63353,25105],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[402,63356,63358],{"id":63357},"range-to-list","Range to list",[34,63360,63362],{"className":36,"code":63361,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,63363,63364,63382],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63365,63366,63368,63370,63372,63374,63376,63378,63380],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63367,3937],{"class":207},[43,63369,212],{"class":211},[43,63371,22883],{"class":57},[43,63373,54],{"class":53},[43,63375,60056],{"class":49},[43,63377,54],{"class":53},[43,63379,64],{"class":63},[43,63381,67],{"class":53},[43,63383,63384,63386,63388,63390],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,63385,50],{"class":49},[43,63387,54],{"class":53},[43,63389,3969],{"class":236},[43,63391,227],{"class":53},[14,63393,110],{},[34,63395,63396],{"className":36,"code":60079,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,63397,63398],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63399,63400,63402,63404,63406,63408,63410,63412,63414,63416,63418,63420],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63401,4221],{"class":53},[43,63403,2466],{"class":63},[43,63405,800],{"class":53},[43,63407,5823],{"class":63},[43,63409,800],{"class":53},[43,63411,803],{"class":63},[43,63413,800],{"class":53},[43,63415,808],{"class":63},[43,63417,800],{"class":53},[43,63419,2789],{"class":63},[43,63421,3955],{"class":53},[14,63423,63424,63425,63429],{},"This is common when working with ",[189,63426,63427],{"href":36519},[18,63428,36522],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[402,63431,63433],{"id":63432},"set-to-list","Set to list",[34,63435,63437],{"className":36,"code":63436,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[18,63438,63439,63461],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63440,63441,63443,63445,63447,63449,63451,63453,63455,63457,63459],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63442,4144],{"class":207},[43,63444,212],{"class":211},[43,63446,22883],{"class":57},[43,63448,5855],{"class":53},[43,63450,512],{"class":63},[43,63452,800],{"class":53},[43,63454,8115],{"class":63},[43,63456,800],{"class":53},[43,63458,8120],{"class":63},[43,63460,30817],{"class":53},[43,63462,63463,63465,63467,63469],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,63464,50],{"class":49},[43,63466,54],{"class":53},[43,63468,5683],{"class":236},[43,63470,227],{"class":53},[14,63472,17281],{},[34,63474,63476],{"className":36,"code":63475,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,63477,63478],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63479,63480,63482,63484,63486,63488,63490,63492],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63481,4221],{"class":53},[43,63483,512],{"class":63},[43,63485,800],{"class":53},[43,63487,8115],{"class":63},[43,63489,800],{"class":53},[43,63491,8120],{"class":63},[43,63493,3955],{"class":53},[14,63495,63496],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[402,63498,63500],{"id":63499},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[34,63502,63504],{"className":36,"code":63503,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,63505,63506,63542,63556,63560],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63507,63508,63510,63512,63514,63516,63518,63520,63522,63524,63526,63528,63530,63532,63534,63536,63538,63540],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63509,13525],{"class":207},[43,63511,212],{"class":211},[43,63513,1649],{"class":53},[43,63515,82],{"class":81},[43,63517,7992],{"class":85},[43,63519,82],{"class":81},[43,63521,325],{"class":53},[43,63523,932],{"class":81},[43,63525,13200],{"class":85},[43,63527,82],{"class":81},[43,63529,800],{"class":53},[43,63531,932],{"class":81},[43,63533,9615],{"class":85},[43,63535,82],{"class":81},[43,63537,325],{"class":53},[43,63539,9622],{"class":63},[43,63541,1667],{"class":53},[43,63543,63544,63546,63548,63550,63552,63554],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,63545,1282],{"class":207},[43,63547,212],{"class":211},[43,63549,22883],{"class":57},[43,63551,54],{"class":53},[43,63553,17630],{"class":236},[43,63555,227],{"class":53},[43,63557,63558],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,63559,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,63561,63562,63564,63566,63568],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,63563,50],{"class":49},[43,63565,54],{"class":53},[43,63567,1306],{"class":236},[43,63569,227],{"class":53},[14,63571,110],{},[34,63573,63574],{"className":36,"code":25804,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,63575,63576],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63577,63578,63580,63582,63584,63586,63588,63590,63592,63594],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63579,4221],{"class":53},[43,63581,283],{"class":81},[43,63583,7992],{"class":85},[43,63585,283],{"class":81},[43,63587,800],{"class":53},[43,63589,278],{"class":81},[43,63591,9615],{"class":85},[43,63593,283],{"class":81},[43,63595,3955],{"class":53},[14,63597,63598,63599,63601],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[18,63600,25105],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[14,63603,63604,63605,315],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[189,63606,63608],{"href":63607},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[29,63610,63612],{"id":63611},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[14,63614,63615],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[14,63617,61213],{},[150,63619,63620,63622,63624,63626,63628,63630],{},[153,63621,5624],{},[153,63623,5627],{},[153,63625,5633],{},[153,63627,5630],{},[153,63629,63055],{},[153,63631,7575],{},[14,63633,63634],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[34,63636,63638],{"className":36,"code":63637,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[18,63639,63640],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63641,63642,63644,63646,63648,63650,63652,63655,63657],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63643,50],{"class":49},[43,63645,54],{"class":53},[43,63647,849],{"class":57},[43,63649,54],{"class":53},[43,63651,82],{"class":81},[43,63653,63654],{"class":85},"hi",[43,63656,82],{"class":81},[43,63658,67],{"class":53},[14,63660,110],{},[34,63662,63664],{"className":36,"code":63663,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['h', 'i']\n",[18,63665,63666],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63667,63668,63670,63672,63674,63676,63678,63680,63682,63684],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63669,4221],{"class":53},[43,63671,283],{"class":81},[43,63673,60496],{"class":85},[43,63675,283],{"class":81},[43,63677,800],{"class":53},[43,63679,278],{"class":81},[43,63681,36478],{"class":85},[43,63683,283],{"class":81},[43,63685,3955],{"class":53},[14,63687,63688],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[34,63690,63692],{"className":36,"code":63691,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(list(5))\n",[18,63693,63694],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63695,63696,63698,63700,63702,63704,63706],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63697,50],{"class":49},[43,63699,54],{"class":53},[43,63701,849],{"class":57},[43,63703,54],{"class":53},[43,63705,64],{"class":63},[43,63707,67],{"class":53},[14,63709,110],{},[34,63711,63713],{"className":36,"code":63712,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[18,63714,63715],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63716,63717,63719,63721,63723,63725,63727,63729,63731,63733],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63718,823],{"class":57},[43,63720,325],{"class":53},[43,63722,278],{"class":81},[43,63724,2069],{"class":85},[43,63726,283],{"class":81},[43,63728,24941],{"class":57},[43,63730,8421],{"class":211},[43,63732,844],{"class":211},[43,63734,63735],{"class":207}," iterable\n",[14,63737,63738,63739,63741,63742,315],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[189,63740,5460],{"href":5912},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[189,63743,63744],{"href":52655},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[29,63746,63748],{"id":63747},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[14,63750,63751,63752,63755],{},"If you already have a list, ",[18,63753,63754],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[34,63757,63759],{"className":36,"code":63758,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[18,63760,63761,63781,63795,63799,63809,63819],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63762,63763,63765,63767,63769,63771,63773,63775,63777,63779],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63764,12404],{"class":207},[43,63766,212],{"class":211},[43,63768,3942],{"class":53},[43,63770,797],{"class":63},[43,63772,800],{"class":53},[43,63774,803],{"class":63},[43,63776,800],{"class":53},[43,63778,808],{"class":63},[43,63780,3955],{"class":53},[43,63782,63783,63785,63787,63789,63791,63793],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,63784,14633],{"class":207},[43,63786,212],{"class":211},[43,63788,22883],{"class":57},[43,63790,54],{"class":53},[43,63792,12451],{"class":236},[43,63794,227],{"class":53},[43,63796,63797],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,63798,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,63800,63801,63803,63805,63807],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,63802,50],{"class":49},[43,63804,54],{"class":53},[43,63806,12451],{"class":236},[43,63808,227],{"class":53},[43,63810,63811,63813,63815,63817],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,63812,50],{"class":49},[43,63814,54],{"class":53},[43,63816,14652],{"class":236},[43,63818,227],{"class":53},[43,63820,63821,63823,63825,63827,63829,63831],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,63822,50],{"class":49},[43,63824,54],{"class":53},[43,63826,12404],{"class":236},[43,63828,12512],{"class":1927},[43,63830,14706],{"class":236},[43,63832,227],{"class":53},[14,63834,110],{},[34,63836,63838],{"className":36,"code":63837,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[18,63839,63840,63856,63872],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63841,63842,63844,63846,63848,63850,63852,63854],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63843,4221],{"class":53},[43,63845,797],{"class":63},[43,63847,800],{"class":53},[43,63849,803],{"class":63},[43,63851,800],{"class":53},[43,63853,808],{"class":63},[43,63855,3955],{"class":53},[43,63857,63858,63860,63862,63864,63866,63868,63870],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,63859,4221],{"class":53},[43,63861,797],{"class":63},[43,63863,800],{"class":53},[43,63865,803],{"class":63},[43,63867,800],{"class":53},[43,63869,808],{"class":63},[43,63871,3955],{"class":53},[43,63873,63874],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,63875,4362],{"class":104},[14,63877,63878,63879,63881],{},"This means ",[18,63880,14652],{}," is a different list object.",[14,63883,63884,63885,63887],{},"However, this is only a ",[913,63886,13170],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[34,63889,63891],{"className":36,"code":63890,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[18,63892,63893,63919,63933,63937,63955,63959,63969],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63894,63895,63897,63899,63901,63903,63905,63907,63909,63911,63913,63915,63917],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63896,12404],{"class":207},[43,63898,212],{"class":211},[43,63900,56350],{"class":53},[43,63902,797],{"class":63},[43,63904,800],{"class":53},[43,63906,803],{"class":63},[43,63908,18384],{"class":53},[43,63910,3942],{"class":53},[43,63912,2409],{"class":63},[43,63914,800],{"class":53},[43,63916,2789],{"class":63},[43,63918,53298],{"class":53},[43,63920,63921,63923,63925,63927,63929,63931],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,63922,14633],{"class":207},[43,63924,212],{"class":211},[43,63926,22883],{"class":57},[43,63928,54],{"class":53},[43,63930,12451],{"class":236},[43,63932,227],{"class":53},[43,63934,63935],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,63936,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,63938,63939,63941,63943,63945,63947,63949,63951,63953],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,63940,14652],{"class":207},[43,63942,4221],{"class":53},[43,63944,2466],{"class":63},[43,63946,13871],{"class":53},[43,63948,13874],{"class":236},[43,63950,54],{"class":53},[43,63952,56403],{"class":63},[43,63954,227],{"class":53},[43,63956,63957],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,63958,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,63960,63961,63963,63965,63967],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,63962,50],{"class":49},[43,63964,54],{"class":53},[43,63966,12451],{"class":236},[43,63968,227],{"class":53},[43,63970,63971,63973,63975,63977],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,63972,50],{"class":49},[43,63974,54],{"class":53},[43,63976,14652],{"class":236},[43,63978,227],{"class":53},[14,63980,110],{},[34,63982,63983],{"className":36,"code":56434,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,63984,63985,64011],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,63986,63987,63989,63991,63993,63995,63997,63999,64001,64003,64005,64007,64009],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,63988,56441],{"class":53},[43,63990,797],{"class":63},[43,63992,800],{"class":53},[43,63994,803],{"class":63},[43,63996,800],{"class":53},[43,63998,10513],{"class":63},[43,64000,18384],{"class":53},[43,64002,3942],{"class":53},[43,64004,2409],{"class":63},[43,64006,800],{"class":53},[43,64008,2789],{"class":63},[43,64010,53298],{"class":53},[43,64012,64013,64015,64017,64019,64021,64023,64025,64027,64029,64031,64033,64035],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,64014,56441],{"class":53},[43,64016,797],{"class":63},[43,64018,800],{"class":53},[43,64020,803],{"class":63},[43,64022,800],{"class":53},[43,64024,10513],{"class":63},[43,64026,18384],{"class":53},[43,64028,3942],{"class":53},[43,64030,2409],{"class":63},[43,64032,800],{"class":53},[43,64034,2789],{"class":63},[43,64036,53298],{"class":53},[14,64038,64039],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[14,64041,64042,64043,315],{},"For more on this, see ",[189,64044,14112],{"href":14111},[29,64046,64048],{"id":64047},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[14,64050,64051,64052,315],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[18,64053,25105],{},[402,64055,64057],{"id":64056},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[34,64059,64061],{"className":36,"code":64060,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[18,64062,64063,64103],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64064,64065,64067,64069,64071,64073,64075,64077,64079,64081,64083,64085,64087,64089,64091,64093,64095,64097,64099,64101],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64066,13183],{"class":207},[43,64068,212],{"class":211},[43,64070,1649],{"class":53},[43,64072,82],{"class":81},[43,64074,7992],{"class":85},[43,64076,82],{"class":81},[43,64078,325],{"class":53},[43,64080,932],{"class":81},[43,64082,8247],{"class":85},[43,64084,82],{"class":81},[43,64086,800],{"class":53},[43,64088,932],{"class":81},[43,64090,20214],{"class":85},[43,64092,82],{"class":81},[43,64094,325],{"class":53},[43,64096,932],{"class":81},[43,64098,22568],{"class":85},[43,64100,82],{"class":81},[43,64102,1667],{"class":53},[43,64104,64105,64107,64109,64111,64113,64115],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,64106,50],{"class":49},[43,64108,54],{"class":53},[43,64110,849],{"class":57},[43,64112,54],{"class":53},[43,64114,13947],{"class":236},[43,64116,67],{"class":53},[14,64118,110],{},[34,64120,64122],{"className":36,"code":64121,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['name', 'grade']\n",[18,64123,64124],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64125,64126,64128,64130,64132,64134,64136,64138,64140,64142],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64127,4221],{"class":53},[43,64129,283],{"class":81},[43,64131,7992],{"class":85},[43,64133,283],{"class":81},[43,64135,800],{"class":53},[43,64137,278],{"class":81},[43,64139,20214],{"class":85},[43,64141,283],{"class":81},[43,64143,3955],{"class":53},[402,64145,64147],{"id":64146},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[34,64149,64151],{"className":36,"code":64150,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[18,64152,64153,64193],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64154,64155,64157,64159,64161,64163,64165,64167,64169,64171,64173,64175,64177,64179,64181,64183,64185,64187,64189,64191],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64156,13183],{"class":207},[43,64158,212],{"class":211},[43,64160,1649],{"class":53},[43,64162,82],{"class":81},[43,64164,7992],{"class":85},[43,64166,82],{"class":81},[43,64168,325],{"class":53},[43,64170,932],{"class":81},[43,64172,8247],{"class":85},[43,64174,82],{"class":81},[43,64176,800],{"class":53},[43,64178,932],{"class":81},[43,64180,20214],{"class":85},[43,64182,82],{"class":81},[43,64184,325],{"class":53},[43,64186,932],{"class":81},[43,64188,22568],{"class":85},[43,64190,82],{"class":81},[43,64192,1667],{"class":53},[43,64194,64195,64197,64199,64201,64203,64205,64207,64209],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,64196,50],{"class":49},[43,64198,54],{"class":53},[43,64200,849],{"class":57},[43,64202,54],{"class":53},[43,64204,13947],{"class":236},[43,64206,315],{"class":53},[43,64208,5683],{"class":236},[43,64210,6616],{"class":53},[14,64212,110],{},[34,64214,64216],{"className":36,"code":64215,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[18,64217,64218],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64219,64220,64222,64224,64226,64228,64230,64232,64234,64236],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64221,4221],{"class":53},[43,64223,283],{"class":81},[43,64225,8247],{"class":85},[43,64227,283],{"class":81},[43,64229,800],{"class":53},[43,64231,278],{"class":81},[43,64233,22568],{"class":85},[43,64235,283],{"class":81},[43,64237,3955],{"class":53},[402,64239,64241],{"id":64240},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[34,64243,64245],{"className":36,"code":64244,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[18,64246,64247,64287],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64248,64249,64251,64253,64255,64257,64259,64261,64263,64265,64267,64269,64271,64273,64275,64277,64279,64281,64283,64285],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64250,13183],{"class":207},[43,64252,212],{"class":211},[43,64254,1649],{"class":53},[43,64256,82],{"class":81},[43,64258,7992],{"class":85},[43,64260,82],{"class":81},[43,64262,325],{"class":53},[43,64264,932],{"class":81},[43,64266,8247],{"class":85},[43,64268,82],{"class":81},[43,64270,800],{"class":53},[43,64272,932],{"class":81},[43,64274,20214],{"class":85},[43,64276,82],{"class":81},[43,64278,325],{"class":53},[43,64280,932],{"class":81},[43,64282,22568],{"class":85},[43,64284,82],{"class":81},[43,64286,1667],{"class":53},[43,64288,64289,64291,64293,64295,64297,64299,64301,64303],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,64290,50],{"class":49},[43,64292,54],{"class":53},[43,64294,849],{"class":57},[43,64296,54],{"class":53},[43,64298,13947],{"class":236},[43,64300,315],{"class":53},[43,64302,8135],{"class":236},[43,64304,6616],{"class":53},[14,64306,110],{},[34,64308,64310],{"className":36,"code":64309,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[18,64311,64312],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64313,64314,64316,64318,64320,64322,64324,64326,64328,64330,64332,64334,64336,64338,64340,64342,64344,64346,64348],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64315,22063],{"class":53},[43,64317,283],{"class":81},[43,64319,7992],{"class":85},[43,64321,283],{"class":81},[43,64323,800],{"class":53},[43,64325,278],{"class":81},[43,64327,8247],{"class":85},[43,64329,283],{"class":81},[43,64331,9549],{"class":53},[43,64333,9552],{"class":53},[43,64335,283],{"class":81},[43,64337,20214],{"class":85},[43,64339,283],{"class":81},[43,64341,800],{"class":53},[43,64343,278],{"class":81},[43,64345,22568],{"class":85},[43,64347,283],{"class":81},[43,64349,9565],{"class":53},[14,64351,64352],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[29,64354,64356],{"id":64355},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[14,64358,133,64359,10916],{},[18,64360,25105],{},[150,64362,64363,64371,64380],{},[153,64364,64365,64366,2172,64368],{},"you need list methods like ",[18,64367,52708],{},[18,64369,64370],{},"sort()",[153,64372,64373,64374,2172,64376,64379],{},"you want to convert ",[18,64375,36522],{},[18,64377,64378],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[153,64381,64382],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[14,64384,46093,64385,325],{},[18,64386,64378],{},[34,64388,64390],{"className":36,"code":64389,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[18,64391,64392,64416,64432,64436,64459],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64393,64394,64396,64398,64400,64402,64404,64406,64408,64410,64412,64414],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64395,5318],{"class":207},[43,64397,212],{"class":211},[43,64399,3942],{"class":53},[43,64401,82],{"class":81},[43,64403,13200],{"class":85},[43,64405,82],{"class":81},[43,64407,800],{"class":53},[43,64409,932],{"class":81},[43,64411,36264],{"class":85},[43,64413,82],{"class":81},[43,64415,3955],{"class":53},[43,64417,64418,64420,64422,64424,64426,64428,64430],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,64419,5387],{"class":207},[43,64421,212],{"class":211},[43,64423,3942],{"class":53},[43,64425,13823],{"class":63},[43,64427,800],{"class":53},[43,64429,13828],{"class":63},[43,64431,3955],{"class":53},[43,64433,64434],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,64435,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,64437,64438,64440,64442,64444,64446,64449,64451,64453,64455,64457],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,64439,9531],{"class":207},[43,64441,212],{"class":211},[43,64443,22883],{"class":57},[43,64445,54],{"class":53},[43,64447,64448],{"class":49},"zip",[43,64450,54],{"class":53},[43,64452,5362],{"class":236},[43,64454,800],{"class":53},[43,64456,5434],{"class":236},[43,64458,67],{"class":53},[43,64460,64461,64463,64465,64467],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,64462,50],{"class":49},[43,64464,54],{"class":53},[43,64466,9578],{"class":236},[43,64468,227],{"class":53},[14,64470,110],{},[34,64472,64474],{"className":36,"code":64473,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[18,64475,64476],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64477,64478,64480,64482,64484,64486,64488,64490,64492,64494,64496,64498,64500,64502,64504],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64479,22063],{"class":53},[43,64481,283],{"class":81},[43,64483,13200],{"class":85},[43,64485,283],{"class":81},[43,64487,800],{"class":53},[43,64489,20221],{"class":63},[43,64491,9549],{"class":53},[43,64493,9552],{"class":53},[43,64495,283],{"class":81},[43,64497,36264],{"class":85},[43,64499,283],{"class":81},[43,64501,800],{"class":53},[43,64503,13828],{"class":63},[43,64505,9565],{"class":53},[14,64507,64508,64509,64511,64512,315],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[18,64510,52708],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[189,64513,53105],{"href":53104},[29,64515,4842],{"id":4841},[14,64517,56832,64518,315],{},[18,64519,25105],{},[402,64521,64523],{"id":64522},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[14,64525,4849],{},[34,64527,64529],{"className":36,"code":64528,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[18,64530,64531,64535],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64532,64533],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64534,4859],{"class":3984},[43,64536,64537,64539,64541,64543,64545,64547,64549,64551],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,64538,849],{"class":57},[43,64540,54],{"class":53},[43,64542,797],{"class":63},[43,64544,800],{"class":53},[43,64546,803],{"class":63},[43,64548,800],{"class":53},[43,64550,808],{"class":63},[43,64552,227],{"class":53},[14,64554,64555,64557],{},[18,64556,25105],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[14,64559,19017],{},[34,64561,64563],{"className":36,"code":64562,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[18,64564,64565],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64566,64567,64569,64571,64573,64575,64577,64579,64581,64583,64585],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64568,50],{"class":49},[43,64570,54],{"class":53},[43,64572,849],{"class":57},[43,64574,5836],{"class":53},[43,64576,797],{"class":63},[43,64578,800],{"class":53},[43,64580,803],{"class":63},[43,64582,800],{"class":53},[43,64584,808],{"class":63},[43,64586,3239],{"class":53},[402,64588,64590,64591],{"id":64589},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[43,64592,64593],{},"\"hello\"",[14,64595,64596],{},"This is a common surprise:",[34,64598,64600],{"className":36,"code":64599,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[18,64601,64602],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64603,64604,64606,64608,64610,64612,64614,64616,64618],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64605,50],{"class":49},[43,64607,54],{"class":53},[43,64609,849],{"class":57},[43,64611,54],{"class":53},[43,64613,82],{"class":81},[43,64615,710],{"class":85},[43,64617,82],{"class":81},[43,64619,67],{"class":53},[14,64621,110],{},[34,64623,64625],{"className":36,"code":64624,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[18,64626,64627],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64628,64629,64631,64633,64635,64637,64639,64641,64643,64645,64647,64649,64651,64653,64655,64657,64659,64661,64663,64665,64667,64669],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64630,4221],{"class":53},[43,64632,283],{"class":81},[43,64634,60496],{"class":85},[43,64636,283],{"class":81},[43,64638,800],{"class":53},[43,64640,278],{"class":81},[43,64642,60505],{"class":85},[43,64644,283],{"class":81},[43,64646,800],{"class":53},[43,64648,278],{"class":81},[43,64650,60514],{"class":85},[43,64652,283],{"class":81},[43,64654,800],{"class":53},[43,64656,278],{"class":81},[43,64658,60514],{"class":85},[43,64660,283],{"class":81},[43,64662,800],{"class":53},[43,64664,278],{"class":81},[43,64666,60531],{"class":85},[43,64668,283],{"class":81},[43,64670,3955],{"class":53},[14,64672,64673],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[14,64675,64676],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[34,64678,64680],{"className":36,"code":64679,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[18,64681,64682],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64683,64684,64686,64688,64690,64692,64694],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64685,50],{"class":49},[43,64687,794],{"class":53},[43,64689,82],{"class":81},[43,64691,710],{"class":85},[43,64693,82],{"class":81},[43,64695,4209],{"class":53},[402,64697,64699],{"id":64698},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[14,64701,64702],{},"This:",[34,64704,64706],{"className":36,"code":64705,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[18,64707,64708,64740],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64709,64710,64712,64714,64716,64718,64720,64722,64724,64726,64728,64730,64732,64734,64736,64738],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64711,9481],{"class":207},[43,64713,212],{"class":211},[43,64715,1649],{"class":53},[43,64717,82],{"class":81},[43,64719,189],{"class":85},[43,64721,82],{"class":81},[43,64723,325],{"class":53},[43,64725,5823],{"class":63},[43,64727,800],{"class":53},[43,64729,932],{"class":81},[43,64731,1231],{"class":85},[43,64733,82],{"class":81},[43,64735,325],{"class":53},[43,64737,803],{"class":63},[43,64739,1667],{"class":53},[43,64741,64742,64744,64746,64748,64750,64752],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,64743,50],{"class":49},[43,64745,54],{"class":53},[43,64747,849],{"class":57},[43,64749,54],{"class":53},[43,64751,9520],{"class":236},[43,64753,67],{"class":53},[14,64755,64756],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[14,64758,133,64759,64762],{},[18,64760,64761],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[402,64764,64766],{"id":64765},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[14,64768,64769,64771],{},[18,64770,25105],{}," copies the outer list only.",[14,64773,64774],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[29,64776,2162],{"id":2161},[402,64778,5503,64780,64782],{"id":64779},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[43,64781],{}," and list()?",[14,64784,64785,64786,64788,64789,64791],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[18,64787,4108],{}," is shorter. ",[18,64790,25105],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[402,64793,64795],{"id":64794},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[14,64797,64798,64799,64801],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[18,64800,25105],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[402,64803,64805],{"id":64804},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[14,64807,64808],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[402,64810,64812],{"id":64811},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[14,64814,64815],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[402,64817,64819],{"id":64818},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[14,64821,64822,64823,64825],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[18,64824,25105],{}," cannot loop through it.",[29,64827,2229],{"id":2228},[150,64829,64830,64834,64839,64843,64847,64851,64855,64860],{},[153,64831,64832],{},[189,64833,52827],{"href":51034},[153,64835,64836],{},[189,64837,64838],{"href":36519},"Python range() function explained",[153,64840,64841],{},[189,64842,63276],{"href":63275},[153,64844,64845],{},[189,64846,63608],{"href":63607},[153,64848,64849],{},[189,64850,5540],{"href":5912},[153,64852,64853],{},[189,64854,14112],{"href":14111},[153,64856,64857],{},[189,64858,64859],{"href":52655},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[153,64861,64862],{},[189,64863,54334],{"href":53104},[2262,64865,64866],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":64868},[64869,64870,64871,64872,64873,64880,64881,64882,64887,64888,64895,64903],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":62978,"depth":70,"text":62979},{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":59677,"depth":70,"text":59678},{"id":63206,"depth":70,"text":63207,"children":64874},[64875,64876,64877,64878,64879],{"id":63210,"depth":93,"text":63211},{"id":63279,"depth":93,"text":63280},{"id":63357,"depth":93,"text":63358},{"id":63432,"depth":93,"text":63433},{"id":63499,"depth":93,"text":63500},{"id":63611,"depth":70,"text":63612},{"id":63747,"depth":70,"text":63748},{"id":64047,"depth":70,"text":64048,"children":64883},[64884,64885,64886],{"id":64056,"depth":93,"text":64057},{"id":64146,"depth":93,"text":64147},{"id":64240,"depth":93,"text":64241},{"id":64355,"depth":70,"text":64356},{"id":4841,"depth":70,"text":4842,"children":64889},[64890,64891,64893,64894],{"id":64522,"depth":93,"text":64523},{"id":64589,"depth":93,"text":64892},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64698,"depth":93,"text":64699},{"id":64765,"depth":93,"text":64766},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":64896},[64897,64899,64900,64901,64902],{"id":64779,"depth":93,"text":64898},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64794,"depth":93,"text":64795},{"id":64804,"depth":93,"text":64805},{"id":64811,"depth":93,"text":64812},{"id":64818,"depth":93,"text":64819},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62812,"description":64904},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64911,"title":64912,"body":64913,"description":66264,"extension":2312,"meta":66265,"navigation":958,"path":66266,"seo":66267,"stem":66268,"__hash__":66269},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64914,"toc":66238},[64915,64920,64926,64935,64937,65010,65019,65024,65028,65044,65048,65050,65052,65071,65074,65102,65105,65130,65138,65140,65145,65152,65154,65211,65213,65221,65227,65231,65234,65307,65309,65317,65320,65343,65350,65356,65360,65366,65437,65439,65447,65456,65463,65470,65478,65622,65624,65641,65644,65683,65686,65690,65695,65697,65756,65762,65765,65872,65874,65889,65892,65899,65901,65905,66053,66056,66117,66120,66123,66144,66149,66153,66164,66167,66169,66174,66177,66185,66190,66196,66199,66205,66213,66215,66235],[10,64916,54398,64918,11638],{"id":64917},"python-list-index-method",[18,64919,59025],{},[14,64921,64922,64925],{},[18,64923,64924],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[14,64927,64928,64929,64932,64933,315],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[913,64930,64931],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[18,64934,690],{},[29,64936,3927],{"id":3926},[34,64938,64940],{"className":36,"code":64939,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[18,64941,64942,64974,64997],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,64943,64944,64946,64948,64950,64952,64954,64956,64958,64960,64962,64964,64966,64968,64970,64972],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,64945,8104],{"class":207},[43,64947,212],{"class":211},[43,64949,3942],{"class":53},[43,64951,82],{"class":81},[43,64953,4401],{"class":85},[43,64955,82],{"class":81},[43,64957,800],{"class":53},[43,64959,932],{"class":81},[43,64961,4410],{"class":85},[43,64963,82],{"class":81},[43,64965,800],{"class":53},[43,64967,932],{"class":81},[43,64969,4419],{"class":85},[43,64971,82],{"class":81},[43,64973,3955],{"class":53},[43,64975,64976,64979,64981,64983,64985,64987,64989,64991,64993,64995],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,64977,64978],{"class":207},"position ",[43,64980,212],{"class":211},[43,64982,6292],{"class":207},[43,64984,315],{"class":53},[43,64986,36169],{"class":236},[43,64988,54],{"class":53},[43,64990,82],{"class":81},[43,64992,4410],{"class":85},[43,64994,82],{"class":81},[43,64996,227],{"class":53},[43,64998,64999,65001,65003,65006,65008],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,65000,50],{"class":49},[43,65002,54],{"class":53},[43,65004,65005],{"class":236},"position",[43,65007,1221],{"class":53},[43,65009,28104],{"class":3984},[14,65011,133,65012,65015,65016,65018],{},[18,65013,65014],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[18,65017,690],{}," if the item is not found.",[29,65020,3998,65022,4001],{"id":65021},"what-listindex-does",[18,65023,64924],{},[14,65025,65026,325],{},[18,65027,64924],{},[150,65029,65030,65033,65036,65041],{},[153,65031,65032],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[153,65034,65035],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[153,65037,65038,65039],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[18,65040,2466],{},[153,65042,65043],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[14,65045,54623,65046,315],{},[189,65047,52827],{"href":54626},[29,65049,290],{"id":289},[14,65051,31046],{},[34,65053,65055],{"className":36,"code":65054,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list.index(value)\n",[18,65056,65057],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65058,65059,65061,65063,65065,65067,65069],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65060,8659],{"class":207},[43,65062,315],{"class":53},[43,65064,36169],{"class":236},[43,65066,54],{"class":53},[43,65068,307],{"class":236},[43,65070,227],{"class":53},[14,65072,65073],{},"You can also limit the search:",[34,65075,65077],{"className":36,"code":65076,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,65078,65079],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65080,65081,65083,65085,65087,65089,65091,65093,65095,65097,65100],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65082,8659],{"class":207},[43,65084,315],{"class":53},[43,65086,36169],{"class":236},[43,65088,54],{"class":53},[43,65090,307],{"class":236},[43,65092,800],{"class":53},[43,65094,36375],{"class":236},[43,65096,800],{"class":53},[43,65098,65099],{"class":236}," end",[43,65101,227],{"class":53},[14,65103,65104],{},"Here is what each part means:",[150,65106,65107,65112,65117,65122],{},[153,65108,65109,65111],{},[18,65110,307],{},": the item to search for",[153,65113,65114,65116],{},[18,65115,36396],{},": where the search begins",[153,65118,65119,65121],{},[18,65120,52716],{},": where the search stops",[153,65123,65124,5106,65126,65129],{},[18,65125,52716],{},[913,65127,65128],{},"not included"," in the search range",[14,65131,65132,65133,65135,65136,315],{},"This means Python searches from ",[18,65134,36396],{}," up to, but not including, ",[18,65137,52716],{},[29,65139,38346],{"id":38345},[14,65141,65142,65144],{},[18,65143,64924],{}," returns an integer.",[14,65146,65147,65148,65151],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[913,65149,65150],{},"first match"," in the list.",[14,65153,197],{},[34,65155,65157],{"className":36,"code":65156,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,65158,65159,65179,65197,65201],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65160,65161,65163,65165,65167,65169,65171,65173,65175,65177],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65162,3937],{"class":207},[43,65164,212],{"class":211},[43,65166,3942],{"class":53},[43,65168,512],{"class":63},[43,65170,800],{"class":53},[43,65172,8115],{"class":63},[43,65174,800],{"class":53},[43,65176,8120],{"class":63},[43,65178,3955],{"class":53},[43,65180,65181,65183,65185,65187,65189,65191,65193,65195],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,65182,1282],{"class":207},[43,65184,212],{"class":211},[43,65186,4586],{"class":207},[43,65188,315],{"class":53},[43,65190,36169],{"class":236},[43,65192,54],{"class":53},[43,65194,16076],{"class":63},[43,65196,227],{"class":53},[43,65198,65199],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,65200,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,65202,65203,65205,65207,65209],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,65204,50],{"class":49},[43,65206,54],{"class":53},[43,65208,1306],{"class":236},[43,65210,227],{"class":53},[14,65212,110],{},[34,65214,65215],{"className":36,"code":46970,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,65216,65217],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65218,65219],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65220,46970],{"class":63},[14,65222,65223,65224,65226],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[18,65225,59025],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[29,65228,65230],{"id":65229},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[14,65232,65233],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[34,65235,65237],{"className":36,"code":65236,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[18,65238,65239,65271,65293,65297],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65240,65241,65243,65245,65247,65249,65251,65253,65255,65257,65259,65261,65263,65265,65267,65269],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65242,36563],{"class":207},[43,65244,212],{"class":211},[43,65246,3942],{"class":53},[43,65248,82],{"class":81},[43,65250,4401],{"class":85},[43,65252,82],{"class":81},[43,65254,800],{"class":53},[43,65256,932],{"class":81},[43,65258,4410],{"class":85},[43,65260,82],{"class":81},[43,65262,800],{"class":53},[43,65264,932],{"class":81},[43,65266,4419],{"class":85},[43,65268,82],{"class":81},[43,65270,3955],{"class":53},[43,65272,65273,65275,65277,65279,65281,65283,65285,65287,65289,65291],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,65274,64978],{"class":207},[43,65276,212],{"class":211},[43,65278,52907],{"class":207},[43,65280,315],{"class":53},[43,65282,36169],{"class":236},[43,65284,54],{"class":53},[43,65286,82],{"class":81},[43,65288,4419],{"class":85},[43,65290,82],{"class":81},[43,65292,227],{"class":53},[43,65294,65295],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,65296,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,65298,65299,65301,65303,65305],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,65300,50],{"class":49},[43,65302,54],{"class":53},[43,65304,65005],{"class":236},[43,65306,227],{"class":53},[14,65308,110],{},[34,65310,65311],{"className":36,"code":17379,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,65312,65313],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65314,65315],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65316,17379],{"class":63},[14,65318,65319],{},"In this list:",[150,65321,65322,65329,65336],{},[153,65323,65324,65326,65327],{},[18,65325,57890],{}," is at index ",[18,65328,2466],{},[153,65330,65331,65326,65334],{},[18,65332,65333],{},"\"banana\"",[18,65335,797],{},[153,65337,65338,65326,65341],{},[18,65339,65340],{},"\"cherry\"",[18,65342,447],{},[14,65344,53709,65345,2733,65348,315],{},[18,65346,65347],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[18,65349,447],{},[14,65351,51598,65352,315],{},[189,65353,65355],{"href":65354},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[29,65357,65359],{"id":65358},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[14,65361,65362,65363,65365],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[18,65364,59025],{}," returns the first match only.",[34,65367,65369],{"className":36,"code":65368,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[18,65370,65371,65411,65415],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65372,65373,65375,65377,65379,65381,65383,65385,65387,65389,65391,65393,65395,65397,65399,65401,65403,65405,65407,65409],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65374,13396],{"class":207},[43,65376,212],{"class":211},[43,65378,3942],{"class":53},[43,65380,82],{"class":81},[43,65382,13413],{"class":85},[43,65384,82],{"class":81},[43,65386,800],{"class":53},[43,65388,932],{"class":81},[43,65390,13430],{"class":85},[43,65392,82],{"class":81},[43,65394,800],{"class":53},[43,65396,932],{"class":81},[43,65398,13413],{"class":85},[43,65400,82],{"class":81},[43,65402,800],{"class":53},[43,65404,932],{"class":81},[43,65406,17777],{"class":85},[43,65408,82],{"class":81},[43,65410,3955],{"class":53},[43,65412,65413],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,65414,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,65416,65417,65419,65421,65423,65425,65427,65429,65431,65433,65435],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,65418,50],{"class":49},[43,65420,54],{"class":53},[43,65422,17824],{"class":236},[43,65424,315],{"class":53},[43,65426,36169],{"class":236},[43,65428,54],{"class":53},[43,65430,82],{"class":81},[43,65432,13413],{"class":85},[43,65434,82],{"class":81},[43,65436,67],{"class":53},[14,65438,110],{},[34,65440,65441],{"className":36,"code":47305,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,65442,65443],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65444,65445],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65446,47305],{"class":63},[14,65448,21301,65449,65452,65453,65455],{},[18,65450,65451],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[18,65454,2466],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[14,65457,65458,65459,315],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[189,65460,55576,65461,11055],{"href":59084},[18,65462,57347],{},[29,65464,8738,65466,895,65468],{"id":65465},"using-start-and-end",[18,65467,36396],{},[18,65469,52716],{},[14,65471,65472,65473,895,65475,65477],{},"The optional ",[18,65474,36396],{},[18,65476,52716],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[34,65479,65481],{"className":36,"code":65480,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[18,65482,65483,65531,65535,65560,65589],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65484,65485,65487,65489,65491,65493,65495,65497,65499,65501,65503,65505,65507,65509,65511,65513,65515,65517,65519,65521,65523,65525,65527,65529],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65486,36414],{"class":207},[43,65488,212],{"class":211},[43,65490,3942],{"class":53},[43,65492,82],{"class":81},[43,65494,189],{"class":85},[43,65496,82],{"class":81},[43,65498,800],{"class":53},[43,65500,932],{"class":81},[43,65502,1231],{"class":85},[43,65504,82],{"class":81},[43,65506,800],{"class":53},[43,65508,932],{"class":81},[43,65510,10055],{"class":85},[43,65512,82],{"class":81},[43,65514,800],{"class":53},[43,65516,932],{"class":81},[43,65518,1231],{"class":85},[43,65520,82],{"class":81},[43,65522,800],{"class":53},[43,65524,932],{"class":81},[43,65526,19090],{"class":85},[43,65528,82],{"class":81},[43,65530,3955],{"class":53},[43,65532,65533],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,65534,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,65536,65537,65539,65541,65543,65545,65547,65549,65551,65553,65555,65557],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,65538,50],{"class":49},[43,65540,54],{"class":53},[43,65542,36467],{"class":236},[43,65544,315],{"class":53},[43,65546,36169],{"class":236},[43,65548,54],{"class":53},[43,65550,82],{"class":81},[43,65552,1231],{"class":85},[43,65554,82],{"class":81},[43,65556,5686],{"class":53},[43,65558,65559],{"class":3984},"        # first match\n",[43,65561,65562,65564,65566,65568,65570,65572,65574,65576,65578,65580,65582,65584,65586],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,65563,50],{"class":49},[43,65565,54],{"class":53},[43,65567,36467],{"class":236},[43,65569,315],{"class":53},[43,65571,36169],{"class":236},[43,65573,54],{"class":53},[43,65575,82],{"class":81},[43,65577,1231],{"class":85},[43,65579,82],{"class":81},[43,65581,800],{"class":53},[43,65583,803],{"class":63},[43,65585,5686],{"class":53},[43,65587,65588],{"class":3984},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[43,65590,65591,65593,65595,65597,65599,65601,65603,65605,65607,65609,65611,65613,65615,65617,65619],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,65592,50],{"class":49},[43,65594,54],{"class":53},[43,65596,36467],{"class":236},[43,65598,315],{"class":53},[43,65600,36169],{"class":236},[43,65602,54],{"class":53},[43,65604,82],{"class":81},[43,65606,1231],{"class":85},[43,65608,82],{"class":81},[43,65610,800],{"class":53},[43,65612,5823],{"class":63},[43,65614,800],{"class":53},[43,65616,2789],{"class":63},[43,65618,5686],{"class":53},[43,65620,65621],{"class":3984},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[14,65623,110],{},[34,65625,65627],{"className":36,"code":65626,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"1\n3\n1\n",[18,65628,65629,65633,65637],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65630,65631],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65632,46970],{"class":63},[43,65634,65635],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,65636,46670],{"class":63},[43,65638,65639],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,65640,46970],{"class":63},[14,65642,65643],{},"How this works:",[150,65645,65646,65658,65671],{},[153,65647,65648,65651,65652,65655,65656],{},[18,65649,65650],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[18,65653,65654],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[18,65657,797],{},[153,65659,65660,65663,65664,65666,65667,65655,65669],{},[18,65661,65662],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[18,65665,447],{},", so it finds the next ",[18,65668,65654],{},[18,65670,2409],{},[153,65672,65673,65676,65677,2534,65679,17395,65681],{},[18,65674,65675],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[18,65678,797],{},[18,65680,447],{},[18,65682,2409],{},[14,65684,65685],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[29,65687,65689],{"id":65688},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[14,65691,65692,65693,315],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[18,65694,690],{},[14,65696,197],{},[34,65698,65700],{"className":36,"code":65699,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[18,65701,65702,65734],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65703,65704,65706,65708,65710,65712,65714,65716,65718,65720,65722,65724,65726,65728,65730,65732],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65705,8104],{"class":207},[43,65707,212],{"class":211},[43,65709,3942],{"class":53},[43,65711,82],{"class":81},[43,65713,4401],{"class":85},[43,65715,82],{"class":81},[43,65717,800],{"class":53},[43,65719,932],{"class":81},[43,65721,4410],{"class":85},[43,65723,82],{"class":81},[43,65725,800],{"class":53},[43,65727,932],{"class":81},[43,65729,4419],{"class":85},[43,65731,82],{"class":81},[43,65733,3955],{"class":53},[43,65735,65736,65738,65740,65742,65744,65746,65748,65750,65752,65754],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,65737,50],{"class":49},[43,65739,54],{"class":53},[43,65741,8135],{"class":236},[43,65743,315],{"class":53},[43,65745,36169],{"class":236},[43,65747,54],{"class":53},[43,65749,82],{"class":81},[43,65751,33543],{"class":85},[43,65753,82],{"class":81},[43,65755,67],{"class":53},[14,65757,39980,65758,65761],{},[18,65759,65760],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[14,65763,65764],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[34,65766,65768],{"className":36,"code":65767,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[18,65769,65770,65802,65815,65819,65832,65851,65857],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65771,65772,65774,65776,65778,65780,65782,65784,65786,65788,65790,65792,65794,65796,65798,65800],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65773,8104],{"class":207},[43,65775,212],{"class":211},[43,65777,3942],{"class":53},[43,65779,82],{"class":81},[43,65781,4401],{"class":85},[43,65783,82],{"class":81},[43,65785,800],{"class":53},[43,65787,932],{"class":81},[43,65789,4410],{"class":85},[43,65791,82],{"class":81},[43,65793,800],{"class":53},[43,65795,932],{"class":81},[43,65797,4419],{"class":85},[43,65799,82],{"class":81},[43,65801,3955],{"class":53},[43,65803,65804,65807,65809,65811,65813],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,65805,65806],{"class":207},"search_value ",[43,65808,212],{"class":211},[43,65810,932],{"class":81},[43,65812,33543],{"class":85},[43,65814,938],{"class":81},[43,65816,65817],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,65818,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,65820,65821,65823,65826,65828,65830],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,65822,7323],{"class":1927},[43,65824,65825],{"class":207}," search_value ",[43,65827,4203],{"class":211},[43,65829,6292],{"class":207},[43,65831,1931],{"class":53},[43,65833,65834,65836,65838,65840,65842,65844,65846,65849],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,65835,1951],{"class":49},[43,65837,54],{"class":53},[43,65839,8135],{"class":236},[43,65841,315],{"class":53},[43,65843,36169],{"class":236},[43,65845,54],{"class":53},[43,65847,65848],{"class":236},"search_value",[43,65850,67],{"class":53},[43,65852,65853,65855],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,65854,27758],{"class":1927},[43,65856,1931],{"class":53},[43,65858,65859,65861,65863,65865,65868,65870],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,65860,1951],{"class":49},[43,65862,54],{"class":53},[43,65864,82],{"class":81},[43,65866,65867],{"class":85},"Item not found",[43,65869,82],{"class":81},[43,65871,227],{"class":53},[14,65873,110],{},[34,65875,65877],{"className":36,"code":65876,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Item not found\n",[18,65878,65879],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65880,65881,65884,65886],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65882,65883],{"class":207},"Item ",[43,65885,734],{"class":211},[43,65887,65888],{"class":207}," found\n",[14,65890,65891],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[14,65893,65894,65895,315],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[189,65896,65898],{"href":65897},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[29,65900,4842],{"id":4841},[14,65902,21535,65903,325],{},[18,65904,64924],{},[150,65906,65907,65925,65937,65997],{},[153,65908,26098,65909,2733,65911,65914,65915,65917,65918,5484,65920,65922,65923,315],{},[18,65910,59025],{},[18,65912,65913],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10162,65916],{},"\nPython does ",[913,65919,734],{},[18,65921,65913],{},". It raises ",[18,65924,690],{},[153,65926,65927,65928,65930,65933,65934,65936],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10162,65929],{},[18,65931,65932],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[18,65935,65333],{},", not the value itself.",[153,65938,8738,65939,11407,65942,65944,65946,65947,16978,65949,65972,16966,65974],{},[18,65940,65941],{},"index[]",[18,65943,59025],{},[10162,65945],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10162,65948],{},[34,65950,65952],{"className":36,"code":65951,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[18,65953,65954],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65955,65956,65958,65960,65962,65964,65966,65968,65970],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65957,8135],{"class":207},[43,65959,315],{"class":53},[43,65961,36169],{"class":236},[43,65963,54],{"class":53},[43,65965,82],{"class":81},[43,65967,4410],{"class":85},[43,65969,82],{"class":81},[43,65971,227],{"class":53},[10162,65973],{},[34,65975,65977],{"className":36,"code":65976,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[18,65978,65979],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,65980,65981,65983,65985,65987,65989,65991,65993,65995],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,65982,8135],{"class":207},[43,65984,315],{"class":53},[43,65986,36169],{"class":25074},[43,65988,4221],{"class":53},[43,65990,82],{"class":81},[43,65992,4410],{"class":85},[43,65994,82],{"class":81},[43,65996,3955],{"class":53},[153,65998,65999,66000,66002,895,66005,66007,66008],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10162,66001],{},[18,66003,66004],{},"\"3\"",[18,66006,2409],{}," are different values in Python.",[34,66009,66011],{"className":36,"code":66010,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[18,66012,66013,66033],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,66014,66015,66017,66019,66021,66023,66025,66027,66029,66031],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,66016,3937],{"class":207},[43,66018,212],{"class":211},[43,66020,3942],{"class":53},[43,66022,797],{"class":63},[43,66024,800],{"class":53},[43,66026,803],{"class":63},[43,66028,800],{"class":53},[43,66030,808],{"class":63},[43,66032,3955],{"class":53},[43,66034,66035,66037,66039,66041,66043,66045,66047,66049,66051],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,66036,50],{"class":49},[43,66038,54],{"class":53},[43,66040,82],{"class":81},[43,66042,2409],{"class":85},[43,66044,82],{"class":81},[43,66046,21497],{"class":1927},[43,66048,4586],{"class":236},[43,66050,1221],{"class":53},[43,66052,5094],{"class":3984},[14,66054,66055],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[34,66057,66059],{"className":36,"code":66058,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[18,66060,66061,66071,66085,66099],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,66062,66063,66065,66067,66069],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,66064,50],{"class":49},[43,66066,54],{"class":53},[43,66068,8659],{"class":236},[43,66070,227],{"class":53},[43,66072,66073,66075,66077,66079,66081,66083],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,66074,50],{"class":49},[43,66076,54],{"class":53},[43,66078,248],{"class":57},[43,66080,54],{"class":53},[43,66082,65848],{"class":236},[43,66084,67],{"class":53},[43,66086,66087,66089,66091,66093,66095,66097],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,66088,50],{"class":49},[43,66090,54],{"class":53},[43,66092,65806],{"class":236},[43,66094,4203],{"class":1927},[43,66096,8716],{"class":236},[43,66098,227],{"class":53},[43,66100,66101,66103,66105,66107,66109,66111,66113,66115],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,66102,50],{"class":49},[43,66104,54],{"class":53},[43,66106,8659],{"class":236},[43,66108,315],{"class":53},[43,66110,36169],{"class":236},[43,66112,54],{"class":53},[43,66114,65848],{"class":236},[43,66116,67],{"class":53},[14,66118,66119],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[14,66121,66122],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[150,66124,66125,66128,66135,66141],{},[153,66126,66127],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[153,66129,66130,66131,11407,66133],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[18,66132,66004],{},[18,66134,2409],{},[153,66136,66137,66138,66140],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[18,66139,59025],{}," returns only the first one",[153,66142,66143],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[29,66145,5284,66147],{"id":66146},"when-to-use-index",[18,66148,59025],{},[14,66150,133,66151,10916],{},[18,66152,59025],{},[150,66154,66155,66158,66161],{},[153,66156,66157],{},"You need the position of a known value",[153,66159,66160],{},"You are working with a small list",[153,66162,66163],{},"You only need the first matching position",[14,66165,66166],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[29,66168,2162],{"id":2161},[402,66170,5466,66172,5469],{"id":66171},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[18,66173,64924],{},[14,66175,66176],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[402,66178,13023,66180,5484,66182,66184],{"id":66179},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[18,66181,64924],{},[18,66183,65913],{}," if the value is not found?",[14,66186,66187,66188,6956],{},"No. It raises ",[18,66189,690],{},[402,66191,5493,66193,66195],{"id":66192},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[18,66194,64924],{}," find all matching items?",[14,66197,66198],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[402,66200,66202,66203,2822],{"id":66201},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[18,66204,59025],{},[14,66206,66207,66208,895,66210,66212],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[18,66209,36396],{},[18,66211,52716],{}," arguments.",[29,66214,2229],{"id":2228},[150,66216,66217,66221,66225,66229],{},[153,66218,66219],{},[189,66220,59013],{"href":65354},[153,66222,66223],{},[189,66224,52827],{"href":54626},[153,66226,66227],{},[189,66228,65898],{"href":65897},[153,66230,66231],{},[189,66232,55576,66233,11055],{"href":59084},[18,66234,57347],{},[2262,66236,66237],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":66239},[66240,66241,66243,66244,66245,66246,66247,66249,66250,66251,66253,66263],{"id":3926,"depth":70,"text":3927},{"id":65021,"depth":70,"text":66242},"What list.index() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":38345,"depth":70,"text":38346},{"id":65229,"depth":70,"text":65230},{"id":65358,"depth":70,"text":65359},{"id":65465,"depth":70,"text":66248},"Using start and end",{"id":65688,"depth":70,"text":65689},{"id":4841,"depth":70,"text":4842},{"id":66146,"depth":70,"text":66252},"When to use index()",{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":66254},[66255,66257,66259,66261],{"id":66171,"depth":93,"text":66256},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66179,"depth":93,"text":66258},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66192,"depth":93,"text":66260},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66201,"depth":93,"text":66262},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64912,"description":66264},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66271,"title":66272,"body":66273,"description":68215,"extension":2312,"meta":68216,"navigation":958,"path":68217,"seo":68218,"stem":68219,"__hash__":68220},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66274,"toc":68175},[66275,66280,66285,66288,66297,66354,66360,66365,66369,66383,66389,66391,66414,66431,66433,66494,66496,66528,66541,66543,66546,66646,66648,66726,66732,66736,66744,66748,66754,66809,66811,66835,66839,66842,66895,66897,66921,66925,66928,66981,66983,67007,67011,67017,67088,67090,67131,67137,67144,67147,67152,67160,67165,67173,67175,67272,67274,67343,67350,67355,67357,67361,67366,67368,67439,67441,67470,67476,67478,67505,67508,67531,67535,67538,67560,67563,67586,67588,67648,67650,67682,67688,67693,67746,67748,67773,67776,67825,67827,67848,67852,67857,67860,67915,67917,67944,67951,67955,67960,68031,68034,68048,68053,68058,68060,68074,68086,68091,68093,68098,68103,68107,68110,68116,68122,68129,68137,68139,68172],[10,66276,54398,66278,11638],{"id":66277},"python-list-insert-method",[18,66279,54324],{},[14,66281,66282,66284],{},[18,66283,53967],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[14,66286,66287],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[14,66289,133,66290,66292,66293,315],{},[18,66291,54324],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[189,66294,55576,66295,11055],{"href":56825},[18,66296,52708],{},[34,66298,66300],{"className":36,"code":66299,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,66301,66302,66322,66340,66350],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,66303,66304,66306,66308,66310,66312,66314,66316,66318,66320],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,66305,3937],{"class":207},[43,66307,212],{"class":211},[43,66309,3942],{"class":53},[43,66311,797],{"class":63},[43,66313,800],{"class":53},[43,66315,803],{"class":63},[43,66317,800],{"class":53},[43,66319,2789],{"class":63},[43,66321,3955],{"class":53},[43,66323,66324,66326,66328,66330,66332,66334,66336,66338],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,66325,3969],{"class":207},[43,66327,315],{"class":53},[43,66329,54007],{"class":236},[43,66331,54],{"class":53},[43,66333,447],{"class":63},[43,66335,800],{"class":53},[43,66337,808],{"class":63},[43,66339,227],{"class":53},[43,66341,66342,66344,66346,66348],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,66343,50],{"class":49},[43,66345,54],{"class":53},[43,66347,3969],{"class":236},[43,66349,227],{"class":53},[43,66351,66352],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,66353,52779],{"class":3984},[14,66355,133,66356,66359],{},[18,66357,66358],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[29,66361,3998,66363,4001],{"id":66362},"what-listinsert-does",[18,66364,53967],{},[14,66366,66367,325],{},[18,66368,53967],{},[150,66370,66371,66374,66377,66379],{},[153,66372,66373],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[153,66375,66376],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[153,66378,54484],{},[153,66380,11740,66381],{},[18,66382,4099],{},[14,66384,66385,66386,66388],{},"That last point is important. ",[18,66387,54324],{}," does not create a new list.",[29,66390,5756],{"id":5755},[34,66392,66394],{"className":36,"code":66393,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[18,66395,66396],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,66397,66398,66400,66402,66404,66406,66408,66410,66412],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,66399,8659],{"class":207},[43,66401,315],{"class":53},[43,66403,54007],{"class":236},[43,66405,54],{"class":53},[43,66407,36169],{"class":236},[43,66409,800],{"class":53},[43,66411,29831],{"class":236},[43,66413,227],{"class":53},[150,66415,66416,66421,66426],{},[153,66417,66418,66420],{},[18,66419,36169],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[153,66422,66423,66425],{},[18,66424,23634],{}," is the value to add",[153,66427,66428,66429],{},"The first list position is index ",[18,66430,2466],{},[14,66432,197],{},[34,66434,66436],{"className":36,"code":66435,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,66437,66438,66462,66484],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,66439,66440,66442,66444,66446,66448,66450,66452,66454,66456,66458,66460],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,66441,36414],{"class":207},[43,66443,212],{"class":211},[43,66445,3942],{"class":53},[43,66447,82],{"class":81},[43,66449,189],{"class":85},[43,66451,82],{"class":81},[43,66453,800],{"class":53},[43,66455,932],{"class":81},[43,66457,10055],{"class":85},[43,66459,82],{"class":81},[43,66461,3955],{"class":53},[43,66463,66464,66466,66468,66470,66472,66474,66476,66478,66480,66482],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,66465,36467],{"class":207},[43,66467,315],{"class":53},[43,66469,54007],{"class":236},[43,66471,54],{"class":53},[43,66473,797],{"class":63},[43,66475,800],{"class":53},[43,66477,932],{"class":81},[43,66479,1231],{"class":85},[43,66481,82],{"class":81},[43,66483,227],{"class":53},[43,66485,66486,66488,66490,66492],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,66487,50],{"class":49},[43,66489,54],{"class":53},[43,66491,36467],{"class":236},[43,66493,227],{"class":53},[14,66495,110],{},[34,66497,66498],{"className":36,"code":42927,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,66499,66500],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,66501,66502,66504,66506,66508,66510,66512,66514,66516,66518,66520,66522,66524,66526],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,66503,4221],{"class":53},[43,66505,283],{"class":81},[43,66507,189],{"class":85},[43,66509,283],{"class":81},[43,66511,800],{"class":53},[43,66513,278],{"class":81},[43,66515,1231],{"class":85},[43,66517,283],{"class":81},[43,66519,800],{"class":53},[43,66521,278],{"class":81},[43,66523,10055],{"class":85},[43,66525,283],{"class":81},[43,66527,3955],{"class":53},[14,66529,21094,66530,66532,66533,66535,66536,895,66538,315],{},[18,66531,65654],{}," is inserted at index ",[18,66534,797],{},", so it appears between ",[18,66537,18418],{},[18,66539,66540],{},"\"c\"",[29,66542,6113],{"id":6112},[14,66544,66545],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[34,66547,66549],{"className":36,"code":66548,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[18,66550,66551,66583,66601,66605,66627],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,66552,66553,66555,66557,66559,66561,66563,66565,66567,66569,66571,66573,66575,66577,66579,66581],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,66554,13396],{"class":207},[43,66556,212],{"class":211},[43,66558,3942],{"class":53},[43,66560,82],{"class":81},[43,66562,13413],{"class":85},[43,66564,82],{"class":81},[43,66566,800],{"class":53},[43,66568,932],{"class":81},[43,66570,13430],{"class":85},[43,66572,82],{"class":81},[43,66574,800],{"class":53},[43,66576,932],{"class":81},[43,66578,17777],{"class":85},[43,66580,82],{"class":81},[43,66582,3955],{"class":53},[43,66584,66585,66587,66589,66591,66593,66595,66597,66599],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,66586,50],{"class":49},[43,66588,54],{"class":53},[43,66590,82],{"class":81},[43,66592,11881],{"class":85},[43,66594,82],{"class":81},[43,66596,800],{"class":53},[43,66598,13444],{"class":236},[43,66600,227],{"class":53},[43,66602,66603],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,66604,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,66606,66607,66609,66611,66613,66615,66617,66619,66621,66623,66625],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,66608,17824],{"class":207},[43,66610,315],{"class":53},[43,66612,54007],{"class":236},[43,66614,54],{"class":53},[43,66616,797],{"class":63},[43,66618,800],{"class":53},[43,66620,932],{"class":81},[43,66622,22847],{"class":85},[43,66624,82],{"class":81},[43,66626,227],{"class":53},[43,66628,66629,66631,66633,66635,66638,66640,66642,66644],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,66630,50],{"class":49},[43,66632,54],{"class":53},[43,66634,82],{"class":81},[43,66636,66637],{"class":85},"After: ",[43,66639,82],{"class":81},[43,66641,800],{"class":53},[43,66643,13444],{"class":236},[43,66645,227],{"class":53},[14,66647,110],{},[34,66649,66651],{"className":36,"code":66650,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,66652,66653,66685],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,66654,66655,66657,66659,66661,66663,66665,66667,66669,66671,66673,66675,66677,66679,66681,66683],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,66656,11941],{"class":207},[43,66658,325],{"class":53},[43,66660,3942],{"class":53},[43,66662,283],{"class":81},[43,66664,13413],{"class":85},[43,66666,283],{"class":81},[43,66668,800],{"class":53},[43,66670,278],{"class":81},[43,66672,13430],{"class":85},[43,66674,283],{"class":81},[43,66676,800],{"class":53},[43,66678,278],{"class":81},[43,66680,17777],{"class":85},[43,66682,283],{"class":81},[43,66684,3955],{"class":53},[43,66686,66687,66689,66691,66694,66696,66698,66700,66702,66704,66706,66708,66710,66712,66714,66716,66718,66720,66722,66724],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,66688,11994],{"class":207},[43,66690,325],{"class":53},[43,66692,66693],{"class":53},"  [",[43,66695,283],{"class":81},[43,66697,13413],{"class":85},[43,66699,283],{"class":81},[43,66701,800],{"class":53},[43,66703,278],{"class":81},[43,66705,22847],{"class":85},[43,66707,283],{"class":81},[43,66709,800],{"class":53},[43,66711,278],{"class":81},[43,66713,13430],{"class":85},[43,66715,283],{"class":81},[43,66717,800],{"class":53},[43,66719,278],{"class":81},[43,66721,17777],{"class":85},[43,66723,283],{"class":81},[43,66725,3955],{"class":53},[14,66727,66728,66729,66731],{},"The new value appears at index ",[18,66730,797],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[29,66733,66735],{"id":66734},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[14,66737,1073,66738,35652,66740,66743],{},[18,66739,36169],{},[18,66741,66742],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[402,66745,66747],{"id":66746},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[14,66749,66750,66751,66753],{},"Use index ",[18,66752,2466],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[34,66755,66757],{"className":36,"code":66756,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,66758,66759,66780,66799],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,66760,66761,66764,66766,66768,66770,66772,66774,66776,66778],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,66762,66763],{"class":207},"nums ",[43,66765,212],{"class":211},[43,66767,3942],{"class":53},[43,66769,447],{"class":63},[43,66771,800],{"class":53},[43,66773,808],{"class":63},[43,66775,800],{"class":53},[43,66777,2789],{"class":63},[43,66779,3955],{"class":53},[43,66781,66782,66785,66787,66789,66791,66793,66795,66797],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,66783,66784],{"class":207},"nums",[43,66786,315],{"class":53},[43,66788,54007],{"class":236},[43,66790,54],{"class":53},[43,66792,2466],{"class":63},[43,66794,800],{"class":53},[43,66796,5823],{"class":63},[43,66798,227],{"class":53},[43,66800,66801,66803,66805,66807],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,66802,50],{"class":49},[43,66804,54],{"class":53},[43,66806,66784],{"class":236},[43,66808,227],{"class":53},[14,66810,110],{},[34,66812,66813],{"className":36,"code":53561,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,66814,66815],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,66816,66817,66819,66821,66823,66825,66827,66829,66831,66833],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,66818,4221],{"class":53},[43,66820,797],{"class":63},[43,66822,800],{"class":53},[43,66824,803],{"class":63},[43,66826,800],{"class":53},[43,66828,808],{"class":63},[43,66830,800],{"class":53},[43,66832,2789],{"class":63},[43,66834,3955],{"class":53},[402,66836,66838],{"id":66837},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[14,66840,66841],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[34,66843,66845],{"className":36,"code":66844,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,66846,66847,66867,66885],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,66848,66849,66851,66853,66855,66857,66859,66861,66863,66865],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,66850,66763],{"class":207},[43,66852,212],{"class":211},[43,66854,3942],{"class":53},[43,66856,797],{"class":63},[43,66858,800],{"class":53},[43,66860,803],{"class":63},[43,66862,800],{"class":53},[43,66864,2789],{"class":63},[43,66866,3955],{"class":53},[43,66868,66869,66871,66873,66875,66877,66879,66881,66883],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,66870,66784],{"class":207},[43,66872,315],{"class":53},[43,66874,54007],{"class":236},[43,66876,54],{"class":53},[43,66878,447],{"class":63},[43,66880,800],{"class":53},[43,66882,808],{"class":63},[43,66884,227],{"class":53},[43,66886,66887,66889,66891,66893],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,66888,50],{"class":49},[43,66890,54],{"class":53},[43,66892,66784],{"class":236},[43,66894,227],{"class":53},[14,66896,110],{},[34,66898,66899],{"className":36,"code":53561,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,66900,66901],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,66902,66903,66905,66907,66909,66911,66913,66915,66917,66919],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,66904,4221],{"class":53},[43,66906,797],{"class":63},[43,66908,800],{"class":53},[43,66910,803],{"class":63},[43,66912,800],{"class":53},[43,66914,808],{"class":63},[43,66916,800],{"class":53},[43,66918,2789],{"class":63},[43,66920,3955],{"class":53},[402,66922,66924],{"id":66923},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[14,66926,66927],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[34,66929,66931],{"className":36,"code":66930,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,66932,66933,66953,66971],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,66934,66935,66937,66939,66941,66943,66945,66947,66949,66951],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,66936,66763],{"class":207},[43,66938,212],{"class":211},[43,66940,3942],{"class":53},[43,66942,797],{"class":63},[43,66944,800],{"class":53},[43,66946,803],{"class":63},[43,66948,800],{"class":53},[43,66950,808],{"class":63},[43,66952,3955],{"class":53},[43,66954,66955,66957,66959,66961,66963,66965,66967,66969],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,66956,66784],{"class":207},[43,66958,315],{"class":53},[43,66960,54007],{"class":236},[43,66962,54],{"class":53},[43,66964,512],{"class":63},[43,66966,800],{"class":53},[43,66968,2789],{"class":63},[43,66970,227],{"class":53},[43,66972,66973,66975,66977,66979],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,66974,50],{"class":49},[43,66976,54],{"class":53},[43,66978,66784],{"class":236},[43,66980,227],{"class":53},[14,66982,110],{},[34,66984,66985],{"className":36,"code":53561,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,66986,66987],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,66988,66989,66991,66993,66995,66997,66999,67001,67003,67005],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,66990,4221],{"class":53},[43,66992,797],{"class":63},[43,66994,800],{"class":53},[43,66996,803],{"class":63},[43,66998,800],{"class":53},[43,67000,808],{"class":63},[43,67002,800],{"class":53},[43,67004,2789],{"class":63},[43,67006,3955],{"class":53},[402,67008,67010],{"id":67009},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[14,67012,67013,67014,67016],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[18,67015,54324],{}," places the item before that position.",[34,67018,67020],{"className":36,"code":67019,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,67021,67022,67054,67078],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67023,67024,67026,67028,67030,67032,67034,67036,67038,67040,67042,67044,67046,67048,67050,67052],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67025,36414],{"class":207},[43,67027,212],{"class":211},[43,67029,3942],{"class":53},[43,67031,82],{"class":81},[43,67033,189],{"class":85},[43,67035,82],{"class":81},[43,67037,800],{"class":53},[43,67039,932],{"class":81},[43,67041,1231],{"class":85},[43,67043,82],{"class":81},[43,67045,800],{"class":53},[43,67047,932],{"class":81},[43,67049,19090],{"class":85},[43,67051,82],{"class":81},[43,67053,3955],{"class":53},[43,67055,67056,67058,67060,67062,67064,67066,67068,67070,67072,67074,67076],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,67057,36467],{"class":207},[43,67059,315],{"class":53},[43,67061,54007],{"class":236},[43,67063,54],{"class":53},[43,67065,444],{"class":211},[43,67067,797],{"class":63},[43,67069,800],{"class":53},[43,67071,932],{"class":81},[43,67073,10055],{"class":85},[43,67075,82],{"class":81},[43,67077,227],{"class":53},[43,67079,67080,67082,67084,67086],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,67081,50],{"class":49},[43,67083,54],{"class":53},[43,67085,36467],{"class":236},[43,67087,227],{"class":53},[14,67089,110],{},[34,67091,67093],{"className":36,"code":67092,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,67094,67095],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67096,67097,67099,67101,67103,67105,67107,67109,67111,67113,67115,67117,67119,67121,67123,67125,67127,67129],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67098,4221],{"class":53},[43,67100,283],{"class":81},[43,67102,189],{"class":85},[43,67104,283],{"class":81},[43,67106,800],{"class":53},[43,67108,278],{"class":81},[43,67110,1231],{"class":85},[43,67112,283],{"class":81},[43,67114,800],{"class":53},[43,67116,278],{"class":81},[43,67118,10055],{"class":85},[43,67120,283],{"class":81},[43,67122,800],{"class":53},[43,67124,278],{"class":81},[43,67126,19090],{"class":85},[43,67128,283],{"class":81},[43,67130,3955],{"class":53},[14,67132,67133,67134,2643],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[189,67135,67136],{"href":51034},"Python lists beginner guide",[29,67138,67140,10901,67142],{"id":67139},"insert-vs-append",[18,67141,54324],{},[18,67143,52708],{},[14,67145,67146],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[402,67148,133,67150,10916],{"id":67149},"use-insert-when",[18,67151,54324],{},[150,67153,67154,67157],{},[153,67155,67156],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[153,67158,67159],{},"The order of the list matters",[402,67161,133,67163,10916],{"id":67162},"use-append-when",[18,67164,52708],{},[150,67166,67167,67170],{},[153,67168,67169],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[153,67171,67172],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[14,67174,197],{},[34,67176,67178],{"className":36,"code":67177,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,67179,67180,67204,67208,67230,67240,67244,67262],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67181,67182,67184,67186,67188,67190,67192,67194,67196,67198,67200,67202],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67183,8104],{"class":207},[43,67185,212],{"class":211},[43,67187,3942],{"class":53},[43,67189,82],{"class":81},[43,67191,4401],{"class":85},[43,67193,82],{"class":81},[43,67195,800],{"class":53},[43,67197,932],{"class":81},[43,67199,33543],{"class":85},[43,67201,82],{"class":81},[43,67203,3955],{"class":53},[43,67205,67206],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,67207,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,67209,67210,67212,67214,67216,67218,67220,67222,67224,67226,67228],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,67211,8135],{"class":207},[43,67213,315],{"class":53},[43,67215,54007],{"class":236},[43,67217,54],{"class":53},[43,67219,797],{"class":63},[43,67221,800],{"class":53},[43,67223,932],{"class":81},[43,67225,4410],{"class":85},[43,67227,82],{"class":81},[43,67229,227],{"class":53},[43,67231,67232,67234,67236,67238],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,67233,50],{"class":49},[43,67235,54],{"class":53},[43,67237,8135],{"class":236},[43,67239,227],{"class":53},[43,67241,67242],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,67243,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,67245,67246,67248,67250,67252,67254,67256,67258,67260],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,67247,8135],{"class":207},[43,67249,315],{"class":53},[43,67251,13874],{"class":236},[43,67253,54],{"class":53},[43,67255,82],{"class":81},[43,67257,22856],{"class":85},[43,67259,82],{"class":81},[43,67261,227],{"class":53},[43,67263,67264,67266,67268,67270],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,67265,50],{"class":49},[43,67267,54],{"class":53},[43,67269,8135],{"class":236},[43,67271,227],{"class":53},[14,67273,110],{},[34,67275,67277],{"className":36,"code":67276,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[18,67278,67279,67307],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67280,67281,67283,67285,67287,67289,67291,67293,67295,67297,67299,67301,67303,67305],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67282,4221],{"class":53},[43,67284,283],{"class":81},[43,67286,4401],{"class":85},[43,67288,283],{"class":81},[43,67290,800],{"class":53},[43,67292,278],{"class":81},[43,67294,4410],{"class":85},[43,67296,283],{"class":81},[43,67298,800],{"class":53},[43,67300,278],{"class":81},[43,67302,33543],{"class":85},[43,67304,283],{"class":81},[43,67306,3955],{"class":53},[43,67308,67309,67311,67313,67315,67317,67319,67321,67323,67325,67327,67329,67331,67333,67335,67337,67339,67341],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,67310,4221],{"class":53},[43,67312,283],{"class":81},[43,67314,4401],{"class":85},[43,67316,283],{"class":81},[43,67318,800],{"class":53},[43,67320,278],{"class":81},[43,67322,4410],{"class":85},[43,67324,283],{"class":81},[43,67326,800],{"class":53},[43,67328,278],{"class":81},[43,67330,33543],{"class":85},[43,67332,283],{"class":81},[43,67334,800],{"class":53},[43,67336,278],{"class":81},[43,67338,22856],{"class":85},[43,67340,283],{"class":81},[43,67342,3955],{"class":53},[14,67344,67345,67346,315],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[189,67347,55576,67348,11055],{"href":56825},[18,67349,52708],{},[14,67351,67352,67353,315],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[189,67354,53105],{"href":53104},[29,67356,4842],{"id":4841},[14,67358,15055,67359,315],{},[18,67360,54324],{},[402,67362,12913,67364],{"id":67363},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[18,67365,54324],{},[14,67367,26014],{},[34,67369,67371],{"className":36,"code":67370,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67372,67373,67393,67415,67419,67429],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67374,67375,67377,67379,67381,67383,67385,67387,67389,67391],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67376,3937],{"class":207},[43,67378,212],{"class":211},[43,67380,3942],{"class":53},[43,67382,797],{"class":63},[43,67384,800],{"class":53},[43,67386,803],{"class":63},[43,67388,800],{"class":53},[43,67390,808],{"class":63},[43,67392,3955],{"class":53},[43,67394,67395,67397,67399,67401,67403,67405,67407,67409,67411,67413],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,67396,1282],{"class":207},[43,67398,212],{"class":211},[43,67400,4586],{"class":207},[43,67402,315],{"class":53},[43,67404,54007],{"class":236},[43,67406,54],{"class":53},[43,67408,797],{"class":63},[43,67410,800],{"class":53},[43,67412,10513],{"class":63},[43,67414,227],{"class":53},[43,67416,67417],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,67418,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,67420,67421,67423,67425,67427],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,67422,50],{"class":49},[43,67424,54],{"class":53},[43,67426,1306],{"class":236},[43,67428,227],{"class":53},[43,67430,67431,67433,67435,67437],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,67432,50],{"class":49},[43,67434,54],{"class":53},[43,67436,3969],{"class":236},[43,67438,227],{"class":53},[14,67440,110],{},[34,67442,67444],{"className":36,"code":67443,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[18,67445,67446,67450],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67447,67448],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67449,12126],{"class":104},[43,67451,67452,67454,67456,67458,67460,67462,67464,67466,67468],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,67453,4221],{"class":53},[43,67455,797],{"class":63},[43,67457,800],{"class":53},[43,67459,10513],{"class":63},[43,67461,800],{"class":53},[43,67463,803],{"class":63},[43,67465,800],{"class":53},[43,67467,808],{"class":63},[43,67469,3955],{"class":53},[14,67471,67472,54209,67474,315],{},[18,67473,54324],{},[18,67475,4099],{},[14,67477,16966],{},[34,67479,67481],{"className":36,"code":67480,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[18,67482,67483],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67484,67485,67487,67489,67491,67493,67495,67497,67499,67501,67503],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67486,55946],{"class":207},[43,67488,212],{"class":211},[43,67490,4586],{"class":207},[43,67492,315],{"class":53},[43,67494,54007],{"class":236},[43,67496,54],{"class":53},[43,67498,797],{"class":63},[43,67500,800],{"class":53},[43,67502,10513],{"class":63},[43,67504,227],{"class":53},[14,67506,67507],{},"Right:",[34,67509,67511],{"className":36,"code":67510,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[18,67512,67513],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67514,67515,67517,67519,67521,67523,67525,67527,67529],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67516,3969],{"class":207},[43,67518,315],{"class":53},[43,67520,54007],{"class":236},[43,67522,54],{"class":53},[43,67524,797],{"class":63},[43,67526,800],{"class":53},[43,67528,10513],{"class":63},[43,67530,227],{"class":53},[402,67532,67534],{"id":67533},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[14,67536,67537],{},"The correct order is:",[34,67539,67540],{"className":36,"code":66393,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,67541,67542],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67543,67544,67546,67548,67550,67552,67554,67556,67558],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67545,8659],{"class":207},[43,67547,315],{"class":53},[43,67549,54007],{"class":236},[43,67551,54],{"class":53},[43,67553,36169],{"class":236},[43,67555,800],{"class":53},[43,67557,29831],{"class":236},[43,67559,227],{"class":53},[14,67561,67562],{},"Not:",[34,67564,67566],{"className":36,"code":67565,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[18,67567,67568],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67569,67570,67572,67574,67576,67578,67580,67582,67584],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67571,8659],{"class":207},[43,67573,315],{"class":53},[43,67575,54007],{"class":236},[43,67577,54],{"class":53},[43,67579,23634],{"class":236},[43,67581,800],{"class":53},[43,67583,36144],{"class":236},[43,67585,227],{"class":53},[14,67587,197],{},[34,67589,67590],{"className":36,"code":66435,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,67591,67592,67616,67638],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67593,67594,67596,67598,67600,67602,67604,67606,67608,67610,67612,67614],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67595,36414],{"class":207},[43,67597,212],{"class":211},[43,67599,3942],{"class":53},[43,67601,82],{"class":81},[43,67603,189],{"class":85},[43,67605,82],{"class":81},[43,67607,800],{"class":53},[43,67609,932],{"class":81},[43,67611,10055],{"class":85},[43,67613,82],{"class":81},[43,67615,3955],{"class":53},[43,67617,67618,67620,67622,67624,67626,67628,67630,67632,67634,67636],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,67619,36467],{"class":207},[43,67621,315],{"class":53},[43,67623,54007],{"class":236},[43,67625,54],{"class":53},[43,67627,797],{"class":63},[43,67629,800],{"class":53},[43,67631,932],{"class":81},[43,67633,1231],{"class":85},[43,67635,82],{"class":81},[43,67637,227],{"class":53},[43,67639,67640,67642,67644,67646],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,67641,50],{"class":49},[43,67643,54],{"class":53},[43,67645,36467],{"class":236},[43,67647,227],{"class":53},[14,67649,110],{},[34,67651,67652],{"className":36,"code":42927,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,67653,67654],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67655,67656,67658,67660,67662,67664,67666,67668,67670,67672,67674,67676,67678,67680],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67657,4221],{"class":53},[43,67659,283],{"class":81},[43,67661,189],{"class":85},[43,67663,283],{"class":81},[43,67665,800],{"class":53},[43,67667,278],{"class":81},[43,67669,1231],{"class":85},[43,67671,283],{"class":81},[43,67673,800],{"class":53},[43,67675,278],{"class":81},[43,67677,10055],{"class":85},[43,67679,283],{"class":81},[43,67681,3955],{"class":53},[402,67683,8773,67685,67687],{"id":67684},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[18,67686,54324],{}," to replace an item",[14,67689,67690,67692],{},[18,67691,54324],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[34,67694,67696],{"className":36,"code":67695,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67697,67698,67718,67736],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67699,67700,67702,67704,67706,67708,67710,67712,67714,67716],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67701,3937],{"class":207},[43,67703,212],{"class":211},[43,67705,3942],{"class":53},[43,67707,797],{"class":63},[43,67709,800],{"class":53},[43,67711,803],{"class":63},[43,67713,800],{"class":53},[43,67715,808],{"class":63},[43,67717,3955],{"class":53},[43,67719,67720,67722,67724,67726,67728,67730,67732,67734],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,67721,3969],{"class":207},[43,67723,315],{"class":53},[43,67725,54007],{"class":236},[43,67727,54],{"class":53},[43,67729,797],{"class":63},[43,67731,800],{"class":53},[43,67733,10513],{"class":63},[43,67735,227],{"class":53},[43,67737,67738,67740,67742,67744],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,67739,50],{"class":49},[43,67741,54],{"class":53},[43,67743,3969],{"class":236},[43,67745,227],{"class":53},[14,67747,110],{},[34,67749,67751],{"className":36,"code":67750,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[18,67752,67753],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67754,67755,67757,67759,67761,67763,67765,67767,67769,67771],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67756,4221],{"class":53},[43,67758,797],{"class":63},[43,67760,800],{"class":53},[43,67762,10513],{"class":63},[43,67764,800],{"class":53},[43,67766,803],{"class":63},[43,67768,800],{"class":53},[43,67770,808],{"class":63},[43,67772,3955],{"class":53},[14,67774,67775],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[34,67777,67779],{"className":36,"code":67778,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67780,67781,67801,67815],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67782,67783,67785,67787,67789,67791,67793,67795,67797,67799],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67784,3937],{"class":207},[43,67786,212],{"class":211},[43,67788,3942],{"class":53},[43,67790,797],{"class":63},[43,67792,800],{"class":53},[43,67794,803],{"class":63},[43,67796,800],{"class":53},[43,67798,808],{"class":63},[43,67800,3955],{"class":53},[43,67802,67803,67805,67807,67809,67811,67813],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,67804,3969],{"class":207},[43,67806,4221],{"class":53},[43,67808,797],{"class":63},[43,67810,13594],{"class":53},[43,67812,13597],{"class":211},[43,67814,14452],{"class":63},[43,67816,67817,67819,67821,67823],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,67818,50],{"class":49},[43,67820,54],{"class":53},[43,67822,3969],{"class":236},[43,67824,227],{"class":53},[14,67826,110],{},[34,67828,67830],{"className":36,"code":67829,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[18,67831,67832],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67833,67834,67836,67838,67840,67842,67844,67846],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67835,4221],{"class":53},[43,67837,797],{"class":63},[43,67839,800],{"class":53},[43,67841,10513],{"class":63},[43,67843,800],{"class":53},[43,67845,808],{"class":63},[43,67847,3955],{"class":53},[402,67849,67851],{"id":67850},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[14,67853,67854,67856],{},[18,67855,54324],{}," adds one item each time.",[14,67858,67859],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[34,67861,67863],{"className":36,"code":67862,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67864,67865,67881,67905],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67866,67867,67869,67871,67873,67875,67877,67879],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67868,3937],{"class":207},[43,67870,212],{"class":211},[43,67872,3942],{"class":53},[43,67874,797],{"class":63},[43,67876,800],{"class":53},[43,67878,2789],{"class":63},[43,67880,3955],{"class":53},[43,67882,67883,67885,67887,67889,67891,67893,67895,67897,67899,67901,67903],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,67884,3969],{"class":207},[43,67886,315],{"class":53},[43,67888,54007],{"class":236},[43,67890,54],{"class":53},[43,67892,797],{"class":63},[43,67894,800],{"class":53},[43,67896,3942],{"class":53},[43,67898,447],{"class":63},[43,67900,800],{"class":53},[43,67902,808],{"class":63},[43,67904,4209],{"class":53},[43,67906,67907,67909,67911,67913],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,67908,50],{"class":49},[43,67910,54],{"class":53},[43,67912,3969],{"class":236},[43,67914,227],{"class":53},[14,67916,110],{},[34,67918,67920],{"className":36,"code":67919,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[18,67921,67922],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67923,67924,67926,67928,67930,67932,67934,67936,67938,67940,67942],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67925,4221],{"class":53},[43,67927,797],{"class":63},[43,67929,800],{"class":53},[43,67931,3942],{"class":53},[43,67933,447],{"class":63},[43,67935,800],{"class":53},[43,67937,808],{"class":63},[43,67939,18384],{"class":53},[43,67941,2789],{"class":63},[43,67943,3955],{"class":53},[14,67945,67946,67947,315],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[189,67948,55576,67949,11055],{"href":53400},[18,67950,53502],{},[402,67952,67954],{"id":67953},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[14,67956,9194,67957,67959],{},[18,67958,54324],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[34,67961,67963],{"className":36,"code":67962,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[18,67964,67965,67975,67989,68007,68021],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,67966,67967,67969,67971,67973],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,67968,50],{"class":49},[43,67970,54],{"class":53},[43,67972,8659],{"class":236},[43,67974,227],{"class":53},[43,67976,67977,67979,67981,67983,67985,67987],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,67978,50],{"class":49},[43,67980,54],{"class":53},[43,67982,11477],{"class":49},[43,67984,54],{"class":53},[43,67986,8659],{"class":236},[43,67988,67],{"class":53},[43,67990,67991,67993,67995,67997,67999,68001,68003,68005],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,67992,50],{"class":49},[43,67994,54],{"class":53},[43,67996,8659],{"class":236},[43,67998,315],{"class":53},[43,68000,54007],{"class":25074},[43,68002,315],{"class":53},[43,68004,34769],{"class":34776},[43,68006,227],{"class":53},[43,68008,68009,68011,68013,68015,68017,68019],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,68010,32474],{"class":49},[43,68012,54],{"class":53},[43,68014,849],{"class":57},[43,68016,315],{"class":53},[43,68018,54007],{"class":25074},[43,68020,227],{"class":53},[43,68022,68023,68025,68027,68029],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,68024,248],{"class":57},[43,68026,54],{"class":53},[43,68028,8659],{"class":236},[43,68030,227],{"class":53},[14,68032,68033],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[150,68035,68036,68039,68042,68045],{},[153,68037,68038],{},"What is currently in the list",[153,68040,68041],{},"How long the list is",[153,68043,68044],{},"That you are working with a real list",[153,68046,68047],{},"How Python describes the method",[29,68049,5284,68051],{"id":68050},"when-to-use-insert",[18,68052,54324],{},[14,68054,133,68055,68057],{},[18,68056,54324],{}," when position matters.",[14,68059,36750],{},[150,68061,68062,68065,68068,68071],{},[153,68063,68064],{},"Ordered menus",[153,68066,68067],{},"Rankings or score lists",[153,68069,68070],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[153,68072,68073],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[14,68075,68076,68077,68079,68080,68082,68083,68085],{},"You usually do ",[913,68078,734],{}," need ",[18,68081,54324],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[18,68084,52708],{}," is simpler.",[14,68087,68088,68089,315],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[189,68090,57211],{"href":57210},[29,68092,2162],{"id":2161},[402,68094,13023,68096,55525],{"id":68095},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[18,68097,53967],{},[14,68099,68100,68101,315],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[18,68102,4099],{},[402,68104,68106],{"id":68105},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[14,68108,68109],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[402,68111,5493,68113,68115],{"id":68112},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[18,68114,53967],{}," add multiple items?",[14,68117,68118,68119,68121],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[18,68120,53502],{}," or slicing.",[402,68123,5503,68125,895,68127,2822],{"id":68124},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[18,68126,54324],{},[18,68128,52708],{},[14,68130,68131,68133,68134,68136],{},[18,68132,54324],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[18,68135,52708],{}," adds only at the end.",[29,68138,2229],{"id":2228},[150,68140,68141,68147,68153,68157,68161,68165],{},[153,68142,68143],{},[189,68144,55576,68145,11055],{"href":56825},[18,68146,52708],{},[153,68148,68149],{},[189,68150,55576,68151,11055],{"href":53400},[18,68152,53502],{},[153,68154,68155],{},[189,68156,54334],{"href":53104},[153,68158,68159],{},[189,68160,52827],{"href":51034},[153,68162,68163],{},[189,68164,57285],{"href":57210},[153,68166,68167],{},[189,68168,30668,68169,33956],{"href":54352},[18,68170,68171],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2262,68173,68174],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":68176},[68177,68179,68180,68181,68187,68194,68203,68205,68214],{"id":66362,"depth":70,"text":68178},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5755,"depth":70,"text":5756},{"id":6112,"depth":70,"text":6113},{"id":66734,"depth":70,"text":66735,"children":68182},[68183,68184,68185,68186],{"id":66746,"depth":93,"text":66747},{"id":66837,"depth":93,"text":66838},{"id":66923,"depth":93,"text":66924},{"id":67009,"depth":93,"text":67010},{"id":67139,"depth":70,"text":68188,"children":68189},"insert() vs append()",[68190,68192],{"id":67149,"depth":93,"text":68191},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67162,"depth":93,"text":68193},"Use append() when:",{"id":4841,"depth":70,"text":4842,"children":68195},[68196,68198,68199,68201,68202],{"id":67363,"depth":93,"text":68197},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67533,"depth":93,"text":67534},{"id":67684,"depth":93,"text":68200},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67850,"depth":93,"text":67851},{"id":67953,"depth":93,"text":67954},{"id":68050,"depth":70,"text":68204},"When to use insert()",{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":68206},[68207,68209,68210,68212],{"id":68095,"depth":93,"text":68208},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68105,"depth":93,"text":68106},{"id":68112,"depth":93,"text":68211},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68124,"depth":93,"text":68213},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66272,"description":68215},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68222,"title":68223,"body":68224,"description":69779,"extension":2312,"meta":69780,"navigation":958,"path":59030,"seo":69781,"stem":69782,"__hash__":69783},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68225,"toc":69752},[68226,68232,68241,68290,68292,68300,68306,68308,68326,68332,68337,68340,68343,68358,68360,68412,68414,68422,68430,68437,68439,68445,68510,68512,68520,68522,68541,68544,68595,68599,68604,68631,68633,68641,68644,68713,68715,68730,68736,68740,68749,68752,68807,68809,68817,68820,68822,68867,68869,68877,68883,68885,68893,68896,68898,68937,68939,68978,68983,68985,68987,69022,69025,69027,69065,69069,69075,69077,69128,69130,69138,69145,69148,69169,69172,69227,69238,69240,69301,69303,69312,69319,69325,69328,69331,69388,69391,69404,69411,69417,69423,69425,69438,69441,69538,69540,69557,69560,69642,69644,69666,69673,69679,69681,69685,69691,69697,69702,69706,69709,69715,69722,69724,69749],[10,68227,68229,68230,1221],{"id":68228},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[18,68231,11477],{},[14,68233,68234,68235,68237,68238,68240],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[18,68236,42412],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[18,68239,42412],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[34,68242,68244],{"className":36,"code":68243,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[18,68245,68246,68266,68280],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68247,68248,68250,68252,68254,68256,68258,68260,68262,68264],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68249,3937],{"class":207},[43,68251,212],{"class":211},[43,68253,3942],{"class":53},[43,68255,512],{"class":63},[43,68257,800],{"class":53},[43,68259,8115],{"class":63},[43,68261,800],{"class":53},[43,68263,8120],{"class":63},[43,68265,3955],{"class":53},[43,68267,68268,68270,68272,68274,68276,68278],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,68269,1272],{"class":207},[43,68271,212],{"class":211},[43,68273,38712],{"class":49},[43,68275,54],{"class":53},[43,68277,3969],{"class":236},[43,68279,227],{"class":53},[43,68281,68282,68284,68286,68288],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,68283,50],{"class":49},[43,68285,54],{"class":53},[43,68287,1291],{"class":236},[43,68289,227],{"class":53},[14,68291,110],{},[34,68293,68294],{"className":36,"code":46670,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,68295,68296],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68297,68298],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68299,46670],{"class":63},[14,68301,133,68302,68305],{},[18,68303,68304],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[29,68307,15485],{"id":15484},[150,68309,68310,68315,68320,68323],{},[153,68311,4521,68312,68314],{},[18,68313,42412],{}," works with Python lists",[153,68316,68317,68318,12023],{},"What value ",[18,68319,42412],{},[153,68321,68322],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[153,68324,68325],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[29,68327,3998,68329,68331],{"id":68328},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[18,68330,42412],{}," returns for a list",[14,68333,68334,65144],{},[18,68335,68336],{},"len(my_list)",[14,68338,68339],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[14,68341,68342],{},"A few important points:",[150,68344,68345,68348,68353],{},[153,68346,68347],{},"It counts list items",[153,68349,911,68350,68352],{},[913,68351,734],{}," count characters inside a string item",[153,68354,68355,68356],{},"An empty list returns ",[18,68357,2466],{},[14,68359,197],{},[34,68361,68363],{"className":36,"code":68362,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,68364,68365,68398],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68366,68367,68369,68371,68373,68375,68377,68379,68381,68383,68386,68388,68390,68392,68394,68396],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68368,4392],{"class":207},[43,68370,212],{"class":211},[43,68372,3942],{"class":53},[43,68374,82],{"class":81},[43,68376,37372],{"class":85},[43,68378,82],{"class":81},[43,68380,800],{"class":53},[43,68382,932],{"class":81},[43,68384,68385],{"class":85},"elephant",[43,68387,82],{"class":81},[43,68389,800],{"class":53},[43,68391,932],{"class":81},[43,68393,58184],{"class":85},[43,68395,82],{"class":81},[43,68397,3955],{"class":53},[43,68399,68400,68402,68404,68406,68408,68410],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,68401,50],{"class":49},[43,68403,54],{"class":53},[43,68405,11477],{"class":49},[43,68407,54],{"class":53},[43,68409,4436],{"class":236},[43,68411,67],{"class":53},[14,68413,110],{},[34,68415,68416],{"className":36,"code":46670,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,68417,68418],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68419,68420],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68421,46670],{"class":63},[14,68423,21301,68424,68427,68428,65151],{},[18,68425,68426],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[913,68429,52712],{},[14,68431,68432,68433,315],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[189,68434,3894,68435,3827],{"href":42409},[18,68436,42412],{},[29,68438,6113],{"id":6112},[14,68440,68441,68442,68444],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[18,68443,42412],{},", and print the result.",[34,68446,68448],{"className":36,"code":68447,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[18,68449,68450,68482,68496,68500],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68451,68452,68454,68456,68458,68460,68462,68464,68466,68468,68470,68472,68474,68476,68478,68480],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68453,13396],{"class":207},[43,68455,212],{"class":211},[43,68457,3942],{"class":53},[43,68459,82],{"class":81},[43,68461,13413],{"class":85},[43,68463,82],{"class":81},[43,68465,800],{"class":53},[43,68467,932],{"class":81},[43,68469,17777],{"class":85},[43,68471,82],{"class":81},[43,68473,800],{"class":53},[43,68475,932],{"class":81},[43,68477,13430],{"class":85},[43,68479,82],{"class":81},[43,68481,3955],{"class":53},[43,68483,68484,68486,68488,68490,68492,68494],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,68485,1272],{"class":207},[43,68487,212],{"class":211},[43,68489,38712],{"class":49},[43,68491,54],{"class":53},[43,68493,17824],{"class":236},[43,68495,227],{"class":53},[43,68497,68498],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,68499,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,68501,68502,68504,68506,68508],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,68503,50],{"class":49},[43,68505,54],{"class":53},[43,68507,1291],{"class":236},[43,68509,227],{"class":53},[14,68511,110],{},[34,68513,68514],{"className":36,"code":46670,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,68515,68516],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68517,68518],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68519,46670],{"class":63},[14,68521,12001],{},[150,68523,68524,68529,68536],{},[153,68525,68526,68528],{},[18,68527,17824],{}," is a list with 3 items",[153,68530,68531,2733,68534],{},[18,68532,68533],{},"len(colors)",[18,68535,2409],{},[153,68537,68538,68539],{},"That value is stored in ",[18,68540,1291],{},[14,68542,68543],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[34,68545,68547],{"className":36,"code":68546,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,68548,68549,68581],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68550,68551,68553,68555,68557,68559,68561,68563,68565,68567,68569,68571,68573,68575,68577,68579],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68552,13396],{"class":207},[43,68554,212],{"class":211},[43,68556,3942],{"class":53},[43,68558,82],{"class":81},[43,68560,13413],{"class":85},[43,68562,82],{"class":81},[43,68564,800],{"class":53},[43,68566,932],{"class":81},[43,68568,17777],{"class":85},[43,68570,82],{"class":81},[43,68572,800],{"class":53},[43,68574,932],{"class":81},[43,68576,13430],{"class":85},[43,68578,82],{"class":81},[43,68580,3955],{"class":53},[43,68582,68583,68585,68587,68589,68591,68593],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,68584,50],{"class":49},[43,68586,54],{"class":53},[43,68588,11477],{"class":49},[43,68590,54],{"class":53},[43,68592,17824],{"class":236},[43,68594,67],{"class":53},[29,68596,68598],{"id":68597},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[14,68600,68601,68602,315],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[18,68603,2466],{},[34,68605,68607],{"className":36,"code":68606,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[18,68608,68609,68617],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68610,68611,68613,68615],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68612,8104],{"class":207},[43,68614,212],{"class":211},[43,68616,8164],{"class":53},[43,68618,68619,68621,68623,68625,68627,68629],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,68620,50],{"class":49},[43,68622,54],{"class":53},[43,68624,11477],{"class":49},[43,68626,54],{"class":53},[43,68628,8135],{"class":236},[43,68630,67],{"class":53},[14,68632,110],{},[34,68634,68635],{"className":36,"code":47305,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,68636,68637],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68638,68639],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68640,47305],{"class":63},[14,68642,68643],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[34,68645,68647],{"className":36,"code":68646,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[18,68648,68649,68657,68661,68679,68693,68699],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68650,68651,68653,68655],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68652,8104],{"class":207},[43,68654,212],{"class":211},[43,68656,8164],{"class":53},[43,68658,68659],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,68660,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,68662,68663,68665,68667,68669,68671,68673,68675,68677],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,68664,7323],{"class":1927},[43,68666,38712],{"class":49},[43,68668,54],{"class":53},[43,68670,8135],{"class":236},[43,68672,1221],{"class":53},[43,68674,38722],{"class":211},[43,68676,4155],{"class":63},[43,68678,1931],{"class":53},[43,68680,68681,68683,68685,68687,68689,68691],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,68682,1951],{"class":49},[43,68684,54],{"class":53},[43,68686,8135],{"class":236},[43,68688,4221],{"class":53},[43,68690,2466],{"class":63},[43,68692,4209],{"class":53},[43,68694,68695,68697],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,68696,27758],{"class":1927},[43,68698,1931],{"class":53},[43,68700,68701,68703,68705,68707,68709,68711],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,68702,1951],{"class":49},[43,68704,54],{"class":53},[43,68706,82],{"class":81},[43,68708,51871],{"class":85},[43,68710,82],{"class":81},[43,68712,227],{"class":53},[14,68714,110],{},[34,68716,68718],{"className":36,"code":68717,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"The list is empty\n",[18,68719,68720],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68721,68722,68724,68726,68728],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68723,1073],{"class":207},[43,68725,849],{"class":57},[43,68727,8421],{"class":211},[43,68729,8426],{"class":207},[14,68731,68732,68733,68735],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[189,68734,52827],{"href":51034}," is a good next step.",[29,68737,68739],{"id":68738},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[14,68741,68742,68744,68745,68748],{},[18,68743,42412],{}," counts only the ",[913,68746,68747],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[14,68750,68751],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[34,68753,68755],{"className":36,"code":68754,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[18,68756,68757,68793],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68758,68759,68761,68763,68765,68767,68769,68771,68773,68775,68777,68779,68781,68783,68785,68787,68789,68791],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68760,9481],{"class":207},[43,68762,212],{"class":211},[43,68764,56350],{"class":53},[43,68766,797],{"class":63},[43,68768,800],{"class":53},[43,68770,803],{"class":63},[43,68772,18384],{"class":53},[43,68774,3942],{"class":53},[43,68776,2409],{"class":63},[43,68778,800],{"class":53},[43,68780,2789],{"class":63},[43,68782,18384],{"class":53},[43,68784,3942],{"class":53},[43,68786,64],{"class":63},[43,68788,800],{"class":53},[43,68790,37969],{"class":63},[43,68792,53298],{"class":53},[43,68794,68795,68797,68799,68801,68803,68805],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,68796,50],{"class":49},[43,68798,54],{"class":53},[43,68800,11477],{"class":49},[43,68802,54],{"class":53},[43,68804,9520],{"class":236},[43,68806,67],{"class":53},[14,68808,110],{},[34,68810,68811],{"className":36,"code":46670,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,68812,68813],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68814,68815],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68816,46670],{"class":63},[14,68818,68819],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[14,68821,52135],{},[34,68823,68825],{"className":36,"code":68824,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[18,68826,68827,68853],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68828,68829,68831,68833,68835,68837,68839,68841,68843,68845,68847,68849,68851],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68830,59530],{"class":207},[43,68832,212],{"class":211},[43,68834,3942],{"class":53},[43,68836,797],{"class":63},[43,68838,800],{"class":53},[43,68840,3942],{"class":53},[43,68842,447],{"class":63},[43,68844,800],{"class":53},[43,68846,808],{"class":63},[43,68848,18384],{"class":53},[43,68850,2789],{"class":63},[43,68852,3955],{"class":53},[43,68854,68855,68857,68859,68861,68863,68865],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,68856,50],{"class":49},[43,68858,54],{"class":53},[43,68860,11477],{"class":49},[43,68862,54],{"class":53},[43,68864,59583],{"class":236},[43,68866,67],{"class":53},[14,68868,110],{},[34,68870,68871],{"className":36,"code":46670,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,68872,68873],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68874,68875],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68876,46670],{"class":63},[14,68878,21301,68879,68882],{},[18,68880,68881],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[29,68884,4842],{"id":4841},[402,68886,8738,68888,11407,68891],{"id":68887},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[18,68889,68890],{},"my_list.len()",[18,68892,68336],{},[14,68894,68895],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[14,68897,16966],{},[34,68899,68901],{"className":36,"code":68900,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[18,68902,68903,68923],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68904,68905,68907,68909,68911,68913,68915,68917,68919,68921],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68906,3937],{"class":207},[43,68908,212],{"class":211},[43,68910,3942],{"class":53},[43,68912,512],{"class":63},[43,68914,800],{"class":53},[43,68916,8115],{"class":63},[43,68918,800],{"class":53},[43,68920,8120],{"class":63},[43,68922,3955],{"class":53},[43,68924,68925,68927,68929,68931,68933,68935],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,68926,50],{"class":49},[43,68928,54],{"class":53},[43,68930,3969],{"class":236},[43,68932,315],{"class":53},[43,68934,11477],{"class":236},[43,68936,341],{"class":53},[14,68938,16978],{},[34,68940,68942],{"className":36,"code":68941,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,68943,68944,68964],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68945,68946,68948,68950,68952,68954,68956,68958,68960,68962],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68947,3937],{"class":207},[43,68949,212],{"class":211},[43,68951,3942],{"class":53},[43,68953,512],{"class":63},[43,68955,800],{"class":53},[43,68957,8115],{"class":63},[43,68959,800],{"class":53},[43,68961,8120],{"class":63},[43,68963,3955],{"class":53},[43,68965,68966,68968,68970,68972,68974,68976],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,68967,50],{"class":49},[43,68969,54],{"class":53},[43,68971,11477],{"class":49},[43,68973,54],{"class":53},[43,68975,3969],{"class":236},[43,68977,67],{"class":53},[14,68979,68980,68982],{},[18,68981,42412],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[402,68984,26011],{"id":26010},[14,68986,16966],{},[34,68988,68990],{"className":36,"code":68989,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[18,68991,68992,69012],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,68993,68994,68996,68998,69000,69002,69004,69006,69008,69010],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,68995,3937],{"class":207},[43,68997,212],{"class":211},[43,68999,3942],{"class":53},[43,69001,512],{"class":63},[43,69003,800],{"class":53},[43,69005,8115],{"class":63},[43,69007,800],{"class":53},[43,69009,8120],{"class":63},[43,69011,3955],{"class":53},[43,69013,69014,69016,69018,69020],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,69015,50],{"class":49},[43,69017,54],{"class":53},[43,69019,11477],{"class":49},[43,69021,227],{"class":53},[14,69023,69024],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[14,69026,16978],{},[34,69028,69029],{"className":36,"code":68941,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,69030,69031,69051],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69032,69033,69035,69037,69039,69041,69043,69045,69047,69049],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69034,3937],{"class":207},[43,69036,212],{"class":211},[43,69038,3942],{"class":53},[43,69040,512],{"class":63},[43,69042,800],{"class":53},[43,69044,8115],{"class":63},[43,69046,800],{"class":53},[43,69048,8120],{"class":63},[43,69050,3955],{"class":53},[43,69052,69053,69055,69057,69059,69061,69063],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,69054,50],{"class":49},[43,69056,54],{"class":53},[43,69058,11477],{"class":49},[43,69060,54],{"class":53},[43,69062,3969],{"class":236},[43,69064,67],{"class":53},[402,69066,69068],{"id":69067},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[14,69070,69071,69072,69074],{},"The length of a list is ",[913,69073,734],{}," the same as the last index.",[14,69076,197],{},[34,69078,69080],{"className":36,"code":69079,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[18,69081,69082,69114],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69083,69084,69086,69088,69090,69092,69094,69096,69098,69100,69102,69104,69106,69108,69110,69112],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69085,36414],{"class":207},[43,69087,212],{"class":211},[43,69089,3942],{"class":53},[43,69091,82],{"class":81},[43,69093,189],{"class":85},[43,69095,82],{"class":81},[43,69097,800],{"class":53},[43,69099,932],{"class":81},[43,69101,1231],{"class":85},[43,69103,82],{"class":81},[43,69105,800],{"class":53},[43,69107,932],{"class":81},[43,69109,10055],{"class":85},[43,69111,82],{"class":81},[43,69113,3955],{"class":53},[43,69115,69116,69118,69120,69122,69124,69126],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,69117,50],{"class":49},[43,69119,54],{"class":53},[43,69121,11477],{"class":49},[43,69123,54],{"class":53},[43,69125,36467],{"class":236},[43,69127,67],{"class":53},[14,69129,110],{},[34,69131,69132],{"className":36,"code":46670,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,69133,69134],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69135,69136],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69137,46670],{"class":63},[14,69139,69140,69141,19286,69143,315],{},"But the last index is ",[18,69142,447],{},[18,69144,2409],{},[14,69146,69147],{},"Indexes are:",[150,69149,69150,69157,69163],{},[153,69151,69152,69154,69155],{},[18,69153,2466],{}," for ",[18,69156,18418],{},[153,69158,69159,69154,69161],{},[18,69160,797],{},[18,69162,65654],{},[153,69164,69165,69154,69167],{},[18,69166,447],{},[18,69168,66540],{},[14,69170,69171],{},"So this causes an error:",[34,69173,69175],{"className":36,"code":69174,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[18,69176,69177,69209],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69178,69179,69181,69183,69185,69187,69189,69191,69193,69195,69197,69199,69201,69203,69205,69207],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69180,36414],{"class":207},[43,69182,212],{"class":211},[43,69184,3942],{"class":53},[43,69186,82],{"class":81},[43,69188,189],{"class":85},[43,69190,82],{"class":81},[43,69192,800],{"class":53},[43,69194,932],{"class":81},[43,69196,1231],{"class":85},[43,69198,82],{"class":81},[43,69200,800],{"class":53},[43,69202,932],{"class":81},[43,69204,10055],{"class":85},[43,69206,82],{"class":81},[43,69208,3955],{"class":53},[43,69210,69211,69213,69215,69217,69219,69221,69223,69225],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,69212,50],{"class":49},[43,69214,54],{"class":53},[43,69216,36467],{"class":236},[43,69218,4221],{"class":53},[43,69220,11477],{"class":49},[43,69222,54],{"class":53},[43,69224,36467],{"class":236},[43,69226,10994],{"class":53},[14,69228,8816,69229,5106,69232,69234,69235,69237],{},[18,69230,69231],{},"len(letters)",[18,69233,2409],{},", and index ",[18,69236,2409],{}," does not exist.",[14,69239,19163],{},[34,69241,69243],{"className":36,"code":69242,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[18,69244,69245,69277],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69246,69247,69249,69251,69253,69255,69257,69259,69261,69263,69265,69267,69269,69271,69273,69275],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69248,36414],{"class":207},[43,69250,212],{"class":211},[43,69252,3942],{"class":53},[43,69254,82],{"class":81},[43,69256,189],{"class":85},[43,69258,82],{"class":81},[43,69260,800],{"class":53},[43,69262,932],{"class":81},[43,69264,1231],{"class":85},[43,69266,82],{"class":81},[43,69268,800],{"class":53},[43,69270,932],{"class":81},[43,69272,10055],{"class":85},[43,69274,82],{"class":81},[43,69276,3955],{"class":53},[43,69278,69279,69281,69283,69285,69287,69289,69291,69293,69295,69297,69299],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,69280,50],{"class":49},[43,69282,54],{"class":53},[43,69284,36467],{"class":236},[43,69286,4221],{"class":53},[43,69288,11477],{"class":49},[43,69290,54],{"class":53},[43,69292,36467],{"class":236},[43,69294,1221],{"class":53},[43,69296,2564],{"class":211},[43,69298,5823],{"class":63},[43,69300,4209],{"class":53},[14,69302,110],{},[34,69304,69306],{"className":36,"code":69305,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"c\n",[18,69307,69308],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69309,69310],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69311,69305],{"class":207},[14,69313,69314,69315,315],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[189,69316,69318],{"href":69317},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[402,69320,8738,69322,69324],{"id":69321},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[18,69323,42412],{}," on the wrong variable",[14,69326,69327],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[14,69329,69330],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[34,69332,69334],{"className":36,"code":69333,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[18,69335,69336,69346,69360,69374],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69337,69338,69340,69342,69344],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69339,50],{"class":49},[43,69341,54],{"class":53},[43,69343,8659],{"class":236},[43,69345,227],{"class":53},[43,69347,69348,69350,69352,69354,69356,69358],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,69349,50],{"class":49},[43,69351,54],{"class":53},[43,69353,11477],{"class":49},[43,69355,54],{"class":53},[43,69357,8659],{"class":236},[43,69359,67],{"class":53},[43,69361,69362,69364,69366,69368,69370,69372],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,69363,50],{"class":49},[43,69365,54],{"class":53},[43,69367,248],{"class":57},[43,69369,54],{"class":53},[43,69371,8659],{"class":236},[43,69373,67],{"class":53},[43,69375,69376,69378,69380,69382,69384,69386],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,69377,50],{"class":49},[43,69379,54],{"class":53},[43,69381,8659],{"class":236},[43,69383,4221],{"class":53},[43,69385,2466],{"class":63},[43,69387,4209],{"class":53},[14,69389,69390],{},"These help you verify:",[150,69392,69393,69396,69398,69401],{},[153,69394,69395],{},"what the variable contains",[153,69397,60842],{},[153,69399,69400],{},"whether it is really a list",[153,69402,69403],{},"what the first item is",[14,69405,69406,69407,69410],{},"Be careful with ",[18,69408,69409],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[29,69412,5284,69414,69416],{"id":69413},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[18,69415,42412],{}," with lists",[14,69418,69419,69420,69422],{},"You will often use ",[18,69421,42412],{}," in real programs.",[14,69424,9689],{},[150,69426,69427,69429,69432,69435],{},[153,69428,51825],{},[153,69430,69431],{},"Control loops",[153,69433,69434],{},"Validate input or results",[153,69436,69437],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[14,69439,69440],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[34,69442,69444],{"className":36,"code":69443,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[18,69445,69446,69466,69482,69486,69500,69514],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69447,69448,69450,69452,69454,69456,69458,69460,69462,69464],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69449,1178],{"class":207},[43,69451,212],{"class":211},[43,69453,3942],{"class":53},[43,69455,797],{"class":63},[43,69457,800],{"class":53},[43,69459,803],{"class":63},[43,69461,800],{"class":53},[43,69463,808],{"class":63},[43,69465,3955],{"class":53},[43,69467,69468,69470,69472,69474,69476,69478,69480],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,69469,1192],{"class":207},[43,69471,212],{"class":211},[43,69473,3942],{"class":53},[43,69475,512],{"class":63},[43,69477,800],{"class":53},[43,69479,8115],{"class":63},[43,69481,3955],{"class":53},[43,69483,69484],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,69485,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,69487,69488,69490,69492,69494,69496,69498],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,69489,50],{"class":49},[43,69491,54],{"class":53},[43,69493,11477],{"class":49},[43,69495,54],{"class":53},[43,69497,189],{"class":236},[43,69499,67],{"class":53},[43,69501,69502,69504,69506,69508,69510,69512],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,69503,50],{"class":49},[43,69505,54],{"class":53},[43,69507,11477],{"class":49},[43,69509,54],{"class":53},[43,69511,1231],{"class":236},[43,69513,67],{"class":53},[43,69515,69516,69518,69520,69522,69524,69526,69528,69530,69532,69534,69536],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,69517,50],{"class":49},[43,69519,54],{"class":53},[43,69521,11477],{"class":49},[43,69523,54],{"class":53},[43,69525,189],{"class":236},[43,69527,1221],{"class":53},[43,69529,38722],{"class":211},[43,69531,38712],{"class":49},[43,69533,54],{"class":53},[43,69535,1231],{"class":236},[43,69537,67],{"class":53},[14,69539,110],{},[34,69541,69543],{"className":36,"code":69542,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[18,69544,69545,69549,69553],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69546,69547],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69548,46670],{"class":63},[43,69550,69551],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,69552,17379],{"class":63},[43,69554,69555],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,69556,4301],{"class":104},[14,69558,69559],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[34,69561,69563],{"className":36,"code":69562,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[18,69564,69565,69597,69601,69623],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69566,69567,69569,69571,69573,69575,69577,69579,69581,69583,69585,69587,69589,69591,69593,69595],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69568,5318],{"class":207},[43,69570,212],{"class":211},[43,69572,3942],{"class":53},[43,69574,82],{"class":81},[43,69576,13200],{"class":85},[43,69578,82],{"class":81},[43,69580,800],{"class":53},[43,69582,932],{"class":81},[43,69584,36264],{"class":85},[43,69586,82],{"class":81},[43,69588,800],{"class":53},[43,69590,932],{"class":81},[43,69592,36273],{"class":85},[43,69594,82],{"class":81},[43,69596,3955],{"class":53},[43,69598,69599],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,69600,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,69602,69603,69605,69608,69610,69612,69614,69616,69618,69620],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,69604,6284],{"class":1927},[43,69606,69607],{"class":207}," i ",[43,69609,4203],{"class":1927},[43,69611,54126],{"class":49},[43,69613,54],{"class":53},[43,69615,11477],{"class":49},[43,69617,54],{"class":53},[43,69619,5362],{"class":236},[43,69621,69622],{"class":53},")):\n",[43,69624,69625,69627,69629,69631,69633,69636,69638,69640],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,69626,1951],{"class":49},[43,69628,54],{"class":53},[43,69630,36478],{"class":236},[43,69632,800],{"class":53},[43,69634,69635],{"class":236}," names",[43,69637,4221],{"class":53},[43,69639,36478],{"class":236},[43,69641,4209],{"class":53},[14,69643,110],{},[34,69645,69646],{"className":36,"code":36322,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,69647,69648,69654,69660],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69649,69650,69652],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69651,2466],{"class":63},[43,69653,36331],{"class":207},[43,69655,69656,69658],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,69657,797],{"class":63},[43,69659,36338],{"class":207},[43,69661,69662,69664],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,69663,447],{"class":63},[43,69665,36345],{"class":207},[14,69667,69668,69669,315],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[189,69670,69672],{"href":69671},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[14,69674,69675,69676,69678],{},"You can also read ",[189,69677,51602],{"href":51601}," for a task-focused guide.",[29,69680,2162],{"id":2161},[402,69682,69684],{"id":69683},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[14,69686,133,69687,69690],{},[18,69688,69689],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[402,69692,5466,69694,13035],{"id":69693},"what-does-len-return",[18,69695,69696],{},"len([])",[14,69698,2206,69699,69701],{},[18,69700,2466],{}," because the list is empty.",[402,69703,69705],{"id":69704},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[14,69707,69708],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[402,69710,28653,69712,69714],{"id":69711},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[18,69713,68890],{}," in Python?",[14,69716,30591,69717,8545,69719,69721],{},[18,69718,68336],{},[18,69720,42412],{}," is a built-in function.",[29,69723,2229],{"id":2228},[150,69725,69726,69732,69736,69740,69744],{},[153,69727,69728],{},[189,69729,3894,69730,3827],{"href":42409},[18,69731,42412],{},[153,69733,69734],{},[189,69735,52646],{"href":51601},[153,69737,69738],{},[189,69739,52827],{"href":51034},[153,69741,69742],{},[189,69743,69318],{"href":69317},[153,69745,69746],{},[189,69747,69748],{"href":69671},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2262,69750,69751],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":69753},[69754,69755,69757,69758,69759,69760,69768,69770,69778],{"id":15484,"depth":70,"text":15485},{"id":68328,"depth":70,"text":69756},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":6112,"depth":70,"text":6113},{"id":68597,"depth":70,"text":68598},{"id":68738,"depth":70,"text":68739},{"id":4841,"depth":70,"text":4842,"children":69761},[69762,69764,69765,69766],{"id":68887,"depth":93,"text":69763},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":26010,"depth":93,"text":26011},{"id":69067,"depth":93,"text":69068},{"id":69321,"depth":93,"text":69767},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69413,"depth":70,"text":69769},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":69771},[69772,69773,69775,69776],{"id":69683,"depth":93,"text":69684},{"id":69693,"depth":93,"text":69774},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69704,"depth":93,"text":69705},{"id":69711,"depth":93,"text":69777},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68223,"description":69779},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69785,"title":69786,"body":69787,"description":71769,"extension":2312,"meta":71770,"navigation":958,"path":71771,"seo":71772,"stem":71773,"__hash__":71774},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69788,"toc":71742},[69789,69792,69797,69800,69808,69821,69823,69888,69890,69912,69917,69921,69926,69934,69936,69946,69948,70029,70031,70061,70063,70082,70087,70104,70106,70190,70192,70222,70227,70231,70237,70321,70323,70353,70356,70360,70363,70454,70456,70494,70497,70582,70584,70614,70620,70627,70631,70636,70645,70647,70732,70734,70763,70766,70774,70778,70782,70791,70814,70816,70838,70840,70854,70856,70916,70920,70925,70964,70966,70983,70985,70995,71094,71099,71103,71108,71151,71153,71181,71183,71197,71272,71274,71296,71300,71303,71308,71319,71324,71332,71335,71406,71408,71433,71490,71492,71513,71522,71530,71535,71537,71542,71563,71566,71641,71644,71658,71665,71667,71671,71677,71681,71691,71695,71702,71706,71712,71714,71739],[10,69790,69786],{"id":69791},"python-list-pop-method",[14,69793,69794,69796],{},[18,69795,55138],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[14,69798,69799],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[150,69801,69802,69805],{},[153,69803,69804],{},"delete an item from a list",[153,69806,69807],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[14,69809,69810,69811,69813,69814,9023,69816,69820],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[18,69812,13082],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[18,69815,13082],{},[189,69817,69818],{"href":55128},[18,69819,55585],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[29,69822,32],{"id":31},[34,69824,69826],{"className":36,"code":69825,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,69827,69828,69848,69863,69867,69878],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69829,69830,69832,69834,69836,69838,69840,69842,69844,69846],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69831,3937],{"class":207},[43,69833,212],{"class":211},[43,69835,3942],{"class":53},[43,69837,512],{"class":63},[43,69839,800],{"class":53},[43,69841,8115],{"class":63},[43,69843,800],{"class":53},[43,69845,8120],{"class":63},[43,69847,3955],{"class":53},[43,69849,69850,69853,69855,69857,69859,69861],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,69851,69852],{"class":207},"last_item ",[43,69854,212],{"class":211},[43,69856,4586],{"class":207},[43,69858,315],{"class":53},[43,69860,26565],{"class":236},[43,69862,1728],{"class":53},[43,69864,69865],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,69866,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,69868,69869,69871,69873,69876],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,69870,50],{"class":49},[43,69872,54],{"class":53},[43,69874,69875],{"class":236},"last_item",[43,69877,227],{"class":53},[43,69879,69880,69882,69884,69886],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,69881,50],{"class":49},[43,69883,54],{"class":53},[43,69885,3969],{"class":236},[43,69887,227],{"class":53},[14,69889,110],{},[34,69891,69893],{"className":36,"code":69892,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[18,69894,69895,69900],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69896,69897],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69898,69899],{"class":63},"30\n",[43,69901,69902,69904,69906,69908,69910],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,69903,4221],{"class":53},[43,69905,512],{"class":63},[43,69907,800],{"class":53},[43,69909,8115],{"class":63},[43,69911,3955],{"class":53},[14,69913,133,69914,69916],{},[18,69915,13082],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[29,69918,69920],{"id":69919},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[14,69922,69923,69925],{},[18,69924,13082],{}," has two main jobs:",[150,69927,69928,69931],{},[153,69929,69930],{},"It removes one item from a list",[153,69932,69933],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[14,69935,43702],{},[150,69937,69938,69941,69944],{},[153,69939,69940],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[153,69942,69943],{},"It changes the original list",[153,69945,52801],{},[14,69947,197],{},[34,69949,69951],{"className":36,"code":69950,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[18,69952,69953,69985,69989,70004,70008,70019],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,69954,69955,69957,69959,69961,69963,69965,69967,69969,69971,69973,69975,69977,69979,69981,69983],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,69956,13396],{"class":207},[43,69958,212],{"class":211},[43,69960,3942],{"class":53},[43,69962,82],{"class":81},[43,69964,13413],{"class":85},[43,69966,82],{"class":81},[43,69968,800],{"class":53},[43,69970,932],{"class":81},[43,69972,17777],{"class":85},[43,69974,82],{"class":81},[43,69976,800],{"class":53},[43,69978,932],{"class":81},[43,69980,13430],{"class":85},[43,69982,82],{"class":81},[43,69984,3955],{"class":53},[43,69986,69987],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,69988,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,69990,69991,69994,69996,69998,70000,70002],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,69992,69993],{"class":207},"removed ",[43,69995,212],{"class":211},[43,69997,13444],{"class":207},[43,69999,315],{"class":53},[43,70001,26565],{"class":236},[43,70003,1728],{"class":53},[43,70005,70006],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,70007,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,70009,70010,70012,70014,70017],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,70011,50],{"class":49},[43,70013,54],{"class":53},[43,70015,70016],{"class":236},"removed",[43,70018,227],{"class":53},[43,70020,70021,70023,70025,70027],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,70022,50],{"class":49},[43,70024,54],{"class":53},[43,70026,17824],{"class":236},[43,70028,227],{"class":53},[14,70030,110],{},[34,70032,70034],{"className":36,"code":70033,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[18,70035,70036,70041],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70037,70038],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70039,70040],{"class":207},"blue\n",[43,70042,70043,70045,70047,70049,70051,70053,70055,70057,70059],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,70044,4221],{"class":53},[43,70046,283],{"class":81},[43,70048,13413],{"class":85},[43,70050,283],{"class":81},[43,70052,800],{"class":53},[43,70054,278],{"class":81},[43,70056,17777],{"class":85},[43,70058,283],{"class":81},[43,70060,3955],{"class":53},[29,70062,290],{"id":289},[34,70064,70066],{"className":36,"code":70065,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"list.pop([index])\n",[18,70067,70068],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70069,70070,70072,70074,70076,70078,70080],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70071,849],{"class":57},[43,70073,315],{"class":53},[43,70075,26565],{"class":236},[43,70077,794],{"class":53},[43,70079,36169],{"class":236},[43,70081,4209],{"class":53},[14,70083,1073,70084,70086],{},[18,70085,36169],{}," is optional.",[150,70088,70089,70095,70101],{},[153,70090,70091,70092,70094],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[18,70093,13082],{}," removes the last item",[153,70096,70097,70098,70100],{},"If you give an index, ",[18,70099,13082],{}," removes the item at that position",[153,70102,70103],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[14,70105,197],{},[34,70107,70109],{"className":36,"code":70108,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,70110,70111,70143,70147,70166,70170,70180],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70112,70113,70115,70117,70119,70121,70123,70125,70127,70129,70131,70133,70135,70137,70139,70141],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70114,36414],{"class":207},[43,70116,212],{"class":211},[43,70118,3942],{"class":53},[43,70120,82],{"class":81},[43,70122,189],{"class":85},[43,70124,82],{"class":81},[43,70126,800],{"class":53},[43,70128,932],{"class":81},[43,70130,1231],{"class":85},[43,70132,82],{"class":81},[43,70134,800],{"class":53},[43,70136,932],{"class":81},[43,70138,10055],{"class":85},[43,70140,82],{"class":81},[43,70142,3955],{"class":53},[43,70144,70145],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,70146,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,70148,70149,70151,70153,70156,70158,70160,70162,70164],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,70150,28863],{"class":207},[43,70152,212],{"class":211},[43,70154,70155],{"class":207}," letters",[43,70157,315],{"class":53},[43,70159,26565],{"class":236},[43,70161,54],{"class":53},[43,70163,797],{"class":63},[43,70165,227],{"class":53},[43,70167,70168],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,70169,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,70171,70172,70174,70176,70178],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,70173,50],{"class":49},[43,70175,54],{"class":53},[43,70177,23634],{"class":236},[43,70179,227],{"class":53},[43,70181,70182,70184,70186,70188],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,70183,50],{"class":49},[43,70185,54],{"class":53},[43,70187,36467],{"class":236},[43,70189,227],{"class":53},[14,70191,110],{},[34,70193,70195],{"className":36,"code":70194,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[18,70196,70197,70202],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70198,70199],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70200,70201],{"class":207},"b\n",[43,70203,70204,70206,70208,70210,70212,70214,70216,70218,70220],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,70205,4221],{"class":53},[43,70207,283],{"class":81},[43,70209,189],{"class":85},[43,70211,283],{"class":81},[43,70213,800],{"class":53},[43,70215,278],{"class":81},[43,70217,10055],{"class":85},[43,70219,283],{"class":81},[43,70221,3955],{"class":53},[14,70223,70224,70225,315],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[189,70226,52827],{"href":51034},[29,70228,70230],{"id":70229},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[14,70232,70233,70234,70236],{},"When you call ",[18,70235,13082],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[34,70238,70240],{"className":36,"code":70239,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[18,70241,70242,70277,70281,70296,70300,70311],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70243,70244,70246,70248,70250,70252,70255,70257,70259,70261,70264,70266,70268,70270,70273,70275],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70245,30218],{"class":207},[43,70247,212],{"class":211},[43,70249,3942],{"class":53},[43,70251,82],{"class":81},[43,70253,70254],{"class":85},"write",[43,70256,82],{"class":81},[43,70258,800],{"class":53},[43,70260,932],{"class":81},[43,70262,70263],{"class":85},"test",[43,70265,82],{"class":81},[43,70267,800],{"class":53},[43,70269,932],{"class":81},[43,70271,70272],{"class":85},"submit",[43,70274,82],{"class":81},[43,70276,3955],{"class":53},[43,70278,70279],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,70280,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,70282,70283,70286,70288,70290,70292,70294],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,70284,70285],{"class":207},"last_task ",[43,70287,212],{"class":211},[43,70289,30296],{"class":207},[43,70291,315],{"class":53},[43,70293,26565],{"class":236},[43,70295,1728],{"class":53},[43,70297,70298],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,70299,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,70301,70302,70304,70306,70309],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,70303,50],{"class":49},[43,70305,54],{"class":53},[43,70307,70308],{"class":236},"last_task",[43,70310,227],{"class":53},[43,70312,70313,70315,70317,70319],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,70314,50],{"class":49},[43,70316,54],{"class":53},[43,70318,36830],{"class":236},[43,70320,227],{"class":53},[14,70322,110],{},[34,70324,70326],{"className":36,"code":70325,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[18,70327,70328,70333],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70329,70330],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70331,70332],{"class":207},"submit\n",[43,70334,70335,70337,70339,70341,70343,70345,70347,70349,70351],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,70336,4221],{"class":53},[43,70338,283],{"class":81},[43,70340,70254],{"class":85},[43,70342,283],{"class":81},[43,70344,800],{"class":53},[43,70346,278],{"class":81},[43,70348,70263],{"class":85},[43,70350,283],{"class":81},[43,70352,3955],{"class":53},[14,70354,70355],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[29,70357,70359],{"id":70358},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[14,70361,70362],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[34,70364,70366],{"className":36,"code":70365,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,70367,70368,70408,70412,70430,70434,70444],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70369,70370,70372,70374,70376,70378,70380,70382,70384,70386,70388,70390,70392,70394,70396,70398,70400,70402,70404,70406],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70371,36563],{"class":207},[43,70373,212],{"class":211},[43,70375,3942],{"class":53},[43,70377,82],{"class":81},[43,70379,4401],{"class":85},[43,70381,82],{"class":81},[43,70383,800],{"class":53},[43,70385,932],{"class":81},[43,70387,4410],{"class":85},[43,70389,82],{"class":81},[43,70391,800],{"class":53},[43,70393,932],{"class":81},[43,70395,4419],{"class":85},[43,70397,82],{"class":81},[43,70399,800],{"class":53},[43,70401,932],{"class":81},[43,70403,33543],{"class":85},[43,70405,82],{"class":81},[43,70407,3955],{"class":53},[43,70409,70410],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,70411,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,70413,70414,70416,70418,70420,70422,70424,70426,70428],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,70415,69993],{"class":207},[43,70417,212],{"class":211},[43,70419,52907],{"class":207},[43,70421,315],{"class":53},[43,70423,26565],{"class":236},[43,70425,54],{"class":53},[43,70427,797],{"class":63},[43,70429,227],{"class":53},[43,70431,70432],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,70433,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,70435,70436,70438,70440,70442],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,70437,50],{"class":49},[43,70439,54],{"class":53},[43,70441,70016],{"class":236},[43,70443,227],{"class":53},[43,70445,70446,70448,70450,70452],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,70447,50],{"class":49},[43,70449,54],{"class":53},[43,70451,36615],{"class":236},[43,70453,227],{"class":53},[14,70455,110],{},[34,70457,70459],{"className":36,"code":70458,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[18,70460,70461,70466],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70462,70463],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70464,70465],{"class":207},"banana\n",[43,70467,70468,70470,70472,70474,70476,70478,70480,70482,70484,70486,70488,70490,70492],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,70469,4221],{"class":53},[43,70471,283],{"class":81},[43,70473,4401],{"class":85},[43,70475,283],{"class":81},[43,70477,800],{"class":53},[43,70479,278],{"class":81},[43,70481,4419],{"class":85},[43,70483,283],{"class":81},[43,70485,800],{"class":53},[43,70487,278],{"class":81},[43,70489,33543],{"class":85},[43,70491,283],{"class":81},[43,70493,3955],{"class":53},[14,70495,70496],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[34,70498,70500],{"className":36,"code":70499,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,70501,70502,70534,70538,70558,70562,70572],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70503,70504,70506,70508,70510,70512,70514,70516,70518,70520,70522,70524,70526,70528,70530,70532],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70505,36563],{"class":207},[43,70507,212],{"class":211},[43,70509,3942],{"class":53},[43,70511,82],{"class":81},[43,70513,4401],{"class":85},[43,70515,82],{"class":81},[43,70517,800],{"class":53},[43,70519,932],{"class":81},[43,70521,4410],{"class":85},[43,70523,82],{"class":81},[43,70525,800],{"class":53},[43,70527,932],{"class":81},[43,70529,4419],{"class":85},[43,70531,82],{"class":81},[43,70533,3955],{"class":53},[43,70535,70536],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,70537,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,70539,70540,70542,70544,70546,70548,70550,70552,70554,70556],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,70541,69993],{"class":207},[43,70543,212],{"class":211},[43,70545,52907],{"class":207},[43,70547,315],{"class":53},[43,70549,26565],{"class":236},[43,70551,54],{"class":53},[43,70553,444],{"class":211},[43,70555,797],{"class":63},[43,70557,227],{"class":53},[43,70559,70560],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,70561,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,70563,70564,70566,70568,70570],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,70565,50],{"class":49},[43,70567,54],{"class":53},[43,70569,70016],{"class":236},[43,70571,227],{"class":53},[43,70573,70574,70576,70578,70580],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,70575,50],{"class":49},[43,70577,54],{"class":53},[43,70579,36615],{"class":236},[43,70581,227],{"class":53},[14,70583,110],{},[34,70585,70587],{"className":36,"code":70586,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[18,70588,70589,70594],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70590,70591],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70592,70593],{"class":207},"cherry\n",[43,70595,70596,70598,70600,70602,70604,70606,70608,70610,70612],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,70597,4221],{"class":53},[43,70599,283],{"class":81},[43,70601,4401],{"class":85},[43,70603,283],{"class":81},[43,70605,800],{"class":53},[43,70607,278],{"class":81},[43,70609,4410],{"class":85},[43,70611,283],{"class":81},[43,70613,3955],{"class":53},[14,70615,70616,70617,70619],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[18,70618,65913],{}," means the last item.",[14,70621,70622,70623,315],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[189,70624,70625,11055],{"href":59022},[18,70626,64924],{},[29,70628,70630],{"id":70629},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[14,70632,70633,70635],{},[18,70634,13082],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[14,70637,70638,70639,895,70641,315],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[18,70640,13082],{},[189,70642,70643],{"href":55128},[18,70644,55585],{},[14,70646,197],{},[34,70648,70650],{"className":36,"code":70649,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[18,70651,70652,70684,70688,70707,70711,70722],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70653,70654,70656,70658,70660,70662,70664,70666,70668,70670,70672,70674,70676,70678,70680,70682],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70655,5318],{"class":207},[43,70657,212],{"class":211},[43,70659,3942],{"class":53},[43,70661,82],{"class":81},[43,70663,13200],{"class":85},[43,70665,82],{"class":81},[43,70667,800],{"class":53},[43,70669,932],{"class":81},[43,70671,36264],{"class":85},[43,70673,82],{"class":81},[43,70675,800],{"class":53},[43,70677,932],{"class":81},[43,70679,36273],{"class":85},[43,70681,82],{"class":81},[43,70683,3955],{"class":53},[43,70685,70686],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,70687,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,70689,70690,70693,70695,70697,70699,70701,70703,70705],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,70691,70692],{"class":207},"removed_name ",[43,70694,212],{"class":211},[43,70696,69635],{"class":207},[43,70698,315],{"class":53},[43,70700,26565],{"class":236},[43,70702,54],{"class":53},[43,70704,2466],{"class":63},[43,70706,227],{"class":53},[43,70708,70709],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,70710,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,70712,70713,70715,70717,70720],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,70714,50],{"class":49},[43,70716,54],{"class":53},[43,70718,70719],{"class":236},"removed_name",[43,70721,227],{"class":53},[43,70723,70724,70726,70728,70730],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,70725,50],{"class":49},[43,70727,54],{"class":53},[43,70729,5362],{"class":236},[43,70731,227],{"class":53},[14,70733,110],{},[34,70735,70737],{"className":36,"code":70736,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[18,70738,70739,70743],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70740,70741],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70742,50094],{"class":207},[43,70744,70745,70747,70749,70751,70753,70755,70757,70759,70761],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,70746,4221],{"class":53},[43,70748,283],{"class":81},[43,70750,36264],{"class":85},[43,70752,283],{"class":81},[43,70754,800],{"class":53},[43,70756,278],{"class":81},[43,70758,36273],{"class":85},[43,70760,283],{"class":81},[43,70762,3955],{"class":53},[14,70764,70765],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[14,70767,70768,70769,70771,70772,315],{},"By comparison, ",[18,70770,55585],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[18,70773,4099],{},[29,70775,70777],{"id":70776},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[402,70779,70781],{"id":70780},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[14,70783,70784,70785,70787,70788,315],{},"If the list is empty, ",[18,70786,13082],{}," raises an ",[18,70789,70790],{},"IndexError",[34,70792,70794],{"className":36,"code":70793,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[18,70795,70796,70804],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70797,70798,70800,70802],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70799,8104],{"class":207},[43,70801,212],{"class":211},[43,70803,8164],{"class":53},[43,70805,70806,70808,70810,70812],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,70807,8135],{"class":207},[43,70809,315],{"class":53},[43,70811,26565],{"class":236},[43,70813,1728],{"class":53},[14,70815,110],{},[34,70817,70819],{"className":36,"code":70818,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[18,70820,70821],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70822,70823,70825,70827,70830,70833,70836],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70824,70790],{"class":57},[43,70826,325],{"class":53},[43,70828,70829],{"class":207}," pop ",[43,70831,70832],{"class":1927},"from",[43,70834,70835],{"class":207}," empty ",[43,70837,49940],{"class":57},[14,70839,39588],{},[150,70841,70842,70847],{},[153,70843,70844,70845],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[18,70846,13082],{},[153,70848,70849,70850,895,70852],{},"Or handle the error with ",[18,70851,1928],{},[18,70853,1972],{},[14,70855,197],{},[34,70857,70859],{"className":36,"code":70858,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[18,70860,70861,70869,70873,70881,70895,70901],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70862,70863,70865,70867],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70864,8104],{"class":207},[43,70866,212],{"class":211},[43,70868,8164],{"class":53},[43,70870,70871],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,70872,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,70874,70875,70877,70879],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,70876,7323],{"class":1927},[43,70878,6292],{"class":207},[43,70880,1931],{"class":53},[43,70882,70883,70885,70887,70889,70891,70893],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,70884,1951],{"class":49},[43,70886,54],{"class":53},[43,70888,8135],{"class":236},[43,70890,315],{"class":53},[43,70892,26565],{"class":236},[43,70894,341],{"class":53},[43,70896,70897,70899],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,70898,27758],{"class":1927},[43,70900,1931],{"class":53},[43,70902,70903,70905,70907,70909,70912,70914],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,70904,1951],{"class":49},[43,70906,54],{"class":53},[43,70908,82],{"class":81},[43,70910,70911],{"class":85},"The list is empty.",[43,70913,82],{"class":81},[43,70915,227],{"class":53},[402,70917,70919],{"id":70918},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[14,70921,70922,70923,315],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[18,70924,70790],{},[34,70926,70928],{"className":36,"code":70927,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[18,70929,70930,70950],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70931,70932,70934,70936,70938,70940,70942,70944,70946,70948],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70933,3937],{"class":207},[43,70935,212],{"class":211},[43,70937,3942],{"class":53},[43,70939,512],{"class":63},[43,70941,800],{"class":53},[43,70943,8115],{"class":63},[43,70945,800],{"class":53},[43,70947,8120],{"class":63},[43,70949,3955],{"class":53},[43,70951,70952,70954,70956,70958,70960,70962],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,70953,3969],{"class":207},[43,70955,315],{"class":53},[43,70957,26565],{"class":236},[43,70959,54],{"class":53},[43,70961,64],{"class":63},[43,70963,227],{"class":53},[14,70965,110],{},[34,70967,70969],{"className":36,"code":70968,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[18,70970,70971],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,70972,70973,70975,70977,70980],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,70974,70790],{"class":57},[43,70976,325],{"class":53},[43,70978,70979],{"class":207}," pop index out of ",[43,70981,70982],{"class":49},"range\n",[14,70984,39588],{},[150,70986,70987,70992],{},[153,70988,70989,70990],{},"Check the list length with ",[18,70991,42412],{},[153,70993,70994],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[34,70996,70998],{"className":36,"code":70997,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[18,70999,71000,71020,71029,71033,71055,71073,71079],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71001,71002,71004,71006,71008,71010,71012,71014,71016,71018],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71003,3937],{"class":207},[43,71005,212],{"class":211},[43,71007,3942],{"class":53},[43,71009,512],{"class":63},[43,71011,800],{"class":53},[43,71013,8115],{"class":63},[43,71015,800],{"class":53},[43,71017,8120],{"class":63},[43,71019,3955],{"class":53},[43,71021,71022,71025,71027],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,71023,71024],{"class":207},"index ",[43,71026,212],{"class":211},[43,71028,45642],{"class":63},[43,71030,71031],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,71032,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,71034,71035,71037,71039,71042,71045,71047,71049,71051,71053],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,71036,7323],{"class":1927},[43,71038,4155],{"class":63},[43,71040,71041],{"class":211}," \u003C=",[43,71043,71044],{"class":207}," index ",[43,71046,271],{"class":211},[43,71048,38712],{"class":49},[43,71050,54],{"class":53},[43,71052,3969],{"class":236},[43,71054,8662],{"class":53},[43,71056,71057,71059,71061,71063,71065,71067,71069,71071],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,71058,1951],{"class":49},[43,71060,54],{"class":53},[43,71062,3969],{"class":236},[43,71064,315],{"class":53},[43,71066,26565],{"class":236},[43,71068,54],{"class":53},[43,71070,36169],{"class":236},[43,71072,67],{"class":53},[43,71074,71075,71077],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,71076,27758],{"class":1927},[43,71078,1931],{"class":53},[43,71080,71081,71083,71085,71087,71090,71092],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,71082,1951],{"class":49},[43,71084,54],{"class":53},[43,71086,82],{"class":81},[43,71088,71089],{"class":85},"Index is out of range.",[43,71091,82],{"class":81},[43,71093,227],{"class":53},[14,71095,71096,71097,315],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[189,71098,69318],{"href":69317},[402,71100,71102],{"id":71101},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[14,71104,71105,71107],{},[18,71106,13082],{}," expects an integer index.",[34,71109,71111],{"className":36,"code":71110,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[18,71112,71113,71133],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71114,71115,71117,71119,71121,71123,71125,71127,71129,71131],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71116,3937],{"class":207},[43,71118,212],{"class":211},[43,71120,3942],{"class":53},[43,71122,512],{"class":63},[43,71124,800],{"class":53},[43,71126,8115],{"class":63},[43,71128,800],{"class":53},[43,71130,8120],{"class":63},[43,71132,3955],{"class":53},[43,71134,71135,71137,71139,71141,71143,71145,71147,71149],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,71136,3969],{"class":207},[43,71138,315],{"class":53},[43,71140,26565],{"class":236},[43,71142,54],{"class":53},[43,71144,82],{"class":81},[43,71146,797],{"class":85},[43,71148,82],{"class":81},[43,71150,227],{"class":53},[14,71152,110],{},[34,71154,71156],{"className":36,"code":71155,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[18,71157,71158],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71159,71160,71162,71164,71166,71168,71170,71172,71175,71178],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71161,823],{"class":57},[43,71163,325],{"class":53},[43,71165,278],{"class":81},[43,71167,1038],{"class":85},[43,71169,283],{"class":81},[43,71171,24941],{"class":57},[43,71173,71174],{"class":207}," cannot be interpreted ",[43,71176,71177],{"class":1927},"as",[43,71179,71180],{"class":207}," an integer\n",[14,71182,39588],{},[150,71184,71185,71194],{},[153,71186,71187,71188,2534,71190,2537,71192],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[18,71189,2466],{},[18,71191,797],{},[18,71193,65913],{},[153,71195,71196],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[34,71198,71200],{"className":36,"code":71199,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,71201,71202,71222,71240,71244,71262],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71203,71204,71206,71208,71210,71212,71214,71216,71218,71220],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71205,3937],{"class":207},[43,71207,212],{"class":211},[43,71209,3942],{"class":53},[43,71211,512],{"class":63},[43,71213,800],{"class":53},[43,71215,8115],{"class":63},[43,71217,800],{"class":53},[43,71219,8120],{"class":63},[43,71221,3955],{"class":53},[43,71223,71224,71226,71228,71230,71232,71234,71236,71238],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,71225,71024],{"class":207},[43,71227,212],{"class":211},[43,71229,45329],{"class":57},[43,71231,54],{"class":53},[43,71233,82],{"class":81},[43,71235,797],{"class":85},[43,71237,82],{"class":81},[43,71239,227],{"class":53},[43,71241,71242],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,71243,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,71245,71246,71248,71250,71252,71254,71256,71258,71260],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,71247,50],{"class":49},[43,71249,54],{"class":53},[43,71251,3969],{"class":236},[43,71253,315],{"class":53},[43,71255,26565],{"class":236},[43,71257,54],{"class":53},[43,71259,36169],{"class":236},[43,71261,67],{"class":53},[43,71263,71264,71266,71268,71270],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,71265,50],{"class":49},[43,71267,54],{"class":53},[43,71269,3969],{"class":236},[43,71271,227],{"class":53},[14,71273,110],{},[34,71275,71277],{"className":36,"code":71276,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[18,71278,71279,71284],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71280,71281],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71282,71283],{"class":63},"20\n",[43,71285,71286,71288,71290,71292,71294],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,71287,4221],{"class":53},[43,71289,512],{"class":63},[43,71291,800],{"class":53},[43,71293,8120],{"class":63},[43,71295,3955],{"class":53},[29,71297,71299],{"id":71298},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[14,71301,71302],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[402,71304,133,71306,10916],{"id":71305},"use-pop-when",[18,71307,13082],{},[150,71309,71310,71313,71316],{},[153,71311,71312],{},"you want to remove by index",[153,71314,71315],{},"you want the removed item returned",[153,71317,71318],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[402,71320,133,71322,10916],{"id":71321},"use-remove-when",[18,71323,55585],{},[150,71325,71326,71329],{},[153,71327,71328],{},"you want to remove by value",[153,71330,71331],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[14,71333,71334],{},"Compare these examples:",[34,71336,71338],{"className":36,"code":71337,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,71339,71340,71364,71368,71386,71396],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71341,71342,71344,71346,71348,71350,71352,71354,71356,71358,71360,71362],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71343,3937],{"class":207},[43,71345,212],{"class":211},[43,71347,3942],{"class":53},[43,71349,512],{"class":63},[43,71351,800],{"class":53},[43,71353,8115],{"class":63},[43,71355,800],{"class":53},[43,71357,8120],{"class":63},[43,71359,800],{"class":53},[43,71361,8115],{"class":63},[43,71363,3955],{"class":53},[43,71365,71366],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,71367,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,71369,71370,71372,71374,71376,71378,71380,71382,71384],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,71371,69993],{"class":207},[43,71373,212],{"class":211},[43,71375,4586],{"class":207},[43,71377,315],{"class":53},[43,71379,26565],{"class":236},[43,71381,54],{"class":53},[43,71383,797],{"class":63},[43,71385,227],{"class":53},[43,71387,71388,71390,71392,71394],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,71389,50],{"class":49},[43,71391,54],{"class":53},[43,71393,70016],{"class":236},[43,71395,227],{"class":53},[43,71397,71398,71400,71402,71404],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,71399,50],{"class":49},[43,71401,54],{"class":53},[43,71403,3969],{"class":236},[43,71405,227],{"class":53},[14,71407,110],{},[34,71409,71411],{"className":36,"code":71410,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[18,71412,71413,71417],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71414,71415],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71416,71283],{"class":63},[43,71418,71419,71421,71423,71425,71427,71429,71431],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,71420,4221],{"class":53},[43,71422,512],{"class":63},[43,71424,800],{"class":53},[43,71426,8120],{"class":63},[43,71428,800],{"class":53},[43,71430,8115],{"class":63},[43,71432,3955],{"class":53},[34,71434,71436],{"className":36,"code":71435,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,71437,71438,71462,71466,71480],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71439,71440,71442,71444,71446,71448,71450,71452,71454,71456,71458,71460],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71441,3937],{"class":207},[43,71443,212],{"class":211},[43,71445,3942],{"class":53},[43,71447,512],{"class":63},[43,71449,800],{"class":53},[43,71451,8115],{"class":63},[43,71453,800],{"class":53},[43,71455,8120],{"class":63},[43,71457,800],{"class":53},[43,71459,8115],{"class":63},[43,71461,3955],{"class":53},[43,71463,71464],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,71465,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,71467,71468,71470,71472,71474,71476,71478],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,71469,3969],{"class":207},[43,71471,315],{"class":53},[43,71473,35116],{"class":236},[43,71475,54],{"class":53},[43,71477,16076],{"class":63},[43,71479,227],{"class":53},[43,71481,71482,71484,71486,71488],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,71483,50],{"class":49},[43,71485,54],{"class":53},[43,71487,3969],{"class":236},[43,71489,227],{"class":53},[14,71491,110],{},[34,71493,71495],{"className":36,"code":71494,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[18,71496,71497],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71498,71499,71501,71503,71505,71507,71509,71511],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71500,4221],{"class":53},[43,71502,512],{"class":63},[43,71504,800],{"class":53},[43,71506,8120],{"class":63},[43,71508,800],{"class":53},[43,71510,8115],{"class":63},[43,71512,3955],{"class":53},[14,71514,71515,71516,71519,71520,315],{},"In the first example, ",[18,71517,71518],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[18,71521,797],{},[14,71523,56661,71524,71527,71528,315],{},[18,71525,71526],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[18,71529,16076],{},[14,71531,71532,71533,315],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[189,71534,55124],{"href":55123},[29,71536,3160],{"id":3159},[14,71538,71539,71540,325],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[18,71541,13082],{},[150,71543,71544,71547,71550,71556,71560],{},[153,71545,71546],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[153,71548,71549],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[153,71551,37529,71552,9023,71554],{},[18,71553,13082],{},[18,71555,55585],{},[153,71557,8773,71558,62030],{},[18,71559,13082],{},[153,71561,71562],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[14,71564,71565],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[34,71567,71569],{"className":36,"code":71568,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[18,71570,71571,71581,71595,71609,71627],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71572,71573,71575,71577,71579],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71574,50],{"class":49},[43,71576,54],{"class":53},[43,71578,8659],{"class":236},[43,71580,227],{"class":53},[43,71582,71583,71585,71587,71589,71591,71593],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,71584,50],{"class":49},[43,71586,54],{"class":53},[43,71588,11477],{"class":49},[43,71590,54],{"class":53},[43,71592,8659],{"class":236},[43,71594,67],{"class":53},[43,71596,71597,71599,71601,71603,71605,71607],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,71598,50],{"class":49},[43,71600,54],{"class":53},[43,71602,8659],{"class":236},[43,71604,315],{"class":53},[43,71606,26565],{"class":236},[43,71608,341],{"class":53},[43,71610,71611,71613,71615,71617,71619,71621,71623,71625],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,71612,50],{"class":49},[43,71614,54],{"class":53},[43,71616,8659],{"class":236},[43,71618,315],{"class":53},[43,71620,26565],{"class":236},[43,71622,54],{"class":53},[43,71624,2466],{"class":63},[43,71626,67],{"class":53},[43,71628,71629,71631,71633,71635,71637,71639],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,71630,50],{"class":49},[43,71632,54],{"class":53},[43,71634,248],{"class":57},[43,71636,54],{"class":53},[43,71638,36169],{"class":236},[43,71640,67],{"class":53},[14,71642,71643],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[150,71645,71646,71652],{},[153,71647,71648,71651],{},[18,71649,71650],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[153,71653,71654,71657],{},[18,71655,71656],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[14,71659,71660,71661,71664],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[18,71662,71663],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[29,71666,2162],{"id":2161},[402,71668,71670],{"id":71669},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[14,71672,71673,71674,71676],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[18,71675,13082],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[402,71678,71680],{"id":71679},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[14,71682,71683,71685,71686,71688,71689,315],{},[18,71684,13082],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[18,71687,55585],{}," removes by value and returns ",[18,71690,4099],{},[402,71692,71694],{"id":71693},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[14,71696,71697,71698,71701],{},"Yes. For example, ",[18,71699,71700],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[402,71703,71705],{"id":71704},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[14,71707,71708,71709,71711],{},"Python raises ",[18,71710,70790],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[29,71713,2229],{"id":2228},[150,71715,71716,71720,71725,71730,71735],{},[153,71717,71718],{},[189,71719,55571],{"href":55123},[153,71721,71722],{},[189,71723,71724],{"href":55128},"Python list remove() method",[153,71726,71727],{},[189,71728,71729],{"href":59022},"Python list index() method",[153,71731,71732],{},[189,71733,71734],{"href":51034},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[153,71736,71737],{},[189,71738,69318],{"href":69317},[2262,71740,71741],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":71743},[71744,71745,71746,71747,71748,71749,71750,71755,71761,71762,71768],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":69919,"depth":70,"text":69920},{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":70229,"depth":70,"text":70230},{"id":70358,"depth":70,"text":70359},{"id":70629,"depth":70,"text":70630},{"id":70776,"depth":70,"text":70777,"children":71751},[71752,71753,71754],{"id":70780,"depth":93,"text":70781},{"id":70918,"depth":93,"text":70919},{"id":71101,"depth":93,"text":71102},{"id":71298,"depth":70,"text":71299,"children":71756},[71757,71759],{"id":71305,"depth":93,"text":71758},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71321,"depth":93,"text":71760},"Use remove() when:",{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":71763},[71764,71765,71766,71767],{"id":71669,"depth":93,"text":71670},{"id":71679,"depth":93,"text":71680},{"id":71693,"depth":93,"text":71694},{"id":71704,"depth":93,"text":71705},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69786,"description":71769},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71776,"title":71777,"body":71778,"description":73564,"extension":2312,"meta":73565,"navigation":958,"path":73566,"seo":73567,"stem":73568,"__hash__":73569},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71779,"toc":73546},[71780,71783,71788,71794,71796,71866,71872,71876,71881,71902,71905,71972,71974,71995,72003,72005,72024,72040,72042,72107,72109,72134,72136,72138,72203,72205,72230,72232,72246,72249,72302,72304,72325,72329,72337,72410,72412,72445,72451,72457,72548,72550,72575,72581,72670,72672,72696,72698,72702,72757,72759,72791,72794,72797,72891,72893,72926,72932,72938,72942,72949,72975,72979,73044,73046,73071,73075,73156,73158,73187,73192,73197,73203,73207,73214,73236,73240,73299,73301,73325,73334,73339,73341,73345,73374,73376,73451,73454,73468,73474,73476,73480,73483,73487,73492,73496,73505,73509,73517,73519,73543],[10,71781,71777],{"id":71782},"python-list-remove-method",[14,71784,1073,71785,71787],{},[18,71786,55131],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[14,71789,71790,71791,71793],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[913,71792,307],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[29,71795,32],{"id":31},[34,71797,71799],{"className":36,"code":71798,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[18,71800,71801,71833,71851,71861],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71802,71803,71805,71807,71809,71811,71813,71815,71817,71819,71821,71823,71825,71827,71829,71831],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71804,8104],{"class":207},[43,71806,212],{"class":211},[43,71808,3942],{"class":53},[43,71810,82],{"class":81},[43,71812,4401],{"class":85},[43,71814,82],{"class":81},[43,71816,800],{"class":53},[43,71818,932],{"class":81},[43,71820,4410],{"class":85},[43,71822,82],{"class":81},[43,71824,800],{"class":53},[43,71826,932],{"class":81},[43,71828,33543],{"class":85},[43,71830,82],{"class":81},[43,71832,3955],{"class":53},[43,71834,71835,71837,71839,71841,71843,71845,71847,71849],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,71836,8135],{"class":207},[43,71838,315],{"class":53},[43,71840,35116],{"class":236},[43,71842,54],{"class":53},[43,71844,82],{"class":81},[43,71846,4410],{"class":85},[43,71848,82],{"class":81},[43,71850,227],{"class":53},[43,71852,71853,71855,71857,71859],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,71854,50],{"class":49},[43,71856,54],{"class":53},[43,71858,8135],{"class":236},[43,71860,227],{"class":53},[43,71862,71863],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,71864,71865],{"class":3984},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[14,71867,133,71868,71871],{},[18,71869,71870],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[29,71873,71875],{"id":71874},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[14,71877,71878,71880],{},[18,71879,55585],{}," is a list method that:",[150,71882,71883,71889,71894,71899],{},[153,71884,71885,71886,71888],{},"Deletes the ",[913,71887,30229],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[153,71890,71891,71892],{},"Changes the original list ",[913,71893,11650],{},[153,71895,13023,71896,71898],{},[913,71897,734],{}," return a new list",[153,71900,71901],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[14,71903,71904],{},"This is important for beginners:",[34,71906,71908],{"className":36,"code":71907,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,71909,71910,71930,71948,71952,71962],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71911,71912,71914,71916,71918,71920,71922,71924,71926,71928],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71913,3937],{"class":207},[43,71915,212],{"class":211},[43,71917,3942],{"class":53},[43,71919,797],{"class":63},[43,71921,800],{"class":53},[43,71923,803],{"class":63},[43,71925,800],{"class":53},[43,71927,808],{"class":63},[43,71929,3955],{"class":53},[43,71931,71932,71934,71936,71938,71940,71942,71944,71946],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,71933,1282],{"class":207},[43,71935,212],{"class":211},[43,71937,4586],{"class":207},[43,71939,315],{"class":53},[43,71941,35116],{"class":236},[43,71943,54],{"class":53},[43,71945,447],{"class":63},[43,71947,227],{"class":53},[43,71949,71950],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,71951,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,71953,71954,71956,71958,71960],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,71955,50],{"class":49},[43,71957,54],{"class":53},[43,71959,3969],{"class":236},[43,71961,227],{"class":53},[43,71963,71964,71966,71968,71970],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,71965,50],{"class":49},[43,71967,54],{"class":53},[43,71969,1306],{"class":236},[43,71971,227],{"class":53},[14,71973,110],{},[34,71975,71977],{"className":36,"code":71976,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[18,71978,71979,71991],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,71980,71981,71983,71985,71987,71989],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,71982,4221],{"class":53},[43,71984,797],{"class":63},[43,71986,800],{"class":53},[43,71988,808],{"class":63},[43,71990,3955],{"class":53},[43,71992,71993],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,71994,12126],{"class":104},[14,71996,71997,71998,72000,72001,315],{},"The list changed, but ",[18,71999,55585],{}," itself returned ",[18,72002,4099],{},[29,72004,5756],{"id":5755},[34,72006,72008],{"className":36,"code":72007,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"list.remove(value)\n",[18,72009,72010],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72011,72012,72014,72016,72018,72020,72022],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72013,849],{"class":57},[43,72015,315],{"class":53},[43,72017,35116],{"class":236},[43,72019,54],{"class":53},[43,72021,307],{"class":236},[43,72023,227],{"class":53},[150,72025,72026,72031,72034],{},[153,72027,72028,72030],{},[18,72029,307],{}," is the item you want to delete",[153,72032,72033],{},"Python searches from left to right",[153,72035,72036,72037,72039],{},"Only the ",[913,72038,30229],{}," matching value is removed",[14,72041,197],{},[34,72043,72045],{"className":36,"code":72044,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,72046,72047,72079,72097],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72048,72049,72051,72053,72055,72057,72059,72061,72063,72065,72067,72069,72071,72073,72075,72077],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72050,36414],{"class":207},[43,72052,212],{"class":211},[43,72054,3942],{"class":53},[43,72056,82],{"class":81},[43,72058,189],{"class":85},[43,72060,82],{"class":81},[43,72062,800],{"class":53},[43,72064,932],{"class":81},[43,72066,1231],{"class":85},[43,72068,82],{"class":81},[43,72070,800],{"class":53},[43,72072,932],{"class":81},[43,72074,10055],{"class":85},[43,72076,82],{"class":81},[43,72078,3955],{"class":53},[43,72080,72081,72083,72085,72087,72089,72091,72093,72095],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,72082,36467],{"class":207},[43,72084,315],{"class":53},[43,72086,35116],{"class":236},[43,72088,54],{"class":53},[43,72090,82],{"class":81},[43,72092,1231],{"class":85},[43,72094,82],{"class":81},[43,72096,227],{"class":53},[43,72098,72099,72101,72103,72105],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,72100,50],{"class":49},[43,72102,54],{"class":53},[43,72104,36467],{"class":236},[43,72106,227],{"class":53},[14,72108,110],{},[34,72110,72112],{"className":36,"code":72111,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['a', 'c']\n",[18,72113,72114],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72115,72116,72118,72120,72122,72124,72126,72128,72130,72132],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72117,4221],{"class":53},[43,72119,283],{"class":81},[43,72121,189],{"class":85},[43,72123,283],{"class":81},[43,72125,800],{"class":53},[43,72127,278],{"class":81},[43,72129,10055],{"class":85},[43,72131,283],{"class":81},[43,72133,3955],{"class":53},[29,72135,6113],{"id":6112},[14,72137,65233],{},[34,72139,72141],{"className":36,"code":72140,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,72142,72143,72175,72193],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72144,72145,72147,72149,72151,72153,72155,72157,72159,72161,72163,72165,72167,72169,72171,72173],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72146,13396],{"class":207},[43,72148,212],{"class":211},[43,72150,3942],{"class":53},[43,72152,82],{"class":81},[43,72154,13413],{"class":85},[43,72156,82],{"class":81},[43,72158,800],{"class":53},[43,72160,932],{"class":81},[43,72162,13430],{"class":85},[43,72164,82],{"class":81},[43,72166,800],{"class":53},[43,72168,932],{"class":81},[43,72170,17777],{"class":85},[43,72172,82],{"class":81},[43,72174,3955],{"class":53},[43,72176,72177,72179,72181,72183,72185,72187,72189,72191],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,72178,17824],{"class":207},[43,72180,315],{"class":53},[43,72182,35116],{"class":236},[43,72184,54],{"class":53},[43,72186,82],{"class":81},[43,72188,13430],{"class":85},[43,72190,82],{"class":81},[43,72192,227],{"class":53},[43,72194,72195,72197,72199,72201],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,72196,50],{"class":49},[43,72198,54],{"class":53},[43,72200,17824],{"class":236},[43,72202,227],{"class":53},[14,72204,110],{},[34,72206,72208],{"className":36,"code":72207,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['red', 'green']\n",[18,72209,72210],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72211,72212,72214,72216,72218,72220,72222,72224,72226,72228],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72213,4221],{"class":53},[43,72215,283],{"class":81},[43,72217,13413],{"class":85},[43,72219,283],{"class":81},[43,72221,800],{"class":53},[43,72223,278],{"class":81},[43,72225,17777],{"class":85},[43,72227,283],{"class":81},[43,72229,3955],{"class":53},[14,72231,12001],{},[150,72233,72234,72237,72243],{},[153,72235,72236],{},"A list is created with three values",[153,72238,72239,72242],{},[18,72240,72241],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[153,72244,72245],{},"The list is printed after the change",[14,72247,72248],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[34,72250,72252],{"className":36,"code":72251,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,72253,72254,72278,72292],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72255,72256,72258,72260,72262,72264,72266,72268,72270,72272,72274,72276],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72257,5387],{"class":207},[43,72259,212],{"class":211},[43,72261,3942],{"class":53},[43,72263,512],{"class":63},[43,72265,800],{"class":53},[43,72267,8115],{"class":63},[43,72269,800],{"class":53},[43,72271,8120],{"class":63},[43,72273,800],{"class":53},[43,72275,50898],{"class":63},[43,72277,3955],{"class":53},[43,72279,72280,72282,72284,72286,72288,72290],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,72281,16711],{"class":207},[43,72283,315],{"class":53},[43,72285,35116],{"class":236},[43,72287,54],{"class":53},[43,72289,37166],{"class":63},[43,72291,227],{"class":53},[43,72293,72294,72296,72298,72300],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,72295,50],{"class":49},[43,72297,54],{"class":53},[43,72299,16711],{"class":236},[43,72301,227],{"class":53},[14,72303,110],{},[34,72305,72307],{"className":36,"code":72306,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[18,72308,72309],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72310,72311,72313,72315,72317,72319,72321,72323],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72312,4221],{"class":53},[43,72314,512],{"class":63},[43,72316,800],{"class":53},[43,72318,8115],{"class":63},[43,72320,800],{"class":53},[43,72322,50898],{"class":63},[43,72324,3955],{"class":53},[29,72326,72328],{"id":72327},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[14,72330,65223,72331,72333,72334,72336],{},[18,72332,55585],{}," deletes only the ",[913,72335,30229],{}," one.",[34,72338,72340],{"className":36,"code":72339,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,72341,72342,72382,72400],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72343,72344,72346,72348,72350,72352,72354,72356,72358,72360,72362,72364,72366,72368,72370,72372,72374,72376,72378,72380],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72345,8104],{"class":207},[43,72347,212],{"class":211},[43,72349,3942],{"class":53},[43,72351,82],{"class":81},[43,72353,4401],{"class":85},[43,72355,82],{"class":81},[43,72357,800],{"class":53},[43,72359,932],{"class":81},[43,72361,4410],{"class":85},[43,72363,82],{"class":81},[43,72365,800],{"class":53},[43,72367,932],{"class":81},[43,72369,4401],{"class":85},[43,72371,82],{"class":81},[43,72373,800],{"class":53},[43,72375,932],{"class":81},[43,72377,33543],{"class":85},[43,72379,82],{"class":81},[43,72381,3955],{"class":53},[43,72383,72384,72386,72388,72390,72392,72394,72396,72398],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,72385,8135],{"class":207},[43,72387,315],{"class":53},[43,72389,35116],{"class":236},[43,72391,54],{"class":53},[43,72393,82],{"class":81},[43,72395,4401],{"class":85},[43,72397,82],{"class":81},[43,72399,227],{"class":53},[43,72401,72402,72404,72406,72408],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,72403,50],{"class":49},[43,72405,54],{"class":53},[43,72407,8135],{"class":236},[43,72409,227],{"class":53},[14,72411,110],{},[34,72413,72415],{"className":36,"code":72414,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[18,72416,72417],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72418,72419,72421,72423,72425,72427,72429,72431,72433,72435,72437,72439,72441,72443],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72420,4221],{"class":53},[43,72422,283],{"class":81},[43,72424,4410],{"class":85},[43,72426,283],{"class":81},[43,72428,800],{"class":53},[43,72430,278],{"class":81},[43,72432,4401],{"class":85},[43,72434,283],{"class":81},[43,72436,800],{"class":53},[43,72438,278],{"class":81},[43,72440,33543],{"class":85},[43,72442,283],{"class":81},[43,72444,3955],{"class":53},[14,72446,72447,72448,72450],{},"Only the first ",[18,72449,57890],{}," was removed.",[14,72452,72453,72454,72456],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[18,72455,55585],{}," again:",[34,72458,72460],{"className":36,"code":72459,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,72461,72462,72502,72520,72538],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72463,72464,72466,72468,72470,72472,72474,72476,72478,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488,72490,72492,72494,72496,72498,72500],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72465,8104],{"class":207},[43,72467,212],{"class":211},[43,72469,3942],{"class":53},[43,72471,82],{"class":81},[43,72473,4401],{"class":85},[43,72475,82],{"class":81},[43,72477,800],{"class":53},[43,72479,932],{"class":81},[43,72481,4410],{"class":85},[43,72483,82],{"class":81},[43,72485,800],{"class":53},[43,72487,932],{"class":81},[43,72489,4401],{"class":85},[43,72491,82],{"class":81},[43,72493,800],{"class":53},[43,72495,932],{"class":81},[43,72497,33543],{"class":85},[43,72499,82],{"class":81},[43,72501,3955],{"class":53},[43,72503,72504,72506,72508,72510,72512,72514,72516,72518],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,72505,8135],{"class":207},[43,72507,315],{"class":53},[43,72509,35116],{"class":236},[43,72511,54],{"class":53},[43,72513,82],{"class":81},[43,72515,4401],{"class":85},[43,72517,82],{"class":81},[43,72519,227],{"class":53},[43,72521,72522,72524,72526,72528,72530,72532,72534,72536],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,72523,8135],{"class":207},[43,72525,315],{"class":53},[43,72527,35116],{"class":236},[43,72529,54],{"class":53},[43,72531,82],{"class":81},[43,72533,4401],{"class":85},[43,72535,82],{"class":81},[43,72537,227],{"class":53},[43,72539,72540,72542,72544,72546],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,72541,50],{"class":49},[43,72543,54],{"class":53},[43,72545,8135],{"class":236},[43,72547,227],{"class":53},[14,72549,110],{},[34,72551,72553],{"className":36,"code":72552,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[18,72554,72555],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72556,72557,72559,72561,72563,72565,72567,72569,72571,72573],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72558,4221],{"class":53},[43,72560,283],{"class":81},[43,72562,4410],{"class":85},[43,72564,283],{"class":81},[43,72566,800],{"class":53},[43,72568,278],{"class":81},[43,72570,33543],{"class":85},[43,72572,283],{"class":81},[43,72574,3955],{"class":53},[14,72576,72577,72578,72580],{},"If you need to remove ",[913,72579,4037],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[34,72582,72584],{"className":36,"code":72583,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[18,72585,72586,72626,72660],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72587,72588,72590,72592,72594,72596,72598,72600,72602,72604,72606,72608,72610,72612,72614,72616,72618,72620,72622,72624],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72589,8104],{"class":207},[43,72591,212],{"class":211},[43,72593,3942],{"class":53},[43,72595,82],{"class":81},[43,72597,4401],{"class":85},[43,72599,82],{"class":81},[43,72601,800],{"class":53},[43,72603,932],{"class":81},[43,72605,4410],{"class":85},[43,72607,82],{"class":81},[43,72609,800],{"class":53},[43,72611,932],{"class":81},[43,72613,4401],{"class":85},[43,72615,82],{"class":81},[43,72617,800],{"class":53},[43,72619,932],{"class":81},[43,72621,33543],{"class":85},[43,72623,82],{"class":81},[43,72625,3955],{"class":53},[43,72627,72628,72630,72632,72634,72636,72638,72640,72642,72645,72647,72649,72652,72654,72656,72658],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,72629,8104],{"class":207},[43,72631,212],{"class":211},[43,72633,3942],{"class":53},[43,72635,28863],{"class":207},[43,72637,6284],{"class":1927},[43,72639,6287],{"class":207},[43,72641,4203],{"class":1927},[43,72643,72644],{"class":207}," items ",[43,72646,7323],{"class":1927},[43,72648,6287],{"class":207},[43,72650,72651],{"class":211},"!=",[43,72653,932],{"class":81},[43,72655,4401],{"class":85},[43,72657,82],{"class":81},[43,72659,3955],{"class":53},[43,72661,72662,72664,72666,72668],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,72663,50],{"class":49},[43,72665,54],{"class":53},[43,72667,8135],{"class":236},[43,72669,227],{"class":53},[14,72671,110],{},[34,72673,72674],{"className":36,"code":72552,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,72675,72676],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72677,72678,72680,72682,72684,72686,72688,72690,72692,72694],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72679,4221],{"class":53},[43,72681,283],{"class":81},[43,72683,4410],{"class":85},[43,72685,283],{"class":81},[43,72687,800],{"class":53},[43,72689,278],{"class":81},[43,72691,33543],{"class":85},[43,72693,283],{"class":81},[43,72695,3955],{"class":53},[29,72697,65689],{"id":65688},[14,72699,65692,72700,315],{},[18,72701,690],{},[34,72703,72705],{"className":36,"code":72704,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[18,72706,72707,72739],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72708,72709,72711,72713,72715,72717,72719,72721,72723,72725,72727,72729,72731,72733,72735,72737],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72710,8104],{"class":207},[43,72712,212],{"class":211},[43,72714,3942],{"class":53},[43,72716,82],{"class":81},[43,72718,4401],{"class":85},[43,72720,82],{"class":81},[43,72722,800],{"class":53},[43,72724,932],{"class":81},[43,72726,4410],{"class":85},[43,72728,82],{"class":81},[43,72730,800],{"class":53},[43,72732,932],{"class":81},[43,72734,33543],{"class":85},[43,72736,82],{"class":81},[43,72738,3955],{"class":53},[43,72740,72741,72743,72745,72747,72749,72751,72753,72755],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,72742,8135],{"class":207},[43,72744,315],{"class":53},[43,72746,35116],{"class":236},[43,72748,54],{"class":53},[43,72750,82],{"class":81},[43,72752,22856],{"class":85},[43,72754,82],{"class":81},[43,72756,227],{"class":53},[14,72758,110],{},[34,72760,72762],{"className":36,"code":72761,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[18,72763,72764],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72765,72766,72768,72770,72772,72774,72776,72778,72780,72782,72784,72786,72788],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72767,690],{"class":57},[43,72769,325],{"class":53},[43,72771,22883],{"class":57},[43,72773,315],{"class":53},[43,72775,35116],{"class":236},[43,72777,54],{"class":53},[43,72779,2519],{"class":236},[43,72781,16774],{"class":53},[43,72783,4200],{"class":207},[43,72785,734],{"class":211},[43,72787,21497],{"class":211},[43,72789,72790],{"class":57}," list\n",[14,72792,72793],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[14,72795,72796],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[34,72798,72800],{"className":36,"code":72799,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,72801,72802,72834,72846,72850,72862,72877,72881],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72803,72804,72806,72808,72810,72812,72814,72816,72818,72820,72822,72824,72826,72828,72830,72832],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72805,8104],{"class":207},[43,72807,212],{"class":211},[43,72809,3942],{"class":53},[43,72811,82],{"class":81},[43,72813,4401],{"class":85},[43,72815,82],{"class":81},[43,72817,800],{"class":53},[43,72819,932],{"class":81},[43,72821,4410],{"class":85},[43,72823,82],{"class":81},[43,72825,800],{"class":53},[43,72827,932],{"class":81},[43,72829,33543],{"class":85},[43,72831,82],{"class":81},[43,72833,3955],{"class":53},[43,72835,72836,72838,72840,72842,72844],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,72837,1589],{"class":207},[43,72839,212],{"class":211},[43,72841,932],{"class":81},[43,72843,22856],{"class":85},[43,72845,938],{"class":81},[43,72847,72848],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,72849,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,72851,72852,72854,72856,72858,72860],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,72853,7323],{"class":1927},[43,72855,21907],{"class":207},[43,72857,4203],{"class":211},[43,72859,6292],{"class":207},[43,72861,1931],{"class":53},[43,72863,72864,72867,72869,72871,72873,72875],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,72865,72866],{"class":207},"    items",[43,72868,315],{"class":53},[43,72870,35116],{"class":236},[43,72872,54],{"class":53},[43,72874,307],{"class":236},[43,72876,227],{"class":53},[43,72878,72879],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,72880,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,72882,72883,72885,72887,72889],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,72884,50],{"class":49},[43,72886,54],{"class":53},[43,72888,8135],{"class":236},[43,72890,227],{"class":53},[14,72892,110],{},[34,72894,72896],{"className":36,"code":72895,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[18,72897,72898],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72899,72900,72902,72904,72906,72908,72910,72912,72914,72916,72918,72920,72922,72924],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72901,4221],{"class":53},[43,72903,283],{"class":81},[43,72905,4401],{"class":85},[43,72907,283],{"class":81},[43,72909,800],{"class":53},[43,72911,278],{"class":81},[43,72913,4410],{"class":85},[43,72915,283],{"class":81},[43,72917,800],{"class":53},[43,72919,278],{"class":81},[43,72921,33543],{"class":85},[43,72923,283],{"class":81},[43,72925,3955],{"class":53},[14,72927,72928,72929,72931],{},"This avoids the error because ",[18,72930,55585],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[14,72933,72934,72935,315],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[189,72936,65898],{"href":72937},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[29,72939,72941],{"id":72940},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[14,72943,72944,895,72946,72948],{},[18,72945,55585],{},[18,72947,13082],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[150,72950,72951,72958,72964,72970],{},[153,72952,72953,72955,72956],{},[18,72954,55585],{}," deletes by ",[913,72957,307],{},[153,72959,72960,72955,72962],{},[18,72961,13082],{},[913,72963,36169],{},[153,72965,72966,2733,72968],{},[18,72967,55585],{},[18,72969,4099],{},[153,72971,72972,72974],{},[18,72973,13082],{}," returns the removed item",[14,72976,46093,72977,325],{},[18,72978,55585],{},[34,72980,72982],{"className":36,"code":72981,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,72983,72984,73016,73034],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,72985,72986,72988,72990,72992,72994,72996,72998,73000,73002,73004,73006,73008,73010,73012,73014],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,72987,8104],{"class":207},[43,72989,212],{"class":211},[43,72991,3942],{"class":53},[43,72993,82],{"class":81},[43,72995,4401],{"class":85},[43,72997,82],{"class":81},[43,72999,800],{"class":53},[43,73001,932],{"class":81},[43,73003,4410],{"class":85},[43,73005,82],{"class":81},[43,73007,800],{"class":53},[43,73009,932],{"class":81},[43,73011,33543],{"class":85},[43,73013,82],{"class":81},[43,73015,3955],{"class":53},[43,73017,73018,73020,73022,73024,73026,73028,73030,73032],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,73019,8135],{"class":207},[43,73021,315],{"class":53},[43,73023,35116],{"class":236},[43,73025,54],{"class":53},[43,73027,82],{"class":81},[43,73029,4410],{"class":85},[43,73031,82],{"class":81},[43,73033,227],{"class":53},[43,73035,73036,73038,73040,73042],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,73037,50],{"class":49},[43,73039,54],{"class":53},[43,73041,8135],{"class":236},[43,73043,227],{"class":53},[14,73045,110],{},[34,73047,73049],{"className":36,"code":73048,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[18,73050,73051],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73052,73053,73055,73057,73059,73061,73063,73065,73067,73069],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73054,4221],{"class":53},[43,73056,283],{"class":81},[43,73058,4401],{"class":85},[43,73060,283],{"class":81},[43,73062,800],{"class":53},[43,73064,278],{"class":81},[43,73066,33543],{"class":85},[43,73068,283],{"class":81},[43,73070,3955],{"class":53},[14,73072,46093,73073,325],{},[18,73074,13082],{},[34,73076,73078],{"className":36,"code":73077,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[18,73079,73080,73112,73131,73135,73145],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73081,73082,73084,73086,73088,73090,73092,73094,73096,73098,73100,73102,73104,73106,73108,73110],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73083,8104],{"class":207},[43,73085,212],{"class":211},[43,73087,3942],{"class":53},[43,73089,82],{"class":81},[43,73091,4401],{"class":85},[43,73093,82],{"class":81},[43,73095,800],{"class":53},[43,73097,932],{"class":81},[43,73099,4410],{"class":85},[43,73101,82],{"class":81},[43,73103,800],{"class":53},[43,73105,932],{"class":81},[43,73107,33543],{"class":85},[43,73109,82],{"class":81},[43,73111,3955],{"class":53},[43,73113,73114,73117,73119,73121,73123,73125,73127,73129],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,73115,73116],{"class":207},"removed_item ",[43,73118,212],{"class":211},[43,73120,6292],{"class":207},[43,73122,315],{"class":53},[43,73124,26565],{"class":236},[43,73126,54],{"class":53},[43,73128,797],{"class":63},[43,73130,227],{"class":53},[43,73132,73133],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,73134,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,73136,73137,73139,73141,73143],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,73138,50],{"class":49},[43,73140,54],{"class":53},[43,73142,8135],{"class":236},[43,73144,227],{"class":53},[43,73146,73147,73149,73151,73154],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,73148,50],{"class":49},[43,73150,54],{"class":53},[43,73152,73153],{"class":236},"removed_item",[43,73155,227],{"class":53},[14,73157,110],{},[34,73159,73161],{"className":36,"code":73160,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[18,73162,73163,73183],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73164,73165,73167,73169,73171,73173,73175,73177,73179,73181],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73166,4221],{"class":53},[43,73168,283],{"class":81},[43,73170,4401],{"class":85},[43,73172,283],{"class":81},[43,73174,800],{"class":53},[43,73176,278],{"class":81},[43,73178,33543],{"class":85},[43,73180,283],{"class":81},[43,73182,3955],{"class":53},[43,73184,73185],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,73186,70465],{"class":207},[14,73188,133,73189,73191],{},[18,73190,55585],{}," when you know the item value.",[14,73193,133,73194,73196],{},[18,73195,13082],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[14,73198,73199,73200,315],{},"For more detail, see the ",[189,73201,73202],{"href":55135},"Python list pop() method",[29,73204,73206],{"id":73205},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[14,73208,73209,895,73211,73213],{},[18,73210,55585],{},[18,73212,27349],{}," are also different.",[150,73215,73216,73221,73226,73231],{},[153,73217,73218,73220],{},[18,73219,55585],{}," deletes by matching value",[153,73222,73223,73225],{},[18,73224,27349],{}," deletes by index or slice",[153,73227,133,73228,73230],{},[18,73229,27349],{}," when you know the position",[153,73232,133,73233,73235],{},[18,73234,55585],{}," when you know the item value",[14,73237,46093,73238,325],{},[18,73239,27349],{},[34,73241,73243],{"className":36,"code":73242,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[18,73244,73245,73277,73289],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73246,73247,73249,73251,73253,73255,73257,73259,73261,73263,73265,73267,73269,73271,73273,73275],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73248,8104],{"class":207},[43,73250,212],{"class":211},[43,73252,3942],{"class":53},[43,73254,82],{"class":81},[43,73256,4401],{"class":85},[43,73258,82],{"class":81},[43,73260,800],{"class":53},[43,73262,932],{"class":81},[43,73264,4410],{"class":85},[43,73266,82],{"class":81},[43,73268,800],{"class":53},[43,73270,932],{"class":81},[43,73272,33543],{"class":85},[43,73274,82],{"class":81},[43,73276,3955],{"class":53},[43,73278,73279,73281,73283,73285,73287],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,73280,27349],{"class":1927},[43,73282,6292],{"class":207},[43,73284,4221],{"class":53},[43,73286,797],{"class":63},[43,73288,3955],{"class":53},[43,73290,73291,73293,73295,73297],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,73292,50],{"class":49},[43,73294,54],{"class":53},[43,73296,8135],{"class":236},[43,73298,227],{"class":53},[14,73300,110],{},[34,73302,73303],{"className":36,"code":73048,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,73304,73305],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73306,73307,73309,73311,73313,73315,73317,73319,73321,73323],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73308,4221],{"class":53},[43,73310,283],{"class":81},[43,73312,4401],{"class":85},[43,73314,283],{"class":81},[43,73316,800],{"class":53},[43,73318,278],{"class":81},[43,73320,33543],{"class":85},[43,73322,283],{"class":81},[43,73324,3955],{"class":53},[14,73326,73327,73328,73330,73331,73333],{},"This removed the item at index ",[18,73329,797],{},", not the value ",[18,73332,65333],{}," directly.",[14,73335,73336,73337,315],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[189,73338,55124],{"href":55123},[29,73340,3160],{"id":3159},[14,73342,21535,73343,325],{},[18,73344,55585],{},[150,73346,73347,73350,73355,73362,73371],{},[153,73348,73349],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[153,73351,8773,73352,73354],{},[18,73353,55585],{}," to delete all matching values",[153,73356,12913,73357,73359,73360],{},[18,73358,55585],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[18,73361,4099],{},[153,73363,8738,73364,44682,73366,2172,73368,73370],{},[18,73365,55585],{},[18,73367,13082],{},[18,73369,27349],{}," would be a better fit",[153,73372,73373],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[14,73375,71565],{},[34,73377,73379],{"className":36,"code":73378,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[18,73380,73381,73391,73405,73423,73437],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73382,73383,73385,73387,73389],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73384,50],{"class":49},[43,73386,54],{"class":53},[43,73388,8659],{"class":236},[43,73390,227],{"class":53},[43,73392,73393,73395,73397,73399,73401,73403],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,73394,50],{"class":49},[43,73396,54],{"class":53},[43,73398,1589],{"class":236},[43,73400,4203],{"class":1927},[43,73402,8716],{"class":236},[43,73404,227],{"class":53},[43,73406,73407,73409,73411,73413,73415,73417,73419,73421],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,73408,50],{"class":49},[43,73410,54],{"class":53},[43,73412,8659],{"class":236},[43,73414,315],{"class":53},[43,73416,1291],{"class":236},[43,73418,54],{"class":53},[43,73420,307],{"class":236},[43,73422,67],{"class":53},[43,73424,73425,73427,73429,73431,73433,73435],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,73426,50],{"class":49},[43,73428,54],{"class":53},[43,73430,248],{"class":57},[43,73432,54],{"class":53},[43,73434,8659],{"class":236},[43,73436,67],{"class":53},[43,73438,73439,73441,73443,73445,73447,73449],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,73440,32474],{"class":49},[43,73442,54],{"class":53},[43,73444,849],{"class":57},[43,73446,315],{"class":53},[43,73448,35116],{"class":25074},[43,73450,227],{"class":53},[14,73452,73453],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[150,73455,73456,73459,73462,73465],{},[153,73457,73458],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[153,73460,73461],{},"How many times does it appear?",[153,73463,73464],{},"Am I working with a list?",[153,73466,73467],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[14,73469,73470,73471,73473],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[189,73472,71729],{"href":59022}," may also help.",[29,73475,2162],{"id":2161},[402,73477,73479],{"id":73478},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[14,73481,73482],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[402,73484,73486],{"id":73485},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[14,73488,2206,73489,73491],{},[18,73490,4099],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[402,73493,73495],{"id":73494},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[14,73497,73498,73499,73502,73503,315],{},"Check with ",[18,73500,73501],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[18,73504,55585],{},[402,73506,73508],{"id":73507},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[14,73510,133,73511,73513,73514,73516],{},[18,73512,55585],{}," for a value and ",[18,73515,13082],{}," for an index.",[29,73518,2229],{"id":2228},[150,73520,73521,73525,73529,73533,73537],{},[153,73522,73523],{},[189,73524,55571],{"href":55123},[153,73526,73527],{},[189,73528,73202],{"href":55135},[153,73530,73531],{},[189,73532,71729],{"href":59022},[153,73534,73535],{},[189,73536,65898],{"href":72937},[153,73538,73539],{},[189,73540,73542],{"href":73541},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2262,73544,73545],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":73547},[73548,73549,73550,73551,73552,73553,73554,73555,73556,73557,73563],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":71874,"depth":70,"text":71875},{"id":5755,"depth":70,"text":5756},{"id":6112,"depth":70,"text":6113},{"id":72327,"depth":70,"text":72328},{"id":65688,"depth":70,"text":65689},{"id":72940,"depth":70,"text":72941},{"id":73205,"depth":70,"text":73206},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":73558},[73559,73560,73561,73562],{"id":73478,"depth":93,"text":73479},{"id":73485,"depth":93,"text":73486},{"id":73494,"depth":93,"text":73495},{"id":73507,"depth":93,"text":73508},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71777,"description":73564},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73571,"title":73572,"body":73573,"description":75464,"extension":2312,"meta":75465,"navigation":958,"path":75466,"seo":75467,"stem":75468,"__hash__":75469},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73574,"toc":75434},[73575,73581,73587,73590,73601,73603,73652,73657,73662,73666,73681,73683,73748,73750,73791,73793,73795,73810,73812,73823,73825,73882,73884,73917,73919,73922,73971,73973,73998,74000,74016,74022,74029,74090,74092,74125,74130,74133,74213,74215,74276,74282,74286,74289,74353,74355,74380,74382,74402,74404,74453,74455,74476,74485,74488,74492,74497,74542,74544,74565,74571,74576,74584,74648,74650,74687,74693,74697,74704,74769,74771,74808,74812,74829,74839,74844,74849,74860,74867,74869,74875,74898,74901,74928,74933,74936,75037,75039,75094,75097,75204,75206,75277,75280,75306,75308,75313,75317,75325,75330,75335,75341,75346,75350,75353,75370,75373,75393,75401,75403,75431],[10,73576,54398,73578,11638],{"id":73577},"python-list-reverse-method",[18,73579,73580],{},"reverse()",[14,73582,73583,73586],{},[18,73584,73585],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[14,73588,73589],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[14,73591,73592,73593,73595,73596,73600],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[18,73594,73580],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[189,73597,73599],{"href":73598},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[29,73602,3927],{"id":3926},[34,73604,73606],{"className":36,"code":73605,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[18,73607,73608,73628,73639],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73609,73610,73612,73614,73616,73618,73620,73622,73624,73626],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73611,3937],{"class":207},[43,73613,212],{"class":211},[43,73615,3942],{"class":53},[43,73617,797],{"class":63},[43,73619,800],{"class":53},[43,73621,803],{"class":63},[43,73623,800],{"class":53},[43,73625,808],{"class":63},[43,73627,3955],{"class":53},[43,73629,73630,73632,73634,73637],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,73631,3969],{"class":207},[43,73633,315],{"class":53},[43,73635,73636],{"class":236},"reverse",[43,73638,1728],{"class":53},[43,73640,73641,73643,73645,73647,73649],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,73642,50],{"class":49},[43,73644,54],{"class":53},[43,73646,3969],{"class":236},[43,73648,1221],{"class":53},[43,73650,73651],{"class":3984},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[14,73653,73654,73656],{},[18,73655,73580],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[29,73658,3998,73660,4001],{"id":73659},"what-listreverse-does",[18,73661,73585],{},[14,73663,73664,325],{},[18,73665,73585],{},[150,73667,73668,73671,73674,73678],{},[153,73669,73670],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[153,73672,73673],{},"Changes the original list directly",[153,73675,11740,73676],{},[18,73677,4099],{},[153,73679,73680],{},"Works only on list objects",[14,73682,197],{},[34,73684,73686],{"className":36,"code":73685,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[18,73687,73688,73728,73738],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73689,73690,73692,73694,73696,73698,73700,73702,73704,73706,73708,73710,73712,73714,73716,73718,73720,73722,73724,73726],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73691,36414],{"class":207},[43,73693,212],{"class":211},[43,73695,3942],{"class":53},[43,73697,82],{"class":81},[43,73699,189],{"class":85},[43,73701,82],{"class":81},[43,73703,800],{"class":53},[43,73705,932],{"class":81},[43,73707,1231],{"class":85},[43,73709,82],{"class":81},[43,73711,800],{"class":53},[43,73713,932],{"class":81},[43,73715,10055],{"class":85},[43,73717,82],{"class":81},[43,73719,800],{"class":53},[43,73721,932],{"class":81},[43,73723,19090],{"class":85},[43,73725,82],{"class":81},[43,73727,3955],{"class":53},[43,73729,73730,73732,73734,73736],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,73731,36467],{"class":207},[43,73733,315],{"class":53},[43,73735,73636],{"class":236},[43,73737,1728],{"class":53},[43,73739,73740,73742,73744,73746],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,73741,50],{"class":49},[43,73743,54],{"class":53},[43,73745,36467],{"class":236},[43,73747,227],{"class":53},[14,73749,110],{},[34,73751,73753],{"className":36,"code":73752,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[18,73754,73755],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73756,73757,73759,73761,73763,73765,73767,73769,73771,73773,73775,73777,73779,73781,73783,73785,73787,73789],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73758,4221],{"class":53},[43,73760,283],{"class":81},[43,73762,19090],{"class":85},[43,73764,283],{"class":81},[43,73766,800],{"class":53},[43,73768,278],{"class":81},[43,73770,10055],{"class":85},[43,73772,283],{"class":81},[43,73774,800],{"class":53},[43,73776,278],{"class":81},[43,73778,1231],{"class":85},[43,73780,283],{"class":81},[43,73782,800],{"class":53},[43,73784,278],{"class":81},[43,73786,189],{"class":85},[43,73788,283],{"class":81},[43,73790,3955],{"class":53},[29,73792,290],{"id":289},[14,73794,2505],{},[34,73796,73798],{"className":36,"code":73797,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list.reverse()\n",[18,73799,73800],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73801,73802,73804,73806,73808],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73803,8659],{"class":207},[43,73805,315],{"class":53},[43,73807,73636],{"class":236},[43,73809,1728],{"class":53},[14,73811,13372],{},[150,73813,73814,73817,73820],{},[153,73815,73816],{},"No arguments are needed",[153,73818,73819],{},"You call it on an existing list",[153,73821,73822],{},"It only works on lists",[14,73824,197],{},[34,73826,73828],{"className":36,"code":73827,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[18,73829,73830,73862,73872],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73831,73832,73834,73836,73838,73840,73842,73844,73846,73848,73850,73852,73854,73856,73858,73860],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73833,13396],{"class":207},[43,73835,212],{"class":211},[43,73837,3942],{"class":53},[43,73839,82],{"class":81},[43,73841,13413],{"class":85},[43,73843,82],{"class":81},[43,73845,800],{"class":53},[43,73847,932],{"class":81},[43,73849,17777],{"class":85},[43,73851,82],{"class":81},[43,73853,800],{"class":53},[43,73855,932],{"class":81},[43,73857,13430],{"class":85},[43,73859,82],{"class":81},[43,73861,3955],{"class":53},[43,73863,73864,73866,73868,73870],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,73865,17824],{"class":207},[43,73867,315],{"class":53},[43,73869,73636],{"class":236},[43,73871,1728],{"class":53},[43,73873,73874,73876,73878,73880],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,73875,50],{"class":49},[43,73877,54],{"class":53},[43,73879,17824],{"class":236},[43,73881,227],{"class":53},[14,73883,110],{},[34,73885,73887],{"className":36,"code":73886,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[18,73888,73889],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73890,73891,73893,73895,73897,73899,73901,73903,73905,73907,73909,73911,73913,73915],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73892,4221],{"class":53},[43,73894,283],{"class":81},[43,73896,13430],{"class":85},[43,73898,283],{"class":81},[43,73900,800],{"class":53},[43,73902,278],{"class":81},[43,73904,17777],{"class":85},[43,73906,283],{"class":81},[43,73908,800],{"class":53},[43,73910,278],{"class":81},[43,73912,13413],{"class":85},[43,73914,283],{"class":81},[43,73916,3955],{"class":53},[29,73918,11792],{"id":11791},[14,73920,73921],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[34,73923,73925],{"className":36,"code":73924,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,73926,73927,73951,73961],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73928,73929,73931,73933,73935,73937,73939,73941,73943,73945,73947,73949],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73930,3937],{"class":207},[43,73932,212],{"class":211},[43,73934,3942],{"class":53},[43,73936,512],{"class":63},[43,73938,800],{"class":53},[43,73940,8115],{"class":63},[43,73942,800],{"class":53},[43,73944,8120],{"class":63},[43,73946,800],{"class":53},[43,73948,50898],{"class":63},[43,73950,3955],{"class":53},[43,73952,73953,73955,73957,73959],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,73954,3969],{"class":207},[43,73956,315],{"class":53},[43,73958,73636],{"class":236},[43,73960,1728],{"class":53},[43,73962,73963,73965,73967,73969],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,73964,50],{"class":49},[43,73966,54],{"class":53},[43,73968,3969],{"class":236},[43,73970,227],{"class":53},[14,73972,110],{},[34,73974,73976],{"className":36,"code":73975,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,73977,73978],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,73979,73980,73982,73984,73986,73988,73990,73992,73994,73996],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,73981,4221],{"class":53},[43,73983,56749],{"class":63},[43,73985,800],{"class":53},[43,73987,8120],{"class":63},[43,73989,800],{"class":53},[43,73991,8115],{"class":63},[43,73993,800],{"class":53},[43,73995,6331],{"class":63},[43,73997,3955],{"class":53},[14,73999,12001],{},[150,74001,74002,74008,74013],{},[153,74003,74004,74005],{},"The list starts as ",[18,74006,74007],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[153,74009,74010,74012],{},[18,74011,73580],{}," flips the order",[153,74014,74015],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[29,74017,74019,74021],{"id":74018},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[18,74020,73580],{}," changes the original list",[14,74023,74024,74025,74028],{},"This method is ",[913,74026,74027],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[34,74030,74032],{"className":36,"code":74031,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,74033,74034,74066,74076,74080],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74035,74036,74038,74040,74042,74044,74046,74048,74050,74052,74054,74056,74058,74060,74062,74064],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74037,36563],{"class":207},[43,74039,212],{"class":211},[43,74041,3942],{"class":53},[43,74043,82],{"class":81},[43,74045,4401],{"class":85},[43,74047,82],{"class":81},[43,74049,800],{"class":53},[43,74051,932],{"class":81},[43,74053,4410],{"class":85},[43,74055,82],{"class":81},[43,74057,800],{"class":53},[43,74059,932],{"class":81},[43,74061,4419],{"class":85},[43,74063,82],{"class":81},[43,74065,3955],{"class":53},[43,74067,74068,74070,74072,74074],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,74069,36615],{"class":207},[43,74071,315],{"class":53},[43,74073,73636],{"class":236},[43,74075,1728],{"class":53},[43,74077,74078],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,74079,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,74081,74082,74084,74086,74088],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,74083,50],{"class":49},[43,74085,54],{"class":53},[43,74087,36615],{"class":236},[43,74089,227],{"class":53},[14,74091,110],{},[34,74093,74095],{"className":36,"code":74094,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[18,74096,74097],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74098,74099,74101,74103,74105,74107,74109,74111,74113,74115,74117,74119,74121,74123],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74100,4221],{"class":53},[43,74102,283],{"class":81},[43,74104,4419],{"class":85},[43,74106,283],{"class":81},[43,74108,800],{"class":53},[43,74110,278],{"class":81},[43,74112,4410],{"class":85},[43,74114,283],{"class":81},[43,74116,800],{"class":53},[43,74118,278],{"class":81},[43,74120,4401],{"class":85},[43,74122,283],{"class":81},[43,74124,3955],{"class":53},[14,74126,133,74127,74129],{},[18,74128,73580],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[14,74131,74132],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[34,74134,74136],{"className":36,"code":74135,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[18,74137,74138,74170,74188,74192,74202],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74139,74140,74142,74144,74146,74148,74150,74152,74154,74156,74158,74160,74162,74164,74166,74168],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74141,36563],{"class":207},[43,74143,212],{"class":211},[43,74145,3942],{"class":53},[43,74147,82],{"class":81},[43,74149,4401],{"class":85},[43,74151,82],{"class":81},[43,74153,800],{"class":53},[43,74155,932],{"class":81},[43,74157,4410],{"class":85},[43,74159,82],{"class":81},[43,74161,800],{"class":53},[43,74163,932],{"class":81},[43,74165,4419],{"class":85},[43,74167,82],{"class":81},[43,74169,3955],{"class":53},[43,74171,74172,74175,74177,74179,74182,74184,74186],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,74173,74174],{"class":207},"reversed_fruits ",[43,74176,212],{"class":211},[43,74178,52907],{"class":207},[43,74180,74181],{"class":53},"[::",[43,74183,444],{"class":211},[43,74185,797],{"class":63},[43,74187,3955],{"class":53},[43,74189,74190],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,74191,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,74193,74194,74196,74198,74200],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,74195,50],{"class":49},[43,74197,54],{"class":53},[43,74199,36615],{"class":236},[43,74201,227],{"class":53},[43,74203,74204,74206,74208,74211],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,74205,50],{"class":49},[43,74207,54],{"class":53},[43,74209,74210],{"class":236},"reversed_fruits",[43,74212,227],{"class":53},[14,74214,110],{},[34,74216,74218],{"className":36,"code":74217,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[18,74219,74220,74248],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74221,74222,74224,74226,74228,74230,74232,74234,74236,74238,74240,74242,74244,74246],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74223,4221],{"class":53},[43,74225,283],{"class":81},[43,74227,4401],{"class":85},[43,74229,283],{"class":81},[43,74231,800],{"class":53},[43,74233,278],{"class":81},[43,74235,4410],{"class":85},[43,74237,283],{"class":81},[43,74239,800],{"class":53},[43,74241,278],{"class":81},[43,74243,4419],{"class":85},[43,74245,283],{"class":81},[43,74247,3955],{"class":53},[43,74249,74250,74252,74254,74256,74258,74260,74262,74264,74266,74268,74270,74272,74274],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,74251,4221],{"class":53},[43,74253,283],{"class":81},[43,74255,4419],{"class":85},[43,74257,283],{"class":81},[43,74259,800],{"class":53},[43,74261,278],{"class":81},[43,74263,4410],{"class":85},[43,74265,283],{"class":81},[43,74267,800],{"class":53},[43,74269,278],{"class":81},[43,74271,4401],{"class":85},[43,74273,283],{"class":81},[43,74275,3955],{"class":53},[14,74277,74278,74279,315],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[189,74280,74281],{"href":73598},"Python list slicing explained",[29,74283,74285],{"id":74284},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[14,74287,74288],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[34,74290,74292],{"className":36,"code":74291,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,74293,74294,74314,74328,74332,74343],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74295,74296,74298,74300,74302,74304,74306,74308,74310,74312],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74297,3937],{"class":207},[43,74299,212],{"class":211},[43,74301,3942],{"class":53},[43,74303,797],{"class":63},[43,74305,800],{"class":53},[43,74307,803],{"class":63},[43,74309,800],{"class":53},[43,74311,808],{"class":63},[43,74313,3955],{"class":53},[43,74315,74316,74318,74320,74322,74324,74326],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,74317,55946],{"class":207},[43,74319,212],{"class":211},[43,74321,4586],{"class":207},[43,74323,315],{"class":53},[43,74325,73636],{"class":236},[43,74327,1728],{"class":53},[43,74329,74330],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,74331,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,74333,74334,74336,74338,74341],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,74335,50],{"class":49},[43,74337,54],{"class":53},[43,74339,74340],{"class":236},"new_list",[43,74342,227],{"class":53},[43,74344,74345,74347,74349,74351],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,74346,50],{"class":49},[43,74348,54],{"class":53},[43,74350,3969],{"class":236},[43,74352,227],{"class":53},[14,74354,110],{},[34,74356,74358],{"className":36,"code":74357,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,74359,74360,74364],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74361,74362],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74363,12126],{"class":104},[43,74365,74366,74368,74370,74372,74374,74376,74378],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,74367,4221],{"class":53},[43,74369,2409],{"class":63},[43,74371,800],{"class":53},[43,74373,803],{"class":63},[43,74375,800],{"class":53},[43,74377,5823],{"class":63},[43,74379,3955],{"class":53},[14,74381,12218],{},[150,74383,74384,74392,74396],{},[153,74385,74386,74388,74389,74391],{},[18,74387,73580],{}," changes ",[18,74390,3969],{}," directly",[153,74393,911,74394,71898],{},[913,74395,734],{},[153,74397,53709,74398,2218,74400],{},[18,74399,74340],{},[18,74401,4099],{},[14,74403,61956],{},[34,74405,74407],{"className":36,"code":74406,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,74408,74409,74429,74439,74443],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74410,74411,74413,74415,74417,74419,74421,74423,74425,74427],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74412,3937],{"class":207},[43,74414,212],{"class":211},[43,74416,3942],{"class":53},[43,74418,797],{"class":63},[43,74420,800],{"class":53},[43,74422,803],{"class":63},[43,74424,800],{"class":53},[43,74426,808],{"class":63},[43,74428,3955],{"class":53},[43,74430,74431,74433,74435,74437],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,74432,3969],{"class":207},[43,74434,315],{"class":53},[43,74436,73636],{"class":236},[43,74438,1728],{"class":53},[43,74440,74441],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,74442,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,74444,74445,74447,74449,74451],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,74446,50],{"class":49},[43,74448,54],{"class":53},[43,74450,3969],{"class":236},[43,74452,227],{"class":53},[14,74454,110],{},[34,74456,74458],{"className":36,"code":74457,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,74459,74460],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74461,74462,74464,74466,74468,74470,74472,74474],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74463,4221],{"class":53},[43,74465,2409],{"class":63},[43,74467,800],{"class":53},[43,74469,803],{"class":63},[43,74471,800],{"class":53},[43,74473,5823],{"class":63},[43,74475,3955],{"class":53},[29,74477,74479,10901,74481,74484],{"id":74478},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[18,74480,73580],{},[18,74482,74483],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[14,74486,74487],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[402,74489,74490],{"id":73636},[18,74491,73580],{},[14,74493,74494,74496],{},[18,74495,73580],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[34,74498,74500],{"className":36,"code":74499,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,74501,74502,74522,74532],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74503,74504,74506,74508,74510,74512,74514,74516,74518,74520],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74505,3937],{"class":207},[43,74507,212],{"class":211},[43,74509,3942],{"class":53},[43,74511,2409],{"class":63},[43,74513,800],{"class":53},[43,74515,5823],{"class":63},[43,74517,800],{"class":53},[43,74519,803],{"class":63},[43,74521,3955],{"class":53},[43,74523,74524,74526,74528,74530],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,74525,3969],{"class":207},[43,74527,315],{"class":53},[43,74529,73636],{"class":236},[43,74531,1728],{"class":53},[43,74533,74534,74536,74538,74540],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,74535,50],{"class":49},[43,74537,54],{"class":53},[43,74539,3969],{"class":236},[43,74541,227],{"class":53},[14,74543,110],{},[34,74545,74547],{"className":36,"code":74546,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[18,74548,74549],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74550,74551,74553,74555,74557,74559,74561,74563],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74552,4221],{"class":53},[43,74554,447],{"class":63},[43,74556,800],{"class":53},[43,74558,5823],{"class":63},[43,74560,800],{"class":53},[43,74562,808],{"class":63},[43,74564,3955],{"class":53},[14,74566,74567,74568,74570],{},"Notice that this is ",[913,74569,734],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[402,74572,74574],{"id":74573},"sorted",[18,74575,74483],{},[14,74577,74578,74583],{},[189,74579,74581],{"href":74580},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[18,74582,74483],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[34,74585,74587],{"className":36,"code":74586,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,74588,74589,74609,74624,74628,74638],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74590,74591,74593,74595,74597,74599,74601,74603,74605,74607],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74592,3937],{"class":207},[43,74594,212],{"class":211},[43,74596,3942],{"class":53},[43,74598,2409],{"class":63},[43,74600,800],{"class":53},[43,74602,5823],{"class":63},[43,74604,800],{"class":53},[43,74606,803],{"class":63},[43,74608,3955],{"class":53},[43,74610,74611,74613,74615,74618,74620,74622],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,74612,1282],{"class":207},[43,74614,212],{"class":211},[43,74616,74617],{"class":49}," sorted",[43,74619,54],{"class":53},[43,74621,3969],{"class":236},[43,74623,227],{"class":53},[43,74625,74626],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,74627,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,74629,74630,74632,74634,74636],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,74631,50],{"class":49},[43,74633,54],{"class":53},[43,74635,3969],{"class":236},[43,74637,227],{"class":53},[43,74639,74640,74642,74644,74646],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,74641,50],{"class":49},[43,74643,54],{"class":53},[43,74645,1306],{"class":236},[43,74647,227],{"class":53},[14,74649,110],{},[34,74651,74653],{"className":36,"code":74652,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,74654,74655,74671],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74656,74657,74659,74661,74663,74665,74667,74669],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74658,4221],{"class":53},[43,74660,2409],{"class":63},[43,74662,800],{"class":53},[43,74664,5823],{"class":63},[43,74666,800],{"class":53},[43,74668,803],{"class":63},[43,74670,3955],{"class":53},[43,74672,74673,74675,74677,74679,74681,74683,74685],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,74674,4221],{"class":53},[43,74676,797],{"class":63},[43,74678,800],{"class":53},[43,74680,803],{"class":63},[43,74682,800],{"class":53},[43,74684,808],{"class":63},[43,74686,3955],{"class":53},[14,74688,74689,74690,315],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[18,74691,74692],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[402,74694,74696],{"id":74695},"slicing","Slicing",[14,74698,74699,74700,74703],{},"Slicing with ",[18,74701,74702],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[34,74705,74707],{"className":36,"code":74706,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,74708,74709,74729,74745,74749,74759],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74710,74711,74713,74715,74717,74719,74721,74723,74725,74727],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74712,3937],{"class":207},[43,74714,212],{"class":211},[43,74716,3942],{"class":53},[43,74718,2409],{"class":63},[43,74720,800],{"class":53},[43,74722,5823],{"class":63},[43,74724,800],{"class":53},[43,74726,803],{"class":63},[43,74728,3955],{"class":53},[43,74730,74731,74733,74735,74737,74739,74741,74743],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,74732,1282],{"class":207},[43,74734,212],{"class":211},[43,74736,4586],{"class":207},[43,74738,74181],{"class":53},[43,74740,444],{"class":211},[43,74742,797],{"class":63},[43,74744,3955],{"class":53},[43,74746,74747],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,74748,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,74750,74751,74753,74755,74757],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,74752,50],{"class":49},[43,74754,54],{"class":53},[43,74756,3969],{"class":236},[43,74758,227],{"class":53},[43,74760,74761,74763,74765,74767],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,74762,50],{"class":49},[43,74764,54],{"class":53},[43,74766,1306],{"class":236},[43,74768,227],{"class":53},[14,74770,110],{},[34,74772,74774],{"className":36,"code":74773,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[18,74775,74776,74792],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74777,74778,74780,74782,74784,74786,74788,74790],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74779,4221],{"class":53},[43,74781,2409],{"class":63},[43,74783,800],{"class":53},[43,74785,5823],{"class":63},[43,74787,800],{"class":53},[43,74789,803],{"class":63},[43,74791,3955],{"class":53},[43,74793,74794,74796,74798,74800,74802,74804,74806],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,74795,4221],{"class":53},[43,74797,447],{"class":63},[43,74799,800],{"class":53},[43,74801,5823],{"class":63},[43,74803,800],{"class":53},[43,74805,808],{"class":63},[43,74807,3955],{"class":53},[402,74809,74811],{"id":74810},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[150,74813,74814,74819,74824],{},[153,74815,133,74816,74818],{},[18,74817,73580],{}," when you want to change the original list",[153,74820,133,74821,74823],{},[18,74822,74702],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[153,74825,133,74826,74828],{},[18,74827,74483],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[14,74830,74831,74832,74838],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[189,74833,74835,74836,11055],{"href":74834},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[18,74837,64370],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[29,74840,5284,74842],{"id":74841},"when-to-use-reverse",[18,74843,73580],{},[14,74845,74846,74848],{},[18,74847,73580],{}," is a good choice:",[150,74850,74851,74854,74857],{},[153,74852,74853],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[153,74855,74856],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[153,74858,74859],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[14,74861,74862,74863,315],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[189,74864,74866],{"href":74865},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[29,74868,3160],{"id":3159},[14,74870,74871,74872,74874],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[18,74873,73580],{}," for these reasons:",[150,74876,74877,74881,74886,74891],{},[153,74878,12913,74879,12916],{},[18,74880,73580],{},[153,74882,8773,74883,74885],{},[18,74884,73580],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[153,74887,8738,74888,74890],{},[18,74889,73580],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[153,74892,37529,74893,9023,74895],{},[18,74894,73580],{},[18,74896,74897],{},"reversed()",[14,74899,74900],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[34,74902,74904],{"className":36,"code":74903,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[18,74905,74906,74918],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74907,74908,74910,74912,74914,74916],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74909,927],{"class":207},[43,74911,212],{"class":211},[43,74913,932],{"class":81},[43,74915,710],{"class":85},[43,74917,938],{"class":81},[43,74919,74920,74922,74924,74926],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,74921,951],{"class":207},[43,74923,315],{"class":53},[43,74925,73636],{"class":236},[43,74927,1728],{"class":53},[14,74929,74930,74931,33923],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[18,74932,73580],{},[14,74934,74935],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[34,74937,74939],{"className":36,"code":74938,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,74940,74941,74961,74965,74975,74989,74993,75007,75017,75021],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,74942,74943,74945,74947,74949,74951,74953,74955,74957,74959],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,74944,8628],{"class":207},[43,74946,212],{"class":211},[43,74948,3942],{"class":53},[43,74950,797],{"class":63},[43,74952,800],{"class":53},[43,74954,803],{"class":63},[43,74956,800],{"class":53},[43,74958,808],{"class":63},[43,74960,3955],{"class":53},[43,74962,74963],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,74964,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,74966,74967,74969,74971,74973],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,74968,50],{"class":49},[43,74970,54],{"class":53},[43,74972,8659],{"class":236},[43,74974,227],{"class":53},[43,74976,74977,74979,74981,74983,74985,74987],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,74978,50],{"class":49},[43,74980,54],{"class":53},[43,74982,248],{"class":57},[43,74984,54],{"class":53},[43,74986,8659],{"class":236},[43,74988,67],{"class":53},[43,74990,74991],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,74992,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,74994,74995,74997,74999,75001,75003,75005],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,74996,1282],{"class":207},[43,74998,212],{"class":211},[43,75000,8716],{"class":207},[43,75002,315],{"class":53},[43,75004,73636],{"class":236},[43,75006,1728],{"class":53},[43,75008,75009,75011,75013,75015],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,75010,50],{"class":49},[43,75012,54],{"class":53},[43,75014,1306],{"class":236},[43,75016,227],{"class":53},[43,75018,75019],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,75020,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,75022,75023,75025,75027,75029,75031,75033,75035],{"class":45,"line":6756},[43,75024,50],{"class":49},[43,75026,54],{"class":53},[43,75028,8659],{"class":236},[43,75030,74181],{"class":53},[43,75032,444],{"class":211},[43,75034,797],{"class":63},[43,75036,4209],{"class":53},[14,75038,110],{},[34,75040,75042],{"className":36,"code":75041,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[18,75043,75044,75060,75074,75078],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,75045,75046,75048,75050,75052,75054,75056,75058],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,75047,4221],{"class":53},[43,75049,797],{"class":63},[43,75051,800],{"class":53},[43,75053,803],{"class":63},[43,75055,800],{"class":53},[43,75057,808],{"class":63},[43,75059,3955],{"class":53},[43,75061,75062,75064,75066,75068,75070,75072],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,75063,271],{"class":211},[43,75065,275],{"class":274},[43,75067,278],{"class":81},[43,75069,849],{"class":85},[43,75071,283],{"class":81},[43,75073,286],{"class":211},[43,75075,75076],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,75077,12126],{"class":104},[43,75079,75080,75082,75084,75086,75088,75090,75092],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,75081,4221],{"class":53},[43,75083,797],{"class":63},[43,75085,800],{"class":53},[43,75087,803],{"class":63},[43,75089,800],{"class":53},[43,75091,5823],{"class":63},[43,75093,3955],{"class":53},[14,75095,75096],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[34,75098,75100],{"className":36,"code":75099,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,75101,75102,75122,75126,75136,75150,75154,75168,75178,75188],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,75103,75104,75106,75108,75110,75112,75114,75116,75118,75120],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,75105,8628],{"class":207},[43,75107,212],{"class":211},[43,75109,3942],{"class":53},[43,75111,797],{"class":63},[43,75113,800],{"class":53},[43,75115,803],{"class":63},[43,75117,800],{"class":53},[43,75119,808],{"class":63},[43,75121,3955],{"class":53},[43,75123,75124],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,75125,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,75127,75128,75130,75132,75134],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,75129,50],{"class":49},[43,75131,54],{"class":53},[43,75133,8659],{"class":236},[43,75135,227],{"class":53},[43,75137,75138,75140,75142,75144,75146,75148],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,75139,50],{"class":49},[43,75141,54],{"class":53},[43,75143,248],{"class":57},[43,75145,54],{"class":53},[43,75147,8659],{"class":236},[43,75149,67],{"class":53},[43,75151,75152],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,75153,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,75155,75156,75158,75160,75162,75164,75166],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,75157,1282],{"class":207},[43,75159,212],{"class":211},[43,75161,8716],{"class":207},[43,75163,315],{"class":53},[43,75165,73636],{"class":236},[43,75167,1728],{"class":53},[43,75169,75170,75172,75174,75176],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,75171,50],{"class":49},[43,75173,54],{"class":53},[43,75175,1306],{"class":236},[43,75177,227],{"class":53},[43,75179,75180,75182,75184,75186],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,75181,50],{"class":49},[43,75183,54],{"class":53},[43,75185,8659],{"class":236},[43,75187,227],{"class":53},[43,75189,75190,75192,75194,75196,75198,75200,75202],{"class":45,"line":6756},[43,75191,50],{"class":49},[43,75193,54],{"class":53},[43,75195,8659],{"class":236},[43,75197,74181],{"class":53},[43,75199,444],{"class":211},[43,75201,797],{"class":63},[43,75203,4209],{"class":53},[14,75205,110],{},[34,75207,75209],{"className":36,"code":75208,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,75210,75211,75227,75241,75245,75261],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,75212,75213,75215,75217,75219,75221,75223,75225],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,75214,4221],{"class":53},[43,75216,797],{"class":63},[43,75218,800],{"class":53},[43,75220,803],{"class":63},[43,75222,800],{"class":53},[43,75224,808],{"class":63},[43,75226,3955],{"class":53},[43,75228,75229,75231,75233,75235,75237,75239],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,75230,271],{"class":211},[43,75232,275],{"class":274},[43,75234,278],{"class":81},[43,75236,849],{"class":85},[43,75238,283],{"class":81},[43,75240,286],{"class":211},[43,75242,75243],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,75244,12126],{"class":104},[43,75246,75247,75249,75251,75253,75255,75257,75259],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,75248,4221],{"class":53},[43,75250,2409],{"class":63},[43,75252,800],{"class":53},[43,75254,803],{"class":63},[43,75256,800],{"class":53},[43,75258,5823],{"class":63},[43,75260,3955],{"class":53},[43,75262,75263,75265,75267,75269,75271,75273,75275],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,75264,4221],{"class":53},[43,75266,797],{"class":63},[43,75268,800],{"class":53},[43,75270,803],{"class":63},[43,75272,800],{"class":53},[43,75274,808],{"class":63},[43,75276,3955],{"class":53},[14,75278,75279],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[150,75281,75282,75291,75300],{},[153,75283,28120,75284,75287,75288],{},[18,75285,75286],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[18,75289,75290],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[153,75292,12234,75293,75296,75297,22883],{},[18,75294,75295],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[913,75298,75299],{},"current",[153,75301,75302,75303],{},"So it prints ",[18,75304,75305],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[29,75307,2162],{"id":2161},[402,75309,13023,75311,55525],{"id":75310},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[18,75312,73585],{},[14,75314,62661,75315,315],{},[18,75316,4099],{},[402,75318,34528,75320,34531,75322,2822],{"id":75319},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[18,75321,73580],{},[18,75323,75324],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[14,75326,75327,75329],{},[18,75328,73580],{}," only flips the current order.",[14,75331,75332,75334],{},[18,75333,75324],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[402,75336,28653,75338,75340],{"id":75337},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[18,75339,73580],{}," on a tuple or string?",[14,75342,46418,75343,75345],{},[18,75344,73580],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[402,75347,75349],{"id":75348},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[14,75351,75352],{},"Use slicing:",[34,75354,75356],{"className":36,"code":75355,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list[::-1]\n",[18,75357,75358],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,75359,75360,75362,75364,75366,75368],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,75361,8659],{"class":207},[43,75363,74181],{"class":53},[43,75365,444],{"class":211},[43,75367,797],{"class":63},[43,75369,3955],{"class":53},[14,75371,75372],{},"Or use:",[34,75374,75376],{"className":36,"code":75375,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[18,75377,75378],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,75379,75380,75382,75384,75387,75389,75391],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,75381,849],{"class":57},[43,75383,54],{"class":53},[43,75385,75386],{"class":49},"reversed",[43,75388,54],{"class":53},[43,75390,8659],{"class":236},[43,75392,67],{"class":53},[14,75394,75395,75396,75400],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[189,75397,55576,75398],{"href":55016},[18,75399,13096],{}," can also help.",[29,75402,2229],{"id":2228},[150,75404,75405,75411,75417,75421,75425],{},[153,75406,75407],{},[189,75408,55576,75409,11055],{"href":74834},[18,75410,64370],{},[153,75412,75413],{},[189,75414,3894,75415,3827],{"href":74580},[18,75416,74483],{},[153,75418,75419],{},[189,75420,74866],{"href":74865},[153,75422,75423],{},[189,75424,74281],{"href":73598},[153,75426,75427],{},[189,75428,55576,75429,11055],{"href":55016},[18,75430,13096],{},[2262,75432,75433],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":75435},[75436,75437,75439,75440,75441,75443,75444,75451,75453,75454,75463],{"id":3926,"depth":70,"text":3927},{"id":73659,"depth":70,"text":75438},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":11791,"depth":70,"text":11792},{"id":74018,"depth":70,"text":75442},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74284,"depth":70,"text":74285},{"id":74478,"depth":70,"text":75445,"children":75446},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75447,75448,75449,75450],{"id":73636,"depth":93,"text":73580},{"id":74573,"depth":93,"text":74483},{"id":74695,"depth":93,"text":74696},{"id":74810,"depth":93,"text":74811},{"id":74841,"depth":70,"text":75452},"When to use reverse()",{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":75455},[75456,75458,75460,75462],{"id":75310,"depth":93,"text":75457},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75319,"depth":93,"text":75459},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75337,"depth":93,"text":75461},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75348,"depth":93,"text":75349},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73572,"description":75464},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75471,"title":75472,"body":75473,"description":77906,"extension":2312,"meta":77907,"navigation":958,"path":77908,"seo":77909,"stem":77910,"__hash__":77911},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75474,"toc":77874},[75475,75478,75490,75493,75516,75524,75526,75638,75647,75651,75654,75657,75744,75746,75779,75781,75804,75810,75814,75817,75839,75841,75858,75861,75881,75883,75993,75995,76072,76076,76079,76122,76124,76257,76259,76361,76366,76370,76373,76375,76389,76392,76506,76508,76582,76584,76612,76616,76621,76651,76654,76780,76782,76864,76870,76874,76876,76915,76924,76928,76931,76935,76982,76984,76992,76996,77047,77049,77062,77064,77078,77081,77089,77091,77138,77140,77148,77151,77194,77199,77202,77205,77228,77232,77283,77286,77307,77317,77321,77323,77353,77356,77379,77383,77386,77453,77455,77492,77495,77503,77570,77572,77609,77615,77622,77626,77629,77659,77664,77668,77671,77695,77698,77792,77802,77804,77808,77811,77815,77818,77823,77826,77832,77835,77837,77865,77871],[10,75476,75472],{"id":75477},"python-list-slicing-explained",[14,75479,75480,75481,2534,75483,17395,75486,75489],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[18,75482,36396],{},[18,75484,75485],{},"stop",[18,75487,75488],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[14,75491,75492],{},"The basic slice form is:",[34,75494,75496],{"className":36,"code":75495,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[18,75497,75498],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,75499,75500,75502,75504,75506,75508,75510,75512,75514],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,75501,8659],{"class":207},[43,75503,4221],{"class":53},[43,75505,36396],{"class":207},[43,75507,325],{"class":53},[43,75509,75485],{"class":207},[43,75511,325],{"class":53},[43,75513,75488],{"class":207},[43,75515,3955],{"class":53},[14,75517,75518,75519,75521,75522,315],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[18,75520,75485],{}," position is ",[913,75523,65128],{},[29,75525,32],{"id":31},[34,75527,75529],{"className":36,"code":75528,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,75530,75531,75559,75563,75584,75602,75619],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,75532,75533,75535,75537,75539,75541,75543,75545,75547,75549,75551,75553,75555,75557],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,75534,3937],{"class":207},[43,75536,212],{"class":211},[43,75538,3942],{"class":53},[43,75540,512],{"class":63},[43,75542,800],{"class":53},[43,75544,8115],{"class":63},[43,75546,800],{"class":53},[43,75548,8120],{"class":63},[43,75550,800],{"class":53},[43,75552,50898],{"class":63},[43,75554,800],{"class":53},[43,75556,5404],{"class":63},[43,75558,3955],{"class":53},[43,75560,75561],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,75562,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,75564,75565,75567,75569,75571,75573,75575,75577,75579,75581],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,75566,50],{"class":49},[43,75568,54],{"class":53},[43,75570,3969],{"class":236},[43,75572,4221],{"class":53},[43,75574,797],{"class":63},[43,75576,325],{"class":53},[43,75578,2835],{"class":63},[43,75580,20769],{"class":53},[43,75582,75583],{"class":3984},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[43,75585,75586,75588,75590,75592,75595,75597,75599],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,75587,50],{"class":49},[43,75589,54],{"class":53},[43,75591,3969],{"class":236},[43,75593,75594],{"class":53},"[:",[43,75596,2409],{"class":63},[43,75598,20769],{"class":53},[43,75600,75601],{"class":3984},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[43,75603,75604,75606,75608,75610,75612,75614,75616],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,75605,50],{"class":49},[43,75607,54],{"class":53},[43,75609,3969],{"class":236},[43,75611,74181],{"class":53},[43,75613,447],{"class":63},[43,75615,20769],{"class":53},[43,75617,75618],{"class":3984},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[43,75620,75621,75623,75625,75627,75629,75631,75633,75635],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,75622,50],{"class":49},[43,75624,54],{"class":53},[43,75626,3969],{"class":236},[43,75628,74181],{"class":53},[43,75630,444],{"class":211},[43,75632,797],{"class":63},[43,75634,20769],{"class":53},[43,75636,75637],{"class":3984},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[14,75639,133,75640,75643,75644,75646],{},[18,75641,75642],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[18,75645,75485],{}," value is not included.",[29,75648,75650],{"id":75649},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[14,75652,75653],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[14,75655,75656],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[34,75658,75660],{"className":36,"code":75659,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[18,75661,75662,75710,75714,75733],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,75663,75664,75666,75668,75670,75672,75674,75676,75678,75680,75682,75684,75686,75688,75690,75692,75694,75696,75698,75700,75702,75704,75706,75708],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,75665,36414],{"class":207},[43,75667,212],{"class":211},[43,75669,3942],{"class":53},[43,75671,82],{"class":81},[43,75673,189],{"class":85},[43,75675,82],{"class":81},[43,75677,800],{"class":53},[43,75679,932],{"class":81},[43,75681,1231],{"class":85},[43,75683,82],{"class":81},[43,75685,800],{"class":53},[43,75687,932],{"class":81},[43,75689,10055],{"class":85},[43,75691,82],{"class":81},[43,75693,800],{"class":53},[43,75695,932],{"class":81},[43,75697,19090],{"class":85},[43,75699,82],{"class":81},[43,75701,800],{"class":53},[43,75703,932],{"class":81},[43,75705,60505],{"class":85},[43,75707,82],{"class":81},[43,75709,3955],{"class":53},[43,75711,75712],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,75713,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,75715,75716,75719,75721,75723,75725,75727,75729,75731],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,75717,75718],{"class":207},"part ",[43,75720,212],{"class":211},[43,75722,70155],{"class":207},[43,75724,4221],{"class":53},[43,75726,797],{"class":63},[43,75728,325],{"class":53},[43,75730,2835],{"class":63},[43,75732,3955],{"class":53},[43,75734,75735,75737,75739,75742],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,75736,50],{"class":49},[43,75738,54],{"class":53},[43,75740,75741],{"class":236},"part",[43,75743,227],{"class":53},[14,75745,110],{},[34,75747,75749],{"className":36,"code":75748,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,75750,75751],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,75752,75753,75755,75757,75759,75761,75763,75765,75767,75769,75771,75773,75775,75777],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,75754,4221],{"class":53},[43,75756,283],{"class":81},[43,75758,1231],{"class":85},[43,75760,283],{"class":81},[43,75762,800],{"class":53},[43,75764,278],{"class":81},[43,75766,10055],{"class":85},[43,75768,283],{"class":81},[43,75770,800],{"class":53},[43,75772,278],{"class":81},[43,75774,19090],{"class":85},[43,75776,283],{"class":81},[43,75778,3955],{"class":53},[14,75780,13372],{},[150,75782,75783,75786,75789,75795,75801],{},[153,75784,75785],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[153,75787,75788],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[153,75790,75791,75792],{},"Basic form: ",[18,75793,75794],{},"list[start:stop]",[153,75796,75797,75798,75800],{},"The item at ",[18,75799,75485],{}," is not included",[153,75802,75803],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[14,75805,75806,75807,315],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[189,75808,75809],{"href":51034},"beginner guide to Python lists",[29,75811,75813],{"id":75812},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[14,75815,75816],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[34,75818,75819],{"className":36,"code":75495,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,75820,75821],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,75822,75823,75825,75827,75829,75831,75833,75835,75837],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,75824,8659],{"class":207},[43,75826,4221],{"class":53},[43,75828,36396],{"class":207},[43,75830,325],{"class":53},[43,75832,75485],{"class":207},[43,75834,325],{"class":53},[43,75836,75488],{"class":207},[43,75838,3955],{"class":53},[14,75840,65104],{},[150,75842,75843,75848,75853],{},[153,75844,75845,75847],{},[18,75846,36396],{}," is where slicing begins",[153,75849,75850,75852],{},[18,75851,75485],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[153,75854,75855,75857],{},[18,75856,75488],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[14,75859,75860],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[150,75862,75863,75869,75874],{},[153,75864,75865,75866,75868],{},"Missing ",[18,75867,36396],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[153,75870,75865,75871,75873],{},[18,75872,75485],{}," means go to the end of the list",[153,75875,75865,75876,75878,75879],{},[18,75877,75488],{}," means use ",[18,75880,797],{},[14,75882,197],{},[34,75884,75886],{"className":36,"code":75885,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[18,75887,75888,75916,75920,75941,75958,75976],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,75889,75890,75892,75894,75896,75898,75900,75902,75904,75906,75908,75910,75912,75914],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,75891,3937],{"class":207},[43,75893,212],{"class":211},[43,75895,3942],{"class":53},[43,75897,512],{"class":63},[43,75899,800],{"class":53},[43,75901,8115],{"class":63},[43,75903,800],{"class":53},[43,75905,8120],{"class":63},[43,75907,800],{"class":53},[43,75909,50898],{"class":63},[43,75911,800],{"class":53},[43,75913,5404],{"class":63},[43,75915,3955],{"class":53},[43,75917,75918],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,75919,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,75921,75922,75924,75926,75928,75930,75932,75934,75936,75938],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,75923,50],{"class":49},[43,75925,54],{"class":53},[43,75927,3969],{"class":236},[43,75929,4221],{"class":53},[43,75931,797],{"class":63},[43,75933,325],{"class":53},[43,75935,2835],{"class":63},[43,75937,20769],{"class":53},[43,75939,75940],{"class":3984},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[43,75942,75943,75945,75947,75949,75951,75953,75955],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,75944,50],{"class":49},[43,75946,54],{"class":53},[43,75948,3969],{"class":236},[43,75950,75594],{"class":53},[43,75952,2409],{"class":63},[43,75954,20769],{"class":53},[43,75956,75957],{"class":3984},"    # start from the beginning\n",[43,75959,75960,75962,75964,75966,75968,75970,75973],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,75961,50],{"class":49},[43,75963,54],{"class":53},[43,75965,3969],{"class":236},[43,75967,4221],{"class":53},[43,75969,447],{"class":63},[43,75971,75972],{"class":53},":])",[43,75974,75975],{"class":3984},"    # go to the end\n",[43,75977,75978,75980,75982,75984,75986,75988,75990],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,75979,50],{"class":49},[43,75981,54],{"class":53},[43,75983,3969],{"class":236},[43,75985,74181],{"class":53},[43,75987,797],{"class":63},[43,75989,20769],{"class":53},[43,75991,75992],{"class":3984},"   # step of 1\n",[14,75994,110],{},[34,75996,75998],{"className":36,"code":75997,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[18,75999,76000,76016,76032,76048],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,76001,76002,76004,76006,76008,76010,76012,76014],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,76003,4221],{"class":53},[43,76005,16076],{"class":63},[43,76007,800],{"class":53},[43,76009,8120],{"class":63},[43,76011,800],{"class":53},[43,76013,50898],{"class":63},[43,76015,3955],{"class":53},[43,76017,76018,76020,76022,76024,76026,76028,76030],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,76019,4221],{"class":53},[43,76021,512],{"class":63},[43,76023,800],{"class":53},[43,76025,8115],{"class":63},[43,76027,800],{"class":53},[43,76029,8120],{"class":63},[43,76031,3955],{"class":53},[43,76033,76034,76036,76038,76040,76042,76044,76046],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,76035,4221],{"class":53},[43,76037,37166],{"class":63},[43,76039,800],{"class":53},[43,76041,50898],{"class":63},[43,76043,800],{"class":53},[43,76045,5404],{"class":63},[43,76047,3955],{"class":53},[43,76049,76050,76052,76054,76056,76058,76060,76062,76064,76066,76068,76070],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,76051,4221],{"class":53},[43,76053,512],{"class":63},[43,76055,800],{"class":53},[43,76057,8115],{"class":63},[43,76059,800],{"class":53},[43,76061,8120],{"class":63},[43,76063,800],{"class":53},[43,76065,50898],{"class":63},[43,76067,800],{"class":53},[43,76069,5404],{"class":63},[43,76071,3955],{"class":53},[29,76073,76075],{"id":76074},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[14,76077,76078],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[150,76080,76081,76090,76099,76110,76116],{},[153,76082,76083,76086,76087,6292],{},[18,76084,76085],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[18,76088,76089],{},"n",[153,76091,76092,76095,76096,76098],{},[18,76093,76094],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[18,76097,76089],{}," to the end",[153,76100,76101,76104,76105,76107,76108],{},[18,76102,76103],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[18,76106,189],{}," up to ",[18,76109,1231],{},[153,76111,76112,76115],{},[18,76113,76114],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[153,76117,76118,76121],{},[18,76119,76120],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[14,76123,197],{},[34,76125,76127],{"className":36,"code":76126,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[18,76128,76129,76162,76166,76183,76200,76221,76238],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,76130,76131,76133,76135,76137,76139,76141,76143,76145,76147,76149,76151,76153,76155,76157,76160],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,76132,3937],{"class":207},[43,76134,212],{"class":211},[43,76136,3942],{"class":53},[43,76138,512],{"class":63},[43,76140,800],{"class":53},[43,76142,8115],{"class":63},[43,76144,800],{"class":53},[43,76146,8120],{"class":63},[43,76148,800],{"class":53},[43,76150,50898],{"class":63},[43,76152,800],{"class":53},[43,76154,5404],{"class":63},[43,76156,800],{"class":53},[43,76158,76159],{"class":63}," 60",[43,76161,3955],{"class":53},[43,76163,76164],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,76165,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,76167,76168,76170,76172,76174,76176,76178,76180],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,76169,50],{"class":49},[43,76171,54],{"class":53},[43,76173,3969],{"class":236},[43,76175,75594],{"class":53},[43,76177,2409],{"class":63},[43,76179,20769],{"class":53},[43,76181,76182],{"class":3984},"    # first 3 items\n",[43,76184,76185,76187,76189,76191,76193,76195,76197],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,76186,50],{"class":49},[43,76188,54],{"class":53},[43,76190,3969],{"class":236},[43,76192,4221],{"class":53},[43,76194,2409],{"class":63},[43,76196,75972],{"class":53},[43,76198,76199],{"class":3984},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[43,76201,76202,76204,76206,76208,76210,76212,76214,76216,76218],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,76203,50],{"class":49},[43,76205,54],{"class":53},[43,76207,3969],{"class":236},[43,76209,4221],{"class":53},[43,76211,797],{"class":63},[43,76213,325],{"class":53},[43,76215,64],{"class":63},[43,76217,20769],{"class":53},[43,76219,76220],{"class":3984},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[43,76222,76223,76225,76227,76229,76231,76233,76235],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,76224,50],{"class":49},[43,76226,54],{"class":53},[43,76228,3969],{"class":236},[43,76230,74181],{"class":53},[43,76232,447],{"class":63},[43,76234,20769],{"class":53},[43,76236,76237],{"class":3984},"   # every second item\n",[43,76239,76240,76242,76244,76246,76248,76250,76252,76254],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,76241,50],{"class":49},[43,76243,54],{"class":53},[43,76245,3969],{"class":236},[43,76247,74181],{"class":53},[43,76249,444],{"class":211},[43,76251,797],{"class":63},[43,76253,20769],{"class":53},[43,76255,76256],{"class":3984},"  # reversed copy\n",[14,76258,110],{},[34,76260,76262],{"className":36,"code":76261,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,76263,76264,76280,76296,76316,76332],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,76265,76266,76268,76270,76272,76274,76276,76278],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,76267,4221],{"class":53},[43,76269,512],{"class":63},[43,76271,800],{"class":53},[43,76273,8115],{"class":63},[43,76275,800],{"class":53},[43,76277,8120],{"class":63},[43,76279,3955],{"class":53},[43,76281,76282,76284,76286,76288,76290,76292,76294],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,76283,4221],{"class":53},[43,76285,56749],{"class":63},[43,76287,800],{"class":53},[43,76289,5404],{"class":63},[43,76291,800],{"class":53},[43,76293,76159],{"class":63},[43,76295,3955],{"class":53},[43,76297,76298,76300,76302,76304,76306,76308,76310,76312,76314],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,76299,4221],{"class":53},[43,76301,16076],{"class":63},[43,76303,800],{"class":53},[43,76305,8120],{"class":63},[43,76307,800],{"class":53},[43,76309,50898],{"class":63},[43,76311,800],{"class":53},[43,76313,5404],{"class":63},[43,76315,3955],{"class":53},[43,76317,76318,76320,76322,76324,76326,76328,76330],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,76319,4221],{"class":53},[43,76321,512],{"class":63},[43,76323,800],{"class":53},[43,76325,8120],{"class":63},[43,76327,800],{"class":53},[43,76329,5404],{"class":63},[43,76331,3955],{"class":53},[43,76333,76334,76336,76339,76341,76343,76345,76347,76349,76351,76353,76355,76357,76359],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,76335,4221],{"class":53},[43,76337,76338],{"class":63},"60",[43,76340,800],{"class":53},[43,76342,5404],{"class":63},[43,76344,800],{"class":53},[43,76346,50898],{"class":63},[43,76348,800],{"class":53},[43,76350,8120],{"class":63},[43,76352,800],{"class":53},[43,76354,8115],{"class":63},[43,76356,800],{"class":53},[43,76358,6331],{"class":63},[43,76360,3955],{"class":53},[14,76362,76363,76364,315],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[189,76365,15210],{"href":57276},[29,76367,76369],{"id":76368},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[14,76371,76372],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[14,76374,5797],{},[150,76376,76377,76383],{},[153,76378,76379,76382],{},[18,76380,76381],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[153,76384,76385,76388],{},[18,76386,76387],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[14,76390,76391],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[34,76393,76395],{"className":36,"code":76394,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[18,76396,76397,76445,76449,76468,76487],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,76398,76399,76401,76403,76405,76407,76409,76411,76413,76415,76417,76419,76421,76423,76425,76427,76429,76431,76433,76435,76437,76439,76441,76443],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,76400,36414],{"class":207},[43,76402,212],{"class":211},[43,76404,3942],{"class":53},[43,76406,82],{"class":81},[43,76408,189],{"class":85},[43,76410,82],{"class":81},[43,76412,800],{"class":53},[43,76414,932],{"class":81},[43,76416,1231],{"class":85},[43,76418,82],{"class":81},[43,76420,800],{"class":53},[43,76422,932],{"class":81},[43,76424,10055],{"class":85},[43,76426,82],{"class":81},[43,76428,800],{"class":53},[43,76430,932],{"class":81},[43,76432,19090],{"class":85},[43,76434,82],{"class":81},[43,76436,800],{"class":53},[43,76438,932],{"class":81},[43,76440,60505],{"class":85},[43,76442,82],{"class":81},[43,76444,3955],{"class":53},[43,76446,76447],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,76448,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,76450,76451,76453,76455,76457,76459,76461,76463,76465],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,76452,50],{"class":49},[43,76454,54],{"class":53},[43,76456,36467],{"class":236},[43,76458,4221],{"class":53},[43,76460,444],{"class":211},[43,76462,797],{"class":63},[43,76464,20769],{"class":53},[43,76466,76467],{"class":3984},"    # last item\n",[43,76469,76470,76472,76474,76476,76478,76480,76482,76484],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,76471,50],{"class":49},[43,76473,54],{"class":53},[43,76475,36467],{"class":236},[43,76477,4221],{"class":53},[43,76479,444],{"class":211},[43,76481,2409],{"class":63},[43,76483,75972],{"class":53},[43,76485,76486],{"class":3984},"   # last 3 items\n",[43,76488,76489,76491,76493,76495,76497,76499,76501,76503],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,76490,50],{"class":49},[43,76492,54],{"class":53},[43,76494,36467],{"class":236},[43,76496,75594],{"class":53},[43,76498,444],{"class":211},[43,76500,797],{"class":63},[43,76502,20769],{"class":53},[43,76504,76505],{"class":3984},"   # everything except the last item\n",[14,76507,110],{},[34,76509,76511],{"className":36,"code":76510,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,76512,76513,76518,76546],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,76514,76515],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,76516,76517],{"class":207},"e\n",[43,76519,76520,76522,76524,76526,76528,76530,76532,76534,76536,76538,76540,76542,76544],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,76521,4221],{"class":53},[43,76523,283],{"class":81},[43,76525,10055],{"class":85},[43,76527,283],{"class":81},[43,76529,800],{"class":53},[43,76531,278],{"class":81},[43,76533,19090],{"class":85},[43,76535,283],{"class":81},[43,76537,800],{"class":53},[43,76539,278],{"class":81},[43,76541,60505],{"class":85},[43,76543,283],{"class":81},[43,76545,3955],{"class":53},[43,76547,76548,76550,76552,76554,76556,76558,76560,76562,76564,76566,76568,76570,76572,76574,76576,76578,76580],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,76549,4221],{"class":53},[43,76551,283],{"class":81},[43,76553,189],{"class":85},[43,76555,283],{"class":81},[43,76557,800],{"class":53},[43,76559,278],{"class":81},[43,76561,1231],{"class":85},[43,76563,283],{"class":81},[43,76565,800],{"class":53},[43,76567,278],{"class":81},[43,76569,10055],{"class":85},[43,76571,283],{"class":81},[43,76573,800],{"class":53},[43,76575,278],{"class":81},[43,76577,19090],{"class":85},[43,76579,283],{"class":81},[43,76581,3955],{"class":53},[14,76583,13372],{},[150,76585,76586,76589,76593,76599,76605],{},[153,76587,76588],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[153,76590,76591,76382],{},[18,76592,76381],{},[153,76594,76595,76598],{},[18,76596,76597],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[153,76600,76601,76604],{},[18,76602,76603],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[153,76606,76607,76608,895,76610],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[18,76609,36396],{},[18,76611,75485],{},[29,76613,76615],{"id":76614},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[14,76617,1073,76618,76620],{},[18,76619,75488],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[150,76622,76623,76626,76629,76634,76644],{},[153,76624,76625],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[153,76627,76628],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[153,76630,76631,76633],{},[18,76632,76120],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[153,76635,9194,76636,76638,76639,76641,76642],{},[18,76637,75488],{}," is negative, ",[18,76640,36396],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[18,76643,75485],{},[153,76645,76646,76648,76649],{},[18,76647,75488],{}," cannot be ",[18,76650,2466],{},[14,76652,76653],{},"Example with different step values:",[34,76655,76657],{"className":36,"code":76656,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[18,76658,76659,76691,76695,76712,76734,76753],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,76660,76661,76663,76665,76667,76669,76671,76673,76675,76677,76679,76681,76683,76685,76687,76689],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,76662,3937],{"class":207},[43,76664,212],{"class":211},[43,76666,3942],{"class":53},[43,76668,512],{"class":63},[43,76670,800],{"class":53},[43,76672,8115],{"class":63},[43,76674,800],{"class":53},[43,76676,8120],{"class":63},[43,76678,800],{"class":53},[43,76680,50898],{"class":63},[43,76682,800],{"class":53},[43,76684,5404],{"class":63},[43,76686,800],{"class":53},[43,76688,76159],{"class":63},[43,76690,3955],{"class":53},[43,76692,76693],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,76694,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,76696,76697,76699,76701,76703,76705,76707,76709],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,76698,50],{"class":49},[43,76700,54],{"class":53},[43,76702,3969],{"class":236},[43,76704,74181],{"class":53},[43,76706,447],{"class":63},[43,76708,20769],{"class":53},[43,76710,76711],{"class":3984},"     # every second item\n",[43,76713,76714,76716,76718,76720,76722,76724,76727,76729,76731],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,76715,50],{"class":49},[43,76717,54],{"class":53},[43,76719,3969],{"class":236},[43,76721,4221],{"class":53},[43,76723,797],{"class":63},[43,76725,76726],{"class":53},"::",[43,76728,447],{"class":63},[43,76730,20769],{"class":53},[43,76732,76733],{"class":3984},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[43,76735,76736,76738,76740,76742,76744,76746,76748,76750],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,76737,50],{"class":49},[43,76739,54],{"class":53},[43,76741,3969],{"class":236},[43,76743,74181],{"class":53},[43,76745,444],{"class":211},[43,76747,797],{"class":63},[43,76749,20769],{"class":53},[43,76751,76752],{"class":3984},"    # reverse the list\n",[43,76754,76755,76757,76759,76761,76763,76765,76767,76769,76771,76773,76775,76777],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,76756,50],{"class":49},[43,76758,54],{"class":53},[43,76760,3969],{"class":236},[43,76762,4221],{"class":53},[43,76764,2835],{"class":63},[43,76766,325],{"class":53},[43,76768,797],{"class":63},[43,76770,325],{"class":53},[43,76772,444],{"class":211},[43,76774,797],{"class":63},[43,76776,20769],{"class":53},[43,76778,76779],{"class":3984},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[14,76781,110],{},[34,76783,76785],{"className":36,"code":76784,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[18,76786,76787,76803,76819,76847],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,76788,76789,76791,76793,76795,76797,76799,76801],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,76790,4221],{"class":53},[43,76792,512],{"class":63},[43,76794,800],{"class":53},[43,76796,8120],{"class":63},[43,76798,800],{"class":53},[43,76800,5404],{"class":63},[43,76802,3955],{"class":53},[43,76804,76805,76807,76809,76811,76813,76815,76817],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,76806,4221],{"class":53},[43,76808,16076],{"class":63},[43,76810,800],{"class":53},[43,76812,50898],{"class":63},[43,76814,800],{"class":53},[43,76816,76159],{"class":63},[43,76818,3955],{"class":53},[43,76820,76821,76823,76825,76827,76829,76831,76833,76835,76837,76839,76841,76843,76845],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,76822,4221],{"class":53},[43,76824,76338],{"class":63},[43,76826,800],{"class":53},[43,76828,5404],{"class":63},[43,76830,800],{"class":53},[43,76832,50898],{"class":63},[43,76834,800],{"class":53},[43,76836,8120],{"class":63},[43,76838,800],{"class":53},[43,76840,8115],{"class":63},[43,76842,800],{"class":53},[43,76844,6331],{"class":63},[43,76846,3955],{"class":53},[43,76848,76849,76851,76854,76856,76858,76860,76862],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,76850,4221],{"class":53},[43,76852,76853],{"class":63},"50",[43,76855,800],{"class":53},[43,76857,50898],{"class":63},[43,76859,800],{"class":53},[43,76861,8120],{"class":63},[43,76863,3955],{"class":53},[14,76865,76866,76867,315],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[189,76868,76869],{"href":74865},"how to reverse a list in Python",[402,76871,76873],{"id":76872},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[14,76875,3167],{},[34,76877,76879],{"className":36,"code":76878,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[18,76880,76881,76901],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,76882,76883,76885,76887,76889,76891,76893,76895,76897,76899],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,76884,3937],{"class":207},[43,76886,212],{"class":211},[43,76888,3942],{"class":53},[43,76890,797],{"class":63},[43,76892,800],{"class":53},[43,76894,803],{"class":63},[43,76896,800],{"class":53},[43,76898,808],{"class":63},[43,76900,3955],{"class":53},[43,76902,76903,76905,76907,76909,76911,76913],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,76904,50],{"class":49},[43,76906,54],{"class":53},[43,76908,3969],{"class":236},[43,76910,74181],{"class":53},[43,76912,2466],{"class":63},[43,76914,4209],{"class":53},[14,76916,76917,76918,76920,76921,76923],{},"Python raises a ",[18,76919,690],{}," because a slice step of ",[18,76922,2466],{}," does not make sense.",[29,76925,76927],{"id":76926},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[14,76929,76930],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[402,76932,76934],{"id":76933},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[34,76936,76938],{"className":36,"code":76937,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,76939,76940,76964,76968],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,76941,76942,76944,76946,76948,76950,76952,76954,76956,76958,76960,76962],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,76943,3937],{"class":207},[43,76945,212],{"class":211},[43,76947,3942],{"class":53},[43,76949,512],{"class":63},[43,76951,800],{"class":53},[43,76953,8115],{"class":63},[43,76955,800],{"class":53},[43,76957,8120],{"class":63},[43,76959,800],{"class":53},[43,76961,50898],{"class":63},[43,76963,3955],{"class":53},[43,76965,76966],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,76967,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,76969,76970,76972,76974,76976,76978,76980],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,76971,50],{"class":49},[43,76973,54],{"class":53},[43,76975,3969],{"class":236},[43,76977,4221],{"class":53},[43,76979,447],{"class":63},[43,76981,4209],{"class":53},[14,76983,110],{},[34,76985,76986],{"className":36,"code":69899,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,76987,76988],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,76989,76990],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,76991,69899],{"class":63},[402,76993,76995],{"id":76994},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[34,76997,76999],{"className":36,"code":76998,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[18,77000,77001,77025,77029],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,77002,77003,77005,77007,77009,77011,77013,77015,77017,77019,77021,77023],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,77004,3937],{"class":207},[43,77006,212],{"class":211},[43,77008,3942],{"class":53},[43,77010,512],{"class":63},[43,77012,800],{"class":53},[43,77014,8115],{"class":63},[43,77016,800],{"class":53},[43,77018,8120],{"class":63},[43,77020,800],{"class":53},[43,77022,50898],{"class":63},[43,77024,3955],{"class":53},[43,77026,77027],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,77028,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,77030,77031,77033,77035,77037,77039,77041,77043,77045],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,77032,50],{"class":49},[43,77034,54],{"class":53},[43,77036,3969],{"class":236},[43,77038,4221],{"class":53},[43,77040,447],{"class":63},[43,77042,325],{"class":53},[43,77044,2409],{"class":63},[43,77046,4209],{"class":53},[14,77048,110],{},[34,77050,77052],{"className":36,"code":77051,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[30]\n",[18,77053,77054],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,77055,77056,77058,77060],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,77057,4221],{"class":53},[43,77059,37166],{"class":63},[43,77061,3955],{"class":53},[14,77063,14084],{},[150,77065,77066,77072],{},[153,77067,77068,77071],{},[18,77069,77070],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[153,77073,77074,77077],{},[18,77075,77076],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[14,77079,77080],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[150,77082,77083,77086],{},[153,77084,77085],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[153,77087,77088],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[14,77090,197],{},[34,77092,77094],{"className":36,"code":77093,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[18,77095,77096,77116,77120],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,77097,77098,77100,77102,77104,77106,77108,77110,77112,77114],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,77099,3937],{"class":207},[43,77101,212],{"class":211},[43,77103,3942],{"class":53},[43,77105,512],{"class":63},[43,77107,800],{"class":53},[43,77109,8115],{"class":63},[43,77111,800],{"class":53},[43,77113,8120],{"class":63},[43,77115,3955],{"class":53},[43,77117,77118],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,77119,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,77121,77122,77124,77126,77128,77130,77132,77134,77136],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,77123,50],{"class":49},[43,77125,54],{"class":53},[43,77127,3969],{"class":236},[43,77129,4221],{"class":53},[43,77131,64],{"class":63},[43,77133,325],{"class":53},[43,77135,512],{"class":63},[43,77137,4209],{"class":53},[14,77139,110],{},[34,77141,77142],{"className":36,"code":38623,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,77143,77144],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,77145,77146],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,77147,38623],{"class":53},[14,77149,77150],{},"But this would raise an error:",[34,77152,77154],{"className":36,"code":77153,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[18,77155,77156,77176,77180],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,77157,77158,77160,77162,77164,77166,77168,77170,77172,77174],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,77159,3937],{"class":207},[43,77161,212],{"class":211},[43,77163,3942],{"class":53},[43,77165,512],{"class":63},[43,77167,800],{"class":53},[43,77169,8115],{"class":63},[43,77171,800],{"class":53},[43,77173,8120],{"class":63},[43,77175,3955],{"class":53},[43,77177,77178],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,77179,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,77181,77182,77184,77186,77188,77190,77192],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,77183,50],{"class":49},[43,77185,54],{"class":53},[43,77187,3969],{"class":236},[43,77189,4221],{"class":53},[43,77191,64],{"class":63},[43,77193,4209],{"class":53},[14,77195,77196,77197,315],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[189,77198,69318],{"href":69317},[29,77200,15499],{"id":77201},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[14,77203,77204],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[150,77206,77207,77211,77213,77216,77222],{},[153,77208,1572,77209,75800],{},[18,77210,75485],{},[153,77212,60750],{},[153,77214,77215],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[153,77217,37529,77218,9023,77220],{},[18,77219,76120],{},[18,77221,73585],{},[153,77223,77224,77225,77227],{},"Using step ",[18,77226,2466],{},", which causes an error",[402,77229,77231],{"id":77230},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[34,77233,77235],{"className":36,"code":77234,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[18,77236,77237,77265],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,77238,77239,77241,77243,77245,77247,77249,77251,77253,77255,77257,77259,77261,77263],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,77240,3937],{"class":207},[43,77242,212],{"class":211},[43,77244,3942],{"class":53},[43,77246,512],{"class":63},[43,77248,800],{"class":53},[43,77250,8115],{"class":63},[43,77252,800],{"class":53},[43,77254,8120],{"class":63},[43,77256,800],{"class":53},[43,77258,50898],{"class":63},[43,77260,800],{"class":53},[43,77262,5404],{"class":63},[43,77264,3955],{"class":53},[43,77266,77267,77269,77271,77273,77275,77277,77279,77281],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,77268,50],{"class":49},[43,77270,54],{"class":53},[43,77272,3969],{"class":236},[43,77274,4221],{"class":53},[43,77276,797],{"class":63},[43,77278,325],{"class":53},[43,77280,2835],{"class":63},[43,77282,4209],{"class":53},[14,77284,77285],{},"This returns:",[34,77287,77289],{"className":36,"code":77288,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[18,77290,77291],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,77292,77293,77295,77297,77299,77301,77303,77305],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,77294,4221],{"class":53},[43,77296,16076],{"class":63},[43,77298,800],{"class":53},[43,77300,8120],{"class":63},[43,77302,800],{"class":53},[43,77304,50898],{"class":63},[43,77306,3955],{"class":53},[14,77308,911,77309,77311,77312,77314,77315,315],{},[913,77310,734],{}," include ",[18,77313,76853],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[18,77316,2835],{},[402,77318,77320],{"id":77319},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[14,77322,16966],{},[34,77324,77326],{"className":36,"code":77325,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[18,77327,77328,77348],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,77329,77330,77332,77334,77336,77338,77340,77342,77344,77346],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,77331,3937],{"class":207},[43,77333,212],{"class":211},[43,77335,3942],{"class":53},[43,77337,512],{"class":63},[43,77339,800],{"class":53},[43,77341,8115],{"class":63},[43,77343,800],{"class":53},[43,77345,8120],{"class":63},[43,77347,3955],{"class":53},[43,77349,77350],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,77351,77352],{"class":3984},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[14,77354,77355],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[34,77357,77359],{"className":36,"code":77358,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[18,77360,77361],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,77362,77363,77365,77367,77369,77371,77373,77375,77377],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,77364,50],{"class":49},[43,77366,54],{"class":53},[43,77368,3969],{"class":236},[43,77370,4221],{"class":53},[43,77372,797],{"class":63},[43,77374,325],{"class":53},[43,77376,2409],{"class":63},[43,77378,4209],{"class":53},[402,77380,77382],{"id":77381},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[14,77384,77385],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[34,77387,77389],{"className":36,"code":77388,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77390,77391,77415,77429,77433,77443],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,77392,77393,77395,77397,77399,77401,77403,77405,77407,77409,77411,77413],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,77394,3937],{"class":207},[43,77396,212],{"class":211},[43,77398,3942],{"class":53},[43,77400,512],{"class":63},[43,77402,800],{"class":53},[43,77404,8115],{"class":63},[43,77406,800],{"class":53},[43,77408,8120],{"class":63},[43,77410,800],{"class":53},[43,77412,50898],{"class":63},[43,77414,3955],{"class":53},[43,77416,77417,77419,77421,77423,77425,77427],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,77418,75718],{"class":207},[43,77420,212],{"class":211},[43,77422,4586],{"class":207},[43,77424,75594],{"class":53},[43,77426,447],{"class":63},[43,77428,3955],{"class":53},[43,77430,77431],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,77432,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,77434,77435,77437,77439,77441],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,77436,50],{"class":49},[43,77438,54],{"class":53},[43,77440,75741],{"class":236},[43,77442,227],{"class":53},[43,77444,77445,77447,77449,77451],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,77446,50],{"class":49},[43,77448,54],{"class":53},[43,77450,3969],{"class":236},[43,77452,227],{"class":53},[14,77454,110],{},[34,77456,77458],{"className":36,"code":77457,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[18,77459,77460,77472],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,77461,77462,77464,77466,77468,77470],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,77463,4221],{"class":53},[43,77465,512],{"class":63},[43,77467,800],{"class":53},[43,77469,8115],{"class":63},[43,77471,3955],{"class":53},[43,77473,77474,77476,77478,77480,77482,77484,77486,77488,77490],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,77475,4221],{"class":53},[43,77477,512],{"class":63},[43,77479,800],{"class":53},[43,77481,8115],{"class":63},[43,77483,800],{"class":53},[43,77485,8120],{"class":63},[43,77487,800],{"class":53},[43,77489,50898],{"class":63},[43,77491,3955],{"class":53},[14,77493,77494],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[402,77496,77498,77499,9023,77501],{"id":77497},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[18,77500,76120],{},[18,77502,73585],{},[34,77504,77506],{"className":36,"code":77505,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77507,77508,77528,77532,77549,77560],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,77509,77510,77512,77514,77516,77518,77520,77522,77524,77526],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,77511,3937],{"class":207},[43,77513,212],{"class":211},[43,77515,3942],{"class":53},[43,77517,512],{"class":63},[43,77519,800],{"class":53},[43,77521,8115],{"class":63},[43,77523,800],{"class":53},[43,77525,8120],{"class":63},[43,77527,3955],{"class":53},[43,77529,77530],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,77531,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,77533,77534,77537,77539,77541,77543,77545,77547],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,77535,77536],{"class":207},"reversed_copy ",[43,77538,212],{"class":211},[43,77540,4586],{"class":207},[43,77542,74181],{"class":53},[43,77544,444],{"class":211},[43,77546,797],{"class":63},[43,77548,3955],{"class":53},[43,77550,77551,77553,77555,77558],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,77552,50],{"class":49},[43,77554,54],{"class":53},[43,77556,77557],{"class":236},"reversed_copy",[43,77559,227],{"class":53},[43,77561,77562,77564,77566,77568],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,77563,50],{"class":49},[43,77565,54],{"class":53},[43,77567,3969],{"class":236},[43,77569,227],{"class":53},[14,77571,110],{},[34,77573,77575],{"className":36,"code":77574,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,77576,77577,77593],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,77578,77579,77581,77583,77585,77587,77589,77591],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,77580,4221],{"class":53},[43,77582,37166],{"class":63},[43,77584,800],{"class":53},[43,77586,8115],{"class":63},[43,77588,800],{"class":53},[43,77590,6331],{"class":63},[43,77592,3955],{"class":53},[43,77594,77595,77597,77599,77601,77603,77605,77607],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,77596,4221],{"class":53},[43,77598,512],{"class":63},[43,77600,800],{"class":53},[43,77602,8115],{"class":63},[43,77604,800],{"class":53},[43,77606,8120],{"class":63},[43,77608,3955],{"class":53},[14,77610,77611,77614],{},[18,77612,77613],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[14,77616,77617,77618,77621],{},"By contrast, ",[18,77619,77620],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[402,77623,77625],{"id":77624},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[14,77627,77628],{},"This is not allowed:",[34,77630,77632],{"className":36,"code":77631,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[18,77633,77634,77654],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,77635,77636,77638,77640,77642,77644,77646,77648,77650,77652],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,77637,3937],{"class":207},[43,77639,212],{"class":211},[43,77641,3942],{"class":53},[43,77643,512],{"class":63},[43,77645,800],{"class":53},[43,77647,8115],{"class":63},[43,77649,800],{"class":53},[43,77651,8120],{"class":63},[43,77653,3955],{"class":53},[43,77655,77656],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,77657,77658],{"class":3984},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[14,77660,77661,77662,315],{},"Python will raise a ",[18,77663,690],{},[29,77665,77667],{"id":77666},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[14,77669,77670],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[150,77672,77673,77680,77686,77689,77692],{},[153,77674,37529,77675,895,77677,77679],{},[18,77676,36396],{},[18,77678,75485],{}," positions",[153,77681,77682,77683,77685],{},"Assuming the ",[18,77684,75485],{}," index is included",[153,77687,77688],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[153,77690,77691],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[153,77693,77694],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[14,77696,77697],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[34,77699,77701],{"className":36,"code":77700,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,77702,77703,77713,77727,77745,77759,77776],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,77704,77705,77707,77709,77711],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,77706,50],{"class":49},[43,77708,54],{"class":53},[43,77710,8659],{"class":236},[43,77712,227],{"class":53},[43,77714,77715,77717,77719,77721,77723,77725],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,77716,50],{"class":49},[43,77718,54],{"class":53},[43,77720,11477],{"class":49},[43,77722,54],{"class":53},[43,77724,8659],{"class":236},[43,77726,67],{"class":53},[43,77728,77729,77731,77733,77735,77737,77739,77741,77743],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,77730,50],{"class":49},[43,77732,54],{"class":53},[43,77734,8659],{"class":236},[43,77736,4221],{"class":53},[43,77738,797],{"class":63},[43,77740,325],{"class":53},[43,77742,2835],{"class":63},[43,77744,4209],{"class":53},[43,77746,77747,77749,77751,77753,77755,77757],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,77748,50],{"class":49},[43,77750,54],{"class":53},[43,77752,8659],{"class":236},[43,77754,75594],{"class":53},[43,77756,2409],{"class":63},[43,77758,4209],{"class":53},[43,77760,77761,77763,77765,77767,77769,77771,77773],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,77762,50],{"class":49},[43,77764,54],{"class":53},[43,77766,8659],{"class":236},[43,77768,4221],{"class":53},[43,77770,444],{"class":211},[43,77772,2409],{"class":63},[43,77774,77775],{"class":53},":])\n",[43,77777,77778,77780,77782,77784,77786,77788,77790],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,77779,50],{"class":49},[43,77781,54],{"class":53},[43,77783,8659],{"class":236},[43,77785,74181],{"class":53},[43,77787,444],{"class":211},[43,77789,797],{"class":63},[43,77791,4209],{"class":53},[14,77793,8738,77794,77796,77797,77801],{},[18,77795,42412],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[189,77798,77800],{"href":77799},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[29,77803,2162],{"id":2161},[402,77805,77807],{"id":77806},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[14,77809,77810],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[402,77812,77814],{"id":77813},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[14,77816,77817],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[402,77819,5466,77821,40286],{"id":77820},"what-does-list-1-do",[18,77822,76120],{},[14,77824,77825],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[402,77827,77829,77830,2822],{"id":77828},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[18,77831,70790],{},[14,77833,77834],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[29,77836,2229],{"id":2228},[150,77838,77839,77844,77849,77853,77857,77861],{},[153,77840,77841],{},[189,77842,77843],{"href":51034},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[153,77845,77846],{},[189,77847,77848],{"href":57210},"How to create a list in Python",[153,77850,77851],{},[189,77852,15287],{"href":57276},[153,77854,77855],{},[189,77856,74866],{"href":74865},[153,77858,77859],{},[189,77860,77800],{"href":77799},[153,77862,77863],{},[189,77864,69318],{"href":69317},[14,77866,77867,77868,77870],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[18,77869,42412],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2262,77872,77873],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":77875},[77876,77877,77878,77879,77880,77881,77884,77888,77896,77897,77905],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":75649,"depth":70,"text":75650},{"id":75812,"depth":70,"text":75813},{"id":76074,"depth":70,"text":76075},{"id":76368,"depth":70,"text":76369},{"id":76614,"depth":70,"text":76615,"children":77882},[77883],{"id":76872,"depth":93,"text":76873},{"id":76926,"depth":70,"text":76927,"children":77885},[77886,77887],{"id":76933,"depth":93,"text":76934},{"id":76994,"depth":93,"text":76995},{"id":77201,"depth":70,"text":15499,"children":77889},[77890,77891,77892,77893,77895],{"id":77230,"depth":93,"text":77231},{"id":77319,"depth":93,"text":77320},{"id":77381,"depth":93,"text":77382},{"id":77497,"depth":93,"text":77894},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77624,"depth":93,"text":77625},{"id":77666,"depth":70,"text":77667},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":77898},[77899,77900,77901,77903],{"id":77806,"depth":93,"text":77807},{"id":77813,"depth":93,"text":77814},{"id":77820,"depth":93,"text":77902},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77828,"depth":93,"text":77904},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75472,"description":77906},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77913,"title":77914,"body":77915,"description":79984,"extension":2312,"meta":79985,"navigation":958,"path":79986,"seo":79987,"stem":79988,"__hash__":79989},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77916,"toc":79950},[77917,77922,77928,77934,77936,77983,77990,77995,77999,78014,78017,78070,78072,78097,78102,78104,78136,78139,78155,78157,78218,78220,78245,78249,78254,78307,78309,78334,78339,78400,78402,78427,78430,78437,78441,78444,78505,78507,78540,78543,78604,78606,78639,78645,78718,78720,78752,78759,78764,78769,78771,78783,78786,78864,78866,78907,78910,78984,78986,79019,79024,79031,79038,79042,79051,79055,79063,79065,79132,79134,79170,79175,79186,79188,79193,79198,79200,79263,79265,79290,79297,79302,79306,79309,79349,79354,79360,79365,79367,79394,79399,79402,79449,79451,79508,79515,79520,79526,79595,79599,79602,79665,79667,79700,79705,79707,79710,79791,79793,79817,79823,79825,79830,79834,79841,79849,79853,79855,79878,79882,79884,79911,79914,79921,79924,79926,79947],[10,77918,54398,77920,11638],{"id":77919},"python-list-sort-method",[18,77921,64370],{},[14,77923,77924,77927],{},[18,77925,77926],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[14,77929,77930,77931,77933],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[18,77932,64370],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[29,77935,32],{"id":31},[34,77937,77939],{"className":36,"code":77938,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,77940,77941,77961,77971],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,77942,77943,77945,77947,77949,77951,77953,77955,77957,77959],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,77944,3937],{"class":207},[43,77946,212],{"class":211},[43,77948,3942],{"class":53},[43,77950,2409],{"class":63},[43,77952,800],{"class":53},[43,77954,5823],{"class":63},[43,77956,800],{"class":53},[43,77958,803],{"class":63},[43,77960,3955],{"class":53},[43,77962,77963,77965,77967,77969],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,77964,3969],{"class":207},[43,77966,315],{"class":53},[43,77968,35121],{"class":236},[43,77970,1728],{"class":53},[43,77972,77973,77975,77977,77979,77981],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,77974,50],{"class":49},[43,77976,54],{"class":53},[43,77978,3969],{"class":236},[43,77980,1221],{"class":53},[43,77982,54988],{"class":3984},[14,77984,133,77985,77987,77988,315],{},[18,77986,77926],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[18,77989,4099],{},[29,77991,3998,77993,4001],{"id":77992},"what-listsort-does",[18,77994,77926],{},[14,77996,77997,325],{},[18,77998,77926],{},[150,78000,78001,78004,78007,78011],{},[153,78002,78003],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[153,78005,78006],{},"Changes the original list",[153,78008,11740,78009],{},[18,78010,4099],{},[153,78012,78013],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[14,78015,78016],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[34,78018,78020],{"className":36,"code":78019,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78021,78022,78046,78056,78060],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78023,78024,78026,78028,78030,78032,78034,78036,78038,78040,78042,78044],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78025,3937],{"class":207},[43,78027,212],{"class":211},[43,78029,3942],{"class":53},[43,78031,64],{"class":63},[43,78033,800],{"class":53},[43,78035,803],{"class":63},[43,78037,800],{"class":53},[43,78039,54192],{"class":63},[43,78041,800],{"class":53},[43,78043,5823],{"class":63},[43,78045,3955],{"class":53},[43,78047,78048,78050,78052,78054],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,78049,3969],{"class":207},[43,78051,315],{"class":53},[43,78053,35121],{"class":236},[43,78055,1728],{"class":53},[43,78057,78058],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,78059,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,78061,78062,78064,78066,78068],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,78063,50],{"class":49},[43,78065,54],{"class":53},[43,78067,3969],{"class":236},[43,78069,227],{"class":53},[14,78071,110],{},[34,78073,78075],{"className":36,"code":78074,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[18,78076,78077],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78078,78079,78081,78083,78085,78087,78089,78091,78093,78095],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78080,4221],{"class":53},[43,78082,797],{"class":63},[43,78084,800],{"class":53},[43,78086,803],{"class":63},[43,78088,800],{"class":53},[43,78090,4929],{"class":63},[43,78092,800],{"class":53},[43,78094,54192],{"class":63},[43,78096,3955],{"class":53},[14,78098,78099,78100,315],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[189,78101,67136],{"href":51034},[29,78103,290],{"id":289},[34,78105,78107],{"className":36,"code":78106,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[18,78108,78109],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78110,78111,78113,78115,78117,78119,78121,78123,78125,78127,78130,78132,78134],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78112,8659],{"class":207},[43,78114,315],{"class":53},[43,78116,35121],{"class":236},[43,78118,54],{"class":53},[43,78120,15163],{"class":9491},[43,78122,212],{"class":211},[43,78124,4099],{"class":104},[43,78126,800],{"class":53},[43,78128,78129],{"class":9491}," reverse",[43,78131,212],{"class":211},[43,78133,613],{"class":104},[43,78135,227],{"class":53},[14,78137,78138],{},"Main arguments:",[150,78140,78141,78146,78152],{},[153,78142,78143,78145],{},[18,78144,15163],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[153,78147,78148,78151],{},[18,78149,78150],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[153,78153,78154],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[14,78156,197],{},[34,78158,78160],{"className":36,"code":78159,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78161,78162,78186,78204,78208],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78163,78164,78166,78168,78170,78172,78174,78176,78178,78180,78182,78184],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78165,3937],{"class":207},[43,78167,212],{"class":211},[43,78169,3942],{"class":53},[43,78171,2835],{"class":63},[43,78173,800],{"class":53},[43,78175,5823],{"class":63},[43,78177,800],{"class":53},[43,78179,6320],{"class":63},[43,78181,800],{"class":53},[43,78183,803],{"class":63},[43,78185,3955],{"class":53},[43,78187,78188,78190,78192,78194,78196,78198,78200,78202],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,78189,3969],{"class":207},[43,78191,315],{"class":53},[43,78193,35121],{"class":236},[43,78195,54],{"class":53},[43,78197,73636],{"class":9491},[43,78199,212],{"class":211},[43,78201,105],{"class":104},[43,78203,227],{"class":53},[43,78205,78206],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,78207,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,78209,78210,78212,78214,78216],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,78211,50],{"class":49},[43,78213,54],{"class":53},[43,78215,3969],{"class":236},[43,78217,227],{"class":53},[14,78219,110],{},[34,78221,78223],{"className":36,"code":78222,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[18,78224,78225],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78226,78227,78229,78231,78233,78235,78237,78239,78241,78243],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78228,4221],{"class":53},[43,78230,2372],{"class":63},[43,78232,800],{"class":53},[43,78234,2789],{"class":63},[43,78236,800],{"class":53},[43,78238,803],{"class":63},[43,78240,800],{"class":53},[43,78242,5823],{"class":63},[43,78244,3955],{"class":53},[29,78246,78248],{"id":78247},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[14,78250,133,78251,78253],{},[18,78252,64370],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[34,78255,78257],{"className":36,"code":78256,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78258,78259,78283,78293,78297],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78260,78261,78263,78265,78267,78269,78271,78273,78275,78277,78279,78281],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78262,3937],{"class":207},[43,78264,212],{"class":211},[43,78266,3942],{"class":53},[43,78268,512],{"class":63},[43,78270,800],{"class":53},[43,78272,808],{"class":63},[43,78274,800],{"class":53},[43,78276,6686],{"class":63},[43,78278,800],{"class":53},[43,78280,5823],{"class":63},[43,78282,3955],{"class":53},[43,78284,78285,78287,78289,78291],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,78286,3969],{"class":207},[43,78288,315],{"class":53},[43,78290,35121],{"class":236},[43,78292,1728],{"class":53},[43,78294,78295],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,78296,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,78298,78299,78301,78303,78305],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,78300,50],{"class":49},[43,78302,54],{"class":53},[43,78304,3969],{"class":236},[43,78306,227],{"class":53},[14,78308,110],{},[34,78310,78312],{"className":36,"code":78311,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[18,78313,78314],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78315,78316,78318,78320,78322,78324,78326,78328,78330,78332],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78317,4221],{"class":53},[43,78319,797],{"class":63},[43,78321,800],{"class":53},[43,78323,808],{"class":63},[43,78325,800],{"class":53},[43,78327,6686],{"class":63},[43,78329,800],{"class":53},[43,78331,6331],{"class":63},[43,78333,3955],{"class":53},[14,78335,133,78336,78338],{},[18,78337,78150],{}," for descending order:",[34,78340,78342],{"className":36,"code":78341,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78343,78344,78368,78386,78390],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78345,78346,78348,78350,78352,78354,78356,78358,78360,78362,78364,78366],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78347,3937],{"class":207},[43,78349,212],{"class":211},[43,78351,3942],{"class":53},[43,78353,512],{"class":63},[43,78355,800],{"class":53},[43,78357,808],{"class":63},[43,78359,800],{"class":53},[43,78361,6686],{"class":63},[43,78363,800],{"class":53},[43,78365,5823],{"class":63},[43,78367,3955],{"class":53},[43,78369,78370,78372,78374,78376,78378,78380,78382,78384],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,78371,3969],{"class":207},[43,78373,315],{"class":53},[43,78375,35121],{"class":236},[43,78377,54],{"class":53},[43,78379,73636],{"class":9491},[43,78381,212],{"class":211},[43,78383,105],{"class":104},[43,78385,227],{"class":53},[43,78387,78388],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,78389,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,78391,78392,78394,78396,78398],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,78393,50],{"class":49},[43,78395,54],{"class":53},[43,78397,3969],{"class":236},[43,78399,227],{"class":53},[14,78401,110],{},[34,78403,78405],{"className":36,"code":78404,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[18,78406,78407],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78408,78409,78411,78413,78415,78417,78419,78421,78423,78425],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78410,4221],{"class":53},[43,78412,512],{"class":63},[43,78414,800],{"class":53},[43,78416,6686],{"class":63},[43,78418,800],{"class":53},[43,78420,808],{"class":63},[43,78422,800],{"class":53},[43,78424,5823],{"class":63},[43,78426,3955],{"class":53},[14,78428,78429],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[14,78431,78432,78433,315],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[189,78434,78436],{"href":78435},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[29,78438,78440],{"id":78439},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[14,78442,78443],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[34,78445,78447],{"className":36,"code":78446,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78448,78449,78481,78491,78495],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78450,78451,78453,78455,78457,78459,78461,78463,78465,78467,78469,78471,78473,78475,78477,78479],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78452,4392],{"class":207},[43,78454,212],{"class":211},[43,78456,3942],{"class":53},[43,78458,82],{"class":81},[43,78460,4410],{"class":85},[43,78462,82],{"class":81},[43,78464,800],{"class":53},[43,78466,932],{"class":81},[43,78468,4401],{"class":85},[43,78470,82],{"class":81},[43,78472,800],{"class":53},[43,78474,932],{"class":81},[43,78476,4419],{"class":85},[43,78478,82],{"class":81},[43,78480,3955],{"class":53},[43,78482,78483,78485,78487,78489],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,78484,4436],{"class":207},[43,78486,315],{"class":53},[43,78488,35121],{"class":236},[43,78490,1728],{"class":53},[43,78492,78493],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,78494,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,78496,78497,78499,78501,78503],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,78498,50],{"class":49},[43,78500,54],{"class":53},[43,78502,4436],{"class":236},[43,78504,227],{"class":53},[14,78506,110],{},[34,78508,78510],{"className":36,"code":78509,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,78511,78512],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78513,78514,78516,78518,78520,78522,78524,78526,78528,78530,78532,78534,78536,78538],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78515,4221],{"class":53},[43,78517,283],{"class":81},[43,78519,4401],{"class":85},[43,78521,283],{"class":81},[43,78523,800],{"class":53},[43,78525,278],{"class":81},[43,78527,4410],{"class":85},[43,78529,283],{"class":81},[43,78531,800],{"class":53},[43,78533,278],{"class":81},[43,78535,4419],{"class":85},[43,78537,283],{"class":81},[43,78539,3955],{"class":53},[14,78541,78542],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[34,78544,78546],{"className":36,"code":78545,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78547,78548,78580,78590,78594],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78549,78550,78552,78554,78556,78558,78560,78562,78564,78566,78568,78570,78572,78574,78576,78578],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78551,4392],{"class":207},[43,78553,212],{"class":211},[43,78555,3942],{"class":53},[43,78557,82],{"class":81},[43,78559,4410],{"class":85},[43,78561,82],{"class":81},[43,78563,800],{"class":53},[43,78565,932],{"class":81},[43,78567,57825],{"class":85},[43,78569,82],{"class":81},[43,78571,800],{"class":53},[43,78573,932],{"class":81},[43,78575,4419],{"class":85},[43,78577,82],{"class":81},[43,78579,3955],{"class":53},[43,78581,78582,78584,78586,78588],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,78583,4436],{"class":207},[43,78585,315],{"class":53},[43,78587,35121],{"class":236},[43,78589,1728],{"class":53},[43,78591,78592],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,78593,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,78595,78596,78598,78600,78602],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,78597,50],{"class":49},[43,78599,54],{"class":53},[43,78601,4436],{"class":236},[43,78603,227],{"class":53},[14,78605,110],{},[34,78607,78609],{"className":36,"code":78608,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,78610,78611],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78612,78613,78615,78617,78619,78621,78623,78625,78627,78629,78631,78633,78635,78637],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78614,4221],{"class":53},[43,78616,283],{"class":81},[43,78618,57825],{"class":85},[43,78620,283],{"class":81},[43,78622,800],{"class":53},[43,78624,278],{"class":81},[43,78626,4410],{"class":85},[43,78628,283],{"class":81},[43,78630,800],{"class":53},[43,78632,278],{"class":81},[43,78634,4419],{"class":85},[43,78636,283],{"class":81},[43,78638,3955],{"class":53},[14,78640,78641,78642,325],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[18,78643,78644],{},"key=str.lower",[34,78646,78648],{"className":36,"code":78647,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78649,78650,78682,78704,78708],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78651,78652,78654,78656,78658,78660,78662,78664,78666,78668,78670,78672,78674,78676,78678,78680],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78653,4392],{"class":207},[43,78655,212],{"class":211},[43,78657,3942],{"class":53},[43,78659,82],{"class":81},[43,78661,4410],{"class":85},[43,78663,82],{"class":81},[43,78665,800],{"class":53},[43,78667,932],{"class":81},[43,78669,57825],{"class":85},[43,78671,82],{"class":81},[43,78673,800],{"class":53},[43,78675,932],{"class":81},[43,78677,4419],{"class":85},[43,78679,82],{"class":81},[43,78681,3955],{"class":53},[43,78683,78684,78686,78688,78690,78692,78694,78696,78698,78700,78702],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,78685,4436],{"class":207},[43,78687,315],{"class":53},[43,78689,35121],{"class":236},[43,78691,54],{"class":53},[43,78693,15163],{"class":9491},[43,78695,212],{"class":211},[43,78697,1038],{"class":57},[43,78699,315],{"class":53},[43,78701,8959],{"class":25074},[43,78703,227],{"class":53},[43,78705,78706],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,78707,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,78709,78710,78712,78714,78716],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,78711,50],{"class":49},[43,78713,54],{"class":53},[43,78715,4436],{"class":236},[43,78717,227],{"class":53},[14,78719,110],{},[34,78721,78722],{"className":36,"code":78608,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,78723,78724],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78725,78726,78728,78730,78732,78734,78736,78738,78740,78742,78744,78746,78748,78750],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78727,4221],{"class":53},[43,78729,283],{"class":81},[43,78731,57825],{"class":85},[43,78733,283],{"class":81},[43,78735,800],{"class":53},[43,78737,278],{"class":81},[43,78739,4410],{"class":85},[43,78741,283],{"class":81},[43,78743,800],{"class":53},[43,78745,278],{"class":81},[43,78747,4419],{"class":85},[43,78749,283],{"class":81},[43,78751,3955],{"class":53},[14,78753,78754,78755,78758],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[18,78756,78757],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[29,78760,36937,78762,36940],{"id":78761},"using-the-key-argument",[18,78763,15163],{},[14,78765,1073,78766,78768],{},[18,78767,15163],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[14,78770,7667],{},[150,78772,78773,78778],{},[153,78774,78775,78777],{},[18,78776,11477],{}," to sort by length",[153,78779,78780,78782],{},[18,78781,78757],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[14,78784,78785],{},"Sort words by length:",[34,78787,78789],{"className":36,"code":78788,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78790,78791,78832,78850,78854],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78792,78793,78795,78797,78799,78801,78804,78806,78808,78810,78812,78814,78816,78818,78820,78822,78824,78826,78828,78830],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78794,4392],{"class":207},[43,78796,212],{"class":211},[43,78798,3942],{"class":53},[43,78800,82],{"class":81},[43,78802,78803],{"class":85},"pear",[43,78805,82],{"class":81},[43,78807,800],{"class":53},[43,78809,932],{"class":81},[43,78811,4410],{"class":85},[43,78813,82],{"class":81},[43,78815,800],{"class":53},[43,78817,932],{"class":81},[43,78819,38684],{"class":85},[43,78821,82],{"class":81},[43,78823,800],{"class":53},[43,78825,932],{"class":81},[43,78827,4401],{"class":85},[43,78829,82],{"class":81},[43,78831,3955],{"class":53},[43,78833,78834,78836,78838,78840,78842,78844,78846,78848],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,78835,4436],{"class":207},[43,78837,315],{"class":53},[43,78839,35121],{"class":236},[43,78841,54],{"class":53},[43,78843,15163],{"class":9491},[43,78845,212],{"class":211},[43,78847,11477],{"class":49},[43,78849,227],{"class":53},[43,78851,78852],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,78853,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,78855,78856,78858,78860,78862],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,78857,50],{"class":49},[43,78859,54],{"class":53},[43,78861,4436],{"class":236},[43,78863,227],{"class":53},[14,78865,110],{},[34,78867,78869],{"className":36,"code":78868,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[18,78870,78871],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78872,78873,78875,78877,78879,78881,78883,78885,78887,78889,78891,78893,78895,78897,78899,78901,78903,78905],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78874,4221],{"class":53},[43,78876,283],{"class":81},[43,78878,38684],{"class":85},[43,78880,283],{"class":81},[43,78882,800],{"class":53},[43,78884,278],{"class":81},[43,78886,78803],{"class":85},[43,78888,283],{"class":81},[43,78890,800],{"class":53},[43,78892,278],{"class":81},[43,78894,4401],{"class":85},[43,78896,283],{"class":81},[43,78898,800],{"class":53},[43,78900,278],{"class":81},[43,78902,4410],{"class":85},[43,78904,283],{"class":81},[43,78906,3955],{"class":53},[14,78908,78909],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[34,78911,78913],{"className":36,"code":78912,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78914,78915,78948,78970,78974],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78916,78917,78919,78921,78923,78925,78927,78929,78931,78933,78935,78937,78939,78941,78944,78946],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78918,4392],{"class":207},[43,78920,212],{"class":211},[43,78922,3942],{"class":53},[43,78924,82],{"class":81},[43,78926,5336],{"class":85},[43,78928,82],{"class":81},[43,78930,800],{"class":53},[43,78932,932],{"class":81},[43,78934,18125],{"class":85},[43,78936,82],{"class":81},[43,78938,800],{"class":53},[43,78940,932],{"class":81},[43,78942,78943],{"class":85},"Carol",[43,78945,82],{"class":81},[43,78947,3955],{"class":53},[43,78949,78950,78952,78954,78956,78958,78960,78962,78964,78966,78968],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,78951,4436],{"class":207},[43,78953,315],{"class":53},[43,78955,35121],{"class":236},[43,78957,54],{"class":53},[43,78959,15163],{"class":9491},[43,78961,212],{"class":211},[43,78963,1038],{"class":57},[43,78965,315],{"class":53},[43,78967,8959],{"class":25074},[43,78969,227],{"class":53},[43,78971,78972],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,78973,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,78975,78976,78978,78980,78982],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,78977,50],{"class":49},[43,78979,54],{"class":53},[43,78981,4436],{"class":236},[43,78983,227],{"class":53},[14,78985,110],{},[34,78987,78989],{"className":36,"code":78988,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[18,78990,78991],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,78992,78993,78995,78997,78999,79001,79003,79005,79007,79009,79011,79013,79015,79017],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,78994,4221],{"class":53},[43,78996,283],{"class":81},[43,78998,18125],{"class":85},[43,79000,283],{"class":81},[43,79002,800],{"class":53},[43,79004,278],{"class":81},[43,79006,5336],{"class":85},[43,79008,283],{"class":81},[43,79010,800],{"class":53},[43,79012,278],{"class":81},[43,79014,78943],{"class":85},[43,79016,283],{"class":81},[43,79018,3955],{"class":53},[14,79020,1073,79021,79023],{},[18,79022,15163],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[29,79025,79027,10901,79029],{"id":79026},"listsort-vs-sorted",[18,79028,77926],{},[18,79030,74483],{},[14,79032,79033,895,79035,79037],{},[18,79034,77926],{},[18,79036,74483],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[14,79039,79040,325],{},[18,79041,77926],{},[150,79043,79044,79047],{},[153,79045,79046],{},"Changes the existing list",[153,79048,11740,79049],{},[18,79050,4099],{},[14,79052,79053,325],{},[18,79054,74483],{},[150,79056,79057,79060],{},[153,79058,79059],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[153,79061,79062],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[14,79064,197],{},[34,79066,79068],{"className":36,"code":79067,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[18,79069,79070,79090,79094,79108,79112,79122],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79071,79072,79074,79076,79078,79080,79082,79084,79086,79088],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79073,3937],{"class":207},[43,79075,212],{"class":211},[43,79077,3942],{"class":53},[43,79079,2409],{"class":63},[43,79081,800],{"class":53},[43,79083,5823],{"class":63},[43,79085,800],{"class":53},[43,79087,803],{"class":63},[43,79089,3955],{"class":53},[43,79091,79092],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,79093,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,79095,79096,79098,79100,79102,79104,79106],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,79097,55946],{"class":207},[43,79099,212],{"class":211},[43,79101,74617],{"class":49},[43,79103,54],{"class":53},[43,79105,3969],{"class":236},[43,79107,227],{"class":53},[43,79109,79110],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,79111,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,79113,79114,79116,79118,79120],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,79115,50],{"class":49},[43,79117,54],{"class":53},[43,79119,3969],{"class":236},[43,79121,227],{"class":53},[43,79123,79124,79126,79128,79130],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,79125,50],{"class":49},[43,79127,54],{"class":53},[43,79129,74340],{"class":236},[43,79131,227],{"class":53},[14,79133,110],{},[34,79135,79136],{"className":36,"code":74652,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,79137,79138,79154],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79139,79140,79142,79144,79146,79148,79150,79152],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79141,4221],{"class":53},[43,79143,2409],{"class":63},[43,79145,800],{"class":53},[43,79147,5823],{"class":63},[43,79149,800],{"class":53},[43,79151,803],{"class":63},[43,79153,3955],{"class":53},[43,79155,79156,79158,79160,79162,79164,79166,79168],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,79157,4221],{"class":53},[43,79159,797],{"class":63},[43,79161,800],{"class":53},[43,79163,803],{"class":63},[43,79165,800],{"class":53},[43,79167,808],{"class":63},[43,79169,3955],{"class":53},[14,79171,133,79172,79174],{},[18,79173,74483],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[14,79176,79177,79178,895,79182,315],{},"You can learn more in ",[189,79179,3894,79180,6109],{"href":74580},[18,79181,74483],{},[189,79183,79185],{"href":79184},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[29,79187,3160],{"id":3159},[14,79189,79190,79191,315],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,79192,77926],{},[402,79194,12913,79196],{"id":79195},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[18,79197,64370],{},[14,79199,26014],{},[34,79201,79203],{"className":36,"code":79202,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,79204,79205,79225,79239,79243,79253],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79206,79207,79209,79211,79213,79215,79217,79219,79221,79223],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79208,3937],{"class":207},[43,79210,212],{"class":211},[43,79212,3942],{"class":53},[43,79214,2409],{"class":63},[43,79216,800],{"class":53},[43,79218,5823],{"class":63},[43,79220,800],{"class":53},[43,79222,803],{"class":63},[43,79224,3955],{"class":53},[43,79226,79227,79229,79231,79233,79235,79237],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,79228,1282],{"class":207},[43,79230,212],{"class":211},[43,79232,4586],{"class":207},[43,79234,315],{"class":53},[43,79236,35121],{"class":236},[43,79238,1728],{"class":53},[43,79240,79241],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,79242,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,79244,79245,79247,79249,79251],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,79246,50],{"class":49},[43,79248,54],{"class":53},[43,79250,1306],{"class":236},[43,79252,227],{"class":53},[43,79254,79255,79257,79259,79261],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,79256,50],{"class":49},[43,79258,54],{"class":53},[43,79260,3969],{"class":236},[43,79262,227],{"class":53},[14,79264,110],{},[34,79266,79268],{"className":36,"code":79267,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,79269,79270,79274],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79271,79272],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79273,12126],{"class":104},[43,79275,79276,79278,79280,79282,79284,79286,79288],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,79277,4221],{"class":53},[43,79279,797],{"class":63},[43,79281,800],{"class":53},[43,79283,803],{"class":63},[43,79285,800],{"class":53},[43,79287,808],{"class":63},[43,79289,3955],{"class":53},[14,79291,79292,79294,79295,315],{},[18,79293,64370],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[18,79296,4099],{},[14,79298,79299,79300,6956],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[18,79301,74483],{},[402,79303,79305],{"id":79304},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[14,79307,79308],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[34,79310,79312],{"className":36,"code":79311,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[18,79313,79314,79339],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79315,79316,79318,79320,79322,79324,79326,79328,79331,79333,79335,79337],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79317,8104],{"class":207},[43,79319,212],{"class":211},[43,79321,3942],{"class":53},[43,79323,797],{"class":63},[43,79325,800],{"class":53},[43,79327,932],{"class":81},[43,79329,79330],{"class":85},"two",[43,79332,82],{"class":81},[43,79334,800],{"class":53},[43,79336,808],{"class":63},[43,79338,3955],{"class":53},[43,79340,79341,79343,79345,79347],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,79342,8135],{"class":207},[43,79344,315],{"class":53},[43,79346,35121],{"class":236},[43,79348,1728],{"class":53},[14,79350,885,79351,79353],{},[18,79352,823],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[402,79355,1572,79357,79359],{"id":79356},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[18,79358,64370],{}," only works on lists",[14,79361,79362,79364],{},[18,79363,64370],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[14,79366,16966],{},[34,79368,79370],{"className":36,"code":79369,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[18,79371,79372,79384],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79373,79374,79376,79378,79380,79382],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79375,927],{"class":207},[43,79377,212],{"class":211},[43,79379,932],{"class":81},[43,79381,38],{"class":85},[43,79383,938],{"class":81},[43,79385,79386,79388,79390,79392],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,79387,951],{"class":207},[43,79389,315],{"class":53},[43,79391,35121],{"class":236},[43,79393,1728],{"class":53},[14,79395,79396,79397,33923],{},"Strings do not have a ",[18,79398,64370],{},[14,79400,79401],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[34,79403,79405],{"className":36,"code":79404,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,79406,79407,79425,79435,79439],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79408,79409,79411,79413,79415,79417,79419,79421,79423],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79410,36414],{"class":207},[43,79412,212],{"class":211},[43,79414,22883],{"class":57},[43,79416,54],{"class":53},[43,79418,82],{"class":81},[43,79420,38],{"class":85},[43,79422,82],{"class":81},[43,79424,227],{"class":53},[43,79426,79427,79429,79431,79433],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,79428,36467],{"class":207},[43,79430,315],{"class":53},[43,79432,35121],{"class":236},[43,79434,1728],{"class":53},[43,79436,79437],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,79438,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,79440,79441,79443,79445,79447],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,79442,50],{"class":49},[43,79444,54],{"class":53},[43,79446,36467],{"class":236},[43,79448,227],{"class":53},[14,79450,110],{},[34,79452,79454],{"className":36,"code":79453,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[18,79455,79456],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79457,79458,79460,79462,79464,79466,79468,79470,79472,79474,79476,79478,79480,79482,79484,79486,79488,79490,79492,79494,79496,79498,79500,79502,79504,79506],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79459,4221],{"class":53},[43,79461,283],{"class":81},[43,79463,60496],{"class":85},[43,79465,283],{"class":81},[43,79467,800],{"class":53},[43,79469,278],{"class":81},[43,79471,76089],{"class":85},[43,79473,283],{"class":81},[43,79475,800],{"class":53},[43,79477,278],{"class":81},[43,79479,60531],{"class":85},[43,79481,283],{"class":81},[43,79483,800],{"class":53},[43,79485,278],{"class":81},[43,79487,14],{"class":85},[43,79489,283],{"class":81},[43,79491,800],{"class":53},[43,79493,278],{"class":81},[43,79495,63345],{"class":85},[43,79497,283],{"class":81},[43,79499,800],{"class":53},[43,79501,278],{"class":81},[43,79503,12063],{"class":85},[43,79505,283],{"class":81},[43,79507,3955],{"class":53},[402,79509,79511,79512,79514],{"id":79510},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[18,79513,15163],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[14,79516,79517,79518,315],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[18,79519,15163],{},[14,79521,79522,79523,79525],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[18,79524,64370],{}," will not do that:",[34,79527,79529],{"className":36,"code":79528,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,79530,79531,79563,79581,79585],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79532,79533,79535,79537,79539,79541,79543,79545,79547,79549,79551,79553,79555,79557,79559,79561],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79534,4392],{"class":207},[43,79536,212],{"class":211},[43,79538,3942],{"class":53},[43,79540,82],{"class":81},[43,79542,4410],{"class":85},[43,79544,82],{"class":81},[43,79546,800],{"class":53},[43,79548,932],{"class":81},[43,79550,38684],{"class":85},[43,79552,82],{"class":81},[43,79554,800],{"class":53},[43,79556,932],{"class":81},[43,79558,4401],{"class":85},[43,79560,82],{"class":81},[43,79562,3955],{"class":53},[43,79564,79565,79567,79569,79571,79573,79575,79577,79579],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,79566,4436],{"class":207},[43,79568,315],{"class":53},[43,79570,35121],{"class":236},[43,79572,54],{"class":53},[43,79574,15163],{"class":9491},[43,79576,212],{"class":211},[43,79578,11477],{"class":49},[43,79580,227],{"class":53},[43,79582,79583],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,79584,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,79586,79587,79589,79591,79593],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,79588,50],{"class":49},[43,79590,54],{"class":53},[43,79592,4436],{"class":236},[43,79594,227],{"class":53},[402,79596,79598],{"id":79597},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[14,79600,79601],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[34,79603,79605],{"className":36,"code":79604,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,79606,79607,79641,79651,79655],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79608,79609,79611,79613,79615,79617,79620,79622,79624,79626,79628,79630,79632,79634,79637,79639],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79610,4392],{"class":207},[43,79612,212],{"class":211},[43,79614,3942],{"class":53},[43,79616,82],{"class":81},[43,79618,79619],{"class":85},"zebra",[43,79621,82],{"class":81},[43,79623,800],{"class":53},[43,79625,932],{"class":81},[43,79627,57825],{"class":85},[43,79629,82],{"class":81},[43,79631,800],{"class":53},[43,79633,932],{"class":81},[43,79635,79636],{"class":85},"monkey",[43,79638,82],{"class":81},[43,79640,3955],{"class":53},[43,79642,79643,79645,79647,79649],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,79644,4436],{"class":207},[43,79646,315],{"class":53},[43,79648,35121],{"class":236},[43,79650,1728],{"class":53},[43,79652,79653],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,79654,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,79656,79657,79659,79661,79663],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,79658,50],{"class":49},[43,79660,54],{"class":53},[43,79662,4436],{"class":236},[43,79664,227],{"class":53},[14,79666,110],{},[34,79668,79670],{"className":36,"code":79669,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[18,79671,79672],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79673,79674,79676,79678,79680,79682,79684,79686,79688,79690,79692,79694,79696,79698],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79675,4221],{"class":53},[43,79677,283],{"class":81},[43,79679,57825],{"class":85},[43,79681,283],{"class":81},[43,79683,800],{"class":53},[43,79685,278],{"class":81},[43,79687,79636],{"class":85},[43,79689,283],{"class":81},[43,79691,800],{"class":53},[43,79693,278],{"class":81},[43,79695,79619],{"class":85},[43,79697,283],{"class":81},[43,79699,3955],{"class":53},[14,79701,133,79702,79704],{},[18,79703,78644],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[402,79706,60768],{"id":60767},[14,79708,79709],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[34,79711,79713],{"className":36,"code":79712,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[18,79714,79715,79725,79739,79753,79767],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79716,79717,79719,79721,79723],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79718,50],{"class":49},[43,79720,54],{"class":53},[43,79722,8659],{"class":236},[43,79724,227],{"class":53},[43,79726,79727,79729,79731,79733,79735,79737],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,79728,50],{"class":49},[43,79730,54],{"class":53},[43,79732,248],{"class":57},[43,79734,54],{"class":53},[43,79736,8659],{"class":236},[43,79738,67],{"class":53},[43,79740,79741,79743,79745,79747,79749,79751],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,79742,50],{"class":49},[43,79744,54],{"class":53},[43,79746,8659],{"class":236},[43,79748,315],{"class":53},[43,79750,35121],{"class":236},[43,79752,341],{"class":53},[43,79754,79755,79757,79759,79761,79763,79765],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,79756,50],{"class":49},[43,79758,54],{"class":53},[43,79760,74573],{"class":49},[43,79762,54],{"class":53},[43,79764,8659],{"class":236},[43,79766,67],{"class":53},[43,79768,79769,79771,79773,79775,79777,79779,79781,79783,79785,79787,79789],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,79770,50],{"class":49},[43,79772,794],{"class":53},[43,79774,248],{"class":57},[43,79776,54],{"class":53},[43,79778,23634],{"class":236},[43,79780,1221],{"class":53},[43,79782,4197],{"class":1927},[43,79784,6287],{"class":236},[43,79786,4203],{"class":1927},[43,79788,8716],{"class":236},[43,79790,4209],{"class":53},[14,79792,11486],{},[150,79794,79795,79798,79801,79808,79814],{},[153,79796,79797],{},"What values are in the list",[153,79799,79800],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[153,79802,79803,79804,2733,79806],{},"That ",[18,79805,64370],{},[18,79807,4099],{},[153,79809,79810,79811,79813],{},"Whether ",[18,79812,74483],{}," works better for your case",[153,79815,79816],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[14,79818,79819,79820,79822],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[18,79821,823],{}," problems.",[29,79824,2162],{"id":2161},[402,79826,13023,79828,55525],{"id":79827},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[18,79829,77926],{},[14,79831,62661,79832,315],{},[18,79833,4099],{},[402,79835,5503,79837,895,79839,2822],{"id":79836},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[18,79838,64370],{},[18,79840,74483],{},[14,79842,79843,79845,79846,79848],{},[18,79844,64370],{}," changes the list itself. ",[18,79847,74483],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[402,79850,79852],{"id":79851},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[14,79854,19017],{},[34,79856,79858],{"className":36,"code":79857,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[18,79859,79860],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79861,79862,79864,79866,79868,79870,79872,79874,79876],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79863,8659],{"class":207},[43,79865,315],{"class":53},[43,79867,35121],{"class":236},[43,79869,54],{"class":53},[43,79871,73636],{"class":9491},[43,79873,212],{"class":211},[43,79875,105],{"class":104},[43,79877,227],{"class":53},[402,79879,79881],{"id":79880},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[14,79883,19017],{},[34,79885,79887],{"className":36,"code":79886,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[18,79888,79889],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,79890,79891,79893,79895,79897,79899,79901,79903,79905,79907,79909],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,79892,8659],{"class":207},[43,79894,315],{"class":53},[43,79896,35121],{"class":236},[43,79898,54],{"class":53},[43,79900,15163],{"class":9491},[43,79902,212],{"class":211},[43,79904,1038],{"class":57},[43,79906,315],{"class":53},[43,79908,8959],{"class":25074},[43,79910,227],{"class":53},[14,79912,79913],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[402,79915,79917,79918,79920],{"id":79916},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[18,79919,823],{}," when sorting?",[14,79922,79923],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[29,79925,2229],{"id":2228},[150,79927,79928,79933,79939,79943],{},[153,79929,79930],{},[189,79931,79932],{"href":78435},"How to sort a list in Python",[153,79934,79935],{},[189,79936,3894,79937,6109],{"href":74580},[18,79938,74483],{},[153,79940,79941],{},[189,79942,67136],{"href":51034},[153,79944,79945],{},[189,79946,79185],{"href":79184},[2262,79948,79949],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":79951},[79952,79953,79955,79956,79957,79958,79960,79962,79973,79983],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":77992,"depth":70,"text":79954},"What list.sort() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":78247,"depth":70,"text":78248},{"id":78439,"depth":70,"text":78440},{"id":78761,"depth":70,"text":79959},"Using the key argument",{"id":79026,"depth":70,"text":79961},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160,"children":79963},[79964,79966,79967,79969,79971,79972],{"id":79195,"depth":93,"text":79965},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79304,"depth":93,"text":79305},{"id":79356,"depth":93,"text":79968},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79510,"depth":93,"text":79970},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79597,"depth":93,"text":79598},{"id":60767,"depth":93,"text":60768},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":79974},[79975,79977,79979,79980,79981],{"id":79827,"depth":93,"text":79976},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79836,"depth":93,"text":79978},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79851,"depth":93,"text":79852},{"id":79880,"depth":93,"text":79881},{"id":79916,"depth":93,"text":79982},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77914,"description":79984},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79991,"title":79992,"body":79993,"description":82624,"extension":2312,"meta":82625,"navigation":958,"path":82626,"seo":82627,"stem":82628,"__hash__":82629},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79994,"toc":82583},[79995,80000,80005,80008,80019,80022,80042,80044,80106,80108,80149,80158,80163,80168,80174,80185,80187,80206,80209,80214,80219,80221,80226,80240,80242,80260,80263,80280,80283,80289,80312,80317,80319,80322,80383,80385,80418,80420,80459,80467,80477,80483,80488,80581,80583,80607,80609,80627,80630,80661,80667,80672,80675,80677,80802,80804,80828,80830,80849,80855,80861,80980,80982,80999,81006,81012,81017,81024,81030,81032,81089,81092,81113,81116,81119,81180,81182,81215,81219,81289,81291,81308,81312,81315,81390,81392,81429,81432,81435,81506,81508,81569,81574,81579,81582,81596,81598,81671,81673,81693,81696,81699,81756,81818,81821,81853,81856,81871,81876,81878,81884,81887,81943,81946,81948,81967,81971,81973,82017,82026,82028,82088,82092,82095,82097,82190,82192,82307,82311,82313,82387,82390,82393,82395,82400,82465,82467,82491,82501,82503,82509,82518,82527,82536,82542,82545,82549,82552,82554,82580],[10,79996,3894,79998,3898],{"id":79997},"python-map-function-explained",[18,79999,40043],{},[14,80001,3901,80002,80004],{},[18,80003,40043],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[14,80006,80007],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[150,80009,80010,80013,80016],{},[153,80011,80012],{},"converting numbers to strings",[153,80014,80015],{},"changing strings to integers",[153,80017,80018],{},"doubling every value in a list",[14,80020,80021],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[150,80023,80024,80031,80037],{},[153,80025,80026,14375,80028,80030],{},[18,80027,40043],{},[913,80029,734],{}," return a list in Python 3",[153,80032,80033,80034],{},"it returns a ",[913,80035,80036],{},"map object",[153,80038,80039,80040],{},"you often convert that result with ",[18,80041,25105],{},[29,80043,32],{"id":31},[34,80045,80047],{"className":36,"code":80046,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80048,80049,80073,80092],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,80050,80051,80053,80055,80057,80059,80061,80063,80065,80067,80069,80071],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,80052,3937],{"class":207},[43,80054,212],{"class":211},[43,80056,3942],{"class":53},[43,80058,797],{"class":63},[43,80060,800],{"class":53},[43,80062,803],{"class":63},[43,80064,800],{"class":53},[43,80066,808],{"class":63},[43,80068,800],{"class":53},[43,80070,2789],{"class":63},[43,80072,3955],{"class":53},[43,80074,80075,80077,80079,80082,80084,80086,80088,80090],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,80076,1282],{"class":207},[43,80078,212],{"class":211},[43,80080,80081],{"class":49}," map",[43,80083,54],{"class":53},[43,80085,1038],{"class":57},[43,80087,800],{"class":53},[43,80089,4586],{"class":236},[43,80091,227],{"class":53},[43,80093,80094,80096,80098,80100,80102,80104],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,80095,50],{"class":49},[43,80097,54],{"class":53},[43,80099,849],{"class":57},[43,80101,54],{"class":53},[43,80103,1306],{"class":236},[43,80105,67],{"class":53},[14,80107,110],{},[34,80109,80111],{"className":36,"code":80110,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[18,80112,80113],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,80114,80115,80117,80119,80121,80123,80125,80127,80129,80131,80133,80135,80137,80139,80141,80143,80145,80147],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,80116,4221],{"class":53},[43,80118,283],{"class":81},[43,80120,797],{"class":85},[43,80122,283],{"class":81},[43,80124,800],{"class":53},[43,80126,278],{"class":81},[43,80128,447],{"class":85},[43,80130,283],{"class":81},[43,80132,800],{"class":53},[43,80134,278],{"class":81},[43,80136,2409],{"class":85},[43,80138,283],{"class":81},[43,80140,800],{"class":53},[43,80142,278],{"class":81},[43,80144,2835],{"class":85},[43,80146,283],{"class":81},[43,80148,3955],{"class":53},[14,80150,133,80151,80154,80155,80157],{},[18,80152,80153],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[18,80156,25105],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[29,80159,3998,80161,4001],{"id":80160},"what-map-does",[18,80162,40043],{},[14,80164,80165,80167],{},[18,80166,40043],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[14,80169,80170,80171,80173],{},"An ",[913,80172,4042],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[150,80175,80176,80178,80180,80182],{},[153,80177,38227],{},[153,80179,38230],{},[153,80181,38233],{},[153,80183,80184],{},"a range object",[14,80186,31046],{},[34,80188,80190],{"className":36,"code":80189,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"map(function, iterable)\n",[18,80191,80192],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,80193,80194,80196,80198,80200,80202,80204],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,80195,40186],{"class":49},[43,80197,54],{"class":53},[43,80199,38186],{"class":236},[43,80201,800],{"class":53},[43,80203,38191],{"class":236},[43,80205,227],{"class":53},[14,80207,80208],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[14,80210,80211,80212,34064],{},"Important: the result is a ",[913,80213,80036],{},[14,80215,80216,80217,315],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[189,80218,5460],{"href":5459},[29,80220,290],{"id":289},[14,80222,80223,80225],{},[18,80224,40043],{}," needs at least two parts:",[150,80227,80228,80234],{},[153,80229,80230,80233],{},[913,80231,80232],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[153,80235,80236,80239],{},[913,80237,80238],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[14,80241,4027],{},[34,80243,80244],{"className":36,"code":80189,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,80245,80246],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,80247,80248,80250,80252,80254,80256,80258],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,80249,40186],{"class":49},[43,80251,54],{"class":53},[43,80253,38186],{"class":236},[43,80255,800],{"class":53},[43,80257,38191],{"class":236},[43,80259,227],{"class":53},[14,80261,80262],{},"You can pass:",[150,80264,80265,80274,80277],{},[153,80266,80267,80268,2534,80270,2537,80272],{},"built-in functions like ",[18,80269,1038],{},[18,80271,2069],{},[18,80273,2365],{},[153,80275,80276],{},"your own custom function",[153,80278,80279],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[14,80281,80282],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[14,80284,80285,80286,80288],{},"You will often see ",[18,80287,40043],{}," used like this:",[34,80290,80292],{"className":36,"code":80291,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"list(map(function, values))\n",[18,80293,80294],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,80295,80296,80298,80300,80302,80304,80306,80308,80310],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,80297,849],{"class":57},[43,80299,54],{"class":53},[43,80301,40186],{"class":49},[43,80303,54],{"class":53},[43,80305,38186],{"class":236},[43,80307,800],{"class":53},[43,80309,4206],{"class":236},[43,80311,67],{"class":53},[14,80313,7002,80314,80316],{},[18,80315,25105],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[29,80318,11792],{"id":11791},[14,80320,80321],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[34,80323,80325],{"className":36,"code":80324,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80326,80327,80347,80365,80369],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,80328,80329,80331,80333,80335,80337,80339,80341,80343,80345],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,80330,3937],{"class":207},[43,80332,212],{"class":211},[43,80334,3942],{"class":53},[43,80336,512],{"class":63},[43,80338,800],{"class":53},[43,80340,8115],{"class":63},[43,80342,800],{"class":53},[43,80344,8120],{"class":63},[43,80346,3955],{"class":53},[43,80348,80349,80351,80353,80355,80357,80359,80361,80363],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,80350,1282],{"class":207},[43,80352,212],{"class":211},[43,80354,80081],{"class":49},[43,80356,54],{"class":53},[43,80358,1038],{"class":57},[43,80360,800],{"class":53},[43,80362,4586],{"class":236},[43,80364,227],{"class":53},[43,80366,80367],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,80368,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,80370,80371,80373,80375,80377,80379,80381],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,80372,50],{"class":49},[43,80374,54],{"class":53},[43,80376,849],{"class":57},[43,80378,54],{"class":53},[43,80380,1306],{"class":236},[43,80382,67],{"class":53},[14,80384,110],{},[34,80386,80388],{"className":36,"code":80387,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[18,80389,80390],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,80391,80392,80394,80396,80398,80400,80402,80404,80406,80408,80410,80412,80414,80416],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,80393,4221],{"class":53},[43,80395,283],{"class":81},[43,80397,512],{"class":85},[43,80399,283],{"class":81},[43,80401,800],{"class":53},[43,80403,278],{"class":81},[43,80405,16076],{"class":85},[43,80407,283],{"class":81},[43,80409,800],{"class":53},[43,80411,278],{"class":81},[43,80413,37166],{"class":85},[43,80415,283],{"class":81},[43,80417,3955],{"class":53},[14,80419,12001],{},[150,80421,80422,80427,80435,80443,80451],{},[153,80423,80424,80426],{},[18,80425,3969],{}," contains integers",[153,80428,80429,80432,80433],{},[18,80430,80431],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[18,80434,47737],{},[153,80436,80437,2218,80440],{},[18,80438,80439],{},"str(10)",[18,80441,80442],{},"'10'",[153,80444,80445,2218,80448],{},[18,80446,80447],{},"str(20)",[18,80449,80450],{},"'20'",[153,80452,80453,2218,80456],{},[18,80454,80455],{},"str(30)",[18,80457,80458],{},"'30'",[14,80460,53709,80461,80463,80464,80466],{},[18,80462,40043],{}," applies ",[18,80465,47737],{}," one item at a time.",[14,80468,80469,80470,80472,80473,315],{},"If you want to understand ",[18,80471,25105],{}," better, see ",[189,80474,3894,80475,3827],{"href":64906},[18,80476,25105],{},[29,80478,8738,80480,80482],{"id":80479},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[18,80481,40043],{}," with your own function",[14,80484,16036,80485,80487],{},[18,80486,40043],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[34,80489,80491],{"className":36,"code":80490,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80492,80493,80506,80516,80520,80544,80563,80567],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,80494,80495,80497,80500,80502,80504],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,80496,35173],{"class":274},[43,80498,80499],{"class":35176}," double",[43,80501,54],{"class":53},[43,80503,2519],{"class":37988},[43,80505,8662],{"class":53},[43,80507,80508,80510,80512,80514],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,80509,35184],{"class":1927},[43,80511,4200],{"class":207},[43,80513,1137],{"class":211},[43,80515,45642],{"class":63},[43,80517,80518],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,80519,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,80521,80522,80524,80526,80528,80530,80532,80534,80536,80538,80540,80542],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,80523,3937],{"class":207},[43,80525,212],{"class":211},[43,80527,3942],{"class":53},[43,80529,797],{"class":63},[43,80531,800],{"class":53},[43,80533,803],{"class":63},[43,80535,800],{"class":53},[43,80537,808],{"class":63},[43,80539,800],{"class":53},[43,80541,2789],{"class":63},[43,80543,3955],{"class":53},[43,80545,80546,80548,80550,80552,80554,80557,80559,80561],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,80547,1282],{"class":207},[43,80549,212],{"class":211},[43,80551,80081],{"class":49},[43,80553,54],{"class":53},[43,80555,80556],{"class":236},"double",[43,80558,800],{"class":53},[43,80560,4586],{"class":236},[43,80562,227],{"class":53},[43,80564,80565],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,80566,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,80568,80569,80571,80573,80575,80577,80579],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,80570,50],{"class":49},[43,80572,54],{"class":53},[43,80574,849],{"class":57},[43,80576,54],{"class":53},[43,80578,1306],{"class":236},[43,80580,67],{"class":53},[14,80582,110],{},[34,80584,80585],{"className":36,"code":40211,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,80586,80587],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,80588,80589,80591,80593,80595,80597,80599,80601,80603,80605],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,80590,4221],{"class":53},[43,80592,447],{"class":63},[43,80594,800],{"class":53},[43,80596,2789],{"class":63},[43,80598,800],{"class":53},[43,80600,37969],{"class":63},[43,80602,800],{"class":53},[43,80604,6686],{"class":63},[43,80606,3955],{"class":53},[14,80608,65643],{},[150,80610,80611,80618,80624],{},[153,80612,80613,80615,80616],{},[18,80614,40043],{}," takes the function ",[18,80617,80556],{},[153,80619,80620,80621,80623],{},"it sends each item from ",[18,80622,3969],{}," into that function",[153,80625,80626],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[14,80628,80629],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[150,80631,80632,80639,80646,80654],{},[153,80633,80634,6399,80637],{},[18,80635,80636],{},"double(1)",[18,80638,447],{},[153,80640,80641,6399,80644],{},[18,80642,80643],{},"double(2)",[18,80645,2835],{},[153,80647,80648,6399,80651],{},[18,80649,80650],{},"double(3)",[18,80652,80653],{},"6",[153,80655,80656,6399,80659],{},[18,80657,80658],{},"double(4)",[18,80660,2684],{},[29,80662,8738,80664,80666],{"id":80663},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[18,80665,40043],{}," with multiple iterables",[14,80668,80669,80671],{},[18,80670,40043],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[14,80673,80674],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[14,80676,197],{},[34,80678,80680],{"className":36,"code":80679,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80681,80682,80699,80709,80713,80734,80755,80759,80784,80788],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,80683,80684,80686,80689,80691,80693,80695,80697],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,80685,35173],{"class":274},[43,80687,80688],{"class":35176}," add_numbers",[43,80690,54],{"class":53},[43,80692,189],{"class":37988},[43,80694,800],{"class":53},[43,80696,2889],{"class":37988},[43,80698,8662],{"class":53},[43,80700,80701,80703,80705,80707],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,80702,35184],{"class":1927},[43,80704,44597],{"class":207},[43,80706,2406],{"class":211},[43,80708,36506],{"class":207},[43,80710,80711],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,80712,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,80714,80715,80718,80720,80722,80724,80726,80728,80730,80732],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,80716,80717],{"class":207},"list1 ",[43,80719,212],{"class":211},[43,80721,3942],{"class":53},[43,80723,797],{"class":63},[43,80725,800],{"class":53},[43,80727,803],{"class":63},[43,80729,800],{"class":53},[43,80731,808],{"class":63},[43,80733,3955],{"class":53},[43,80735,80736,80739,80741,80743,80745,80747,80749,80751,80753],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,80737,80738],{"class":207},"list2 ",[43,80740,212],{"class":211},[43,80742,3942],{"class":53},[43,80744,512],{"class":63},[43,80746,800],{"class":53},[43,80748,8115],{"class":63},[43,80750,800],{"class":53},[43,80752,8120],{"class":63},[43,80754,3955],{"class":53},[43,80756,80757],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,80758,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,80760,80761,80763,80765,80767,80769,80772,80774,80777,80779,80782],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,80762,1282],{"class":207},[43,80764,212],{"class":211},[43,80766,80081],{"class":49},[43,80768,54],{"class":53},[43,80770,80771],{"class":236},"add_numbers",[43,80773,800],{"class":53},[43,80775,80776],{"class":236}," list1",[43,80778,800],{"class":53},[43,80780,80781],{"class":236}," list2",[43,80783,227],{"class":53},[43,80785,80786],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,80787,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,80789,80790,80792,80794,80796,80798,80800],{"class":45,"line":6756},[43,80791,50],{"class":49},[43,80793,54],{"class":53},[43,80795,849],{"class":57},[43,80797,54],{"class":53},[43,80799,1306],{"class":236},[43,80801,67],{"class":53},[14,80803,110],{},[34,80805,80807],{"className":36,"code":80806,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[18,80808,80809],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,80810,80811,80813,80816,80818,80821,80823,80826],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,80812,4221],{"class":53},[43,80814,80815],{"class":63},"11",[43,80817,800],{"class":53},[43,80819,80820],{"class":63}," 22",[43,80822,800],{"class":53},[43,80824,80825],{"class":63}," 33",[43,80827,3955],{"class":53},[14,80829,2524],{},[150,80831,80832,80838,80844],{},[153,80833,80834,80835],{},"the first values are used together: ",[18,80836,80837],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[153,80839,80840,80841],{},"then ",[18,80842,80843],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[153,80845,80840,80846],{},[18,80847,80848],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[402,80850,80852,80854],{"id":80851},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[18,80853,40043],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[14,80856,80857,80858,80860],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[18,80859,40043],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[34,80862,80864],{"className":36,"code":80863,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80865,80866,80882,80892,80896,80920,80936,80940,80962,80966],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,80867,80868,80870,80872,80874,80876,80878,80880],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,80869,35173],{"class":274},[43,80871,80688],{"class":35176},[43,80873,54],{"class":53},[43,80875,189],{"class":37988},[43,80877,800],{"class":53},[43,80879,2889],{"class":37988},[43,80881,8662],{"class":53},[43,80883,80884,80886,80888,80890],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,80885,35184],{"class":1927},[43,80887,44597],{"class":207},[43,80889,2406],{"class":211},[43,80891,36506],{"class":207},[43,80893,80894],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,80895,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,80897,80898,80900,80902,80904,80906,80908,80910,80912,80914,80916,80918],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,80899,80717],{"class":207},[43,80901,212],{"class":211},[43,80903,3942],{"class":53},[43,80905,797],{"class":63},[43,80907,800],{"class":53},[43,80909,803],{"class":63},[43,80911,800],{"class":53},[43,80913,808],{"class":63},[43,80915,800],{"class":53},[43,80917,2789],{"class":63},[43,80919,3955],{"class":53},[43,80921,80922,80924,80926,80928,80930,80932,80934],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,80923,80738],{"class":207},[43,80925,212],{"class":211},[43,80927,3942],{"class":53},[43,80929,512],{"class":63},[43,80931,800],{"class":53},[43,80933,8115],{"class":63},[43,80935,3955],{"class":53},[43,80937,80938],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,80939,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,80941,80942,80944,80946,80948,80950,80952,80954,80956,80958,80960],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,80943,1282],{"class":207},[43,80945,212],{"class":211},[43,80947,80081],{"class":49},[43,80949,54],{"class":53},[43,80951,80771],{"class":236},[43,80953,800],{"class":53},[43,80955,80776],{"class":236},[43,80957,800],{"class":53},[43,80959,80781],{"class":236},[43,80961,227],{"class":53},[43,80963,80964],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,80965,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,80967,80968,80970,80972,80974,80976,80978],{"class":45,"line":6756},[43,80969,50],{"class":49},[43,80971,54],{"class":53},[43,80973,849],{"class":57},[43,80975,54],{"class":53},[43,80977,1306],{"class":236},[43,80979,67],{"class":53},[14,80981,110],{},[34,80983,80985],{"className":36,"code":80984,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[11, 22]\n",[18,80986,80987],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,80988,80989,80991,80993,80995,80997],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,80990,4221],{"class":53},[43,80992,80815],{"class":63},[43,80994,800],{"class":53},[43,80996,80820],{"class":63},[43,80998,3955],{"class":53},[14,81000,81001,81002,81005],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[18,81003,81004],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[29,81007,81009,81011],{"id":81008},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[18,81010,40043],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[14,81013,38349,81014,81016],{},[18,81015,40043],{}," returns a map object.",[14,81018,81019,81020,81023],{},"This object is ",[913,81021,81022],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[402,81025,2819,81027,81029],{"id":81026},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[18,81028,33349],{}," looks strange",[14,81031,33965],{},[34,81033,81035],{"className":36,"code":81034,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,81036,81037,81057,81075,81079],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81038,81039,81041,81043,81045,81047,81049,81051,81053,81055],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81040,3937],{"class":207},[43,81042,212],{"class":211},[43,81044,3942],{"class":53},[43,81046,797],{"class":63},[43,81048,800],{"class":53},[43,81050,803],{"class":63},[43,81052,800],{"class":53},[43,81054,808],{"class":63},[43,81056,3955],{"class":53},[43,81058,81059,81061,81063,81065,81067,81069,81071,81073],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,81060,1282],{"class":207},[43,81062,212],{"class":211},[43,81064,80081],{"class":49},[43,81066,54],{"class":53},[43,81068,1038],{"class":57},[43,81070,800],{"class":53},[43,81072,4586],{"class":236},[43,81074,227],{"class":53},[43,81076,81077],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,81078,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,81080,81081,81083,81085,81087],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,81082,50],{"class":49},[43,81084,54],{"class":53},[43,81086,1306],{"class":236},[43,81088,227],{"class":53},[14,81090,81091],{},"Output will look something like this:",[34,81093,81095],{"className":36,"code":81094,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[18,81096,81097],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81098,81099,81101,81103,81105,81107,81109,81111],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81100,271],{"class":211},[43,81102,40186],{"class":49},[43,81104,24941],{"class":57},[43,81106,37689],{"class":207},[43,81108,37693],{"class":37692},[43,81110,37696],{"class":34776},[43,81112,286],{"class":211},[14,81114,81115],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[14,81117,81118],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[34,81120,81122],{"className":36,"code":81121,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,81123,81124,81144,81162,81166],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81125,81126,81128,81130,81132,81134,81136,81138,81140,81142],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81127,3937],{"class":207},[43,81129,212],{"class":211},[43,81131,3942],{"class":53},[43,81133,797],{"class":63},[43,81135,800],{"class":53},[43,81137,803],{"class":63},[43,81139,800],{"class":53},[43,81141,808],{"class":63},[43,81143,3955],{"class":53},[43,81145,81146,81148,81150,81152,81154,81156,81158,81160],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,81147,1282],{"class":207},[43,81149,212],{"class":211},[43,81151,80081],{"class":49},[43,81153,54],{"class":53},[43,81155,1038],{"class":57},[43,81157,800],{"class":53},[43,81159,4586],{"class":236},[43,81161,227],{"class":53},[43,81163,81164],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,81165,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,81167,81168,81170,81172,81174,81176,81178],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,81169,50],{"class":49},[43,81171,54],{"class":53},[43,81173,849],{"class":57},[43,81175,54],{"class":53},[43,81177,1306],{"class":236},[43,81179,67],{"class":53},[14,81181,110],{},[34,81183,81185],{"className":36,"code":81184,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[18,81186,81187],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81188,81189,81191,81193,81195,81197,81199,81201,81203,81205,81207,81209,81211,81213],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81190,4221],{"class":53},[43,81192,283],{"class":81},[43,81194,797],{"class":85},[43,81196,283],{"class":81},[43,81198,800],{"class":53},[43,81200,278],{"class":81},[43,81202,447],{"class":85},[43,81204,283],{"class":81},[43,81206,800],{"class":53},[43,81208,278],{"class":81},[43,81210,2409],{"class":85},[43,81212,283],{"class":81},[43,81214,3955],{"class":53},[402,81216,81218],{"id":81217},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[34,81220,81222],{"className":36,"code":81221,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[18,81223,81224,81244,81262,81266,81279],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81225,81226,81228,81230,81232,81234,81236,81238,81240,81242],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81227,3937],{"class":207},[43,81229,212],{"class":211},[43,81231,3942],{"class":53},[43,81233,797],{"class":63},[43,81235,800],{"class":53},[43,81237,803],{"class":63},[43,81239,800],{"class":53},[43,81241,808],{"class":63},[43,81243,3955],{"class":53},[43,81245,81246,81248,81250,81252,81254,81256,81258,81260],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,81247,1282],{"class":207},[43,81249,212],{"class":211},[43,81251,80081],{"class":49},[43,81253,54],{"class":53},[43,81255,1038],{"class":57},[43,81257,800],{"class":53},[43,81259,4586],{"class":236},[43,81261,227],{"class":53},[43,81263,81264],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,81265,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,81267,81268,81270,81272,81274,81277],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,81269,6284],{"class":1927},[43,81271,6287],{"class":207},[43,81273,4203],{"class":1927},[43,81275,81276],{"class":207}," result",[43,81278,1931],{"class":53},[43,81280,81281,81283,81285,81287],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,81282,1951],{"class":49},[43,81284,54],{"class":53},[43,81286,23634],{"class":236},[43,81288,227],{"class":53},[14,81290,110],{},[34,81292,81294],{"className":36,"code":81293,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"1\n2\n3\n",[18,81295,81296,81300,81304],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81297,81298],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81299,46970],{"class":63},[43,81301,81302],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,81303,17379],{"class":63},[43,81305,81306],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,81307,46670],{"class":63},[402,81309,81311],{"id":81310},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[14,81313,81314],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[34,81316,81318],{"className":36,"code":81317,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,81319,81320,81340,81358,81362,81376],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81321,81322,81324,81326,81328,81330,81332,81334,81336,81338],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81323,3937],{"class":207},[43,81325,212],{"class":211},[43,81327,3942],{"class":53},[43,81329,797],{"class":63},[43,81331,800],{"class":53},[43,81333,803],{"class":63},[43,81335,800],{"class":53},[43,81337,808],{"class":63},[43,81339,3955],{"class":53},[43,81341,81342,81344,81346,81348,81350,81352,81354,81356],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,81343,1282],{"class":207},[43,81345,212],{"class":211},[43,81347,80081],{"class":49},[43,81349,54],{"class":53},[43,81351,1038],{"class":57},[43,81353,800],{"class":53},[43,81355,4586],{"class":236},[43,81357,227],{"class":53},[43,81359,81360],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,81361,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,81363,81364,81366,81368,81370,81372,81374],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,81365,50],{"class":49},[43,81367,54],{"class":53},[43,81369,849],{"class":57},[43,81371,54],{"class":53},[43,81373,1306],{"class":236},[43,81375,67],{"class":53},[43,81377,81378,81380,81382,81384,81386,81388],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,81379,50],{"class":49},[43,81381,54],{"class":53},[43,81383,849],{"class":57},[43,81385,54],{"class":53},[43,81387,1306],{"class":236},[43,81389,67],{"class":53},[14,81391,110],{},[34,81393,81395],{"className":36,"code":81394,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[18,81396,81397,81425],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81398,81399,81401,81403,81405,81407,81409,81411,81413,81415,81417,81419,81421,81423],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81400,4221],{"class":53},[43,81402,283],{"class":81},[43,81404,797],{"class":85},[43,81406,283],{"class":81},[43,81408,800],{"class":53},[43,81410,278],{"class":81},[43,81412,447],{"class":85},[43,81414,283],{"class":81},[43,81416,800],{"class":53},[43,81418,278],{"class":81},[43,81420,2409],{"class":85},[43,81422,283],{"class":81},[43,81424,3955],{"class":53},[43,81426,81427],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,81428,38623],{"class":53},[14,81430,81431],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[14,81433,81434],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[34,81436,81438],{"className":36,"code":81437,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[18,81439,81440,81460,81482,81486,81496],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81441,81442,81444,81446,81448,81450,81452,81454,81456,81458],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81443,3937],{"class":207},[43,81445,212],{"class":211},[43,81447,3942],{"class":53},[43,81449,797],{"class":63},[43,81451,800],{"class":53},[43,81453,803],{"class":63},[43,81455,800],{"class":53},[43,81457,808],{"class":63},[43,81459,3955],{"class":53},[43,81461,81462,81464,81466,81468,81470,81472,81474,81476,81478,81480],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,81463,1282],{"class":207},[43,81465,212],{"class":211},[43,81467,22883],{"class":57},[43,81469,54],{"class":53},[43,81471,40186],{"class":49},[43,81473,54],{"class":53},[43,81475,1038],{"class":57},[43,81477,800],{"class":53},[43,81479,4586],{"class":236},[43,81481,67],{"class":53},[43,81483,81484],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,81485,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,81487,81488,81490,81492,81494],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,81489,50],{"class":49},[43,81491,54],{"class":53},[43,81493,1306],{"class":236},[43,81495,227],{"class":53},[43,81497,81498,81500,81502,81504],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,81499,50],{"class":49},[43,81501,54],{"class":53},[43,81503,1306],{"class":236},[43,81505,227],{"class":53},[14,81507,110],{},[34,81509,81511],{"className":36,"code":81510,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[18,81512,81513,81541],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81514,81515,81517,81519,81521,81523,81525,81527,81529,81531,81533,81535,81537,81539],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81516,4221],{"class":53},[43,81518,283],{"class":81},[43,81520,797],{"class":85},[43,81522,283],{"class":81},[43,81524,800],{"class":53},[43,81526,278],{"class":81},[43,81528,447],{"class":85},[43,81530,283],{"class":81},[43,81532,800],{"class":53},[43,81534,278],{"class":81},[43,81536,2409],{"class":85},[43,81538,283],{"class":81},[43,81540,3955],{"class":53},[43,81542,81543,81545,81547,81549,81551,81553,81555,81557,81559,81561,81563,81565,81567],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,81544,4221],{"class":53},[43,81546,283],{"class":81},[43,81548,797],{"class":85},[43,81550,283],{"class":81},[43,81552,800],{"class":53},[43,81554,278],{"class":81},[43,81556,447],{"class":85},[43,81558,283],{"class":81},[43,81560,800],{"class":53},[43,81562,278],{"class":81},[43,81564,2409],{"class":85},[43,81566,283],{"class":81},[43,81568,3955],{"class":53},[29,81570,5284,81572],{"id":81571},"when-to-use-map",[18,81573,40043],{},[14,81575,81576,81578],{},[18,81577,40043],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[14,81580,81581],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[150,81583,81584,81588,81592],{},[153,81585,81586],{},[18,81587,1038],{},[153,81589,81590],{},[18,81591,2069],{},[153,81593,81594],{},[18,81595,2365],{},[14,81597,197],{},[34,81599,81601],{"className":36,"code":81600,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,81602,81603,81635,81657,81661],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81604,81605,81607,81609,81611,81613,81615,81617,81619,81621,81623,81625,81627,81629,81631,81633],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81606,4144],{"class":207},[43,81608,212],{"class":211},[43,81610,3942],{"class":53},[43,81612,283],{"class":81},[43,81614,797],{"class":85},[43,81616,283],{"class":81},[43,81618,800],{"class":53},[43,81620,278],{"class":81},[43,81622,447],{"class":85},[43,81624,283],{"class":81},[43,81626,800],{"class":53},[43,81628,278],{"class":81},[43,81630,2409],{"class":85},[43,81632,283],{"class":81},[43,81634,3955],{"class":53},[43,81636,81637,81639,81641,81643,81645,81647,81649,81651,81653,81655],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,81638,3937],{"class":207},[43,81640,212],{"class":211},[43,81642,22883],{"class":57},[43,81644,54],{"class":53},[43,81646,40186],{"class":49},[43,81648,54],{"class":53},[43,81650,2069],{"class":57},[43,81652,800],{"class":53},[43,81654,4206],{"class":236},[43,81656,67],{"class":53},[43,81658,81659],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,81660,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,81662,81663,81665,81667,81669],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,81664,50],{"class":49},[43,81666,54],{"class":53},[43,81668,3969],{"class":236},[43,81670,227],{"class":53},[14,81672,110],{},[34,81674,81675],{"className":36,"code":55206,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,81676,81677],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81678,81679,81681,81683,81685,81687,81689,81691],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81680,4221],{"class":53},[43,81682,797],{"class":63},[43,81684,800],{"class":53},[43,81686,803],{"class":63},[43,81688,800],{"class":53},[43,81690,808],{"class":63},[43,81692,3955],{"class":53},[14,81694,81695],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[14,81697,81698],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[34,81700,81702],{"className":36,"code":81701,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[18,81703,81704,81724,81746],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81705,81706,81708,81710,81712,81714,81716,81718,81720,81722],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81707,3937],{"class":207},[43,81709,212],{"class":211},[43,81711,3942],{"class":53},[43,81713,797],{"class":63},[43,81715,800],{"class":53},[43,81717,803],{"class":63},[43,81719,800],{"class":53},[43,81721,808],{"class":63},[43,81723,3955],{"class":53},[43,81725,81726,81728,81730,81732,81734,81736,81738,81740,81742,81744],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,81727,1282],{"class":207},[43,81729,212],{"class":211},[43,81731,22883],{"class":57},[43,81733,54],{"class":53},[43,81735,40186],{"class":49},[43,81737,54],{"class":53},[43,81739,1038],{"class":57},[43,81741,800],{"class":53},[43,81743,4586],{"class":236},[43,81745,67],{"class":53},[43,81747,81748,81750,81752,81754],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,81749,50],{"class":49},[43,81751,54],{"class":53},[43,81753,1306],{"class":236},[43,81755,227],{"class":53},[34,81757,81759],{"className":36,"code":81758,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[18,81760,81761,81781,81808],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81762,81763,81765,81767,81769,81771,81773,81775,81777,81779],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81764,3937],{"class":207},[43,81766,212],{"class":211},[43,81768,3942],{"class":53},[43,81770,797],{"class":63},[43,81772,800],{"class":53},[43,81774,803],{"class":63},[43,81776,800],{"class":53},[43,81778,808],{"class":63},[43,81780,3955],{"class":53},[43,81782,81783,81785,81787,81789,81791,81793,81795,81797,81799,81802,81804,81806],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,81784,1282],{"class":207},[43,81786,212],{"class":211},[43,81788,3942],{"class":53},[43,81790,1038],{"class":57},[43,81792,54],{"class":53},[43,81794,76089],{"class":236},[43,81796,1221],{"class":53},[43,81798,4197],{"class":1927},[43,81800,81801],{"class":207}," n ",[43,81803,4203],{"class":1927},[43,81805,4586],{"class":207},[43,81807,3955],{"class":53},[43,81809,81810,81812,81814,81816],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,81811,50],{"class":49},[43,81813,54],{"class":53},[43,81815,1306],{"class":236},[43,81817,227],{"class":53},[14,81819,81820],{},"Both produce:",[34,81822,81823],{"className":36,"code":81184,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,81824,81825],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81826,81827,81829,81831,81833,81835,81837,81839,81841,81843,81845,81847,81849,81851],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81828,4221],{"class":53},[43,81830,283],{"class":81},[43,81832,797],{"class":85},[43,81834,283],{"class":81},[43,81836,800],{"class":53},[43,81838,278],{"class":81},[43,81840,447],{"class":85},[43,81842,283],{"class":81},[43,81844,800],{"class":53},[43,81846,278],{"class":81},[43,81848,2409],{"class":85},[43,81850,283],{"class":81},[43,81852,3955],{"class":53},[14,81854,81855],{},"A simple rule:",[150,81857,81858,81863,81868],{},[153,81859,40316,81860,81862],{},[18,81861,40043],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[153,81864,40322,81865,81867],{},[18,81866,6284],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[153,81869,81870],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[14,81872,81873,81874,315],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[189,81875,4716],{"href":4715},[29,81877,4842],{"id":4841},[402,81879,81881,81882],{"id":81880},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[18,81883,25105],{},[14,81885,81886],{},"This is very common:",[34,81888,81889],{"className":36,"code":81034,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,81890,81891,81911,81929,81933],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81892,81893,81895,81897,81899,81901,81903,81905,81907,81909],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81894,3937],{"class":207},[43,81896,212],{"class":211},[43,81898,3942],{"class":53},[43,81900,797],{"class":63},[43,81902,800],{"class":53},[43,81904,803],{"class":63},[43,81906,800],{"class":53},[43,81908,808],{"class":63},[43,81910,3955],{"class":53},[43,81912,81913,81915,81917,81919,81921,81923,81925,81927],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,81914,1282],{"class":207},[43,81916,212],{"class":211},[43,81918,80081],{"class":49},[43,81920,54],{"class":53},[43,81922,1038],{"class":57},[43,81924,800],{"class":53},[43,81926,4586],{"class":236},[43,81928,227],{"class":53},[43,81930,81931],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,81932,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,81934,81935,81937,81939,81941],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,81936,50],{"class":49},[43,81938,54],{"class":53},[43,81940,1306],{"class":236},[43,81942,227],{"class":53},[14,81944,81945],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[14,81947,39588],{},[34,81949,81951],{"className":36,"code":81950,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(list(result))\n",[18,81952,81953],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81954,81955,81957,81959,81961,81963,81965],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81956,50],{"class":49},[43,81958,54],{"class":53},[43,81960,849],{"class":57},[43,81962,54],{"class":53},[43,81964,1306],{"class":236},[43,81966,67],{"class":53},[402,81968,81970],{"id":81969},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[14,81972,16966],{},[34,81974,81976],{"className":36,"code":81975,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[18,81977,81978,81998],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,81979,81980,81982,81984,81986,81988,81990,81992,81994,81996],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,81981,3937],{"class":207},[43,81983,212],{"class":211},[43,81985,3942],{"class":53},[43,81987,797],{"class":63},[43,81989,800],{"class":53},[43,81991,803],{"class":63},[43,81993,800],{"class":53},[43,81995,808],{"class":63},[43,81997,3955],{"class":53},[43,81999,82000,82002,82004,82006,82008,82010,82013,82015],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,82001,1282],{"class":207},[43,82003,212],{"class":211},[43,82005,80081],{"class":49},[43,82007,54],{"class":53},[43,82009,1038],{"class":57},[43,82011,82012],{"class":53},"(),",[43,82014,4586],{"class":236},[43,82016,227],{"class":53},[14,82018,82019,82020,82022,82023,82025],{},"This is wrong because ",[18,82021,47737],{}," is being called immediately. ",[18,82024,40043],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[14,82027,16978],{},[34,82029,82030],{"className":36,"code":81121,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,82031,82032,82052,82070,82074],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,82033,82034,82036,82038,82040,82042,82044,82046,82048,82050],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,82035,3937],{"class":207},[43,82037,212],{"class":211},[43,82039,3942],{"class":53},[43,82041,797],{"class":63},[43,82043,800],{"class":53},[43,82045,803],{"class":63},[43,82047,800],{"class":53},[43,82049,808],{"class":63},[43,82051,3955],{"class":53},[43,82053,82054,82056,82058,82060,82062,82064,82066,82068],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,82055,1282],{"class":207},[43,82057,212],{"class":211},[43,82059,80081],{"class":49},[43,82061,54],{"class":53},[43,82063,1038],{"class":57},[43,82065,800],{"class":53},[43,82067,4586],{"class":236},[43,82069,227],{"class":53},[43,82071,82072],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,82073,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,82075,82076,82078,82080,82082,82084,82086],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,82077,50],{"class":49},[43,82079,54],{"class":53},[43,82081,849],{"class":57},[43,82083,54],{"class":53},[43,82085,1306],{"class":236},[43,82087,67],{"class":53},[402,82089,82091],{"id":82090},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[14,82093,82094],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[14,82096,16966],{},[34,82098,82100],{"className":36,"code":82099,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,82101,82102,82119,82129,82133,82153,82172,82176],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,82103,82104,82106,82109,82111,82113,82115,82117],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,82105,35173],{"class":274},[43,82107,82108],{"class":35176}," add",[43,82110,54],{"class":53},[43,82112,189],{"class":37988},[43,82114,800],{"class":53},[43,82116,2889],{"class":37988},[43,82118,8662],{"class":53},[43,82120,82121,82123,82125,82127],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,82122,35184],{"class":1927},[43,82124,44597],{"class":207},[43,82126,2406],{"class":211},[43,82128,36506],{"class":207},[43,82130,82131],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,82132,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,82134,82135,82137,82139,82141,82143,82145,82147,82149,82151],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,82136,3937],{"class":207},[43,82138,212],{"class":211},[43,82140,3942],{"class":53},[43,82142,797],{"class":63},[43,82144,800],{"class":53},[43,82146,803],{"class":63},[43,82148,800],{"class":53},[43,82150,808],{"class":63},[43,82152,3955],{"class":53},[43,82154,82155,82157,82159,82161,82163,82166,82168,82170],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,82156,1282],{"class":207},[43,82158,212],{"class":211},[43,82160,80081],{"class":49},[43,82162,54],{"class":53},[43,82164,82165],{"class":236},"add",[43,82167,800],{"class":53},[43,82169,4586],{"class":236},[43,82171,227],{"class":53},[43,82173,82174],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,82175,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,82177,82178,82180,82182,82184,82186,82188],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,82179,50],{"class":49},[43,82181,54],{"class":53},[43,82183,849],{"class":57},[43,82185,54],{"class":53},[43,82187,1306],{"class":236},[43,82189,67],{"class":53},[14,82191,16978],{},[34,82193,82195],{"className":36,"code":82194,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,82196,82197,82213,82223,82227,82247,82267,82289,82293],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,82198,82199,82201,82203,82205,82207,82209,82211],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,82200,35173],{"class":274},[43,82202,82108],{"class":35176},[43,82204,54],{"class":53},[43,82206,189],{"class":37988},[43,82208,800],{"class":53},[43,82210,2889],{"class":37988},[43,82212,8662],{"class":53},[43,82214,82215,82217,82219,82221],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,82216,35184],{"class":1927},[43,82218,44597],{"class":207},[43,82220,2406],{"class":211},[43,82222,36506],{"class":207},[43,82224,82225],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,82226,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,82228,82229,82231,82233,82235,82237,82239,82241,82243,82245],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,82230,80717],{"class":207},[43,82232,212],{"class":211},[43,82234,3942],{"class":53},[43,82236,797],{"class":63},[43,82238,800],{"class":53},[43,82240,803],{"class":63},[43,82242,800],{"class":53},[43,82244,808],{"class":63},[43,82246,3955],{"class":53},[43,82248,82249,82251,82253,82255,82257,82259,82261,82263,82265],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,82250,80738],{"class":207},[43,82252,212],{"class":211},[43,82254,3942],{"class":53},[43,82256,512],{"class":63},[43,82258,800],{"class":53},[43,82260,8115],{"class":63},[43,82262,800],{"class":53},[43,82264,8120],{"class":63},[43,82266,3955],{"class":53},[43,82268,82269,82271,82273,82275,82277,82279,82281,82283,82285,82287],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,82270,1282],{"class":207},[43,82272,212],{"class":211},[43,82274,80081],{"class":49},[43,82276,54],{"class":53},[43,82278,82165],{"class":236},[43,82280,800],{"class":53},[43,82282,80776],{"class":236},[43,82284,800],{"class":53},[43,82286,80781],{"class":236},[43,82288,227],{"class":53},[43,82290,82291],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,82292,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,82294,82295,82297,82299,82301,82303,82305],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,82296,50],{"class":49},[43,82298,54],{"class":53},[43,82300,849],{"class":57},[43,82302,54],{"class":53},[43,82304,1306],{"class":236},[43,82306,67],{"class":53},[402,82308,82310],{"id":82309},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[14,82312,16966],{},[34,82314,82315],{"className":36,"code":81317,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,82316,82317,82337,82355,82359,82373],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,82318,82319,82321,82323,82325,82327,82329,82331,82333,82335],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,82320,3937],{"class":207},[43,82322,212],{"class":211},[43,82324,3942],{"class":53},[43,82326,797],{"class":63},[43,82328,800],{"class":53},[43,82330,803],{"class":63},[43,82332,800],{"class":53},[43,82334,808],{"class":63},[43,82336,3955],{"class":53},[43,82338,82339,82341,82343,82345,82347,82349,82351,82353],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,82340,1282],{"class":207},[43,82342,212],{"class":211},[43,82344,80081],{"class":49},[43,82346,54],{"class":53},[43,82348,1038],{"class":57},[43,82350,800],{"class":53},[43,82352,4586],{"class":236},[43,82354,227],{"class":53},[43,82356,82357],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,82358,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,82360,82361,82363,82365,82367,82369,82371],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,82362,50],{"class":49},[43,82364,54],{"class":53},[43,82366,849],{"class":57},[43,82368,54],{"class":53},[43,82370,1306],{"class":236},[43,82372,67],{"class":53},[43,82374,82375,82377,82379,82381,82383,82385],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,82376,50],{"class":49},[43,82378,54],{"class":53},[43,82380,849],{"class":57},[43,82382,54],{"class":53},[43,82384,1306],{"class":236},[43,82386,67],{"class":53},[14,82388,82389],{},"The second result is empty.",[14,82391,82392],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[29,82394,67954],{"id":67953},[14,82396,9194,82397,82399],{},[18,82398,40043],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[34,82401,82403],{"className":36,"code":82402,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[18,82404,82405,82415,82429,82443,82455],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,82406,82407,82409,82411,82413],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,82408,50],{"class":49},[43,82410,54],{"class":53},[43,82412,1306],{"class":236},[43,82414,227],{"class":53},[43,82416,82417,82419,82421,82423,82425,82427],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,82418,50],{"class":49},[43,82420,54],{"class":53},[43,82422,849],{"class":57},[43,82424,54],{"class":53},[43,82426,1306],{"class":236},[43,82428,67],{"class":53},[43,82430,82431,82433,82435,82437,82439,82441],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,82432,50],{"class":49},[43,82434,54],{"class":53},[43,82436,248],{"class":57},[43,82438,54],{"class":53},[43,82440,1306],{"class":236},[43,82442,67],{"class":53},[43,82444,82445,82447,82449,82451,82453],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,82446,6284],{"class":1927},[43,82448,6287],{"class":207},[43,82450,4203],{"class":1927},[43,82452,81276],{"class":207},[43,82454,1931],{"class":53},[43,82456,82457,82459,82461,82463],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,82458,1951],{"class":49},[43,82460,54],{"class":53},[43,82462,23634],{"class":236},[43,82464,227],{"class":53},[14,82466,12991],{},[150,82468,82469,82474,82479,82485],{},[153,82470,82471,82473],{},[18,82472,33349],{}," shows that you have a map object",[153,82475,82476,82478],{},[18,82477,33357],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[153,82480,82481,82484],{},[18,82482,82483],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[153,82486,82487,82488,82490],{},"looping over ",[18,82489,1306],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[14,82492,82493,82494,82497,82498,82500],{},"Be careful: ",[18,82495,82496],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[18,82499,6284],{}," loop consume the map object.",[29,82502,2162],{"id":2161},[402,82504,13023,82506,82508],{"id":82505},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[18,82507,40043],{}," return a list in Python?",[14,82510,82511,82512,82514,82515,24262],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[18,82513,40043],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[18,82516,82517],{},"list(map(...))",[402,82519,15225,82521,82523,82524,82526],{"id":82520},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[18,82522,40043],{}," better than a ",[18,82525,6284],{}," loop?",[14,82528,82529,82530,82532,82533,82535],{},"Not always. ",[18,82531,40043],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[18,82534,6284],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[402,82537,5493,82539,82541],{"id":82538},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[18,82540,40043],{}," use more than one list?",[14,82543,82544],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[402,82546,82548],{"id":82547},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[14,82550,82551],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[29,82553,2229],{"id":2228},[150,82555,82556,82562,82568,82572,82576],{},[153,82557,82558],{},[189,82559,3894,82560,3827],{"href":40411},[18,82561,37901],{},[153,82563,82564],{},[189,82565,3894,82566,3827],{"href":64906},[18,82567,25105],{},[153,82569,82570],{},[189,82571,5545],{"href":5455},[153,82573,82574],{},[189,82575,5550],{"href":4715},[153,82577,82578],{},[189,82579,5540],{"href":5459},[2262,82581,82582],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":82584},[82585,82586,82588,82589,82590,82592,82597,82604,82606,82613,82614,82623],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":80160,"depth":70,"text":82587},"What map() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":11791,"depth":70,"text":11792},{"id":80479,"depth":70,"text":82591},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80663,"depth":70,"text":82593,"children":82594},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82595],{"id":80851,"depth":93,"text":82596},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81008,"depth":70,"text":82598,"children":82599},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82600,82602,82603],{"id":81026,"depth":93,"text":82601},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81217,"depth":93,"text":81218},{"id":81310,"depth":93,"text":81311},{"id":81571,"depth":70,"text":82605},"When to use map()",{"id":4841,"depth":70,"text":4842,"children":82607},[82608,82610,82611,82612],{"id":81880,"depth":93,"text":82609},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81969,"depth":93,"text":81970},{"id":82090,"depth":93,"text":82091},{"id":82309,"depth":93,"text":82310},{"id":67953,"depth":70,"text":67954},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":82615},[82616,82618,82620,82622],{"id":82505,"depth":93,"text":82617},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82520,"depth":93,"text":82619},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82538,"depth":93,"text":82621},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82547,"depth":93,"text":82548},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79992,"description":82624},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82631,"title":82632,"body":82633,"description":84653,"extension":2312,"meta":84654,"navigation":958,"path":84655,"seo":84656,"stem":84657,"__hash__":84658},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82634,"toc":84611},[82635,82641,82646,82649,82657,82660,82662,82786,82788,82806,82808,82828,82833,82837,82851,82854,82857,82859,82864,82976,82979,82997,83003,83006,83068,83070,83079,83082,83096,83098,83146,83148,83157,83167,83173,83176,83203,83205,83213,83216,83219,83289,83291,83299,83302,83307,83312,83363,83365,83373,83376,83378,83395,83397,83449,83452,83458,83462,83467,83470,83474,83533,83535,83544,83550,83559,83563,83626,83628,83636,83641,83645,83650,83730,83732,83741,83748,83753,83758,83761,83796,83798,83806,83809,83815,83817,83867,83869,83878,83881,83899,83901,83906,83912,83919,83946,83948,83971,83976,84011,84016,84022,84027,84070,84073,84076,84115,84122,84128,84133,84148,84152,84159,84162,84166,84171,84175,84180,84182,84243,84245,84274,84279,84286,84295,84297,84300,84325,84327,84430,84433,84451,84460,84462,84467,84470,84476,84479,84481,84491,84497,84501,84559,84566,84574,84576,84608],[10,82636,3894,82638,3898],{"id":82637},"python-max-function-explained",[18,82639,82640],{},"max()",[14,82642,16,82643,82645],{},[18,82644,82640],{}," function returns the largest item.",[14,82647,82648],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[150,82650,82651,82654],{},[153,82652,82653],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[153,82655,82656],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[14,82658,82659],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[29,82661,32],{"id":31},[34,82663,82665],{"className":36,"code":82664,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,82666,82667,82691,82706,82710,82736,82740,82772],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,82668,82669,82671,82673,82675,82677,82679,82681,82683,82685,82687,82689],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,82670,3937],{"class":207},[43,82672,212],{"class":211},[43,82674,3942],{"class":53},[43,82676,2409],{"class":63},[43,82678,800],{"class":53},[43,82680,6686],{"class":63},[43,82682,800],{"class":53},[43,82684,803],{"class":63},[43,82686,800],{"class":53},[43,82688,4929],{"class":63},[43,82690,3955],{"class":53},[43,82692,82693,82695,82697,82700,82702,82704],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,82694,50],{"class":49},[43,82696,54],{"class":53},[43,82698,82699],{"class":49},"max",[43,82701,54],{"class":53},[43,82703,3969],{"class":236},[43,82705,67],{"class":53},[43,82707,82708],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,82709,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,82711,82712,82714,82716,82718,82720,82722,82724,82726,82728,82730,82732,82734],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,82713,50],{"class":49},[43,82715,54],{"class":53},[43,82717,82699],{"class":49},[43,82719,54],{"class":53},[43,82721,2409],{"class":63},[43,82723,800],{"class":53},[43,82725,6686],{"class":63},[43,82727,800],{"class":53},[43,82729,803],{"class":63},[43,82731,800],{"class":53},[43,82733,4929],{"class":63},[43,82735,67],{"class":53},[43,82737,82738],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,82739,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,82741,82742,82744,82746,82748,82750,82752,82754,82756,82758,82760,82762,82764,82766,82768,82770],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,82743,4392],{"class":207},[43,82745,212],{"class":211},[43,82747,3942],{"class":53},[43,82749,82],{"class":81},[43,82751,4401],{"class":85},[43,82753,82],{"class":81},[43,82755,800],{"class":53},[43,82757,932],{"class":81},[43,82759,4410],{"class":85},[43,82761,82],{"class":81},[43,82763,800],{"class":53},[43,82765,932],{"class":81},[43,82767,78803],{"class":85},[43,82769,82],{"class":81},[43,82771,3955],{"class":53},[43,82773,82774,82776,82778,82780,82782,82784],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,82775,50],{"class":49},[43,82777,54],{"class":53},[43,82779,82699],{"class":49},[43,82781,54],{"class":53},[43,82783,4436],{"class":236},[43,82785,67],{"class":53},[14,82787,110],{},[34,82789,82791],{"className":36,"code":82790,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"8\n8\npear\n",[18,82792,82793,82797,82801],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,82794,82795],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,82796,2718],{"class":63},[43,82798,82799],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,82800,2718],{"class":63},[43,82802,82803],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,82804,82805],{"class":207},"pear\n",[14,82807,20280],{},[150,82809,82810,82816,82822],{},[153,82811,82812,82815],{},[18,82813,82814],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[153,82817,82818,82821],{},[18,82819,82820],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[153,82823,82824,82827],{},[18,82825,82826],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[29,82829,3998,82831,4001],{"id":82830},"what-max-does",[18,82832,82640],{},[14,82834,82835,325],{},[18,82836,82640],{},[150,82838,82839,82842,82845,82848],{},[153,82840,82841],{},"Returns the largest item",[153,82843,82844],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[153,82846,82847],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[153,82849,82850],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[14,82852,82853],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[14,82855,82856],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[29,82858,290],{"id":289},[14,82860,82861,82862,325],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[18,82863,82640],{},[34,82865,82867],{"className":36,"code":82866,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[18,82868,82869,82879,82903,82925,82948],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,82870,82871,82873,82875,82877],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,82872,82699],{"class":49},[43,82874,54],{"class":53},[43,82876,4042],{"class":236},[43,82878,227],{"class":53},[43,82880,82881,82883,82885,82887,82889,82892,82894,82896,82898,82901],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,82882,82699],{"class":49},[43,82884,54],{"class":53},[43,82886,4042],{"class":236},[43,82888,800],{"class":53},[43,82890,82891],{"class":211}," *",[43,82893,800],{"class":53},[43,82895,21902],{"class":9491},[43,82897,212],{"class":211},[43,82899,82900],{"class":236},"func",[43,82902,227],{"class":53},[43,82904,82905,82907,82909,82911,82913,82915,82917,82919,82921,82923],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,82906,82699],{"class":49},[43,82908,54],{"class":53},[43,82910,4042],{"class":236},[43,82912,800],{"class":53},[43,82914,82891],{"class":211},[43,82916,800],{"class":53},[43,82918,26847],{"class":9491},[43,82920,212],{"class":211},[43,82922,307],{"class":236},[43,82924,227],{"class":53},[43,82926,82927,82929,82931,82934,82936,82939,82941,82943,82946],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,82928,82699],{"class":49},[43,82930,54],{"class":53},[43,82932,82933],{"class":236},"arg1",[43,82935,800],{"class":53},[43,82937,82938],{"class":236}," arg2",[43,82940,800],{"class":53},[43,82942,82891],{"class":211},[43,82944,82945],{"class":236},"args",[43,82947,227],{"class":53},[43,82949,82950,82952,82954,82956,82958,82960,82962,82964,82966,82968,82970,82972,82974],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,82951,82699],{"class":49},[43,82953,54],{"class":53},[43,82955,82933],{"class":236},[43,82957,800],{"class":53},[43,82959,82938],{"class":236},[43,82961,800],{"class":53},[43,82963,82891],{"class":211},[43,82965,82945],{"class":236},[43,82967,800],{"class":53},[43,82969,21902],{"class":9491},[43,82971,212],{"class":211},[43,82973,82900],{"class":236},[43,82975,227],{"class":53},[14,82977,82978],{},"The most important parts are:",[150,82980,82981,82986,82991],{},[153,82982,82983,82985],{},[18,82984,4042],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[153,82987,82988,82990],{},[18,82989,15163],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[153,82992,82993,82996],{},[18,82994,82995],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[29,82998,8738,83000,83002],{"id":82999},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[18,83001,82640],{}," with a list of numbers",[14,83004,83005],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[34,83007,83009],{"className":36,"code":83008,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[18,83010,83011,83037,83053,83057],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83012,83013,83015,83017,83019,83022,83024,83026,83028,83030,83032,83035],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83014,5387],{"class":207},[43,83016,212],{"class":211},[43,83018,3942],{"class":53},[43,83020,83021],{"class":63},"72",[43,83023,800],{"class":53},[43,83025,51565],{"class":63},[43,83027,800],{"class":53},[43,83029,13828],{"class":63},[43,83031,800],{"class":53},[43,83033,83034],{"class":63}," 66",[43,83036,3955],{"class":53},[43,83038,83039,83042,83044,83047,83049,83051],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,83040,83041],{"class":207},"highest_score ",[43,83043,212],{"class":211},[43,83045,83046],{"class":49}," max",[43,83048,54],{"class":53},[43,83050,16711],{"class":236},[43,83052,227],{"class":53},[43,83054,83055],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,83056,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,83058,83059,83061,83063,83066],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,83060,50],{"class":49},[43,83062,54],{"class":53},[43,83064,83065],{"class":236},"highest_score",[43,83067,227],{"class":53},[14,83069,110],{},[34,83071,83073],{"className":36,"code":83072,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"91\n",[18,83074,83075],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83076,83077],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83078,83072],{"class":63},[14,83080,83081],{},"This works well for:",[150,83083,83084,83087,83090,83093],{},[153,83085,83086],{},"Scores",[153,83088,83089],{},"Prices",[153,83091,83092],{},"Ages",[153,83094,83095],{},"Counts",[14,83097,52135],{},[34,83099,83101],{"className":36,"code":83100,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[18,83102,83103,83131],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83104,83105,83108,83110,83112,83114,83116,83119,83121,83124,83126,83129],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83106,83107],{"class":207},"prices ",[43,83109,212],{"class":211},[43,83111,3942],{"class":53},[43,83113,376],{"class":63},[43,83115,800],{"class":53},[43,83117,83118],{"class":63}," 5.50",[43,83120,800],{"class":53},[43,83122,83123],{"class":63}," 12.75",[43,83125,800],{"class":53},[43,83127,83128],{"class":63}," 29.00",[43,83130,3955],{"class":53},[43,83132,83133,83135,83137,83139,83141,83144],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,83134,50],{"class":49},[43,83136,54],{"class":53},[43,83138,82699],{"class":49},[43,83140,54],{"class":53},[43,83142,83143],{"class":236},"prices",[43,83145,67],{"class":53},[14,83147,110],{},[34,83149,83151],{"className":36,"code":83150,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"29.0\n",[18,83152,83153],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83154,83155],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83156,83150],{"class":63},[14,83158,83159,83160,83162,83163,315],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[18,83161,82640],{}," is simpler than ",[189,83164,83165],{"href":74580},[18,83166,74483],{},[29,83168,8738,83170,83172],{"id":83169},"using-max-with-separate-values",[18,83171,82640],{}," with separate values",[14,83174,83175],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[34,83177,83179],{"className":36,"code":83178,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[18,83180,83181],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83182,83183,83185,83187,83189,83191,83193,83195,83197,83199,83201],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83184,50],{"class":49},[43,83186,54],{"class":53},[43,83188,82699],{"class":49},[43,83190,54],{"class":53},[43,83192,2835],{"class":63},[43,83194,800],{"class":53},[43,83196,31264],{"class":63},[43,83198,800],{"class":53},[43,83200,6320],{"class":63},[43,83202,67],{"class":53},[14,83204,110],{},[34,83206,83207],{"className":36,"code":2567,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,83208,83209],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83210,83211],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83212,2567],{"class":63},[14,83214,83215],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[14,83217,83218],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[34,83220,83222],{"className":36,"code":83221,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[18,83223,83224,83233,83241,83251,83255,83278],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83225,83226,83228,83230],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83227,1178],{"class":207},[43,83229,212],{"class":211},[43,83231,83232],{"class":63}," 15\n",[43,83234,83235,83237,83239],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,83236,1192],{"class":207},[43,83238,212],{"class":211},[43,83240,3098],{"class":63},[43,83242,83243,83246,83248],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,83244,83245],{"class":207},"c ",[43,83247,212],{"class":211},[43,83249,83250],{"class":63}," 27\n",[43,83252,83253],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,83254,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,83256,83257,83260,83262,83264,83266,83268,83270,83272,83274,83276],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,83258,83259],{"class":207},"largest ",[43,83261,212],{"class":211},[43,83263,83046],{"class":49},[43,83265,54],{"class":53},[43,83267,189],{"class":236},[43,83269,800],{"class":53},[43,83271,2889],{"class":236},[43,83273,800],{"class":53},[43,83275,9997],{"class":236},[43,83277,227],{"class":53},[43,83279,83280,83282,83284,83287],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,83281,50],{"class":49},[43,83283,54],{"class":53},[43,83285,83286],{"class":236},"largest",[43,83288,227],{"class":53},[14,83290,110],{},[34,83292,83293],{"className":36,"code":46665,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,83294,83295],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83296,83297],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83298,46665],{"class":63},[14,83300,83301],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[29,83303,8738,83305,47112],{"id":83304},"using-max-with-strings",[18,83306,82640],{},[14,83308,83309,83311],{},[18,83310,82640],{}," can compare strings too.",[34,83313,83315],{"className":36,"code":83314,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,83316,83317,83349],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83318,83319,83321,83323,83325,83327,83329,83331,83333,83335,83337,83339,83341,83343,83345,83347],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83320,4392],{"class":207},[43,83322,212],{"class":211},[43,83324,3942],{"class":53},[43,83326,82],{"class":81},[43,83328,4401],{"class":85},[43,83330,82],{"class":81},[43,83332,800],{"class":53},[43,83334,932],{"class":81},[43,83336,4410],{"class":85},[43,83338,82],{"class":81},[43,83340,800],{"class":53},[43,83342,932],{"class":81},[43,83344,78803],{"class":85},[43,83346,82],{"class":81},[43,83348,3955],{"class":53},[43,83350,83351,83353,83355,83357,83359,83361],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,83352,50],{"class":49},[43,83354,54],{"class":53},[43,83356,82699],{"class":49},[43,83358,54],{"class":53},[43,83360,4436],{"class":236},[43,83362,67],{"class":53},[14,83364,110],{},[34,83366,83367],{"className":36,"code":82805,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,83368,83369],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83370,83371],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83372,82805],{"class":207},[14,83374,83375],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[14,83377,68342],{},[150,83379,83380,83389,83392],{},[153,83381,83382,83385,83386,83388],{},[18,83383,83384],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[18,83387,65333],{}," alphabetically",[153,83390,83391],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[153,83393,83394],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[14,83396,197],{},[34,83398,83400],{"className":36,"code":83399,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,83401,83402,83435],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83403,83404,83406,83408,83410,83412,83414,83416,83418,83420,83423,83425,83427,83429,83431,83433],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83405,4392],{"class":207},[43,83407,212],{"class":211},[43,83409,3942],{"class":53},[43,83411,82],{"class":81},[43,83413,4401],{"class":85},[43,83415,82],{"class":81},[43,83417,800],{"class":53},[43,83419,932],{"class":81},[43,83421,83422],{"class":85},"Banana",[43,83424,82],{"class":81},[43,83426,800],{"class":53},[43,83428,932],{"class":81},[43,83430,78803],{"class":85},[43,83432,82],{"class":81},[43,83434,3955],{"class":53},[43,83436,83437,83439,83441,83443,83445,83447],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,83438,50],{"class":49},[43,83440,54],{"class":53},[43,83442,82699],{"class":49},[43,83444,54],{"class":53},[43,83446,4436],{"class":236},[43,83448,67],{"class":53},[14,83450,83451],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[14,83453,83454,83455,83457],{},"You can fix that with the ",[18,83456,15163],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[29,83459,36937,83460,36940],{"id":78761},[18,83461,15163],{},[14,83463,1073,83464,83466],{},[18,83465,15163],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[14,83468,83469],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[402,83471,83473],{"id":83472},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[34,83475,83477],{"className":36,"code":83476,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[18,83478,83479,83511],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83480,83481,83483,83485,83487,83489,83491,83493,83495,83497,83499,83501,83503,83505,83507,83509],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83482,4392],{"class":207},[43,83484,212],{"class":211},[43,83486,3942],{"class":53},[43,83488,82],{"class":81},[43,83490,37372],{"class":85},[43,83492,82],{"class":81},[43,83494,800],{"class":53},[43,83496,932],{"class":81},[43,83498,68385],{"class":85},[43,83500,82],{"class":81},[43,83502,800],{"class":53},[43,83504,932],{"class":81},[43,83506,58184],{"class":85},[43,83508,82],{"class":81},[43,83510,3955],{"class":53},[43,83512,83513,83515,83517,83519,83521,83523,83525,83527,83529,83531],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,83514,50],{"class":49},[43,83516,54],{"class":53},[43,83518,82699],{"class":49},[43,83520,54],{"class":53},[43,83522,4436],{"class":236},[43,83524,800],{"class":53},[43,83526,21902],{"class":9491},[43,83528,212],{"class":211},[43,83530,11477],{"class":49},[43,83532,67],{"class":53},[14,83534,110],{},[34,83536,83538],{"className":36,"code":83537,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"elephant\n",[18,83539,83540],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83541,83542],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83543,83537],{"class":207},[14,83545,21094,83546,83549],{},[18,83547,83548],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[14,83551,83552,83553,33951,83555,315],{},"If you are new to ",[18,83554,42412],{},[189,83556,83557,6109],{"href":42409},[18,83558,42412],{},[402,83560,83562],{"id":83561},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[34,83564,83566],{"className":36,"code":83565,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[18,83567,83568,83600],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83569,83570,83572,83574,83576,83578,83580,83582,83584,83586,83588,83590,83592,83594,83596,83598],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83571,4392],{"class":207},[43,83573,212],{"class":211},[43,83575,3942],{"class":53},[43,83577,82],{"class":81},[43,83579,4401],{"class":85},[43,83581,82],{"class":81},[43,83583,800],{"class":53},[43,83585,932],{"class":81},[43,83587,83422],{"class":85},[43,83589,82],{"class":81},[43,83591,800],{"class":53},[43,83593,932],{"class":81},[43,83595,78803],{"class":85},[43,83597,82],{"class":81},[43,83599,3955],{"class":53},[43,83601,83602,83604,83606,83608,83610,83612,83614,83616,83618,83620,83622,83624],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,83603,50],{"class":49},[43,83605,54],{"class":53},[43,83607,82699],{"class":49},[43,83609,54],{"class":53},[43,83611,4436],{"class":236},[43,83613,800],{"class":53},[43,83615,21902],{"class":9491},[43,83617,212],{"class":211},[43,83619,1038],{"class":57},[43,83621,315],{"class":53},[43,83623,8959],{"class":25074},[43,83625,67],{"class":53},[14,83627,110],{},[34,83629,83630],{"className":36,"code":82805,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,83631,83632],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83633,83634],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83635,82805],{"class":207},[14,83637,21094,83638,83640],{},[18,83639,78757],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[402,83642,83644],{"id":83643},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[14,83646,83647,83648,325],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[18,83649,37985],{},[34,83651,83653],{"className":36,"code":83652,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[18,83654,83655,83698],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83656,83657,83659,83661,83663,83665,83667,83669,83671,83673,83676,83678,83680,83682,83685,83687,83689,83691,83694,83696],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83658,8104],{"class":207},[43,83660,212],{"class":211},[43,83662,3942],{"class":53},[43,83664,82],{"class":81},[43,83666,189],{"class":85},[43,83668,82],{"class":81},[43,83670,800],{"class":53},[43,83672,932],{"class":81},[43,83674,83675],{"class":85},"bb",[43,83677,82],{"class":81},[43,83679,800],{"class":53},[43,83681,932],{"class":81},[43,83683,83684],{"class":85},"cccc",[43,83686,82],{"class":81},[43,83688,800],{"class":53},[43,83690,932],{"class":81},[43,83692,83693],{"class":85},"ddd",[43,83695,82],{"class":81},[43,83697,3955],{"class":53},[43,83699,83700,83702,83704,83706,83708,83710,83712,83714,83716,83718,83720,83722,83724,83726,83728],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,83701,50],{"class":49},[43,83703,54],{"class":53},[43,83705,82699],{"class":49},[43,83707,54],{"class":53},[43,83709,8135],{"class":236},[43,83711,800],{"class":53},[43,83713,21902],{"class":9491},[43,83715,212],{"class":211},[43,83717,37985],{"class":274},[43,83719,42893],{"class":37988},[43,83721,325],{"class":53},[43,83723,38712],{"class":49},[43,83725,54],{"class":53},[43,83727,951],{"class":236},[43,83729,3239],{"class":53},[14,83731,110],{},[34,83733,83735],{"className":36,"code":83734,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"cccc\n",[18,83736,83737],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83738,83739],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83740,83734],{"class":207},[14,83742,49604,83743,895,83745,83747],{},[18,83744,83548],{},[18,83746,78644],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[29,83749,36937,83751,36940],{"id":83750},"using-the-default-argument",[18,83752,82995],{},[14,83754,1073,83755,83757],{},[18,83756,82995],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[14,83759,83760],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[34,83762,83764],{"className":36,"code":83763,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[18,83765,83766,83774],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83767,83768,83770,83772],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83769,3937],{"class":207},[43,83771,212],{"class":211},[43,83773,8164],{"class":53},[43,83775,83776,83778,83780,83782,83784,83786,83788,83790,83792,83794],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,83777,50],{"class":49},[43,83779,54],{"class":53},[43,83781,82699],{"class":49},[43,83783,54],{"class":53},[43,83785,3969],{"class":236},[43,83787,800],{"class":53},[43,83789,26847],{"class":9491},[43,83791,212],{"class":211},[43,83793,2466],{"class":63},[43,83795,67],{"class":53},[14,83797,110],{},[34,83799,83800],{"className":36,"code":47305,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,83801,83802],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83803,83804],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83805,47305],{"class":63},[14,83807,83808],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[14,83810,83811,83812,83814],{},"Without ",[18,83813,82995],{},", this would raise an error.",[14,83816,52135],{},[34,83818,83820],{"className":36,"code":83819,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,83821,83822,83830,83857],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83823,83824,83826,83828],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83825,4392],{"class":207},[43,83827,212],{"class":211},[43,83829,8164],{"class":53},[43,83831,83832,83834,83836,83838,83840,83842,83844,83846,83848,83850,83853,83855],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,83833,1282],{"class":207},[43,83835,212],{"class":211},[43,83837,83046],{"class":49},[43,83839,54],{"class":53},[43,83841,4436],{"class":236},[43,83843,800],{"class":53},[43,83845,26847],{"class":9491},[43,83847,212],{"class":211},[43,83849,82],{"class":81},[43,83851,83852],{"class":85},"no words found",[43,83854,82],{"class":81},[43,83856,227],{"class":53},[43,83858,83859,83861,83863,83865],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,83860,50],{"class":49},[43,83862,54],{"class":53},[43,83864,1306],{"class":236},[43,83866,227],{"class":53},[14,83868,110],{},[34,83870,83872],{"className":36,"code":83871,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"no words found\n",[18,83873,83874],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83875,83876],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83877,83871],{"class":207},[14,83879,83880],{},"Important:",[150,83882,83883,83891],{},[153,83884,83885,83887,83888],{},[18,83886,82995],{}," works with ",[18,83889,83890],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[153,83892,911,83893,83895,83896],{},[913,83894,734],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[18,83897,83898],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[29,83900,48040],{"id":48039},[14,83902,83903,83904,315],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[18,83905,82640],{},[402,83907,83909,83911],{"id":83908},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[18,83910,690],{}," with an empty iterable",[14,83913,83914,83915,45961,83917,315],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[18,83916,82995],{},[18,83918,690],{},[34,83920,83922],{"className":36,"code":83921,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[18,83923,83924,83932],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83925,83926,83928,83930],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83927,3937],{"class":207},[43,83929,212],{"class":211},[43,83931,8164],{"class":53},[43,83933,83934,83936,83938,83940,83942,83944],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,83935,50],{"class":49},[43,83937,54],{"class":53},[43,83939,82699],{"class":49},[43,83941,54],{"class":53},[43,83943,3969],{"class":236},[43,83945,67],{"class":53},[14,83947,717],{},[34,83949,83951],{"className":36,"code":83950,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[18,83952,83953],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83954,83955,83957,83959,83961,83963,83966,83968],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83956,690],{"class":57},[43,83958,325],{"class":53},[43,83960,83046],{"class":49},[43,83962,830],{"class":53},[43,83964,83965],{"class":207}," arg ",[43,83967,12512],{"class":211},[43,83969,83970],{"class":207}," an empty sequence\n",[14,83972,83973,83974,325],{},"Fix it by using ",[18,83975,82995],{},[34,83977,83979],{"className":36,"code":83978,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[18,83980,83981,83989],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,83982,83983,83985,83987],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,83984,3937],{"class":207},[43,83986,212],{"class":211},[43,83988,8164],{"class":53},[43,83990,83991,83993,83995,83997,83999,84001,84003,84005,84007,84009],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,83992,50],{"class":49},[43,83994,54],{"class":53},[43,83996,82699],{"class":49},[43,83998,54],{"class":53},[43,84000,3969],{"class":236},[43,84002,800],{"class":53},[43,84004,26847],{"class":9491},[43,84006,212],{"class":211},[43,84008,4099],{"class":104},[43,84010,67],{"class":53},[14,84012,84013,84014,315],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[189,84015,65898],{"href":72937},[402,84017,84019,84021],{"id":84018},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[18,84020,823],{}," when items cannot be compared",[14,84023,84024,84025,315],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[18,84026,823],{},[34,84028,84030],{"className":36,"code":84029,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[18,84031,84032,84056],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84033,84034,84036,84038,84040,84042,84044,84046,84048,84050,84052,84054],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84035,8104],{"class":207},[43,84037,212],{"class":211},[43,84039,3942],{"class":53},[43,84041,512],{"class":63},[43,84043,800],{"class":53},[43,84045,932],{"class":81},[43,84047,16076],{"class":85},[43,84049,82],{"class":81},[43,84051,800],{"class":53},[43,84053,8120],{"class":63},[43,84055,3955],{"class":53},[43,84057,84058,84060,84062,84064,84066,84068],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,84059,50],{"class":49},[43,84061,54],{"class":53},[43,84063,82699],{"class":49},[43,84065,54],{"class":53},[43,84067,8135],{"class":236},[43,84069,67],{"class":53},[14,84071,84072],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[14,84074,84075],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[34,84077,84079],{"className":36,"code":84078,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[18,84080,84081,84101],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84082,84083,84085,84087,84089,84091,84093,84095,84097,84099],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84084,8104],{"class":207},[43,84086,212],{"class":211},[43,84088,3942],{"class":53},[43,84090,512],{"class":63},[43,84092,800],{"class":53},[43,84094,8115],{"class":63},[43,84096,800],{"class":53},[43,84098,8120],{"class":63},[43,84100,3955],{"class":53},[43,84102,84103,84105,84107,84109,84111,84113],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,84104,50],{"class":49},[43,84106,54],{"class":53},[43,84108,82699],{"class":49},[43,84110,54],{"class":53},[43,84112,8135],{"class":236},[43,84114,67],{"class":53},[14,84116,84117,84118,315],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[189,84119,84121],{"href":84120},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[402,84123,84125,84127],{"id":84124},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[18,84126,823],{}," when called with no arguments",[14,84129,84130,84132],{},[18,84131,82640],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[34,84134,84136],{"className":36,"code":84135,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(max())\n",[18,84137,84138],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84139,84140,84142,84144,84146],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84141,50],{"class":49},[43,84143,54],{"class":53},[43,84145,82699],{"class":49},[43,84147,341],{"class":53},[14,84149,885,84150,315],{},[18,84151,823],{},[29,84153,84155,10901,84157],{"id":84154},"max-vs-sorted",[18,84156,82640],{},[18,84158,74483],{},[14,84160,84161],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[14,84163,84164,325],{},[18,84165,82640],{},[150,84167,84168],{},[153,84169,84170],{},"Returns one largest item",[14,84172,84173,325],{},[18,84174,74483],{},[150,84176,84177],{},[153,84178,84179],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[14,84181,197],{},[34,84183,84185],{"className":36,"code":84184,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[18,84186,84187,84211,84215,84229],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84188,84189,84191,84193,84195,84197,84199,84201,84203,84205,84207,84209],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84190,3937],{"class":207},[43,84192,212],{"class":211},[43,84194,3942],{"class":53},[43,84196,2409],{"class":63},[43,84198,800],{"class":53},[43,84200,6686],{"class":63},[43,84202,800],{"class":53},[43,84204,803],{"class":63},[43,84206,800],{"class":53},[43,84208,4929],{"class":63},[43,84210,3955],{"class":53},[43,84212,84213],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,84214,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,84216,84217,84219,84221,84223,84225,84227],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,84218,50],{"class":49},[43,84220,54],{"class":53},[43,84222,82699],{"class":49},[43,84224,54],{"class":53},[43,84226,3969],{"class":236},[43,84228,67],{"class":53},[43,84230,84231,84233,84235,84237,84239,84241],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,84232,50],{"class":49},[43,84234,54],{"class":53},[43,84236,74573],{"class":49},[43,84238,54],{"class":53},[43,84240,3969],{"class":236},[43,84242,67],{"class":53},[14,84244,110],{},[34,84246,84248],{"className":36,"code":84247,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[18,84249,84250,84254],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84251,84252],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84253,2718],{"class":63},[43,84255,84256,84258,84260,84262,84264,84266,84268,84270,84272],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,84257,4221],{"class":53},[43,84259,447],{"class":63},[43,84261,800],{"class":53},[43,84263,808],{"class":63},[43,84265,800],{"class":53},[43,84267,4929],{"class":63},[43,84269,800],{"class":53},[43,84271,6686],{"class":63},[43,84273,3955],{"class":53},[14,84275,133,84276,84278],{},[18,84277,82640],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[14,84280,133,84281,84285],{},[189,84282,84283],{"href":74580},[18,84284,74483],{}," when you need all items in order.",[14,84287,84288,84289,315],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[189,84290,84292],{"href":84291},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[18,84293,84294],{},"min()",[29,84296,3160],{"id":3159},[14,84298,84299],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[150,84301,84302,84309,84312,84317,84320],{},[153,84303,29974,84304,84306,84307],{},[18,84305,82640],{}," on an empty list without ",[18,84308,82995],{},[153,84310,84311],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[153,84313,8773,84314,84316],{},[18,84315,82640],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[153,84318,84319],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[153,84321,8738,84322,84324],{},[18,84323,82995],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[14,84326,11428],{},[34,84328,84330],{"className":36,"code":84329,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[18,84331,84332,84342,84356,84370,84384,84406],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84333,84334,84336,84338,84340],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84335,50],{"class":49},[43,84337,54],{"class":53},[43,84339,8135],{"class":236},[43,84341,227],{"class":53},[43,84343,84344,84346,84348,84350,84352,84354],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,84345,50],{"class":49},[43,84347,54],{"class":53},[43,84349,248],{"class":57},[43,84351,54],{"class":53},[43,84353,8135],{"class":236},[43,84355,67],{"class":53},[43,84357,84358,84360,84362,84364,84366,84368],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,84359,50],{"class":49},[43,84361,54],{"class":53},[43,84363,11477],{"class":49},[43,84365,54],{"class":53},[43,84367,8135],{"class":236},[43,84369,67],{"class":53},[43,84371,84372,84374,84376,84378,84380,84382],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,84373,50],{"class":49},[43,84375,54],{"class":53},[43,84377,82699],{"class":49},[43,84379,54],{"class":53},[43,84381,8135],{"class":236},[43,84383,67],{"class":53},[43,84385,84386,84388,84390,84392,84394,84396,84398,84400,84402,84404],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,84387,50],{"class":49},[43,84389,54],{"class":53},[43,84391,82699],{"class":49},[43,84393,54],{"class":53},[43,84395,8135],{"class":236},[43,84397,800],{"class":53},[43,84399,26847],{"class":9491},[43,84401,212],{"class":211},[43,84403,4099],{"class":104},[43,84405,67],{"class":53},[43,84407,84408,84410,84412,84414,84416,84418,84420,84422,84424,84426,84428],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,84409,50],{"class":49},[43,84411,794],{"class":53},[43,84413,248],{"class":57},[43,84415,54],{"class":53},[43,84417,2519],{"class":236},[43,84419,1221],{"class":53},[43,84421,4197],{"class":1927},[43,84423,4200],{"class":236},[43,84425,4203],{"class":1927},[43,84427,6292],{"class":236},[43,84429,4209],{"class":53},[14,84431,84432],{},"These are useful for checking:",[150,84434,84435,84440,84445,84448],{},[153,84436,84437,84438],{},"What is actually inside ",[18,84439,8135],{},[153,84441,79810,84442,84444],{},[18,84443,8135],{}," is a list or some other type",[153,84446,84447],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[153,84449,84450],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[14,84452,69406,84453,84456,84457,84459],{},[18,84454,84455],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[18,84458,8135],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[29,84461,2162],{"id":2161},[402,84463,5466,84465,5469],{"id":84464},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[18,84466,82640],{},[14,84468,84469],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[402,84471,5493,84473,84475],{"id":84472},"can-max-work-with-strings",[18,84474,82640],{}," work with strings?",[14,84477,84478],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[402,84480,71705],{"id":71704},[14,84482,84483,52550,84485,84487,84488,84490],{},[18,84484,82640],{},[18,84486,690],{}," unless you use the ",[18,84489,82995],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[402,84492,84494,84495,2822],{"id":84493},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[18,84496,82640],{},[14,84498,133,84499,325],{},[18,84500,83548],{},[34,84502,84503],{"className":36,"code":83476,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,84504,84505,84537],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84506,84507,84509,84511,84513,84515,84517,84519,84521,84523,84525,84527,84529,84531,84533,84535],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84508,4392],{"class":207},[43,84510,212],{"class":211},[43,84512,3942],{"class":53},[43,84514,82],{"class":81},[43,84516,37372],{"class":85},[43,84518,82],{"class":81},[43,84520,800],{"class":53},[43,84522,932],{"class":81},[43,84524,68385],{"class":85},[43,84526,82],{"class":81},[43,84528,800],{"class":53},[43,84530,932],{"class":81},[43,84532,58184],{"class":85},[43,84534,82],{"class":81},[43,84536,3955],{"class":53},[43,84538,84539,84541,84543,84545,84547,84549,84551,84553,84555,84557],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,84540,50],{"class":49},[43,84542,54],{"class":53},[43,84544,82699],{"class":49},[43,84546,54],{"class":53},[43,84548,4436],{"class":236},[43,84550,800],{"class":53},[43,84552,21902],{"class":9491},[43,84554,212],{"class":211},[43,84556,11477],{"class":49},[43,84558,67],{"class":53},[402,84560,5503,84562,895,84564,2822],{"id":84561},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[18,84563,82640],{},[18,84565,74483],{},[14,84567,84568,84570,84571,84573],{},[18,84569,82640],{}," returns one largest item. ",[18,84572,74483],{}," returns all items in order.",[29,84575,2229],{"id":2228},[150,84577,84578,84584,84590,84596,84600,84604],{},[153,84579,84580],{},[189,84581,84582,3827],{"href":84291},[18,84583,84294],{},[153,84585,84586],{},[189,84587,84588,3827],{"href":74580},[18,84589,74483],{},[153,84591,84592],{},[189,84593,84594,3827],{"href":42409},[18,84595,42412],{},[153,84597,84598],{},[189,84599,59013],{"href":59012},[153,84601,84602],{},[189,84603,65898],{"href":72937},[153,84605,84606],{},[189,84607,84121],{"href":84120},[2262,84609,84610],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":84612},[84613,84614,84616,84617,84619,84621,84623,84628,84630,84638,84640,84641,84652],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":82830,"depth":70,"text":84615},"What max() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":82999,"depth":70,"text":84618},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83169,"depth":70,"text":84620},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83304,"depth":70,"text":84622},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78761,"depth":70,"text":79959,"children":84624},[84625,84626,84627],{"id":83472,"depth":93,"text":83473},{"id":83561,"depth":93,"text":83562},{"id":83643,"depth":93,"text":83644},{"id":83750,"depth":70,"text":84629},"Using the default argument",{"id":48039,"depth":70,"text":48040,"children":84631},[84632,84634,84636],{"id":83908,"depth":93,"text":84633},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84018,"depth":93,"text":84635},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84124,"depth":93,"text":84637},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84154,"depth":70,"text":84639},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":84642},[84643,84645,84647,84648,84650],{"id":84464,"depth":93,"text":84644},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84472,"depth":93,"text":84646},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71704,"depth":93,"text":71705},{"id":84493,"depth":93,"text":84649},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84561,"depth":93,"text":84651},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82632,"description":84653},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84660,"title":84661,"body":84662,"description":86616,"extension":2312,"meta":86617,"navigation":958,"path":86618,"seo":86619,"stem":86620,"__hash__":86621},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84663,"toc":86573},[84664,84669,84674,84680,84682,84756,84758,84771,84776,84781,84797,84801,84806,84882,84888,84891,84934,84936,84944,84950,84953,84984,84986,84994,85000,85005,85064,85066,85075,85078,85088,85094,85099,85134,85136,85144,85150,85156,85161,85205,85207,85216,85219,85259,85261,85270,85273,85285,85290,85295,85346,85348,85357,85360,85411,85413,85422,85425,85432,85438,85443,85445,85460,85464,85524,85526,85535,85539,85711,85713,85750,85757,85763,85766,85793,85795,85816,85821,85856,85858,85866,85869,85872,85888,85893,85895,85899,85905,85909,85936,85939,85949,85989,85993,85996,86039,86041,86050,86053,86058,86127,86129,86137,86142,86146,86149,86200,86202,86210,86213,86276,86278,86286,86289,86294,86298,86311,86318,86326,86328,86330,86360,86366,86467,86477,86479,86484,86487,86492,86495,86497,86505,86513,86521,86528,86536,86538,86570],[10,84665,3894,84667,3898],{"id":84666},"python-min-function-explained",[18,84668,84294],{},[14,84670,84671,84673],{},[18,84672,84294],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[14,84675,84676,84677,84679],{},"This page explains what ",[18,84678,84294],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[29,84681,32],{"id":31},[34,84683,84685],{"className":36,"code":84684,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[18,84686,84687,84711,84726,84730],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84688,84689,84691,84693,84695,84697,84699,84701,84703,84705,84707,84709],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84690,3937],{"class":207},[43,84692,212],{"class":211},[43,84694,3942],{"class":53},[43,84696,64],{"class":63},[43,84698,800],{"class":53},[43,84700,803],{"class":63},[43,84702,800],{"class":53},[43,84704,54192],{"class":63},[43,84706,800],{"class":53},[43,84708,5823],{"class":63},[43,84710,3955],{"class":53},[43,84712,84713,84715,84717,84720,84722,84724],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,84714,50],{"class":49},[43,84716,54],{"class":53},[43,84718,84719],{"class":49},"min",[43,84721,54],{"class":53},[43,84723,3969],{"class":236},[43,84725,67],{"class":53},[43,84727,84728],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,84729,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,84731,84732,84734,84736,84738,84740,84742,84744,84746,84748,84750,84752,84754],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,84733,50],{"class":49},[43,84735,54],{"class":53},[43,84737,84719],{"class":49},[43,84739,54],{"class":53},[43,84741,64],{"class":63},[43,84743,800],{"class":53},[43,84745,803],{"class":63},[43,84747,800],{"class":53},[43,84749,54192],{"class":63},[43,84751,800],{"class":53},[43,84753,5823],{"class":63},[43,84755,67],{"class":53},[14,84757,110],{},[34,84759,84761],{"className":36,"code":84760,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"1\n1\n",[18,84762,84763,84767],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84764,84765],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84766,46970],{"class":63},[43,84768,84769],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,84770,46970],{"class":63},[14,84772,133,84773,84775],{},[18,84774,84294],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[29,84777,3998,84779,4001],{"id":84778},"what-min-does",[18,84780,84294],{},[150,84782,84783,84788,84791,84794],{},[153,84784,84785,84787],{},[18,84786,84294],{}," returns the smallest item",[153,84789,84790],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[153,84792,84793],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[153,84795,84796],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[29,84798,84800],{"id":84799},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[14,84802,84803,84804,325],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[18,84805,84294],{},[34,84807,84809],{"className":36,"code":84808,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[18,84810,84811,84821,84846,84864],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84812,84813,84815,84817,84819],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84814,84719],{"class":49},[43,84816,54],{"class":53},[43,84818,4042],{"class":236},[43,84820,227],{"class":53},[43,84822,84823,84825,84827,84830,84832,84835,84837,84840,84842,84844],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,84824,84719],{"class":49},[43,84826,54],{"class":53},[43,84828,84829],{"class":236},"value1",[43,84831,800],{"class":53},[43,84833,84834],{"class":236}," value2",[43,84836,800],{"class":53},[43,84838,84839],{"class":236}," value3",[43,84841,800],{"class":53},[43,84843,34777],{"class":49},[43,84845,227],{"class":53},[43,84847,84848,84850,84852,84854,84856,84858,84860,84862],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,84849,84719],{"class":49},[43,84851,54],{"class":53},[43,84853,4042],{"class":236},[43,84855,800],{"class":53},[43,84857,21902],{"class":9491},[43,84859,212],{"class":211},[43,84861,37696],{"class":49},[43,84863,227],{"class":53},[43,84865,84866,84868,84870,84872,84874,84876,84878,84880],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,84867,84719],{"class":49},[43,84869,54],{"class":53},[43,84871,4042],{"class":236},[43,84873,800],{"class":53},[43,84875,26847],{"class":9491},[43,84877,212],{"class":211},[43,84879,37696],{"class":49},[43,84881,227],{"class":53},[402,84883,84885],{"id":84884},"miniterable",[18,84886,84887],{},"min(iterable)",[14,84889,84890],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[34,84892,84894],{"className":36,"code":84893,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,84895,84896,84920],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84897,84898,84900,84902,84904,84906,84908,84910,84912,84914,84916,84918],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84899,3937],{"class":207},[43,84901,212],{"class":211},[43,84903,3942],{"class":53},[43,84905,2684],{"class":63},[43,84907,800],{"class":53},[43,84909,808],{"class":63},[43,84911,800],{"class":53},[43,84913,31264],{"class":63},[43,84915,800],{"class":53},[43,84917,5823],{"class":63},[43,84919,3955],{"class":53},[43,84921,84922,84924,84926,84928,84930,84932],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,84923,50],{"class":49},[43,84925,54],{"class":53},[43,84927,84719],{"class":49},[43,84929,54],{"class":53},[43,84931,3969],{"class":236},[43,84933,67],{"class":53},[14,84935,110],{},[34,84937,84938],{"className":36,"code":46970,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,84939,84940],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84941,84942],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84943,46970],{"class":63},[402,84945,84947],{"id":84946},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[18,84948,84949],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[14,84951,84952],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[34,84954,84956],{"className":36,"code":84955,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[18,84957,84958],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84959,84960,84962,84964,84966,84968,84970,84972,84974,84976,84978,84980,84982],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84961,50],{"class":49},[43,84963,54],{"class":53},[43,84965,84719],{"class":49},[43,84967,54],{"class":53},[43,84969,2684],{"class":63},[43,84971,800],{"class":53},[43,84973,808],{"class":63},[43,84975,800],{"class":53},[43,84977,31264],{"class":63},[43,84979,800],{"class":53},[43,84981,5823],{"class":63},[43,84983,67],{"class":53},[14,84985,110],{},[34,84987,84988],{"className":36,"code":46970,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,84989,84990],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,84991,84992],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,84993,46970],{"class":63},[402,84995,84997],{"id":84996},"miniterable-key",[18,84998,84999],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[14,85001,133,85002,85004],{},[18,85003,15163],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[34,85006,85008],{"className":36,"code":85007,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,85009,85010,85042],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85011,85012,85014,85016,85018,85020,85022,85024,85026,85028,85030,85032,85034,85036,85038,85040],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85013,4392],{"class":207},[43,85015,212],{"class":211},[43,85017,3942],{"class":53},[43,85019,82],{"class":81},[43,85021,78803],{"class":85},[43,85023,82],{"class":81},[43,85025,800],{"class":53},[43,85027,932],{"class":81},[43,85029,38667],{"class":85},[43,85031,82],{"class":81},[43,85033,800],{"class":53},[43,85035,932],{"class":81},[43,85037,4410],{"class":85},[43,85039,82],{"class":81},[43,85041,3955],{"class":53},[43,85043,85044,85046,85048,85050,85052,85054,85056,85058,85060,85062],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,85045,50],{"class":49},[43,85047,54],{"class":53},[43,85049,84719],{"class":49},[43,85051,54],{"class":53},[43,85053,4436],{"class":236},[43,85055,800],{"class":53},[43,85057,21902],{"class":9491},[43,85059,212],{"class":211},[43,85061,11477],{"class":49},[43,85063,67],{"class":53},[14,85065,110],{},[34,85067,85069],{"className":36,"code":85068,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"kiwi\n",[18,85070,85071],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85072,85073],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85074,85068],{"class":207},[14,85076,85077],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[14,85079,85080,85081,85083,85084,315],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[18,85082,42412],{},", see the ",[189,85085,85086,3827],{"href":42409},[18,85087,42412],{},[402,85089,85091],{"id":85090},"miniterable-default",[18,85092,85093],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[14,85095,133,85096,85098],{},[18,85097,82995],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[34,85100,85102],{"className":36,"code":85101,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[18,85103,85104,85112],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85105,85106,85108,85110],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85107,3937],{"class":207},[43,85109,212],{"class":211},[43,85111,8164],{"class":53},[43,85113,85114,85116,85118,85120,85122,85124,85126,85128,85130,85132],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,85115,50],{"class":49},[43,85117,54],{"class":53},[43,85119,84719],{"class":49},[43,85121,54],{"class":53},[43,85123,3969],{"class":236},[43,85125,800],{"class":53},[43,85127,26847],{"class":9491},[43,85129,212],{"class":211},[43,85131,2466],{"class":63},[43,85133,67],{"class":53},[14,85135,110],{},[34,85137,85138],{"className":36,"code":47305,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,85139,85140],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85141,85142],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85143,47305],{"class":63},[14,85145,85146,85147,85149],{},"This avoids a ",[18,85148,690],{}," when there is no item to return.",[29,85151,8738,85153,85155],{"id":85152},"using-min-with-numbers",[18,85154,84294],{}," with numbers",[14,85157,85158,85160],{},[18,85159,84294],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[34,85162,85164],{"className":36,"code":85163,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[18,85165,85166,85191],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85167,85168,85170,85172,85174,85176,85178,85181,85183,85185,85187,85189],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85169,5387],{"class":207},[43,85171,212],{"class":211},[43,85173,3942],{"class":53},[43,85175,51560],{"class":63},[43,85177,800],{"class":53},[43,85179,85180],{"class":63}," 72",[43,85182,800],{"class":53},[43,85184,29231],{"class":63},[43,85186,800],{"class":53},[43,85188,76159],{"class":63},[43,85190,3955],{"class":53},[43,85192,85193,85195,85197,85199,85201,85203],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,85194,50],{"class":49},[43,85196,54],{"class":53},[43,85198,84719],{"class":49},[43,85200,54],{"class":53},[43,85202,16711],{"class":236},[43,85204,67],{"class":53},[14,85206,110],{},[34,85208,85210],{"className":36,"code":85209,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"60\n",[18,85211,85212],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85213,85214],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85215,85209],{"class":63},[14,85217,85218],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[34,85220,85222],{"className":36,"code":85221,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[18,85223,85224,85245],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85225,85226,85228,85230,85232,85234,85236,85239,85241,85243],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85227,83107],{"class":207},[43,85229,212],{"class":211},[43,85231,3942],{"class":53},[43,85233,376],{"class":63},[43,85235,800],{"class":53},[43,85237,85238],{"class":63}," 5.49",[43,85240,800],{"class":53},[43,85242,83123],{"class":63},[43,85244,3955],{"class":53},[43,85246,85247,85249,85251,85253,85255,85257],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,85248,50],{"class":49},[43,85250,54],{"class":53},[43,85252,84719],{"class":49},[43,85254,54],{"class":53},[43,85256,83143],{"class":236},[43,85258,67],{"class":53},[14,85260,110],{},[34,85262,85264],{"className":36,"code":85263,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"5.49\n",[18,85265,85266],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85267,85268],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85269,85263],{"class":63},[14,85271,85272],{},"This is useful for things like:",[150,85274,85275,85277,85279,85282],{},[153,85276,16711],{},[153,85278,83143],{},[153,85280,85281],{},"measurements",[153,85283,85284],{},"ages",[29,85286,8738,85288,47112],{"id":85287},"using-min-with-strings",[18,85289,84294],{},[14,85291,85292,85294],{},[18,85293,84294],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[34,85296,85298],{"className":36,"code":85297,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,85299,85300,85332],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85301,85302,85304,85306,85308,85310,85312,85314,85316,85318,85320,85322,85324,85326,85328,85330],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85303,4392],{"class":207},[43,85305,212],{"class":211},[43,85307,3942],{"class":53},[43,85309,82],{"class":81},[43,85311,4410],{"class":85},[43,85313,82],{"class":81},[43,85315,800],{"class":53},[43,85317,932],{"class":81},[43,85319,4401],{"class":85},[43,85321,82],{"class":81},[43,85323,800],{"class":53},[43,85325,932],{"class":81},[43,85327,4419],{"class":85},[43,85329,82],{"class":81},[43,85331,3955],{"class":53},[43,85333,85334,85336,85338,85340,85342,85344],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,85335,50],{"class":49},[43,85337,54],{"class":53},[43,85339,84719],{"class":49},[43,85341,54],{"class":53},[43,85343,4436],{"class":236},[43,85345,67],{"class":53},[14,85347,110],{},[34,85349,85351],{"className":36,"code":85350,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"apple\n",[18,85352,85353],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85354,85355],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85356,85350],{"class":207},[14,85358,85359],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[34,85361,85363],{"className":36,"code":85362,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,85364,85365,85397],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85366,85367,85369,85371,85373,85375,85377,85379,85381,85383,85385,85387,85389,85391,85393,85395],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85368,4392],{"class":207},[43,85370,212],{"class":211},[43,85372,3942],{"class":53},[43,85374,82],{"class":81},[43,85376,4410],{"class":85},[43,85378,82],{"class":81},[43,85380,800],{"class":53},[43,85382,932],{"class":81},[43,85384,57825],{"class":85},[43,85386,82],{"class":81},[43,85388,800],{"class":53},[43,85390,932],{"class":81},[43,85392,4419],{"class":85},[43,85394,82],{"class":81},[43,85396,3955],{"class":53},[43,85398,85399,85401,85403,85405,85407,85409],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,85400,50],{"class":49},[43,85402,54],{"class":53},[43,85404,84719],{"class":49},[43,85406,54],{"class":53},[43,85408,4436],{"class":236},[43,85410,67],{"class":53},[14,85412,110],{},[34,85414,85416],{"className":36,"code":85415,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Apple\n",[18,85417,85418],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85419,85420],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85421,85415],{"class":207},[14,85423,85424],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[14,85426,85427,85428,315],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[189,85429,85430,6109],{"href":74580},[18,85431,74483],{},[29,85433,8738,85435,85437],{"id":85434},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[18,85436,84294],{}," with a key function",[14,85439,1073,85440,85442],{},[18,85441,15163],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[14,85444,11775],{},[150,85446,85447,85452,85457],{},[153,85448,85449,85451],{},[18,85450,15163],{}," changes the comparison rule",[153,85453,85454,85456],{},[18,85455,84294],{}," still returns the original item",[153,85458,85459],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[402,85461,85463],{"id":85462},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[34,85465,85467],{"className":36,"code":85466,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,85468,85469,85502],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85470,85471,85473,85475,85477,85479,85481,85483,85485,85487,85489,85491,85493,85495,85498,85500],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85472,4392],{"class":207},[43,85474,212],{"class":211},[43,85476,3942],{"class":53},[43,85478,82],{"class":81},[43,85480,68385],{"class":85},[43,85482,82],{"class":81},[43,85484,800],{"class":53},[43,85486,932],{"class":81},[43,85488,37372],{"class":85},[43,85490,82],{"class":81},[43,85492,800],{"class":53},[43,85494,932],{"class":81},[43,85496,85497],{"class":85},"giraffe",[43,85499,82],{"class":81},[43,85501,3955],{"class":53},[43,85503,85504,85506,85508,85510,85512,85514,85516,85518,85520,85522],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,85505,50],{"class":49},[43,85507,54],{"class":53},[43,85509,84719],{"class":49},[43,85511,54],{"class":53},[43,85513,4436],{"class":236},[43,85515,800],{"class":53},[43,85517,21902],{"class":9491},[43,85519,212],{"class":211},[43,85521,11477],{"class":49},[43,85523,67],{"class":53},[14,85525,110],{},[34,85527,85529],{"className":36,"code":85528,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"cat\n",[18,85530,85531],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85532,85533],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85534,85528],{"class":207},[402,85536,85538],{"id":85537},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[34,85540,85542],{"className":36,"code":85541,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[18,85543,85544,85554,85589,85621,85653,85657,85661,85700],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85545,85546,85549,85551],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85547,85548],{"class":207},"students ",[43,85550,212],{"class":211},[43,85552,85553],{"class":53}," [\n",[43,85555,85556,85559,85561,85563,85565,85567,85569,85571,85573,85575,85577,85580,85582,85584,85586],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,85557,85558],{"class":53},"    {",[43,85560,82],{"class":81},[43,85562,7992],{"class":85},[43,85564,82],{"class":81},[43,85566,325],{"class":53},[43,85568,932],{"class":81},[43,85570,13200],{"class":85},[43,85572,82],{"class":81},[43,85574,800],{"class":53},[43,85576,932],{"class":81},[43,85578,85579],{"class":85},"score",[43,85581,82],{"class":81},[43,85583,325],{"class":53},[43,85585,13828],{"class":63},[43,85587,85588],{"class":53},"},\n",[43,85590,85591,85593,85595,85597,85599,85601,85603,85605,85607,85609,85611,85613,85615,85617,85619],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,85592,85558],{"class":53},[43,85594,82],{"class":81},[43,85596,7992],{"class":85},[43,85598,82],{"class":81},[43,85600,325],{"class":53},[43,85602,932],{"class":81},[43,85604,36264],{"class":85},[43,85606,82],{"class":81},[43,85608,800],{"class":53},[43,85610,932],{"class":81},[43,85612,85579],{"class":85},[43,85614,82],{"class":81},[43,85616,325],{"class":53},[43,85618,85180],{"class":63},[43,85620,85588],{"class":53},[43,85622,85623,85625,85627,85629,85631,85633,85635,85637,85639,85641,85643,85645,85647,85649,85651],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,85624,85558],{"class":53},[43,85626,82],{"class":81},[43,85628,7992],{"class":85},[43,85630,82],{"class":81},[43,85632,325],{"class":53},[43,85634,932],{"class":81},[43,85636,36273],{"class":85},[43,85638,82],{"class":81},[43,85640,800],{"class":53},[43,85642,932],{"class":81},[43,85644,85579],{"class":85},[43,85646,82],{"class":81},[43,85648,325],{"class":53},[43,85650,20221],{"class":63},[43,85652,1667],{"class":53},[43,85654,85655],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,85656,3955],{"class":53},[43,85658,85659],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,85660,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,85662,85663,85666,85668,85671,85673,85676,85678,85680,85682,85684,85686,85688,85690,85692,85694,85696,85698],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,85664,85665],{"class":207},"lowest ",[43,85667,212],{"class":211},[43,85669,85670],{"class":49}," min",[43,85672,54],{"class":53},[43,85674,85675],{"class":236},"students",[43,85677,800],{"class":53},[43,85679,21902],{"class":9491},[43,85681,212],{"class":211},[43,85683,37985],{"class":274},[43,85685,13226],{"class":37988},[43,85687,325],{"class":53},[43,85689,13226],{"class":236},[43,85691,4221],{"class":53},[43,85693,82],{"class":81},[43,85695,85579],{"class":85},[43,85697,82],{"class":81},[43,85699,4209],{"class":53},[43,85701,85702,85704,85706,85709],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,85703,50],{"class":49},[43,85705,54],{"class":53},[43,85707,85708],{"class":236},"lowest",[43,85710,227],{"class":53},[14,85712,110],{},[34,85714,85716],{"className":36,"code":85715,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[18,85717,85718],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85719,85720,85722,85724,85726,85728,85730,85732,85734,85736,85738,85740,85742,85744,85746,85748],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85721,9594],{"class":53},[43,85723,283],{"class":81},[43,85725,7992],{"class":85},[43,85727,283],{"class":81},[43,85729,325],{"class":53},[43,85731,278],{"class":81},[43,85733,36264],{"class":85},[43,85735,283],{"class":81},[43,85737,800],{"class":53},[43,85739,278],{"class":81},[43,85741,85579],{"class":85},[43,85743,283],{"class":81},[43,85745,325],{"class":53},[43,85747,85180],{"class":63},[43,85749,1667],{"class":53},[14,85751,85752,85753,85756],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[18,85754,85755],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[29,85758,8738,85760,85762],{"id":85759},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[18,85761,82995],{}," with empty iterables",[14,85764,85765],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[34,85767,85769],{"className":36,"code":85768,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,85770,85771,85779],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85772,85773,85775,85777],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85774,3937],{"class":207},[43,85776,212],{"class":211},[43,85778,8164],{"class":53},[43,85780,85781,85783,85785,85787,85789,85791],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,85782,50],{"class":49},[43,85784,54],{"class":53},[43,85786,84719],{"class":49},[43,85788,54],{"class":53},[43,85790,3969],{"class":236},[43,85792,67],{"class":53},[14,85794,110],{},[34,85796,85798],{"className":36,"code":85797,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[18,85799,85800],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85801,85802,85804,85806,85808,85810,85812,85814],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85803,690],{"class":57},[43,85805,325],{"class":53},[43,85807,85670],{"class":49},[43,85809,830],{"class":53},[43,85811,83965],{"class":207},[43,85813,12512],{"class":211},[43,85815,83970],{"class":207},[14,85817,85818,85819,325],{},"To avoid that, use ",[18,85820,82995],{},[34,85822,85824],{"className":36,"code":85823,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[18,85825,85826,85834],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85827,85828,85830,85832],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85829,3937],{"class":207},[43,85831,212],{"class":211},[43,85833,8164],{"class":53},[43,85835,85836,85838,85840,85842,85844,85846,85848,85850,85852,85854],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,85837,50],{"class":49},[43,85839,54],{"class":53},[43,85841,84719],{"class":49},[43,85843,54],{"class":53},[43,85845,3969],{"class":236},[43,85847,800],{"class":53},[43,85849,26847],{"class":9491},[43,85851,212],{"class":211},[43,85853,4099],{"class":104},[43,85855,67],{"class":53},[14,85857,110],{},[34,85859,85860],{"className":36,"code":12126,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,85861,85862],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85863,85864],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85865,12126],{"class":104},[14,85867,85868],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[14,85870,85871],{},"Remember:",[150,85873,85874,85882],{},[153,85875,85876,85878,85879,85881],{},[18,85877,82995],{}," works only when ",[18,85880,84294],{}," gets one iterable argument",[153,85883,85884,85885],{},"It does not work with ",[18,85886,85887],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[14,85889,85890,85891,315],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[189,85892,65898],{"href":72937},[29,85894,11059],{"id":11058},[14,85896,56832,85897,315],{},[18,85898,84294],{},[402,85900,85902,85903],{"id":85901},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[18,85904,82995],{},[14,85906,885,85907,325],{},[18,85908,690],{},[34,85910,85912],{"className":36,"code":85911,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[18,85913,85914,85922],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85915,85916,85918,85920],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85917,8104],{"class":207},[43,85919,212],{"class":211},[43,85921,8164],{"class":53},[43,85923,85924,85926,85928,85930,85932,85934],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,85925,50],{"class":49},[43,85927,54],{"class":53},[43,85929,84719],{"class":49},[43,85931,54],{"class":53},[43,85933,8135],{"class":236},[43,85935,67],{"class":53},[14,85937,85938],{},"Fix it by:",[150,85940,85941,85944],{},[153,85942,85943],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[153,85945,85946,85947],{},"or using ",[18,85948,82995],{},[34,85950,85952],{"className":36,"code":85951,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[18,85953,85954,85962],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,85955,85956,85958,85960],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,85957,8104],{"class":207},[43,85959,212],{"class":211},[43,85961,8164],{"class":53},[43,85963,85964,85966,85968,85970,85972,85974,85976,85978,85980,85982,85985,85987],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,85965,50],{"class":49},[43,85967,54],{"class":53},[43,85969,84719],{"class":49},[43,85971,54],{"class":53},[43,85973,8135],{"class":236},[43,85975,800],{"class":53},[43,85977,26847],{"class":9491},[43,85979,212],{"class":211},[43,85981,82],{"class":81},[43,85983,85984],{"class":85},"no items",[43,85986,82],{"class":81},[43,85988,67],{"class":53},[402,85990,85992],{"id":85991},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[14,85994,85995],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[34,85997,85999],{"className":36,"code":85998,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[18,86000,86001,86025],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86002,86003,86005,86007,86009,86011,86013,86015,86017,86019,86021,86023],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86004,9481],{"class":207},[43,86006,212],{"class":211},[43,86008,3942],{"class":53},[43,86010,512],{"class":63},[43,86012,800],{"class":53},[43,86014,932],{"class":81},[43,86016,16076],{"class":85},[43,86018,82],{"class":81},[43,86020,800],{"class":53},[43,86022,4929],{"class":63},[43,86024,3955],{"class":53},[43,86026,86027,86029,86031,86033,86035,86037],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,86028,50],{"class":49},[43,86030,54],{"class":53},[43,86032,84719],{"class":49},[43,86034,54],{"class":53},[43,86036,9520],{"class":236},[43,86038,67],{"class":53},[14,86040,110],{},[34,86042,86044],{"className":36,"code":86043,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"TypeError\n",[18,86045,86046],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86047,86048],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86049,86043],{"class":57},[14,86051,86052],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[14,86054,86055,86056,315],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[18,86057,84294],{},[34,86059,86061],{"className":36,"code":86060,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,86062,86063,86087,86113],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86064,86065,86067,86069,86071,86073,86075,86077,86079,86081,86083,86085],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86066,9481],{"class":207},[43,86068,212],{"class":211},[43,86070,3942],{"class":53},[43,86072,512],{"class":63},[43,86074,800],{"class":53},[43,86076,932],{"class":81},[43,86078,16076],{"class":85},[43,86080,82],{"class":81},[43,86082,800],{"class":53},[43,86084,4929],{"class":63},[43,86086,3955],{"class":53},[43,86088,86089,86091,86093,86095,86097,86099,86101,86103,86105,86107,86109,86111],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,86090,3937],{"class":207},[43,86092,212],{"class":211},[43,86094,3942],{"class":53},[43,86096,2069],{"class":57},[43,86098,54],{"class":53},[43,86100,2519],{"class":236},[43,86102,1221],{"class":53},[43,86104,4197],{"class":1927},[43,86106,4200],{"class":207},[43,86108,4203],{"class":1927},[43,86110,14888],{"class":207},[43,86112,3955],{"class":53},[43,86114,86115,86117,86119,86121,86123,86125],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,86116,50],{"class":49},[43,86118,54],{"class":53},[43,86120,84719],{"class":49},[43,86122,54],{"class":53},[43,86124,3969],{"class":236},[43,86126,67],{"class":53},[14,86128,110],{},[34,86130,86131],{"className":36,"code":3274,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,86132,86133],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86134,86135],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86136,3274],{"class":63},[14,86138,86139,86140,315],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[18,86141,823],{},[402,86143,86145],{"id":86144},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[14,86147,86148],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[34,86150,86152],{"className":36,"code":86151,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,86153,86154,86186],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86155,86156,86158,86160,86162,86164,86166,86168,86170,86172,86174,86176,86178,86180,86182,86184],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86157,4392],{"class":207},[43,86159,212],{"class":211},[43,86161,3942],{"class":53},[43,86163,82],{"class":81},[43,86165,79619],{"class":85},[43,86167,82],{"class":81},[43,86169,800],{"class":53},[43,86171,932],{"class":81},[43,86173,57825],{"class":85},[43,86175,82],{"class":81},[43,86177,800],{"class":53},[43,86179,932],{"class":81},[43,86181,79636],{"class":85},[43,86183,82],{"class":81},[43,86185,3955],{"class":53},[43,86187,86188,86190,86192,86194,86196,86198],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,86189,50],{"class":49},[43,86191,54],{"class":53},[43,86193,84719],{"class":49},[43,86195,54],{"class":53},[43,86197,4436],{"class":236},[43,86199,67],{"class":53},[14,86201,110],{},[34,86203,86204],{"className":36,"code":85415,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,86205,86206],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86207,86208],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86209,85415],{"class":207},[14,86211,86212],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[34,86214,86216],{"className":36,"code":86215,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[18,86217,86218,86250],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86219,86220,86222,86224,86226,86228,86230,86232,86234,86236,86238,86240,86242,86244,86246,86248],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86221,4392],{"class":207},[43,86223,212],{"class":211},[43,86225,3942],{"class":53},[43,86227,82],{"class":81},[43,86229,79619],{"class":85},[43,86231,82],{"class":81},[43,86233,800],{"class":53},[43,86235,932],{"class":81},[43,86237,57825],{"class":85},[43,86239,82],{"class":81},[43,86241,800],{"class":53},[43,86243,932],{"class":81},[43,86245,79636],{"class":85},[43,86247,82],{"class":81},[43,86249,3955],{"class":53},[43,86251,86252,86254,86256,86258,86260,86262,86264,86266,86268,86270,86272,86274],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,86253,50],{"class":49},[43,86255,54],{"class":53},[43,86257,84719],{"class":49},[43,86259,54],{"class":53},[43,86261,4436],{"class":236},[43,86263,800],{"class":53},[43,86265,21902],{"class":9491},[43,86267,212],{"class":211},[43,86269,1038],{"class":57},[43,86271,315],{"class":53},[43,86273,8959],{"class":25074},[43,86275,67],{"class":53},[14,86277,110],{},[34,86279,86280],{"className":36,"code":85415,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,86281,86282],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86283,86284],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86285,85415],{"class":207},[14,86287,86288],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[29,86290,5284,86292],{"id":86291},"when-to-use-min",[18,86293,84294],{},[14,86295,133,86296,10916],{},[18,86297,84294],{},[150,86299,86300,86303,86308],{},[153,86301,86302],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[153,86304,86305,86306],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[18,86307,15163],{},[153,86309,86310],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[14,86312,133,86313,86317],{},[189,86314,86315],{"href":74580},[18,86316,74483],{}," if you need all items in order.",[14,86319,133,86320,86325],{},[189,86321,86323],{"href":86322},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[18,86324,82640],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[29,86327,3160],{"id":3159},[14,86329,84299],{},[150,86331,86332,86340,86343,86348,86355],{},[153,86333,86334,86335,86337,86338],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[18,86336,84294],{}," without using ",[18,86339,82995],{},[153,86341,86342],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[153,86344,8773,86345,86347],{},[18,86346,84294],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[153,86349,1572,86350,86352,86353,85456],{},[18,86351,15163],{}," affects comparison but ",[18,86354,84294],{},[153,86356,8738,86357,86359],{},[18,86358,82995],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[14,86361,86362,86363,86365],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[18,86364,84294],{},", these quick checks can help:",[34,86367,86369],{"className":36,"code":86368,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,86370,86371,86385,86395,86409,86423,86445],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86372,86373,86375,86377,86379,86381,86383],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86374,50],{"class":49},[43,86376,54],{"class":53},[43,86378,248],{"class":57},[43,86380,54],{"class":53},[43,86382,9520],{"class":236},[43,86384,67],{"class":53},[43,86386,86387,86389,86391,86393],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,86388,50],{"class":49},[43,86390,54],{"class":53},[43,86392,9520],{"class":236},[43,86394,227],{"class":53},[43,86396,86397,86399,86401,86403,86405,86407],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,86398,50],{"class":49},[43,86400,54],{"class":53},[43,86402,11477],{"class":49},[43,86404,54],{"class":53},[43,86406,9520],{"class":236},[43,86408,67],{"class":53},[43,86410,86411,86413,86415,86417,86419,86421],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,86412,50],{"class":49},[43,86414,54],{"class":53},[43,86416,84719],{"class":49},[43,86418,54],{"class":53},[43,86420,9520],{"class":236},[43,86422,67],{"class":53},[43,86424,86425,86427,86429,86431,86433,86435,86437,86439,86441,86443],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,86426,50],{"class":49},[43,86428,54],{"class":53},[43,86430,84719],{"class":49},[43,86432,54],{"class":53},[43,86434,9520],{"class":236},[43,86436,800],{"class":53},[43,86438,26847],{"class":9491},[43,86440,212],{"class":211},[43,86442,4099],{"class":104},[43,86444,67],{"class":53},[43,86446,86447,86449,86451,86453,86455,86457,86459,86461,86463,86465],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,86448,50],{"class":49},[43,86450,54],{"class":53},[43,86452,84719],{"class":49},[43,86454,54],{"class":53},[43,86456,4436],{"class":236},[43,86458,800],{"class":53},[43,86460,21902],{"class":9491},[43,86462,212],{"class":211},[43,86464,11477],{"class":49},[43,86466,67],{"class":53},[14,86468,86469,86470,86473,86474,86476],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[18,86471,86472],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[18,86475,9520],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[29,86478,2162],{"id":2161},[402,86480,5466,86482,5469],{"id":86481},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[18,86483,84294],{},[14,86485,86486],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[402,86488,5493,86490,84475],{"id":86489},"can-min-work-with-strings",[18,86491,84294],{},[14,86493,86494],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[402,86496,71705],{"id":71704},[14,86498,86499,52550,86501,84487,86503,36946],{},[18,86500,84294],{},[18,86502,690],{},[18,86504,82995],{},[402,86506,5466,86508,86510,86511,2822],{"id":86507},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[18,86509,15163],{}," do in ",[18,86512,84294],{},[14,86514,86515,86517,86518,86520],{},[18,86516,15163],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[18,86519,83548],{}," compares strings by length.",[402,86522,5503,86524,895,86526,2822],{"id":86523},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[18,86525,84294],{},[18,86527,74483],{},[14,86529,86530,86532,86533,86535],{},[18,86531,84294],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[18,86534,74483],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[29,86537,2229],{"id":2228},[150,86539,86540,86546,86552,86558,86562,86566],{},[153,86541,86542],{},[189,86543,86544,3827],{"href":86322},[18,86545,82640],{},[153,86547,86548],{},[189,86549,86550,3827],{"href":74580},[18,86551,74483],{},[153,86553,86554],{},[189,86555,86556,3827],{"href":42409},[18,86557,42412],{},[153,86559,86560],{},[189,86561,79932],{"href":78435},[153,86563,86564],{},[189,86565,59013],{"href":59012},[153,86567,86568],{},[189,86569,65898],{"href":72937},[2262,86571,86572],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":86574},[86575,86576,86578,86584,86586,86588,86593,86595,86601,86603,86604,86615],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":84778,"depth":70,"text":86577},"What min() does",{"id":84799,"depth":70,"text":84800,"children":86579},[86580,86581,86582,86583],{"id":84884,"depth":93,"text":84887},{"id":84946,"depth":93,"text":84949},{"id":84996,"depth":93,"text":84999},{"id":85090,"depth":93,"text":85093},{"id":85152,"depth":70,"text":86585},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85287,"depth":70,"text":86587},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85434,"depth":70,"text":86589,"children":86590},"Using min() with a key function",[86591,86592],{"id":85462,"depth":93,"text":85463},{"id":85537,"depth":93,"text":85538},{"id":85759,"depth":70,"text":86594},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":11058,"depth":70,"text":11059,"children":86596},[86597,86599,86600],{"id":85901,"depth":93,"text":86598},"Empty list without default",{"id":85991,"depth":93,"text":85992},{"id":86144,"depth":93,"text":86145},{"id":86291,"depth":70,"text":86602},"When to use min()",{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":86605},[86606,86608,86610,86611,86613],{"id":86481,"depth":93,"text":86607},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86489,"depth":93,"text":86609},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71704,"depth":93,"text":71705},{"id":86507,"depth":93,"text":86612},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86523,"depth":93,"text":86614},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84661,"description":86616},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86623,"title":86624,"body":86625,"description":88804,"extension":2312,"meta":88805,"navigation":958,"path":88806,"seo":88807,"stem":88808,"__hash__":88809},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86626,"toc":88768},[86627,86630,86636,86642,86644,86725,86734,86738,86743,86745,86790,86792,86872,86878,86880,86883,86915,86917,86935,86937,87010,87012,87031,87035,87038,87074,87076,87143,87217,87290,87295,87299,87305,87308,87325,87328,87330,87391,87393,87413,87419,87423,87426,87496,87499,87518,87523,87599,87602,87606,87612,87616,87621,87691,87695,87700,87774,87778,87781,87856,87867,87871,87876,87966,87971,88039,88042,88061,88072,88076,88079,88084,88087,88149,88152,88163,88168,88171,88174,88179,88182,88185,88189,88192,88198,88201,88212,88214,88276,88291,88297,88300,88303,88314,88325,88331,88334,88336,88398,88408,88414,88419,88425,88429,88435,88438,88459,88461,88466,88493,88496,88523,88526,88565,88568,88606,88609,88670,88673,88675,88679,88682,88686,88692,88700,88708,88712,88715,88719,88725,88727,88765],[10,86628,86624],{"id":86629},"python-open-function-explained",[14,86631,86632,86635],{},[18,86633,86634],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[14,86637,86638,86639,86641],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[18,86640,86634],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[29,86643,32],{"id":31},[34,86645,86647],{"className":36,"code":86646,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[18,86648,86649,86698,86714],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86650,86651,86654,86657,86659,86661,86664,86666,86668,86670,86672,86674,86676,86679,86681,86683,86686,86688,86690,86692,86696],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86652,86653],{"class":1927},"with",[43,86655,86656],{"class":49}," open",[43,86658,54],{"class":53},[43,86660,82],{"class":81},[43,86662,86663],{"class":85},"example.txt",[43,86665,82],{"class":81},[43,86667,800],{"class":53},[43,86669,932],{"class":81},[43,86671,60563],{"class":85},[43,86673,82],{"class":81},[43,86675,800],{"class":53},[43,86677,86678],{"class":9491}," encoding",[43,86680,212],{"class":211},[43,86682,82],{"class":81},[43,86684,86685],{"class":85},"utf-8",[43,86687,82],{"class":81},[43,86689,1221],{"class":53},[43,86691,47411],{"class":1927},[43,86693,86695],{"class":86694},"sMMDD"," file",[43,86697,1931],{"class":53},[43,86699,86700,86703,86705,86707,86709,86712],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,86701,86702],{"class":207},"    content ",[43,86704,212],{"class":211},[43,86706,86695],{"class":86694},[43,86708,315],{"class":53},[43,86710,86711],{"class":236},"read",[43,86713,1728],{"class":53},[43,86715,86716,86718,86720,86723],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,86717,1951],{"class":49},[43,86719,54],{"class":53},[43,86721,86722],{"class":236},"content",[43,86724,227],{"class":53},[14,86726,133,86727,86729,86730,86733],{},[18,86728,86653],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[18,86731,86732],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[29,86735,86737],{"id":86736},"what-open-does","What open() does",[14,86739,86740,86742],{},[18,86741,86634],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[14,86744,11775],{},[150,86746,86747,86750,86755,86760],{},[153,86748,86749],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[153,86751,911,86752,86754],{},[913,86753,734],{}," read or write anything by itself",[153,86756,17743,86757],{},[913,86758,86759],{},"file object",[153,86761,86762,86763],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[150,86764,86765,86770,86775,86780,86785],{},[153,86766,86767],{},[18,86768,86769],{},"read()",[153,86771,86772],{},[18,86773,86774],{},"readline()",[153,86776,86777],{},[18,86778,86779],{},"readlines()",[153,86781,86782],{},[18,86783,86784],{},"write()",[153,86786,86787],{},[18,86788,86789],{},"close()",[14,86791,197],{},[34,86793,86795],{"className":36,"code":86794,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[18,86796,86797,86836,86851,86861],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86798,86799,86802,86804,86806,86808,86810,86812,86814,86816,86818,86820,86822,86824,86826,86828,86830,86832,86834],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86800,86801],{"class":86694},"file",[43,86803,13597],{"class":211},[43,86805,86656],{"class":49},[43,86807,54],{"class":53},[43,86809,82],{"class":81},[43,86811,86663],{"class":85},[43,86813,82],{"class":81},[43,86815,800],{"class":53},[43,86817,932],{"class":81},[43,86819,60563],{"class":85},[43,86821,82],{"class":81},[43,86823,800],{"class":53},[43,86825,86678],{"class":9491},[43,86827,212],{"class":211},[43,86829,82],{"class":81},[43,86831,86685],{"class":85},[43,86833,82],{"class":81},[43,86835,227],{"class":53},[43,86837,86838,86841,86843,86845,86847,86849],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,86839,86840],{"class":207},"content ",[43,86842,212],{"class":211},[43,86844,86695],{"class":86694},[43,86846,315],{"class":53},[43,86848,86711],{"class":236},[43,86850,1728],{"class":53},[43,86852,86853,86855,86857,86859],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,86854,50],{"class":49},[43,86856,54],{"class":53},[43,86858,86722],{"class":236},[43,86860,227],{"class":53},[43,86862,86863,86865,86867,86870],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,86864,86801],{"class":86694},[43,86866,315],{"class":53},[43,86868,86869],{"class":236},"close",[43,86871,1728],{"class":53},[14,86873,86874,86875,86877],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[18,86876,86653],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[29,86879,290],{"id":289},[14,86881,86882],{},"A common form is:",[34,86884,86886],{"className":36,"code":86885,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[18,86887,86888],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86889,86890,86892,86894,86896,86898,86901,86903,86905,86907,86909,86911,86913],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86891,42478],{"class":49},[43,86893,54],{"class":53},[43,86895,86801],{"class":86694},[43,86897,800],{"class":53},[43,86899,86900],{"class":236}," mode",[43,86902,800],{"class":53},[43,86904,86678],{"class":9491},[43,86906,212],{"class":211},[43,86908,82],{"class":81},[43,86910,86685],{"class":85},[43,86912,82],{"class":81},[43,86914,227],{"class":53},[14,86916,65104],{},[150,86918,86919,86924,86929],{},[153,86920,86921,86923],{},[18,86922,86801],{}," is the file name or file path",[153,86925,86926,86928],{},[18,86927,21242],{}," controls how the file is opened",[153,86930,86931,86934],{},[18,86932,86933],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[14,86936,197],{},[34,86938,86940],{"className":36,"code":86939,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[18,86941,86942,86985,87000],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,86943,86944,86946,86948,86950,86952,86955,86957,86959,86961,86963,86965,86967,86969,86971,86973,86975,86977,86979,86981,86983],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,86945,86653],{"class":1927},[43,86947,86656],{"class":49},[43,86949,54],{"class":53},[43,86951,82],{"class":81},[43,86953,86954],{"class":85},"notes.txt",[43,86956,82],{"class":81},[43,86958,800],{"class":53},[43,86960,932],{"class":81},[43,86962,60563],{"class":85},[43,86964,82],{"class":81},[43,86966,800],{"class":53},[43,86968,86678],{"class":9491},[43,86970,212],{"class":211},[43,86972,82],{"class":81},[43,86974,86685],{"class":85},[43,86976,82],{"class":81},[43,86978,1221],{"class":53},[43,86980,47411],{"class":1927},[43,86982,86695],{"class":86694},[43,86984,1931],{"class":53},[43,86986,86987,86990,86992,86994,86996,86998],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,86988,86989],{"class":207},"    text ",[43,86991,212],{"class":211},[43,86993,86695],{"class":86694},[43,86995,315],{"class":53},[43,86997,86711],{"class":236},[43,86999,1728],{"class":53},[43,87001,87002,87004,87006,87008],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,87003,1951],{"class":49},[43,87005,54],{"class":53},[43,87007,951],{"class":236},[43,87009,227],{"class":53},[14,87011,20280],{},[150,87013,87014,87020,87025],{},[153,87015,87016,87019],{},[18,87017,87018],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[153,87021,87022,87024],{},[18,87023,86732],{}," means open for reading",[153,87026,87027,87030],{},[18,87028,87029],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[29,87032,87034],{"id":87033},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[14,87036,87037],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[150,87039,87040,87045,87051,87056,87062,87068],{},[153,87041,87042,87044],{},[18,87043,86732],{}," = read a text file",[153,87046,87047,87050],{},[18,87048,87049],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[153,87052,87053,87055],{},[18,87054,18418],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[153,87057,87058,87061],{},[18,87059,87060],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[153,87063,87064,87067],{},[18,87065,87066],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[153,87069,87070,87073],{},[18,87071,87072],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[14,87075,2472],{},[34,87077,87079],{"className":36,"code":87078,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,87080,87081,87086,87129],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,87082,87083],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,87084,87085],{"class":3984},"# Read a text file\n",[43,87087,87088,87090,87092,87094,87096,87099,87101,87103,87105,87107,87109,87111,87113,87115,87117,87119,87121,87123,87125,87127],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,87089,86653],{"class":1927},[43,87091,86656],{"class":49},[43,87093,54],{"class":53},[43,87095,82],{"class":81},[43,87097,87098],{"class":85},"data.txt",[43,87100,82],{"class":81},[43,87102,800],{"class":53},[43,87104,932],{"class":81},[43,87106,60563],{"class":85},[43,87108,82],{"class":81},[43,87110,800],{"class":53},[43,87112,86678],{"class":9491},[43,87114,212],{"class":211},[43,87116,82],{"class":81},[43,87118,86685],{"class":85},[43,87120,82],{"class":81},[43,87122,1221],{"class":53},[43,87124,47411],{"class":1927},[43,87126,86695],{"class":86694},[43,87128,1931],{"class":53},[43,87130,87131,87133,87135,87137,87139,87141],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,87132,1951],{"class":49},[43,87134,54],{"class":53},[43,87136,86801],{"class":86694},[43,87138,315],{"class":53},[43,87140,86711],{"class":236},[43,87142,341],{"class":53},[34,87144,87146],{"className":36,"code":87145,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[18,87147,87148,87153,87195],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,87149,87150],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,87151,87152],{"class":3984},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[43,87154,87155,87157,87159,87161,87163,87165,87167,87169,87171,87173,87175,87177,87179,87181,87183,87185,87187,87189,87191,87193],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,87156,86653],{"class":1927},[43,87158,86656],{"class":49},[43,87160,54],{"class":53},[43,87162,82],{"class":81},[43,87164,87098],{"class":85},[43,87166,82],{"class":81},[43,87168,800],{"class":53},[43,87170,932],{"class":81},[43,87172,60546],{"class":85},[43,87174,82],{"class":81},[43,87176,800],{"class":53},[43,87178,86678],{"class":9491},[43,87180,212],{"class":211},[43,87182,82],{"class":81},[43,87184,86685],{"class":85},[43,87186,82],{"class":81},[43,87188,1221],{"class":53},[43,87190,47411],{"class":1927},[43,87192,86695],{"class":86694},[43,87194,1931],{"class":53},[43,87196,87197,87200,87202,87204,87206,87208,87210,87213,87215],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,87198,87199],{"class":86694},"    file",[43,87201,315],{"class":53},[43,87203,70254],{"class":236},[43,87205,54],{"class":53},[43,87207,82],{"class":81},[43,87209,35189],{"class":85},[43,87211,87212],{"class":34776},"\\n",[43,87214,82],{"class":81},[43,87216,227],{"class":53},[34,87218,87220],{"className":36,"code":87219,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[18,87221,87222,87227,87269],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,87223,87224],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,87225,87226],{"class":3984},"# Append to a text file\n",[43,87228,87229,87231,87233,87235,87237,87239,87241,87243,87245,87247,87249,87251,87253,87255,87257,87259,87261,87263,87265,87267],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,87230,86653],{"class":1927},[43,87232,86656],{"class":49},[43,87234,54],{"class":53},[43,87236,82],{"class":81},[43,87238,87098],{"class":85},[43,87240,82],{"class":81},[43,87242,800],{"class":53},[43,87244,932],{"class":81},[43,87246,189],{"class":85},[43,87248,82],{"class":81},[43,87250,800],{"class":53},[43,87252,86678],{"class":9491},[43,87254,212],{"class":211},[43,87256,82],{"class":81},[43,87258,86685],{"class":85},[43,87260,82],{"class":81},[43,87262,1221],{"class":53},[43,87264,47411],{"class":1927},[43,87266,86695],{"class":86694},[43,87268,1931],{"class":53},[43,87270,87271,87273,87275,87277,87279,87281,87284,87286,87288],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,87272,87199],{"class":86694},[43,87274,315],{"class":53},[43,87276,70254],{"class":236},[43,87278,54],{"class":53},[43,87280,82],{"class":81},[43,87282,87283],{"class":85},"Another line",[43,87285,87212],{"class":34776},[43,87287,82],{"class":81},[43,87289,227],{"class":53},[14,87291,69406,87292,87294],{},[18,87293,87049],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[29,87296,87298],{"id":87297},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[14,87300,87301,22298,87303,315],{},[18,87302,86634],{},[913,87304,86759],{},[14,87306,87307],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[150,87309,87310,87315,87320],{},[153,87311,87312],{},[18,87313,87314],{},"file.read()",[153,87316,87317],{},[18,87318,87319],{},"file.write()",[153,87321,87322],{},[18,87323,87324],{},"file.close()",[14,87326,87327],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[14,87329,197],{},[34,87331,87333],{"className":36,"code":87332,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[18,87334,87335,87377],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,87336,87337,87339,87341,87343,87345,87347,87349,87351,87353,87355,87357,87359,87361,87363,87365,87367,87369,87371,87373,87375],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,87338,86653],{"class":1927},[43,87340,86656],{"class":49},[43,87342,54],{"class":53},[43,87344,82],{"class":81},[43,87346,86663],{"class":85},[43,87348,82],{"class":81},[43,87350,800],{"class":53},[43,87352,932],{"class":81},[43,87354,60563],{"class":85},[43,87356,82],{"class":81},[43,87358,800],{"class":53},[43,87360,86678],{"class":9491},[43,87362,212],{"class":211},[43,87364,82],{"class":81},[43,87366,86685],{"class":85},[43,87368,82],{"class":81},[43,87370,1221],{"class":53},[43,87372,47411],{"class":1927},[43,87374,86695],{"class":86694},[43,87376,1931],{"class":53},[43,87378,87379,87381,87383,87385,87387,87389],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,87380,1951],{"class":49},[43,87382,54],{"class":53},[43,87384,248],{"class":57},[43,87386,54],{"class":53},[43,87388,86801],{"class":86694},[43,87390,67],{"class":53},[14,87392,30350],{},[34,87394,87396],{"className":36,"code":87395,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[18,87397,87398],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,87399,87400,87402,87404,87406,87409,87411],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,87401,271],{"class":211},[43,87403,275],{"class":274},[43,87405,278],{"class":81},[43,87407,87408],{"class":85},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[43,87410,283],{"class":81},[43,87412,286],{"class":211},[14,87414,87415,87416,87418],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[18,87417,86634],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[29,87420,87422],{"id":87421},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[14,87424,87425],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[34,87427,87428],{"className":36,"code":86646,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,87429,87430,87472,87486],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,87431,87432,87434,87436,87438,87440,87442,87444,87446,87448,87450,87452,87454,87456,87458,87460,87462,87464,87466,87468,87470],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,87433,86653],{"class":1927},[43,87435,86656],{"class":49},[43,87437,54],{"class":53},[43,87439,82],{"class":81},[43,87441,86663],{"class":85},[43,87443,82],{"class":81},[43,87445,800],{"class":53},[43,87447,932],{"class":81},[43,87449,60563],{"class":85},[43,87451,82],{"class":81},[43,87453,800],{"class":53},[43,87455,86678],{"class":9491},[43,87457,212],{"class":211},[43,87459,82],{"class":81},[43,87461,86685],{"class":85},[43,87463,82],{"class":81},[43,87465,1221],{"class":53},[43,87467,47411],{"class":1927},[43,87469,86695],{"class":86694},[43,87471,1931],{"class":53},[43,87473,87474,87476,87478,87480,87482,87484],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,87475,86702],{"class":207},[43,87477,212],{"class":211},[43,87479,86695],{"class":86694},[43,87481,315],{"class":53},[43,87483,86711],{"class":236},[43,87485,1728],{"class":53},[43,87487,87488,87490,87492,87494],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,87489,1951],{"class":49},[43,87491,54],{"class":53},[43,87493,86722],{"class":236},[43,87495,227],{"class":53},[14,87497,87498],{},"Why this is recommended:",[150,87500,87501,87506,87512,87515],{},[153,87502,87503,87505],{},[18,87504,86653],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[153,87507,87508,87509,87511],{},"It is safer than calling ",[18,87510,86789],{}," yourself",[153,87513,87514],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[153,87516,87517],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[14,87519,83811,87520,87522],{},[18,87521,86653],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[34,87524,87525],{"className":36,"code":86794,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,87526,87527,87565,87579,87589],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,87528,87529,87531,87533,87535,87537,87539,87541,87543,87545,87547,87549,87551,87553,87555,87557,87559,87561,87563],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,87530,86801],{"class":86694},[43,87532,13597],{"class":211},[43,87534,86656],{"class":49},[43,87536,54],{"class":53},[43,87538,82],{"class":81},[43,87540,86663],{"class":85},[43,87542,82],{"class":81},[43,87544,800],{"class":53},[43,87546,932],{"class":81},[43,87548,60563],{"class":85},[43,87550,82],{"class":81},[43,87552,800],{"class":53},[43,87554,86678],{"class":9491},[43,87556,212],{"class":211},[43,87558,82],{"class":81},[43,87560,86685],{"class":85},[43,87562,82],{"class":81},[43,87564,227],{"class":53},[43,87566,87567,87569,87571,87573,87575,87577],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,87568,86840],{"class":207},[43,87570,212],{"class":211},[43,87572,86695],{"class":86694},[43,87574,315],{"class":53},[43,87576,86711],{"class":236},[43,87578,1728],{"class":53},[43,87580,87581,87583,87585,87587],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,87582,50],{"class":49},[43,87584,54],{"class":53},[43,87586,86722],{"class":236},[43,87588,227],{"class":53},[43,87590,87591,87593,87595,87597],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,87592,86801],{"class":86694},[43,87594,315],{"class":53},[43,87596,86869],{"class":236},[43,87598,1728],{"class":53},[14,87600,87601],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[29,87603,87605],{"id":87604},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[14,87607,87608,87609,87611],{},"Use mode ",[18,87610,86732],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[402,87613,87615],{"id":87614},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[14,87617,87618,87620],{},[18,87619,86769],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[34,87622,87623],{"className":36,"code":86646,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,87624,87625,87667,87681],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,87626,87627,87629,87631,87633,87635,87637,87639,87641,87643,87645,87647,87649,87651,87653,87655,87657,87659,87661,87663,87665],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,87628,86653],{"class":1927},[43,87630,86656],{"class":49},[43,87632,54],{"class":53},[43,87634,82],{"class":81},[43,87636,86663],{"class":85},[43,87638,82],{"class":81},[43,87640,800],{"class":53},[43,87642,932],{"class":81},[43,87644,60563],{"class":85},[43,87646,82],{"class":81},[43,87648,800],{"class":53},[43,87650,86678],{"class":9491},[43,87652,212],{"class":211},[43,87654,82],{"class":81},[43,87656,86685],{"class":85},[43,87658,82],{"class":81},[43,87660,1221],{"class":53},[43,87662,47411],{"class":1927},[43,87664,86695],{"class":86694},[43,87666,1931],{"class":53},[43,87668,87669,87671,87673,87675,87677,87679],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,87670,86702],{"class":207},[43,87672,212],{"class":211},[43,87674,86695],{"class":86694},[43,87676,315],{"class":53},[43,87678,86711],{"class":236},[43,87680,1728],{"class":53},[43,87682,87683,87685,87687,87689],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,87684,1951],{"class":49},[43,87686,54],{"class":53},[43,87688,86722],{"class":236},[43,87690,227],{"class":53},[402,87692,87694],{"id":87693},"read-one-line","Read one line",[14,87696,87697,87699],{},[18,87698,86774],{}," reads one line at a time.",[34,87701,87703],{"className":36,"code":87702,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[18,87704,87705,87747,87763],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,87706,87707,87709,87711,87713,87715,87717,87719,87721,87723,87725,87727,87729,87731,87733,87735,87737,87739,87741,87743,87745],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,87708,86653],{"class":1927},[43,87710,86656],{"class":49},[43,87712,54],{"class":53},[43,87714,82],{"class":81},[43,87716,86663],{"class":85},[43,87718,82],{"class":81},[43,87720,800],{"class":53},[43,87722,932],{"class":81},[43,87724,60563],{"class":85},[43,87726,82],{"class":81},[43,87728,800],{"class":53},[43,87730,86678],{"class":9491},[43,87732,212],{"class":211},[43,87734,82],{"class":81},[43,87736,86685],{"class":85},[43,87738,82],{"class":81},[43,87740,1221],{"class":53},[43,87742,47411],{"class":1927},[43,87744,86695],{"class":86694},[43,87746,1931],{"class":53},[43,87748,87749,87752,87754,87756,87758,87761],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,87750,87751],{"class":207},"    first_line ",[43,87753,212],{"class":211},[43,87755,86695],{"class":86694},[43,87757,315],{"class":53},[43,87759,87760],{"class":236},"readline",[43,87762,1728],{"class":53},[43,87764,87765,87767,87769,87772],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,87766,1951],{"class":49},[43,87768,54],{"class":53},[43,87770,87771],{"class":236},"first_line",[43,87773,227],{"class":53},[402,87775,87777],{"id":87776},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[14,87779,87780],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[34,87782,87784],{"className":36,"code":87783,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[18,87785,87786,87828,87842],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,87787,87788,87790,87792,87794,87796,87798,87800,87802,87804,87806,87808,87810,87812,87814,87816,87818,87820,87822,87824,87826],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,87789,86653],{"class":1927},[43,87791,86656],{"class":49},[43,87793,54],{"class":53},[43,87795,82],{"class":81},[43,87797,86663],{"class":85},[43,87799,82],{"class":81},[43,87801,800],{"class":53},[43,87803,932],{"class":81},[43,87805,60563],{"class":85},[43,87807,82],{"class":81},[43,87809,800],{"class":53},[43,87811,86678],{"class":9491},[43,87813,212],{"class":211},[43,87815,82],{"class":81},[43,87817,86685],{"class":85},[43,87819,82],{"class":81},[43,87821,1221],{"class":53},[43,87823,47411],{"class":1927},[43,87825,86695],{"class":86694},[43,87827,1931],{"class":53},[43,87829,87830,87833,87836,87838,87840],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,87831,87832],{"class":1927},"    for",[43,87834,87835],{"class":207}," line ",[43,87837,4203],{"class":1927},[43,87839,86695],{"class":86694},[43,87841,1931],{"class":53},[43,87843,87844,87846,87848,87850,87852,87854],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,87845,47391],{"class":49},[43,87847,54],{"class":53},[43,87849,45],{"class":236},[43,87851,315],{"class":53},[43,87853,1725],{"class":236},[43,87855,341],{"class":53},[14,87857,87858,87859,2172,87863,315],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[189,87860,87862],{"href":87861},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[189,87864,87866],{"href":87865},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[29,87868,87870],{"id":87869},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[14,87872,133,87873,87875],{},[18,87874,87049],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[34,87877,87879],{"className":36,"code":87878,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[18,87880,87881,87924,87945],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,87882,87883,87885,87887,87889,87891,87894,87896,87898,87900,87902,87904,87906,87908,87910,87912,87914,87916,87918,87920,87922],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,87884,86653],{"class":1927},[43,87886,86656],{"class":49},[43,87888,54],{"class":53},[43,87890,82],{"class":81},[43,87892,87893],{"class":85},"output.txt",[43,87895,82],{"class":81},[43,87897,800],{"class":53},[43,87899,932],{"class":81},[43,87901,60546],{"class":85},[43,87903,82],{"class":81},[43,87905,800],{"class":53},[43,87907,86678],{"class":9491},[43,87909,212],{"class":211},[43,87911,82],{"class":81},[43,87913,86685],{"class":85},[43,87915,82],{"class":81},[43,87917,1221],{"class":53},[43,87919,47411],{"class":1927},[43,87921,86695],{"class":86694},[43,87923,1931],{"class":53},[43,87925,87926,87928,87930,87932,87934,87936,87939,87941,87943],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,87927,87199],{"class":86694},[43,87929,315],{"class":53},[43,87931,70254],{"class":236},[43,87933,54],{"class":53},[43,87935,82],{"class":81},[43,87937,87938],{"class":85},"First line",[43,87940,87212],{"class":34776},[43,87942,82],{"class":81},[43,87944,227],{"class":53},[43,87946,87947,87949,87951,87953,87955,87957,87960,87962,87964],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,87948,87199],{"class":86694},[43,87950,315],{"class":53},[43,87952,70254],{"class":236},[43,87954,54],{"class":53},[43,87956,82],{"class":81},[43,87958,87959],{"class":85},"Second line",[43,87961,87212],{"class":34776},[43,87963,82],{"class":81},[43,87965,227],{"class":53},[14,87967,133,87968,87970],{},[18,87969,18418],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[34,87972,87974],{"className":36,"code":87973,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[18,87975,87976,88018],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,87977,87978,87980,87982,87984,87986,87988,87990,87992,87994,87996,87998,88000,88002,88004,88006,88008,88010,88012,88014,88016],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,87979,86653],{"class":1927},[43,87981,86656],{"class":49},[43,87983,54],{"class":53},[43,87985,82],{"class":81},[43,87987,87893],{"class":85},[43,87989,82],{"class":81},[43,87991,800],{"class":53},[43,87993,932],{"class":81},[43,87995,189],{"class":85},[43,87997,82],{"class":81},[43,87999,800],{"class":53},[43,88001,86678],{"class":9491},[43,88003,212],{"class":211},[43,88005,82],{"class":81},[43,88007,86685],{"class":85},[43,88009,82],{"class":81},[43,88011,1221],{"class":53},[43,88013,47411],{"class":1927},[43,88015,86695],{"class":86694},[43,88017,1931],{"class":53},[43,88019,88020,88022,88024,88026,88028,88030,88033,88035,88037],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,88021,87199],{"class":86694},[43,88023,315],{"class":53},[43,88025,70254],{"class":236},[43,88027,54],{"class":53},[43,88029,82],{"class":81},[43,88031,88032],{"class":85},"Third line",[43,88034,87212],{"class":34776},[43,88036,82],{"class":81},[43,88038,227],{"class":53},[14,88040,88041],{},"Important detail:",[150,88043,88044,88049,88056],{},[153,88045,88046,88048],{},[18,88047,86784],{}," writes a string",[153,88050,88051,14375,88053,88055],{},[18,88052,86784],{},[913,88054,734],{}," add a newline for you",[153,88057,88058,88059,87511],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[18,88060,87212],{},[14,88062,88063,88064,2172,88068,315],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[189,88065,88067],{"href":88066},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[189,88069,88071],{"href":88070},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[29,88073,88075],{"id":88074},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[14,88077,88078],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[402,88080,88082],{"id":88081},"encodingutf-8",[18,88083,87029],{},[14,88085,88086],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[34,88088,88090],{"className":36,"code":88089,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88091,88092,88135],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,88093,88094,88096,88098,88100,88102,88105,88107,88109,88111,88113,88115,88117,88119,88121,88123,88125,88127,88129,88131,88133],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,88095,86653],{"class":1927},[43,88097,86656],{"class":49},[43,88099,54],{"class":53},[43,88101,82],{"class":81},[43,88103,88104],{"class":85},"message.txt",[43,88106,82],{"class":81},[43,88108,800],{"class":53},[43,88110,932],{"class":81},[43,88112,60563],{"class":85},[43,88114,82],{"class":81},[43,88116,800],{"class":53},[43,88118,86678],{"class":9491},[43,88120,212],{"class":211},[43,88122,82],{"class":81},[43,88124,86685],{"class":85},[43,88126,82],{"class":81},[43,88128,1221],{"class":53},[43,88130,47411],{"class":1927},[43,88132,86695],{"class":86694},[43,88134,1931],{"class":53},[43,88136,88137,88139,88141,88143,88145,88147],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,88138,1951],{"class":49},[43,88140,54],{"class":53},[43,88142,86801],{"class":86694},[43,88144,315],{"class":53},[43,88146,86711],{"class":236},[43,88148,341],{"class":53},[14,88150,88151],{},"Why it matters:",[150,88153,88154,88157,88160],{},[153,88155,88156],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[153,88158,88159],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[153,88161,88162],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[402,88164,88166],{"id":88165},"newline",[18,88167,88165],{},[14,88169,88170],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[14,88172,88173],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[402,88175,88177],{"id":88176},"buffering",[18,88178,88176],{},[14,88180,88181],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[14,88183,88184],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[29,88186,88188],{"id":88187},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[14,88190,88191],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[402,88193,88195],{"id":88194},"filenotfounderror",[18,88196,88197],{},"FileNotFoundError",[14,88199,88200],{},"This happens when:",[150,88202,88203,88206,88209],{},[153,88204,88205],{},"the file does not exist",[153,88207,88208],{},"the path is wrong",[153,88210,88211],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[14,88213,197],{},[34,88215,88217],{"className":36,"code":88216,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88218,88219,88262],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,88220,88221,88223,88225,88227,88229,88232,88234,88236,88238,88240,88242,88244,88246,88248,88250,88252,88254,88256,88258,88260],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,88222,86653],{"class":1927},[43,88224,86656],{"class":49},[43,88226,54],{"class":53},[43,88228,82],{"class":81},[43,88230,88231],{"class":85},"missing.txt",[43,88233,82],{"class":81},[43,88235,800],{"class":53},[43,88237,932],{"class":81},[43,88239,60563],{"class":85},[43,88241,82],{"class":81},[43,88243,800],{"class":53},[43,88245,86678],{"class":9491},[43,88247,212],{"class":211},[43,88249,82],{"class":81},[43,88251,86685],{"class":85},[43,88253,82],{"class":81},[43,88255,1221],{"class":53},[43,88257,47411],{"class":1927},[43,88259,86695],{"class":86694},[43,88261,1931],{"class":53},[43,88263,88264,88266,88268,88270,88272,88274],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,88265,1951],{"class":49},[43,88267,54],{"class":53},[43,88269,86801],{"class":86694},[43,88271,315],{"class":53},[43,88273,86711],{"class":236},[43,88275,341],{"class":53},[14,88277,88278,88279,895,88287,315],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[189,88280,88282,88283,88286],{"href":88281},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[43,88284,88285],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[189,88288,88290],{"href":88289},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[402,88292,88294],{"id":88293},"permissionerror",[18,88295,88296],{},"PermissionError",[14,88298,88299],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[14,88301,88302],{},"Example causes:",[150,88304,88305,88308,88311],{},[153,88306,88307],{},"the file is protected",[153,88309,88310],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[153,88312,88313],{},"another program is blocking access",[14,88315,88316,88317],{},"Related page: ",[189,88318,88320,88321,88324],{"href":88319},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[43,88322,88323],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[402,88326,88328],{"id":88327},"isadirectoryerror",[18,88329,88330],{},"IsADirectoryError",[14,88332,88333],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[14,88335,197],{},[34,88337,88339],{"className":36,"code":88338,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88340,88341,88384],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,88342,88343,88345,88347,88349,88351,88354,88356,88358,88360,88362,88364,88366,88368,88370,88372,88374,88376,88378,88380,88382],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,88344,86653],{"class":1927},[43,88346,86656],{"class":49},[43,88348,54],{"class":53},[43,88350,82],{"class":81},[43,88352,88353],{"class":85},"my_folder",[43,88355,82],{"class":81},[43,88357,800],{"class":53},[43,88359,932],{"class":81},[43,88361,60563],{"class":85},[43,88363,82],{"class":81},[43,88365,800],{"class":53},[43,88367,86678],{"class":9491},[43,88369,212],{"class":211},[43,88371,82],{"class":81},[43,88373,86685],{"class":85},[43,88375,82],{"class":81},[43,88377,1221],{"class":53},[43,88379,47411],{"class":1927},[43,88381,86695],{"class":86694},[43,88383,1931],{"class":53},[43,88385,88386,88388,88390,88392,88394,88396],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,88387,1951],{"class":49},[43,88389,54],{"class":53},[43,88391,86801],{"class":86694},[43,88393,315],{"class":53},[43,88395,86711],{"class":236},[43,88397,341],{"class":53},[14,88399,88316,88400],{},[189,88401,88403,88404,88407],{"href":88402},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[43,88405,88406],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[402,88409,88411],{"id":88410},"unicodedecodeerror",[18,88412,88413],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[14,88415,88416,88417,315],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[18,88418,86634],{},[14,88420,88316,88421],{},[189,88422,88424],{"href":88423},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[29,88426,88428],{"id":88427},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[14,88430,88431,88432,88434],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[18,88433,86634],{}," function.",[14,88436,88437],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[150,88439,88440,88443,88446,88452],{},[153,88441,88442],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[153,88444,88445],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[153,88447,88448,88449,88451],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[18,88450,86634],{}," itself",[153,88453,88454,88455],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[189,88456,88458],{"href":88457},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[29,88460,3160],{"id":3159},[14,88462,88463,88464,325],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,88465,86634],{},[150,88467,88468,88473,88479,88484,88487,88490],{},[153,88469,8738,88470,88472],{},[18,88471,86732],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[153,88474,88475,88476,88478],{},"Forgetting to use ",[18,88477,86933],{}," for text files",[153,88480,8738,88481,88483],{},[18,88482,87049],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[153,88485,88486],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[153,88488,88489],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[153,88491,88492],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[14,88494,88495],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[34,88497,88499],{"className":36,"code":88498,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[18,88500,88501,88508],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,88502,88503,88505],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,88504,35413],{"class":1927},[43,88506,88507],{"class":207}," os\n",[43,88509,88510,88512,88514,88516,88518,88521],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,88511,50],{"class":49},[43,88513,54],{"class":53},[43,88515,42677],{"class":236},[43,88517,315],{"class":53},[43,88519,88520],{"class":236},"getcwd",[43,88522,341],{"class":53},[14,88524,88525],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[34,88527,88529],{"className":36,"code":88528,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[18,88530,88531,88537],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,88532,88533,88535],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,88534,35413],{"class":1927},[43,88536,88507],{"class":207},[43,88538,88539,88541,88543,88545,88547,88550,88552,88555,88557,88559,88561,88563],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,88540,50],{"class":49},[43,88542,54],{"class":53},[43,88544,42677],{"class":236},[43,88546,315],{"class":53},[43,88548,88549],{"class":25074},"path",[43,88551,315],{"class":53},[43,88553,88554],{"class":236},"exists",[43,88556,54],{"class":53},[43,88558,82],{"class":81},[43,88560,86663],{"class":85},[43,88562,82],{"class":81},[43,88564,67],{"class":53},[14,88566,88567],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[34,88569,88571],{"className":36,"code":88570,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[18,88572,88573,88579],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,88574,88575,88577],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,88576,35413],{"class":1927},[43,88578,88507],{"class":207},[43,88580,88581,88583,88585,88587,88589,88591,88593,88596,88598,88600,88602,88604],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,88582,50],{"class":49},[43,88584,54],{"class":53},[43,88586,42677],{"class":236},[43,88588,315],{"class":53},[43,88590,88549],{"class":25074},[43,88592,315],{"class":53},[43,88594,88595],{"class":236},"isfile",[43,88597,54],{"class":53},[43,88599,82],{"class":81},[43,88601,86663],{"class":85},[43,88603,82],{"class":81},[43,88605,67],{"class":53},[14,88607,88608],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[34,88610,88612],{"className":36,"code":88611,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88613,88614,88656],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,88615,88616,88618,88620,88622,88624,88626,88628,88630,88632,88634,88636,88638,88640,88642,88644,88646,88648,88650,88652,88654],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,88617,86653],{"class":1927},[43,88619,86656],{"class":49},[43,88621,54],{"class":53},[43,88623,82],{"class":81},[43,88625,86663],{"class":85},[43,88627,82],{"class":81},[43,88629,800],{"class":53},[43,88631,932],{"class":81},[43,88633,60563],{"class":85},[43,88635,82],{"class":81},[43,88637,800],{"class":53},[43,88639,86678],{"class":9491},[43,88641,212],{"class":211},[43,88643,82],{"class":81},[43,88645,86685],{"class":85},[43,88647,82],{"class":81},[43,88649,1221],{"class":53},[43,88651,47411],{"class":1927},[43,88653,86695],{"class":86694},[43,88655,1931],{"class":53},[43,88657,88658,88660,88662,88664,88666,88668],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,88659,1951],{"class":49},[43,88661,54],{"class":53},[43,88663,86801],{"class":86694},[43,88665,315],{"class":53},[43,88667,86711],{"class":236},[43,88669,341],{"class":53},[14,88671,88672],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[29,88674,2162],{"id":2161},[402,88676,88678],{"id":88677},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[14,88680,88681],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[402,88683,88685],{"id":88684},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[14,88687,88688,88689,88691],{},"Use it inside a ",[18,88690,86653],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[402,88693,5503,88695,895,88697,88699],{"id":88694},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[18,88696,87049],{},[18,88698,18418],{}," mode?",[14,88701,88702,88704,88705,88707],{},[18,88703,87049],{}," overwrites the file. ",[18,88706,18418],{}," adds new content to the end.",[402,88709,88711],{"id":88710},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[14,88713,88714],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[402,88716,88718],{"id":88717},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[14,88720,88721,88722,88724],{},"It is a good habit. ",[18,88723,87029],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[29,88726,2229],{"id":2228},[150,88728,88729,88733,88737,88741,88745,88749,88753,88759],{},[153,88730,88731],{},[189,88732,87862],{"href":87861},[153,88734,88735],{},[189,88736,88067],{"href":88066},[153,88738,88739],{},[189,88740,88071],{"href":88070},[153,88742,88743],{},[189,88744,87866],{"href":87865},[153,88746,88747],{},[189,88748,88458],{"href":88457},[153,88750,88751],{},[189,88752,88290],{"href":88289},[153,88754,88755],{},[189,88756,88282,88757,88286],{"href":88281},[43,88758,88285],{},[153,88760,88761],{},[189,88762,88320,88763,88324],{"href":88319},[43,88764,88323],{},[2262,88766,88767],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":88769},[88770,88771,88772,88773,88774,88775,88776,88781,88782,88787,88793,88794,88795,88803],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":86736,"depth":70,"text":86737},{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":87033,"depth":70,"text":87034},{"id":87297,"depth":70,"text":87298},{"id":87421,"depth":70,"text":87422},{"id":87604,"depth":70,"text":87605,"children":88777},[88778,88779,88780],{"id":87614,"depth":93,"text":87615},{"id":87693,"depth":93,"text":87694},{"id":87776,"depth":93,"text":87777},{"id":87869,"depth":70,"text":87870},{"id":88074,"depth":70,"text":88075,"children":88783},[88784,88785,88786],{"id":88081,"depth":93,"text":87029},{"id":88165,"depth":93,"text":88165},{"id":88176,"depth":93,"text":88176},{"id":88187,"depth":70,"text":88188,"children":88788},[88789,88790,88791,88792],{"id":88194,"depth":93,"text":88197},{"id":88293,"depth":93,"text":88296},{"id":88327,"depth":93,"text":88330},{"id":88410,"depth":93,"text":88413},{"id":88427,"depth":70,"text":88428},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":88796},[88797,88798,88799,88801,88802],{"id":88677,"depth":93,"text":88678},{"id":88684,"depth":93,"text":88685},{"id":88694,"depth":93,"text":88800},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88710,"depth":93,"text":88711},{"id":88717,"depth":93,"text":88718},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86624,"description":88804},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88811,"title":88812,"body":88813,"description":90808,"extension":2312,"meta":90809,"navigation":958,"path":90810,"seo":90811,"stem":90812,"__hash__":90813},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88814,"toc":90755},[88815,88820,88825,88831,88833,88901,88903,88922,88927,88932,88937,88940,88952,88954,88997,88999,89017,89028,89030,89032,89057,89059,89070,89072,89132,89134,89160,89163,89167,89172,89176,89179,89213,89217,89220,89245,89249,89272,89276,89309,89314,89318,89323,89326,89394,89396,89420,89425,89428,89459,89461,89493,89510,89514,89519,89543,89550,89555,89560,89563,89567,89602,89604,89613,89617,89708,89710,89741,89746,89753,89758,89767,89770,89804,89806,89820,89824,89865,89867,89876,89880,89928,89930,89944,89949,89960,89967,89973,89975,90010,90012,90026,90029,90051,90057,90086,90097,90103,90109,90123,90125,90204,90206,90256,90263,90265,90270,90274,90277,90292,90297,90299,90318,90324,90327,90342,90344,90362,90368,90373,90403,90406,90429,90432,90459,90466,90472,90480,90503,90508,90516,90518,90538,90542,90548,90598,90601,90623,90625,90631,90639,90645,90651,90659,90664,90668,90671,90694,90699,90706,90718,90720,90752],[10,88816,3894,88818,3898],{"id":88817},"python-print-function-explained",[18,88819,46505],{},[14,88821,32639,88822,88824],{},[18,88823,46505],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[14,88826,88827,88828,88830],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[18,88829,46505],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[29,88832,32],{"id":31},[34,88834,88836],{"className":36,"code":88835,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[18,88837,88838,88850,88859,88863,88873,88883],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,88839,88840,88842,88844,88846,88848],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,88841,8202],{"class":207},[43,88843,212],{"class":211},[43,88845,932],{"class":81},[43,88847,8247],{"class":85},[43,88849,938],{"class":81},[43,88851,88852,88854,88856],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,88853,21951],{"class":207},[43,88855,212],{"class":211},[43,88857,88858],{"class":63}," 12\n",[43,88860,88861],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,88862,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,88864,88865,88867,88869,88871],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,88866,50],{"class":49},[43,88868,54],{"class":53},[43,88870,7992],{"class":236},[43,88872,227],{"class":53},[43,88874,88875,88877,88879,88881],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,88876,50],{"class":49},[43,88878,54],{"class":53},[43,88880,9615],{"class":236},[43,88882,227],{"class":53},[43,88884,88885,88887,88889,88891,88893,88895,88897,88899],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,88886,50],{"class":49},[43,88888,54],{"class":53},[43,88890,82],{"class":81},[43,88892,35189],{"class":85},[43,88894,82],{"class":81},[43,88896,800],{"class":53},[43,88898,36315],{"class":236},[43,88900,227],{"class":53},[14,88902,110],{},[34,88904,88906],{"className":36,"code":88905,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[18,88907,88908,88913,88917],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,88909,88910],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,88911,88912],{"class":207},"Mia\n",[43,88914,88915],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,88916,2567],{"class":63},[43,88918,88919],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,88920,88921],{"class":207},"Hello Mia\n",[14,88923,133,88924,88926],{},[18,88925,46505],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[29,88928,3998,88930,4001],{"id":88929},"what-print-does",[18,88931,46505],{},[14,88933,88934,88936],{},[18,88935,46505],{}," sends output to the screen.",[14,88938,88939],{},"You can use it to display:",[150,88941,88942,88944,88946,88949],{},[153,88943,951],{},[153,88945,3969],{},[153,88947,88948],{},"variables",[153,88950,88951],{},"expressions",[14,88953,197],{},[34,88955,88957],{"className":36,"code":88956,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[18,88958,88959,88973,88983],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,88960,88961,88963,88965,88967,88969,88971],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,88962,50],{"class":49},[43,88964,54],{"class":53},[43,88966,82],{"class":81},[43,88968,35189],{"class":85},[43,88970,82],{"class":81},[43,88972,227],{"class":53},[43,88974,88975,88977,88979,88981],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,88976,50],{"class":49},[43,88978,54],{"class":53},[43,88980,64],{"class":63},[43,88982,227],{"class":53},[43,88984,88985,88987,88989,88991,88993,88995],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,88986,50],{"class":49},[43,88988,54],{"class":53},[43,88990,447],{"class":63},[43,88992,1224],{"class":211},[43,88994,808],{"class":63},[43,88996,227],{"class":53},[14,88998,110],{},[34,89000,89002],{"className":36,"code":89001,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[18,89003,89004,89009,89013],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89005,89006],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89007,89008],{"class":207},"Hello\n",[43,89010,89011],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,89012,3274],{"class":63},[43,89014,89015],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,89016,3274],{"class":63},[14,89018,89019,89020,89022,89023,89027],{},"A very important detail is that ",[18,89021,46505],{}," ",[913,89024,4013,89025],{},[18,89026,4099],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[29,89029,290],{"id":289},[14,89031,31046],{},[34,89033,89035],{"className":36,"code":89034,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[18,89036,89037],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89038,89039,89041,89043,89046,89048,89051,89053,89055],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89040,50],{"class":49},[43,89042,54],{"class":53},[43,89044,89045],{"class":236},"object1",[43,89047,800],{"class":53},[43,89049,89050],{"class":236}," object2",[43,89052,800],{"class":53},[43,89054,34777],{"class":49},[43,89056,227],{"class":53},[14,89058,80262],{},[150,89060,89061,89064,89067],{},[153,89062,89063],{},"one value",[153,89065,89066],{},"many values",[153,89068,89069],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[14,89071,197],{},[34,89073,89075],{"className":36,"code":89074,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[18,89076,89077,89091,89110],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89078,89079,89081,89083,89085,89087,89089],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89080,50],{"class":49},[43,89082,54],{"class":53},[43,89084,82],{"class":81},[43,89086,57825],{"class":85},[43,89088,82],{"class":81},[43,89090,227],{"class":53},[43,89092,89093,89095,89097,89099,89102,89104,89106,89108],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,89094,50],{"class":49},[43,89096,54],{"class":53},[43,89098,82],{"class":81},[43,89100,89101],{"class":85},"Score:",[43,89103,82],{"class":81},[43,89105,800],{"class":53},[43,89107,6331],{"class":63},[43,89109,227],{"class":53},[43,89111,89112,89114,89116,89118,89120,89122,89124,89126,89128,89130],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,89113,50],{"class":49},[43,89115,54],{"class":53},[43,89117,82],{"class":81},[43,89119,45616],{"class":85},[43,89121,82],{"class":81},[43,89123,800],{"class":53},[43,89125,2789],{"class":63},[43,89127,1224],{"class":211},[43,89129,37969],{"class":63},[43,89131,227],{"class":53},[14,89133,110],{},[34,89135,89137],{"className":36,"code":89136,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[18,89138,89139,89143,89152],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89140,89141],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89142,85415],{"class":207},[43,89144,89145,89148,89150],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,89146,89147],{"class":207},"Score",[43,89149,325],{"class":53},[43,89151,2916],{"class":63},[43,89153,89154,89156,89158],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,89155,45656],{"class":207},[43,89157,325],{"class":53},[43,89159,2916],{"class":63},[14,89161,89162],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[29,89164,89166],{"id":89165},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[14,89168,89169,89170,315],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[18,89171,46505],{},[402,89173,89175],{"id":89174},"print-text","Print text",[14,89177,89178],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[34,89180,89182],{"className":36,"code":89181,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[18,89183,89184,89198],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89185,89186,89188,89190,89192,89194,89196],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89187,50],{"class":49},[43,89189,54],{"class":53},[43,89191,82],{"class":81},[43,89193,35189],{"class":85},[43,89195,82],{"class":81},[43,89197,227],{"class":53},[43,89199,89200,89202,89204,89206,89209,89211],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,89201,50],{"class":49},[43,89203,54],{"class":53},[43,89205,82],{"class":81},[43,89207,89208],{"class":85},"Python is fun",[43,89210,82],{"class":81},[43,89212,227],{"class":53},[402,89214,89216],{"id":89215},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[14,89218,89219],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[34,89221,89223],{"className":36,"code":89222,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[18,89224,89225,89235],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89226,89227,89229,89231,89233],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89228,50],{"class":49},[43,89230,54],{"class":53},[43,89232,64],{"class":63},[43,89234,227],{"class":53},[43,89236,89237,89239,89241,89243],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,89238,50],{"class":49},[43,89240,54],{"class":53},[43,89242,86],{"class":63},[43,89244,227],{"class":53},[402,89246,89248],{"id":89247},"print-variables","Print variables",[34,89250,89252],{"className":36,"code":89251,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[18,89253,89254,89262],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89255,89256,89258,89260],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89257,5419],{"class":207},[43,89259,212],{"class":211},[43,89261,14452],{"class":63},[43,89263,89264,89266,89268,89270],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,89265,50],{"class":49},[43,89267,54],{"class":53},[43,89269,85579],{"class":236},[43,89271,227],{"class":53},[402,89273,89275],{"id":89274},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[34,89277,89279],{"className":36,"code":89278,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[18,89280,89281,89295],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89282,89283,89285,89287,89289,89291,89293],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89284,50],{"class":49},[43,89286,54],{"class":53},[43,89288,447],{"class":63},[43,89290,1224],{"class":211},[43,89292,808],{"class":63},[43,89294,227],{"class":53},[43,89296,89297,89299,89301,89303,89305,89307],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,89298,50],{"class":49},[43,89300,54],{"class":53},[43,89302,512],{"class":63},[43,89304,82891],{"class":211},[43,89306,2789],{"class":63},[43,89308,227],{"class":53},[14,89310,89311,89312,315],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[189,89313,51031],{"href":51030},[29,89315,89317],{"id":89316},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[14,89319,89320,89322],{},[18,89321,46505],{}," can take more than one argument.",[14,89324,89325],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[34,89327,89329],{"className":36,"code":89328,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,89330,89331,89344,89352,89356,89375],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89332,89333,89335,89337,89339,89342],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89334,8202],{"class":207},[43,89336,212],{"class":211},[43,89338,932],{"class":81},[43,89340,89341],{"class":85},"Ava",[43,89343,938],{"class":81},[43,89345,89346,89348,89350],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,89347,21951],{"class":207},[43,89349,212],{"class":211},[43,89351,2916],{"class":63},[43,89353,89354],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,89355,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,89357,89358,89360,89362,89364,89367,89369,89371,89373],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,89359,50],{"class":49},[43,89361,54],{"class":53},[43,89363,82],{"class":81},[43,89365,89366],{"class":85},"Name:",[43,89368,82],{"class":81},[43,89370,800],{"class":53},[43,89372,36315],{"class":236},[43,89374,227],{"class":53},[43,89376,89377,89379,89381,89383,89386,89388,89390,89392],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,89378,50],{"class":49},[43,89380,54],{"class":53},[43,89382,82],{"class":81},[43,89384,89385],{"class":85},"Age:",[43,89387,82],{"class":81},[43,89389,800],{"class":53},[43,89391,9504],{"class":236},[43,89393,227],{"class":53},[14,89395,110],{},[34,89397,89399],{"className":36,"code":89398,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[18,89400,89401,89411],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89402,89403,89406,89408],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89404,89405],{"class":207},"Name",[43,89407,325],{"class":53},[43,89409,89410],{"class":207}," Ava\n",[43,89412,89413,89416,89418],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,89414,89415],{"class":207},"Age",[43,89417,325],{"class":53},[43,89419,2916],{"class":63},[14,89421,89422,89423,315],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[18,89424,2406],{},[14,89426,89427],{},"For example, this works:",[34,89429,89431],{"className":36,"code":89430,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,89432,89433,89441],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89434,89435,89437,89439],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89436,21951],{"class":207},[43,89438,212],{"class":211},[43,89440,2916],{"class":63},[43,89442,89443,89445,89447,89449,89451,89453,89455,89457],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,89444,50],{"class":49},[43,89446,54],{"class":53},[43,89448,82],{"class":81},[43,89450,89385],{"class":85},[43,89452,82],{"class":81},[43,89454,800],{"class":53},[43,89456,9504],{"class":236},[43,89458,227],{"class":53},[14,89460,37251],{},[34,89462,89464],{"className":36,"code":89463,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[18,89465,89466,89474],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89467,89468,89470,89472],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89469,21951],{"class":207},[43,89471,212],{"class":211},[43,89473,2916],{"class":63},[43,89475,89476,89478,89480,89482,89485,89487,89489,89491],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,89477,50],{"class":49},[43,89479,54],{"class":53},[43,89481,82],{"class":81},[43,89483,89484],{"class":85},"Age: ",[43,89486,82],{"class":81},[43,89488,1224],{"class":211},[43,89490,9504],{"class":236},[43,89492,227],{"class":53},[14,89494,89495,89496,89499,89500,89502,89503,89505,89506,315],{},"That fails because ",[18,89497,89498],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[18,89501,9615],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[18,89504,2406],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[189,89507,89508],{"href":2240},[18,89509,47737],{},[29,89511,89513],{"id":89512},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[14,89515,89516,89518],{},[18,89517,46505],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[150,89520,89521,89527,89532,89537],{},[153,89522,89523,89526],{},[18,89524,89525],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[153,89528,89529,89531],{},[18,89530,52716],{}," controls what is added after the output",[153,89533,89534,89536],{},[18,89535,86801],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[153,89538,89539,89542],{},[18,89540,89541],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[14,89544,89545,89546,895,89548,315],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[18,89547,89525],{},[18,89549,52716],{},[29,89551,89553,36940],{"id":89552},"sep-argument",[18,89554,89525],{},[14,89556,1073,89557,89559],{},[18,89558,89525],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[14,89561,89562],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[402,89564,89566],{"id":89565},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[34,89568,89570],{"className":36,"code":89569,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[18,89571,89572],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89573,89574,89576,89578,89580,89582,89584,89586,89588,89590,89592,89594,89596,89598,89600],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89575,50],{"class":49},[43,89577,54],{"class":53},[43,89579,82],{"class":81},[43,89581,13413],{"class":85},[43,89583,82],{"class":81},[43,89585,800],{"class":53},[43,89587,932],{"class":81},[43,89589,17777],{"class":85},[43,89591,82],{"class":81},[43,89593,800],{"class":53},[43,89595,932],{"class":81},[43,89597,13430],{"class":85},[43,89599,82],{"class":81},[43,89601,227],{"class":53},[14,89603,110],{},[34,89605,89607],{"className":36,"code":89606,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"red green blue\n",[18,89608,89609],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89610,89611],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89612,89606],{"class":207},[402,89614,89616],{"id":89615},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[34,89618,89620],{"className":36,"code":89619,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[18,89621,89622,89665],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89623,89624,89626,89628,89630,89632,89634,89636,89638,89640,89642,89644,89646,89648,89650,89652,89655,89657,89659,89661,89663],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89625,50],{"class":49},[43,89627,54],{"class":53},[43,89629,82],{"class":81},[43,89631,13413],{"class":85},[43,89633,82],{"class":81},[43,89635,800],{"class":53},[43,89637,932],{"class":81},[43,89639,17777],{"class":85},[43,89641,82],{"class":81},[43,89643,800],{"class":53},[43,89645,932],{"class":81},[43,89647,13430],{"class":85},[43,89649,82],{"class":81},[43,89651,800],{"class":53},[43,89653,89654],{"class":9491}," sep",[43,89656,212],{"class":211},[43,89658,82],{"class":81},[43,89660,800],{"class":85},[43,89662,82],{"class":81},[43,89664,227],{"class":53},[43,89666,89667,89669,89671,89673,89675,89677,89679,89681,89683,89685,89687,89689,89691,89693,89695,89697,89699,89701,89704,89706],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,89668,50],{"class":49},[43,89670,54],{"class":53},[43,89672,82],{"class":81},[43,89674,13413],{"class":85},[43,89676,82],{"class":81},[43,89678,800],{"class":53},[43,89680,932],{"class":81},[43,89682,17777],{"class":85},[43,89684,82],{"class":81},[43,89686,800],{"class":53},[43,89688,932],{"class":81},[43,89690,13430],{"class":85},[43,89692,82],{"class":81},[43,89694,800],{"class":53},[43,89696,89654],{"class":9491},[43,89698,212],{"class":211},[43,89700,82],{"class":81},[43,89702,89703],{"class":85}," - ",[43,89705,82],{"class":81},[43,89707,227],{"class":53},[14,89709,110],{},[34,89711,89713],{"className":36,"code":89712,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[18,89714,89715,89727],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89716,89717,89719,89721,89723,89725],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89718,13413],{"class":207},[43,89720,800],{"class":53},[43,89722,17777],{"class":207},[43,89724,800],{"class":53},[43,89726,70040],{"class":207},[43,89728,89729,89732,89734,89737,89739],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,89730,89731],{"class":207},"red ",[43,89733,444],{"class":211},[43,89735,89736],{"class":207}," green ",[43,89738,444],{"class":211},[43,89740,36204],{"class":207},[14,89742,89743,89745],{},[18,89744,89525],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[14,89747,89748,89749,315],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[189,89750,89752],{"href":89751},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[29,89754,89756,36940],{"id":89755},"end-argument",[18,89757,52716],{},[14,89759,89760,89761,89763,89764,89766],{},"By default, ",[18,89762,46505],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[18,89765,46505],{}," starts on a new line.",[402,89768,89566],{"id":89769},"default-behavior-1",[34,89771,89773],{"className":36,"code":89772,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,89774,89775,89789],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89776,89777,89779,89781,89783,89785,89787],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89778,50],{"class":49},[43,89780,54],{"class":53},[43,89782,82],{"class":81},[43,89784,35189],{"class":85},[43,89786,82],{"class":81},[43,89788,227],{"class":53},[43,89790,89791,89793,89795,89797,89800,89802],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,89792,50],{"class":49},[43,89794,54],{"class":53},[43,89796,82],{"class":81},[43,89798,89799],{"class":85},"World",[43,89801,82],{"class":81},[43,89803,227],{"class":53},[14,89805,110],{},[34,89807,89809],{"className":36,"code":89808,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Hello\nWorld\n",[18,89810,89811,89815],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89812,89813],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89814,89008],{"class":207},[43,89816,89817],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,89818,89819],{"class":207},"World\n",[402,89821,89823],{"id":89822},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[34,89825,89827],{"className":36,"code":89826,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,89828,89829,89851],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89830,89831,89833,89835,89837,89839,89841,89843,89845,89847,89849],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89832,50],{"class":49},[43,89834,54],{"class":53},[43,89836,82],{"class":81},[43,89838,35189],{"class":85},[43,89840,82],{"class":81},[43,89842,800],{"class":53},[43,89844,65099],{"class":9491},[43,89846,212],{"class":211},[43,89848,769],{"class":81},[43,89850,227],{"class":53},[43,89852,89853,89855,89857,89859,89861,89863],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,89854,50],{"class":49},[43,89856,54],{"class":53},[43,89858,82],{"class":81},[43,89860,89799],{"class":85},[43,89862,82],{"class":81},[43,89864,227],{"class":53},[14,89866,110],{},[34,89868,89870],{"className":36,"code":89869,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"HelloWorld\n",[18,89871,89872],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89873,89874],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89875,89869],{"class":207},[402,89877,89879],{"id":89878},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[34,89881,89883],{"className":36,"code":89882,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,89884,89885,89914],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89886,89887,89889,89891,89893,89895,89897,89899,89901,89903,89905,89908,89910,89912],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89888,50],{"class":49},[43,89890,54],{"class":53},[43,89892,82],{"class":81},[43,89894,35189],{"class":85},[43,89896,82],{"class":81},[43,89898,800],{"class":53},[43,89900,65099],{"class":9491},[43,89902,212],{"class":211},[43,89904,82],{"class":81},[43,89906,89907],{"class":85},"!",[43,89909,87212],{"class":34776},[43,89911,82],{"class":81},[43,89913,227],{"class":53},[43,89915,89916,89918,89920,89922,89924,89926],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,89917,50],{"class":49},[43,89919,54],{"class":53},[43,89921,82],{"class":81},[43,89923,89799],{"class":85},[43,89925,82],{"class":81},[43,89927,227],{"class":53},[14,89929,110],{},[34,89931,89933],{"className":36,"code":89932,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[18,89934,89935,89940],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89936,89937],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89938,89939],{"class":207},"Hello!\n",[43,89941,89942],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,89943,89819],{"class":207},[14,89945,1073,89946,89948],{},[18,89947,52716],{}," argument is useful for:",[150,89950,89951,89954,89957],{},[153,89952,89953],{},"progress messages",[153,89955,89956],{},"inline output",[153,89958,89959],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[29,89961,89963,2733,89965],{"id":89962},"print-returns-none",[18,89964,46505],{},[18,89966,4099],{},[14,89968,89969,89970,89972],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[18,89971,46505],{}," to return the text it shows.",[14,89974,197],{},[34,89976,89978],{"className":36,"code":89977,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,89979,89980,90000],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,89981,89982,89984,89986,89989,89991,89993,89996,89998],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,89983,1282],{"class":207},[43,89985,212],{"class":211},[43,89987,89988],{"class":49}," print",[43,89990,54],{"class":53},[43,89992,82],{"class":81},[43,89994,89995],{"class":85},"Hi",[43,89997,82],{"class":81},[43,89999,227],{"class":53},[43,90001,90002,90004,90006,90008],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,90003,50],{"class":49},[43,90005,54],{"class":53},[43,90007,1306],{"class":236},[43,90009,227],{"class":53},[14,90011,110],{},[34,90013,90015],{"className":36,"code":90014,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Hi\nNone\n",[18,90016,90017,90022],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90018,90019],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90020,90021],{"class":207},"Hi\n",[43,90023,90024],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,90025,12126],{"class":104},[14,90027,90028],{},"Why does this happen?",[150,90030,90031,90039,90044],{},[153,90032,90033,90036,90037],{},[18,90034,90035],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[18,90038,89995],{},[153,90040,90041,90042],{},"but the function itself returns ",[18,90043,4099],{},[153,90045,90046,90047,12238,90049],{},"so ",[18,90048,1306],{},[18,90050,4099],{},[14,90052,90053,90054,90056],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[18,90055,46505],{}," call.",[34,90058,90060],{"className":36,"code":90059,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[18,90061,90062,90075],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90063,90064,90067,90069,90071,90073],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90065,90066],{"class":207},"message ",[43,90068,212],{"class":211},[43,90070,932],{"class":81},[43,90072,89995],{"class":85},[43,90074,938],{"class":81},[43,90076,90077,90079,90081,90084],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,90078,50],{"class":49},[43,90080,54],{"class":53},[43,90082,90083],{"class":236},"message",[43,90085,227],{"class":53},[14,90087,90088,90089,90091,90092,90096],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[18,90090,46505],{}," with functions like ",[189,90093,90094],{"href":191},[18,90095,194],{},", which do return a value.",[29,90098,90100,90101],{"id":90099},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[18,90102,46505],{},[14,90104,90105,90106,90108],{},"Beginners use ",[18,90107,46505],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[150,90110,90111,90114,90117,90120],{},[153,90112,90113],{},"to display results to the user",[153,90115,90116],{},"to show messages in a script",[153,90118,90119],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[153,90121,90122],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[14,90124,197],{},[34,90126,90128],{"className":36,"code":90127,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[18,90129,90130,90138,90142,90162,90173],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90131,90132,90134,90136],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90133,1210],{"class":207},[43,90135,212],{"class":211},[43,90137,38839],{"class":63},[43,90139,90140],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,90141,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,90143,90144,90146,90148,90150,90152,90154,90156,90158,90160],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,90145,6284],{"class":1927},[43,90147,6713],{"class":207},[43,90149,4203],{"class":1927},[43,90151,54126],{"class":49},[43,90153,54],{"class":53},[43,90155,797],{"class":63},[43,90157,800],{"class":53},[43,90159,2789],{"class":63},[43,90161,8662],{"class":53},[43,90163,90164,90167,90170],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,90165,90166],{"class":207},"    total ",[43,90168,90169],{"class":211},"+=",[43,90171,90172],{"class":207}," number\n",[43,90174,90175,90177,90179,90181,90184,90186,90188,90190,90192,90194,90196,90198,90200,90202],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,90176,1951],{"class":49},[43,90178,54],{"class":53},[43,90180,82],{"class":81},[43,90182,90183],{"class":85},"Current number:",[43,90185,82],{"class":81},[43,90187,800],{"class":53},[43,90189,1965],{"class":236},[43,90191,800],{"class":53},[43,90193,932],{"class":81},[43,90195,45616],{"class":85},[43,90197,82],{"class":81},[43,90199,800],{"class":53},[43,90201,45623],{"class":236},[43,90203,227],{"class":53},[14,90205,110],{},[34,90207,90209],{"className":36,"code":90208,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[18,90210,90211,90227,90241],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90212,90213,90216,90218,90220,90223,90225],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90214,90215],{"class":207},"Current number",[43,90217,325],{"class":53},[43,90219,5823],{"class":63},[43,90221,90222],{"class":207}," Total",[43,90224,325],{"class":53},[43,90226,29939],{"class":63},[43,90228,90229,90231,90233,90235,90237,90239],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,90230,90215],{"class":207},[43,90232,325],{"class":53},[43,90234,803],{"class":63},[43,90236,90222],{"class":207},[43,90238,325],{"class":53},[43,90240,2907],{"class":63},[43,90242,90243,90245,90247,90249,90251,90253],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,90244,90215],{"class":207},[43,90246,325],{"class":53},[43,90248,808],{"class":63},[43,90250,90222],{"class":207},[43,90252,325],{"class":53},[43,90254,90255],{"class":63}," 6\n",[14,90257,90258,90259,315],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[189,90260,90262],{"href":90261},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[29,90264,3160],{"id":3159},[14,90266,90267,90268,315],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[18,90269,46505],{},[402,90271,90273],{"id":90272},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[14,90275,90276],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[34,90278,90280],{"className":36,"code":90279,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(Hello)\n",[18,90281,90282],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90283,90284,90286,90288,90290],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90285,50],{"class":49},[43,90287,54],{"class":53},[43,90289,35189],{"class":236},[43,90291,227],{"class":53},[14,90293,9194,90294,90296],{},[18,90295,35189],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[14,90298,11122],{},[34,90300,90302],{"className":36,"code":90301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,90303,90304],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90305,90306,90308,90310,90312,90314,90316],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90307,50],{"class":49},[43,90309,54],{"class":53},[43,90311,82],{"class":81},[43,90313,35189],{"class":85},[43,90315,82],{"class":81},[43,90317,227],{"class":53},[402,90319,8738,90321,90323],{"id":90320},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[18,90322,50],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[14,90325,90326],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[34,90328,90330],{"className":36,"code":90329,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print \"Hello\"\n",[18,90331,90332],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90333,90334,90336,90338,90340],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90335,50],{"class":49},[43,90337,932],{"class":81},[43,90339,35189],{"class":85},[43,90341,938],{"class":81},[14,90343,11122],{},[34,90345,90346],{"className":36,"code":90301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,90347,90348],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90349,90350,90352,90354,90356,90358,90360],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90351,50],{"class":49},[43,90353,54],{"class":53},[43,90355,82],{"class":81},[43,90357,35189],{"class":85},[43,90359,82],{"class":81},[43,90361,227],{"class":53},[402,90363,90365,90366],{"id":90364},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[18,90367,2406],{},[14,90369,90370,90371,315],{},"This causes a ",[18,90372,823],{},[34,90374,90375],{"className":36,"code":89463,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,90376,90377,90385],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90378,90379,90381,90383],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90380,21951],{"class":207},[43,90382,212],{"class":211},[43,90384,2916],{"class":63},[43,90386,90387,90389,90391,90393,90395,90397,90399,90401],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,90388,50],{"class":49},[43,90390,54],{"class":53},[43,90392,82],{"class":81},[43,90394,89484],{"class":85},[43,90396,82],{"class":81},[43,90398,1224],{"class":211},[43,90400,9504],{"class":236},[43,90402,227],{"class":53},[14,90404,90405],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[34,90407,90409],{"className":36,"code":90408,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,90410,90411],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90412,90413,90415,90417,90419,90421,90423,90425,90427],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90414,50],{"class":49},[43,90416,54],{"class":53},[43,90418,82],{"class":81},[43,90420,89385],{"class":85},[43,90422,82],{"class":81},[43,90424,800],{"class":53},[43,90426,9504],{"class":236},[43,90428,227],{"class":53},[14,90430,90431],{},"Or convert the number first:",[34,90433,90435],{"className":36,"code":90434,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[18,90436,90437],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90438,90439,90441,90443,90445,90447,90449,90451,90453,90455,90457],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90440,50],{"class":49},[43,90442,54],{"class":53},[43,90444,82],{"class":81},[43,90446,89484],{"class":85},[43,90448,82],{"class":81},[43,90450,1224],{"class":211},[43,90452,48958],{"class":57},[43,90454,54],{"class":53},[43,90456,9615],{"class":236},[43,90458,67],{"class":53},[14,90460,90461,90462,315],{},"If you see this error, read ",[189,90463,90465],{"href":90464},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[402,90467,8773,90469,90471],{"id":90468},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[18,90470,46505],{}," to return a value",[14,90473,90474,90475,35652,90478,325],{},"This does not store ",[18,90476,90477],{},"\"Hello\"",[18,90479,1306],{},[34,90481,90483],{"className":36,"code":90482,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,90484,90485],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90486,90487,90489,90491,90493,90495,90497,90499,90501],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90488,1282],{"class":207},[43,90490,212],{"class":211},[43,90492,89988],{"class":49},[43,90494,54],{"class":53},[43,90496,82],{"class":81},[43,90498,35189],{"class":85},[43,90500,82],{"class":81},[43,90502,227],{"class":53},[14,90504,90505,90506,315],{},"It stores ",[18,90507,4099],{},[402,90509,90511,90512,895,90514],{"id":90510},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[18,90513,89525],{},[18,90515,52716],{},[14,90517,85871],{},[150,90519,90520,90529],{},[153,90521,90522,90524,90525,90528],{},[18,90523,89525],{}," changes what goes ",[913,90526,90527],{},"between"," multiple values",[153,90530,90531,90533,90534,90537],{},[18,90532,52716],{}," changes what appears ",[913,90535,90536],{},"after"," the output",[29,90539,90541],{"id":90540},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[14,90543,90544,90545,90547],{},"These simple ",[18,90546,46505],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[34,90549,90551],{"className":36,"code":90550,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[18,90552,90553,90573,90588],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90554,90555,90557,90559,90561,90564,90566,90568,90571],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90556,50],{"class":49},[43,90558,54],{"class":53},[43,90560,82],{"class":81},[43,90562,90563],{"class":85},"Debug:",[43,90565,82],{"class":81},[43,90567,800],{"class":53},[43,90569,90570],{"class":236}," variable_name",[43,90572,227],{"class":53},[43,90574,90575,90577,90579,90581,90583,90586],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,90576,50],{"class":49},[43,90578,54],{"class":53},[43,90580,248],{"class":57},[43,90582,54],{"class":53},[43,90584,90585],{"class":236},"variable_name",[43,90587,67],{"class":53},[43,90589,90590,90592,90594,90596],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,90591,32474],{"class":49},[43,90593,54],{"class":53},[43,90595,50],{"class":49},[43,90597,227],{"class":53},[14,90599,90600],{},"What they do:",[150,90602,90603,90609,90615],{},[153,90604,90605,90608],{},[18,90606,90607],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[153,90610,90611,90614],{},[18,90612,90613],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[153,90616,90617,90620,90621],{},[18,90618,90619],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[18,90622,46505],{},[29,90624,2162],{"id":2161},[402,90626,13023,90628,90630],{"id":90627},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[18,90629,46505],{}," add a new line automatically?",[14,90632,90633,90634,90636,90637,36946],{},"Yes. By default, ",[18,90635,46505],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[18,90638,52716],{},[402,90640,5493,90642,90644],{"id":90641},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[18,90643,46505],{}," show more than one value?",[14,90646,90647,90648,90650],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[18,90649,46505],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[402,90652,5481,90654,5484,90657,2822],{"id":90653},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[18,90655,90656],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[18,90658,4099],{},[14,90660,2194,90661,90663],{},[18,90662,46505],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[402,90665,90667],{"id":90666},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[14,90669,90670],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[34,90672,90674],{"className":36,"code":90673,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[18,90675,90676],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90677,90678,90680,90682,90684,90686,90688,90690,90692],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90679,50],{"class":49},[43,90681,54],{"class":53},[43,90683,82],{"class":81},[43,90685,89385],{"class":85},[43,90687,82],{"class":81},[43,90689,800],{"class":53},[43,90691,6331],{"class":63},[43,90693,227],{"class":53},[14,90695,90696,90697,40255],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[18,90698,47737],{},[402,90700,5503,90702,895,90704,2822],{"id":90701},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[18,90703,89525],{},[18,90705,52716],{},[150,90707,90708,90713],{},[153,90709,90710,90712],{},[18,90711,89525],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[153,90714,90715,90717],{},[18,90716,52716],{}," changes what appears after the output",[29,90719,2229],{"id":2228},[150,90721,90722,90726,90732,90738,90743,90748],{},[153,90723,90724],{},[189,90725,51031],{"href":51030},[153,90727,90728],{},[189,90729,3894,90730,3827],{"href":191},[18,90731,194],{},[153,90733,90734],{},[189,90735,3894,90736,3827],{"href":2240},[18,90737,47737],{},[153,90739,90740],{},[189,90741,90742],{"href":89751},"How to format strings in Python",[153,90744,90745],{},[189,90746,90747],{"href":90261},"How to debug Python code",[153,90749,90750],{},[189,90751,90465],{"href":90464},[2262,90753,90754],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":90756},[90757,90758,90760,90761,90767,90768,90769,90774,90780,90782,90784,90795,90796,90807],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":88929,"depth":70,"text":90759},"What print() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":89165,"depth":70,"text":89166,"children":90762},[90763,90764,90765,90766],{"id":89174,"depth":93,"text":89175},{"id":89215,"depth":93,"text":89216},{"id":89247,"depth":93,"text":89248},{"id":89274,"depth":93,"text":89275},{"id":89316,"depth":70,"text":89317},{"id":89512,"depth":70,"text":89513},{"id":89552,"depth":70,"text":90770,"children":90771},"sep argument",[90772,90773],{"id":89565,"depth":93,"text":89566},{"id":89615,"depth":93,"text":89616},{"id":89755,"depth":70,"text":90775,"children":90776},"end argument",[90777,90778,90779],{"id":89769,"depth":93,"text":89566},{"id":89822,"depth":93,"text":89823},{"id":89878,"depth":93,"text":89879},{"id":89962,"depth":70,"text":90781},"print() returns None",{"id":90099,"depth":70,"text":90783},"When beginners use print()",{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160,"children":90785},[90786,90787,90789,90791,90793],{"id":90272,"depth":93,"text":90273},{"id":90320,"depth":93,"text":90788},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90364,"depth":93,"text":90790},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90468,"depth":93,"text":90792},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90510,"depth":93,"text":90794},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90540,"depth":70,"text":90541},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":90797},[90798,90800,90802,90804,90805],{"id":90627,"depth":93,"text":90799},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90641,"depth":93,"text":90801},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90653,"depth":93,"text":90803},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90666,"depth":93,"text":90667},{"id":90701,"depth":93,"text":90806},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88812,"description":90808},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90815,"title":90816,"body":90817,"description":93121,"extension":2312,"meta":93122,"navigation":958,"path":93123,"seo":93124,"stem":93125,"__hash__":93126},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90818,"toc":93067},[90819,90824,90829,90842,90844,90909,90920,90925,90930,90932,90955,90958,90989,90991,91008,91013,91019,91024,91073,91076,91093,91099,91104,91127,91129,91157,91163,91171,91198,91200,91225,91231,91234,91265,91267,91296,91300,91303,91308,91330,91332,91360,91366,91372,91398,91400,91424,91430,91436,91466,91468,91496,91506,91510,91516,91549,91551,91580,91583,91586,91619,91621,91629,91635,91637,91660,91665,91674,91679,91693,91695,91735,91737,91767,91771,91806,91812,91816,91860,91862,91892,91898,91901,91980,91982,92004,92012,92015,92078,92086,92161,92167,92174,92179,92184,92207,92209,92230,92232,92245,92247,92294,92296,92335,92344,92346,92350,92354,92357,92384,92387,92416,92419,92443,92446,92454,92460,92482,92484,92512,92516,92521,92576,92581,92583,92640,92647,92656,92659,92691,92693,92701,92704,92710,92712,92735,92738,92744,92747,92766,92768,92787,92790,92812,92814,92842,92846,92850,92955,92957,92970,92972,92978,92981,92989,92994,93000,93006,93011,93019,93025,93032,93034,93064],[10,90820,3894,90822,3898],{"id":90821},"python-range-function-explained",[18,90823,36522],{},[14,90825,32639,90826,90828],{},[18,90827,36522],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[14,90830,90831,90832,90834,90835,90837,90838,90841],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[18,90833,6284],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[18,90836,36522],{}," stops ",[913,90839,90840],{},"before"," the end value.",[29,90843,32],{"id":31},[34,90845,90847],{"className":36,"code":90846,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[18,90848,90849,90865,90875,90879,90884,90889,90894,90899,90904],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90850,90851,90853,90855,90857,90859,90861,90863],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90852,6284],{"class":1927},[43,90854,69607],{"class":207},[43,90856,4203],{"class":1927},[43,90858,54126],{"class":49},[43,90860,54],{"class":53},[43,90862,64],{"class":63},[43,90864,8662],{"class":53},[43,90866,90867,90869,90871,90873],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,90868,1951],{"class":49},[43,90870,54],{"class":53},[43,90872,36478],{"class":236},[43,90874,227],{"class":53},[43,90876,90877],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,90878,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,90880,90881],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,90882,90883],{"class":3984},"# Output:\n",[43,90885,90886],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,90887,90888],{"class":3984},"# 0\n",[43,90890,90891],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,90892,90893],{"class":3984},"# 1\n",[43,90895,90896],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,90897,90898],{"class":3984},"# 2\n",[43,90900,90901],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,90902,90903],{"class":3984},"# 3\n",[43,90905,90906],{"class":45,"line":6756},[43,90907,90908],{"class":3984},"# 4\n",[14,90910,90911,90914,90915,90917,90918,315],{},[18,90912,90913],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[18,90916,2466],{}," and stopping before ",[18,90919,64],{},[29,90921,3998,90923,4001],{"id":90922},"what-range-does",[18,90924,36522],{},[14,90926,90927,90929],{},[18,90928,36522],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[14,90931,13372],{},[150,90933,90934,90939,90945,90950],{},[153,90935,90936,90938],{},[18,90937,36522],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[153,90940,90941,90942,90944],{},"It is commonly used with ",[18,90943,6284],{}," loops",[153,90946,90947,90948],{},"The stop value is ",[913,90949,65128],{},[153,90951,17743,90952,90954],{},[18,90953,60056],{}," object, not a regular list",[14,90956,90957],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[34,90959,90961],{"className":36,"code":90960,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[18,90962,90963,90979],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90964,90965,90967,90969,90971,90973,90975,90977],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90966,6284],{"class":1927},[43,90968,6713],{"class":207},[43,90970,4203],{"class":1927},[43,90972,54126],{"class":49},[43,90974,54],{"class":53},[43,90976,2409],{"class":63},[43,90978,8662],{"class":53},[43,90980,90981,90983,90985,90987],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,90982,1951],{"class":49},[43,90984,54],{"class":53},[43,90986,237],{"class":236},[43,90988,227],{"class":53},[14,90990,110],{},[34,90992,90994],{"className":36,"code":90993,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"0\n1\n2\n",[18,90995,90996,91000,91004],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,90997,90998],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,90999,47305],{"class":63},[43,91001,91002],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,91003,46970],{"class":63},[43,91005,91006],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,91007,17379],{"class":63},[14,91009,91010,91011,315],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[189,91012,36352],{"href":36351},[29,91014,91016,91018],{"id":91015},"range-syntax",[18,91017,36522],{}," syntax",[14,91020,91021,91023],{},[18,91022,36522],{}," has three common forms:",[34,91025,91027],{"className":36,"code":91026,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[18,91028,91029,91039,91054],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91030,91031,91033,91035,91037],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91032,60056],{"class":49},[43,91034,54],{"class":53},[43,91036,75485],{"class":236},[43,91038,227],{"class":53},[43,91040,91041,91043,91045,91047,91049,91052],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,91042,60056],{"class":49},[43,91044,54],{"class":53},[43,91046,36396],{"class":236},[43,91048,800],{"class":53},[43,91050,91051],{"class":236}," stop",[43,91053,227],{"class":53},[43,91055,91056,91058,91060,91062,91064,91066,91068,91071],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,91057,60056],{"class":49},[43,91059,54],{"class":53},[43,91061,36396],{"class":236},[43,91063,800],{"class":53},[43,91065,91051],{"class":236},[43,91067,800],{"class":53},[43,91069,91070],{"class":236}," step",[43,91072,227],{"class":53},[14,91074,91075],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[150,91077,91078,91083,91088],{},[153,91079,91080,91082],{},[18,91081,36396],{}," = first number",[153,91084,91085,91087],{},[18,91086,75485],{}," = end limit, not included",[153,91089,91090,91092],{},[18,91091,75488],{}," = amount to move each time",[402,91094,91096],{"id":91095},"rangestop",[18,91097,91098],{},"range(stop)",[14,91100,91101,91102,315],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[18,91103,2466],{},[34,91105,91107],{"className":36,"code":91106,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[18,91108,91109],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91110,91111,91113,91115,91117,91119,91121,91123,91125],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91112,50],{"class":49},[43,91114,54],{"class":53},[43,91116,849],{"class":57},[43,91118,54],{"class":53},[43,91120,60056],{"class":49},[43,91122,54],{"class":53},[43,91124,64],{"class":63},[43,91126,3239],{"class":53},[14,91128,110],{},[34,91130,91131],{"className":36,"code":60079,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,91132,91133],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91134,91135,91137,91139,91141,91143,91145,91147,91149,91151,91153,91155],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91136,4221],{"class":53},[43,91138,2466],{"class":63},[43,91140,800],{"class":53},[43,91142,5823],{"class":63},[43,91144,800],{"class":53},[43,91146,803],{"class":63},[43,91148,800],{"class":53},[43,91150,808],{"class":63},[43,91152,800],{"class":53},[43,91154,2789],{"class":63},[43,91156,3955],{"class":53},[402,91158,91160],{"id":91159},"rangestart-stop",[18,91161,91162],{},"range(start, stop)",[14,91164,91165,91166,91168,91169,315],{},"This starts at ",[18,91167,36396],{}," and stops before ",[18,91170,75485],{},[34,91172,91174],{"className":36,"code":91173,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[18,91175,91176],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91177,91178,91180,91182,91184,91186,91188,91190,91192,91194,91196],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91179,50],{"class":49},[43,91181,54],{"class":53},[43,91183,849],{"class":57},[43,91185,54],{"class":53},[43,91187,60056],{"class":49},[43,91189,54],{"class":53},[43,91191,447],{"class":63},[43,91193,800],{"class":53},[43,91195,37969],{"class":63},[43,91197,3239],{"class":53},[14,91199,110],{},[34,91201,91203],{"className":36,"code":91202,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,91204,91205],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91206,91207,91209,91211,91213,91215,91217,91219,91221,91223],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91208,4221],{"class":53},[43,91210,447],{"class":63},[43,91212,800],{"class":53},[43,91214,808],{"class":63},[43,91216,800],{"class":53},[43,91218,2789],{"class":63},[43,91220,800],{"class":53},[43,91222,4929],{"class":63},[43,91224,3955],{"class":53},[402,91226,91228],{"id":91227},"rangestart-stop-step",[18,91229,91230],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[14,91232,91233],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[34,91235,91237],{"className":36,"code":91236,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[18,91238,91239],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91240,91241,91243,91245,91247,91249,91251,91253,91255,91257,91259,91261,91263],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91242,50],{"class":49},[43,91244,54],{"class":53},[43,91246,849],{"class":57},[43,91248,54],{"class":53},[43,91250,60056],{"class":49},[43,91252,54],{"class":53},[43,91254,797],{"class":63},[43,91256,800],{"class":53},[43,91258,6331],{"class":63},[43,91260,800],{"class":53},[43,91262,803],{"class":63},[43,91264,3239],{"class":53},[14,91266,110],{},[34,91268,91270],{"className":36,"code":91269,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[18,91271,91272],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91273,91274,91276,91278,91280,91282,91284,91286,91288,91290,91292,91294],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91275,4221],{"class":53},[43,91277,797],{"class":63},[43,91279,800],{"class":53},[43,91281,808],{"class":63},[43,91283,800],{"class":53},[43,91285,4929],{"class":63},[43,91287,800],{"class":53},[43,91289,6320],{"class":63},[43,91291,800],{"class":53},[43,91293,54192],{"class":63},[43,91295,3955],{"class":53},[29,91297,91299],{"id":91298},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[14,91301,91302],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[402,91304,91306],{"id":91305},"range5",[18,91307,90913],{},[34,91309,91310],{"className":36,"code":91106,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,91311,91312],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91313,91314,91316,91318,91320,91322,91324,91326,91328],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91315,50],{"class":49},[43,91317,54],{"class":53},[43,91319,849],{"class":57},[43,91321,54],{"class":53},[43,91323,60056],{"class":49},[43,91325,54],{"class":53},[43,91327,64],{"class":63},[43,91329,3239],{"class":53},[14,91331,110],{},[34,91333,91334],{"className":36,"code":60079,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,91335,91336],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91337,91338,91340,91342,91344,91346,91348,91350,91352,91354,91356,91358],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91339,4221],{"class":53},[43,91341,2466],{"class":63},[43,91343,800],{"class":53},[43,91345,5823],{"class":63},[43,91347,800],{"class":53},[43,91349,803],{"class":63},[43,91351,800],{"class":53},[43,91353,808],{"class":63},[43,91355,800],{"class":53},[43,91357,2789],{"class":63},[43,91359,3955],{"class":53},[14,91361,91165,91362,91168,91364,315],{},[18,91363,2466],{},[18,91365,64],{},[402,91367,91369],{"id":91368},"range2-6",[18,91370,91371],{},"range(2, 6)",[34,91373,91374],{"className":36,"code":91173,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,91375,91376],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91377,91378,91380,91382,91384,91386,91388,91390,91392,91394,91396],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91379,50],{"class":49},[43,91381,54],{"class":53},[43,91383,849],{"class":57},[43,91385,54],{"class":53},[43,91387,60056],{"class":49},[43,91389,54],{"class":53},[43,91391,447],{"class":63},[43,91393,800],{"class":53},[43,91395,37969],{"class":63},[43,91397,3239],{"class":53},[14,91399,110],{},[34,91401,91402],{"className":36,"code":91202,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,91403,91404],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91405,91406,91408,91410,91412,91414,91416,91418,91420,91422],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91407,4221],{"class":53},[43,91409,447],{"class":63},[43,91411,800],{"class":53},[43,91413,808],{"class":63},[43,91415,800],{"class":53},[43,91417,2789],{"class":63},[43,91419,800],{"class":53},[43,91421,4929],{"class":63},[43,91423,3955],{"class":53},[14,91425,91165,91426,91168,91428,315],{},[18,91427,447],{},[18,91429,80653],{},[402,91431,91433],{"id":91432},"range1-10-2",[18,91434,91435],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[34,91437,91438],{"className":36,"code":91236,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,91439,91440],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91441,91442,91444,91446,91448,91450,91452,91454,91456,91458,91460,91462,91464],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91443,50],{"class":49},[43,91445,54],{"class":53},[43,91447,849],{"class":57},[43,91449,54],{"class":53},[43,91451,60056],{"class":49},[43,91453,54],{"class":53},[43,91455,797],{"class":63},[43,91457,800],{"class":53},[43,91459,6331],{"class":63},[43,91461,800],{"class":53},[43,91463,803],{"class":63},[43,91465,3239],{"class":53},[14,91467,110],{},[34,91469,91470],{"className":36,"code":91269,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,91471,91472],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91473,91474,91476,91478,91480,91482,91484,91486,91488,91490,91492,91494],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91475,4221],{"class":53},[43,91477,797],{"class":63},[43,91479,800],{"class":53},[43,91481,808],{"class":63},[43,91483,800],{"class":53},[43,91485,4929],{"class":63},[43,91487,800],{"class":53},[43,91489,6320],{"class":63},[43,91491,800],{"class":53},[43,91493,54192],{"class":63},[43,91495,3955],{"class":53},[14,91497,91498,91499,91501,91502,61359,91504,315],{},"This moves by ",[18,91500,447],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[18,91503,797],{},[18,91505,2490],{},[402,91507,91509],{"id":91508},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[14,91511,91512,91513,91515],{},"A negative step makes ",[18,91514,36522],{}," count backward.",[34,91517,91519],{"className":36,"code":91518,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[18,91520,91521],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91522,91523,91525,91527,91529,91531,91533,91535,91537,91539,91541,91543,91545,91547],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91524,50],{"class":49},[43,91526,54],{"class":53},[43,91528,849],{"class":57},[43,91530,54],{"class":53},[43,91532,60056],{"class":49},[43,91534,54],{"class":53},[43,91536,64],{"class":63},[43,91538,800],{"class":53},[43,91540,4155],{"class":63},[43,91542,800],{"class":53},[43,91544,2564],{"class":211},[43,91546,797],{"class":63},[43,91548,3239],{"class":53},[14,91550,110],{},[34,91552,91554],{"className":36,"code":91553,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[18,91555,91556],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91557,91558,91560,91562,91564,91566,91568,91570,91572,91574,91576,91578],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91559,4221],{"class":53},[43,91561,64],{"class":63},[43,91563,800],{"class":53},[43,91565,2789],{"class":63},[43,91567,800],{"class":53},[43,91569,808],{"class":63},[43,91571,800],{"class":53},[43,91573,803],{"class":63},[43,91575,800],{"class":53},[43,91577,5823],{"class":63},[43,91579,3955],{"class":53},[14,91581,91582],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[14,91584,91585],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[34,91587,91589],{"className":36,"code":91588,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[18,91590,91591],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91592,91593,91595,91597,91599,91601,91603,91605,91607,91609,91611,91613,91615,91617],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91594,50],{"class":49},[43,91596,54],{"class":53},[43,91598,849],{"class":57},[43,91600,54],{"class":53},[43,91602,60056],{"class":49},[43,91604,54],{"class":53},[43,91606,797],{"class":63},[43,91608,800],{"class":53},[43,91610,4929],{"class":63},[43,91612,800],{"class":53},[43,91614,2564],{"class":211},[43,91616,797],{"class":63},[43,91618,3239],{"class":53},[14,91620,110],{},[34,91622,91623],{"className":36,"code":38623,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,91624,91625],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91626,91627],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91628,38623],{"class":53},[402,91630,91631,76648,91633],{"id":76872},[18,91632,75488],{},[18,91634,2466],{},[14,91636,3167],{},[34,91638,91640],{"className":36,"code":91639,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[18,91641,91642],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91643,91644,91646,91648,91650,91652,91654,91656,91658],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91645,60056],{"class":49},[43,91647,54],{"class":53},[43,91649,797],{"class":63},[43,91651,800],{"class":53},[43,91653,4929],{"class":63},[43,91655,800],{"class":53},[43,91657,4155],{"class":63},[43,91659,227],{"class":53},[14,91661,76917,91662,91664],{},[18,91663,690],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[29,91666,8738,91668,91670,91671,91673],{"id":91667},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[18,91669,36522],{}," in a ",[18,91672,6284],{}," loop",[14,91675,91676,91678],{},[18,91677,36522],{}," is most useful when:",[150,91680,91681,91684,91687],{},[153,91682,91683],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[153,91685,91686],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[153,91688,91689,91690],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[18,91691,91692],{},"for i in range(n)",[14,91694,197],{},[34,91696,91698],{"className":36,"code":91697,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[18,91699,91700,91716],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91701,91702,91704,91706,91708,91710,91712,91714],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91703,6284],{"class":1927},[43,91705,69607],{"class":207},[43,91707,4203],{"class":1927},[43,91709,54126],{"class":49},[43,91711,54],{"class":53},[43,91713,2409],{"class":63},[43,91715,8662],{"class":53},[43,91717,91718,91720,91722,91724,91727,91729,91731,91733],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,91719,1951],{"class":49},[43,91721,54],{"class":53},[43,91723,82],{"class":81},[43,91725,91726],{"class":85},"Loop number:",[43,91728,82],{"class":81},[43,91730,800],{"class":53},[43,91732,36453],{"class":236},[43,91734,227],{"class":53},[14,91736,110],{},[34,91738,91740],{"className":36,"code":91739,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[18,91741,91742,91751,91759],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91743,91744,91747,91749],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91745,91746],{"class":207},"Loop number",[43,91748,325],{"class":53},[43,91750,38839],{"class":63},[43,91752,91753,91755,91757],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,91754,91746],{"class":207},[43,91756,325],{"class":53},[43,91758,29939],{"class":63},[43,91760,91761,91763,91765],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,91762,91746],{"class":207},[43,91764,325],{"class":53},[43,91766,45642],{"class":63},[402,91768,91770],{"id":91769},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[34,91772,91774],{"className":36,"code":91773,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,91775,91776,91792],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91777,91778,91780,91782,91784,91786,91788,91790],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91779,6284],{"class":1927},[43,91781,69607],{"class":207},[43,91783,4203],{"class":1927},[43,91785,54126],{"class":49},[43,91787,54],{"class":53},[43,91789,64],{"class":63},[43,91791,8662],{"class":53},[43,91793,91794,91796,91798,91800,91802,91804],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,91795,1951],{"class":49},[43,91797,54],{"class":53},[43,91799,82],{"class":81},[43,91801,35189],{"class":85},[43,91803,82],{"class":81},[43,91805,227],{"class":53},[14,91807,91808,91809,91811],{},"This prints ",[18,91810,90477],{}," five times.",[402,91813,91815],{"id":91814},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[34,91817,91819],{"className":36,"code":91818,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[18,91820,91821,91841],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91822,91823,91825,91827,91829,91831,91833,91835,91837,91839],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91824,6284],{"class":1927},[43,91826,69607],{"class":207},[43,91828,4203],{"class":1927},[43,91830,54126],{"class":49},[43,91832,54],{"class":53},[43,91834,797],{"class":63},[43,91836,800],{"class":53},[43,91838,2789],{"class":63},[43,91840,8662],{"class":53},[43,91842,91843,91845,91847,91849,91852,91854,91856,91858],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,91844,1951],{"class":49},[43,91846,54],{"class":53},[43,91848,82],{"class":81},[43,91850,91851],{"class":85},"Current number is",[43,91853,82],{"class":81},[43,91855,800],{"class":53},[43,91857,36453],{"class":236},[43,91859,227],{"class":53},[14,91861,110],{},[34,91863,91865],{"className":36,"code":91864,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[18,91866,91867,91876,91884],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91868,91869,91872,91874],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91870,91871],{"class":207},"Current number ",[43,91873,12512],{"class":211},[43,91875,29939],{"class":63},[43,91877,91878,91880,91882],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,91879,91871],{"class":207},[43,91881,12512],{"class":211},[43,91883,45642],{"class":63},[43,91885,91886,91888,91890],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,91887,91871],{"class":207},[43,91889,12512],{"class":211},[43,91891,2907],{"class":63},[402,91893,91895,91897],{"id":91894},"range-and-indexing",[18,91896,36522],{}," and indexing",[14,91899,91900],{},"You may see code like this:",[34,91902,91904],{"className":36,"code":91903,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[18,91905,91906,91938,91942,91962],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91907,91908,91910,91912,91914,91916,91918,91920,91922,91924,91926,91928,91930,91932,91934,91936],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91909,8104],{"class":207},[43,91911,212],{"class":211},[43,91913,3942],{"class":53},[43,91915,82],{"class":81},[43,91917,189],{"class":85},[43,91919,82],{"class":81},[43,91921,800],{"class":53},[43,91923,932],{"class":81},[43,91925,1231],{"class":85},[43,91927,82],{"class":81},[43,91929,800],{"class":53},[43,91931,932],{"class":81},[43,91933,10055],{"class":85},[43,91935,82],{"class":81},[43,91937,3955],{"class":53},[43,91939,91940],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,91941,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,91943,91944,91946,91948,91950,91952,91954,91956,91958,91960],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,91945,6284],{"class":1927},[43,91947,69607],{"class":207},[43,91949,4203],{"class":1927},[43,91951,54126],{"class":49},[43,91953,54],{"class":53},[43,91955,11477],{"class":49},[43,91957,54],{"class":53},[43,91959,8135],{"class":236},[43,91961,69622],{"class":53},[43,91963,91964,91966,91968,91970,91972,91974,91976,91978],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,91965,1951],{"class":49},[43,91967,54],{"class":53},[43,91969,36478],{"class":236},[43,91971,800],{"class":53},[43,91973,6292],{"class":236},[43,91975,4221],{"class":53},[43,91977,36478],{"class":236},[43,91979,4209],{"class":53},[14,91981,110],{},[34,91983,91984],{"className":36,"code":36490,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,91985,91986,91992,91998],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,91987,91988,91990],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,91989,2466],{"class":63},[43,91991,36499],{"class":207},[43,91993,91994,91996],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,91995,797],{"class":63},[43,91997,36506],{"class":207},[43,91999,92000,92002],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,92001,447],{"class":63},[43,92003,36513],{"class":207},[14,92005,92006,92007,92011],{},"This works, and it uses ",[189,92008,92009],{"href":42409},[18,92010,42412],{}," to get the number of items.",[14,92013,92014],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[34,92016,92018],{"className":36,"code":92017,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[18,92019,92020,92052,92056,92068],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92021,92022,92024,92026,92028,92030,92032,92034,92036,92038,92040,92042,92044,92046,92048,92050],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92023,8104],{"class":207},[43,92025,212],{"class":211},[43,92027,3942],{"class":53},[43,92029,82],{"class":81},[43,92031,189],{"class":85},[43,92033,82],{"class":81},[43,92035,800],{"class":53},[43,92037,932],{"class":81},[43,92039,1231],{"class":85},[43,92041,82],{"class":81},[43,92043,800],{"class":53},[43,92045,932],{"class":81},[43,92047,10055],{"class":85},[43,92049,82],{"class":81},[43,92051,3955],{"class":53},[43,92053,92054],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,92055,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,92057,92058,92060,92062,92064,92066],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,92059,6284],{"class":1927},[43,92061,6287],{"class":207},[43,92063,4203],{"class":1927},[43,92065,6292],{"class":207},[43,92067,1931],{"class":53},[43,92069,92070,92072,92074,92076],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,92071,1951],{"class":49},[43,92073,54],{"class":53},[43,92075,23634],{"class":236},[43,92077,227],{"class":53},[14,92079,36917,92080,92085],{},[189,92081,92083],{"href":92082},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[18,92084,36072],{}," is usually a better choice:",[34,92087,92089],{"className":36,"code":92088,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[18,92090,92091,92123,92127,92147],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92092,92093,92095,92097,92099,92101,92103,92105,92107,92109,92111,92113,92115,92117,92119,92121],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92094,8104],{"class":207},[43,92096,212],{"class":211},[43,92098,3942],{"class":53},[43,92100,82],{"class":81},[43,92102,189],{"class":85},[43,92104,82],{"class":81},[43,92106,800],{"class":53},[43,92108,932],{"class":81},[43,92110,1231],{"class":85},[43,92112,82],{"class":81},[43,92114,800],{"class":53},[43,92116,932],{"class":81},[43,92118,10055],{"class":85},[43,92120,82],{"class":81},[43,92122,3955],{"class":53},[43,92124,92125],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,92126,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,92128,92129,92131,92133,92135,92137,92139,92141,92143,92145],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,92130,6284],{"class":1927},[43,92132,36144],{"class":207},[43,92134,800],{"class":53},[43,92136,6287],{"class":207},[43,92138,4203],{"class":1927},[43,92140,36154],{"class":49},[43,92142,54],{"class":53},[43,92144,8135],{"class":236},[43,92146,8662],{"class":53},[43,92148,92149,92151,92153,92155,92157,92159],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,92150,1951],{"class":49},[43,92152,54],{"class":53},[43,92154,36169],{"class":236},[43,92156,800],{"class":53},[43,92158,29831],{"class":236},[43,92160,227],{"class":53},[14,92162,79177,92163,315],{},[189,92164,36930,92165,36933],{"href":36929},[18,92166,36072],{},[29,92168,92170,92171,92173],{"id":92169},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[18,92172,36522],{}," to a list",[14,92175,92176,92178],{},[18,92177,36522],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[14,92180,92181,92182,325],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[18,92183,25105],{},[34,92185,92187],{"className":36,"code":92186,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[18,92188,92189],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92190,92191,92193,92195,92197,92199,92201,92203,92205],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92192,50],{"class":49},[43,92194,54],{"class":53},[43,92196,849],{"class":57},[43,92198,54],{"class":53},[43,92200,60056],{"class":49},[43,92202,54],{"class":53},[43,92204,2409],{"class":63},[43,92206,3239],{"class":53},[14,92208,110],{},[34,92210,92212],{"className":36,"code":92211,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[18,92213,92214],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92215,92216,92218,92220,92222,92224,92226,92228],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92217,4221],{"class":53},[43,92219,2466],{"class":63},[43,92221,800],{"class":53},[43,92223,5823],{"class":63},[43,92225,800],{"class":53},[43,92227,803],{"class":63},[43,92229,3955],{"class":53},[14,92231,33634],{},[150,92233,92234,92239,92242],{},[153,92235,92236,92237,2140],{},"learning how ",[18,92238,36522],{},[153,92240,92241],{},"checking your values",[153,92243,92244],{},"debugging code",[14,92246,5797],{},[34,92248,92250],{"className":36,"code":92249,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[18,92251,92252,92266,92270,92280],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92253,92254,92256,92258,92260,92262,92264],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92255,3937],{"class":207},[43,92257,212],{"class":211},[43,92259,54126],{"class":49},[43,92261,54],{"class":53},[43,92263,2835],{"class":63},[43,92265,227],{"class":53},[43,92267,92268],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,92269,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,92271,92272,92274,92276,92278],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,92273,50],{"class":49},[43,92275,54],{"class":53},[43,92277,3969],{"class":236},[43,92279,227],{"class":53},[43,92281,92282,92284,92286,92288,92290,92292],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,92283,50],{"class":49},[43,92285,54],{"class":53},[43,92287,849],{"class":57},[43,92289,54],{"class":53},[43,92291,3969],{"class":236},[43,92293,67],{"class":53},[14,92295,110],{},[34,92297,92299],{"className":36,"code":92298,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[18,92300,92301,92315],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92302,92303,92305,92307,92309,92311,92313],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92304,60056],{"class":49},[43,92306,54],{"class":53},[43,92308,2466],{"class":63},[43,92310,800],{"class":53},[43,92312,2789],{"class":63},[43,92314,227],{"class":53},[43,92316,92317,92319,92321,92323,92325,92327,92329,92331,92333],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,92318,4221],{"class":53},[43,92320,2466],{"class":63},[43,92322,800],{"class":53},[43,92324,5823],{"class":63},[43,92326,800],{"class":53},[43,92328,803],{"class":63},[43,92330,800],{"class":53},[43,92332,808],{"class":63},[43,92334,3955],{"class":53},[14,92336,92337,92338,10901,92340,92343],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[18,92339,60056],{},[18,92341,92342],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[29,92345,4842],{"id":4841},[14,92347,33863,92348,315],{},[18,92349,36522],{},[402,92351,92353],{"id":92352},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[14,92355,92356],{},"Many beginners think this:",[34,92358,92360],{"className":36,"code":92359,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[18,92361,92362],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92363,92364,92366,92368,92370,92372,92374,92376,92378,92380,92382],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92365,50],{"class":49},[43,92367,54],{"class":53},[43,92369,849],{"class":57},[43,92371,54],{"class":53},[43,92373,60056],{"class":49},[43,92375,54],{"class":53},[43,92377,797],{"class":63},[43,92379,800],{"class":53},[43,92381,4929],{"class":63},[43,92383,3239],{"class":53},[14,92385,92386],{},"will produce:",[34,92388,92390],{"className":36,"code":92389,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,92391,92392],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92393,92394,92396,92398,92400,92402,92404,92406,92408,92410,92412,92414],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92395,4221],{"class":53},[43,92397,797],{"class":63},[43,92399,800],{"class":53},[43,92401,803],{"class":63},[43,92403,800],{"class":53},[43,92405,808],{"class":63},[43,92407,800],{"class":53},[43,92409,2789],{"class":63},[43,92411,800],{"class":53},[43,92413,4929],{"class":63},[43,92415,3955],{"class":53},[14,92417,92418],{},"But the real output is:",[34,92420,92421],{"className":36,"code":53561,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,92422,92423],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92424,92425,92427,92429,92431,92433,92435,92437,92439,92441],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92426,4221],{"class":53},[43,92428,797],{"class":63},[43,92430,800],{"class":53},[43,92432,803],{"class":63},[43,92434,800],{"class":53},[43,92436,808],{"class":63},[43,92438,800],{"class":53},[43,92440,2789],{"class":63},[43,92442,3955],{"class":53},[14,92444,92445],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[402,92447,4903,92449,92451,92452],{"id":92448},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[18,92450,90913],{}," starts at ",[18,92453,797],{},[14,92455,37793,92456,19286,92458,315],{},[18,92457,2466],{},[18,92459,797],{},[34,92461,92462],{"className":36,"code":91106,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,92463,92464],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92465,92466,92468,92470,92472,92474,92476,92478,92480],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92467,50],{"class":49},[43,92469,54],{"class":53},[43,92471,849],{"class":57},[43,92473,54],{"class":53},[43,92475,60056],{"class":49},[43,92477,54],{"class":53},[43,92479,64],{"class":63},[43,92481,3239],{"class":53},[14,92483,110],{},[34,92485,92486],{"className":36,"code":60079,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,92487,92488],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92489,92490,92492,92494,92496,92498,92500,92502,92504,92506,92508,92510],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92491,4221],{"class":53},[43,92493,2466],{"class":63},[43,92495,800],{"class":53},[43,92497,5823],{"class":63},[43,92499,800],{"class":53},[43,92501,803],{"class":63},[43,92503,800],{"class":53},[43,92505,808],{"class":63},[43,92507,800],{"class":53},[43,92509,2789],{"class":63},[43,92511,3955],{"class":53},[402,92513,92515],{"id":92514},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[14,92517,92518,92519,325],{},"This often happens with ",[18,92520,194],{},[34,92522,92524],{"className":36,"code":92523,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[18,92525,92526,92545,92549,92566],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92527,92528,92531,92533,92535,92537,92539,92541,92543],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92529,92530],{"class":207},"user_number ",[43,92532,212],{"class":211},[43,92534,1096],{"class":49},[43,92536,54],{"class":53},[43,92538,82],{"class":81},[43,92540,1914],{"class":85},[43,92542,82],{"class":81},[43,92544,227],{"class":53},[43,92546,92547],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,92548,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,92550,92551,92553,92555,92557,92559,92561,92564],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,92552,6284],{"class":1927},[43,92554,69607],{"class":207},[43,92556,4203],{"class":1927},[43,92558,54126],{"class":49},[43,92560,54],{"class":53},[43,92562,92563],{"class":236},"user_number",[43,92565,8662],{"class":53},[43,92567,92568,92570,92572,92574],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,92569,1951],{"class":49},[43,92571,54],{"class":53},[43,92573,36478],{"class":236},[43,92575,227],{"class":53},[14,92577,48564,92578,92580],{},[18,92579,194],{}," returns a string.",[14,92582,11122],{},[34,92584,92586],{"className":36,"code":92585,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[18,92587,92588,92610,92614,92630],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92589,92590,92592,92594,92596,92598,92600,92602,92604,92606,92608],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92591,92530],{"class":207},[43,92593,212],{"class":211},[43,92595,45329],{"class":57},[43,92597,54],{"class":53},[43,92599,42514],{"class":49},[43,92601,54],{"class":53},[43,92603,82],{"class":81},[43,92605,1914],{"class":85},[43,92607,82],{"class":81},[43,92609,67],{"class":53},[43,92611,92612],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,92613,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,92615,92616,92618,92620,92622,92624,92626,92628],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,92617,6284],{"class":1927},[43,92619,69607],{"class":207},[43,92621,4203],{"class":1927},[43,92623,54126],{"class":49},[43,92625,54],{"class":53},[43,92627,92563],{"class":236},[43,92629,8662],{"class":53},[43,92631,92632,92634,92636,92638],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,92633,1951],{"class":49},[43,92635,54],{"class":53},[43,92637,36478],{"class":236},[43,92639,227],{"class":53},[14,92641,92642,92643,315],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[189,92644,50578,92645],{"href":50577},[18,92646,50581],{},[402,92648,92650,92651,92653,92654],{"id":92649},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[18,92652,36396],{}," smaller than ",[18,92655,75485],{},[14,92657,92658],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[34,92660,92661],{"className":36,"code":91588,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,92662,92663],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92664,92665,92667,92669,92671,92673,92675,92677,92679,92681,92683,92685,92687,92689],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92666,50],{"class":49},[43,92668,54],{"class":53},[43,92670,849],{"class":57},[43,92672,54],{"class":53},[43,92674,60056],{"class":49},[43,92676,54],{"class":53},[43,92678,797],{"class":63},[43,92680,800],{"class":53},[43,92682,4929],{"class":63},[43,92684,800],{"class":53},[43,92686,2564],{"class":211},[43,92688,797],{"class":63},[43,92690,3239],{"class":53},[14,92692,110],{},[34,92694,92695],{"className":36,"code":38623,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,92696,92697],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92698,92699],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92700,38623],{"class":53},[14,92702,92703],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[402,92705,25940,92707],{"id":92706},"trying-to-use-step-0",[18,92708,92709],{},"step = 0",[14,92711,77628],{},[34,92713,92715],{"className":36,"code":92714,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[18,92716,92717],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92718,92719,92721,92723,92725,92727,92729,92731,92733],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92720,60056],{"class":49},[43,92722,54],{"class":53},[43,92724,797],{"class":63},[43,92726,800],{"class":53},[43,92728,6331],{"class":63},[43,92730,800],{"class":53},[43,92732,4155],{"class":63},[43,92734,227],{"class":53},[14,92736,92737],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[402,92739,1572,92741,92743],{"id":92740},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[18,92742,36522],{}," is not a list",[14,92745,92746],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[34,92748,92750],{"className":36,"code":92749,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(range(5))\n",[18,92751,92752],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92753,92754,92756,92758,92760,92762,92764],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92755,50],{"class":49},[43,92757,54],{"class":53},[43,92759,60056],{"class":49},[43,92761,54],{"class":53},[43,92763,64],{"class":63},[43,92765,67],{"class":53},[14,92767,110],{},[34,92769,92771],{"className":36,"code":92770,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"range(0, 5)\n",[18,92772,92773],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92774,92775,92777,92779,92781,92783,92785],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92776,60056],{"class":49},[43,92778,54],{"class":53},[43,92780,2466],{"class":63},[43,92782,800],{"class":53},[43,92784,4929],{"class":63},[43,92786,227],{"class":53},[14,92788,92789],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[34,92791,92792],{"className":36,"code":91106,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,92793,92794],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92795,92796,92798,92800,92802,92804,92806,92808,92810],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92797,50],{"class":49},[43,92799,54],{"class":53},[43,92801,849],{"class":57},[43,92803,54],{"class":53},[43,92805,60056],{"class":49},[43,92807,54],{"class":53},[43,92809,64],{"class":63},[43,92811,3239],{"class":53},[14,92813,110],{},[34,92815,92816],{"className":36,"code":60079,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,92817,92818],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92819,92820,92822,92824,92826,92828,92830,92832,92834,92836,92838,92840],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92821,4221],{"class":53},[43,92823,2466],{"class":63},[43,92825,800],{"class":53},[43,92827,5823],{"class":63},[43,92829,800],{"class":53},[43,92831,803],{"class":63},[43,92833,800],{"class":53},[43,92835,808],{"class":63},[43,92837,800],{"class":53},[43,92839,2789],{"class":63},[43,92841,3955],{"class":53},[29,92843,92845],{"id":92844},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[14,92847,9194,92848,82399],{},[18,92849,36522],{},[34,92851,92853],{"className":36,"code":92852,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[18,92854,92855,92869,92887,92909,92937],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,92856,92857,92859,92861,92863,92865,92867],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,92858,50],{"class":49},[43,92860,54],{"class":53},[43,92862,60056],{"class":49},[43,92864,54],{"class":53},[43,92866,64],{"class":63},[43,92868,67],{"class":53},[43,92870,92871,92873,92875,92877,92879,92881,92883,92885],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,92872,50],{"class":49},[43,92874,54],{"class":53},[43,92876,849],{"class":57},[43,92878,54],{"class":53},[43,92880,60056],{"class":49},[43,92882,54],{"class":53},[43,92884,64],{"class":63},[43,92886,3239],{"class":53},[43,92888,92889,92891,92893,92895,92897,92899,92901,92903,92905,92907],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,92890,50],{"class":49},[43,92892,54],{"class":53},[43,92894,849],{"class":57},[43,92896,54],{"class":53},[43,92898,60056],{"class":49},[43,92900,54],{"class":53},[43,92902,447],{"class":63},[43,92904,800],{"class":53},[43,92906,6686],{"class":63},[43,92908,3239],{"class":53},[43,92910,92911,92913,92915,92917,92919,92921,92923,92925,92927,92929,92931,92933,92935],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,92912,50],{"class":49},[43,92914,54],{"class":53},[43,92916,849],{"class":57},[43,92918,54],{"class":53},[43,92920,60056],{"class":49},[43,92922,54],{"class":53},[43,92924,512],{"class":63},[43,92926,800],{"class":53},[43,92928,4155],{"class":63},[43,92930,800],{"class":53},[43,92932,2564],{"class":211},[43,92934,447],{"class":63},[43,92936,3239],{"class":53},[43,92938,92939,92941,92943,92945,92947,92949,92951,92953],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,92940,50],{"class":49},[43,92942,54],{"class":53},[43,92944,248],{"class":57},[43,92946,54],{"class":53},[43,92948,60056],{"class":49},[43,92950,54],{"class":53},[43,92952,64],{"class":63},[43,92954,3239],{"class":53},[14,92956,26332],{},[150,92958,92959,92962,92965],{},[153,92960,92961],{},"what values are being created",[153,92963,92964],{},"whether the direction is correct",[153,92966,92967,92968,24941],{},"whether you are working with a ",[18,92969,60056],{},[29,92971,2162],{"id":2161},[402,92973,13023,92975,92977],{"id":92974},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[18,92976,36522],{}," include the last number?",[14,92979,92980],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[402,92982,5481,92984,92986,92987,2822],{"id":92983},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[18,92985,90913],{}," start at ",[18,92988,2466],{},[14,92990,92991,92992,315],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[18,92993,2466],{},[402,92995,5493,92997,92999],{"id":92996},"can-range-count-backward",[18,92998,36522],{}," count backward?",[14,93001,93002,93003,315],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[18,93004,93005],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[402,93007,15225,93009,26367],{"id":93008},"is-range-a-list",[18,93010,36522],{},[14,93012,26370,93013,93015,93016,24262],{},[18,93014,60056],{}," object. Use ",[18,93017,93018],{},"list(range(...))",[402,93020,5481,93022,48738],{"id":93021},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[18,93023,93024],{},"range(input())",[14,93026,93027,3802,93029,315],{},[18,93028,194],{},[18,93030,93031],{},"int(input())",[29,93033,2229],{"id":2228},[150,93035,93036,93040,93046,93052,93058],{},[153,93037,93038],{},[189,93039,36352],{"href":36351},[153,93041,93042],{},[189,93043,3894,93044,3827],{"href":42409},[18,93045,42412],{},[153,93047,93048],{},[189,93049,3894,93050,3827],{"href":92082},[18,93051,36072],{},[153,93053,93054],{},[189,93055,37844,93056,36933],{"href":36929},[18,93057,36072],{},[153,93059,93060],{},[189,93061,50578,93062],{"href":50577},[18,93063,50581],{},[2262,93065,93066],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":93068},[93069,93070,93072,93078,93086,93093,93095,93107,93108,93120],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":90922,"depth":70,"text":93071},"What range() does",{"id":91015,"depth":70,"text":93073,"children":93074},"range() syntax",[93075,93076,93077],{"id":91095,"depth":93,"text":91098},{"id":91159,"depth":93,"text":91162},{"id":91227,"depth":93,"text":91230},{"id":91298,"depth":70,"text":91299,"children":93079},[93080,93081,93082,93083,93084],{"id":91305,"depth":93,"text":90913},{"id":91368,"depth":93,"text":91371},{"id":91432,"depth":93,"text":91435},{"id":91508,"depth":93,"text":91509},{"id":76872,"depth":93,"text":93085},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91667,"depth":70,"text":93087,"children":93088},"Using range() in a for loop",[93089,93090,93091],{"id":91769,"depth":93,"text":91770},{"id":91814,"depth":93,"text":91815},{"id":91894,"depth":93,"text":93092},"range() and indexing",{"id":92169,"depth":70,"text":93094},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4841,"depth":70,"text":4842,"children":93096},[93097,93098,93100,93101,93103,93105],{"id":92352,"depth":93,"text":92353},{"id":92448,"depth":93,"text":93099},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92514,"depth":93,"text":92515},{"id":92649,"depth":93,"text":93102},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92706,"depth":93,"text":93104},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92740,"depth":93,"text":93106},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92844,"depth":70,"text":92845},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":93109},[93110,93112,93114,93116,93118],{"id":92974,"depth":93,"text":93111},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92983,"depth":93,"text":93113},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92996,"depth":93,"text":93115},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93008,"depth":93,"text":93117},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93021,"depth":93,"text":93119},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90816,"description":93121},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93128,"title":93129,"body":93130,"description":94803,"extension":2312,"meta":94804,"navigation":958,"path":94805,"seo":94806,"stem":94807,"__hash__":94808},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93131,"toc":94776},[93132,93141,93148,93165,93181,93183,93232,93240,93244,93247,93267,93269,93333,93335,93378,93381,93427,93429,93462,93472,93478,93486,93503,93505,93536,93538,93563,93568,93579,93582,93652,93654,93685,93690,93695,93712,93714,93765,93767,93800,93803,93810,93815,93819,93835,93837,93881,93883,93929,93932,93945,93950,93954,93968,93970,94021,94023,94056,94061,94063,94070,94072,94095,94097,94162,94164,94181,94184,94217,94219,94247,94257,94264,94268,94271,94289,94292,94320,94323,94341,94346,94352,94355,94377,94379,94407,94409,94412,94437,94440,94553,94555,94634,94636,94642,94647,94655,94663,94667,94670,94672,94705,94707,94715,94721,94728,94735,94738,94740,94773],[10,93133,3894,93135,10901,93137,93140],{"id":93134},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[18,93136,36522],{},[18,93138,93139],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[14,93142,93143,895,93145,93147],{},[18,93144,36522],{},[18,93146,93139],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[150,93149,93150,93158],{},[153,93151,93152,93154,93155],{},[18,93153,36522],{}," creates a ",[913,93156,93157],{},"range object",[153,93159,93160,93154,93162],{},[18,93161,93139],{},[913,93163,93164],{},"real list",[14,93166,93167,93168,93170,93171,93174,93175,93177,93178,93180],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[18,93169,90913],{}," to behave exactly like ",[18,93172,93173],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[18,93176,36522],{}," for looping, and only use ",[18,93179,93139],{}," when you actually need a list.",[29,93182,3927],{"id":3926},[34,93184,93186],{"className":36,"code":93185,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,93187,93188,93202,93215],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93189,93190,93192,93194,93196,93198,93200],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93191,3937],{"class":207},[43,93193,212],{"class":211},[43,93195,54126],{"class":49},[43,93197,54],{"class":53},[43,93199,64],{"class":63},[43,93201,227],{"class":53},[43,93203,93204,93206,93208,93210,93212],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,93205,50],{"class":49},[43,93207,54],{"class":53},[43,93209,3969],{"class":236},[43,93211,1221],{"class":53},[43,93213,93214],{"class":3984},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[43,93216,93217,93219,93221,93223,93225,93227,93229],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,93218,50],{"class":49},[43,93220,54],{"class":53},[43,93222,849],{"class":57},[43,93224,54],{"class":53},[43,93226,3969],{"class":236},[43,93228,5686],{"class":53},[43,93230,93231],{"class":3984},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,93233,133,93234,93236,93237,93239],{},[18,93235,36522],{}," for looping. Use ",[18,93238,93139],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[29,93241,93243],{"id":93242},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[14,93245,93246],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[150,93248,93249,93256,93261,93264],{},[153,93250,93251,22298,93253,93255],{},[18,93252,36522],{},[913,93254,93157],{},", not a list",[153,93257,93258,93260],{},[18,93259,93139],{}," converts that range object into a list",[153,93262,93263],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[153,93265,93266],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[14,93268,197],{},[34,93270,93272],{"className":36,"code":93271,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[18,93273,93274,93289,93308,93312,93322],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93275,93276,93279,93281,93283,93285,93287],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93277,93278],{"class":207},"r ",[43,93280,212],{"class":211},[43,93282,54126],{"class":49},[43,93284,54],{"class":53},[43,93286,64],{"class":63},[43,93288,227],{"class":53},[43,93290,93291,93294,93296,93298,93300,93302,93304,93306],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,93292,93293],{"class":207},"lst ",[43,93295,212],{"class":211},[43,93297,22883],{"class":57},[43,93299,54],{"class":53},[43,93301,60056],{"class":49},[43,93303,54],{"class":53},[43,93305,64],{"class":63},[43,93307,67],{"class":53},[43,93309,93310],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,93311,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,93313,93314,93316,93318,93320],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,93315,50],{"class":49},[43,93317,54],{"class":53},[43,93319,60563],{"class":236},[43,93321,227],{"class":53},[43,93323,93324,93326,93328,93331],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,93325,50],{"class":49},[43,93327,54],{"class":53},[43,93329,93330],{"class":236},"lst",[43,93332,227],{"class":53},[14,93334,110],{},[34,93336,93338],{"className":36,"code":93337,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,93339,93340,93354],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93341,93342,93344,93346,93348,93350,93352],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93343,60056],{"class":49},[43,93345,54],{"class":53},[43,93347,2466],{"class":63},[43,93349,800],{"class":53},[43,93351,4929],{"class":63},[43,93353,227],{"class":53},[43,93355,93356,93358,93360,93362,93364,93366,93368,93370,93372,93374,93376],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,93357,4221],{"class":53},[43,93359,2466],{"class":63},[43,93361,800],{"class":53},[43,93363,5823],{"class":63},[43,93365,800],{"class":53},[43,93367,803],{"class":63},[43,93369,800],{"class":53},[43,93371,808],{"class":63},[43,93373,800],{"class":53},[43,93375,2789],{"class":63},[43,93377,3955],{"class":53},[14,93379,93380],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[34,93382,93384],{"className":36,"code":93383,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[18,93385,93386,93404],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93387,93388,93390,93392,93394,93396,93398,93400,93402],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93389,50],{"class":49},[43,93391,54],{"class":53},[43,93393,248],{"class":57},[43,93395,54],{"class":53},[43,93397,60056],{"class":49},[43,93399,54],{"class":53},[43,93401,64],{"class":63},[43,93403,3239],{"class":53},[43,93405,93406,93408,93410,93412,93414,93416,93418,93420,93422,93424],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,93407,50],{"class":49},[43,93409,54],{"class":53},[43,93411,248],{"class":57},[43,93413,54],{"class":53},[43,93415,849],{"class":57},[43,93417,54],{"class":53},[43,93419,60056],{"class":49},[43,93421,54],{"class":53},[43,93423,64],{"class":63},[43,93425,93426],{"class":53},"))))\n",[14,93428,110],{},[34,93430,93432],{"className":36,"code":93431,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,93433,93434,93448],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93435,93436,93438,93440,93442,93444,93446],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93437,271],{"class":211},[43,93439,275],{"class":274},[43,93441,278],{"class":81},[43,93443,60056],{"class":85},[43,93445,283],{"class":81},[43,93447,286],{"class":211},[43,93449,93450,93452,93454,93456,93458,93460],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,93451,271],{"class":211},[43,93453,275],{"class":274},[43,93455,278],{"class":81},[43,93457,849],{"class":85},[43,93459,283],{"class":81},[43,93461,286],{"class":211},[14,93463,93464,93465,93467,93468,315],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[18,93466,36522],{}," works, see ",[189,93469,3894,93470,3827],{"href":93123},[18,93471,36522],{},[29,93473,3998,93475,93477],{"id":93474},"what-range-gives-you",[18,93476,36522],{}," gives you",[14,93479,93480,93482,93483,93485],{},[18,93481,36522],{}," is most often used in ",[18,93484,6284],{}," loops.",[150,93487,93488,93491,93494,93497],{},[153,93489,93490],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[153,93492,93493],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[153,93495,93496],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[153,93498,93499,93500],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[18,93501,93502],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[14,93504,197],{},[34,93506,93508],{"className":36,"code":93507,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[18,93509,93510,93526],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93511,93512,93514,93516,93518,93520,93522,93524],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93513,6284],{"class":1927},[43,93515,69607],{"class":207},[43,93517,4203],{"class":1927},[43,93519,54126],{"class":49},[43,93521,54],{"class":53},[43,93523,64],{"class":63},[43,93525,8662],{"class":53},[43,93527,93528,93530,93532,93534],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,93529,1951],{"class":49},[43,93531,54],{"class":53},[43,93533,36478],{"class":236},[43,93535,227],{"class":53},[14,93537,110],{},[34,93539,93541],{"className":36,"code":93540,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[18,93542,93543,93547,93551,93555,93559],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93544,93545],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93546,47305],{"class":63},[43,93548,93549],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,93550,46970],{"class":63},[43,93552,93553],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,93554,17379],{"class":63},[43,93556,93557],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,93558,46670],{"class":63},[43,93560,93561],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,93562,48704],{"class":63},[14,93564,21094,93565,93567],{},[18,93566,90913],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[14,93569,93570,93571,93573,93574,315],{},"This is one reason ",[18,93572,36522],{}," is so common with ",[189,93575,3894,93577,90944],{"href":93576},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[18,93578,6284],{},[14,93580,93581],{},"You can also inspect it:",[34,93583,93585],{"className":36,"code":93584,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[18,93586,93587,93609,93613,93623,93637],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93588,93589,93591,93593,93595,93597,93599,93601,93603,93605,93607],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93590,93278],{"class":207},[43,93592,212],{"class":211},[43,93594,54126],{"class":49},[43,93596,54],{"class":53},[43,93598,447],{"class":63},[43,93600,800],{"class":53},[43,93602,6331],{"class":63},[43,93604,800],{"class":53},[43,93606,803],{"class":63},[43,93608,227],{"class":53},[43,93610,93611],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,93612,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,93614,93615,93617,93619,93621],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,93616,50],{"class":49},[43,93618,54],{"class":53},[43,93620,60563],{"class":236},[43,93622,227],{"class":53},[43,93624,93625,93627,93629,93631,93633,93635],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,93626,50],{"class":49},[43,93628,54],{"class":53},[43,93630,11477],{"class":49},[43,93632,54],{"class":53},[43,93634,60563],{"class":236},[43,93636,67],{"class":53},[43,93638,93639,93641,93643,93645,93647,93650],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,93640,50],{"class":49},[43,93642,54],{"class":53},[43,93644,80653],{"class":63},[43,93646,21497],{"class":1927},[43,93648,93649],{"class":236}," r",[43,93651,227],{"class":53},[14,93653,110],{},[34,93655,93657],{"className":36,"code":93656,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[18,93658,93659,93677,93681],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93660,93661,93663,93665,93667,93669,93671,93673,93675],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93662,60056],{"class":49},[43,93664,54],{"class":53},[43,93666,447],{"class":63},[43,93668,800],{"class":53},[43,93670,6331],{"class":63},[43,93672,800],{"class":53},[43,93674,803],{"class":63},[43,93676,227],{"class":53},[43,93678,93679],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,93680,48704],{"class":63},[43,93682,93683],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,93684,4301],{"class":104},[29,93686,3998,93688,93477],{"id":93687},"what-listrange-gives-you",[18,93689,93139],{},[14,93691,93692,93694],{},[18,93693,93139],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[150,93696,93697,93700,93703,93706],{},[153,93698,93699],{},"It creates all values at once",[153,93701,93702],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[153,93704,93705],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[153,93707,93708,93709,93711],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[18,93710,36522],{}," for very large sequences",[14,93713,197],{},[34,93715,93717],{"className":36,"code":93716,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,93718,93719,93737,93741,93751],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93720,93721,93723,93725,93727,93729,93731,93733,93735],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93722,3937],{"class":207},[43,93724,212],{"class":211},[43,93726,22883],{"class":57},[43,93728,54],{"class":53},[43,93730,60056],{"class":49},[43,93732,54],{"class":53},[43,93734,64],{"class":63},[43,93736,67],{"class":53},[43,93738,93739],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,93740,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,93742,93743,93745,93747,93749],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,93744,50],{"class":49},[43,93746,54],{"class":53},[43,93748,3969],{"class":236},[43,93750,227],{"class":53},[43,93752,93753,93755,93757,93759,93761,93763],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,93754,50],{"class":49},[43,93756,54],{"class":53},[43,93758,3969],{"class":236},[43,93760,4221],{"class":53},[43,93762,447],{"class":63},[43,93764,4209],{"class":53},[14,93766,110],{},[34,93768,93770],{"className":36,"code":93769,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[18,93771,93772,93796],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93773,93774,93776,93778,93780,93782,93784,93786,93788,93790,93792,93794],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93775,4221],{"class":53},[43,93777,2466],{"class":63},[43,93779,800],{"class":53},[43,93781,5823],{"class":63},[43,93783,800],{"class":53},[43,93785,803],{"class":63},[43,93787,800],{"class":53},[43,93789,808],{"class":63},[43,93791,800],{"class":53},[43,93793,2789],{"class":63},[43,93795,3955],{"class":53},[43,93797,93798],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,93799,17379],{"class":63},[14,93801,93802],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[14,93804,93805,93806,315],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[189,93807,3894,93808,3827],{"href":64906},[18,93809,25105],{},[29,93811,5284,93813],{"id":93812},"when-to-use-range",[18,93814,36522],{},[14,93816,133,93817,10916],{},[18,93818,36522],{},[150,93820,93821,93826,93829,93832],{},[153,93822,93823,93824,91673],{},"You are writing a ",[18,93825,6284],{},[153,93827,93828],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[153,93830,93831],{},"You are working with large sequences",[153,93833,93834],{},"You do not need a real list",[14,93836,197],{},[34,93838,93840],{"className":36,"code":93839,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[18,93841,93842,93862],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93843,93844,93846,93848,93850,93852,93854,93856,93858,93860],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93845,6284],{"class":1927},[43,93847,69607],{"class":207},[43,93849,4203],{"class":1927},[43,93851,54126],{"class":49},[43,93853,54],{"class":53},[43,93855,797],{"class":63},[43,93857,800],{"class":53},[43,93859,37969],{"class":63},[43,93861,8662],{"class":53},[43,93863,93864,93866,93868,93870,93873,93875,93877,93879],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,93865,1951],{"class":49},[43,93867,54],{"class":53},[43,93869,82],{"class":81},[43,93871,93872],{"class":85},"Count:",[43,93874,82],{"class":81},[43,93876,800],{"class":53},[43,93878,36453],{"class":236},[43,93880,227],{"class":53},[14,93882,110],{},[34,93884,93886],{"className":36,"code":93885,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[18,93887,93888,93897,93905,93913,93921],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93889,93890,93893,93895],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93891,93892],{"class":207},"Count",[43,93894,325],{"class":53},[43,93896,29939],{"class":63},[43,93898,93899,93901,93903],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,93900,93892],{"class":207},[43,93902,325],{"class":53},[43,93904,45642],{"class":63},[43,93906,93907,93909,93911],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,93908,93892],{"class":207},[43,93910,325],{"class":53},[43,93912,2907],{"class":63},[43,93914,93915,93917,93919],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,93916,93892],{"class":207},[43,93918,325],{"class":53},[43,93920,23987],{"class":63},[43,93922,93923,93925,93927],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,93924,93892],{"class":207},[43,93926,325],{"class":53},[43,93928,35164],{"class":63},[14,93930,93931],{},"This is the most common use.",[14,93933,93934,93935,93937,93938,62346,93940,315],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[18,93936,36072],{}," is often a better choice than ",[18,93939,36923],{},[189,93941,36930,93943,36933],{"href":93942},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[18,93944,36072],{},[29,93946,5284,93948],{"id":93947},"when-to-use-listrange",[18,93949,93139],{},[14,93951,133,93952,10916],{},[18,93953,93139],{},[150,93955,93956,93959,93962,93965],{},[153,93957,93958],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[153,93960,93961],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[153,93963,93964],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[153,93966,93967],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[14,93969,197],{},[34,93971,93973],{"className":36,"code":93972,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,93974,93975,93993,94007,94011],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,93976,93977,93979,93981,93983,93985,93987,93989,93991],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,93978,3937],{"class":207},[43,93980,212],{"class":211},[43,93982,22883],{"class":57},[43,93984,54],{"class":53},[43,93986,60056],{"class":49},[43,93988,54],{"class":53},[43,93990,64],{"class":63},[43,93992,67],{"class":53},[43,93994,93995,93997,93999,94001,94003,94005],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,93996,3969],{"class":207},[43,93998,315],{"class":53},[43,94000,13874],{"class":236},[43,94002,54],{"class":53},[43,94004,64],{"class":63},[43,94006,227],{"class":53},[43,94008,94009],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,94010,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,94012,94013,94015,94017,94019],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,94014,50],{"class":49},[43,94016,54],{"class":53},[43,94018,3969],{"class":236},[43,94020,227],{"class":53},[14,94022,110],{},[34,94024,94026],{"className":36,"code":94025,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,94027,94028],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94029,94030,94032,94034,94036,94038,94040,94042,94044,94046,94048,94050,94052,94054],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94031,4221],{"class":53},[43,94033,2466],{"class":63},[43,94035,800],{"class":53},[43,94037,5823],{"class":63},[43,94039,800],{"class":53},[43,94041,803],{"class":63},[43,94043,800],{"class":53},[43,94045,808],{"class":63},[43,94047,800],{"class":53},[43,94049,2789],{"class":63},[43,94051,800],{"class":53},[43,94053,4929],{"class":63},[43,94055,3955],{"class":53},[14,94057,6387,94058,94060],{},[18,94059,3969],{}," is a list.",[29,94062,15918],{"id":15917},[14,94064,94065,94067,94068,315],{},[18,94066,36522],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[913,94069,37923],{},[14,94071,2453],{},[150,94073,94074,94076,94081,94086,94089],{},[153,94075,22308],{},[153,94077,94078,94079],{},"You can check its length with ",[18,94080,42412],{},[153,94082,94083,94084],{},"You can test membership with ",[18,94085,4203],{},[153,94087,94088],{},"You can index it",[153,94090,94091,94092,94094],{},"But list methods such as ",[18,94093,52708],{}," do not work on it",[14,94096,197],{},[34,94098,94100],{"className":36,"code":94099,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[18,94101,94102,94116,94120,94134,94148],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94103,94104,94106,94108,94110,94112,94114],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94105,93278],{"class":207},[43,94107,212],{"class":211},[43,94109,54126],{"class":49},[43,94111,54],{"class":53},[43,94113,64],{"class":63},[43,94115,227],{"class":53},[43,94117,94118],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,94119,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,94121,94122,94124,94126,94128,94130,94132],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,94123,50],{"class":49},[43,94125,54],{"class":53},[43,94127,60563],{"class":236},[43,94129,4221],{"class":53},[43,94131,447],{"class":63},[43,94133,4209],{"class":53},[43,94135,94136,94138,94140,94142,94144,94146],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,94137,50],{"class":49},[43,94139,54],{"class":53},[43,94141,11477],{"class":49},[43,94143,54],{"class":53},[43,94145,60563],{"class":236},[43,94147,67],{"class":53},[43,94149,94150,94152,94154,94156,94158,94160],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,94151,50],{"class":49},[43,94153,54],{"class":53},[43,94155,2409],{"class":63},[43,94157,21497],{"class":1927},[43,94159,93649],{"class":236},[43,94161,227],{"class":53},[14,94163,110],{},[34,94165,94167],{"className":36,"code":94166,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[18,94168,94169,94173,94177],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94170,94171],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94172,17379],{"class":63},[43,94174,94175],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,94176,3274],{"class":63},[43,94178,94179],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,94180,4301],{"class":104},[14,94182,94183],{},"Now compare that with this:",[34,94185,94187],{"className":36,"code":94186,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[18,94188,94189,94203],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94190,94191,94193,94195,94197,94199,94201],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94192,93278],{"class":207},[43,94194,212],{"class":211},[43,94196,54126],{"class":49},[43,94198,54],{"class":53},[43,94200,64],{"class":63},[43,94202,227],{"class":53},[43,94204,94205,94207,94209,94211,94213,94215],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,94206,60563],{"class":207},[43,94208,315],{"class":53},[43,94210,13874],{"class":236},[43,94212,54],{"class":53},[43,94214,64],{"class":63},[43,94216,227],{"class":53},[14,94218,110],{},[34,94220,94222],{"className":36,"code":94221,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[18,94223,94224],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94225,94226,94228,94230,94232,94234,94236,94238,94241,94243,94245],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94227,25995],{"class":57},[43,94229,325],{"class":53},[43,94231,278],{"class":81},[43,94233,60056],{"class":85},[43,94235,283],{"class":81},[43,94237,24941],{"class":57},[43,94239,94240],{"class":207}," has no attribute ",[43,94242,283],{"class":81},[43,94244,13874],{"class":85},[43,94246,748],{"class":81},[14,94248,94249,94250,2534,94252,2537,94254,94256],{},"If you need methods like ",[18,94251,52708],{},[18,94253,55585],{},[18,94255,64370],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[14,94258,94259,94260,315],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[189,94261,26003,94262],{"href":35742},[18,94263,34578],{},[29,94265,94267],{"id":94266},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[14,94269,94270],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[34,94272,94273],{"className":36,"code":92749,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,94274,94275],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94276,94277,94279,94281,94283,94285,94287],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94278,50],{"class":49},[43,94280,54],{"class":53},[43,94282,60056],{"class":49},[43,94284,54],{"class":53},[43,94286,64],{"class":63},[43,94288,67],{"class":53},[14,94290,94291],{},"to show:",[34,94293,94294],{"className":36,"code":60079,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,94295,94296],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94297,94298,94300,94302,94304,94306,94308,94310,94312,94314,94316,94318],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94299,4221],{"class":53},[43,94301,2466],{"class":63},[43,94303,800],{"class":53},[43,94305,5823],{"class":63},[43,94307,800],{"class":53},[43,94309,803],{"class":63},[43,94311,800],{"class":53},[43,94313,808],{"class":63},[43,94315,800],{"class":53},[43,94317,2789],{"class":63},[43,94319,3955],{"class":53},[14,94321,94322],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[34,94324,94325],{"className":36,"code":92770,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,94326,94327],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94328,94329,94331,94333,94335,94337,94339],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94330,60056],{"class":49},[43,94332,54],{"class":53},[43,94334,2466],{"class":63},[43,94336,800],{"class":53},[43,94338,4929],{"class":63},[43,94340,227],{"class":53},[14,94342,4952,94343,94345],{},[913,94344,734],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[14,94347,94348,94349,94351],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[913,94350,93157],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[14,94353,94354],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[34,94356,94357],{"className":36,"code":91106,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,94358,94359],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94360,94361,94363,94365,94367,94369,94371,94373,94375],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94362,50],{"class":49},[43,94364,54],{"class":53},[43,94366,849],{"class":57},[43,94368,54],{"class":53},[43,94370,60056],{"class":49},[43,94372,54],{"class":53},[43,94374,64],{"class":63},[43,94376,3239],{"class":53},[14,94378,110],{},[34,94380,94381],{"className":36,"code":60079,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,94382,94383],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94384,94385,94387,94389,94391,94393,94395,94397,94399,94401,94403,94405],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94386,4221],{"class":53},[43,94388,2466],{"class":63},[43,94390,800],{"class":53},[43,94392,5823],{"class":63},[43,94394,800],{"class":53},[43,94396,803],{"class":63},[43,94398,800],{"class":53},[43,94400,808],{"class":63},[43,94402,800],{"class":53},[43,94404,2789],{"class":63},[43,94406,3955],{"class":53},[29,94408,3160],{"id":3159},[14,94410,94411],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[150,94413,94414,94420,94423,94429],{},[153,94415,8738,94416,94419],{},[18,94417,94418],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[153,94421,94422],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[153,94424,94425,94426,94428],{},"Not realizing that ",[18,94427,36522],{}," is iterable but not a list",[153,94430,8738,94431,94433,94434,94436],{},[18,94432,93139],{}," when plain ",[18,94435,36522],{}," would be simpler",[14,94438,94439],{},"These quick checks can help:",[34,94441,94443],{"className":36,"code":94442,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[18,94444,94445,94459,94477,94495,94517,94535],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94446,94447,94449,94451,94453,94455,94457],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94448,50],{"class":49},[43,94450,54],{"class":53},[43,94452,60056],{"class":49},[43,94454,54],{"class":53},[43,94456,64],{"class":63},[43,94458,67],{"class":53},[43,94460,94461,94463,94465,94467,94469,94471,94473,94475],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,94462,50],{"class":49},[43,94464,54],{"class":53},[43,94466,849],{"class":57},[43,94468,54],{"class":53},[43,94470,60056],{"class":49},[43,94472,54],{"class":53},[43,94474,64],{"class":63},[43,94476,3239],{"class":53},[43,94478,94479,94481,94483,94485,94487,94489,94491,94493],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,94480,50],{"class":49},[43,94482,54],{"class":53},[43,94484,248],{"class":57},[43,94486,54],{"class":53},[43,94488,60056],{"class":49},[43,94490,54],{"class":53},[43,94492,64],{"class":63},[43,94494,3239],{"class":53},[43,94496,94497,94499,94501,94503,94505,94507,94509,94511,94513,94515],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,94498,50],{"class":49},[43,94500,54],{"class":53},[43,94502,248],{"class":57},[43,94504,54],{"class":53},[43,94506,849],{"class":57},[43,94508,54],{"class":53},[43,94510,60056],{"class":49},[43,94512,54],{"class":53},[43,94514,64],{"class":63},[43,94516,93426],{"class":53},[43,94518,94519,94521,94523,94525,94527,94529,94531,94533],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,94520,50],{"class":49},[43,94522,54],{"class":53},[43,94524,2409],{"class":63},[43,94526,21497],{"class":1927},[43,94528,54126],{"class":49},[43,94530,54],{"class":53},[43,94532,64],{"class":63},[43,94534,67],{"class":53},[43,94536,94537,94539,94541,94543,94545,94547,94549,94551],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,94538,50],{"class":49},[43,94540,54],{"class":53},[43,94542,11477],{"class":49},[43,94544,54],{"class":53},[43,94546,60056],{"class":49},[43,94548,54],{"class":53},[43,94550,64],{"class":63},[43,94552,3239],{"class":53},[14,94554,110],{},[34,94556,94558],{"className":36,"code":94557,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[18,94559,94560,94574,94598,94612,94626,94630],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94561,94562,94564,94566,94568,94570,94572],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94563,60056],{"class":49},[43,94565,54],{"class":53},[43,94567,2466],{"class":63},[43,94569,800],{"class":53},[43,94571,4929],{"class":63},[43,94573,227],{"class":53},[43,94575,94576,94578,94580,94582,94584,94586,94588,94590,94592,94594,94596],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,94577,4221],{"class":53},[43,94579,2466],{"class":63},[43,94581,800],{"class":53},[43,94583,5823],{"class":63},[43,94585,800],{"class":53},[43,94587,803],{"class":63},[43,94589,800],{"class":53},[43,94591,808],{"class":63},[43,94593,800],{"class":53},[43,94595,2789],{"class":63},[43,94597,3955],{"class":53},[43,94599,94600,94602,94604,94606,94608,94610],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,94601,271],{"class":211},[43,94603,275],{"class":274},[43,94605,278],{"class":81},[43,94607,60056],{"class":85},[43,94609,283],{"class":81},[43,94611,286],{"class":211},[43,94613,94614,94616,94618,94620,94622,94624],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,94615,271],{"class":211},[43,94617,275],{"class":274},[43,94619,278],{"class":81},[43,94621,849],{"class":85},[43,94623,283],{"class":81},[43,94625,286],{"class":211},[43,94627,94628],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,94629,4301],{"class":104},[43,94631,94632],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,94633,3274],{"class":63},[29,94635,2162],{"id":2161},[402,94637,15225,94639,94641],{"id":94638},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[18,94640,36522],{}," a list in Python?",[14,94643,46418,94644,94646],{},[18,94645,36522],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[402,94648,94650,94651,11407,94653,2822],{"id":94649},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[18,94652,36522],{},[18,94654,93139],{},[14,94656,94657,94659,94660,94662],{},[18,94658,36522],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[18,94661,93139],{}," creates a full list.",[402,94664,94666],{"id":94665},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[14,94668,94669],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[14,94671,197],{},[34,94673,94675],{"className":36,"code":94674,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[18,94676,94677,94691],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94678,94679,94681,94683,94685,94687,94689],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94680,93278],{"class":207},[43,94682,212],{"class":211},[43,94684,54126],{"class":49},[43,94686,54],{"class":53},[43,94688,64],{"class":63},[43,94690,227],{"class":53},[43,94692,94693,94695,94697,94699,94701,94703],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,94694,50],{"class":49},[43,94696,54],{"class":53},[43,94698,60563],{"class":236},[43,94700,4221],{"class":53},[43,94702,797],{"class":63},[43,94704,4209],{"class":53},[14,94706,110],{},[34,94708,94709],{"className":36,"code":46970,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,94710,94711],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94712,94713],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94714,46970],{"class":63},[402,94716,5481,94718,94720],{"id":94717},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[18,94719,94418],{}," not show all numbers?",[14,94722,94723,94724,94727],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[18,94725,94726],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[402,94729,94731,94732,94734],{"id":94730},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[18,94733,36522],{}," to a list?",[14,94736,94737],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[29,94739,2229],{"id":2228},[150,94741,94742,94748,94754,94761,94767],{},[153,94743,94744],{},[189,94745,3894,94746,3827],{"href":93123},[18,94747,36522],{},[153,94749,94750],{},[189,94751,3894,94752,3827],{"href":64906},[18,94753,25105],{},[153,94755,94756],{},[189,94757,3894,94758,94760],{"href":93576},[18,94759,6284],{}," loops explained",[153,94762,94763],{},[189,94764,37844,94765,36933],{"href":93942},[18,94766,36072],{},[153,94768,94769],{},[189,94770,26446,94771],{"href":35742},[18,94772,34578],{},[2262,94774,94775],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":94777},[94778,94779,94780,94782,94784,94786,94788,94789,94790,94791,94802],{"id":3926,"depth":70,"text":3927},{"id":93242,"depth":70,"text":93243},{"id":93474,"depth":70,"text":94781},"What range() gives you",{"id":93687,"depth":70,"text":94783},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93812,"depth":70,"text":94785},"When to use range()",{"id":93947,"depth":70,"text":94787},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15917,"depth":70,"text":15918},{"id":94266,"depth":70,"text":94267},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":94792},[94793,94795,94797,94798,94800],{"id":94638,"depth":93,"text":94794},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94649,"depth":93,"text":94796},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94665,"depth":93,"text":94666},{"id":94717,"depth":93,"text":94799},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94730,"depth":93,"text":94801},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93129,"description":94803},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94810,"title":94811,"body":94812,"description":96248,"extension":2312,"meta":96249,"navigation":958,"path":96250,"seo":96251,"stem":96252,"__hash__":96253},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94813,"toc":96214},[94814,94820,94825,94828,94842,94845,94847,94886,94888,94901,94909,94914,94930,94933,94935,94937,94958,94975,94978,95037,95039,95058,95063,95069,95072,95106,95108,95121,95124,95169,95171,95194,95201,95207,95210,95251,95253,95267,95270,95328,95330,95345,95358,95364,95370,95435,95437,95456,95458,95476,95479,95483,95489,95491,95524,95526,95539,95549,95552,95613,95615,95636,95639,95641,95657,95662,95666,95671,95676,95732,95734,95752,95755,95800,95802,95810,95815,95819,95833,95835,95867,95869,95878,95880,95884,95893,95896,95928,95930,95942,95945,95949,95954,95995,95997,96005,96008,96031,96035,96037,96046,96049,96102,96104,96113,96117,96122,96133,96135,96144,96147,96153,96156,96162,96172,96180,96187,96189,96211],[10,94815,3894,94817,3898],{"id":94816},"python-round-function-explained",[18,94818,94819],{},"round()",[14,94821,16,94822,94824],{},[18,94823,94819],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[14,94826,94827],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[150,94829,94830,94836],{},[153,94831,94832,94835],{},[18,94833,94834],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[153,94837,94838,94841],{},[18,94839,94840],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94843,94844],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[29,94846,32],{"id":31},[34,94848,94850],{"className":36,"code":94849,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[18,94851,94852,94868],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94853,94854,94856,94858,94861,94863,94866],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94855,50],{"class":49},[43,94857,54],{"class":53},[43,94859,94860],{"class":49},"round",[43,94862,54],{"class":53},[43,94864,94865],{"class":63},"3.14159",[43,94867,67],{"class":53},[43,94869,94870,94872,94874,94876,94878,94880,94882,94884],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,94871,50],{"class":49},[43,94873,54],{"class":53},[43,94875,94860],{"class":49},[43,94877,54],{"class":53},[43,94879,94865],{"class":63},[43,94881,800],{"class":53},[43,94883,803],{"class":63},[43,94885,67],{"class":53},[14,94887,110],{},[34,94889,94891],{"className":36,"code":94890,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"3\n3.14\n",[18,94892,94893,94897],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94894,94895],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94896,46670],{"class":63},[43,94898,94899],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,94900,125],{"class":63},[14,94902,133,94903,94905,94906,94908],{},[18,94904,94834],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[18,94907,94840],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[29,94910,3998,94912,4001],{"id":94911},"what-round-does",[18,94913,94819],{},[150,94915,94916,94921,94924,94927],{},[153,94917,94918,94920],{},[18,94919,94819],{}," is a built-in Python function",[153,94922,94923],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[153,94925,94926],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[153,94928,94929],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94931,94932],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[29,94934,290],{"id":289},[14,94936,2505],{},[34,94938,94940],{"className":36,"code":94939,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[18,94941,94942],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94943,94944,94946,94948,94950,94953,94956],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94945,94860],{"class":49},[43,94947,54],{"class":53},[43,94949,237],{"class":236},[43,94951,94952],{"class":53},"[,",[43,94954,94955],{"class":236}," ndigits",[43,94957,4209],{"class":53},[150,94959,94960,94965,94970],{},[153,94961,94962,94964],{},[18,94963,237],{}," is the value to round",[153,94966,94967,20362],{},[18,94968,94969],{},"ndigits",[153,94971,94972,94974],{},[18,94973,94969],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[14,94976,94977],{},"Basic examples:",[34,94979,94981],{"className":36,"code":94980,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[18,94982,94983,94998,95016],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,94984,94985,94987,94989,94991,94993,94996],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,94986,50],{"class":49},[43,94988,54],{"class":53},[43,94990,94860],{"class":49},[43,94992,54],{"class":53},[43,94994,94995],{"class":63},"7.8",[43,94997,67],{"class":53},[43,94999,95000,95002,95004,95006,95008,95010,95012,95014],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,95001,50],{"class":49},[43,95003,54],{"class":53},[43,95005,94860],{"class":49},[43,95007,54],{"class":53},[43,95009,94995],{"class":63},[43,95011,800],{"class":53},[43,95013,5823],{"class":63},[43,95015,67],{"class":53},[43,95017,95018,95020,95022,95024,95026,95029,95031,95033,95035],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,95019,50],{"class":49},[43,95021,54],{"class":53},[43,95023,94860],{"class":49},[43,95025,54],{"class":53},[43,95027,95028],{"class":63},"1234",[43,95030,800],{"class":53},[43,95032,2564],{"class":211},[43,95034,447],{"class":63},[43,95036,67],{"class":53},[14,95038,110],{},[34,95040,95042],{"className":36,"code":95041,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[18,95043,95044,95048,95053],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95045,95046],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95047,2718],{"class":63},[43,95049,95050],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,95051,95052],{"class":63},"7.8\n",[43,95054,95055],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,95056,95057],{"class":63},"1200\n",[14,95059,95060,95061,315],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[189,95062,2157],{"href":2156},[29,95064,8738,95066,95068],{"id":95065},"using-round-with-one-argument",[18,95067,94819],{}," with one argument",[14,95070,95071],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[34,95073,95075],{"className":36,"code":95074,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[18,95076,95077,95091],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95078,95079,95081,95083,95085,95087,95089],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95080,50],{"class":49},[43,95082,54],{"class":53},[43,95084,94860],{"class":49},[43,95086,54],{"class":53},[43,95088,658],{"class":63},[43,95090,67],{"class":53},[43,95092,95093,95095,95097,95099,95101,95104],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,95094,50],{"class":49},[43,95096,54],{"class":53},[43,95098,94860],{"class":49},[43,95100,54],{"class":53},[43,95102,95103],{"class":63},"4.8",[43,95105,67],{"class":53},[14,95107,110],{},[34,95109,95111],{"className":36,"code":95110,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"4\n5\n",[18,95112,95113,95117],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95114,95115],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95116,48704],{"class":63},[43,95118,95119],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,95120,3274],{"class":63},[14,95122,95123],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[34,95125,95127],{"className":36,"code":95126,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,95128,95129,95145,95155],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95130,95131,95133,95135,95138,95140,95143],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95132,1282],{"class":207},[43,95134,212],{"class":211},[43,95136,95137],{"class":49}," round",[43,95139,54],{"class":53},[43,95141,95142],{"class":63},"10.2",[43,95144,227],{"class":53},[43,95146,95147,95149,95151,95153],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,95148,50],{"class":49},[43,95150,54],{"class":53},[43,95152,1306],{"class":236},[43,95154,227],{"class":53},[43,95156,95157,95159,95161,95163,95165,95167],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,95158,50],{"class":49},[43,95160,54],{"class":53},[43,95162,248],{"class":57},[43,95164,54],{"class":53},[43,95166,1306],{"class":236},[43,95168,67],{"class":53},[14,95170,110],{},[34,95172,95174],{"className":36,"code":95173,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,95175,95176,95180],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95177,95178],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95179,2084],{"class":63},[43,95181,95182,95184,95186,95188,95190,95192],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,95183,271],{"class":211},[43,95185,275],{"class":274},[43,95187,278],{"class":81},[43,95189,2069],{"class":85},[43,95191,283],{"class":81},[43,95193,286],{"class":211},[14,95195,95196,95197,315],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[189,95198,3894,95199,3827],{"href":2151},[18,95200,2009],{},[29,95202,8738,95204,95206],{"id":95203},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[18,95205,94819],{}," with decimal places",[14,95208,95209],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[34,95211,95213],{"className":36,"code":95212,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[18,95214,95215,95233],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95216,95217,95219,95221,95223,95225,95227,95229,95231],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95218,50],{"class":49},[43,95220,54],{"class":53},[43,95222,94860],{"class":49},[43,95224,54],{"class":53},[43,95226,94865],{"class":63},[43,95228,800],{"class":53},[43,95230,803],{"class":63},[43,95232,67],{"class":53},[43,95234,95235,95237,95239,95241,95243,95245,95247,95249],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,95236,50],{"class":49},[43,95238,54],{"class":53},[43,95240,94860],{"class":49},[43,95242,54],{"class":53},[43,95244,94865],{"class":63},[43,95246,800],{"class":53},[43,95248,808],{"class":63},[43,95250,67],{"class":53},[14,95252,110],{},[34,95254,95256],{"className":36,"code":95255,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"3.14\n3.142\n",[18,95257,95258,95262],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95259,95260],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95261,125],{"class":63},[43,95263,95264],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,95265,95266],{"class":63},"3.142\n",[14,95268,95269],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[34,95271,95273],{"className":36,"code":95272,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[18,95274,95275,95284,95303,95307,95317],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95276,95277,95279,95281],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95278,365],{"class":207},[43,95280,212],{"class":211},[43,95282,95283],{"class":63}," 19.9876\n",[43,95285,95286,95289,95291,95293,95295,95297,95299,95301],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,95287,95288],{"class":207},"rounded_price ",[43,95290,212],{"class":211},[43,95292,95137],{"class":49},[43,95294,54],{"class":53},[43,95296,389],{"class":236},[43,95298,800],{"class":53},[43,95300,803],{"class":63},[43,95302,227],{"class":53},[43,95304,95305],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,95306,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,95308,95309,95311,95313,95315],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,95310,50],{"class":49},[43,95312,54],{"class":53},[43,95314,389],{"class":236},[43,95316,227],{"class":53},[43,95318,95319,95321,95323,95326],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,95320,50],{"class":49},[43,95322,54],{"class":53},[43,95324,95325],{"class":236},"rounded_price",[43,95327,227],{"class":53},[14,95329,110],{},[34,95331,95333],{"className":36,"code":95332,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[18,95334,95335,95340],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95336,95337],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95338,95339],{"class":63},"19.9876\n",[43,95341,95342],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,95343,95344],{"class":63},"19.99\n",[14,95346,95347,95348,95351,95352,2172,95354,315],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[18,95349,95350],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[189,95353,894],{"href":893},[189,95355,3894,95356,3827],{"href":3209},[18,95357,20],{},[29,95359,95361,95362],{"id":95360},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[18,95363,94969],{},[14,95365,95366,95367,95369],{},"A negative ",[18,95368,94969],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[34,95371,95373],{"className":36,"code":95372,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[18,95374,95375,95395,95415],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95376,95377,95379,95381,95383,95385,95387,95389,95391,95393],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95378,50],{"class":49},[43,95380,54],{"class":53},[43,95382,94860],{"class":49},[43,95384,54],{"class":53},[43,95386,95028],{"class":63},[43,95388,800],{"class":53},[43,95390,2564],{"class":211},[43,95392,797],{"class":63},[43,95394,67],{"class":53},[43,95396,95397,95399,95401,95403,95405,95407,95409,95411,95413],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,95398,50],{"class":49},[43,95400,54],{"class":53},[43,95402,94860],{"class":49},[43,95404,54],{"class":53},[43,95406,95028],{"class":63},[43,95408,800],{"class":53},[43,95410,2564],{"class":211},[43,95412,447],{"class":63},[43,95414,67],{"class":53},[43,95416,95417,95419,95421,95423,95425,95427,95429,95431,95433],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,95418,50],{"class":49},[43,95420,54],{"class":53},[43,95422,94860],{"class":49},[43,95424,54],{"class":53},[43,95426,95028],{"class":63},[43,95428,800],{"class":53},[43,95430,2564],{"class":211},[43,95432,2409],{"class":63},[43,95434,67],{"class":53},[14,95436,110],{},[34,95438,95440],{"className":36,"code":95439,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[18,95441,95442,95447,95451],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95443,95444],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95445,95446],{"class":63},"1230\n",[43,95448,95449],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,95450,95057],{"class":63},[43,95452,95453],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,95454,95455],{"class":63},"1000\n",[14,95457,65643],{},[150,95459,95460,95465,95471],{},[153,95461,95462,95464],{},[18,95463,65913],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[153,95466,95467,95470],{},[18,95468,95469],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[153,95472,95473,95475],{},[18,95474,47724],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[14,95477,95478],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[29,95480,95482],{"id":95481},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[14,95484,95485,95486,315],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[18,95487,95488],{},".5",[14,95490,5797],{},[34,95492,95494],{"className":36,"code":95493,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[18,95495,95496,95510],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95497,95498,95500,95502,95504,95506,95508],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95499,50],{"class":49},[43,95501,54],{"class":53},[43,95503,94860],{"class":49},[43,95505,54],{"class":53},[43,95507,1185],{"class":63},[43,95509,67],{"class":53},[43,95511,95512,95514,95516,95518,95520,95522],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,95513,50],{"class":49},[43,95515,54],{"class":53},[43,95517,94860],{"class":49},[43,95519,54],{"class":53},[43,95521,2387],{"class":63},[43,95523,67],{"class":53},[14,95525,110],{},[34,95527,95529],{"className":36,"code":95528,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"2\n4\n",[18,95530,95531,95535],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95532,95533],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95534,17379],{"class":63},[43,95536,95537],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,95538,48704],{"class":63},[14,95540,95541,95542,95545,95546,95548],{},"Python uses ",[913,95543,95544],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[18,95547,95488],{}," situations.",[14,95550,95551],{},"More examples:",[34,95553,95555],{"className":36,"code":95554,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[18,95556,95557,95571,95585,95599],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95558,95559,95561,95563,95565,95567,95569],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95560,50],{"class":49},[43,95562,54],{"class":53},[43,95564,94860],{"class":49},[43,95566,54],{"class":53},[43,95568,1199],{"class":63},[43,95570,67],{"class":53},[43,95572,95573,95575,95577,95579,95581,95583],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,95574,50],{"class":49},[43,95576,54],{"class":53},[43,95578,94860],{"class":49},[43,95580,54],{"class":53},[43,95582,1185],{"class":63},[43,95584,67],{"class":53},[43,95586,95587,95589,95591,95593,95595,95597],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,95588,50],{"class":49},[43,95590,54],{"class":53},[43,95592,94860],{"class":49},[43,95594,54],{"class":53},[43,95596,2387],{"class":63},[43,95598,67],{"class":53},[43,95600,95601,95603,95605,95607,95609,95611],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,95602,50],{"class":49},[43,95604,54],{"class":53},[43,95606,94860],{"class":49},[43,95608,54],{"class":53},[43,95610,1147],{"class":63},[43,95612,67],{"class":53},[14,95614,110],{},[34,95616,95618],{"className":36,"code":95617,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[18,95619,95620,95624,95628,95632],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95621,95622],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95623,17379],{"class":63},[43,95625,95626],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,95627,17379],{"class":63},[43,95629,95630],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,95631,48704],{"class":63},[43,95633,95634],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,95635,48704],{"class":63},[14,95637,95638],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[14,95640,2132],{},[150,95642,95643,95650],{},[153,95644,95645,2480,95648],{},[18,95646,95647],{},"round(2.5)",[18,95649,447],{},[153,95651,95652,2480,95655],{},[18,95653,95654],{},"round(3.5)",[18,95656,2835],{},[14,95658,3492,95659,95661],{},[18,95660,95488],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[29,95663,95665],{"id":95664},"return-values","Return values",[14,95667,95668,95670],{},[18,95669,94819],{}," returns the rounded value.",[14,95672,911,95673,95675],{},[913,95674,734],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[34,95677,95679],{"className":36,"code":95678,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[18,95680,95681,95690,95694,95704,95722],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95682,95683,95685,95687],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95684,1589],{"class":207},[43,95686,212],{"class":211},[43,95688,95689],{"class":63}," 3.14159\n",[43,95691,95692],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,95693,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,95695,95696,95698,95700,95702],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,95697,50],{"class":49},[43,95699,54],{"class":53},[43,95701,307],{"class":236},[43,95703,227],{"class":53},[43,95705,95706,95708,95710,95712,95714,95716,95718,95720],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,95707,50],{"class":49},[43,95709,54],{"class":53},[43,95711,94860],{"class":49},[43,95713,54],{"class":53},[43,95715,307],{"class":236},[43,95717,800],{"class":53},[43,95719,803],{"class":63},[43,95721,67],{"class":53},[43,95723,95724,95726,95728,95730],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,95725,50],{"class":49},[43,95727,54],{"class":53},[43,95729,307],{"class":236},[43,95731,227],{"class":53},[14,95733,110],{},[34,95735,95737],{"className":36,"code":95736,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[18,95738,95739,95744,95748],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95740,95741],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95742,95743],{"class":63},"3.14159\n",[43,95745,95746],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,95747,125],{"class":63},[43,95749,95750],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,95751,95743],{"class":63},[14,95753,95754],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[34,95756,95758],{"className":36,"code":95757,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[18,95759,95760,95768,95786,95790],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95761,95762,95764,95766],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95763,1589],{"class":207},[43,95765,212],{"class":211},[43,95767,95689],{"class":63},[43,95769,95770,95772,95774,95776,95778,95780,95782,95784],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,95771,1589],{"class":207},[43,95773,212],{"class":211},[43,95775,95137],{"class":49},[43,95777,54],{"class":53},[43,95779,307],{"class":236},[43,95781,800],{"class":53},[43,95783,803],{"class":63},[43,95785,227],{"class":53},[43,95787,95788],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,95789,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,95791,95792,95794,95796,95798],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,95793,50],{"class":49},[43,95795,54],{"class":53},[43,95797,307],{"class":236},[43,95799,227],{"class":53},[14,95801,110],{},[34,95803,95804],{"className":36,"code":125,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,95805,95806],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95807,95808],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95809,125],{"class":63},[29,95811,5284,95813],{"id":95812},"when-to-use-round",[18,95814,94819],{},[14,95816,133,95817,6644],{},[18,95818,94819],{},[150,95820,95821,95824,95827,95830],{},[153,95822,95823],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[153,95825,95826],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[153,95828,95829],{},"Round values before reporting results",[153,95831,95832],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[14,95834,5797],{},[34,95836,95838],{"className":36,"code":95837,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[18,95839,95840,95849],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95841,95842,95844,95846],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95843,2925],{"class":207},[43,95845,212],{"class":211},[43,95847,95848],{"class":63}," 12.67891\n",[43,95850,95851,95853,95855,95857,95859,95861,95863,95865],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,95852,50],{"class":49},[43,95854,54],{"class":53},[43,95856,94860],{"class":49},[43,95858,54],{"class":53},[43,95860,2948],{"class":236},[43,95862,800],{"class":53},[43,95864,803],{"class":63},[43,95866,67],{"class":53},[14,95868,110],{},[34,95870,95872],{"className":36,"code":95871,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"12.68\n",[18,95873,95874],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95875,95876],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95877,95871],{"class":63},[29,95879,3160],{"id":3159},[14,95881,23418,95882,315],{},[18,95883,94819],{},[402,95885,8773,95887,95889,95890,95892],{"id":95886},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[18,95888,94819],{}," to always round ",[18,95891,95488],{}," upward",[14,95894,95895],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[34,95897,95898],{"className":36,"code":95493,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,95899,95900,95914],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95901,95902,95904,95906,95908,95910,95912],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95903,50],{"class":49},[43,95905,54],{"class":53},[43,95907,94860],{"class":49},[43,95909,54],{"class":53},[43,95911,1185],{"class":63},[43,95913,67],{"class":53},[43,95915,95916,95918,95920,95922,95924,95926],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,95917,50],{"class":49},[43,95919,54],{"class":53},[43,95921,94860],{"class":49},[43,95923,54],{"class":53},[43,95925,2387],{"class":63},[43,95927,67],{"class":53},[14,95929,110],{},[34,95931,95932],{"className":36,"code":95528,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,95933,95934,95938],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95935,95936],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95937,17379],{"class":63},[43,95939,95940],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,95941,48704],{"class":63},[14,95943,95944],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[402,95946,95948],{"id":95947},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[14,95950,95951,95953],{},[18,95952,94819],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[34,95955,95957],{"className":36,"code":95956,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[18,95958,95959,95967,95981,95985],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,95960,95961,95963,95965],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,95962,1589],{"class":207},[43,95964,212],{"class":211},[43,95966,95689],{"class":63},[43,95968,95969,95971,95973,95975,95977,95979],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,95970,94860],{"class":49},[43,95972,54],{"class":53},[43,95974,307],{"class":236},[43,95976,800],{"class":53},[43,95978,803],{"class":63},[43,95980,227],{"class":53},[43,95982,95983],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,95984,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,95986,95987,95989,95991,95993],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,95988,50],{"class":49},[43,95990,54],{"class":53},[43,95992,307],{"class":236},[43,95994,227],{"class":53},[14,95996,110],{},[34,95998,95999],{"className":36,"code":95743,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,96000,96001],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96002,96003],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96004,95743],{"class":63},[14,96006,96007],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[34,96009,96011],{"className":36,"code":96010,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[18,96012,96013],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96014,96015,96017,96019,96021,96023,96025,96027,96029],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96016,1589],{"class":207},[43,96018,212],{"class":211},[43,96020,95137],{"class":49},[43,96022,54],{"class":53},[43,96024,307],{"class":236},[43,96026,800],{"class":53},[43,96028,803],{"class":63},[43,96030,227],{"class":53},[402,96032,96034],{"id":96033},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[14,96036,16723],{},[34,96038,96040],{"className":36,"code":96039,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[18,96041,96042],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96043,96044],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96045,96039],{"class":3984},[14,96047,96048],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[34,96050,96052],{"className":36,"code":96051,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[18,96053,96054,96066,96080,96084],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96055,96056,96058,96060,96062,96064],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96057,927],{"class":207},[43,96059,212],{"class":211},[43,96061,932],{"class":81},[43,96063,86],{"class":85},[43,96065,938],{"class":81},[43,96067,96068,96070,96072,96074,96076,96078],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,96069,208],{"class":207},[43,96071,212],{"class":211},[43,96073,215],{"class":57},[43,96075,54],{"class":53},[43,96077,951],{"class":236},[43,96079,227],{"class":53},[43,96081,96082],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,96083,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,96085,96086,96088,96090,96092,96094,96096,96098,96100],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,96087,50],{"class":49},[43,96089,54],{"class":53},[43,96091,94860],{"class":49},[43,96093,54],{"class":53},[43,96095,237],{"class":236},[43,96097,800],{"class":53},[43,96099,5823],{"class":63},[43,96101,67],{"class":53},[14,96103,110],{},[34,96105,96107],{"className":36,"code":96106,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"3.1\n",[18,96108,96109],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96110,96111],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96112,96106],{"class":63},[402,96114,96116],{"id":96115},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[14,96118,96119,96121],{},[18,96120,94819],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[14,96123,96124,96125,2172,96129,315],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[189,96126,96127],{"href":3209},[18,96128,20],{},[189,96130,96131],{"href":2151},[18,96132,2009],{},[29,96134,2162],{"id":2161},[402,96136,13023,96138,96140,96141,96143],{"id":96137},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[18,96139,94819],{}," always round ",[18,96142,166],{}," up?",[14,96145,96146],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[402,96148,13023,96150,96152],{"id":96149},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[18,96151,94819],{}," change the original number?",[14,96154,96155],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[402,96157,5493,96159,96161],{"id":96158},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[18,96160,94819],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[14,96163,96164,96165,96167,96168,2172,96170,315],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[18,96166,94969],{}," value like ",[18,96169,65913],{},[18,96171,95469],{},[402,96173,28653,96175,96177,96178,2822],{"id":96174},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[18,96176,94819],{}," on a string like ",[18,96179,48148],{},[14,96181,96182,96183,2172,96185,315],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[18,96184,20],{},[18,96186,2009],{},[29,96188,2229],{"id":2228},[150,96190,96191,96197,96203,96207],{},[153,96192,96193],{},[189,96194,3894,96195,3827],{"href":3209},[18,96196,20],{},[153,96198,96199],{},[189,96200,3894,96201,3827],{"href":2151},[18,96202,2009],{},[153,96204,96205],{},[189,96206,2157],{"href":2156},[153,96208,96209],{},[189,96210,2246],{"href":893},[2262,96212,96213],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":96215},[96216,96217,96219,96220,96222,96224,96226,96227,96228,96230,96237,96247],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":94911,"depth":70,"text":96218},"What round() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":95065,"depth":70,"text":96221},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95203,"depth":70,"text":96223},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95360,"depth":70,"text":96225},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95481,"depth":70,"text":95482},{"id":95664,"depth":70,"text":95665},{"id":95812,"depth":70,"text":96229},"When to use round()",{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160,"children":96231},[96232,96234,96235,96236],{"id":95886,"depth":93,"text":96233},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95947,"depth":93,"text":95948},{"id":96033,"depth":93,"text":96034},{"id":96115,"depth":93,"text":96116},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":96238},[96239,96241,96243,96245],{"id":96137,"depth":93,"text":96240},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96149,"depth":93,"text":96242},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96158,"depth":93,"text":96244},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96174,"depth":93,"text":96246},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94811,"description":96248},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96255,"title":96256,"body":96257,"description":97442,"extension":2312,"meta":97443,"navigation":958,"path":97444,"seo":97445,"stem":97446,"__hash__":97447},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96258,"toc":97416},[96259,96266,96272,96275,96277,96326,96330,96355,96360,96365,96370,96384,96395,96397,96416,96418,96434,96437,96448,96450,96452,96513,96517,96550,96557,96564,96567,96600,96603,96607,96610,96663,96667,96688,96694,96701,96708,96769,96777,96854,96858,96870,96879,96881,96887,96893,96897,96950,96953,97011,97015,97023,97026,97030,97033,97043,97045,97142,97145,97156,97159,97202,97206,97230,97233,97239,97241,97245,97270,97272,97339,97348,97350,97356,97361,97365,97368,97372,97379,97383,97388,97390,97407,97413],[10,96260,96262,96263,11638],{"id":96261},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[18,96264,96265],{},"add()",[14,96267,96268,96271],{},[18,96269,96270],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[14,96273,96274],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[29,96276,32],{"id":31},[34,96278,96280],{"className":36,"code":96279,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,96281,96282,96302,96316],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96283,96284,96286,96288,96290,96292,96294,96296,96298,96300],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96285,3937],{"class":207},[43,96287,212],{"class":211},[43,96289,1649],{"class":53},[43,96291,797],{"class":63},[43,96293,800],{"class":53},[43,96295,803],{"class":63},[43,96297,800],{"class":53},[43,96299,808],{"class":63},[43,96301,1667],{"class":53},[43,96303,96304,96306,96308,96310,96312,96314],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,96305,3969],{"class":207},[43,96307,315],{"class":53},[43,96309,82165],{"class":236},[43,96311,54],{"class":53},[43,96313,2835],{"class":63},[43,96315,227],{"class":53},[43,96317,96318,96320,96322,96324],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,96319,50],{"class":49},[43,96321,54],{"class":53},[43,96323,3969],{"class":236},[43,96325,227],{"class":53},[14,96327,96328],{},[913,96329,110],{},[34,96331,96333],{"className":36,"code":96332,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,96334,96335],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96336,96337,96339,96341,96343,96345,96347,96349,96351,96353],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96338,9594],{"class":53},[43,96340,797],{"class":63},[43,96342,800],{"class":53},[43,96344,803],{"class":63},[43,96346,800],{"class":53},[43,96348,808],{"class":63},[43,96350,800],{"class":53},[43,96352,2789],{"class":63},[43,96354,1667],{"class":53},[14,96356,133,96357,96359],{},[18,96358,96265],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[29,96361,3998,96363,4001],{"id":96362},"what-setadd-does",[18,96364,96270],{},[14,96366,96367,96369],{},[18,96368,96270],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[150,96371,96372,96375,96378,96381],{},[153,96373,96374],{},"Adds one item to a set",[153,96376,96377],{},"Changes the original set in place",[153,96379,96380],{},"Does not return a new set",[153,96382,96383],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[14,96385,96386,96387,2172,96391,315],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[189,96388,96390],{"href":96389},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[189,96392,96394],{"href":96393},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[29,96396,290],{"id":289},[34,96398,96400],{"className":36,"code":96399,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set.add(item)\n",[18,96401,96402],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96403,96404,96406,96408,96410,96412,96414],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96405,15988],{"class":207},[43,96407,315],{"class":53},[43,96409,82165],{"class":236},[43,96411,54],{"class":53},[43,96413,23634],{"class":236},[43,96415,227],{"class":53},[14,96417,11775],{},[150,96419,96420,96425,96428],{},[153,96421,55965,96422,96424],{},[18,96423,96265],{}," on an existing set",[153,96426,96427],{},"Pass exactly one item",[153,96429,96430,96431],{},"The item must be ",[913,96432,96433],{},"hashable",[14,96435,96436],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[150,96438,96439,96441,96443,96446],{},[153,96440,56518],{},[153,96442,56521],{},[153,96444,96445],{},"Tuples",[153,96447,578],{},[29,96449,11792],{"id":11791},[14,96451,11795],{},[34,96453,96455],{"className":36,"code":96454,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,96456,96457,96481,96499,96503],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96458,96459,96461,96463,96465,96467,96469,96471,96473,96475,96477,96479],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96460,13396],{"class":207},[43,96462,212],{"class":211},[43,96464,1649],{"class":53},[43,96466,82],{"class":81},[43,96468,13413],{"class":85},[43,96470,82],{"class":81},[43,96472,800],{"class":53},[43,96474,932],{"class":81},[43,96476,13430],{"class":85},[43,96478,82],{"class":81},[43,96480,1667],{"class":53},[43,96482,96483,96485,96487,96489,96491,96493,96495,96497],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,96484,17824],{"class":207},[43,96486,315],{"class":53},[43,96488,82165],{"class":236},[43,96490,54],{"class":53},[43,96492,82],{"class":81},[43,96494,17777],{"class":85},[43,96496,82],{"class":81},[43,96498,227],{"class":53},[43,96500,96501],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,96502,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,96504,96505,96507,96509,96511],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,96506,50],{"class":49},[43,96508,54],{"class":53},[43,96510,17824],{"class":236},[43,96512,227],{"class":53},[14,96514,96515],{},[913,96516,30350],{},[34,96518,96520],{"className":36,"code":96519,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[18,96521,96522],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96523,96524,96526,96528,96530,96532,96534,96536,96538,96540,96542,96544,96546,96548],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96525,9594],{"class":53},[43,96527,283],{"class":81},[43,96529,13413],{"class":85},[43,96531,283],{"class":81},[43,96533,800],{"class":53},[43,96535,278],{"class":81},[43,96537,17777],{"class":85},[43,96539,283],{"class":81},[43,96541,800],{"class":53},[43,96543,278],{"class":81},[43,96545,13430],{"class":85},[43,96547,283],{"class":81},[43,96549,1667],{"class":53},[14,96551,96552,96553,96556],{},"The new value ",[18,96554,96555],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[14,96558,96559,96560,96563],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[913,96561,96562],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[14,96565,96566],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[34,96568,96570],{"className":36,"code":96569,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[18,96571,96572],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96573,96574,96576,96578,96580,96582,96584,96586,96588,96590,96592,96594,96596,96598],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96575,9594],{"class":53},[43,96577,283],{"class":81},[43,96579,13430],{"class":85},[43,96581,283],{"class":81},[43,96583,800],{"class":53},[43,96585,278],{"class":81},[43,96587,13413],{"class":85},[43,96589,283],{"class":81},[43,96591,800],{"class":53},[43,96593,278],{"class":81},[43,96595,17777],{"class":85},[43,96597,283],{"class":81},[43,96599,1667],{"class":53},[14,96601,96602],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[29,96604,96606],{"id":96605},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[14,96608,96609],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[34,96611,96613],{"className":36,"code":96612,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,96614,96615,96635,96649,96653],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96616,96617,96619,96621,96623,96625,96627,96629,96631,96633],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96618,3937],{"class":207},[43,96620,212],{"class":211},[43,96622,1649],{"class":53},[43,96624,797],{"class":63},[43,96626,800],{"class":53},[43,96628,803],{"class":63},[43,96630,800],{"class":53},[43,96632,808],{"class":63},[43,96634,1667],{"class":53},[43,96636,96637,96639,96641,96643,96645,96647],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,96638,3969],{"class":207},[43,96640,315],{"class":53},[43,96642,82165],{"class":236},[43,96644,54],{"class":53},[43,96646,447],{"class":63},[43,96648,227],{"class":53},[43,96650,96651],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,96652,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,96654,96655,96657,96659,96661],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,96656,50],{"class":49},[43,96658,54],{"class":53},[43,96660,3969],{"class":236},[43,96662,227],{"class":53},[14,96664,96665],{},[913,96666,110],{},[34,96668,96670],{"className":36,"code":96669,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[18,96671,96672],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96673,96674,96676,96678,96680,96682,96684,96686],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96675,9594],{"class":53},[43,96677,797],{"class":63},[43,96679,800],{"class":53},[43,96681,803],{"class":63},[43,96683,800],{"class":53},[43,96685,808],{"class":63},[43,96687,1667],{"class":53},[14,96689,96690,96691,96693],{},"The set stays the same because ",[18,96692,447],{}," was already present.",[29,96695,96697,10901,96699],{"id":96696},"add-vs-update",[18,96698,96265],{},[18,96700,15276],{},[14,96702,133,96703,96705,96706,315],{},[18,96704,96265],{}," when you want to add ",[913,96707,52712],{},[34,96709,96711],{"className":36,"code":96710,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,96712,96713,96737,96755,96759],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96714,96715,96717,96719,96721,96723,96725,96727,96729,96731,96733,96735],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96716,36414],{"class":207},[43,96718,212],{"class":211},[43,96720,1649],{"class":53},[43,96722,82],{"class":81},[43,96724,189],{"class":85},[43,96726,82],{"class":81},[43,96728,800],{"class":53},[43,96730,932],{"class":81},[43,96732,1231],{"class":85},[43,96734,82],{"class":81},[43,96736,1667],{"class":53},[43,96738,96739,96741,96743,96745,96747,96749,96751,96753],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,96740,36467],{"class":207},[43,96742,315],{"class":53},[43,96744,82165],{"class":236},[43,96746,54],{"class":53},[43,96748,82],{"class":81},[43,96750,10055],{"class":85},[43,96752,82],{"class":81},[43,96754,227],{"class":53},[43,96756,96757],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,96758,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,96760,96761,96763,96765,96767],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,96762,50],{"class":49},[43,96764,54],{"class":53},[43,96766,36467],{"class":236},[43,96768,227],{"class":53},[14,96770,133,96771,96705,96773,96776],{},[18,96772,15276],{},[913,96774,96775],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[34,96778,96780],{"className":36,"code":96779,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,96781,96782,96806,96840,96844],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96783,96784,96786,96788,96790,96792,96794,96796,96798,96800,96802,96804],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96785,36414],{"class":207},[43,96787,212],{"class":211},[43,96789,1649],{"class":53},[43,96791,82],{"class":81},[43,96793,189],{"class":85},[43,96795,82],{"class":81},[43,96797,800],{"class":53},[43,96799,932],{"class":81},[43,96801,1231],{"class":85},[43,96803,82],{"class":81},[43,96805,1667],{"class":53},[43,96807,96808,96810,96812,96814,96816,96818,96820,96822,96824,96826,96828,96830,96832,96834,96836,96838],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,96809,36467],{"class":207},[43,96811,315],{"class":53},[43,96813,30785],{"class":236},[43,96815,794],{"class":53},[43,96817,82],{"class":81},[43,96819,10055],{"class":85},[43,96821,82],{"class":81},[43,96823,800],{"class":53},[43,96825,932],{"class":81},[43,96827,19090],{"class":85},[43,96829,82],{"class":81},[43,96831,800],{"class":53},[43,96833,932],{"class":81},[43,96835,60505],{"class":85},[43,96837,82],{"class":81},[43,96839,4209],{"class":53},[43,96841,96842],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,96843,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,96845,96846,96848,96850,96852],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,96847,50],{"class":49},[43,96849,54],{"class":53},[43,96851,36467],{"class":236},[43,96853,227],{"class":53},[402,96855,96857],{"id":96856},"key-difference","Key difference",[150,96859,96860,96865],{},[153,96861,96862,96864],{},[18,96863,96265],{}," adds one item",[153,96866,96867,96869],{},[18,96868,15276],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[14,96871,96872,96873,315],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[189,96874,96876,96877,11055],{"href":96875},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[18,96878,15276],{},[29,96880,903],{"id":902},[14,96882,96883,2733,96885,315],{},[18,96884,96270],{},[18,96886,4099],{},[14,96888,96889,96890,96892],{},"That means you should ",[913,96891,734],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[402,96894,96896],{"id":96895},"correct","Correct",[34,96898,96900],{"className":36,"code":96899,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,96901,96902,96922,96936,96940],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96903,96904,96906,96908,96910,96912,96914,96916,96918,96920],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96905,15950],{"class":207},[43,96907,212],{"class":211},[43,96909,1649],{"class":53},[43,96911,797],{"class":63},[43,96913,800],{"class":53},[43,96915,803],{"class":63},[43,96917,800],{"class":53},[43,96919,808],{"class":63},[43,96921,1667],{"class":53},[43,96923,96924,96926,96928,96930,96932,96934],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,96925,15988],{"class":207},[43,96927,315],{"class":53},[43,96929,82165],{"class":236},[43,96931,54],{"class":53},[43,96933,2835],{"class":63},[43,96935,227],{"class":53},[43,96937,96938],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,96939,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,96941,96942,96944,96946,96948],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,96943,50],{"class":49},[43,96945,54],{"class":53},[43,96947,15988],{"class":236},[43,96949,227],{"class":53},[402,96951,96952],{"id":61827},"Wrong",[34,96954,96956],{"className":36,"code":96955,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,96957,96958,96978,96997,97001],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,96959,96960,96962,96964,96966,96968,96970,96972,96974,96976],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,96961,15950],{"class":207},[43,96963,212],{"class":211},[43,96965,1649],{"class":53},[43,96967,797],{"class":63},[43,96969,800],{"class":53},[43,96971,803],{"class":63},[43,96973,800],{"class":53},[43,96975,808],{"class":63},[43,96977,1667],{"class":53},[43,96979,96980,96982,96984,96987,96989,96991,96993,96995],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,96981,15950],{"class":207},[43,96983,212],{"class":211},[43,96985,96986],{"class":207}," my_set",[43,96988,315],{"class":53},[43,96990,82165],{"class":236},[43,96992,54],{"class":53},[43,96994,2835],{"class":63},[43,96996,227],{"class":53},[43,96998,96999],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,97000,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,97002,97003,97005,97007,97009],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,97004,50],{"class":49},[43,97006,54],{"class":53},[43,97008,15988],{"class":236},[43,97010,227],{"class":53},[14,97012,97013],{},[913,97014,110],{},[34,97016,97017],{"className":36,"code":12126,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,97018,97019],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97020,97021],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97022,12126],{"class":104},[14,97024,97025],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[29,97027,97029],{"id":97028},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[14,97031,97032],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[150,97034,97035,97037,97039,97041],{},[153,97036,56518],{},[153,97038,56521],{},[153,97040,96445],{},[153,97042,578],{},[14,97044,197],{},[34,97046,97048],{"className":36,"code":97047,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,97049,97050,97060,97064,97078,97096,97114,97128,97132],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97051,97052,97054,97056,97058],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97053,8104],{"class":207},[43,97055,212],{"class":211},[43,97057,15955],{"class":57},[43,97059,1728],{"class":53},[43,97061,97062],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,97063,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,97065,97066,97068,97070,97072,97074,97076],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,97067,8135],{"class":207},[43,97069,315],{"class":53},[43,97071,82165],{"class":236},[43,97073,54],{"class":53},[43,97075,512],{"class":63},[43,97077,227],{"class":53},[43,97079,97080,97082,97084,97086,97088,97090,97092,97094],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,97081,8135],{"class":207},[43,97083,315],{"class":53},[43,97085,82165],{"class":236},[43,97087,54],{"class":53},[43,97089,82],{"class":81},[43,97091,710],{"class":85},[43,97093,82],{"class":81},[43,97095,227],{"class":53},[43,97097,97098,97100,97102,97104,97106,97108,97110,97112],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,97099,8135],{"class":207},[43,97101,315],{"class":53},[43,97103,82165],{"class":236},[43,97105,5836],{"class":53},[43,97107,797],{"class":63},[43,97109,800],{"class":53},[43,97111,803],{"class":63},[43,97113,67],{"class":53},[43,97115,97116,97118,97120,97122,97124,97126],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,97117,8135],{"class":207},[43,97119,315],{"class":53},[43,97121,82165],{"class":236},[43,97123,54],{"class":53},[43,97125,105],{"class":104},[43,97127,227],{"class":53},[43,97129,97130],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,97131,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,97133,97134,97136,97138,97140],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,97135,50],{"class":49},[43,97137,54],{"class":53},[43,97139,8135],{"class":236},[43,97141,227],{"class":53},[14,97143,97144],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[150,97146,97147,97150,97153],{},[153,97148,97149],{},"Lists",[153,97151,97152],{},"Dictionaries",[153,97154,97155],{},"Sets",[14,97157,97158],{},"Example that causes an error:",[34,97160,97162],{"className":36,"code":97161,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[18,97163,97164,97184],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97165,97166,97168,97170,97172,97174,97176,97178,97180,97182],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97167,8104],{"class":207},[43,97169,212],{"class":211},[43,97171,1649],{"class":53},[43,97173,797],{"class":63},[43,97175,800],{"class":53},[43,97177,803],{"class":63},[43,97179,800],{"class":53},[43,97181,808],{"class":63},[43,97183,1667],{"class":53},[43,97185,97186,97188,97190,97192,97194,97196,97198,97200],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,97187,8135],{"class":207},[43,97189,315],{"class":53},[43,97191,82165],{"class":236},[43,97193,794],{"class":53},[43,97195,2835],{"class":63},[43,97197,800],{"class":53},[43,97199,4929],{"class":63},[43,97201,4209],{"class":53},[14,97203,97204],{},[913,97205,717],{},[34,97207,97209],{"className":36,"code":97208,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[18,97210,97211],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97212,97213,97215,97217,97220,97222,97224,97226,97228],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97214,823],{"class":57},[43,97216,325],{"class":53},[43,97218,97219],{"class":207}," unhashable ",[43,97221,248],{"class":57},[43,97223,325],{"class":53},[43,97225,278],{"class":81},[43,97227,849],{"class":85},[43,97229,748],{"class":81},[14,97231,97232],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[14,97234,97235,97236,315],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[18,97237,97238],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[29,97240,3160],{"id":3159},[14,97242,15055,97243,325],{},[18,97244,96270],{},[150,97246,97247,97252,97257,97260,97267],{},[153,97248,8738,97249,97251],{},[18,97250,96265],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[153,97253,8773,97254,97256],{},[18,97255,96265],{}," to return the updated set",[153,97258,97259],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[153,97261,37529,97262,97264,97265],{},[18,97263,96270],{}," with list ",[18,97266,52708],{},[153,97268,97269],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[14,97271,71565],{},[34,97273,97275],{"className":36,"code":97274,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[18,97276,97277,97287,97301,97311,97325],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97278,97279,97281,97283,97285],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97280,50],{"class":49},[43,97282,54],{"class":53},[43,97284,15988],{"class":236},[43,97286,227],{"class":53},[43,97288,97289,97291,97293,97295,97297,97299],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,97290,50],{"class":49},[43,97292,54],{"class":53},[43,97294,248],{"class":57},[43,97296,54],{"class":53},[43,97298,15988],{"class":236},[43,97300,67],{"class":53},[43,97302,97303,97305,97307,97309],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,97304,50],{"class":49},[43,97306,54],{"class":53},[43,97308,307],{"class":236},[43,97310,227],{"class":53},[43,97312,97313,97315,97317,97319,97321,97323],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,97314,50],{"class":49},[43,97316,54],{"class":53},[43,97318,248],{"class":57},[43,97320,54],{"class":53},[43,97322,307],{"class":236},[43,97324,67],{"class":53},[43,97326,97327,97329,97331,97333,97335,97337],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,97328,32474],{"class":49},[43,97330,54],{"class":53},[43,97332,6613],{"class":57},[43,97334,315],{"class":53},[43,97336,82165],{"class":25074},[43,97338,227],{"class":53},[14,97340,97341,97342,97344,97345,315],{},"Also remember that ",[18,97343,96270],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[189,97346,53105],{"href":97347},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[29,97349,2162],{"id":2161},[402,97351,13023,97353,97355],{"id":97352},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[18,97354,96270],{}," return a new set?",[14,97357,97358,97359,315],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[18,97360,4099],{},[402,97362,97364],{"id":97363},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[14,97366,97367],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[402,97369,97371],{"id":97370},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[14,97373,133,97374,11407,97377,315],{},[18,97375,97376],{},"set.update()",[18,97378,96265],{},[402,97380,97382],{"id":97381},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[14,97384,97385,97386,315],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[18,97387,823],{},[29,97389,2229],{"id":2228},[150,97391,97392,97396,97401],{},[153,97393,97394],{},[189,97395,96390],{"href":96389},[153,97397,97398],{},[189,97399,97400],{"href":96393},"How to create a set in Python",[153,97402,97403],{},[189,97404,96876,97405,11055],{"href":96875},[18,97406,15276],{},[14,97408,97409,97410,97412],{},"Once you understand ",[18,97411,96265],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2262,97414,97415],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":97417},[97418,97419,97421,97422,97423,97424,97428,97432,97433,97434,97441],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":96362,"depth":70,"text":97420},"What set.add() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":11791,"depth":70,"text":11792},{"id":96605,"depth":70,"text":96606},{"id":96696,"depth":70,"text":97425,"children":97426},"add() vs update()",[97427],{"id":96856,"depth":93,"text":96857},{"id":902,"depth":70,"text":903,"children":97429},[97430,97431],{"id":96895,"depth":93,"text":96896},{"id":61827,"depth":93,"text":96952},{"id":97028,"depth":70,"text":97029},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":97435},[97436,97438,97439,97440],{"id":97352,"depth":93,"text":97437},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97363,"depth":93,"text":97364},{"id":97370,"depth":93,"text":97371},{"id":97381,"depth":93,"text":97382},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96256,"description":97442},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97449,"title":97450,"body":97451,"description":98620,"extension":2312,"meta":98621,"navigation":958,"path":98622,"seo":98623,"stem":98624,"__hash__":98625},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97452,"toc":98587},[97453,97458,97464,97471,97516,97518,97529,97534,97539,97543,97557,97562,97564,97566,97581,97583,97597,97599,97601,97666,97668,97678,97680,97698,97704,97711,97716,97790,97792,97809,97815,97820,97891,97893,97920,97937,97940,97946,97948,97955,97959,98026,98028,98043,98046,98099,98101,98109,98121,98123,98127,98132,98134,98183,98185,98193,98195,98240,98242,98252,98258,98266,98279,98285,98287,98316,98318,98336,98340,98343,98374,98376,98394,98398,98473,98475,98491,98498,98500,98505,98510,98516,98519,98523,98531,98538,98546,98548,98584],[10,97454,96262,97456,11638],{"id":97455},"python-set-clear-method",[18,97457,11637],{},[14,97459,97460,97463],{},[18,97461,97462],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[14,97465,97466,97467,97470],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[913,97468,97469],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[34,97472,97474],{"className":36,"code":97473,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,97475,97476,97496,97506],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97477,97478,97480,97482,97484,97486,97488,97490,97492,97494],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97479,3937],{"class":207},[43,97481,212],{"class":211},[43,97483,1649],{"class":53},[43,97485,797],{"class":63},[43,97487,800],{"class":53},[43,97489,803],{"class":63},[43,97491,800],{"class":53},[43,97493,808],{"class":63},[43,97495,1667],{"class":53},[43,97497,97498,97500,97502,97504],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,97499,3969],{"class":207},[43,97501,315],{"class":53},[43,97503,11699],{"class":236},[43,97505,1728],{"class":53},[43,97507,97508,97510,97512,97514],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,97509,50],{"class":49},[43,97511,54],{"class":53},[43,97513,3969],{"class":236},[43,97515,227],{"class":53},[14,97517,110],{},[34,97519,97521],{"className":36,"code":97520,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set()\n",[18,97522,97523],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97524,97525,97527],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97526,6613],{"class":57},[43,97528,1728],{"class":53},[14,97530,97531,97533],{},[18,97532,11637],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[29,97535,3998,97537,4001],{"id":97536},"what-setclear-does",[18,97538,97462],{},[14,97540,1073,97541,11729],{},[18,97542,11637],{},[150,97544,97545,97548,97550,97554],{},[153,97546,97547],{},"Removes every item from a set",[153,97549,96377],{},[153,97551,11740,97552],{},[18,97553,4099],{},[153,97555,97556],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[14,97558,96386,97559,71664],{},[189,97560,96390],{"href":97561},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[29,97563,290],{"id":289},[14,97565,54503],{},[34,97567,97569],{"className":36,"code":97568,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set.clear()\n",[18,97570,97571],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97572,97573,97575,97577,97579],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97574,15988],{"class":207},[43,97576,315],{"class":53},[43,97578,11699],{"class":236},[43,97580,1728],{"class":53},[14,97582,13372],{},[150,97584,97585,97588,97591,97594],{},[153,97586,97587],{},"It takes no arguments",[153,97589,97590],{},"It empties the set",[153,97592,97593],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[153,97595,97596],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[29,97598,11792],{"id":11791},[14,97600,11795],{},[34,97602,97604],{"className":36,"code":97603,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,97605,97606,97638,97642,97652,97656],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97607,97608,97610,97612,97614,97616,97618,97620,97622,97624,97626,97628,97630,97632,97634,97636],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97609,13396],{"class":207},[43,97611,212],{"class":211},[43,97613,1649],{"class":53},[43,97615,82],{"class":81},[43,97617,13413],{"class":85},[43,97619,82],{"class":81},[43,97621,800],{"class":53},[43,97623,932],{"class":81},[43,97625,17777],{"class":85},[43,97627,82],{"class":81},[43,97629,800],{"class":53},[43,97631,932],{"class":81},[43,97633,13430],{"class":85},[43,97635,82],{"class":81},[43,97637,1667],{"class":53},[43,97639,97640],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,97641,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,97643,97644,97646,97648,97650],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,97645,17824],{"class":207},[43,97647,315],{"class":53},[43,97649,11699],{"class":236},[43,97651,1728],{"class":53},[43,97653,97654],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,97655,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,97657,97658,97660,97662,97664],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,97659,50],{"class":49},[43,97661,54],{"class":53},[43,97663,17824],{"class":236},[43,97665,227],{"class":53},[14,97667,110],{},[34,97669,97670],{"className":36,"code":97520,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,97671,97672],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97673,97674,97676],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97675,6613],{"class":57},[43,97677,1728],{"class":53},[14,97679,12001],{},[150,97681,97682,97687,97692],{},[153,97683,97684,97686],{},[18,97685,17824],{}," starts with three values",[153,97688,97689,12014],{},[18,97690,97691],{},"colors.clear()",[153,97693,97694,97695,97697],{},"Printing the set shows ",[18,97696,4118],{},", which means an empty set",[29,97699,97701,97703],{"id":97700},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[18,97702,11637],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[14,97705,97706,895,97708,97710],{},[18,97707,11637],{},[18,97709,4118],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[402,97712,8738,97714],{"id":97713},"using-clear",[18,97715,11637],{},[34,97717,97719],{"className":36,"code":97718,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[18,97720,97721,97741,97751,97755,97765,97769,97779],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97722,97723,97725,97727,97729,97731,97733,97735,97737,97739],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97724,8104],{"class":207},[43,97726,212],{"class":211},[43,97728,1649],{"class":53},[43,97730,797],{"class":63},[43,97732,800],{"class":53},[43,97734,803],{"class":63},[43,97736,800],{"class":53},[43,97738,808],{"class":63},[43,97740,1667],{"class":53},[43,97742,97743,97746,97748],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,97744,97745],{"class":207},"other_name ",[43,97747,212],{"class":211},[43,97749,97750],{"class":207}," items\n",[43,97752,97753],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,97754,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,97756,97757,97759,97761,97763],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,97758,8135],{"class":207},[43,97760,315],{"class":53},[43,97762,11699],{"class":236},[43,97764,1728],{"class":53},[43,97766,97767],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,97768,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,97770,97771,97773,97775,97777],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,97772,50],{"class":49},[43,97774,54],{"class":53},[43,97776,8135],{"class":236},[43,97778,227],{"class":53},[43,97780,97781,97783,97785,97788],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,97782,50],{"class":49},[43,97784,54],{"class":53},[43,97786,97787],{"class":236},"other_name",[43,97789,227],{"class":53},[14,97791,110],{},[34,97793,97795],{"className":36,"code":97794,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set()\nset()\n",[18,97796,97797,97803],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97798,97799,97801],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97800,6613],{"class":57},[43,97802,1728],{"class":53},[43,97804,97805,97807],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,97806,6613],{"class":57},[43,97808,1728],{"class":53},[14,97810,97811,97812,315],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[913,97813,97814],{},"same set object",[402,97816,8738,97818],{"id":97817},"using-set",[18,97819,4118],{},[34,97821,97823],{"className":36,"code":97822,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[18,97824,97825,97845,97853,97857,97867,97871,97881],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97826,97827,97829,97831,97833,97835,97837,97839,97841,97843],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97828,8104],{"class":207},[43,97830,212],{"class":211},[43,97832,1649],{"class":53},[43,97834,797],{"class":63},[43,97836,800],{"class":53},[43,97838,803],{"class":63},[43,97840,800],{"class":53},[43,97842,808],{"class":63},[43,97844,1667],{"class":53},[43,97846,97847,97849,97851],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,97848,97745],{"class":207},[43,97850,212],{"class":211},[43,97852,97750],{"class":207},[43,97854,97855],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,97856,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,97858,97859,97861,97863,97865],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,97860,8104],{"class":207},[43,97862,212],{"class":211},[43,97864,15955],{"class":57},[43,97866,1728],{"class":53},[43,97868,97869],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,97870,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,97872,97873,97875,97877,97879],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,97874,50],{"class":49},[43,97876,54],{"class":53},[43,97878,8135],{"class":236},[43,97880,227],{"class":53},[43,97882,97883,97885,97887,97889],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,97884,50],{"class":49},[43,97886,54],{"class":53},[43,97888,97787],{"class":236},[43,97890,227],{"class":53},[14,97892,110],{},[34,97894,97896],{"className":36,"code":97895,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[18,97897,97898,97904],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97899,97900,97902],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97901,6613],{"class":57},[43,97903,1728],{"class":53},[43,97905,97906,97908,97910,97912,97914,97916,97918],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,97907,9594],{"class":53},[43,97909,797],{"class":63},[43,97911,800],{"class":53},[43,97913,803],{"class":63},[43,97915,800],{"class":53},[43,97917,808],{"class":63},[43,97919,1667],{"class":53},[14,97921,21094,97922,93154,97925,97928,97929,315,97931,97933,97934,97936],{},[18,97923,97924],{},"items = set()",[913,97926,97927],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[18,97930,8135],{},[10162,97932],{},"\nBut ",[18,97935,97787],{}," still points to the original set.",[14,97938,97939],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[14,97941,97942,97943,315],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[189,97944,96394],{"href":97945},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[29,97947,903],{"id":902},[14,97949,97950,14375,97952,97954],{},[18,97951,11637],{},[913,97953,734],{}," return the emptied set.",[14,97956,2206,97957,315],{},[18,97958,4099],{},[34,97960,97962],{"className":36,"code":97961,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,97963,97964,97984,97988,98002,98006,98016],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,97965,97966,97968,97970,97972,97974,97976,97978,97980,97982],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,97967,3937],{"class":207},[43,97969,212],{"class":211},[43,97971,1649],{"class":53},[43,97973,797],{"class":63},[43,97975,800],{"class":53},[43,97977,803],{"class":63},[43,97979,800],{"class":53},[43,97981,808],{"class":63},[43,97983,1667],{"class":53},[43,97985,97986],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,97987,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,97989,97990,97992,97994,97996,97998,98000],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,97991,1282],{"class":207},[43,97993,212],{"class":211},[43,97995,4586],{"class":207},[43,97997,315],{"class":53},[43,97999,11699],{"class":236},[43,98001,1728],{"class":53},[43,98003,98004],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,98005,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,98007,98008,98010,98012,98014],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,98009,50],{"class":49},[43,98011,54],{"class":53},[43,98013,1306],{"class":236},[43,98015,227],{"class":53},[43,98017,98018,98020,98022,98024],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,98019,50],{"class":49},[43,98021,54],{"class":53},[43,98023,3969],{"class":236},[43,98025,227],{"class":53},[14,98027,110],{},[34,98029,98031],{"className":36,"code":98030,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"None\nset()\n",[18,98032,98033,98037],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98034,98035],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98036,12126],{"class":104},[43,98038,98039,98041],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,98040,6613],{"class":57},[43,98042,1728],{"class":53},[14,98044,98045],{},"Do not do this:",[34,98047,98049],{"className":36,"code":98048,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,98050,98051,98071,98085,98089],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98052,98053,98055,98057,98059,98061,98063,98065,98067,98069],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98054,3937],{"class":207},[43,98056,212],{"class":211},[43,98058,1649],{"class":53},[43,98060,797],{"class":63},[43,98062,800],{"class":53},[43,98064,803],{"class":63},[43,98066,800],{"class":53},[43,98068,808],{"class":63},[43,98070,1667],{"class":53},[43,98072,98073,98075,98077,98079,98081,98083],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,98074,3937],{"class":207},[43,98076,212],{"class":211},[43,98078,4586],{"class":207},[43,98080,315],{"class":53},[43,98082,11699],{"class":236},[43,98084,1728],{"class":53},[43,98086,98087],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,98088,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,98090,98091,98093,98095,98097],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,98092,50],{"class":49},[43,98094,54],{"class":53},[43,98096,3969],{"class":236},[43,98098,227],{"class":53},[14,98100,110],{},[34,98102,98103],{"className":36,"code":12126,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,98104,98105],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98106,98107],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98108,12126],{"class":104},[14,98110,22512,98111,2733,98113,98115,98116,98118,98119,315],{},[18,98112,54616],{},[18,98114,4099],{},", and then you assign that ",[18,98117,4099],{}," back to ",[18,98120,3969],{},[29,98122,4842],{"id":4841},[14,98124,11062,98125,315],{},[18,98126,97462],{},[402,98128,12913,98130],{"id":98129},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[18,98131,11637],{},[14,98133,16966],{},[34,98135,98137],{"className":36,"code":98136,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,98138,98139,98159,98173],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98140,98141,98143,98145,98147,98149,98151,98153,98155,98157],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98142,15950],{"class":207},[43,98144,212],{"class":211},[43,98146,1649],{"class":53},[43,98148,797],{"class":63},[43,98150,800],{"class":53},[43,98152,803],{"class":63},[43,98154,800],{"class":53},[43,98156,808],{"class":63},[43,98158,1667],{"class":53},[43,98160,98161,98163,98165,98167,98169,98171],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,98162,15950],{"class":207},[43,98164,212],{"class":211},[43,98166,96986],{"class":207},[43,98168,315],{"class":53},[43,98170,11699],{"class":236},[43,98172,1728],{"class":53},[43,98174,98175,98177,98179,98181],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,98176,50],{"class":49},[43,98178,54],{"class":53},[43,98180,15988],{"class":236},[43,98182,227],{"class":53},[14,98184,110],{},[34,98186,98187],{"className":36,"code":12126,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,98188,98189],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98190,98191],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98192,12126],{"class":104},[14,98194,16978],{},[34,98196,98198],{"className":36,"code":98197,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,98199,98200,98220,98230],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98201,98202,98204,98206,98208,98210,98212,98214,98216,98218],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98203,15950],{"class":207},[43,98205,212],{"class":211},[43,98207,1649],{"class":53},[43,98209,797],{"class":63},[43,98211,800],{"class":53},[43,98213,803],{"class":63},[43,98215,800],{"class":53},[43,98217,808],{"class":63},[43,98219,1667],{"class":53},[43,98221,98222,98224,98226,98228],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,98223,15988],{"class":207},[43,98225,315],{"class":53},[43,98227,11699],{"class":236},[43,98229,1728],{"class":53},[43,98231,98232,98234,98236,98238],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,98233,50],{"class":49},[43,98235,54],{"class":53},[43,98237,15988],{"class":236},[43,98239,227],{"class":53},[14,98241,110],{},[34,98243,98244],{"className":36,"code":97520,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,98245,98246],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98247,98248,98250],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98249,6613],{"class":57},[43,98251,1728],{"class":53},[402,98253,8773,98255,98257],{"id":98254},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[18,98256,11637],{}," to remove only one item",[14,98259,98260,98262,98263,98265],{},[18,98261,11637],{}," removes ",[913,98264,4037],{}," items from the set.",[14,98267,98268,98269,2172,98274,315],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[189,98270,98272],{"href":98271},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[18,98273,55585],{},[189,98275,98277],{"href":98276},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[18,98278,13082],{},[402,98280,8738,98282,98284],{"id":98281},"using-for-an-empty-set",[18,98283,4113],{}," for an empty set",[14,98286,26014],{},[34,98288,98290],{"className":36,"code":98289,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[18,98291,98292,98301],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98293,98294,98297,98299],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98295,98296],{"class":207},"empty_value ",[43,98298,212],{"class":211},[43,98300,10154],{"class":53},[43,98302,98303,98305,98307,98309,98311,98314],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,98304,50],{"class":49},[43,98306,54],{"class":53},[43,98308,248],{"class":57},[43,98310,54],{"class":53},[43,98312,98313],{"class":236},"empty_value",[43,98315,67],{"class":53},[14,98317,110],{},[34,98319,98320],{"className":36,"code":9127,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,98321,98322],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98323,98324,98326,98328,98330,98332,98334],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98325,271],{"class":211},[43,98327,275],{"class":274},[43,98329,278],{"class":81},[43,98331,9140],{"class":85},[43,98333,283],{"class":81},[43,98335,286],{"class":211},[14,98337,98338,9107],{},[18,98339,4113],{},[14,98341,98342],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[34,98344,98346],{"className":36,"code":98345,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[18,98347,98348,98359],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98349,98350,98353,98355,98357],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98351,98352],{"class":207},"empty_set ",[43,98354,212],{"class":211},[43,98356,15955],{"class":57},[43,98358,1728],{"class":53},[43,98360,98361,98363,98365,98367,98369,98372],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,98362,50],{"class":49},[43,98364,54],{"class":53},[43,98366,248],{"class":57},[43,98368,54],{"class":53},[43,98370,98371],{"class":236},"empty_set",[43,98373,67],{"class":53},[14,98375,110],{},[34,98377,98378],{"className":36,"code":9171,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,98379,98380],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98381,98382,98384,98386,98388,98390,98392],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98383,271],{"class":211},[43,98385,275],{"class":274},[43,98387,278],{"class":81},[43,98389,6613],{"class":85},[43,98391,283],{"class":81},[43,98393,286],{"class":211},[402,98395,98397],{"id":98396},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[34,98399,98401],{"className":36,"code":98400,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[18,98402,98403,98427,98435,98439,98449,98453,98463],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98404,98405,98407,98409,98411,98413,98415,98417,98419,98421,98423,98425],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98406,1178],{"class":207},[43,98408,212],{"class":211},[43,98410,1649],{"class":53},[43,98412,82],{"class":81},[43,98414,2519],{"class":85},[43,98416,82],{"class":81},[43,98418,800],{"class":53},[43,98420,932],{"class":81},[43,98422,12063],{"class":85},[43,98424,82],{"class":81},[43,98426,1667],{"class":53},[43,98428,98429,98431,98433],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,98430,1192],{"class":207},[43,98432,212],{"class":211},[43,98434,36499],{"class":207},[43,98436,98437],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,98438,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,98440,98441,98443,98445,98447],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,98442,189],{"class":207},[43,98444,315],{"class":53},[43,98446,11699],{"class":236},[43,98448,1728],{"class":53},[43,98450,98451],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,98452,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,98454,98455,98457,98459,98461],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,98456,50],{"class":49},[43,98458,54],{"class":53},[43,98460,189],{"class":236},[43,98462,227],{"class":53},[43,98464,98465,98467,98469,98471],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,98466,50],{"class":49},[43,98468,54],{"class":53},[43,98470,1231],{"class":236},[43,98472,227],{"class":53},[14,98474,110],{},[34,98476,98477],{"className":36,"code":97794,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,98478,98479,98485],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98480,98481,98483],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98482,6613],{"class":57},[43,98484,1728],{"class":53},[43,98486,98487,98489],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,98488,6613],{"class":57},[43,98490,1728],{"class":53},[14,98492,2194,98493,895,98495,98497],{},[18,98494,189],{},[18,98496,1231],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[29,98499,2162],{"id":2161},[402,98501,5466,98503,5469],{"id":98502},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[18,98504,97462],{},[14,98506,2206,98507,98509],{},[18,98508,4099],{},". It empties the set in place.",[402,98511,13023,98513,98515],{"id":98512},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[18,98514,11637],{}," delete the set variable?",[14,98517,98518],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[402,98520,98522],{"id":98521},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[14,98524,98525,98526,98528,98529,315],{},"You already have one after ",[18,98527,11637],{},". Printing it shows ",[18,98530,4118],{},[402,98532,5503,98534,895,98536,2822],{"id":98533},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[18,98535,11637],{},[18,98537,4118],{},[14,98539,98540,98542,98543,98545],{},[18,98541,11637],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[18,98544,4118],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[29,98547,2229],{"id":2228},[150,98549,98550,98554,98558,98565,98571,98577],{},[153,98551,98552],{},[189,98553,96390],{"href":97561},[153,98555,98556],{},[189,98557,97400],{"href":97945},[153,98559,98560],{},[189,98561,96876,98563,11055],{"href":98562},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[18,98564,96265],{},[153,98566,98567],{},[189,98568,96876,98569,11055],{"href":98271},[18,98570,55585],{},[153,98572,98573],{},[189,98574,96876,98575,11055],{"href":98276},[18,98576,13082],{},[153,98578,98579],{},[189,98580,96876,98582,11055],{"href":98581},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[18,98583,15276],{},[2262,98585,98586],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":98588},[98589,98591,98592,98593,98600,98601,98610,98619],{"id":97536,"depth":70,"text":98590},"What set.clear() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":11791,"depth":70,"text":11792},{"id":97700,"depth":70,"text":98594,"children":98595},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98596,98598],{"id":97713,"depth":93,"text":98597},"Using clear()",{"id":97817,"depth":93,"text":98599},"Using set()",{"id":902,"depth":70,"text":903},{"id":4841,"depth":70,"text":4842,"children":98602},[98603,98605,98607,98609],{"id":98129,"depth":93,"text":98604},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98254,"depth":93,"text":98606},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98281,"depth":93,"text":98608},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98396,"depth":93,"text":98397},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":98611},[98612,98614,98616,98617],{"id":98502,"depth":93,"text":98613},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98512,"depth":93,"text":98615},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98521,"depth":93,"text":98522},{"id":98533,"depth":93,"text":98618},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97450,"description":98620},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98627,"title":98628,"body":98629,"description":100461,"extension":2312,"meta":100462,"navigation":958,"path":96393,"seo":100463,"stem":100464,"__hash__":100465},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98630,"toc":100418},[98631,98634,98637,98640,98642,98745,98749,98796,98802,98804,98823,98827,98830,98832,98846,98855,98859,98862,98897,98901,98921,98924,98928,98931,98992,98996,99021,99028,99034,99039,99041,99053,99057,99106,99110,99134,99141,99145,99186,99190,99211,99215,99248,99252,99293,99296,99300,99305,99344,99348,99373,99378,99384,99421,99425,99448,99452,99454,99457,99460,99537,99541,99578,99581,99585,99591,99594,99604,99653,99659,99665,99692,99695,99717,99719,99750,99753,99757,99761,99800,99804,99867,99870,99903,99907,99932,99934,99937,99943,99946,99973,99976,99994,99998,100002,100005,100048,100051,100055,100058,100061,100091,100094,100098,100101,100116,100121,100125,100128,100217,100219,100222,100312,100315,100333,100335,100339,100349,100353,100361,100365,100368,100372,100375,100379,100382,100384,100412,100415],[10,98632,98628],{"id":98633},"python-set-creating-a-set",[14,98635,98636],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[14,98638,98639],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[29,98641,3927],{"id":3926},[34,98643,98645],{"className":36,"code":98644,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[18,98646,98647,98667,98701,98711,98715,98725,98735],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98648,98649,98651,98653,98655,98657,98659,98661,98663,98665],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98650,3937],{"class":207},[43,98652,212],{"class":211},[43,98654,1649],{"class":53},[43,98656,797],{"class":63},[43,98658,800],{"class":53},[43,98660,803],{"class":63},[43,98662,800],{"class":53},[43,98664,808],{"class":63},[43,98666,1667],{"class":53},[43,98668,98669,98671,98673,98675,98677,98679,98681,98683,98685,98687,98689,98691,98693,98695,98697,98699],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,98670,4392],{"class":207},[43,98672,212],{"class":211},[43,98674,15955],{"class":57},[43,98676,794],{"class":53},[43,98678,82],{"class":81},[43,98680,4401],{"class":85},[43,98682,82],{"class":81},[43,98684,800],{"class":53},[43,98686,932],{"class":81},[43,98688,4410],{"class":85},[43,98690,82],{"class":81},[43,98692,800],{"class":53},[43,98694,932],{"class":81},[43,98696,4401],{"class":85},[43,98698,82],{"class":81},[43,98700,4209],{"class":53},[43,98702,98703,98705,98707,98709],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,98704,98352],{"class":207},[43,98706,212],{"class":211},[43,98708,15955],{"class":57},[43,98710,1728],{"class":53},[43,98712,98713],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,98714,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,98716,98717,98719,98721,98723],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,98718,50],{"class":49},[43,98720,54],{"class":53},[43,98722,3969],{"class":236},[43,98724,227],{"class":53},[43,98726,98727,98729,98731,98733],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,98728,50],{"class":49},[43,98730,54],{"class":53},[43,98732,4436],{"class":236},[43,98734,227],{"class":53},[43,98736,98737,98739,98741,98743],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,98738,50],{"class":49},[43,98740,54],{"class":53},[43,98742,98371],{"class":236},[43,98744,227],{"class":53},[14,98746,98747],{},[913,98748,110],{},[34,98750,98752],{"className":36,"code":98751,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[18,98753,98754,98770,98790],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98755,98756,98758,98760,98762,98764,98766,98768],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98757,9594],{"class":53},[43,98759,797],{"class":63},[43,98761,800],{"class":53},[43,98763,803],{"class":63},[43,98765,800],{"class":53},[43,98767,808],{"class":63},[43,98769,1667],{"class":53},[43,98771,98772,98774,98776,98778,98780,98782,98784,98786,98788],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,98773,9594],{"class":53},[43,98775,283],{"class":81},[43,98777,4410],{"class":85},[43,98779,283],{"class":81},[43,98781,800],{"class":53},[43,98783,278],{"class":81},[43,98785,4401],{"class":85},[43,98787,283],{"class":81},[43,98789,1667],{"class":53},[43,98791,98792,98794],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,98793,6613],{"class":57},[43,98795,1728],{"class":53},[14,98797,98798,98799,98801],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[18,98800,4118],{}," for an empty set.",[29,98803,15485],{"id":15484},[150,98805,98806,98809,98814,98817,98820],{},[153,98807,98808],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[153,98810,98811,98812],{},"How to create a set with ",[18,98813,4118],{},[153,98815,98816],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[153,98818,98819],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[153,98821,98822],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[29,98824,98826],{"id":98825},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[14,98828,98829],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[14,98831,30861],{},[150,98833,98834,98837,98840,98843],{},[153,98835,98836],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[153,98838,98839],{},"Sets are unordered",[153,98841,98842],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[153,98844,98845],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[14,98847,98848,98849,2172,98851,315],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[189,98850,96390],{"href":97561},[189,98852,98854],{"href":98853},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[29,98856,98858],{"id":98857},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[14,98860,98861],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[34,98863,98865],{"className":36,"code":98864,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,98866,98867,98887],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98868,98869,98871,98873,98875,98877,98879,98881,98883,98885],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98870,3937],{"class":207},[43,98872,212],{"class":211},[43,98874,1649],{"class":53},[43,98876,797],{"class":63},[43,98878,800],{"class":53},[43,98880,803],{"class":63},[43,98882,800],{"class":53},[43,98884,808],{"class":63},[43,98886,1667],{"class":53},[43,98888,98889,98891,98893,98895],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,98890,50],{"class":49},[43,98892,54],{"class":53},[43,98894,3969],{"class":236},[43,98896,227],{"class":53},[14,98898,98899],{},[913,98900,30350],{},[34,98902,98903],{"className":36,"code":96669,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,98904,98905],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98906,98907,98909,98911,98913,98915,98917,98919],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98908,9594],{"class":53},[43,98910,797],{"class":63},[43,98912,800],{"class":53},[43,98914,803],{"class":63},[43,98916,800],{"class":53},[43,98918,808],{"class":63},[43,98920,1667],{"class":53},[14,98922,98923],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[402,98925,98927],{"id":98926},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[14,98929,98930],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[34,98932,98934],{"className":36,"code":98933,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,98935,98936,98968,98978],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,98937,98938,98940,98942,98944,98946,98948,98950,98952,98954,98956,98958,98960,98962,98964,98966],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,98939,3937],{"class":207},[43,98941,212],{"class":211},[43,98943,1649],{"class":53},[43,98945,797],{"class":63},[43,98947,800],{"class":53},[43,98949,803],{"class":63},[43,98951,800],{"class":53},[43,98953,803],{"class":63},[43,98955,800],{"class":53},[43,98957,808],{"class":63},[43,98959,800],{"class":53},[43,98961,808],{"class":63},[43,98963,800],{"class":53},[43,98965,808],{"class":63},[43,98967,1667],{"class":53},[43,98969,98970,98972,98974,98976],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,98971,50],{"class":49},[43,98973,54],{"class":53},[43,98975,3969],{"class":236},[43,98977,227],{"class":53},[43,98979,98980,98982,98984,98986,98988,98990],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,98981,50],{"class":49},[43,98983,54],{"class":53},[43,98985,11477],{"class":49},[43,98987,54],{"class":53},[43,98989,3969],{"class":236},[43,98991,67],{"class":53},[14,98993,98994],{},[913,98995,30350],{},[34,98997,98999],{"className":36,"code":98998,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[18,99000,99001,99017],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99002,99003,99005,99007,99009,99011,99013,99015],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99004,9594],{"class":53},[43,99006,797],{"class":63},[43,99008,800],{"class":53},[43,99010,803],{"class":63},[43,99012,800],{"class":53},[43,99014,808],{"class":63},[43,99016,1667],{"class":53},[43,99018,99019],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,99020,46670],{"class":63},[14,99022,21301,99023,895,99025,99027],{},[18,99024,447],{},[18,99026,2409],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[29,99029,99031,99032],{"id":99030},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[18,99033,4118],{},[14,99035,133,99036,99038],{},[18,99037,4118],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[14,99040,5782],{},[150,99042,99043,99045,99047,99049],{},[153,99044,97149],{},[153,99046,96445],{},[153,99048,56521],{},[153,99050,99051],{},[18,99052,36522],{},[402,99054,99056],{"id":99055},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[34,99058,99060],{"className":36,"code":99059,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,99061,99062,99096],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99063,99064,99066,99068,99070,99072,99074,99076,99078,99080,99082,99084,99086,99088,99090,99092,99094],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99065,3937],{"class":207},[43,99067,212],{"class":211},[43,99069,15955],{"class":57},[43,99071,794],{"class":53},[43,99073,797],{"class":63},[43,99075,800],{"class":53},[43,99077,803],{"class":63},[43,99079,800],{"class":53},[43,99081,803],{"class":63},[43,99083,800],{"class":53},[43,99085,808],{"class":63},[43,99087,800],{"class":53},[43,99089,808],{"class":63},[43,99091,800],{"class":53},[43,99093,2789],{"class":63},[43,99095,4209],{"class":53},[43,99097,99098,99100,99102,99104],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,99099,50],{"class":49},[43,99101,54],{"class":53},[43,99103,3969],{"class":236},[43,99105,227],{"class":53},[14,99107,99108],{},[913,99109,30350],{},[34,99111,99112],{"className":36,"code":96332,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,99113,99114],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99115,99116,99118,99120,99122,99124,99126,99128,99130,99132],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99117,9594],{"class":53},[43,99119,797],{"class":63},[43,99121,800],{"class":53},[43,99123,803],{"class":63},[43,99125,800],{"class":53},[43,99127,808],{"class":63},[43,99129,800],{"class":53},[43,99131,2789],{"class":63},[43,99133,1667],{"class":53},[14,99135,99136,99137,315],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[189,99138,99140],{"href":99139},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[402,99142,99144],{"id":99143},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[34,99146,99148],{"className":36,"code":99147,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[18,99149,99150,99176],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99151,99152,99154,99156,99158,99160,99162,99164,99166,99168,99170,99172,99174],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99153,4144],{"class":207},[43,99155,212],{"class":211},[43,99157,15955],{"class":57},[43,99159,5836],{"class":53},[43,99161,512],{"class":63},[43,99163,800],{"class":53},[43,99165,8115],{"class":63},[43,99167,800],{"class":53},[43,99169,8115],{"class":63},[43,99171,800],{"class":53},[43,99173,8120],{"class":63},[43,99175,67],{"class":53},[43,99177,99178,99180,99182,99184],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,99179,50],{"class":49},[43,99181,54],{"class":53},[43,99183,5683],{"class":236},[43,99185,227],{"class":53},[14,99187,99188],{},[913,99189,30350],{},[34,99191,99193],{"className":36,"code":99192,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[18,99194,99195],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99196,99197,99199,99201,99203,99205,99207,99209],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99198,9594],{"class":53},[43,99200,512],{"class":63},[43,99202,800],{"class":53},[43,99204,8115],{"class":63},[43,99206,800],{"class":53},[43,99208,8120],{"class":63},[43,99210,1667],{"class":53},[402,99212,99214],{"id":99213},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[34,99216,99218],{"className":36,"code":99217,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,99219,99220,99238],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99221,99222,99224,99226,99228,99230,99232,99234,99236],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99223,36414],{"class":207},[43,99225,212],{"class":211},[43,99227,15955],{"class":57},[43,99229,54],{"class":53},[43,99231,82],{"class":81},[43,99233,710],{"class":85},[43,99235,82],{"class":81},[43,99237,227],{"class":53},[43,99239,99240,99242,99244,99246],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,99241,50],{"class":49},[43,99243,54],{"class":53},[43,99245,36467],{"class":236},[43,99247,227],{"class":53},[14,99249,99250],{},[913,99251,30350],{},[34,99253,99255],{"className":36,"code":99254,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[18,99256,99257],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99258,99259,99261,99263,99265,99267,99269,99271,99273,99275,99277,99279,99281,99283,99285,99287,99289,99291],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99260,9594],{"class":53},[43,99262,283],{"class":81},[43,99264,60496],{"class":85},[43,99266,283],{"class":81},[43,99268,800],{"class":53},[43,99270,278],{"class":81},[43,99272,60505],{"class":85},[43,99274,283],{"class":81},[43,99276,800],{"class":53},[43,99278,278],{"class":81},[43,99280,60514],{"class":85},[43,99282,283],{"class":81},[43,99284,800],{"class":53},[43,99286,278],{"class":81},[43,99288,60531],{"class":85},[43,99290,283],{"class":81},[43,99292,1667],{"class":53},[14,99294,99295],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[29,99297,99299],{"id":99298},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[14,99301,99302,99303,315],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[18,99304,4118],{},[34,99306,99308],{"className":36,"code":99307,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[18,99309,99310,99320,99330],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99311,99312,99314,99316,99318],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99313,98352],{"class":207},[43,99315,212],{"class":211},[43,99317,15955],{"class":57},[43,99319,1728],{"class":53},[43,99321,99322,99324,99326,99328],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,99323,50],{"class":49},[43,99325,54],{"class":53},[43,99327,98371],{"class":236},[43,99329,227],{"class":53},[43,99331,99332,99334,99336,99338,99340,99342],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,99333,50],{"class":49},[43,99335,54],{"class":53},[43,99337,248],{"class":57},[43,99339,54],{"class":53},[43,99341,98371],{"class":236},[43,99343,67],{"class":53},[14,99345,99346],{},[913,99347,110],{},[34,99349,99351],{"className":36,"code":99350,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,99352,99353,99359],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99354,99355,99357],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99356,6613],{"class":57},[43,99358,1728],{"class":53},[43,99360,99361,99363,99365,99367,99369,99371],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,99362,271],{"class":211},[43,99364,275],{"class":274},[43,99366,278],{"class":81},[43,99368,6613],{"class":85},[43,99370,283],{"class":81},[43,99372,286],{"class":211},[402,99374,44481,99376],{"id":99375},"do-not-use",[18,99377,4113],{},[14,99379,99380,99381,99383],{},"Empty braces do ",[913,99382,734],{}," create a set.",[34,99385,99387],{"className":36,"code":99386,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[18,99388,99389,99397,99407],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99390,99391,99393,99395],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99392,98296],{"class":207},[43,99394,212],{"class":211},[43,99396,10154],{"class":53},[43,99398,99399,99401,99403,99405],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,99400,50],{"class":49},[43,99402,54],{"class":53},[43,99404,98313],{"class":236},[43,99406,227],{"class":53},[43,99408,99409,99411,99413,99415,99417,99419],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,99410,50],{"class":49},[43,99412,54],{"class":53},[43,99414,248],{"class":57},[43,99416,54],{"class":53},[43,99418,98313],{"class":236},[43,99420,67],{"class":53},[14,99422,99423],{},[913,99424,110],{},[34,99426,99428],{"className":36,"code":99427,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,99429,99430,99434],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99431,99432],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99433,9750],{"class":53},[43,99435,99436,99438,99440,99442,99444,99446],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,99437,271],{"class":211},[43,99439,275],{"class":274},[43,99441,278],{"class":81},[43,99443,9140],{"class":85},[43,99445,283],{"class":81},[43,99447,286],{"class":211},[14,99449,99450,9107],{},[18,99451,4113],{},[29,99453,72328],{"id":72327},[14,99455,99456],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[14,99458,99459],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[34,99461,99463],{"className":36,"code":99462,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,99464,99465,99513,99523],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99466,99467,99469,99471,99473,99475,99477,99479,99481,99483,99485,99487,99489,99491,99493,99495,99497,99499,99501,99503,99505,99507,99509,99511],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99468,4392],{"class":207},[43,99470,212],{"class":211},[43,99472,1649],{"class":53},[43,99474,82],{"class":81},[43,99476,4401],{"class":85},[43,99478,82],{"class":81},[43,99480,800],{"class":53},[43,99482,932],{"class":81},[43,99484,4410],{"class":85},[43,99486,82],{"class":81},[43,99488,800],{"class":53},[43,99490,932],{"class":81},[43,99492,4401],{"class":85},[43,99494,82],{"class":81},[43,99496,800],{"class":53},[43,99498,932],{"class":81},[43,99500,4401],{"class":85},[43,99502,82],{"class":81},[43,99504,800],{"class":53},[43,99506,932],{"class":81},[43,99508,33543],{"class":85},[43,99510,82],{"class":81},[43,99512,1667],{"class":53},[43,99514,99515,99517,99519,99521],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,99516,50],{"class":49},[43,99518,54],{"class":53},[43,99520,4436],{"class":236},[43,99522,227],{"class":53},[43,99524,99525,99527,99529,99531,99533,99535],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,99526,50],{"class":49},[43,99528,54],{"class":53},[43,99530,11477],{"class":49},[43,99532,54],{"class":53},[43,99534,4436],{"class":236},[43,99536,67],{"class":53},[14,99538,99539],{},[913,99540,30350],{},[34,99542,99544],{"className":36,"code":99543,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[18,99545,99546,99574],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99547,99548,99550,99552,99554,99556,99558,99560,99562,99564,99566,99568,99570,99572],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99549,9594],{"class":53},[43,99551,283],{"class":81},[43,99553,4410],{"class":85},[43,99555,283],{"class":81},[43,99557,800],{"class":53},[43,99559,278],{"class":81},[43,99561,33543],{"class":85},[43,99563,283],{"class":81},[43,99565,800],{"class":53},[43,99567,278],{"class":81},[43,99569,4401],{"class":85},[43,99571,283],{"class":81},[43,99573,1667],{"class":53},[43,99575,99576],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,99577,46670],{"class":63},[14,99579,99580],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[29,99582,99584],{"id":99583},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[14,99586,99587,99588,99590],{},"Set items must be ",[913,99589,96433],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[14,99592,99593],{},"These usually work:",[150,99595,99596,99598,99600,99602],{},[153,99597,56518],{},[153,99599,56521],{},[153,99601,96445],{},[153,99603,578],{},[34,99605,99607],{"className":36,"code":99606,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[18,99608,99609,99643],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99610,99611,99613,99615,99617,99619,99621,99623,99625,99627,99629,99631,99633,99635,99637,99639,99641],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99612,4144],{"class":207},[43,99614,212],{"class":211},[43,99616,1649],{"class":53},[43,99618,797],{"class":63},[43,99620,800],{"class":53},[43,99622,932],{"class":81},[43,99624,4401],{"class":85},[43,99626,82],{"class":81},[43,99628,800],{"class":53},[43,99630,9552],{"class":53},[43,99632,512],{"class":63},[43,99634,800],{"class":53},[43,99636,8115],{"class":63},[43,99638,9549],{"class":53},[43,99640,4237],{"class":104},[43,99642,1667],{"class":53},[43,99644,99645,99647,99649,99651],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,99646,50],{"class":49},[43,99648,54],{"class":53},[43,99650,5683],{"class":236},[43,99652,227],{"class":53},[14,99654,99655,99656,99658],{},"These do ",[913,99657,734],{}," work directly:",[150,99660,99661,99663],{},[153,99662,97149],{},[153,99664,97152],{},[34,99666,99668],{"className":36,"code":99667,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[18,99669,99670],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99671,99672,99675,99677,99680,99682,99684,99686,99688,99690],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99673,99674],{"class":207},"bad_set ",[43,99676,212],{"class":211},[43,99678,99679],{"class":53}," {[",[43,99681,797],{"class":63},[43,99683,800],{"class":53},[43,99685,803],{"class":63},[43,99687,800],{"class":53},[43,99689,808],{"class":63},[43,99691,14027],{"class":53},[14,99693,99694],{},"This raises an error:",[34,99696,99697],{"className":36,"code":97208,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,99698,99699],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99700,99701,99703,99705,99707,99709,99711,99713,99715],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99702,823],{"class":57},[43,99704,325],{"class":53},[43,99706,97219],{"class":207},[43,99708,248],{"class":57},[43,99710,325],{"class":53},[43,99712,278],{"class":81},[43,99714,849],{"class":85},[43,99716,748],{"class":81},[14,99718,52135],{},[34,99720,99722],{"className":36,"code":99721,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[18,99723,99724],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99725,99726,99728,99730,99733,99735,99737,99739,99741,99743,99745,99747],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99727,99674],{"class":207},[43,99729,212],{"class":211},[43,99731,99732],{"class":53}," {{",[43,99734,82],{"class":81},[43,99736,7992],{"class":85},[43,99738,82],{"class":81},[43,99740,325],{"class":53},[43,99742,932],{"class":81},[43,99744,8001],{"class":85},[43,99746,82],{"class":81},[43,99748,99749],{"class":53},"}}\n",[14,99751,99752],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[29,99754,99756],{"id":99755},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[402,99758,99760],{"id":99759},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[34,99762,99764],{"className":36,"code":99763,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,99765,99766,99790],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99767,99768,99770,99772,99774,99776,99778,99780,99782,99784,99786,99788],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99769,3937],{"class":207},[43,99771,212],{"class":211},[43,99773,1649],{"class":53},[43,99775,797],{"class":63},[43,99777,800],{"class":53},[43,99779,803],{"class":63},[43,99781,800],{"class":53},[43,99783,808],{"class":63},[43,99785,800],{"class":53},[43,99787,2789],{"class":63},[43,99789,1667],{"class":53},[43,99791,99792,99794,99796,99798],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,99793,50],{"class":49},[43,99795,54],{"class":53},[43,99797,3969],{"class":236},[43,99799,227],{"class":53},[402,99801,99803],{"id":99802},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[34,99805,99807],{"className":36,"code":99806,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[18,99808,99809,99837,99852,99856],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99810,99811,99813,99815,99817,99819,99821,99823,99825,99827,99829,99831,99833,99835],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99812,8104],{"class":207},[43,99814,212],{"class":211},[43,99816,3942],{"class":53},[43,99818,797],{"class":63},[43,99820,800],{"class":53},[43,99822,5823],{"class":63},[43,99824,800],{"class":53},[43,99826,803],{"class":63},[43,99828,800],{"class":53},[43,99830,808],{"class":63},[43,99832,800],{"class":53},[43,99834,808],{"class":63},[43,99836,3955],{"class":53},[43,99838,99839,99842,99844,99846,99848,99850],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,99840,99841],{"class":207},"unique_items ",[43,99843,212],{"class":211},[43,99845,15955],{"class":57},[43,99847,54],{"class":53},[43,99849,8135],{"class":236},[43,99851,227],{"class":53},[43,99853,99854],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,99855,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,99857,99858,99860,99862,99865],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,99859,50],{"class":49},[43,99861,54],{"class":53},[43,99863,99864],{"class":236},"unique_items",[43,99866,227],{"class":53},[402,99868,99214],{"id":99869},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[34,99871,99873],{"className":36,"code":99872,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,99874,99875,99893],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99876,99877,99879,99881,99883,99885,99887,99889,99891],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99878,36414],{"class":207},[43,99880,212],{"class":211},[43,99882,15955],{"class":57},[43,99884,54],{"class":53},[43,99886,82],{"class":81},[43,99888,4410],{"class":85},[43,99890,82],{"class":81},[43,99892,227],{"class":53},[43,99894,99895,99897,99899,99901],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,99896,50],{"class":49},[43,99898,54],{"class":53},[43,99900,36467],{"class":236},[43,99902,227],{"class":53},[402,99904,99906],{"id":99905},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[34,99908,99910],{"className":36,"code":99909,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[18,99911,99912,99922],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99913,99914,99916,99918,99920],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99915,98352],{"class":207},[43,99917,212],{"class":211},[43,99919,15955],{"class":57},[43,99921,1728],{"class":53},[43,99923,99924,99926,99928,99930],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,99925,50],{"class":49},[43,99927,54],{"class":53},[43,99929,98371],{"class":236},[43,99931,227],{"class":53},[29,99933,3160],{"id":3159},[14,99935,99936],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[402,99938,8738,99940,99942],{"id":99939},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[18,99941,4113],{}," and expecting an empty set",[14,99944,99945],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[34,99947,99949],{"className":36,"code":99948,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,99950,99951,99959],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99952,99953,99955,99957],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99954,1589],{"class":207},[43,99956,212],{"class":211},[43,99958,10154],{"class":53},[43,99960,99961,99963,99965,99967,99969,99971],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,99962,50],{"class":49},[43,99964,54],{"class":53},[43,99966,248],{"class":57},[43,99968,54],{"class":53},[43,99970,307],{"class":236},[43,99972,67],{"class":53},[14,99974,99975],{},"This prints:",[34,99977,99978],{"className":36,"code":9127,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,99979,99980],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,99981,99982,99984,99986,99988,99990,99992],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,99983,271],{"class":211},[43,99985,275],{"class":274},[43,99987,278],{"class":81},[43,99989,9140],{"class":85},[43,99991,283],{"class":81},[43,99993,286],{"class":211},[14,99995,133,99996,6956],{},[18,99997,4118],{},[402,99999,100001],{"id":100000},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[14,100003,100004],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[34,100006,100008],{"className":36,"code":100007,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,100009,100010,100038],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100011,100012,100014,100016,100018,100020,100022,100024,100026,100028,100030,100032,100034,100036],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100013,3937],{"class":207},[43,100015,212],{"class":211},[43,100017,1649],{"class":53},[43,100019,797],{"class":63},[43,100021,800],{"class":53},[43,100023,5823],{"class":63},[43,100025,800],{"class":53},[43,100027,803],{"class":63},[43,100029,800],{"class":53},[43,100031,803],{"class":63},[43,100033,800],{"class":53},[43,100035,808],{"class":63},[43,100037,1667],{"class":53},[43,100039,100040,100042,100044,100046],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,100041,50],{"class":49},[43,100043,54],{"class":53},[43,100045,3969],{"class":236},[43,100047,227],{"class":53},[14,100049,100050],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[402,100052,100054],{"id":100053},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[14,100056,100057],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[14,100059,100060],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[34,100062,100064],{"className":36,"code":100063,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[18,100065,100066,100086],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100067,100068,100070,100072,100074,100076,100078,100080,100082,100084],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100069,3937],{"class":207},[43,100071,212],{"class":211},[43,100073,1649],{"class":53},[43,100075,512],{"class":63},[43,100077,800],{"class":53},[43,100079,8115],{"class":63},[43,100081,800],{"class":53},[43,100083,8120],{"class":63},[43,100085,1667],{"class":53},[43,100087,100088],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,100089,100090],{"class":3984},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[14,100092,100093],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[402,100095,100097],{"id":100096},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[14,100099,100100],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[34,100102,100104],{"className":36,"code":100103,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[18,100105,100106,100111],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100107,100108],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100109,100110],{"class":3984},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[43,100112,100113],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,100114,100115],{"class":3984},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[14,100117,100118,100119,315],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[18,100120,823],{},[402,100122,100124],{"id":100123},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[14,100126,100127],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[34,100129,100131],{"className":36,"code":100130,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[18,100132,100133,100153,100185,100189,100203],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100134,100135,100137,100139,100141,100143,100145,100147,100149,100151],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100136,15950],{"class":207},[43,100138,212],{"class":211},[43,100140,1649],{"class":53},[43,100142,797],{"class":63},[43,100144,800],{"class":53},[43,100146,803],{"class":63},[43,100148,800],{"class":53},[43,100150,808],{"class":63},[43,100152,1667],{"class":53},[43,100154,100155,100157,100159,100161,100163,100165,100167,100169,100171,100173,100175,100177,100179,100181,100183],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,100156,12042],{"class":207},[43,100158,212],{"class":211},[43,100160,1649],{"class":53},[43,100162,82],{"class":81},[43,100164,189],{"class":85},[43,100166,82],{"class":81},[43,100168,325],{"class":53},[43,100170,5823],{"class":63},[43,100172,800],{"class":53},[43,100174,932],{"class":81},[43,100176,1231],{"class":85},[43,100178,82],{"class":81},[43,100180,325],{"class":53},[43,100182,803],{"class":63},[43,100184,1667],{"class":53},[43,100186,100187],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,100188,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,100190,100191,100193,100195,100197,100199,100201],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,100192,50],{"class":49},[43,100194,54],{"class":53},[43,100196,248],{"class":57},[43,100198,54],{"class":53},[43,100200,15988],{"class":236},[43,100202,67],{"class":53},[43,100204,100205,100207,100209,100211,100213,100215],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,100206,50],{"class":49},[43,100208,54],{"class":53},[43,100210,248],{"class":57},[43,100212,54],{"class":53},[43,100214,11766],{"class":236},[43,100216,67],{"class":53},[29,100218,92845],{"id":92844},[14,100220,100221],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[34,100223,100225],{"className":36,"code":100224,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[18,100226,100227,100253,100257,100271,100281,100295,100302],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100228,100229,100231,100233,100235,100237,100239,100241,100243,100245,100247,100249,100251],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100230,15950],{"class":207},[43,100232,212],{"class":211},[43,100234,15955],{"class":57},[43,100236,794],{"class":53},[43,100238,797],{"class":63},[43,100240,800],{"class":53},[43,100242,803],{"class":63},[43,100244,800],{"class":53},[43,100246,803],{"class":63},[43,100248,800],{"class":53},[43,100250,808],{"class":63},[43,100252,4209],{"class":53},[43,100254,100255],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,100256,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,100258,100259,100261,100263,100265,100267,100269],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,100260,50],{"class":49},[43,100262,54],{"class":53},[43,100264,248],{"class":57},[43,100266,54],{"class":53},[43,100268,15988],{"class":236},[43,100270,67],{"class":53},[43,100272,100273,100275,100277,100279],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,100274,50],{"class":49},[43,100276,54],{"class":53},[43,100278,15988],{"class":236},[43,100280,227],{"class":53},[43,100282,100283,100285,100287,100289,100291,100293],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,100284,50],{"class":49},[43,100286,54],{"class":53},[43,100288,11477],{"class":49},[43,100290,54],{"class":53},[43,100292,15988],{"class":236},[43,100294,67],{"class":53},[43,100296,100297,100299],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,100298,50],{"class":49},[43,100300,100301],{"class":53},"({})\n",[43,100303,100304,100306,100308,100310],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,100305,50],{"class":49},[43,100307,54],{"class":53},[43,100309,6613],{"class":57},[43,100311,341],{"class":53},[14,100313,100314],{},"Use these to confirm:",[150,100316,100317,100320,100323,100326],{},[153,100318,100319],{},"The object type",[153,100321,100322],{},"The actual values stored",[153,100324,100325],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[153,100327,100328,100329,895,100331],{},"The difference between ",[18,100330,4113],{},[18,100332,4118],{},[29,100334,2162],{"id":2161},[402,100336,100338],{"id":100337},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[14,100340,100341,100342,100345,100346,100348],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[18,100343,100344],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[18,100347,4118],{}," with another iterable.",[402,100350,100352],{"id":100351},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[14,100354,133,100355,100357,100358,100360],{},[18,100356,4118],{},". Empty braces ",[18,100359,4113],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[402,100362,100364],{"id":100363},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[14,100366,100367],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[402,100369,100371],{"id":100370},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[14,100373,100374],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[402,100376,100378],{"id":100377},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[14,100380,100381],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[29,100383,2229],{"id":2228},[150,100385,100386,100390,100396,100402,100407],{},[153,100387,100388],{},[189,100389,96390],{"href":97561},[153,100391,100392],{},[189,100393,3894,100394,11055],{"href":98562},[18,100395,96270],{},[153,100397,100398],{},[189,100399,3894,100400,11055],{"href":98581},[18,100401,97376],{},[153,100403,100404],{},[189,100405,100406],{"href":99139},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[153,100408,100409],{},[189,100410,100411],{"href":98853},"What is a set in Python?",[14,100413,100414],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2262,100416,100417],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":100419},[100420,100421,100422,100423,100426,100432,100436,100437,100438,100444,100452,100453,100460],{"id":3926,"depth":70,"text":3927},{"id":15484,"depth":70,"text":15485},{"id":98825,"depth":70,"text":98826},{"id":98857,"depth":70,"text":98858,"children":100424},[100425],{"id":98926,"depth":93,"text":98927},{"id":99030,"depth":70,"text":100427,"children":100428},"Create a set with set()",[100429,100430,100431],{"id":99055,"depth":93,"text":99056},{"id":99143,"depth":93,"text":99144},{"id":99213,"depth":93,"text":99214},{"id":99298,"depth":70,"text":99299,"children":100433},[100434],{"id":99375,"depth":93,"text":100435},"Do not use {}",{"id":72327,"depth":70,"text":72328},{"id":99583,"depth":70,"text":99584},{"id":99755,"depth":70,"text":99756,"children":100439},[100440,100441,100442,100443],{"id":99759,"depth":93,"text":99760},{"id":99802,"depth":93,"text":99803},{"id":99869,"depth":93,"text":99214},{"id":99905,"depth":93,"text":99906},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160,"children":100445},[100446,100448,100449,100450,100451],{"id":99939,"depth":93,"text":100447},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100000,"depth":93,"text":100001},{"id":100053,"depth":93,"text":100054},{"id":100096,"depth":93,"text":100097},{"id":100123,"depth":93,"text":100124},{"id":92844,"depth":70,"text":92845},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":100454},[100455,100456,100457,100458,100459],{"id":100337,"depth":93,"text":100338},{"id":100351,"depth":93,"text":100352},{"id":100363,"depth":93,"text":100364},{"id":100370,"depth":93,"text":100371},{"id":100377,"depth":93,"text":100378},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98628,"description":100461},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100467,"title":100468,"body":100469,"description":102900,"extension":2312,"meta":102901,"navigation":958,"path":102902,"seo":102903,"stem":102904,"__hash__":102905},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100470,"toc":102865},[100471,100477,100483,100486,100488,100565,100567,100584,100594,100596,100601,100609,100611,100627,100631,100633,100635,100638,100659,100662,100686,100692,100694,100791,100793,100810,100820,100822,100824,100832,100834,100845,100847,100938,100940,100964,100975,100977,100979,100982,101112,101114,101187,101189,101210,101213,101215,101221,101226,101229,101356,101358,101375,101378,101380,101388,101391,101395,101403,101494,101496,101533,101538,101545,101622,101624,101640,101645,101650,101652,101661,101669,101750,101752,101781,101784,101788,101799,101802,101885,101887,101908,101914,101916,101918,101922,101926,101933,101998,102000,102020,102023,102092,102094,102110,102114,102120,102132,102140,102142,102227,102229,102258,102261,102265,102270,102272,102322,102325,102406,102408,102424,102428,102431,102506,102509,102513,102516,102593,102595,102628,102634,102638,102641,102776,102778,102792,102794,102796,102802,102805,102812,102820,102826,102829,102833,102836,102838,102840,102862],[10,100472,96262,100474,11638],{"id":100473},"python-set-difference-method",[18,100475,100476],{},"difference()",[14,100478,100479,100482],{},[18,100480,100481],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[14,100484,100485],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[29,100487,3927],{"id":3926},[34,100489,100491],{"className":36,"code":100490,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,100492,100493,100517,100537,100555],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100494,100495,100497,100499,100501,100503,100505,100507,100509,100511,100513,100515],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100496,1178],{"class":207},[43,100498,212],{"class":211},[43,100500,1649],{"class":53},[43,100502,797],{"class":63},[43,100504,800],{"class":53},[43,100506,803],{"class":63},[43,100508,800],{"class":53},[43,100510,808],{"class":63},[43,100512,800],{"class":53},[43,100514,2789],{"class":63},[43,100516,1667],{"class":53},[43,100518,100519,100521,100523,100525,100527,100529,100531,100533,100535],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,100520,1192],{"class":207},[43,100522,212],{"class":211},[43,100524,1649],{"class":53},[43,100526,2409],{"class":63},[43,100528,800],{"class":53},[43,100530,2789],{"class":63},[43,100532,800],{"class":53},[43,100534,4929],{"class":63},[43,100536,1667],{"class":53},[43,100538,100539,100541,100543,100545,100547,100549,100551,100553],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,100540,1282],{"class":207},[43,100542,212],{"class":211},[43,100544,56944],{"class":207},[43,100546,315],{"class":53},[43,100548,3141],{"class":236},[43,100550,54],{"class":53},[43,100552,1231],{"class":236},[43,100554,227],{"class":53},[43,100556,100557,100559,100561,100563],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,100558,50],{"class":49},[43,100560,54],{"class":53},[43,100562,1306],{"class":236},[43,100564,227],{"class":53},[14,100566,110],{},[34,100568,100570],{"className":36,"code":100569,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2}\n",[18,100571,100572],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100573,100574,100576,100578,100580,100582],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100575,9594],{"class":53},[43,100577,797],{"class":63},[43,100579,800],{"class":53},[43,100581,803],{"class":63},[43,100583,1667],{"class":53},[14,100585,100586,100588,100589,100591,100592,315],{},[18,100587,100476],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[18,100590,189],{}," that are not in ",[18,100593,1231],{},[44969,100595],{},[29,100597,3998,100599,4001],{"id":100598},"what-difference-does",[18,100600,100476],{},[14,100602,1073,100603,100605,100606,100608],{},[18,100604,100476],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[913,100607,734],{}," appear in the other set.",[14,100610,13372],{},[150,100612,100613,100618,100621,100624],{},[153,100614,100615,100617],{},[18,100616,100476],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[153,100619,100620],{},"It creates a new set",[153,100622,100623],{},"It does not change the original set",[153,100625,100626],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[14,100628,96386,100629,315],{},[189,100630,96390],{"href":97561},[44969,100632],{},[29,100634,290],{"id":289},[14,100636,100637],{},"Use this form:",[34,100639,100641],{"className":36,"code":100640,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[18,100642,100643],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100644,100645,100648,100650,100652,100654,100657],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100646,100647],{"class":207},"set1",[43,100649,315],{"class":53},[43,100651,3141],{"class":236},[43,100653,54],{"class":53},[43,100655,100656],{"class":236},"set2",[43,100658,227],{"class":53},[14,100660,100661],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[34,100663,100665],{"className":36,"code":100664,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[18,100666,100667],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100668,100669,100671,100673,100675,100677,100679,100681,100684],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100670,100647],{"class":207},[43,100672,315],{"class":53},[43,100674,3141],{"class":236},[43,100676,54],{"class":53},[43,100678,100656],{"class":236},[43,100680,800],{"class":53},[43,100682,100683],{"class":236}," set3",[43,100685,227],{"class":53},[14,100687,100688,100689,100691],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[913,100690,5678],{}," of the other sets.",[14,100693,197],{},[34,100695,100697],{"className":36,"code":100696,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,100698,100699,100727,100743,100755,100759,100781],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100700,100701,100703,100705,100707,100709,100711,100713,100715,100717,100719,100721,100723,100725],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100702,1178],{"class":207},[43,100704,212],{"class":211},[43,100706,1649],{"class":53},[43,100708,797],{"class":63},[43,100710,800],{"class":53},[43,100712,803],{"class":63},[43,100714,800],{"class":53},[43,100716,808],{"class":63},[43,100718,800],{"class":53},[43,100720,2789],{"class":63},[43,100722,800],{"class":53},[43,100724,4929],{"class":63},[43,100726,1667],{"class":53},[43,100728,100729,100731,100733,100735,100737,100739,100741],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,100730,1192],{"class":207},[43,100732,212],{"class":211},[43,100734,1649],{"class":53},[43,100736,447],{"class":63},[43,100738,800],{"class":53},[43,100740,808],{"class":63},[43,100742,1667],{"class":53},[43,100744,100745,100747,100749,100751,100753],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,100746,83245],{"class":207},[43,100748,212],{"class":211},[43,100750,1649],{"class":53},[43,100752,64],{"class":63},[43,100754,1667],{"class":53},[43,100756,100757],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,100758,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,100760,100761,100763,100765,100767,100769,100771,100773,100775,100777,100779],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,100762,1282],{"class":207},[43,100764,212],{"class":211},[43,100766,56944],{"class":207},[43,100768,315],{"class":53},[43,100770,3141],{"class":236},[43,100772,54],{"class":53},[43,100774,1231],{"class":236},[43,100776,800],{"class":53},[43,100778,9997],{"class":236},[43,100780,227],{"class":53},[43,100782,100783,100785,100787,100789],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,100784,50],{"class":49},[43,100786,54],{"class":53},[43,100788,1306],{"class":236},[43,100790,227],{"class":53},[14,100792,110],{},[34,100794,100796],{"className":36,"code":100795,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 4}\n",[18,100797,100798],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100799,100800,100802,100804,100806,100808],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100801,9594],{"class":53},[43,100803,797],{"class":63},[43,100805,800],{"class":53},[43,100807,2789],{"class":63},[43,100809,1667],{"class":53},[14,100811,100812,100813,100815,100816,2172,100818,315],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[18,100814,189],{}," and removes anything found in ",[18,100817,1231],{},[18,100819,10055],{},[44969,100821],{},[29,100823,903],{"id":902},[14,100825,100826,100828,100829,315],{},[18,100827,100476],{}," always returns a ",[913,100830,100831],{},"new set",[14,100833,43702],{},[150,100835,100836,100839,100842],{},[153,100837,100838],{},"The return value is a new set",[153,100840,100841],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[153,100843,100844],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[14,100846,197],{},[34,100848,100850],{"className":36,"code":100849,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,100851,100852,100868,100888,100892,100910,100914,100924],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100853,100854,100856,100858,100860,100862,100864,100866],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100855,1178],{"class":207},[43,100857,212],{"class":211},[43,100859,1649],{"class":53},[43,100861,797],{"class":63},[43,100863,800],{"class":53},[43,100865,803],{"class":63},[43,100867,1667],{"class":53},[43,100869,100870,100872,100874,100876,100878,100880,100882,100884,100886],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,100871,1192],{"class":207},[43,100873,212],{"class":211},[43,100875,1649],{"class":53},[43,100877,797],{"class":63},[43,100879,800],{"class":53},[43,100881,803],{"class":63},[43,100883,800],{"class":53},[43,100885,808],{"class":63},[43,100887,1667],{"class":53},[43,100889,100890],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,100891,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,100893,100894,100896,100898,100900,100902,100904,100906,100908],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,100895,1282],{"class":207},[43,100897,212],{"class":211},[43,100899,56944],{"class":207},[43,100901,315],{"class":53},[43,100903,3141],{"class":236},[43,100905,54],{"class":53},[43,100907,1231],{"class":236},[43,100909,227],{"class":53},[43,100911,100912],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,100913,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,100915,100916,100918,100920,100922],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,100917,50],{"class":49},[43,100919,54],{"class":53},[43,100921,1306],{"class":236},[43,100923,227],{"class":53},[43,100925,100926,100928,100930,100932,100934,100936],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,100927,50],{"class":49},[43,100929,54],{"class":53},[43,100931,248],{"class":57},[43,100933,54],{"class":53},[43,100935,1306],{"class":236},[43,100937,67],{"class":53},[14,100939,110],{},[34,100941,100942],{"className":36,"code":99350,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,100943,100944,100950],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100945,100946,100948],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100947,6613],{"class":57},[43,100949,1728],{"class":53},[43,100951,100952,100954,100956,100958,100960,100962],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,100953,271],{"class":211},[43,100955,275],{"class":274},[43,100957,278],{"class":81},[43,100959,6613],{"class":85},[43,100961,283],{"class":81},[43,100963,286],{"class":211},[14,100965,100966,100967,19286,100969,100971,100972,100974],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[18,100968,4118],{},[18,100970,4113],{},". In Python, ",[18,100973,4113],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44969,100976],{},[29,100978,11792],{"id":11791},[14,100980,100981],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[34,100983,100985],{"className":36,"code":100984,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[18,100986,100987,101020,101053,101057,101077,101081,101091,101102],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,100988,100989,100992,100994,100996,100998,101000,101002,101004,101006,101008,101010,101012,101014,101016,101018],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,100990,100991],{"class":207},"fruits_a ",[43,100993,212],{"class":211},[43,100995,1649],{"class":53},[43,100997,82],{"class":81},[43,100999,4401],{"class":85},[43,101001,82],{"class":81},[43,101003,800],{"class":53},[43,101005,932],{"class":81},[43,101007,4410],{"class":85},[43,101009,82],{"class":81},[43,101011,800],{"class":53},[43,101013,932],{"class":81},[43,101015,33543],{"class":85},[43,101017,82],{"class":81},[43,101019,1667],{"class":53},[43,101021,101022,101025,101027,101029,101031,101033,101035,101037,101039,101041,101043,101045,101047,101049,101051],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,101023,101024],{"class":207},"fruits_b ",[43,101026,212],{"class":211},[43,101028,1649],{"class":53},[43,101030,82],{"class":81},[43,101032,4410],{"class":85},[43,101034,82],{"class":81},[43,101036,800],{"class":53},[43,101038,932],{"class":81},[43,101040,33543],{"class":85},[43,101042,82],{"class":81},[43,101044,800],{"class":53},[43,101046,932],{"class":81},[43,101048,22856],{"class":85},[43,101050,82],{"class":81},[43,101052,1667],{"class":53},[43,101054,101055],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,101056,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,101058,101059,101061,101063,101066,101068,101070,101072,101075],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,101060,1282],{"class":207},[43,101062,212],{"class":211},[43,101064,101065],{"class":207}," fruits_a",[43,101067,315],{"class":53},[43,101069,3141],{"class":236},[43,101071,54],{"class":53},[43,101073,101074],{"class":236},"fruits_b",[43,101076,227],{"class":53},[43,101078,101079],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,101080,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,101082,101083,101085,101087,101089],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,101084,50],{"class":49},[43,101086,54],{"class":53},[43,101088,1306],{"class":236},[43,101090,227],{"class":53},[43,101092,101093,101095,101097,101100],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,101094,50],{"class":49},[43,101096,54],{"class":53},[43,101098,101099],{"class":236},"fruits_a",[43,101101,227],{"class":53},[43,101103,101104,101106,101108,101110],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,101105,50],{"class":49},[43,101107,54],{"class":53},[43,101109,101074],{"class":236},[43,101111,227],{"class":53},[14,101113,30350],{},[34,101115,101117],{"className":36,"code":101116,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[18,101118,101119,101131,101159],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,101120,101121,101123,101125,101127,101129],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,101122,9594],{"class":53},[43,101124,283],{"class":81},[43,101126,4401],{"class":85},[43,101128,283],{"class":81},[43,101130,1667],{"class":53},[43,101132,101133,101135,101137,101139,101141,101143,101145,101147,101149,101151,101153,101155,101157],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,101134,9594],{"class":53},[43,101136,283],{"class":81},[43,101138,4410],{"class":85},[43,101140,283],{"class":81},[43,101142,800],{"class":53},[43,101144,278],{"class":81},[43,101146,33543],{"class":85},[43,101148,283],{"class":81},[43,101150,800],{"class":53},[43,101152,278],{"class":81},[43,101154,4401],{"class":85},[43,101156,283],{"class":81},[43,101158,1667],{"class":53},[43,101160,101161,101163,101165,101167,101169,101171,101173,101175,101177,101179,101181,101183,101185],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,101162,9594],{"class":53},[43,101164,283],{"class":81},[43,101166,4410],{"class":85},[43,101168,283],{"class":81},[43,101170,800],{"class":53},[43,101172,278],{"class":81},[43,101174,33543],{"class":85},[43,101176,283],{"class":81},[43,101178,800],{"class":53},[43,101180,278],{"class":81},[43,101182,22856],{"class":85},[43,101184,283],{"class":81},[43,101186,1667],{"class":53},[14,101188,12001],{},[150,101190,101191,101196,101201,101207],{},[153,101192,101193,101194],{},"Start with ",[18,101195,101099],{},[153,101197,101198,101199],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[18,101200,101074],{},[153,101202,101203,101204,101206],{},"Only ",[18,101205,57890],{}," remains",[153,101208,101209],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[14,101211,101212],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44969,101214],{},[29,101216,8738,101218,101220],{"id":101217},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[18,101219,100476],{}," with multiple sets",[14,101222,101223,101224,315],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[18,101225,100476],{},[14,101227,101228],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[34,101230,101232],{"className":36,"code":101231,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,101233,101234,101266,101283,101296,101313,101317,101346],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,101235,101236,101238,101240,101242,101244,101246,101248,101250,101252,101254,101256,101258,101260,101262,101264],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,101237,3937],{"class":207},[43,101239,212],{"class":211},[43,101241,1649],{"class":53},[43,101243,797],{"class":63},[43,101245,800],{"class":53},[43,101247,803],{"class":63},[43,101249,800],{"class":53},[43,101251,808],{"class":63},[43,101253,800],{"class":53},[43,101255,2789],{"class":63},[43,101257,800],{"class":53},[43,101259,4929],{"class":63},[43,101261,800],{"class":53},[43,101263,37969],{"class":63},[43,101265,1667],{"class":53},[43,101267,101268,101271,101273,101275,101277,101279,101281],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,101269,101270],{"class":207},"group_a ",[43,101272,212],{"class":211},[43,101274,1649],{"class":53},[43,101276,447],{"class":63},[43,101278,800],{"class":53},[43,101280,2789],{"class":63},[43,101282,1667],{"class":53},[43,101284,101285,101288,101290,101292,101294],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,101286,101287],{"class":207},"group_b ",[43,101289,212],{"class":211},[43,101291,1649],{"class":53},[43,101293,64],{"class":63},[43,101295,1667],{"class":53},[43,101297,101298,101301,101303,101305,101307,101309,101311],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,101299,101300],{"class":207},"group_c ",[43,101302,212],{"class":211},[43,101304,1649],{"class":53},[43,101306,80653],{"class":63},[43,101308,800],{"class":53},[43,101310,6320],{"class":63},[43,101312,1667],{"class":53},[43,101314,101315],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,101316,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,101318,101319,101321,101323,101325,101327,101329,101331,101334,101336,101339,101341,101344],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,101320,1282],{"class":207},[43,101322,212],{"class":211},[43,101324,4586],{"class":207},[43,101326,315],{"class":53},[43,101328,3141],{"class":236},[43,101330,54],{"class":53},[43,101332,101333],{"class":236},"group_a",[43,101335,800],{"class":53},[43,101337,101338],{"class":236}," group_b",[43,101340,800],{"class":53},[43,101342,101343],{"class":236}," group_c",[43,101345,227],{"class":53},[43,101347,101348,101350,101352,101354],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,101349,50],{"class":49},[43,101351,54],{"class":53},[43,101353,1306],{"class":236},[43,101355,227],{"class":53},[14,101357,110],{},[34,101359,101361],{"className":36,"code":101360,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 3}\n",[18,101362,101363],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,101364,101365,101367,101369,101371,101373],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,101366,9594],{"class":53},[43,101368,797],{"class":63},[43,101370,800],{"class":53},[43,101372,808],{"class":63},[43,101374,1667],{"class":53},[14,101376,101377],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44969,101379],{},[29,101381,101383,10901,101385],{"id":101382},"difference-vs-difference_update",[18,101384,100476],{},[18,101386,101387],{},"difference_update()",[14,101389,101390],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[402,101392,101393],{"id":3141},[18,101394,100476],{},[150,101396,101397,101400],{},[153,101398,101399],{},"Returns a new set",[153,101401,101402],{},"Does not change the original set",[34,101404,101406],{"className":36,"code":101405,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[18,101407,101408,101432,101448,101452,101470,101474,101484],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,101409,101410,101412,101414,101416,101418,101420,101422,101424,101426,101428,101430],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,101411,1178],{"class":207},[43,101413,212],{"class":211},[43,101415,1649],{"class":53},[43,101417,797],{"class":63},[43,101419,800],{"class":53},[43,101421,803],{"class":63},[43,101423,800],{"class":53},[43,101425,808],{"class":63},[43,101427,800],{"class":53},[43,101429,2789],{"class":63},[43,101431,1667],{"class":53},[43,101433,101434,101436,101438,101440,101442,101444,101446],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,101435,1192],{"class":207},[43,101437,212],{"class":211},[43,101439,1649],{"class":53},[43,101441,2409],{"class":63},[43,101443,800],{"class":53},[43,101445,2789],{"class":63},[43,101447,1667],{"class":53},[43,101449,101450],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,101451,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,101453,101454,101456,101458,101460,101462,101464,101466,101468],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,101455,1282],{"class":207},[43,101457,212],{"class":211},[43,101459,56944],{"class":207},[43,101461,315],{"class":53},[43,101463,3141],{"class":236},[43,101465,54],{"class":53},[43,101467,1231],{"class":236},[43,101469,227],{"class":53},[43,101471,101472],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,101473,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,101475,101476,101478,101480,101482],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,101477,50],{"class":49},[43,101479,54],{"class":53},[43,101481,1306],{"class":236},[43,101483,227],{"class":53},[43,101485,101486,101488,101490,101492],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,101487,50],{"class":49},[43,101489,54],{"class":53},[43,101491,189],{"class":236},[43,101493,227],{"class":53},[14,101495,110],{},[34,101497,101499],{"className":36,"code":101498,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,101500,101501,101513],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,101502,101503,101505,101507,101509,101511],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,101504,9594],{"class":53},[43,101506,797],{"class":63},[43,101508,800],{"class":53},[43,101510,803],{"class":63},[43,101512,1667],{"class":53},[43,101514,101515,101517,101519,101521,101523,101525,101527,101529,101531],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,101516,9594],{"class":53},[43,101518,797],{"class":63},[43,101520,800],{"class":53},[43,101522,803],{"class":63},[43,101524,800],{"class":53},[43,101526,808],{"class":63},[43,101528,800],{"class":53},[43,101530,2789],{"class":63},[43,101532,1667],{"class":53},[402,101534,101536],{"id":101535},"difference_update",[18,101537,101387],{},[150,101539,101540,101543],{},[153,101541,101542],{},"Changes the original set",[153,101544,96380],{},[34,101546,101548],{"className":36,"code":101547,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[18,101549,101550,101574,101590,101594,101608,101612],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,101551,101552,101554,101556,101558,101560,101562,101564,101566,101568,101570,101572],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,101553,1178],{"class":207},[43,101555,212],{"class":211},[43,101557,1649],{"class":53},[43,101559,797],{"class":63},[43,101561,800],{"class":53},[43,101563,803],{"class":63},[43,101565,800],{"class":53},[43,101567,808],{"class":63},[43,101569,800],{"class":53},[43,101571,2789],{"class":63},[43,101573,1667],{"class":53},[43,101575,101576,101578,101580,101582,101584,101586,101588],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,101577,1192],{"class":207},[43,101579,212],{"class":211},[43,101581,1649],{"class":53},[43,101583,2409],{"class":63},[43,101585,800],{"class":53},[43,101587,2789],{"class":63},[43,101589,1667],{"class":53},[43,101591,101592],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,101593,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,101595,101596,101598,101600,101602,101604,101606],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,101597,189],{"class":207},[43,101599,315],{"class":53},[43,101601,101535],{"class":236},[43,101603,54],{"class":53},[43,101605,1231],{"class":236},[43,101607,227],{"class":53},[43,101609,101610],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,101611,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,101613,101614,101616,101618,101620],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,101615,50],{"class":49},[43,101617,54],{"class":53},[43,101619,189],{"class":236},[43,101621,227],{"class":53},[14,101623,110],{},[34,101625,101626],{"className":36,"code":100569,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,101627,101628],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,101629,101630,101632,101634,101636,101638],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,101631,9594],{"class":53},[43,101633,797],{"class":63},[43,101635,800],{"class":53},[43,101637,803],{"class":63},[43,101639,1667],{"class":53},[14,101641,133,101642,101644],{},[18,101643,100476],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[14,101646,101647,101648,33923],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[18,101649,101387],{},[44969,101651],{},[29,101653,101655,101657,101658,101660],{"id":101654},"difference-vs-the-operator",[18,101656,100476],{}," vs the ",[18,101659,444],{}," operator",[14,101662,1073,101663,101665,101666,101668],{},[18,101664,444],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[18,101667,100476],{}," for two sets.",[34,101670,101672],{"className":36,"code":101671,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[18,101673,101674,101698,101714,101718,101736],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,101675,101676,101678,101680,101682,101684,101686,101688,101690,101692,101694,101696],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,101677,1178],{"class":207},[43,101679,212],{"class":211},[43,101681,1649],{"class":53},[43,101683,797],{"class":63},[43,101685,800],{"class":53},[43,101687,803],{"class":63},[43,101689,800],{"class":53},[43,101691,808],{"class":63},[43,101693,800],{"class":53},[43,101695,2789],{"class":63},[43,101697,1667],{"class":53},[43,101699,101700,101702,101704,101706,101708,101710,101712],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,101701,1192],{"class":207},[43,101703,212],{"class":211},[43,101705,1649],{"class":53},[43,101707,2409],{"class":63},[43,101709,800],{"class":53},[43,101711,2789],{"class":63},[43,101713,1667],{"class":53},[43,101715,101716],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,101717,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,101719,101720,101722,101724,101726,101728,101730,101732,101734],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,101721,50],{"class":49},[43,101723,54],{"class":53},[43,101725,189],{"class":236},[43,101727,315],{"class":53},[43,101729,3141],{"class":236},[43,101731,54],{"class":53},[43,101733,1231],{"class":236},[43,101735,67],{"class":53},[43,101737,101738,101740,101742,101744,101746,101748],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,101739,50],{"class":49},[43,101741,54],{"class":53},[43,101743,1178],{"class":236},[43,101745,444],{"class":211},[43,101747,2889],{"class":236},[43,101749,227],{"class":53},[14,101751,110],{},[34,101753,101755],{"className":36,"code":101754,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[18,101756,101757,101769],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,101758,101759,101761,101763,101765,101767],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,101760,9594],{"class":53},[43,101762,797],{"class":63},[43,101764,800],{"class":53},[43,101766,803],{"class":63},[43,101768,1667],{"class":53},[43,101770,101771,101773,101775,101777,101779],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,101772,9594],{"class":53},[43,101774,797],{"class":63},[43,101776,800],{"class":53},[43,101778,803],{"class":63},[43,101780,1667],{"class":53},[14,101782,101783],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[14,101785,94650,101786,2822],{},[18,101787,100476],{},[150,101789,101790,101793,101796],{},[153,101791,101792],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[153,101794,101795],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[153,101797,101798],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[14,101800,101801],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[34,101803,101805],{"className":36,"code":101804,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[18,101806,101807,101835,101847,101859,101863],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,101808,101809,101811,101813,101815,101817,101819,101821,101823,101825,101827,101829,101831,101833],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,101810,1178],{"class":207},[43,101812,212],{"class":211},[43,101814,1649],{"class":53},[43,101816,797],{"class":63},[43,101818,800],{"class":53},[43,101820,803],{"class":63},[43,101822,800],{"class":53},[43,101824,808],{"class":63},[43,101826,800],{"class":53},[43,101828,2789],{"class":63},[43,101830,800],{"class":53},[43,101832,4929],{"class":63},[43,101834,1667],{"class":53},[43,101836,101837,101839,101841,101843,101845],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,101838,1192],{"class":207},[43,101840,212],{"class":211},[43,101842,1649],{"class":53},[43,101844,447],{"class":63},[43,101846,1667],{"class":53},[43,101848,101849,101851,101853,101855,101857],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,101850,83245],{"class":207},[43,101852,212],{"class":211},[43,101854,1649],{"class":53},[43,101856,2835],{"class":63},[43,101858,1667],{"class":53},[43,101860,101861],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,101862,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,101864,101865,101867,101869,101871,101873,101875,101877,101879,101881,101883],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,101866,50],{"class":49},[43,101868,54],{"class":53},[43,101870,189],{"class":236},[43,101872,315],{"class":53},[43,101874,3141],{"class":236},[43,101876,54],{"class":53},[43,101878,1231],{"class":236},[43,101880,800],{"class":53},[43,101882,9997],{"class":236},[43,101884,67],{"class":53},[14,101886,110],{},[34,101888,101890],{"className":36,"code":101889,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[18,101891,101892],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,101893,101894,101896,101898,101900,101902,101904,101906],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,101895,9594],{"class":53},[43,101897,797],{"class":63},[43,101899,800],{"class":53},[43,101901,808],{"class":63},[43,101903,800],{"class":53},[43,101905,4929],{"class":63},[43,101907,1667],{"class":53},[14,101909,101910,101911,101913],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[18,101912,444],{}," operator expression.",[44969,101915],{},[29,101917,4842],{"id":4841},[14,101919,21535,101920,315],{},[18,101921,100476],{},[402,101923,101925],{"id":101924},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[14,101927,4952,101928,101930,101931,325],{},[913,101929,734],{}," change ",[18,101932,189],{},[34,101934,101936],{"className":36,"code":101935,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,101937,101938,101958,101970,101974,101988],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,101939,101940,101942,101944,101946,101948,101950,101952,101954,101956],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,101941,1178],{"class":207},[43,101943,212],{"class":211},[43,101945,1649],{"class":53},[43,101947,797],{"class":63},[43,101949,800],{"class":53},[43,101951,803],{"class":63},[43,101953,800],{"class":53},[43,101955,808],{"class":63},[43,101957,1667],{"class":53},[43,101959,101960,101962,101964,101966,101968],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,101961,1192],{"class":207},[43,101963,212],{"class":211},[43,101965,1649],{"class":53},[43,101967,2409],{"class":63},[43,101969,1667],{"class":53},[43,101971,101972],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,101973,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,101975,101976,101978,101980,101982,101984,101986],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,101977,189],{"class":207},[43,101979,315],{"class":53},[43,101981,3141],{"class":236},[43,101983,54],{"class":53},[43,101985,1231],{"class":236},[43,101987,227],{"class":53},[43,101989,101990,101992,101994,101996],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,101991,50],{"class":49},[43,101993,54],{"class":53},[43,101995,189],{"class":236},[43,101997,227],{"class":53},[14,101999,110],{},[34,102001,102002],{"className":36,"code":96669,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,102003,102004],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102005,102006,102008,102010,102012,102014,102016,102018],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102007,9594],{"class":53},[43,102009,797],{"class":63},[43,102011,800],{"class":53},[43,102013,803],{"class":63},[43,102015,800],{"class":53},[43,102017,808],{"class":63},[43,102019,1667],{"class":53},[14,102021,102022],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[34,102024,102026],{"className":36,"code":102025,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,102027,102028,102048,102060,102064,102082],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102029,102030,102032,102034,102036,102038,102040,102042,102044,102046],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102031,1178],{"class":207},[43,102033,212],{"class":211},[43,102035,1649],{"class":53},[43,102037,797],{"class":63},[43,102039,800],{"class":53},[43,102041,803],{"class":63},[43,102043,800],{"class":53},[43,102045,808],{"class":63},[43,102047,1667],{"class":53},[43,102049,102050,102052,102054,102056,102058],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,102051,1192],{"class":207},[43,102053,212],{"class":211},[43,102055,1649],{"class":53},[43,102057,2409],{"class":63},[43,102059,1667],{"class":53},[43,102061,102062],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,102063,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,102065,102066,102068,102070,102072,102074,102076,102078,102080],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,102067,1178],{"class":207},[43,102069,212],{"class":211},[43,102071,56944],{"class":207},[43,102073,315],{"class":53},[43,102075,3141],{"class":236},[43,102077,54],{"class":53},[43,102079,1231],{"class":236},[43,102081,227],{"class":53},[43,102083,102084,102086,102088,102090],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,102085,50],{"class":49},[43,102087,54],{"class":53},[43,102089,189],{"class":236},[43,102091,227],{"class":53},[14,102093,110],{},[34,102095,102096],{"className":36,"code":100569,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,102097,102098],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102099,102100,102102,102104,102106,102108],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102101,9594],{"class":53},[43,102103,797],{"class":63},[43,102105,800],{"class":53},[43,102107,803],{"class":63},[43,102109,1667],{"class":53},[402,102111,102113],{"id":102112},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[14,102115,102116,102119],{},[18,102117,102118],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[150,102121,102122,102127],{},[153,102123,102124,102125],{},"keep items from ",[18,102126,189],{},[153,102128,102129,102130],{},"remove anything also in ",[18,102131,1231],{},[14,102133,911,102134,102136,102137,102139],{},[913,102135,734],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[18,102138,1231],{},"”.",[14,102141,197],{},[34,102143,102145],{"className":36,"code":102144,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[18,102146,102147,102167,102187,102191,102209],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102148,102149,102151,102153,102155,102157,102159,102161,102163,102165],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102150,1178],{"class":207},[43,102152,212],{"class":211},[43,102154,1649],{"class":53},[43,102156,797],{"class":63},[43,102158,800],{"class":53},[43,102160,803],{"class":63},[43,102162,800],{"class":53},[43,102164,808],{"class":63},[43,102166,1667],{"class":53},[43,102168,102169,102171,102173,102175,102177,102179,102181,102183,102185],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,102170,1192],{"class":207},[43,102172,212],{"class":211},[43,102174,1649],{"class":53},[43,102176,2409],{"class":63},[43,102178,800],{"class":53},[43,102180,2789],{"class":63},[43,102182,800],{"class":53},[43,102184,4929],{"class":63},[43,102186,1667],{"class":53},[43,102188,102189],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,102190,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,102192,102193,102195,102197,102199,102201,102203,102205,102207],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,102194,50],{"class":49},[43,102196,54],{"class":53},[43,102198,189],{"class":236},[43,102200,315],{"class":53},[43,102202,3141],{"class":236},[43,102204,54],{"class":53},[43,102206,1231],{"class":236},[43,102208,67],{"class":53},[43,102210,102211,102213,102215,102217,102219,102221,102223,102225],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,102212,50],{"class":49},[43,102214,54],{"class":53},[43,102216,1231],{"class":236},[43,102218,315],{"class":53},[43,102220,3141],{"class":236},[43,102222,54],{"class":53},[43,102224,189],{"class":236},[43,102226,67],{"class":53},[14,102228,110],{},[34,102230,102232],{"className":36,"code":102231,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[18,102233,102234,102246],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102235,102236,102238,102240,102242,102244],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102237,9594],{"class":53},[43,102239,797],{"class":63},[43,102241,800],{"class":53},[43,102243,803],{"class":63},[43,102245,1667],{"class":53},[43,102247,102248,102250,102252,102254,102256],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,102249,9594],{"class":53},[43,102251,2835],{"class":63},[43,102253,800],{"class":53},[43,102255,4929],{"class":63},[43,102257,1667],{"class":53},[14,102259,102260],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[402,102262,102264],{"id":102263},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[14,102266,102267,102269],{},[18,102268,100476],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[14,102271,55375],{},[34,102273,102275],{"className":36,"code":102274,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[18,102276,102277,102297,102313,102317],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102278,102279,102281,102283,102285,102287,102289,102291,102293,102295],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102280,1178],{"class":207},[43,102282,212],{"class":211},[43,102284,3942],{"class":53},[43,102286,797],{"class":63},[43,102288,800],{"class":53},[43,102290,803],{"class":63},[43,102292,800],{"class":53},[43,102294,808],{"class":63},[43,102296,3955],{"class":53},[43,102298,102299,102301,102303,102305,102307,102309,102311],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,102300,1192],{"class":207},[43,102302,212],{"class":211},[43,102304,3942],{"class":53},[43,102306,2409],{"class":63},[43,102308,800],{"class":53},[43,102310,2789],{"class":63},[43,102312,3955],{"class":53},[43,102314,102315],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,102316,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,102318,102319],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,102320,102321],{"class":3984},"# a.difference(b)\n",[14,102323,102324],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[34,102326,102328],{"className":36,"code":102327,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[18,102329,102330,102350,102366,102370,102396],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102331,102332,102334,102336,102338,102340,102342,102344,102346,102348],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102333,1178],{"class":207},[43,102335,212],{"class":211},[43,102337,3942],{"class":53},[43,102339,797],{"class":63},[43,102341,800],{"class":53},[43,102343,803],{"class":63},[43,102345,800],{"class":53},[43,102347,808],{"class":63},[43,102349,3955],{"class":53},[43,102351,102352,102354,102356,102358,102360,102362,102364],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,102353,1192],{"class":207},[43,102355,212],{"class":211},[43,102357,3942],{"class":53},[43,102359,2409],{"class":63},[43,102361,800],{"class":53},[43,102363,2789],{"class":63},[43,102365,3955],{"class":53},[43,102367,102368],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,102369,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,102371,102372,102374,102376,102378,102380,102382,102384,102386,102388,102390,102392,102394],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,102373,1282],{"class":207},[43,102375,212],{"class":211},[43,102377,15955],{"class":57},[43,102379,54],{"class":53},[43,102381,189],{"class":236},[43,102383,8951],{"class":53},[43,102385,3141],{"class":236},[43,102387,54],{"class":53},[43,102389,6613],{"class":57},[43,102391,54],{"class":53},[43,102393,1231],{"class":236},[43,102395,67],{"class":53},[43,102397,102398,102400,102402,102404],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,102399,50],{"class":49},[43,102401,54],{"class":53},[43,102403,1306],{"class":236},[43,102405,227],{"class":53},[14,102407,110],{},[34,102409,102410],{"className":36,"code":100569,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,102411,102412],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102413,102414,102416,102418,102420,102422],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102415,9594],{"class":53},[43,102417,797],{"class":63},[43,102419,800],{"class":53},[43,102421,803],{"class":63},[43,102423,1667],{"class":53},[402,102425,102427],{"id":102426},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[14,102429,102430],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[34,102432,102434],{"className":36,"code":102433,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[18,102435,102436,102468,102484,102488],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102437,102438,102440,102442,102444,102446,102448,102450,102452,102454,102456,102458,102460,102462,102464,102466],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102439,1178],{"class":207},[43,102441,212],{"class":211},[43,102443,1649],{"class":53},[43,102445,82],{"class":81},[43,102447,37372],{"class":85},[43,102449,82],{"class":81},[43,102451,800],{"class":53},[43,102453,932],{"class":81},[43,102455,58184],{"class":85},[43,102457,82],{"class":81},[43,102459,800],{"class":53},[43,102461,932],{"class":81},[43,102463,58201],{"class":85},[43,102465,82],{"class":81},[43,102467,1667],{"class":53},[43,102469,102470,102472,102474,102476,102478,102480,102482],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,102471,1192],{"class":207},[43,102473,212],{"class":211},[43,102475,1649],{"class":53},[43,102477,82],{"class":81},[43,102479,58184],{"class":85},[43,102481,82],{"class":81},[43,102483,1667],{"class":53},[43,102485,102486],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,102487,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,102489,102490,102492,102494,102496,102498,102500,102502,102504],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,102491,50],{"class":49},[43,102493,54],{"class":53},[43,102495,189],{"class":236},[43,102497,315],{"class":53},[43,102499,3141],{"class":236},[43,102501,54],{"class":53},[43,102503,1231],{"class":236},[43,102505,67],{"class":53},[14,102507,102508],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[402,102510,102512],{"id":102511},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[14,102514,102515],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[34,102517,102519],{"className":36,"code":102518,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[18,102520,102521,102549,102561,102565,102575],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102522,102523,102525,102527,102529,102531,102533,102535,102537,102539,102541,102543,102545,102547],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102524,1178],{"class":207},[43,102526,212],{"class":211},[43,102528,1649],{"class":53},[43,102530,797],{"class":63},[43,102532,800],{"class":53},[43,102534,5823],{"class":63},[43,102536,800],{"class":53},[43,102538,803],{"class":63},[43,102540,800],{"class":53},[43,102542,803],{"class":63},[43,102544,800],{"class":53},[43,102546,808],{"class":63},[43,102548,1667],{"class":53},[43,102550,102551,102553,102555,102557,102559],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,102552,1192],{"class":207},[43,102554,212],{"class":211},[43,102556,1649],{"class":53},[43,102558,2409],{"class":63},[43,102560,1667],{"class":53},[43,102562,102563],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,102564,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,102566,102567,102569,102571,102573],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,102568,50],{"class":49},[43,102570,54],{"class":53},[43,102572,189],{"class":236},[43,102574,227],{"class":53},[43,102576,102577,102579,102581,102583,102585,102587,102589,102591],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,102578,50],{"class":49},[43,102580,54],{"class":53},[43,102582,189],{"class":236},[43,102584,315],{"class":53},[43,102586,3141],{"class":236},[43,102588,54],{"class":53},[43,102590,1231],{"class":236},[43,102592,67],{"class":53},[14,102594,110],{},[34,102596,102598],{"className":36,"code":102597,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[18,102599,102600,102616],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102601,102602,102604,102606,102608,102610,102612,102614],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102603,9594],{"class":53},[43,102605,797],{"class":63},[43,102607,800],{"class":53},[43,102609,803],{"class":63},[43,102611,800],{"class":53},[43,102613,808],{"class":63},[43,102615,1667],{"class":53},[43,102617,102618,102620,102622,102624,102626],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,102619,9594],{"class":53},[43,102621,797],{"class":63},[43,102623,800],{"class":53},[43,102625,803],{"class":63},[43,102627,1667],{"class":53},[14,102629,102630,102631,102633],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[18,102632,100476],{}," runs.",[402,102635,102637],{"id":102636},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[14,102639,102640],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[34,102642,102644],{"className":36,"code":102643,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[18,102645,102646,102670,102690,102694,102704,102714,102732,102754],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102647,102648,102650,102652,102654,102656,102658,102660,102662,102664,102666,102668],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102649,1178],{"class":207},[43,102651,212],{"class":211},[43,102653,1649],{"class":53},[43,102655,797],{"class":63},[43,102657,800],{"class":53},[43,102659,803],{"class":63},[43,102661,800],{"class":53},[43,102663,808],{"class":63},[43,102665,800],{"class":53},[43,102667,2789],{"class":63},[43,102669,1667],{"class":53},[43,102671,102672,102674,102676,102678,102680,102682,102684,102686,102688],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,102673,1192],{"class":207},[43,102675,212],{"class":211},[43,102677,1649],{"class":53},[43,102679,2409],{"class":63},[43,102681,800],{"class":53},[43,102683,2789],{"class":63},[43,102685,800],{"class":53},[43,102687,4929],{"class":63},[43,102689,1667],{"class":53},[43,102691,102692],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,102693,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,102695,102696,102698,102700,102702],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,102697,50],{"class":49},[43,102699,54],{"class":53},[43,102701,189],{"class":236},[43,102703,227],{"class":53},[43,102705,102706,102708,102710,102712],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,102707,50],{"class":49},[43,102709,54],{"class":53},[43,102711,1231],{"class":236},[43,102713,227],{"class":53},[43,102715,102716,102718,102720,102722,102724,102726,102728,102730],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,102717,50],{"class":49},[43,102719,54],{"class":53},[43,102721,189],{"class":236},[43,102723,315],{"class":53},[43,102725,3141],{"class":236},[43,102727,54],{"class":53},[43,102729,1231],{"class":236},[43,102731,67],{"class":53},[43,102733,102734,102736,102738,102740,102742,102744,102746,102748,102750,102752],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,102735,50],{"class":49},[43,102737,54],{"class":53},[43,102739,248],{"class":57},[43,102741,54],{"class":53},[43,102743,189],{"class":236},[43,102745,315],{"class":53},[43,102747,3141],{"class":236},[43,102749,54],{"class":53},[43,102751,1231],{"class":236},[43,102753,3239],{"class":53},[43,102755,102756,102758,102760,102762,102764,102766,102768,102770,102772,102774],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,102757,50],{"class":49},[43,102759,54],{"class":53},[43,102761,11477],{"class":49},[43,102763,54],{"class":53},[43,102765,189],{"class":236},[43,102767,315],{"class":53},[43,102769,3141],{"class":236},[43,102771,54],{"class":53},[43,102773,1231],{"class":236},[43,102775,3239],{"class":53},[14,102777,11486],{},[150,102779,102780,102783,102786,102789],{},[153,102781,102782],{},"what is in each set",[153,102784,102785],{},"what result Python creates",[153,102787,102788],{},"that the result is a set",[153,102790,102791],{},"how many items remain",[44969,102793],{},[29,102795,2162],{"id":2161},[402,102797,13023,102799,102801],{"id":102798},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[18,102800,100476],{}," change the original set?",[14,102803,102804],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[402,102806,5503,102808,895,102810,2822],{"id":102807},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[18,102809,100476],{},[18,102811,101387],{},[14,102813,102814,102816,102817,102819],{},[18,102815,100476],{}," returns a new set. ",[18,102818,101387],{}," modifies the original set.",[402,102821,28653,102823,102825],{"id":102822},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[18,102824,100476],{}," with more than two sets?",[14,102827,102828],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[402,102830,102832],{"id":102831},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[14,102834,102835],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44969,102837],{},[29,102839,2229],{"id":2228},[150,102841,102842,102846,102854],{},[153,102843,102844],{},[189,102845,96390],{"href":97561},[153,102847,102848],{},[189,102849,96876,102851,11055],{"href":102850},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[18,102852,102853],{},"intersection()",[153,102855,102856],{},[189,102857,96876,102859,11055],{"href":102858},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[18,102860,102861],{},"union()",[2262,102863,102864],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":102866},[102867,102868,102870,102871,102872,102873,102875,102880,102882,102890,102899],{"id":3926,"depth":70,"text":3927},{"id":100598,"depth":70,"text":102869},"What difference() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":902,"depth":70,"text":903},{"id":11791,"depth":70,"text":11792},{"id":101217,"depth":70,"text":102874},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101382,"depth":70,"text":102876,"children":102877},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102878,102879],{"id":3141,"depth":93,"text":100476},{"id":101535,"depth":93,"text":101387},{"id":101654,"depth":70,"text":102881},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4841,"depth":70,"text":4842,"children":102883},[102884,102885,102886,102887,102888,102889],{"id":101924,"depth":93,"text":101925},{"id":102112,"depth":93,"text":102113},{"id":102263,"depth":93,"text":102264},{"id":102426,"depth":93,"text":102427},{"id":102511,"depth":93,"text":102512},{"id":102636,"depth":93,"text":102637},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":102891},[102892,102894,102896,102898],{"id":102798,"depth":93,"text":102893},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102807,"depth":93,"text":102895},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102822,"depth":93,"text":102897},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102831,"depth":93,"text":102832},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100468,"description":102900},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102907,"title":102908,"body":102909,"description":104604,"extension":2312,"meta":104605,"navigation":958,"path":104606,"seo":104607,"stem":104608,"__hash__":104609},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102910,"toc":104566},[102911,102917,102923,102936,102938,103039,103041,103086,103091,103096,103100,103114,103117,103125,103127,103146,103164,103168,103221,103223,103244,103251,103256,103283,103290,103389,103391,103428,103436,103440,103446,103449,103522,103524,103532,103537,103606,103608,103633,103635,103638,103741,103743,103804,103807,103811,103817,103890,103892,103925,103928,103931,103971,103977,104000,104005,104009,104020,104023,104025,104029,104035,104037,104094,104104,104106,104159,104166,104171,104239,104247,104253,104257,104259,104298,104303,104352,104356,104359,104361,104400,104403,104405,104410,104467,104469,104483,104485,104489,104495,104500,104505,104512,104523,104529,104534,104536,104563],[10,102912,96262,102914,11638],{"id":102913},"python-set-discard-method",[18,102915,102916],{},"discard()",[14,102918,102919,102922],{},[18,102920,102921],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[14,102924,102925,102926,2534,102931,14375,102933,102935],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[189,102927,102928],{"href":98271},[18,102929,102930],{},"set.remove()",[18,102932,102916],{},[913,102934,734],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[29,102937,32],{"id":31},[34,102939,102941],{"className":36,"code":102940,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[18,102942,102943,102975,102994,103004,103008,103029],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,102944,102945,102947,102949,102951,102953,102955,102957,102959,102961,102963,102965,102967,102969,102971,102973],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,102946,13396],{"class":207},[43,102948,212],{"class":211},[43,102950,1649],{"class":53},[43,102952,82],{"class":81},[43,102954,13413],{"class":85},[43,102956,82],{"class":81},[43,102958,800],{"class":53},[43,102960,932],{"class":81},[43,102962,13430],{"class":85},[43,102964,82],{"class":81},[43,102966,800],{"class":53},[43,102968,932],{"class":81},[43,102970,17777],{"class":85},[43,102972,82],{"class":81},[43,102974,1667],{"class":53},[43,102976,102977,102979,102981,102984,102986,102988,102990,102992],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,102978,17824],{"class":207},[43,102980,315],{"class":53},[43,102982,102983],{"class":236},"discard",[43,102985,54],{"class":53},[43,102987,82],{"class":81},[43,102989,13430],{"class":85},[43,102991,82],{"class":81},[43,102993,227],{"class":53},[43,102995,102996,102998,103000,103002],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,102997,50],{"class":49},[43,102999,54],{"class":53},[43,103001,17824],{"class":236},[43,103003,227],{"class":53},[43,103005,103006],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,103007,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,103009,103010,103012,103014,103016,103018,103020,103022,103024,103026],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,103011,17824],{"class":207},[43,103013,315],{"class":53},[43,103015,102983],{"class":236},[43,103017,54],{"class":53},[43,103019,82],{"class":81},[43,103021,22847],{"class":85},[43,103023,82],{"class":81},[43,103025,1221],{"class":53},[43,103027,103028],{"class":3984},"  # no error if missing\n",[43,103030,103031,103033,103035,103037],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,103032,50],{"class":49},[43,103034,54],{"class":53},[43,103036,17824],{"class":236},[43,103038,227],{"class":53},[14,103040,30350],{},[34,103042,103044],{"className":36,"code":103043,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[18,103045,103046,103066],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,103047,103048,103050,103052,103054,103056,103058,103060,103062,103064],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,103049,9594],{"class":53},[43,103051,283],{"class":81},[43,103053,13413],{"class":85},[43,103055,283],{"class":81},[43,103057,800],{"class":53},[43,103059,278],{"class":81},[43,103061,17777],{"class":85},[43,103063,283],{"class":81},[43,103065,1667],{"class":53},[43,103067,103068,103070,103072,103074,103076,103078,103080,103082,103084],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,103069,9594],{"class":53},[43,103071,283],{"class":81},[43,103073,13413],{"class":85},[43,103075,283],{"class":81},[43,103077,800],{"class":53},[43,103079,278],{"class":81},[43,103081,17777],{"class":85},[43,103083,283],{"class":81},[43,103085,1667],{"class":53},[14,103087,133,103088,103090],{},[18,103089,102916],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[29,103092,3998,103094,4001],{"id":103093},"what-setdiscard-does",[18,103095,102921],{},[14,103097,103098,325],{},[18,103099,102916],{},[150,103101,103102,103105,103108,103110],{},[153,103103,103104],{},"Removes one item from a set",[153,103106,103107],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[153,103109,96377],{},[153,103111,11740,103112],{},[18,103113,4099],{},[14,103115,103116],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[14,103118,96386,103119,2172,103122,315],{},[189,103120,103121],{"href":98853},"what a set is in Python",[189,103123,103124],{"href":97945},"how to create a set",[29,103126,290],{"id":289},[34,103128,103130],{"className":36,"code":103129,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[18,103131,103132],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,103133,103134,103136,103138,103140,103142,103144],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,103135,15988],{"class":207},[43,103137,315],{"class":53},[43,103139,102983],{"class":236},[43,103141,54],{"class":53},[43,103143,307],{"class":236},[43,103145,227],{"class":53},[150,103147,103148,103153,103158,103161],{},[153,103149,103150,103152],{},[18,103151,15988],{}," is the set you want to change",[153,103154,103155,103157],{},[18,103156,307],{}," is the item you want to remove",[153,103159,103160],{},"The set must already exist",[153,103162,103163],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[402,103165,103167],{"id":103166},"example","Example",[34,103169,103171],{"className":36,"code":103170,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,103172,103173,103197,103211],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,103174,103175,103177,103179,103181,103183,103185,103187,103189,103191,103193,103195],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,103176,3937],{"class":207},[43,103178,212],{"class":211},[43,103180,1649],{"class":53},[43,103182,797],{"class":63},[43,103184,800],{"class":53},[43,103186,803],{"class":63},[43,103188,800],{"class":53},[43,103190,808],{"class":63},[43,103192,800],{"class":53},[43,103194,2789],{"class":63},[43,103196,1667],{"class":53},[43,103198,103199,103201,103203,103205,103207,103209],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,103200,3969],{"class":207},[43,103202,315],{"class":53},[43,103204,102983],{"class":236},[43,103206,54],{"class":53},[43,103208,2409],{"class":63},[43,103210,227],{"class":53},[43,103212,103213,103215,103217,103219],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,103214,50],{"class":49},[43,103216,54],{"class":53},[43,103218,3969],{"class":236},[43,103220,227],{"class":53},[14,103222,110],{},[34,103224,103226],{"className":36,"code":103225,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[18,103227,103228],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,103229,103230,103232,103234,103236,103238,103240,103242],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,103231,9594],{"class":53},[43,103233,797],{"class":63},[43,103235,800],{"class":53},[43,103237,803],{"class":63},[43,103239,800],{"class":53},[43,103241,2789],{"class":63},[43,103243,1667],{"class":53},[29,103245,103247,103248,103250],{"id":103246},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[18,103249,102916],{}," different",[14,103252,103253,103255],{},[18,103254,102916],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[150,103257,103258,103271,103280],{},[153,103259,103260,103261,2534,103265,103267,103268,103270],{},"Unlike ",[189,103262,103263],{"href":98271},[18,103264,55585],{},[18,103266,102916],{}," does not raise ",[18,103269,20010],{}," when the item is missing",[153,103272,103260,103273,2534,103277,103279],{},[189,103274,103275],{"href":98276},[18,103276,13082],{},[18,103278,102916],{}," removes a specific item",[153,103281,103282],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[402,103284,103286,10901,103288],{"id":103285},"discard-vs-remove",[18,103287,102916],{},[18,103289,55585],{},[34,103291,103293],{"className":36,"code":103292,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[18,103294,103295,103319,103323,103344,103354,103358,103379],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,103296,103297,103299,103301,103303,103305,103307,103309,103311,103313,103315,103317],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,103298,8104],{"class":207},[43,103300,212],{"class":211},[43,103302,1649],{"class":53},[43,103304,82],{"class":81},[43,103306,4401],{"class":85},[43,103308,82],{"class":81},[43,103310,800],{"class":53},[43,103312,932],{"class":81},[43,103314,4410],{"class":85},[43,103316,82],{"class":81},[43,103318,1667],{"class":53},[43,103320,103321],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,103322,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,103324,103325,103327,103329,103331,103333,103335,103337,103339,103341],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,103326,8135],{"class":207},[43,103328,315],{"class":53},[43,103330,102983],{"class":236},[43,103332,54],{"class":53},[43,103334,82],{"class":81},[43,103336,33543],{"class":85},[43,103338,82],{"class":81},[43,103340,1221],{"class":53},[43,103342,103343],{"class":3984},"   # no error\n",[43,103345,103346,103348,103350,103352],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,103347,50],{"class":49},[43,103349,54],{"class":53},[43,103351,8135],{"class":236},[43,103353,227],{"class":53},[43,103355,103356],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,103357,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,103359,103360,103362,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372,103374,103376],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,103361,8135],{"class":207},[43,103363,315],{"class":53},[43,103365,35116],{"class":236},[43,103367,54],{"class":53},[43,103369,82],{"class":81},[43,103371,4410],{"class":85},[43,103373,82],{"class":81},[43,103375,1221],{"class":53},[43,103377,103378],{"class":3984},"    # removes existing item\n",[43,103380,103381,103383,103385,103387],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,103382,50],{"class":49},[43,103384,54],{"class":53},[43,103386,8135],{"class":236},[43,103388,227],{"class":53},[14,103390,110],{},[34,103392,103394],{"className":36,"code":103393,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[18,103395,103396,103416],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,103397,103398,103400,103402,103404,103406,103408,103410,103412,103414],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,103399,9594],{"class":53},[43,103401,283],{"class":81},[43,103403,4401],{"class":85},[43,103405,283],{"class":81},[43,103407,800],{"class":53},[43,103409,278],{"class":81},[43,103411,4410],{"class":85},[43,103413,283],{"class":81},[43,103415,1667],{"class":53},[43,103417,103418,103420,103422,103424,103426],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,103419,9594],{"class":53},[43,103421,283],{"class":81},[43,103423,4401],{"class":85},[43,103425,283],{"class":81},[43,103427,1667],{"class":53},[14,103429,318,103430,103432,103433,103435],{},[18,103431,55585],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[189,103434,11390],{"href":11389}," for more help with that case.",[29,103437,103439],{"id":103438},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[14,103441,103442,2733,103444,315],{},[18,103443,102916],{},[18,103445,4099],{},[14,103447,103448],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[34,103450,103452],{"className":36,"code":103451,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,103453,103454,103486,103508,103512],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,103455,103456,103458,103460,103462,103464,103466,103468,103470,103472,103474,103476,103478,103480,103482,103484],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,103457,13396],{"class":207},[43,103459,212],{"class":211},[43,103461,1649],{"class":53},[43,103463,82],{"class":81},[43,103465,13413],{"class":85},[43,103467,82],{"class":81},[43,103469,800],{"class":53},[43,103471,932],{"class":81},[43,103473,13430],{"class":85},[43,103475,82],{"class":81},[43,103477,800],{"class":53},[43,103479,932],{"class":81},[43,103481,17777],{"class":85},[43,103483,82],{"class":81},[43,103485,1667],{"class":53},[43,103487,103488,103490,103492,103494,103496,103498,103500,103502,103504,103506],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,103489,1282],{"class":207},[43,103491,212],{"class":211},[43,103493,13444],{"class":207},[43,103495,315],{"class":53},[43,103497,102983],{"class":236},[43,103499,54],{"class":53},[43,103501,82],{"class":81},[43,103503,13430],{"class":85},[43,103505,82],{"class":81},[43,103507,227],{"class":53},[43,103509,103510],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,103511,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,103513,103514,103516,103518,103520],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,103515,50],{"class":49},[43,103517,54],{"class":53},[43,103519,1306],{"class":236},[43,103521,227],{"class":53},[14,103523,110],{},[34,103525,103526],{"className":36,"code":12126,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,103527,103528],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,103529,103530],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,103531,12126],{"class":104},[14,103533,103534,103535,325],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[18,103536,17824],{},[34,103538,103540],{"className":36,"code":103539,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,103541,103542,103574,103592,103596],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,103543,103544,103546,103548,103550,103552,103554,103556,103558,103560,103562,103564,103566,103568,103570,103572],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,103545,13396],{"class":207},[43,103547,212],{"class":211},[43,103549,1649],{"class":53},[43,103551,82],{"class":81},[43,103553,13413],{"class":85},[43,103555,82],{"class":81},[43,103557,800],{"class":53},[43,103559,932],{"class":81},[43,103561,13430],{"class":85},[43,103563,82],{"class":81},[43,103565,800],{"class":53},[43,103567,932],{"class":81},[43,103569,17777],{"class":85},[43,103571,82],{"class":81},[43,103573,1667],{"class":53},[43,103575,103576,103578,103580,103582,103584,103586,103588,103590],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,103577,17824],{"class":207},[43,103579,315],{"class":53},[43,103581,102983],{"class":236},[43,103583,54],{"class":53},[43,103585,82],{"class":81},[43,103587,13430],{"class":85},[43,103589,82],{"class":81},[43,103591,227],{"class":53},[43,103593,103594],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,103595,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,103597,103598,103600,103602,103604],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,103599,50],{"class":49},[43,103601,54],{"class":53},[43,103603,17824],{"class":236},[43,103605,227],{"class":53},[14,103607,110],{},[34,103609,103611],{"className":36,"code":103610,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[18,103612,103613],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,103614,103615,103617,103619,103621,103623,103625,103627,103629,103631],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,103616,9594],{"class":53},[43,103618,283],{"class":81},[43,103620,13413],{"class":85},[43,103622,283],{"class":81},[43,103624,800],{"class":53},[43,103626,278],{"class":81},[43,103628,17777],{"class":85},[43,103630,283],{"class":81},[43,103632,1667],{"class":53},[29,103634,11792],{"id":11791},[14,103636,103637],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[34,103639,103641],{"className":36,"code":103640,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[18,103642,103643,103675,103679,103697,103701,103719,103723],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,103644,103645,103647,103649,103651,103653,103655,103657,103659,103661,103663,103665,103667,103669,103671,103673],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,103646,36563],{"class":207},[43,103648,212],{"class":211},[43,103650,1649],{"class":53},[43,103652,82],{"class":81},[43,103654,4401],{"class":85},[43,103656,82],{"class":81},[43,103658,800],{"class":53},[43,103660,932],{"class":81},[43,103662,4410],{"class":85},[43,103664,82],{"class":81},[43,103666,800],{"class":53},[43,103668,932],{"class":81},[43,103670,33543],{"class":85},[43,103672,82],{"class":81},[43,103674,1667],{"class":53},[43,103676,103677],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,103678,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,103680,103681,103683,103685,103687,103689,103691,103693,103695],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,103682,50],{"class":49},[43,103684,54],{"class":53},[43,103686,82],{"class":81},[43,103688,11881],{"class":85},[43,103690,82],{"class":81},[43,103692,800],{"class":53},[43,103694,52907],{"class":236},[43,103696,227],{"class":53},[43,103698,103699],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,103700,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,103702,103703,103705,103707,103709,103711,103713,103715,103717],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,103704,36615],{"class":207},[43,103706,315],{"class":53},[43,103708,102983],{"class":236},[43,103710,54],{"class":53},[43,103712,82],{"class":81},[43,103714,4410],{"class":85},[43,103716,82],{"class":81},[43,103718,227],{"class":53},[43,103720,103721],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,103722,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,103724,103725,103727,103729,103731,103733,103735,103737,103739],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,103726,50],{"class":49},[43,103728,54],{"class":53},[43,103730,82],{"class":81},[43,103732,11921],{"class":85},[43,103734,82],{"class":81},[43,103736,800],{"class":53},[43,103738,52907],{"class":236},[43,103740,227],{"class":53},[14,103742,110],{},[34,103744,103746],{"className":36,"code":103745,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,103747,103748,103780],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,103749,103750,103752,103754,103756,103758,103760,103762,103764,103766,103768,103770,103772,103774,103776,103778],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,103751,11941],{"class":207},[43,103753,325],{"class":53},[43,103755,1649],{"class":53},[43,103757,283],{"class":81},[43,103759,4410],{"class":85},[43,103761,283],{"class":81},[43,103763,800],{"class":53},[43,103765,278],{"class":81},[43,103767,4401],{"class":85},[43,103769,283],{"class":81},[43,103771,800],{"class":53},[43,103773,278],{"class":81},[43,103775,33543],{"class":85},[43,103777,283],{"class":81},[43,103779,1667],{"class":53},[43,103781,103782,103784,103786,103788,103790,103792,103794,103796,103798,103800,103802],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,103783,11994],{"class":207},[43,103785,325],{"class":53},[43,103787,1649],{"class":53},[43,103789,283],{"class":81},[43,103791,4401],{"class":85},[43,103793,283],{"class":81},[43,103795,800],{"class":53},[43,103797,278],{"class":81},[43,103799,33543],{"class":85},[43,103801,283],{"class":81},[43,103803,1667],{"class":53},[14,103805,103806],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[29,103808,103810],{"id":103809},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[14,103812,103813,103814,103816],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[18,103815,102916],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[34,103818,103820],{"className":36,"code":103819,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,103821,103822,103854,103858,103876,103880],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,103823,103824,103826,103828,103830,103832,103834,103836,103838,103840,103842,103844,103846,103848,103850,103852],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,103825,36563],{"class":207},[43,103827,212],{"class":211},[43,103829,1649],{"class":53},[43,103831,82],{"class":81},[43,103833,4401],{"class":85},[43,103835,82],{"class":81},[43,103837,800],{"class":53},[43,103839,932],{"class":81},[43,103841,4410],{"class":85},[43,103843,82],{"class":81},[43,103845,800],{"class":53},[43,103847,932],{"class":81},[43,103849,33543],{"class":85},[43,103851,82],{"class":81},[43,103853,1667],{"class":53},[43,103855,103856],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,103857,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,103859,103860,103862,103864,103866,103868,103870,103872,103874],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,103861,36615],{"class":207},[43,103863,315],{"class":53},[43,103865,102983],{"class":236},[43,103867,54],{"class":53},[43,103869,82],{"class":81},[43,103871,22856],{"class":85},[43,103873,82],{"class":81},[43,103875,227],{"class":53},[43,103877,103878],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,103879,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,103881,103882,103884,103886,103888],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,103883,50],{"class":49},[43,103885,54],{"class":53},[43,103887,36615],{"class":236},[43,103889,227],{"class":53},[14,103891,110],{},[34,103893,103895],{"className":36,"code":103894,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,103896,103897],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,103898,103899,103901,103903,103905,103907,103909,103911,103913,103915,103917,103919,103921,103923],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,103900,9594],{"class":53},[43,103902,283],{"class":81},[43,103904,4410],{"class":85},[43,103906,283],{"class":81},[43,103908,800],{"class":53},[43,103910,278],{"class":81},[43,103912,4401],{"class":85},[43,103914,283],{"class":81},[43,103916,800],{"class":53},[43,103918,278],{"class":81},[43,103920,33543],{"class":85},[43,103922,283],{"class":81},[43,103924,1667],{"class":53},[14,103926,103927],{},"No error happens here.",[14,103929,103930],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[34,103932,103934],{"className":36,"code":103933,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[18,103935,103936,103952],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,103937,103938,103940,103942,103944,103946,103948,103950],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,103939,7323],{"class":1927},[43,103941,932],{"class":81},[43,103943,22856],{"class":85},[43,103945,82],{"class":81},[43,103947,21497],{"class":211},[43,103949,52907],{"class":207},[43,103951,1931],{"class":53},[43,103953,103954,103957,103959,103961,103963,103965,103967,103969],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,103955,103956],{"class":207},"    fruits",[43,103958,315],{"class":53},[43,103960,35116],{"class":236},[43,103962,54],{"class":53},[43,103964,82],{"class":81},[43,103966,22856],{"class":85},[43,103968,82],{"class":81},[43,103970,227],{"class":53},[14,103972,103973,103974,103976],{},"With ",[18,103975,102916],{},", you can simply write:",[34,103978,103980],{"className":36,"code":103979,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[18,103981,103982],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,103983,103984,103986,103988,103990,103992,103994,103996,103998],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,103985,36615],{"class":207},[43,103987,315],{"class":53},[43,103989,102983],{"class":236},[43,103991,54],{"class":53},[43,103993,82],{"class":81},[43,103995,22856],{"class":85},[43,103997,82],{"class":81},[43,103999,227],{"class":53},[29,104001,5284,104003],{"id":104002},"when-to-use-discard",[18,104004,102916],{},[14,104006,133,104007,10916],{},[18,104008,102916],{},[150,104010,104011,104014,104017],{},[153,104012,104013],{},"Missing values are normal",[153,104015,104016],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[153,104018,104019],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[14,104021,104022],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[29,104024,3160],{"id":3159},[14,104026,8767,104027,315],{},[18,104028,102916],{},[402,104030,8773,104032,104034],{"id":104031},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[18,104033,102916],{}," to return the changed set",[14,104036,4849],{},[34,104038,104040],{"className":36,"code":104039,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,104041,104042,104062,104080,104084],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,104043,104044,104046,104048,104050,104052,104054,104056,104058,104060],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,104045,3937],{"class":207},[43,104047,212],{"class":211},[43,104049,1649],{"class":53},[43,104051,797],{"class":63},[43,104053,800],{"class":53},[43,104055,803],{"class":63},[43,104057,800],{"class":53},[43,104059,808],{"class":63},[43,104061,1667],{"class":53},[43,104063,104064,104066,104068,104070,104072,104074,104076,104078],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,104065,3937],{"class":207},[43,104067,212],{"class":211},[43,104069,4586],{"class":207},[43,104071,315],{"class":53},[43,104073,102983],{"class":236},[43,104075,54],{"class":53},[43,104077,447],{"class":63},[43,104079,227],{"class":53},[43,104081,104082],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,104083,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,104085,104086,104088,104090,104092],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,104087,50],{"class":49},[43,104089,54],{"class":53},[43,104091,3969],{"class":236},[43,104093,227],{"class":53},[14,104095,104096,2218,104098,2125,104100,2733,104102,315],{},[18,104097,3969],{},[18,104099,4099],{},[18,104101,102916],{},[18,104103,4099],{},[14,104105,19163],{},[34,104107,104109],{"className":36,"code":104108,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,104110,104111,104131,104145,104149],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,104112,104113,104115,104117,104119,104121,104123,104125,104127,104129],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,104114,3937],{"class":207},[43,104116,212],{"class":211},[43,104118,1649],{"class":53},[43,104120,797],{"class":63},[43,104122,800],{"class":53},[43,104124,803],{"class":63},[43,104126,800],{"class":53},[43,104128,808],{"class":63},[43,104130,1667],{"class":53},[43,104132,104133,104135,104137,104139,104141,104143],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,104134,3969],{"class":207},[43,104136,315],{"class":53},[43,104138,102983],{"class":236},[43,104140,54],{"class":53},[43,104142,447],{"class":63},[43,104144,227],{"class":53},[43,104146,104147],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,104148,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,104150,104151,104153,104155,104157],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,104152,50],{"class":49},[43,104154,54],{"class":53},[43,104156,3969],{"class":236},[43,104158,227],{"class":53},[402,104160,37529,104162,9023,104164],{"id":104161},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[18,104163,102916],{},[18,104165,55585],{},[14,104167,104168,104169,315],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[18,104170,102916],{},[34,104172,104174],{"className":36,"code":104173,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[18,104175,104176,104208,104229],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,104177,104178,104180,104182,104184,104186,104188,104190,104192,104194,104196,104198,104200,104202,104204,104206],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,104179,36414],{"class":207},[43,104181,212],{"class":211},[43,104183,1649],{"class":53},[43,104185,82],{"class":81},[43,104187,189],{"class":85},[43,104189,82],{"class":81},[43,104191,800],{"class":53},[43,104193,932],{"class":81},[43,104195,1231],{"class":85},[43,104197,82],{"class":81},[43,104199,800],{"class":53},[43,104201,932],{"class":81},[43,104203,10055],{"class":85},[43,104205,82],{"class":81},[43,104207,1667],{"class":53},[43,104209,104210,104212,104214,104216,104218,104220,104222,104224,104226],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,104211,36467],{"class":207},[43,104213,315],{"class":53},[43,104215,102983],{"class":236},[43,104217,54],{"class":53},[43,104219,82],{"class":81},[43,104221,22400],{"class":85},[43,104223,82],{"class":81},[43,104225,1221],{"class":53},[43,104227,104228],{"class":3984},"   # safe\n",[43,104230,104231,104233,104235,104237],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,104232,50],{"class":49},[43,104234,54],{"class":53},[43,104236,36467],{"class":236},[43,104238,227],{"class":53},[14,104240,104241,104242,45961,104245,315],{},"If you use ",[18,104243,104244],{},"remove(\"z\")",[18,104246,20010],{},[402,104248,25940,104250,104252],{"id":104249},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[18,104251,102916],{}," on a list instead of a set",[14,104254,104255,102269],{},[18,104256,102916],{},[14,104258,16966],{},[34,104260,104262],{"className":36,"code":104261,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[18,104263,104264,104284],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,104265,104266,104268,104270,104272,104274,104276,104278,104280,104282],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,104267,8104],{"class":207},[43,104269,212],{"class":211},[43,104271,3942],{"class":53},[43,104273,797],{"class":63},[43,104275,800],{"class":53},[43,104277,803],{"class":63},[43,104279,800],{"class":53},[43,104281,808],{"class":63},[43,104283,3955],{"class":53},[43,104285,104286,104288,104290,104292,104294,104296],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,104287,8135],{"class":207},[43,104289,315],{"class":53},[43,104291,102983],{"class":236},[43,104293,54],{"class":53},[43,104295,447],{"class":63},[43,104297,227],{"class":53},[14,104299,104300,104301,325],{},"Use a set if you need ",[18,104302,102916],{},[34,104304,104306],{"className":36,"code":104305,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[18,104307,104308,104328,104342],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,104309,104310,104312,104314,104316,104318,104320,104322,104324,104326],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,104311,8104],{"class":207},[43,104313,212],{"class":211},[43,104315,1649],{"class":53},[43,104317,797],{"class":63},[43,104319,800],{"class":53},[43,104321,803],{"class":63},[43,104323,800],{"class":53},[43,104325,808],{"class":63},[43,104327,1667],{"class":53},[43,104329,104330,104332,104334,104336,104338,104340],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,104331,8135],{"class":207},[43,104333,315],{"class":53},[43,104335,102983],{"class":236},[43,104337,54],{"class":53},[43,104339,447],{"class":63},[43,104341,227],{"class":53},[43,104343,104344,104346,104348,104350],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,104345,50],{"class":49},[43,104347,54],{"class":53},[43,104349,8135],{"class":236},[43,104351,227],{"class":53},[402,104353,104355],{"id":104354},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[14,104357,104358],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[14,104360,3167],{},[34,104362,104364],{"className":36,"code":104363,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[18,104365,104366,104386],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,104367,104368,104370,104372,104374,104376,104378,104380,104382,104384],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,104369,9481],{"class":207},[43,104371,212],{"class":211},[43,104373,1649],{"class":53},[43,104375,797],{"class":63},[43,104377,800],{"class":53},[43,104379,803],{"class":63},[43,104381,800],{"class":53},[43,104383,808],{"class":63},[43,104385,1667],{"class":53},[43,104387,104388,104390,104392,104394,104396,104398],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,104389,9520],{"class":207},[43,104391,315],{"class":53},[43,104393,102983],{"class":236},[43,104395,794],{"class":53},[43,104397,447],{"class":63},[43,104399,4209],{"class":53},[14,104401,104402],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[29,104404,9191],{"id":9190},[14,104406,9194,104407,104409],{},[18,104408,102916],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[34,104411,104413],{"className":36,"code":104412,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[18,104414,104415,104425,104439,104453],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,104416,104417,104419,104421,104423],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,104418,50],{"class":49},[43,104420,54],{"class":53},[43,104422,15988],{"class":236},[43,104424,227],{"class":53},[43,104426,104427,104429,104431,104433,104435,104437],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,104428,50],{"class":49},[43,104430,54],{"class":53},[43,104432,248],{"class":57},[43,104434,54],{"class":53},[43,104436,15988],{"class":236},[43,104438,67],{"class":53},[43,104440,104441,104443,104445,104447,104449,104451],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,104442,50],{"class":49},[43,104444,54],{"class":53},[43,104446,1589],{"class":236},[43,104448,4203],{"class":1927},[43,104450,96986],{"class":236},[43,104452,227],{"class":53},[43,104454,104455,104457,104459,104461,104463,104465],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,104456,32474],{"class":49},[43,104458,54],{"class":53},[43,104460,6613],{"class":57},[43,104462,315],{"class":53},[43,104464,102983],{"class":25074},[43,104466,227],{"class":53},[14,104468,11486],{},[150,104470,104471,104474,104477,104480],{},[153,104472,104473],{},"What is currently in the set",[153,104475,104476],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[153,104478,104479],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[153,104481,104482],{},"How Python documents the method",[29,104484,2162],{"id":2161},[402,104486,104488],{"id":104487},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[14,104490,104491,104492,104494],{},"Nothing happens. ",[18,104493,102916],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[402,104496,5466,104498,13035],{"id":104497},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[18,104499,102921],{},[14,104501,2206,104502,104504],{},[18,104503,4099],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[402,104506,5503,104508,895,104510,2822],{"id":104507},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[18,104509,102916],{},[18,104511,55585],{},[14,104513,104514,104515,26862,104517,104519,104520,104522],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[18,104516,55585],{},[18,104518,20010],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[18,104521,102916],{}," does not.",[402,104524,28653,104526,104528],{"id":104525},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[18,104527,102916],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[14,104530,46418,104531,104533],{},[18,104532,102916],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[29,104535,2229],{"id":2228},[150,104537,104538,104544,104550,104555,104559],{},[153,104539,104540],{},[189,104541,96876,104542,11055],{"href":98271},[18,104543,55585],{},[153,104545,104546],{},[189,104547,96876,104548,11055],{"href":98276},[18,104549,13082],{},[153,104551,104552],{},[189,104553,104554],{"href":97945},"Python set: creating a set",[153,104556,104557],{},[189,104558,100411],{"href":98853},[153,104560,104561],{},[189,104562,11578],{"href":11389},[2262,104564,104565],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":104567},[104568,104569,104571,104574,104579,104580,104581,104582,104584,104593,104594,104603],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":103093,"depth":70,"text":104570},"What set.discard() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290,"children":104572},[104573],{"id":103166,"depth":93,"text":103167},{"id":103246,"depth":70,"text":104575,"children":104576},"What makes discard() different",[104577],{"id":103285,"depth":93,"text":104578},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103438,"depth":70,"text":103439},{"id":11791,"depth":70,"text":11792},{"id":103809,"depth":70,"text":103810},{"id":104002,"depth":70,"text":104583},"When to use discard()",{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160,"children":104585},[104586,104588,104590,104592],{"id":104031,"depth":93,"text":104587},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104161,"depth":93,"text":104589},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104249,"depth":93,"text":104591},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104354,"depth":93,"text":104355},{"id":9190,"depth":70,"text":9191},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":104595},[104596,104597,104599,104601],{"id":104487,"depth":93,"text":104488},{"id":104497,"depth":93,"text":104598},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104507,"depth":93,"text":104600},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104525,"depth":93,"text":104602},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102908,"description":104604},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104611,"title":104612,"body":104613,"description":106619,"extension":2312,"meta":106620,"navigation":958,"path":106621,"seo":106622,"stem":106623,"__hash__":106624},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104614,"toc":106577},[104615,104618,104626,104631,104642,104644,104699,104703,104723,104728,104732,104737,104739,104753,104755,104830,104832,104865,104870,104875,104877,104879,104894,104897,104905,104910,104925,104927,105016,105018,105107,105113,105117,105119,105157,105159,105183,105186,105201,105203,105258,105260,105293,105295,105300,105304,105308,105313,105378,105380,105400,105406,105410,105467,105469,105490,105494,105499,105544,105546,105579,105582,105586,105619,105621,105650,105654,105658,105661,105663,105682,105684,105730,105735,105749,105751,105782,105787,105790,105834,105836,105864,105868,105872,105888,105891,105956,105958,105970,105973,105977,105980,105985,106013,106015,106033,106039,106078,106080,106098,106104,106133,106135,106153,106156,106173,106175,106180,106184,106187,106213,106220,106225,106240,106249,106253,106256,106287,106293,106296,106305,106308,106310,106312,106370,106373,106398,106400,106404,106407,106411,106419,106423,106426,106430,106433,106435,106458,106460,106501,106508,106516,106519,106550,106552,106574],[10,104616,104612],{"id":104617},"python-set-function-explained",[14,104619,16,104620,104622,104623,315],{},[18,104621,4118],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[913,104624,104625],{},"unique values only",[14,104627,35728,104628,104630],{},[18,104629,4118],{}," to:",[150,104632,104633,104636,104639],{},[153,104634,104635],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[153,104637,104638],{},"check whether a value exists",[153,104640,104641],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[29,104643,32],{"id":31},[34,104645,104647],{"className":36,"code":104646,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[18,104648,104649,104673,104688],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,104650,104651,104653,104655,104657,104659,104661,104663,104665,104667,104669,104671],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,104652,3937],{"class":207},[43,104654,212],{"class":211},[43,104656,3942],{"class":53},[43,104658,797],{"class":63},[43,104660,800],{"class":53},[43,104662,803],{"class":63},[43,104664,800],{"class":53},[43,104666,803],{"class":63},[43,104668,800],{"class":53},[43,104670,808],{"class":63},[43,104672,3955],{"class":53},[43,104674,104675,104678,104680,104682,104684,104686],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,104676,104677],{"class":207},"unique_numbers ",[43,104679,212],{"class":211},[43,104681,15955],{"class":57},[43,104683,54],{"class":53},[43,104685,3969],{"class":236},[43,104687,227],{"class":53},[43,104689,104690,104692,104694,104697],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,104691,50],{"class":49},[43,104693,54],{"class":53},[43,104695,104696],{"class":236},"unique_numbers",[43,104698,227],{"class":53},[14,104700,104701],{},[913,104702,110],{},[34,104704,104705],{"className":36,"code":96669,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,104706,104707],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,104708,104709,104711,104713,104715,104717,104719,104721],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,104710,9594],{"class":53},[43,104712,797],{"class":63},[43,104714,800],{"class":53},[43,104716,803],{"class":63},[43,104718,800],{"class":53},[43,104720,808],{"class":63},[43,104722,1667],{"class":53},[14,104724,133,104725,104727],{},[18,104726,4118],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[29,104729,104731],{"id":104730},"what-set-does","What set() does",[14,104733,104734,104736],{},[18,104735,4118],{}," creates a new set object.",[14,104738,30861],{},[150,104740,104741,104744,104747,104750],{},[153,104742,104743],{},"A set stores unique items only",[153,104745,104746],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[153,104748,104749],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[153,104751,104752],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[14,104754,197],{},[34,104756,104758],{"className":36,"code":104757,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[18,104759,104760,104800,104815,104819],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,104761,104762,104764,104766,104768,104770,104772,104774,104776,104778,104780,104782,104784,104786,104788,104790,104792,104794,104796,104798],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,104763,13396],{"class":207},[43,104765,212],{"class":211},[43,104767,3942],{"class":53},[43,104769,82],{"class":81},[43,104771,13413],{"class":85},[43,104773,82],{"class":81},[43,104775,800],{"class":53},[43,104777,932],{"class":81},[43,104779,13430],{"class":85},[43,104781,82],{"class":81},[43,104783,800],{"class":53},[43,104785,932],{"class":81},[43,104787,13413],{"class":85},[43,104789,82],{"class":81},[43,104791,800],{"class":53},[43,104793,932],{"class":81},[43,104795,17777],{"class":85},[43,104797,82],{"class":81},[43,104799,3955],{"class":53},[43,104801,104802,104805,104807,104809,104811,104813],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,104803,104804],{"class":207},"unique_colors ",[43,104806,212],{"class":211},[43,104808,15955],{"class":57},[43,104810,54],{"class":53},[43,104812,17824],{"class":236},[43,104814,227],{"class":53},[43,104816,104817],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,104818,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,104820,104821,104823,104825,104828],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,104822,50],{"class":49},[43,104824,54],{"class":53},[43,104826,104827],{"class":236},"unique_colors",[43,104829,227],{"class":53},[14,104831,30350],{},[34,104833,104835],{"className":36,"code":104834,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[18,104836,104837],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,104838,104839,104841,104843,104845,104847,104849,104851,104853,104855,104857,104859,104861,104863],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,104840,9594],{"class":53},[43,104842,283],{"class":81},[43,104844,13430],{"class":85},[43,104846,283],{"class":81},[43,104848,800],{"class":53},[43,104850,278],{"class":81},[43,104852,17777],{"class":85},[43,104854,283],{"class":81},[43,104856,800],{"class":53},[43,104858,278],{"class":81},[43,104860,13413],{"class":85},[43,104862,283],{"class":81},[43,104864,1667],{"class":53},[14,104866,2626,104867,104869],{},[18,104868,65451],{}," appears only once.",[14,104871,104872,104873,315],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[189,104874,96390],{"href":96389},[29,104876,290],{"id":289},[14,104878,2505],{},[34,104880,104882],{"className":36,"code":104881,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set(iterable)\n",[18,104883,104884],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,104885,104886,104888,104890,104892],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,104887,6613],{"class":57},[43,104889,54],{"class":53},[43,104891,4042],{"class":236},[43,104893,227],{"class":53},[14,104895,104896],{},"The argument is optional.",[150,104898,104899,104902],{},[153,104900,104901],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[153,104903,104904],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[14,104906,104907,104908,325],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[18,104909,4118],{},[150,104911,104912,104914,104916,104918,104922],{},[153,104913,849],{},[153,104915,49007],{},[153,104917,61232],{},[153,104919,104920],{},[18,104921,36522],{},[153,104923,104924],{},"another set",[14,104926,2472],{},[34,104928,104930],{"className":36,"code":104929,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[18,104931,104932,104958,104980,104998],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,104933,104934,104936,104938,104940,104942,104944,104946,104948,104950,104952,104954,104956],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,104935,50],{"class":49},[43,104937,54],{"class":53},[43,104939,6613],{"class":57},[43,104941,794],{"class":53},[43,104943,797],{"class":63},[43,104945,800],{"class":53},[43,104947,803],{"class":63},[43,104949,800],{"class":53},[43,104951,803],{"class":63},[43,104953,800],{"class":53},[43,104955,808],{"class":63},[43,104957,811],{"class":53},[43,104959,104960,104962,104964,104966,104968,104970,104972,104974,104976,104978],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,104961,50],{"class":49},[43,104963,54],{"class":53},[43,104965,6613],{"class":57},[43,104967,5836],{"class":53},[43,104969,512],{"class":63},[43,104971,800],{"class":53},[43,104973,8115],{"class":63},[43,104975,800],{"class":53},[43,104977,6331],{"class":63},[43,104979,3239],{"class":53},[43,104981,104982,104984,104986,104988,104990,104992,104994,104996],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,104983,50],{"class":49},[43,104985,54],{"class":53},[43,104987,6613],{"class":57},[43,104989,54],{"class":53},[43,104991,82],{"class":81},[43,104993,710],{"class":85},[43,104995,82],{"class":81},[43,104997,67],{"class":53},[43,104999,105000,105002,105004,105006,105008,105010,105012,105014],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,105001,50],{"class":49},[43,105003,54],{"class":53},[43,105005,6613],{"class":57},[43,105007,54],{"class":53},[43,105009,60056],{"class":49},[43,105011,54],{"class":53},[43,105013,2835],{"class":63},[43,105015,3239],{"class":53},[14,105017,30350],{},[34,105019,105021],{"className":36,"code":105020,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[18,105022,105023,105039,105051,105087],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105024,105025,105027,105029,105031,105033,105035,105037],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105026,9594],{"class":53},[43,105028,797],{"class":63},[43,105030,800],{"class":53},[43,105032,803],{"class":63},[43,105034,800],{"class":53},[43,105036,808],{"class":63},[43,105038,1667],{"class":53},[43,105040,105041,105043,105045,105047,105049],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,105042,9594],{"class":53},[43,105044,512],{"class":63},[43,105046,800],{"class":53},[43,105048,8115],{"class":63},[43,105050,1667],{"class":53},[43,105052,105053,105055,105057,105059,105061,105063,105065,105067,105069,105071,105073,105075,105077,105079,105081,105083,105085],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,105054,9594],{"class":53},[43,105056,283],{"class":81},[43,105058,60496],{"class":85},[43,105060,283],{"class":81},[43,105062,800],{"class":53},[43,105064,278],{"class":81},[43,105066,60505],{"class":85},[43,105068,283],{"class":81},[43,105070,800],{"class":53},[43,105072,278],{"class":81},[43,105074,60514],{"class":85},[43,105076,283],{"class":81},[43,105078,800],{"class":53},[43,105080,278],{"class":81},[43,105082,60531],{"class":85},[43,105084,283],{"class":81},[43,105086,1667],{"class":53},[43,105088,105089,105091,105093,105095,105097,105099,105101,105103,105105],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,105090,9594],{"class":53},[43,105092,2466],{"class":63},[43,105094,800],{"class":53},[43,105096,5823],{"class":63},[43,105098,800],{"class":53},[43,105100,803],{"class":63},[43,105102,800],{"class":53},[43,105104,808],{"class":63},[43,105106,1667],{"class":53},[14,105108,105109,105110,315],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[189,105111,105112],{"href":64906},"Python list() function explained",[29,105114,105116],{"id":105115},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[14,105118,98342],{},[34,105120,105121],{"className":36,"code":99307,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,105122,105123,105133,105143],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105124,105125,105127,105129,105131],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105126,98352],{"class":207},[43,105128,212],{"class":211},[43,105130,15955],{"class":57},[43,105132,1728],{"class":53},[43,105134,105135,105137,105139,105141],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,105136,50],{"class":49},[43,105138,54],{"class":53},[43,105140,98371],{"class":236},[43,105142,227],{"class":53},[43,105144,105145,105147,105149,105151,105153,105155],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,105146,50],{"class":49},[43,105148,54],{"class":53},[43,105150,248],{"class":57},[43,105152,54],{"class":53},[43,105154,98371],{"class":236},[43,105156,67],{"class":53},[14,105158,110],{},[34,105160,105161],{"className":36,"code":99350,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,105162,105163,105169],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105164,105165,105167],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105166,6613],{"class":57},[43,105168,1728],{"class":53},[43,105170,105171,105173,105175,105177,105179,105181],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,105172,271],{"class":211},[43,105174,275],{"class":274},[43,105176,278],{"class":81},[43,105178,6613],{"class":85},[43,105180,283],{"class":81},[43,105182,286],{"class":211},[14,105184,105185],{},"This is important because:",[150,105187,105188,105193],{},[153,105189,105190,105192],{},[18,105191,4118],{}," creates an empty set",[153,105194,105195,105197,105198,105200],{},[18,105196,4113],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[913,105199,734],{}," a set",[14,105202,197],{},[34,105204,105206],{"className":36,"code":105205,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[18,105207,105208,105218,105226,105230,105244],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105209,105210,105212,105214,105216],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105211,1178],{"class":207},[43,105213,212],{"class":211},[43,105215,15955],{"class":57},[43,105217,1728],{"class":53},[43,105219,105220,105222,105224],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,105221,1192],{"class":207},[43,105223,212],{"class":211},[43,105225,10154],{"class":53},[43,105227,105228],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,105229,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,105231,105232,105234,105236,105238,105240,105242],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,105233,50],{"class":49},[43,105235,54],{"class":53},[43,105237,248],{"class":57},[43,105239,54],{"class":53},[43,105241,189],{"class":236},[43,105243,67],{"class":53},[43,105245,105246,105248,105250,105252,105254,105256],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,105247,50],{"class":49},[43,105249,54],{"class":53},[43,105251,248],{"class":57},[43,105253,54],{"class":53},[43,105255,1231],{"class":236},[43,105257,67],{"class":53},[14,105259,110],{},[34,105261,105263],{"className":36,"code":105262,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,105264,105265,105279],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105266,105267,105269,105271,105273,105275,105277],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105268,271],{"class":211},[43,105270,275],{"class":274},[43,105272,278],{"class":81},[43,105274,6613],{"class":85},[43,105276,283],{"class":81},[43,105278,286],{"class":211},[43,105280,105281,105283,105285,105287,105289,105291],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,105282,271],{"class":211},[43,105284,275],{"class":274},[43,105286,278],{"class":81},[43,105288,9140],{"class":85},[43,105290,283],{"class":81},[43,105292,286],{"class":211},[14,105294,14370],{},[14,105296,105297,105298,315],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[189,105299,104554],{"href":96393},[29,105301,105303],{"id":105302},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[402,105305,105307],{"id":105306},"from-a-list","From a list",[14,105309,105310,105311,315],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[18,105312,4118],{},[34,105314,105316],{"className":36,"code":105315,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,105317,105318,105350,105364,105368],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105319,105320,105322,105324,105326,105328,105330,105332,105334,105336,105338,105340,105342,105344,105346,105348],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105321,3937],{"class":207},[43,105323,212],{"class":211},[43,105325,3942],{"class":53},[43,105327,797],{"class":63},[43,105329,800],{"class":53},[43,105331,803],{"class":63},[43,105333,800],{"class":53},[43,105335,803],{"class":63},[43,105337,800],{"class":53},[43,105339,808],{"class":63},[43,105341,800],{"class":53},[43,105343,808],{"class":63},[43,105345,800],{"class":53},[43,105347,808],{"class":63},[43,105349,3955],{"class":53},[43,105351,105352,105354,105356,105358,105360,105362],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,105353,1282],{"class":207},[43,105355,212],{"class":211},[43,105357,15955],{"class":57},[43,105359,54],{"class":53},[43,105361,3969],{"class":236},[43,105363,227],{"class":53},[43,105365,105366],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,105367,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,105369,105370,105372,105374,105376],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,105371,50],{"class":49},[43,105373,54],{"class":53},[43,105375,1306],{"class":236},[43,105377,227],{"class":53},[14,105379,110],{},[34,105381,105382],{"className":36,"code":96669,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,105383,105384],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105385,105386,105388,105390,105392,105394,105396,105398],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105387,9594],{"class":53},[43,105389,797],{"class":63},[43,105391,800],{"class":53},[43,105393,803],{"class":63},[43,105395,800],{"class":53},[43,105397,808],{"class":63},[43,105399,1667],{"class":53},[14,105401,105402,105403,315],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[189,105404,99140],{"href":105405},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[402,105407,105409],{"id":105408},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[34,105411,105413],{"className":36,"code":105412,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,105414,105415,105439,105453,105457],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105416,105417,105419,105421,105423,105425,105427,105429,105431,105433,105435,105437],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105418,4144],{"class":207},[43,105420,212],{"class":211},[43,105422,9552],{"class":53},[43,105424,64],{"class":63},[43,105426,800],{"class":53},[43,105428,4929],{"class":63},[43,105430,800],{"class":53},[43,105432,6331],{"class":63},[43,105434,800],{"class":53},[43,105436,38262],{"class":63},[43,105438,227],{"class":53},[43,105440,105441,105443,105445,105447,105449,105451],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,105442,1282],{"class":207},[43,105444,212],{"class":211},[43,105446,15955],{"class":57},[43,105448,54],{"class":53},[43,105450,5683],{"class":236},[43,105452,227],{"class":53},[43,105454,105455],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,105456,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,105458,105459,105461,105463,105465],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,105460,50],{"class":49},[43,105462,54],{"class":53},[43,105464,1306],{"class":236},[43,105466,227],{"class":53},[14,105468,110],{},[34,105470,105472],{"className":36,"code":105471,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[18,105473,105474],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105475,105476,105478,105480,105482,105484,105486,105488],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105477,9594],{"class":53},[43,105479,64],{"class":63},[43,105481,800],{"class":53},[43,105483,6331],{"class":63},[43,105485,800],{"class":53},[43,105487,38262],{"class":63},[43,105489,1667],{"class":53},[402,105491,105493],{"id":105492},"from-a-string","From a string",[14,105495,51182,105496,105498],{},[18,105497,4118],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[34,105500,105502],{"className":36,"code":105501,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,105503,105504,105516,105530,105534],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105505,105506,105508,105510,105512,105514],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105507,927],{"class":207},[43,105509,212],{"class":211},[43,105511,932],{"class":81},[43,105513,4410],{"class":85},[43,105515,938],{"class":81},[43,105517,105518,105520,105522,105524,105526,105528],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,105519,1282],{"class":207},[43,105521,212],{"class":211},[43,105523,15955],{"class":57},[43,105525,54],{"class":53},[43,105527,951],{"class":236},[43,105529,227],{"class":53},[43,105531,105532],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,105533,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,105535,105536,105538,105540,105542],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,105537,50],{"class":49},[43,105539,54],{"class":53},[43,105541,1306],{"class":236},[43,105543,227],{"class":53},[14,105545,30350],{},[34,105547,105549],{"className":36,"code":105548,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[18,105550,105551],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105552,105553,105555,105557,105559,105561,105563,105565,105567,105569,105571,105573,105575,105577],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105554,9594],{"class":53},[43,105556,283],{"class":81},[43,105558,1231],{"class":85},[43,105560,283],{"class":81},[43,105562,800],{"class":53},[43,105564,278],{"class":81},[43,105566,189],{"class":85},[43,105568,283],{"class":81},[43,105570,800],{"class":53},[43,105572,278],{"class":81},[43,105574,76089],{"class":85},[43,105576,283],{"class":81},[43,105578,1667],{"class":53},[14,105580,105581],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[402,105583,105585],{"id":105584},"from-range","From range()",[34,105587,105589],{"className":36,"code":105588,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[18,105590,105591,105609],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105592,105593,105595,105597,105599,105601,105603,105605,105607],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105594,1282],{"class":207},[43,105596,212],{"class":211},[43,105598,15955],{"class":57},[43,105600,54],{"class":53},[43,105602,60056],{"class":49},[43,105604,54],{"class":53},[43,105606,64],{"class":63},[43,105608,67],{"class":53},[43,105610,105611,105613,105615,105617],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,105612,50],{"class":49},[43,105614,54],{"class":53},[43,105616,1306],{"class":236},[43,105618,227],{"class":53},[14,105620,110],{},[34,105622,105624],{"className":36,"code":105623,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,105625,105626],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105627,105628,105630,105632,105634,105636,105638,105640,105642,105644,105646,105648],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105629,9594],{"class":53},[43,105631,2466],{"class":63},[43,105633,800],{"class":53},[43,105635,5823],{"class":63},[43,105637,800],{"class":53},[43,105639,803],{"class":63},[43,105641,800],{"class":53},[43,105643,808],{"class":63},[43,105645,800],{"class":53},[43,105647,2789],{"class":63},[43,105649,1667],{"class":53},[29,105651,105653],{"id":105652},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[14,105655,99587,105656,315],{},[913,105657,96433],{},[14,105659,105660],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[14,105662,99593],{},[150,105664,105665,105669,105673,105677],{},[153,105666,105667],{},[18,105668,2069],{},[153,105670,105671],{},[18,105672,1038],{},[153,105674,105675],{},[18,105676,58],{},[153,105678,105679,105681],{},[18,105680,49007],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[14,105683,197],{},[34,105685,105687],{"className":36,"code":105686,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[18,105688,105689,105720],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105690,105691,105693,105695,105697,105699,105701,105703,105705,105707,105709,105711,105713,105715,105717],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105692,8104],{"class":207},[43,105694,212],{"class":211},[43,105696,1649],{"class":53},[43,105698,797],{"class":63},[43,105700,800],{"class":53},[43,105702,932],{"class":81},[43,105704,710],{"class":85},[43,105706,82],{"class":81},[43,105708,800],{"class":53},[43,105710,9552],{"class":53},[43,105712,512],{"class":63},[43,105714,800],{"class":53},[43,105716,8115],{"class":63},[43,105718,105719],{"class":53},")}\n",[43,105721,105722,105724,105726,105728],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,105723,50],{"class":49},[43,105725,54],{"class":53},[43,105727,8135],{"class":236},[43,105729,227],{"class":53},[14,105731,99655,105732,105734],{},[913,105733,734],{}," work inside a set:",[150,105736,105737,105741,105745],{},[153,105738,105739],{},[18,105740,849],{},[153,105742,105743],{},[18,105744,9140],{},[153,105746,105747],{},[18,105748,6613],{},[14,105750,97158],{},[34,105752,105754],{"className":36,"code":105753,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[18,105755,105756],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105757,105758,105760,105762,105764,105766,105768,105770,105772,105774,105776,105778,105780],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105759,99674],{"class":207},[43,105761,212],{"class":211},[43,105763,99679],{"class":53},[43,105765,797],{"class":63},[43,105767,800],{"class":53},[43,105769,803],{"class":63},[43,105771,18384],{"class":53},[43,105773,3942],{"class":53},[43,105775,2409],{"class":63},[43,105777,800],{"class":53},[43,105779,2789],{"class":63},[43,105781,14027],{"class":53},[14,105783,76917,105784,105786],{},[18,105785,823],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[14,105788,105789],{},"A safer example:",[34,105791,105793],{"className":36,"code":105792,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[18,105794,105795,105823],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105796,105797,105800,105802,105805,105807,105809,105811,105813,105815,105817,105819,105821],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105798,105799],{"class":207},"good_set ",[43,105801,212],{"class":211},[43,105803,105804],{"class":53}," {(",[43,105806,797],{"class":63},[43,105808,800],{"class":53},[43,105810,803],{"class":63},[43,105812,9549],{"class":53},[43,105814,9552],{"class":53},[43,105816,2409],{"class":63},[43,105818,800],{"class":53},[43,105820,2789],{"class":63},[43,105822,105719],{"class":53},[43,105824,105825,105827,105829,105832],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,105826,50],{"class":49},[43,105828,54],{"class":53},[43,105830,105831],{"class":236},"good_set",[43,105833,227],{"class":53},[14,105835,110],{},[34,105837,105839],{"className":36,"code":105838,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[18,105840,105841],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105842,105843,105846,105848,105850,105852,105854,105856,105858,105860,105862],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105844,105845],{"class":53},"{(",[43,105847,797],{"class":63},[43,105849,800],{"class":53},[43,105851,803],{"class":63},[43,105853,9549],{"class":53},[43,105855,9552],{"class":53},[43,105857,2409],{"class":63},[43,105859,800],{"class":53},[43,105861,2789],{"class":63},[43,105863,105719],{"class":53},[29,105865,105867],{"id":105866},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[14,105869,133,105870,10916],{},[18,105871,4118],{},[150,105873,105874,105877,105882,105885],{},[153,105875,105876],{},"you need unique values only",[153,105878,105879,105880],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[18,105881,4203],{},[153,105883,105884],{},"order does not matter",[153,105886,105887],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[14,105889,105890],{},"Example of membership checking:",[34,105892,105894],{"className":36,"code":105893,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[18,105895,105896,105921,105925,105941],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105897,105898,105901,105903,105905,105907,105909,105911,105914,105916,105919],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105899,105900],{"class":207},"allowed_ids ",[43,105902,212],{"class":211},[43,105904,15955],{"class":57},[43,105906,794],{"class":53},[43,105908,46645],{"class":63},[43,105910,800],{"class":53},[43,105912,105913],{"class":63}," 102",[43,105915,800],{"class":53},[43,105917,105918],{"class":63}," 103",[43,105920,4209],{"class":53},[43,105922,105923],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,105924,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,105926,105927,105929,105931,105934,105936,105939],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,105928,50],{"class":49},[43,105930,54],{"class":53},[43,105932,105933],{"class":63},"102",[43,105935,21497],{"class":1927},[43,105937,105938],{"class":236}," allowed_ids",[43,105940,227],{"class":53},[43,105942,105943,105945,105947,105950,105952,105954],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,105944,50],{"class":49},[43,105946,54],{"class":53},[43,105948,105949],{"class":63},"999",[43,105951,21497],{"class":1927},[43,105953,105938],{"class":236},[43,105955,227],{"class":53},[14,105957,110],{},[34,105959,105960],{"className":36,"code":44226,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,105961,105962,105966],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105963,105964],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105965,4301],{"class":104},[43,105967,105968],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,105969,4362],{"class":104},[14,105971,105972],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[29,105974,105976],{"id":105975},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[14,105978,105979],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[402,105981,133,105983,98284],{"id":105982},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[18,105984,4118],{},[34,105986,105987],{"className":36,"code":98345,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,105988,105989,105999],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,105990,105991,105993,105995,105997],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,105992,98352],{"class":207},[43,105994,212],{"class":211},[43,105996,15955],{"class":57},[43,105998,1728],{"class":53},[43,106000,106001,106003,106005,106007,106009,106011],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,106002,50],{"class":49},[43,106004,54],{"class":53},[43,106006,248],{"class":57},[43,106008,54],{"class":53},[43,106010,98371],{"class":236},[43,106012,67],{"class":53},[14,106014,110],{},[34,106016,106017],{"className":36,"code":9171,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,106018,106019],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106020,106021,106023,106025,106027,106029,106031],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106022,271],{"class":211},[43,106024,275],{"class":274},[43,106026,278],{"class":81},[43,106028,6613],{"class":85},[43,106030,283],{"class":81},[43,106032,286],{"class":211},[402,106034,133,106036,106038],{"id":106035},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[18,106037,100344],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[34,106040,106042],{"className":36,"code":106041,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[18,106043,106044,106064],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106045,106046,106048,106050,106052,106054,106056,106058,106060,106062],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106047,3937],{"class":207},[43,106049,212],{"class":211},[43,106051,1649],{"class":53},[43,106053,797],{"class":63},[43,106055,800],{"class":53},[43,106057,803],{"class":63},[43,106059,800],{"class":53},[43,106061,808],{"class":63},[43,106063,1667],{"class":53},[43,106065,106066,106068,106070,106072,106074,106076],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,106067,50],{"class":49},[43,106069,54],{"class":53},[43,106071,248],{"class":57},[43,106073,54],{"class":53},[43,106075,3969],{"class":236},[43,106077,67],{"class":53},[14,106079,110],{},[34,106081,106082],{"className":36,"code":9171,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,106083,106084],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106085,106086,106088,106090,106092,106094,106096],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106087,271],{"class":211},[43,106089,275],{"class":274},[43,106091,278],{"class":81},[43,106093,6613],{"class":85},[43,106095,283],{"class":81},[43,106097,286],{"class":211},[402,106099,133,106101,106103],{"id":106100},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[18,106102,4113],{}," for an empty dictionary",[34,106105,106107],{"className":36,"code":106106,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[18,106108,106109,106118],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106110,106111,106114,106116],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106112,106113],{"class":207},"empty_dict ",[43,106115,212],{"class":211},[43,106117,10154],{"class":53},[43,106119,106120,106122,106124,106126,106128,106131],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,106121,50],{"class":49},[43,106123,54],{"class":53},[43,106125,248],{"class":57},[43,106127,54],{"class":53},[43,106129,106130],{"class":236},"empty_dict",[43,106132,67],{"class":53},[14,106134,110],{},[34,106136,106137],{"className":36,"code":9127,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,106138,106139],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106140,106141,106143,106145,106147,106149,106151],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106142,271],{"class":211},[43,106144,275],{"class":274},[43,106146,278],{"class":81},[43,106148,9140],{"class":85},[43,106150,283],{"class":81},[43,106152,286],{"class":211},[14,106154,106155],{},"So the rule is simple:",[150,106157,106158,106163,106168],{},[153,106159,106160,106162],{},[18,106161,4118],{}," → empty set",[153,106164,106165,106167],{},[18,106166,100344],{}," → non-empty set",[153,106169,106170,106172],{},[18,106171,4113],{}," → empty dictionary",[29,106174,3160],{"id":3159},[14,106176,106177,106178,315],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[18,106179,4118],{},[402,106181,8738,106182,99942],{"id":99939},[18,106183,4113],{},[14,106185,106186],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[34,106188,106189],{"className":36,"code":99948,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,106190,106191,106199],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106192,106193,106195,106197],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106194,1589],{"class":207},[43,106196,212],{"class":211},[43,106198,10154],{"class":53},[43,106200,106201,106203,106205,106207,106209,106211],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,106202,50],{"class":49},[43,106204,54],{"class":53},[43,106206,248],{"class":57},[43,106208,54],{"class":53},[43,106210,307],{"class":236},[43,106212,67],{"class":53},[402,106214,106216,106217],{"id":106215},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[18,106218,106219],{},"set(5)",[14,106221,106222,106224],{},[18,106223,4118],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[34,106226,106228],{"className":36,"code":106227,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set(5)\n",[18,106229,106230],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106231,106232,106234,106236,106238],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106233,6613],{"class":57},[43,106235,54],{"class":53},[43,106237,64],{"class":63},[43,106239,227],{"class":53},[14,106241,885,106242,106244,106245,315],{},[18,106243,823],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[189,106246,106248],{"href":106247},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[402,106250,106252],{"id":106251},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[14,106254,106255],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[34,106257,106259],{"className":36,"code":106258,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[18,106260,106261],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106262,106263,106265,106267,106269,106271,106273,106275,106277,106279,106281,106283,106285],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106264,1589],{"class":207},[43,106266,212],{"class":211},[43,106268,99679],{"class":53},[43,106270,797],{"class":63},[43,106272,800],{"class":53},[43,106274,803],{"class":63},[43,106276,18384],{"class":53},[43,106278,3942],{"class":53},[43,106280,2409],{"class":63},[43,106282,800],{"class":53},[43,106284,2789],{"class":63},[43,106286,14027],{"class":53},[402,106288,8773,106290,106292],{"id":106289},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[18,106291,4118],{}," to keep the original order",[14,106294,106295],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[402,106297,37529,106299,9023,106301,2172,106303],{"id":106298},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[18,106300,4118],{},[18,106302,25105],{},[18,106304,9436],{},[14,106306,106307],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[29,106309,60768],{"id":60767},[14,106311,11428],{},[34,106313,106315],{"className":36,"code":106314,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[18,106316,106317,106332,106342,106356],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106318,106319,106321,106323,106325,106327,106330],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106320,50],{"class":49},[43,106322,54],{"class":53},[43,106324,248],{"class":57},[43,106326,54],{"class":53},[43,106328,106329],{"class":236},"my_value",[43,106331,67],{"class":53},[43,106333,106334,106336,106338,106340],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,106335,50],{"class":49},[43,106337,54],{"class":53},[43,106339,106329],{"class":236},[43,106341,227],{"class":53},[43,106343,106344,106346,106348,106350,106352,106354],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,106345,50],{"class":49},[43,106347,54],{"class":53},[43,106349,849],{"class":57},[43,106351,54],{"class":53},[43,106353,15988],{"class":236},[43,106355,67],{"class":53},[43,106357,106358,106360,106362,106364,106366,106368],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,106359,50],{"class":49},[43,106361,54],{"class":53},[43,106363,11477],{"class":49},[43,106365,54],{"class":53},[43,106367,15988],{"class":236},[43,106369,67],{"class":53},[14,106371,106372],{},"What they help you see:",[150,106374,106375,106381,106386,106392],{},[153,106376,106377,106380],{},[18,106378,106379],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[153,106382,106383,90608],{},[18,106384,106385],{},"print(my_value)",[153,106387,106388,106391],{},[18,106389,106390],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[153,106393,106394,106397],{},[18,106395,106396],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[29,106399,2162],{"id":2161},[402,106401,106403],{"id":106402},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[14,106405,106406],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[402,106408,106410],{"id":106409},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[14,106412,133,106413,106415,106416,106418],{},[18,106414,4118],{},". Do not use ",[18,106417,4113],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[402,106420,106422],{"id":106421},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[14,106424,106425],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[402,106427,106429],{"id":106428},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[14,106431,106432],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[14,106434,197],{},[34,106436,106438],{"className":36,"code":106437,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[18,106439,106440],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106441,106442,106444,106446,106448,106450,106452,106454,106456],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106443,50],{"class":49},[43,106445,54],{"class":53},[43,106447,6613],{"class":57},[43,106449,54],{"class":53},[43,106451,82],{"class":81},[43,106453,4401],{"class":85},[43,106455,82],{"class":81},[43,106457,67],{"class":53},[14,106459,30350],{},[34,106461,106463],{"className":36,"code":106462,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[18,106464,106465],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106466,106467,106469,106471,106473,106475,106477,106479,106481,106483,106485,106487,106489,106491,106493,106495,106497,106499],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106468,9594],{"class":53},[43,106470,283],{"class":81},[43,106472,189],{"class":85},[43,106474,283],{"class":81},[43,106476,800],{"class":53},[43,106478,278],{"class":81},[43,106480,14],{"class":85},[43,106482,283],{"class":81},[43,106484,800],{"class":53},[43,106486,278],{"class":81},[43,106488,60514],{"class":85},[43,106490,283],{"class":81},[43,106492,800],{"class":53},[43,106494,278],{"class":81},[43,106496,60505],{"class":85},[43,106498,283],{"class":81},[43,106500,1667],{"class":53},[402,106502,5481,106504,106507],{"id":106503},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[18,106505,106506],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[14,106509,106510,29010,106512,106515],{},[18,106511,4118],{},[913,106513,106514],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[14,106517,106518],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[34,106520,106522],{"className":36,"code":106521,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[18,106523,106524],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106525,106526,106528,106530,106532,106534,106536,106538,106540,106542,106544,106546,106548],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106527,50],{"class":49},[43,106529,54],{"class":53},[43,106531,6613],{"class":57},[43,106533,794],{"class":53},[43,106535,797],{"class":63},[43,106537,800],{"class":53},[43,106539,803],{"class":63},[43,106541,800],{"class":53},[43,106543,808],{"class":63},[43,106545,800],{"class":53},[43,106547,2789],{"class":63},[43,106549,811],{"class":53},[29,106551,2229],{"id":2228},[150,106553,106554,106558,106562,106566,106570],{},[153,106555,106556],{},[189,106557,96390],{"href":96389},[153,106559,106560],{},[189,106561,104554],{"href":96393},[153,106563,106564],{},[189,106565,100406],{"href":105405},[153,106567,106568],{},[189,106569,105112],{"href":64906},[153,106571,106572],{},[189,106573,106248],{"href":106247},[2262,106575,106576],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":106578},[106579,106580,106581,106582,106583,106589,106590,106591,106599,106609,106610,106618],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":104730,"depth":70,"text":104731},{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":105115,"depth":70,"text":105116},{"id":105302,"depth":70,"text":105303,"children":106584},[106585,106586,106587,106588],{"id":105306,"depth":93,"text":105307},{"id":105408,"depth":93,"text":105409},{"id":105492,"depth":93,"text":105493},{"id":105584,"depth":93,"text":105585},{"id":105652,"depth":70,"text":105653},{"id":105866,"depth":70,"text":105867},{"id":105975,"depth":70,"text":105976,"children":106592},[106593,106595,106597],{"id":105982,"depth":93,"text":106594},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106035,"depth":93,"text":106596},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106100,"depth":93,"text":106598},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160,"children":106600},[106601,106602,106604,106605,106607],{"id":99939,"depth":93,"text":100447},{"id":106215,"depth":93,"text":106603},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106251,"depth":93,"text":106252},{"id":106289,"depth":93,"text":106606},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106298,"depth":93,"text":106608},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60767,"depth":70,"text":60768},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":106611},[106612,106613,106614,106615,106616],{"id":106402,"depth":93,"text":106403},{"id":106409,"depth":93,"text":106410},{"id":106421,"depth":93,"text":106422},{"id":106428,"depth":93,"text":106429},{"id":106503,"depth":93,"text":106617},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104612,"description":106619},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106626,"title":106627,"body":106628,"description":108143,"extension":2312,"meta":108144,"navigation":958,"path":108145,"seo":108146,"stem":108147,"__hash__":108148},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106629,"toc":108119},[106630,106636,106641,106644,106727,106732,106737,106742,106744,106757,106761,106763,106782,106785,106808,106811,106822,106824,106905,106907,106924,106926,106932,106935,107030,107032,107063,107065,107073,107075,107078,107189,107191,107216,107218,107240,107245,107250,107256,107365,107367,107383,107386,107389,107472,107474,107491,107499,107501,107505,107511,107602,107604,107637,107642,107649,107726,107728,107745,107751,107753,107757,107773,107776,107802,107804,107865,107867,107990,107992,108043,108049,108051,108056,108058,108064,108067,108071,108074,108078,108081,108091,108093,108116],[10,106631,3894,106633,11638],{"id":106632},"python-setintersection-method",[18,106634,106635],{},"set.intersection()",[14,106637,1073,106638,106640],{},[18,106639,106635],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[14,106642,106643],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[34,106645,106647],{"className":36,"code":106646,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[18,106648,106649,106669,106689,106693,106712,106722],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106650,106651,106653,106655,106657,106659,106661,106663,106665,106667],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106652,1178],{"class":207},[43,106654,212],{"class":211},[43,106656,1649],{"class":53},[43,106658,797],{"class":63},[43,106660,800],{"class":53},[43,106662,803],{"class":63},[43,106664,800],{"class":53},[43,106666,808],{"class":63},[43,106668,1667],{"class":53},[43,106670,106671,106673,106675,106677,106679,106681,106683,106685,106687],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,106672,1192],{"class":207},[43,106674,212],{"class":211},[43,106676,1649],{"class":53},[43,106678,447],{"class":63},[43,106680,800],{"class":53},[43,106682,808],{"class":63},[43,106684,800],{"class":53},[43,106686,2789],{"class":63},[43,106688,1667],{"class":53},[43,106690,106691],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,106692,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,106694,106695,106697,106699,106701,106703,106706,106708,106710],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,106696,1282],{"class":207},[43,106698,212],{"class":211},[43,106700,56944],{"class":207},[43,106702,315],{"class":53},[43,106704,106705],{"class":236},"intersection",[43,106707,54],{"class":53},[43,106709,1231],{"class":236},[43,106711,227],{"class":53},[43,106713,106714,106716,106718,106720],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,106715,50],{"class":49},[43,106717,54],{"class":53},[43,106719,1306],{"class":236},[43,106721,227],{"class":53},[43,106723,106724],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,106725,106726],{"class":3984},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[14,106728,133,106729,106731],{},[18,106730,102853],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[29,106733,13316,106735,13319],{"id":106734},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[18,106736,102853],{},[14,106738,106739,106741],{},[18,106740,102853],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[14,106743,13372],{},[150,106745,106746,106749,106751,106754],{},[153,106747,106748],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[153,106750,100623],{},[153,106752,106753],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[153,106755,106756],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[14,106758,96386,106759,315],{},[189,106760,96390],{"href":96389},[29,106762,290],{"id":289},[34,106764,106766],{"className":36,"code":106765,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[18,106767,106768],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106769,106770,106772,106774,106776,106778,106780],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106771,100647],{"class":207},[43,106773,315],{"class":53},[43,106775,106705],{"class":236},[43,106777,54],{"class":53},[43,106779,100656],{"class":236},[43,106781,227],{"class":53},[14,106783,106784],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[34,106786,106788],{"className":36,"code":106787,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[18,106789,106790],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106791,106792,106794,106796,106798,106800,106802,106804,106806],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106793,100647],{"class":207},[43,106795,315],{"class":53},[43,106797,106705],{"class":236},[43,106799,54],{"class":53},[43,106801,100656],{"class":236},[43,106803,800],{"class":53},[43,106805,100683],{"class":236},[43,106807,227],{"class":53},[14,106809,106810],{},"Important notes:",[150,106812,106813,106816,106819],{},[153,106814,106815],{},"The result is always a new set",[153,106817,106818],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[153,106820,106821],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[14,106823,197],{},[34,106825,106827],{"className":36,"code":106826,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,106828,106829,106853,106873,106877,106895],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106830,106831,106833,106835,106837,106839,106841,106843,106845,106847,106849,106851],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106832,1178],{"class":207},[43,106834,212],{"class":211},[43,106836,1649],{"class":53},[43,106838,797],{"class":63},[43,106840,800],{"class":53},[43,106842,803],{"class":63},[43,106844,800],{"class":53},[43,106846,808],{"class":63},[43,106848,800],{"class":53},[43,106850,2789],{"class":63},[43,106852,1667],{"class":53},[43,106854,106855,106857,106859,106861,106863,106865,106867,106869,106871],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,106856,1192],{"class":207},[43,106858,212],{"class":211},[43,106860,1649],{"class":53},[43,106862,2409],{"class":63},[43,106864,800],{"class":53},[43,106866,2789],{"class":63},[43,106868,800],{"class":53},[43,106870,4929],{"class":63},[43,106872,1667],{"class":53},[43,106874,106875],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,106876,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,106878,106879,106881,106883,106885,106887,106889,106891,106893],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,106880,1282],{"class":207},[43,106882,212],{"class":211},[43,106884,56944],{"class":207},[43,106886,315],{"class":53},[43,106888,106705],{"class":236},[43,106890,54],{"class":53},[43,106892,1231],{"class":236},[43,106894,227],{"class":53},[43,106896,106897,106899,106901,106903],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,106898,50],{"class":49},[43,106900,54],{"class":53},[43,106902,1306],{"class":236},[43,106904,227],{"class":53},[14,106906,110],{},[34,106908,106910],{"className":36,"code":106909,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{3, 4}\n",[18,106911,106912],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106913,106914,106916,106918,106920,106922],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106915,9594],{"class":53},[43,106917,2409],{"class":63},[43,106919,800],{"class":53},[43,106921,2789],{"class":63},[43,106923,1667],{"class":53},[29,106925,903],{"id":902},[14,106927,106928,22298,106930,315],{},[18,106929,102853],{},[913,106931,6613],{},[14,106933,106934],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[34,106936,106938],{"className":36,"code":106937,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,106939,106940,106960,106980,106984,107002,107006,107016],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,106941,106942,106944,106946,106948,106950,106952,106954,106956,106958],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,106943,1178],{"class":207},[43,106945,212],{"class":211},[43,106947,1649],{"class":53},[43,106949,797],{"class":63},[43,106951,800],{"class":53},[43,106953,803],{"class":63},[43,106955,800],{"class":53},[43,106957,808],{"class":63},[43,106959,1667],{"class":53},[43,106961,106962,106964,106966,106968,106970,106972,106974,106976,106978],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,106963,1192],{"class":207},[43,106965,212],{"class":211},[43,106967,1649],{"class":53},[43,106969,447],{"class":63},[43,106971,800],{"class":53},[43,106973,808],{"class":63},[43,106975,800],{"class":53},[43,106977,2789],{"class":63},[43,106979,1667],{"class":53},[43,106981,106982],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,106983,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,106985,106986,106988,106990,106992,106994,106996,106998,107000],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,106987,1282],{"class":207},[43,106989,212],{"class":211},[43,106991,56944],{"class":207},[43,106993,315],{"class":53},[43,106995,106705],{"class":236},[43,106997,54],{"class":53},[43,106999,1231],{"class":236},[43,107001,227],{"class":53},[43,107003,107004],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,107005,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,107007,107008,107010,107012,107014],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,107009,50],{"class":49},[43,107011,54],{"class":53},[43,107013,1306],{"class":236},[43,107015,227],{"class":53},[43,107017,107018,107020,107022,107024,107026,107028],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,107019,50],{"class":49},[43,107021,54],{"class":53},[43,107023,248],{"class":57},[43,107025,54],{"class":53},[43,107027,1306],{"class":236},[43,107029,67],{"class":53},[14,107031,110],{},[34,107033,107035],{"className":36,"code":107034,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,107036,107037,107049],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107038,107039,107041,107043,107045,107047],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,107040,9594],{"class":53},[43,107042,447],{"class":63},[43,107044,800],{"class":53},[43,107046,808],{"class":63},[43,107048,1667],{"class":53},[43,107050,107051,107053,107055,107057,107059,107061],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,107052,271],{"class":211},[43,107054,275],{"class":274},[43,107056,278],{"class":81},[43,107058,6613],{"class":85},[43,107060,283],{"class":81},[43,107062,286],{"class":211},[14,107064,85871],{},[150,107066,107067,107070],{},[153,107068,107069],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[153,107071,107072],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[29,107074,11792],{"id":11791},[14,107076,107077],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[34,107079,107081],{"className":36,"code":107080,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[18,107082,107083,107116,107149,107153,107174,107178],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107084,107085,107088,107090,107092,107094,107096,107098,107100,107102,107104,107106,107108,107110,107112,107114],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,107086,107087],{"class":207},"colors1 ",[43,107089,212],{"class":211},[43,107091,1649],{"class":53},[43,107093,82],{"class":81},[43,107095,13413],{"class":85},[43,107097,82],{"class":81},[43,107099,800],{"class":53},[43,107101,932],{"class":81},[43,107103,13430],{"class":85},[43,107105,82],{"class":81},[43,107107,800],{"class":53},[43,107109,932],{"class":81},[43,107111,17777],{"class":85},[43,107113,82],{"class":81},[43,107115,1667],{"class":53},[43,107117,107118,107121,107123,107125,107127,107129,107131,107133,107135,107137,107139,107141,107143,107145,107147],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,107119,107120],{"class":207},"colors2 ",[43,107122,212],{"class":211},[43,107124,1649],{"class":53},[43,107126,82],{"class":81},[43,107128,17777],{"class":85},[43,107130,82],{"class":81},[43,107132,800],{"class":53},[43,107134,932],{"class":81},[43,107136,22847],{"class":85},[43,107138,82],{"class":81},[43,107140,800],{"class":53},[43,107142,932],{"class":81},[43,107144,13430],{"class":85},[43,107146,82],{"class":81},[43,107148,1667],{"class":53},[43,107150,107151],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,107152,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,107154,107155,107158,107160,107163,107165,107167,107169,107172],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,107156,107157],{"class":207},"common_colors ",[43,107159,212],{"class":211},[43,107161,107162],{"class":207}," colors1",[43,107164,315],{"class":53},[43,107166,106705],{"class":236},[43,107168,54],{"class":53},[43,107170,107171],{"class":236},"colors2",[43,107173,227],{"class":53},[43,107175,107176],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,107177,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,107179,107180,107182,107184,107187],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,107181,50],{"class":49},[43,107183,54],{"class":53},[43,107185,107186],{"class":236},"common_colors",[43,107188,227],{"class":53},[14,107190,110],{},[34,107192,107194],{"className":36,"code":107193,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[18,107195,107196],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107197,107198,107200,107202,107204,107206,107208,107210,107212,107214],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,107199,9594],{"class":53},[43,107201,283],{"class":81},[43,107203,13430],{"class":85},[43,107205,283],{"class":81},[43,107207,800],{"class":53},[43,107209,278],{"class":81},[43,107211,17777],{"class":85},[43,107213,283],{"class":81},[43,107215,1667],{"class":53},[14,107217,12001],{},[150,107219,107220,107226,107230,107235],{},[153,107221,107222,107225],{},[18,107223,107224],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[153,107227,107228,107225],{},[18,107229,107171],{},[153,107231,107232,107234],{},[18,107233,102853],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[153,107236,107237,107238],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[18,107239,107186],{},[29,107241,8738,107243,101220],{"id":107242},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[18,107244,102853],{},[14,107246,107247,107248,315],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[18,107249,102853],{},[14,107251,107252,107253,107255],{},"Only the values found in ",[913,107254,4037],{}," inputs will be kept.",[34,107257,107259],{"className":36,"code":107258,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,107260,107261,107285,107309,107329,107333,107355],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107262,107263,107265,107267,107269,107271,107273,107275,107277,107279,107281,107283],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,107264,1178],{"class":207},[43,107266,212],{"class":211},[43,107268,1649],{"class":53},[43,107270,797],{"class":63},[43,107272,800],{"class":53},[43,107274,803],{"class":63},[43,107276,800],{"class":53},[43,107278,808],{"class":63},[43,107280,800],{"class":53},[43,107282,2789],{"class":63},[43,107284,1667],{"class":53},[43,107286,107287,107289,107291,107293,107295,107297,107299,107301,107303,107305,107307],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,107288,1192],{"class":207},[43,107290,212],{"class":211},[43,107292,1649],{"class":53},[43,107294,447],{"class":63},[43,107296,800],{"class":53},[43,107298,808],{"class":63},[43,107300,800],{"class":53},[43,107302,2789],{"class":63},[43,107304,800],{"class":53},[43,107306,4929],{"class":63},[43,107308,1667],{"class":53},[43,107310,107311,107313,107315,107317,107319,107321,107323,107325,107327],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,107312,83245],{"class":207},[43,107314,212],{"class":211},[43,107316,1649],{"class":53},[43,107318,2409],{"class":63},[43,107320,800],{"class":53},[43,107322,2789],{"class":63},[43,107324,800],{"class":53},[43,107326,37969],{"class":63},[43,107328,1667],{"class":53},[43,107330,107331],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,107332,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,107334,107335,107337,107339,107341,107343,107345,107347,107349,107351,107353],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,107336,1282],{"class":207},[43,107338,212],{"class":211},[43,107340,56944],{"class":207},[43,107342,315],{"class":53},[43,107344,106705],{"class":236},[43,107346,54],{"class":53},[43,107348,1231],{"class":236},[43,107350,800],{"class":53},[43,107352,9997],{"class":236},[43,107354,227],{"class":53},[43,107356,107357,107359,107361,107363],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,107358,50],{"class":49},[43,107360,54],{"class":53},[43,107362,1306],{"class":236},[43,107364,227],{"class":53},[14,107366,110],{},[34,107368,107369],{"className":36,"code":106909,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,107370,107371],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107372,107373,107375,107377,107379,107381],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,107374,9594],{"class":53},[43,107376,2409],{"class":63},[43,107378,800],{"class":53},[43,107380,2789],{"class":63},[43,107382,1667],{"class":53},[14,107384,107385],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[14,107387,107388],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[34,107390,107392],{"className":36,"code":107391,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[18,107393,107394,107418,107422,107462],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107395,107396,107398,107400,107402,107404,107406,107408,107410,107412,107414,107416],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,107397,1178],{"class":207},[43,107399,212],{"class":211},[43,107401,1649],{"class":53},[43,107403,797],{"class":63},[43,107405,800],{"class":53},[43,107407,803],{"class":63},[43,107409,800],{"class":53},[43,107411,808],{"class":63},[43,107413,800],{"class":53},[43,107415,2789],{"class":63},[43,107417,1667],{"class":53},[43,107419,107420],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,107421,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,107423,107424,107426,107428,107430,107432,107434,107436,107438,107440,107442,107444,107446,107448,107450,107452,107454,107456,107458,107460],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,107425,1282],{"class":207},[43,107427,212],{"class":211},[43,107429,56944],{"class":207},[43,107431,315],{"class":53},[43,107433,106705],{"class":236},[43,107435,794],{"class":53},[43,107437,447],{"class":63},[43,107439,800],{"class":53},[43,107441,2789],{"class":63},[43,107443,800],{"class":53},[43,107445,37969],{"class":63},[43,107447,18384],{"class":53},[43,107449,9552],{"class":53},[43,107451,797],{"class":63},[43,107453,800],{"class":53},[43,107455,803],{"class":63},[43,107457,800],{"class":53},[43,107459,2789],{"class":63},[43,107461,67],{"class":53},[43,107463,107464,107466,107468,107470],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,107465,50],{"class":49},[43,107467,54],{"class":53},[43,107469,1306],{"class":236},[43,107471,227],{"class":53},[14,107473,110],{},[34,107475,107477],{"className":36,"code":107476,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{2, 4}\n",[18,107478,107479],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107480,107481,107483,107485,107487,107489],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,107482,9594],{"class":53},[43,107484,447],{"class":63},[43,107486,800],{"class":53},[43,107488,2789],{"class":63},[43,107490,1667],{"class":53},[29,107492,107494,10901,107496],{"id":107493},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[18,107495,102853],{},[18,107497,107498],{},"intersection_update()",[14,107500,101390],{},[402,107502,107503],{"id":106705},[18,107504,102853],{},[150,107506,107507,107509],{},[153,107508,101399],{},[153,107510,101402],{},[34,107512,107514],{"className":36,"code":107513,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[18,107515,107516,107536,107556,107560,107578,107582,107592],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107517,107518,107520,107522,107524,107526,107528,107530,107532,107534],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,107519,1178],{"class":207},[43,107521,212],{"class":211},[43,107523,1649],{"class":53},[43,107525,797],{"class":63},[43,107527,800],{"class":53},[43,107529,803],{"class":63},[43,107531,800],{"class":53},[43,107533,808],{"class":63},[43,107535,1667],{"class":53},[43,107537,107538,107540,107542,107544,107546,107548,107550,107552,107554],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,107539,1192],{"class":207},[43,107541,212],{"class":211},[43,107543,1649],{"class":53},[43,107545,447],{"class":63},[43,107547,800],{"class":53},[43,107549,808],{"class":63},[43,107551,800],{"class":53},[43,107553,2789],{"class":63},[43,107555,1667],{"class":53},[43,107557,107558],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,107559,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,107561,107562,107564,107566,107568,107570,107572,107574,107576],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,107563,1282],{"class":207},[43,107565,212],{"class":211},[43,107567,56944],{"class":207},[43,107569,315],{"class":53},[43,107571,106705],{"class":236},[43,107573,54],{"class":53},[43,107575,1231],{"class":236},[43,107577,227],{"class":53},[43,107579,107580],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,107581,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,107583,107584,107586,107588,107590],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,107585,50],{"class":49},[43,107587,54],{"class":53},[43,107589,189],{"class":236},[43,107591,227],{"class":53},[43,107593,107594,107596,107598,107600],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,107595,50],{"class":49},[43,107597,54],{"class":53},[43,107599,1306],{"class":236},[43,107601,227],{"class":53},[14,107603,110],{},[34,107605,107607],{"className":36,"code":107606,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[18,107608,107609,107625],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107610,107611,107613,107615,107617,107619,107621,107623],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,107612,9594],{"class":53},[43,107614,797],{"class":63},[43,107616,800],{"class":53},[43,107618,803],{"class":63},[43,107620,800],{"class":53},[43,107622,808],{"class":63},[43,107624,1667],{"class":53},[43,107626,107627,107629,107631,107633,107635],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,107628,9594],{"class":53},[43,107630,447],{"class":63},[43,107632,800],{"class":53},[43,107634,808],{"class":63},[43,107636,1667],{"class":53},[402,107638,107640],{"id":107639},"intersection_update",[18,107641,107498],{},[150,107643,107644,107646],{},[153,107645,101542],{},[153,107647,107648],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[34,107650,107652],{"className":36,"code":107651,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[18,107653,107654,107674,107694,107698,107712,107716],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107655,107656,107658,107660,107662,107664,107666,107668,107670,107672],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,107657,1178],{"class":207},[43,107659,212],{"class":211},[43,107661,1649],{"class":53},[43,107663,797],{"class":63},[43,107665,800],{"class":53},[43,107667,803],{"class":63},[43,107669,800],{"class":53},[43,107671,808],{"class":63},[43,107673,1667],{"class":53},[43,107675,107676,107678,107680,107682,107684,107686,107688,107690,107692],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,107677,1192],{"class":207},[43,107679,212],{"class":211},[43,107681,1649],{"class":53},[43,107683,447],{"class":63},[43,107685,800],{"class":53},[43,107687,808],{"class":63},[43,107689,800],{"class":53},[43,107691,2789],{"class":63},[43,107693,1667],{"class":53},[43,107695,107696],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,107697,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,107699,107700,107702,107704,107706,107708,107710],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,107701,189],{"class":207},[43,107703,315],{"class":53},[43,107705,107639],{"class":236},[43,107707,54],{"class":53},[43,107709,1231],{"class":236},[43,107711,227],{"class":53},[43,107713,107714],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,107715,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,107717,107718,107720,107722,107724],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,107719,50],{"class":49},[43,107721,54],{"class":53},[43,107723,189],{"class":236},[43,107725,227],{"class":53},[14,107727,110],{},[34,107729,107731],{"className":36,"code":107730,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{2, 3}\n",[18,107732,107733],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107734,107735,107737,107739,107741,107743],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,107736,9594],{"class":53},[43,107738,447],{"class":63},[43,107740,800],{"class":53},[43,107742,808],{"class":63},[43,107744,1667],{"class":53},[14,107746,107747,107748,107750],{},"Choose ",[18,107749,102853],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[29,107752,4842],{"id":4841},[14,107754,15055,107755,325],{},[18,107756,102853],{},[150,107758,107759,107762,107765,107768],{},[153,107760,107761],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[153,107763,107764],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[153,107766,107767],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[153,107769,107770,107771],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[18,107772,102853],{},[14,107774,107775],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[150,107777,107778,107783,107786,107799],{},[153,107779,8738,107780,107782],{},[18,107781,102853],{}," when order matters",[153,107784,107785],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[153,107787,37529,107788,9023,107790,2172,107795],{},[18,107789,102853],{},[189,107791,107793],{"href":107792},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[18,107794,102861],{},[189,107796,107797],{"href":102902},[18,107798,100476],{},[153,107800,107801],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[14,107803,30456],{},[34,107805,107807],{"className":36,"code":107806,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[18,107808,107809,107819,107833,107851],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107810,107811,107813,107815,107817],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,107812,50],{"class":49},[43,107814,54],{"class":53},[43,107816,15988],{"class":236},[43,107818,227],{"class":53},[43,107820,107821,107823,107825,107827,107829,107831],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,107822,50],{"class":49},[43,107824,54],{"class":53},[43,107826,248],{"class":57},[43,107828,54],{"class":53},[43,107830,1306],{"class":236},[43,107832,67],{"class":53},[43,107834,107835,107837,107839,107841,107843,107845,107847,107849],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,107836,50],{"class":49},[43,107838,54],{"class":53},[43,107840,100647],{"class":236},[43,107842,315],{"class":53},[43,107844,106705],{"class":236},[43,107846,54],{"class":53},[43,107848,100656],{"class":236},[43,107850,67],{"class":53},[43,107852,107853,107855,107857,107859,107861,107863],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,107854,50],{"class":49},[43,107856,54],{"class":53},[43,107858,11477],{"class":49},[43,107860,54],{"class":53},[43,107862,1306],{"class":236},[43,107864,67],{"class":53},[14,107866,197],{},[34,107868,107870],{"className":36,"code":107869,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[18,107871,107872,107896,107916,107920,107938,107942,107952,107962,107976],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107873,107874,107876,107878,107880,107882,107884,107886,107888,107890,107892,107894],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,107875,3937],{"class":207},[43,107877,212],{"class":211},[43,107879,1649],{"class":53},[43,107881,797],{"class":63},[43,107883,800],{"class":53},[43,107885,803],{"class":63},[43,107887,800],{"class":53},[43,107889,803],{"class":63},[43,107891,800],{"class":53},[43,107893,808],{"class":63},[43,107895,1667],{"class":53},[43,107897,107898,107900,107902,107904,107906,107908,107910,107912,107914],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,107899,43601],{"class":207},[43,107901,212],{"class":211},[43,107903,1649],{"class":53},[43,107905,447],{"class":63},[43,107907,800],{"class":53},[43,107909,808],{"class":63},[43,107911,800],{"class":53},[43,107913,2789],{"class":63},[43,107915,1667],{"class":53},[43,107917,107918],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,107919,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,107921,107922,107924,107926,107928,107930,107932,107934,107936],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,107923,1282],{"class":207},[43,107925,212],{"class":211},[43,107927,4586],{"class":207},[43,107929,315],{"class":53},[43,107931,106705],{"class":236},[43,107933,54],{"class":53},[43,107935,31064],{"class":236},[43,107937,227],{"class":53},[43,107939,107940],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,107941,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,107943,107944,107946,107948,107950],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,107945,50],{"class":49},[43,107947,54],{"class":53},[43,107949,3969],{"class":236},[43,107951,227],{"class":53},[43,107953,107954,107956,107958,107960],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,107955,50],{"class":49},[43,107957,54],{"class":53},[43,107959,1306],{"class":236},[43,107961,227],{"class":53},[43,107963,107964,107966,107968,107970,107972,107974],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,107965,50],{"class":49},[43,107967,54],{"class":53},[43,107969,248],{"class":57},[43,107971,54],{"class":53},[43,107973,1306],{"class":236},[43,107975,67],{"class":53},[43,107977,107978,107980,107982,107984,107986,107988],{"class":45,"line":6756},[43,107979,50],{"class":49},[43,107981,54],{"class":53},[43,107983,11477],{"class":49},[43,107985,54],{"class":53},[43,107987,1306],{"class":236},[43,107989,67],{"class":53},[14,107991,110],{},[34,107993,107995],{"className":36,"code":107994,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[18,107996,107997,108013,108025,108039],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,107998,107999,108001,108003,108005,108007,108009,108011],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,108000,9594],{"class":53},[43,108002,797],{"class":63},[43,108004,800],{"class":53},[43,108006,803],{"class":63},[43,108008,800],{"class":53},[43,108010,808],{"class":63},[43,108012,1667],{"class":53},[43,108014,108015,108017,108019,108021,108023],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,108016,9594],{"class":53},[43,108018,447],{"class":63},[43,108020,800],{"class":53},[43,108022,808],{"class":63},[43,108024,1667],{"class":53},[43,108026,108027,108029,108031,108033,108035,108037],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,108028,271],{"class":211},[43,108030,275],{"class":274},[43,108032,278],{"class":81},[43,108034,6613],{"class":85},[43,108036,283],{"class":81},[43,108038,286],{"class":211},[43,108040,108041],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,108042,17379],{"class":63},[14,108044,108045,108046,108048],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[18,108047,447],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[29,108050,2162],{"id":2161},[402,108052,13023,108054,102801],{"id":108053},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[18,108055,102853],{},[14,108057,102804],{},[402,108059,5493,108061,108063],{"id":108060},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[18,108062,102853],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[14,108065,108066],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[402,108068,108070],{"id":108069},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[14,108072,108073],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[402,108075,108077],{"id":108076},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[14,108079,108080],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[34,108082,108083],{"className":36,"code":97520,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,108084,108085],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,108086,108087,108089],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,108088,6613],{"class":57},[43,108090,1728],{"class":53},[29,108092,2229],{"id":2228},[150,108094,108095,108099,108106,108112],{},[153,108096,108097],{},[189,108098,96390],{"href":96389},[153,108100,108101],{},[189,108102,3894,108103,11055],{"href":107792},[18,108104,108105],{},"set.union()",[153,108107,108108],{},[189,108109,3894,108110,11055],{"href":102902},[18,108111,100481],{},[153,108113,108114],{},[189,108115,100406],{"href":105405},[2262,108117,108118],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":108120},[108121,108123,108124,108125,108126,108128,108133,108134,108142],{"id":106734,"depth":70,"text":108122},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":902,"depth":70,"text":903},{"id":11791,"depth":70,"text":11792},{"id":107242,"depth":70,"text":108127},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107493,"depth":70,"text":108129,"children":108130},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108131,108132],{"id":106705,"depth":93,"text":102853},{"id":107639,"depth":93,"text":107498},{"id":4841,"depth":70,"text":4842},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":108135},[108136,108138,108140,108141],{"id":108053,"depth":93,"text":108137},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108060,"depth":93,"text":108139},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108069,"depth":93,"text":108070},{"id":108076,"depth":93,"text":108077},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106627,"description":108143},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108150,"title":108151,"body":108152,"description":109388,"extension":2312,"meta":109389,"navigation":958,"path":109390,"seo":109391,"stem":109392,"__hash__":109393},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108153,"toc":109355},[108154,108159,108165,108174,108176,108251,108256,108271,108281,108286,108290,108303,108307,108309,108324,108326,108342,108344,108419,108423,108426,108428,108445,108450,108505,108510,108522,108526,108529,108630,108632,108673,108676,108680,108687,108689,108714,108717,108735,108742,108748,108751,108833,108840,108843,108923,108932,108935,108940,108944,108958,109007,109012,109016,109027,109076,109087,109092,109096,109108,109157,109168,109170,109174,109197,109199,109256,109258,109272,109274,109280,109286,109292,109301,109305,109312,109316,109324,109326,109352],[10,108155,96262,108157,11638],{"id":108156},"python-set-pop-method",[18,108158,13082],{},[14,108160,108161,108164],{},[18,108162,108163],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[14,108166,108167,108168,108170,108171,108173],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[913,108169,734],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[18,108172,13082],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[29,108175,32],{"id":31},[34,108177,108179],{"className":36,"code":108178,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[18,108180,108181,108213,108227,108231,108241],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,108182,108183,108185,108187,108189,108191,108193,108195,108197,108199,108201,108203,108205,108207,108209,108211],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,108184,8104],{"class":207},[43,108186,212],{"class":211},[43,108188,1649],{"class":53},[43,108190,82],{"class":81},[43,108192,4401],{"class":85},[43,108194,82],{"class":81},[43,108196,800],{"class":53},[43,108198,932],{"class":81},[43,108200,4410],{"class":85},[43,108202,82],{"class":81},[43,108204,800],{"class":53},[43,108206,932],{"class":81},[43,108208,4419],{"class":85},[43,108210,82],{"class":81},[43,108212,1667],{"class":53},[43,108214,108215,108217,108219,108221,108223,108225],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,108216,69993],{"class":207},[43,108218,212],{"class":211},[43,108220,6292],{"class":207},[43,108222,315],{"class":53},[43,108224,26565],{"class":236},[43,108226,1728],{"class":53},[43,108228,108229],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,108230,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,108232,108233,108235,108237,108239],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,108234,50],{"class":49},[43,108236,54],{"class":53},[43,108238,70016],{"class":236},[43,108240,227],{"class":53},[43,108242,108243,108245,108247,108249],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,108244,50],{"class":49},[43,108246,54],{"class":53},[43,108248,8135],{"class":236},[43,108250,227],{"class":53},[14,108252,108253],{},[913,108254,108255],{},"What this does:",[150,108257,108258,108263,108268],{},[153,108259,108260,108261],{},"Removes one item from ",[18,108262,8135],{},[153,108264,108265,108266],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[18,108267,70016],{},[153,108269,108270],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[14,108272,108273,89022,108275,108277,108278,108280],{},[913,108274,83880],{},[18,108276,108163],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[913,108279,734],{}," chosen by index.",[29,108282,3998,108284,4001],{"id":108283},"what-setpop-does",[18,108285,108163],{},[14,108287,108288,325],{},[18,108289,108163],{},[150,108291,108292,108294,108297,108300],{},[153,108293,103104],{},[153,108295,108296],{},"Returns the removed item",[153,108298,108299],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[153,108301,108302],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[14,108304,96386,108305,315],{},[189,108306,96390],{"href":97561},[29,108308,290],{"id":289},[34,108310,108312],{"className":36,"code":108311,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set.pop()\n",[18,108313,108314],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,108315,108316,108318,108320,108322],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,108317,15988],{"class":207},[43,108319,315],{"class":53},[43,108321,26565],{"class":236},[43,108323,1728],{"class":53},[14,108325,13372],{},[150,108327,108328,108334,108339],{},[153,108329,108330,108331],{},"The syntax is ",[18,108332,108333],{},"my_set.pop()",[153,108335,108336,108337],{},"It takes ",[913,108338,29013],{},[153,108340,108341],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[14,108343,197],{},[34,108345,108347],{"className":36,"code":108346,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[18,108348,108349,108381,108395,108399,108409],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,108350,108351,108353,108355,108357,108359,108361,108363,108365,108367,108369,108371,108373,108375,108377,108379],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,108352,13396],{"class":207},[43,108354,212],{"class":211},[43,108356,1649],{"class":53},[43,108358,82],{"class":81},[43,108360,13413],{"class":85},[43,108362,82],{"class":81},[43,108364,800],{"class":53},[43,108366,932],{"class":81},[43,108368,13430],{"class":85},[43,108370,82],{"class":81},[43,108372,800],{"class":53},[43,108374,932],{"class":81},[43,108376,17777],{"class":85},[43,108378,82],{"class":81},[43,108380,1667],{"class":53},[43,108382,108383,108385,108387,108389,108391,108393],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,108384,28863],{"class":207},[43,108386,212],{"class":211},[43,108388,13444],{"class":207},[43,108390,315],{"class":53},[43,108392,26565],{"class":236},[43,108394,1728],{"class":53},[43,108396,108397],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,108398,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,108400,108401,108403,108405,108407],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,108402,50],{"class":49},[43,108404,54],{"class":53},[43,108406,23634],{"class":236},[43,108408,227],{"class":53},[43,108410,108411,108413,108415,108417],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,108412,50],{"class":49},[43,108414,54],{"class":53},[43,108416,17824],{"class":236},[43,108418,227],{"class":53},[29,108420,108422],{"id":108421},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[14,108424,108425],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[14,108427,2453],{},[150,108429,108430,108436,108439],{},[153,108431,108432,108433,108435],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[18,108434,13082],{}," removes",[153,108437,108438],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[153,108440,108441,108442,108444],{},"You should not use ",[18,108443,13082],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[14,108446,10777,108447,108449],{},[913,108448,734],{}," valid:",[34,108451,108453],{"className":36,"code":108452,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[18,108454,108455,108487],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,108456,108457,108459,108461,108463,108465,108467,108469,108471,108473,108475,108477,108479,108481,108483,108485],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,108458,36563],{"class":207},[43,108460,212],{"class":211},[43,108462,1649],{"class":53},[43,108464,82],{"class":81},[43,108466,4401],{"class":85},[43,108468,82],{"class":81},[43,108470,800],{"class":53},[43,108472,932],{"class":81},[43,108474,4410],{"class":85},[43,108476,82],{"class":81},[43,108478,800],{"class":53},[43,108480,932],{"class":81},[43,108482,4419],{"class":85},[43,108484,82],{"class":81},[43,108486,1667],{"class":53},[43,108488,108489,108491,108493,108495,108497,108499,108501,108503],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,108490,36615],{"class":207},[43,108492,315],{"class":53},[43,108494,26565],{"class":236},[43,108496,54],{"class":53},[43,108498,82],{"class":81},[43,108500,4401],{"class":85},[43,108502,82],{"class":81},[43,108504,227],{"class":53},[14,108506,39980,108507,108509],{},[18,108508,108163],{}," does not accept a value.",[14,108511,108512,108513,2172,108517,315],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[189,108514,108515],{"href":98271},[18,108516,102930],{},[189,108518,108520],{"href":108519},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[18,108521,102921],{},[29,108523,108525],{"id":108524},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[14,108527,108528],{},"Here is a simple example:",[34,108530,108532],{"className":36,"code":108531,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[18,108533,108534,108568,108572,108588,108592,108611],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,108535,108536,108539,108541,108543,108545,108547,108549,108551,108553,108555,108557,108559,108561,108564,108566],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,108537,108538],{"class":207},"animals ",[43,108540,212],{"class":211},[43,108542,1649],{"class":53},[43,108544,82],{"class":81},[43,108546,37372],{"class":85},[43,108548,82],{"class":81},[43,108550,800],{"class":53},[43,108552,932],{"class":81},[43,108554,58184],{"class":85},[43,108556,82],{"class":81},[43,108558,800],{"class":53},[43,108560,932],{"class":81},[43,108562,108563],{"class":85},"rabbit",[43,108565,82],{"class":81},[43,108567,1667],{"class":53},[43,108569,108570],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,108571,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,108573,108574,108577,108579,108582,108584,108586],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,108575,108576],{"class":207},"removed_animal ",[43,108578,212],{"class":211},[43,108580,108581],{"class":207}," animals",[43,108583,315],{"class":53},[43,108585,26565],{"class":236},[43,108587,1728],{"class":53},[43,108589,108590],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,108591,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,108593,108594,108596,108598,108600,108602,108604,108606,108609],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,108595,50],{"class":49},[43,108597,54],{"class":53},[43,108599,82],{"class":81},[43,108601,29281],{"class":85},[43,108603,82],{"class":81},[43,108605,800],{"class":53},[43,108607,108608],{"class":236}," removed_animal",[43,108610,227],{"class":53},[43,108612,108613,108615,108617,108619,108622,108624,108626,108628],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,108614,50],{"class":49},[43,108616,54],{"class":53},[43,108618,82],{"class":81},[43,108620,108621],{"class":85},"Updated set:",[43,108623,82],{"class":81},[43,108625,800],{"class":53},[43,108627,108581],{"class":236},[43,108629,227],{"class":53},[14,108631,30350],{},[34,108633,108635],{"className":36,"code":108634,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[18,108636,108637,108646],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,108638,108639,108641,108643],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,108640,29323],{"class":207},[43,108642,325],{"class":53},[43,108644,108645],{"class":207}," dog\n",[43,108647,108648,108651,108653,108655,108657,108659,108661,108663,108665,108667,108669,108671],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,108649,108650],{"class":207},"Updated ",[43,108652,6613],{"class":57},[43,108654,325],{"class":53},[43,108656,1649],{"class":53},[43,108658,283],{"class":81},[43,108660,37372],{"class":85},[43,108662,283],{"class":81},[43,108664,800],{"class":53},[43,108666,278],{"class":81},[43,108668,108563],{"class":85},[43,108670,283],{"class":81},[43,108672,1667],{"class":53},[14,108674,108675],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[29,108677,108679],{"id":108678},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[14,108681,29974,108682,108684,108685,315],{},[18,108683,13082],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[18,108686,20010],{},[14,108688,197],{},[34,108690,108692],{"className":36,"code":108691,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[18,108693,108694,108704],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,108695,108696,108698,108700,108702],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,108697,8104],{"class":207},[43,108699,212],{"class":211},[43,108701,15955],{"class":57},[43,108703,1728],{"class":53},[43,108705,108706,108708,108710,108712],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,108707,8135],{"class":207},[43,108709,315],{"class":53},[43,108711,26565],{"class":236},[43,108713,1728],{"class":53},[14,108715,108716],{},"This raises:",[34,108718,108720],{"className":36,"code":108719,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[18,108721,108722],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,108723,108724,108726,108728,108730,108733],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,108725,20010],{"class":57},[43,108727,325],{"class":53},[43,108729,278],{"class":81},[43,108731,108732],{"class":85},"pop from an empty set",[43,108734,748],{"class":81},[14,108736,108737,108738,108741],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[189,108739,108740],{"href":11389},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[402,108743,108745,108746],{"id":108744},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[18,108747,13082],{},[14,108749,108750],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[34,108752,108754],{"className":36,"code":108753,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[18,108755,108756,108766,108770,108778,108793,108812,108818],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,108757,108758,108760,108762,108764],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,108759,8104],{"class":207},[43,108761,212],{"class":211},[43,108763,15955],{"class":57},[43,108765,1728],{"class":53},[43,108767,108768],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,108769,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,108771,108772,108774,108776],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,108773,7323],{"class":1927},[43,108775,6292],{"class":207},[43,108777,1931],{"class":53},[43,108779,108780,108783,108785,108787,108789,108791],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,108781,108782],{"class":207},"    removed ",[43,108784,212],{"class":211},[43,108786,6292],{"class":207},[43,108788,315],{"class":53},[43,108790,26565],{"class":236},[43,108792,1728],{"class":53},[43,108794,108795,108797,108799,108801,108803,108805,108807,108810],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,108796,1951],{"class":49},[43,108798,54],{"class":53},[43,108800,82],{"class":81},[43,108802,29281],{"class":85},[43,108804,82],{"class":81},[43,108806,800],{"class":53},[43,108808,108809],{"class":236}," removed",[43,108811,227],{"class":53},[43,108813,108814,108816],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,108815,27758],{"class":1927},[43,108817,1931],{"class":53},[43,108819,108820,108822,108824,108826,108829,108831],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,108821,1951],{"class":49},[43,108823,54],{"class":53},[43,108825,82],{"class":81},[43,108827,108828],{"class":85},"The set is empty.",[43,108830,82],{"class":81},[43,108832,227],{"class":53},[402,108834,133,108836,895,108838],{"id":108835},"use-try-and-except",[18,108837,1928],{},[18,108839,1972],{},[14,108841,108842],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[34,108844,108846],{"className":36,"code":108845,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[18,108847,108848,108858,108862,108868,108882,108900,108908],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,108849,108850,108852,108854,108856],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,108851,8104],{"class":207},[43,108853,212],{"class":211},[43,108855,15955],{"class":57},[43,108857,1728],{"class":53},[43,108859,108860],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,108861,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,108863,108864,108866],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,108865,1928],{"class":1927},[43,108867,1931],{"class":53},[43,108869,108870,108872,108874,108876,108878,108880],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,108871,108782],{"class":207},[43,108873,212],{"class":211},[43,108875,6292],{"class":207},[43,108877,315],{"class":53},[43,108879,26565],{"class":236},[43,108881,1728],{"class":53},[43,108883,108884,108886,108888,108890,108892,108894,108896,108898],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,108885,1951],{"class":49},[43,108887,54],{"class":53},[43,108889,82],{"class":81},[43,108891,29281],{"class":85},[43,108893,82],{"class":81},[43,108895,800],{"class":53},[43,108897,108809],{"class":236},[43,108899,227],{"class":53},[43,108901,108902,108904,108906],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,108903,1972],{"class":1927},[43,108905,30158],{"class":57},[43,108907,1931],{"class":53},[43,108909,108910,108912,108914,108916,108919,108921],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,108911,1951],{"class":49},[43,108913,54],{"class":53},[43,108915,82],{"class":81},[43,108917,108918],{"class":85},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[43,108920,82],{"class":81},[43,108922,227],{"class":53},[29,108924,5284,108926,10901,108928,10901,108930],{"id":108925},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[18,108927,13082],{},[18,108929,55585],{},[18,108931,102916],{},[14,108933,108934],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[402,108936,133,108938],{"id":108937},"use-pop",[18,108939,13082],{},[14,108941,133,108942,10916],{},[18,108943,13082],{},[150,108945,108946,108952,108955],{},[153,108947,108948,108949],{},"You want to remove ",[913,108950,108951],{},"any one item",[153,108953,108954],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[153,108956,108957],{},"You want the removed item returned",[34,108959,108961],{"className":36,"code":108960,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[18,108962,108963,108983,108997],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,108964,108965,108967,108969,108971,108973,108975,108977,108979,108981],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,108966,3937],{"class":207},[43,108968,212],{"class":211},[43,108970,1649],{"class":53},[43,108972,797],{"class":63},[43,108974,800],{"class":53},[43,108976,803],{"class":63},[43,108978,800],{"class":53},[43,108980,808],{"class":63},[43,108982,1667],{"class":53},[43,108984,108985,108987,108989,108991,108993,108995],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,108986,1589],{"class":207},[43,108988,212],{"class":211},[43,108990,4586],{"class":207},[43,108992,315],{"class":53},[43,108994,26565],{"class":236},[43,108996,1728],{"class":53},[43,108998,108999,109001,109003,109005],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,109000,50],{"class":49},[43,109002,54],{"class":53},[43,109004,307],{"class":236},[43,109006,227],{"class":53},[402,109008,133,109010],{"id":109009},"use-remove",[18,109011,55585],{},[14,109013,133,109014,10916],{},[18,109015,55585],{},[150,109017,109018,109024],{},[153,109019,109020,109021],{},"You want to delete a ",[913,109022,109023],{},"specific item",[153,109025,109026],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[34,109028,109030],{"className":36,"code":109029,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,109031,109032,109052,109066],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109033,109034,109036,109038,109040,109042,109044,109046,109048,109050],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109035,3937],{"class":207},[43,109037,212],{"class":211},[43,109039,1649],{"class":53},[43,109041,797],{"class":63},[43,109043,800],{"class":53},[43,109045,803],{"class":63},[43,109047,800],{"class":53},[43,109049,808],{"class":63},[43,109051,1667],{"class":53},[43,109053,109054,109056,109058,109060,109062,109064],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,109055,3969],{"class":207},[43,109057,315],{"class":53},[43,109059,35116],{"class":236},[43,109061,54],{"class":53},[43,109063,447],{"class":63},[43,109065,227],{"class":53},[43,109067,109068,109070,109072,109074],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,109069,50],{"class":49},[43,109071,54],{"class":53},[43,109073,3969],{"class":236},[43,109075,227],{"class":53},[14,109077,109078,109079,109081,109082,109086],{},"If the item is missing, ",[18,109080,55585],{}," raises an error. See the ",[189,109083,109084,11055],{"href":98271},[18,109085,102930],{}," for details.",[402,109088,133,109090],{"id":109089},"use-discard",[18,109091,102916],{},[14,109093,133,109094,10916],{},[18,109095,102916],{},[150,109097,109098,109102],{},[153,109099,109020,109100],{},[913,109101,109023],{},[153,109103,109104,109105,109107],{},"You do ",[913,109106,734],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[34,109109,109111],{"className":36,"code":109110,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,109112,109113,109133,109147],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109114,109115,109117,109119,109121,109123,109125,109127,109129,109131],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109116,3937],{"class":207},[43,109118,212],{"class":211},[43,109120,1649],{"class":53},[43,109122,797],{"class":63},[43,109124,800],{"class":53},[43,109126,803],{"class":63},[43,109128,800],{"class":53},[43,109130,808],{"class":63},[43,109132,1667],{"class":53},[43,109134,109135,109137,109139,109141,109143,109145],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,109136,3969],{"class":207},[43,109138,315],{"class":53},[43,109140,102983],{"class":236},[43,109142,54],{"class":53},[43,109144,64],{"class":63},[43,109146,227],{"class":53},[43,109148,109149,109151,109153,109155],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,109150,50],{"class":49},[43,109152,54],{"class":53},[43,109154,3969],{"class":236},[43,109156,227],{"class":53},[14,109158,109159,109160,109162,109163,109167],{},"This does nothing if ",[18,109161,64],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[189,109164,109165,11055],{"href":108519},[18,109166,102921],{}," for more examples.",[29,109169,3160],{"id":3159},[14,109171,71539,109172,325],{},[18,109173,108163],{},[150,109175,109176,109182,109187,109192],{},[153,109177,109178,109179],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[18,109180,109181],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[153,109183,8773,109184,109186],{},[18,109185,13082],{}," to remove the first or last item",[153,109188,29974,109189,109191],{},[18,109190,13082],{}," on an empty set",[153,109193,8738,109194,109196],{},[18,109195,13082],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[14,109198,62353],{},[34,109200,109202],{"className":36,"code":109201,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[18,109203,109204,109214,109228,109242],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109205,109206,109208,109210,109212],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109207,50],{"class":49},[43,109209,54],{"class":53},[43,109211,15988],{"class":236},[43,109213,227],{"class":53},[43,109215,109216,109218,109220,109222,109224,109226],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,109217,50],{"class":49},[43,109219,54],{"class":53},[43,109221,11477],{"class":49},[43,109223,54],{"class":53},[43,109225,15988],{"class":236},[43,109227,67],{"class":53},[43,109229,109230,109232,109234,109236,109238,109240],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,109231,50],{"class":49},[43,109233,54],{"class":53},[43,109235,248],{"class":57},[43,109237,54],{"class":53},[43,109239,15988],{"class":236},[43,109241,67],{"class":53},[43,109243,109244,109246,109248,109250,109252,109254],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,109245,28863],{"class":207},[43,109247,212],{"class":211},[43,109249,96986],{"class":207},[43,109251,315],{"class":53},[43,109253,26565],{"class":236},[43,109255,1728],{"class":53},[14,109257,26332],{},[150,109259,109260,109263,109266,109269],{},[153,109261,109262],{},"What values are in the set",[153,109264,109265],{},"Whether the set is empty",[153,109267,109268],{},"That the object is really a set",[153,109270,109271],{},"What value was actually removed",[29,109273,2162],{"id":2161},[402,109275,13023,109277,109279],{"id":109276},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[18,109278,108163],{}," remove the first item?",[14,109281,109282,109283,109285],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[18,109284,13082],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[402,109287,109289,109290,2822],{"id":109288},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[18,109291,108163],{},[14,109293,109294,109295,109297,109298,109300],{},"No. Unlike list ",[18,109296,13082],{},", set ",[18,109299,13082],{}," does not accept an index.",[402,109302,109304],{"id":109303},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[14,109306,71708,109307,44682,109309,109311],{},[18,109308,20010],{},[18,109310,13082],{}," is called on an empty set.",[402,109313,109315],{"id":109314},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[14,109317,133,109318,2172,109320,11407,109322,315],{},[18,109319,55585],{},[18,109321,102916],{},[18,109323,13082],{},[29,109325,2229],{"id":2228},[150,109327,109328,109332,109338,109344,109348],{},[153,109329,109330],{},[189,109331,96390],{"href":97561},[153,109333,109334],{},[189,109335,96876,109336,11055],{"href":98271},[18,109337,55585],{},[153,109339,109340],{},[189,109341,96876,109342,11055],{"href":108519},[18,109343,102916],{},[153,109345,109346],{},[189,109347,11578],{"href":11389},[153,109349,109350],{},[189,109351,55571],{"href":55123},[2262,109353,109354],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":109356},[109357,109358,109360,109361,109362,109363,109369,109378,109379,109387],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":108283,"depth":70,"text":109359},"What set.pop() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":108421,"depth":70,"text":108422},{"id":108524,"depth":70,"text":108525},{"id":108678,"depth":70,"text":108679,"children":109364},[109365,109367],{"id":108744,"depth":93,"text":109366},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108835,"depth":93,"text":109368},"Use try and except",{"id":108925,"depth":70,"text":109370,"children":109371},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109372,109374,109376],{"id":108937,"depth":93,"text":109373},"Use pop()",{"id":109009,"depth":93,"text":109375},"Use remove()",{"id":109089,"depth":93,"text":109377},"Use discard()",{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":109380},[109381,109383,109385,109386],{"id":109276,"depth":93,"text":109382},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109288,"depth":93,"text":109384},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109303,"depth":93,"text":109304},{"id":109314,"depth":93,"text":109315},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108151,"description":109388},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109395,"title":109396,"body":109397,"description":110551,"extension":2312,"meta":110552,"navigation":958,"path":110553,"seo":110554,"stem":110555,"__hash__":110556},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109398,"toc":110519},[109399,109404,109409,109418,109420,109485,109489,109513,109520,109525,109529,109544,109547,109549,109568,109582,109585,109633,109637,109653,109655,109728,109732,109757,109763,109771,109775,109782,109837,109842,109859,109865,109871,109876,109884,109891,109895,109903,109958,109960,109977,109981,109988,110053,110057,110090,110092,110104,110111,110113,110118,110125,110127,110196,110200,110208,110210,110274,110278,110283,110330,110335,110403,110411,110418,110421,110427,110432,110436,110438,110441,110443,110448,110453,110459,110464,110471,110479,110485,110488,110490,110516],[10,109400,96262,109402,11638],{"id":109401},"python-set-remove-method",[18,109403,55585],{},[14,109405,109406,109408],{},[18,109407,102930],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[14,109410,109411,109412,109415,109416,315],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[913,109413,109414],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[18,109417,20010],{},[29,109419,32],{"id":31},[34,109421,109423],{"className":36,"code":109422,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,109424,109425,109457,109475],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109426,109427,109429,109431,109433,109435,109437,109439,109441,109443,109445,109447,109449,109451,109453,109455],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109428,13396],{"class":207},[43,109430,212],{"class":211},[43,109432,1649],{"class":53},[43,109434,82],{"class":81},[43,109436,13413],{"class":85},[43,109438,82],{"class":81},[43,109440,800],{"class":53},[43,109442,932],{"class":81},[43,109444,13430],{"class":85},[43,109446,82],{"class":81},[43,109448,800],{"class":53},[43,109450,932],{"class":81},[43,109452,17777],{"class":85},[43,109454,82],{"class":81},[43,109456,1667],{"class":53},[43,109458,109459,109461,109463,109465,109467,109469,109471,109473],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,109460,17824],{"class":207},[43,109462,315],{"class":53},[43,109464,35116],{"class":236},[43,109466,54],{"class":53},[43,109468,82],{"class":81},[43,109470,13430],{"class":85},[43,109472,82],{"class":81},[43,109474,227],{"class":53},[43,109476,109477,109479,109481,109483],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,109478,50],{"class":49},[43,109480,54],{"class":53},[43,109482,17824],{"class":236},[43,109484,227],{"class":53},[14,109486,109487],{},[913,109488,30350],{},[34,109490,109491],{"className":36,"code":103610,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,109492,109493],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109494,109495,109497,109499,109501,109503,109505,109507,109509,109511],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109496,9594],{"class":53},[43,109498,283],{"class":81},[43,109500,13413],{"class":85},[43,109502,283],{"class":81},[43,109504,800],{"class":53},[43,109506,278],{"class":81},[43,109508,17777],{"class":85},[43,109510,283],{"class":81},[43,109512,1667],{"class":53},[14,109514,133,109515,109517,109518,315],{},[18,109516,55585],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[18,109519,20010],{},[29,109521,3998,109523,4001],{"id":109522},"what-setremove-does",[18,109524,102930],{},[14,109526,109527,325],{},[18,109528,102930],{},[150,109530,109531,109534,109536,109538],{},[153,109532,109533],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[153,109535,96377],{},[153,109537,96380],{},[153,109539,109540,109541,109543],{},"Raises ",[18,109542,20010],{}," if the value is missing",[14,109545,109546],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[29,109548,290],{"id":289},[34,109550,109552],{"className":36,"code":109551,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[18,109553,109554],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109555,109556,109558,109560,109562,109564,109566],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109557,15988],{"class":207},[43,109559,315],{"class":53},[43,109561,35116],{"class":236},[43,109563,54],{"class":53},[43,109565,307],{"class":236},[43,109567,227],{"class":53},[150,109569,109570,109574,109579],{},[153,109571,109572,103152],{},[18,109573,15988],{},[153,109575,109576,109578],{},[18,109577,307],{}," is the item to remove",[153,109580,109581],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[14,109583,109584],{},"Here is a small example:",[34,109586,109587],{"className":36,"code":109029,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,109588,109589,109609,109623],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109590,109591,109593,109595,109597,109599,109601,109603,109605,109607],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109592,3937],{"class":207},[43,109594,212],{"class":211},[43,109596,1649],{"class":53},[43,109598,797],{"class":63},[43,109600,800],{"class":53},[43,109602,803],{"class":63},[43,109604,800],{"class":53},[43,109606,808],{"class":63},[43,109608,1667],{"class":53},[43,109610,109611,109613,109615,109617,109619,109621],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,109612,3969],{"class":207},[43,109614,315],{"class":53},[43,109616,35116],{"class":236},[43,109618,54],{"class":53},[43,109620,447],{"class":63},[43,109622,227],{"class":53},[43,109624,109625,109627,109629,109631],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,109626,50],{"class":49},[43,109628,54],{"class":53},[43,109630,3969],{"class":236},[43,109632,227],{"class":53},[14,109634,109635],{},[913,109636,30350],{},[34,109638,109639],{"className":36,"code":101360,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,109640,109641],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109642,109643,109645,109647,109649,109651],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109644,9594],{"class":53},[43,109646,797],{"class":63},[43,109648,800],{"class":53},[43,109650,808],{"class":63},[43,109652,1667],{"class":53},[29,109654,11792],{"id":11791},[34,109656,109658],{"className":36,"code":109657,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,109659,109660,109692,109696,109714,109718],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109661,109662,109664,109666,109668,109670,109672,109674,109676,109678,109680,109682,109684,109686,109688,109690],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109663,36563],{"class":207},[43,109665,212],{"class":211},[43,109667,1649],{"class":53},[43,109669,82],{"class":81},[43,109671,4401],{"class":85},[43,109673,82],{"class":81},[43,109675,800],{"class":53},[43,109677,932],{"class":81},[43,109679,4410],{"class":85},[43,109681,82],{"class":81},[43,109683,800],{"class":53},[43,109685,932],{"class":81},[43,109687,33543],{"class":85},[43,109689,82],{"class":81},[43,109691,1667],{"class":53},[43,109693,109694],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,109695,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,109697,109698,109700,109702,109704,109706,109708,109710,109712],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,109699,36615],{"class":207},[43,109701,315],{"class":53},[43,109703,35116],{"class":236},[43,109705,54],{"class":53},[43,109707,82],{"class":81},[43,109709,4410],{"class":85},[43,109711,82],{"class":81},[43,109713,227],{"class":53},[43,109715,109716],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,109717,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,109719,109720,109722,109724,109726],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,109721,50],{"class":49},[43,109723,54],{"class":53},[43,109725,36615],{"class":236},[43,109727,227],{"class":53},[14,109729,109730],{},[913,109731,30350],{},[34,109733,109735],{"className":36,"code":109734,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,109736,109737],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109738,109739,109741,109743,109745,109747,109749,109751,109753,109755],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109740,9594],{"class":53},[43,109742,283],{"class":81},[43,109744,4401],{"class":85},[43,109746,283],{"class":81},[43,109748,800],{"class":53},[43,109750,278],{"class":81},[43,109752,33543],{"class":85},[43,109754,283],{"class":81},[43,109756,1667],{"class":53},[14,109758,109759,109760,109762],{},"This removes ",[18,109761,65333],{}," from the set.",[14,109764,109765,109766,109768,109769,315],{},"A set does ",[913,109767,734],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[189,109770,96394],{"href":97945},[29,109772,109774],{"id":109773},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[14,109776,109777,109778,52550,109780,315],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[18,109779,55585],{},[18,109781,20010],{},[34,109783,109785],{"className":36,"code":109784,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[18,109786,109787,109819],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109788,109789,109791,109793,109795,109797,109799,109801,109803,109805,109807,109809,109811,109813,109815,109817],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109790,13396],{"class":207},[43,109792,212],{"class":211},[43,109794,1649],{"class":53},[43,109796,82],{"class":81},[43,109798,13413],{"class":85},[43,109800,82],{"class":81},[43,109802,800],{"class":53},[43,109804,932],{"class":81},[43,109806,13430],{"class":85},[43,109808,82],{"class":81},[43,109810,800],{"class":53},[43,109812,932],{"class":81},[43,109814,17777],{"class":85},[43,109816,82],{"class":81},[43,109818,1667],{"class":53},[43,109820,109821,109823,109825,109827,109829,109831,109833,109835],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,109822,17824],{"class":207},[43,109824,315],{"class":53},[43,109826,35116],{"class":236},[43,109828,54],{"class":53},[43,109830,82],{"class":81},[43,109832,22847],{"class":85},[43,109834,82],{"class":81},[43,109836,227],{"class":53},[14,109838,109839],{},[913,109840,109841],{},"Result:",[34,109843,109845],{"className":36,"code":109844,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[18,109846,109847],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109848,109849,109851,109853,109855,109857],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109850,20010],{"class":57},[43,109852,325],{"class":53},[43,109854,278],{"class":81},[43,109856,22847],{"class":85},[43,109858,748],{"class":81},[14,109860,22512,109861,109864],{},[18,109862,109863],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[14,109866,109867,109868,109870],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[18,109869,55585],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[14,109872,109873,109874,315],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[189,109875,11578],{"href":11389},[29,109877,4521,109879,109881,109882],{"id":109878},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[18,109880,55585],{}," is different from ",[18,109883,102916],{},[14,109885,109886,895,109888,109890],{},[18,109887,55585],{},[18,109889,102916],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[402,109892,109893],{"id":35116},[18,109894,55585],{},[150,109896,109897,109900],{},[153,109898,109899],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[153,109901,109902],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[34,109904,109906],{"className":36,"code":109905,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[18,109907,109908,109940],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109909,109910,109912,109914,109916,109918,109920,109922,109924,109926,109928,109930,109932,109934,109936,109938],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109911,36414],{"class":207},[43,109913,212],{"class":211},[43,109915,1649],{"class":53},[43,109917,82],{"class":81},[43,109919,189],{"class":85},[43,109921,82],{"class":81},[43,109923,800],{"class":53},[43,109925,932],{"class":81},[43,109927,1231],{"class":85},[43,109929,82],{"class":81},[43,109931,800],{"class":53},[43,109933,932],{"class":81},[43,109935,10055],{"class":85},[43,109937,82],{"class":81},[43,109939,1667],{"class":53},[43,109941,109942,109944,109946,109948,109950,109952,109954,109956],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,109943,36467],{"class":207},[43,109945,315],{"class":53},[43,109947,35116],{"class":236},[43,109949,54],{"class":53},[43,109951,82],{"class":81},[43,109953,19090],{"class":85},[43,109955,82],{"class":81},[43,109957,227],{"class":53},[14,109959,108716],{},[34,109961,109963],{"className":36,"code":109962,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[18,109964,109965],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109966,109967,109969,109971,109973,109975],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109968,20010],{"class":57},[43,109970,325],{"class":53},[43,109972,278],{"class":81},[43,109974,19090],{"class":85},[43,109976,748],{"class":81},[402,109978,109979],{"id":102983},[18,109980,102916],{},[150,109982,109983,109985],{},[153,109984,109899],{},[153,109986,109987],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[34,109989,109991],{"className":36,"code":109990,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,109992,109993,110025,110043],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,109994,109995,109997,109999,110001,110003,110005,110007,110009,110011,110013,110015,110017,110019,110021,110023],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,109996,36414],{"class":207},[43,109998,212],{"class":211},[43,110000,1649],{"class":53},[43,110002,82],{"class":81},[43,110004,189],{"class":85},[43,110006,82],{"class":81},[43,110008,800],{"class":53},[43,110010,932],{"class":81},[43,110012,1231],{"class":85},[43,110014,82],{"class":81},[43,110016,800],{"class":53},[43,110018,932],{"class":81},[43,110020,10055],{"class":85},[43,110022,82],{"class":81},[43,110024,1667],{"class":53},[43,110026,110027,110029,110031,110033,110035,110037,110039,110041],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,110028,36467],{"class":207},[43,110030,315],{"class":53},[43,110032,102983],{"class":236},[43,110034,54],{"class":53},[43,110036,82],{"class":81},[43,110038,19090],{"class":85},[43,110040,82],{"class":81},[43,110042,227],{"class":53},[43,110044,110045,110047,110049,110051],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,110046,50],{"class":49},[43,110048,54],{"class":53},[43,110050,36467],{"class":236},[43,110052,227],{"class":53},[14,110054,110055],{},[913,110056,110],{},[34,110058,110060],{"className":36,"code":110059,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[18,110061,110062],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,110063,110064,110066,110068,110070,110072,110074,110076,110078,110080,110082,110084,110086,110088],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,110065,9594],{"class":53},[43,110067,283],{"class":81},[43,110069,189],{"class":85},[43,110071,283],{"class":81},[43,110073,800],{"class":53},[43,110075,278],{"class":81},[43,110077,1231],{"class":85},[43,110079,283],{"class":81},[43,110081,800],{"class":53},[43,110083,278],{"class":81},[43,110085,10055],{"class":85},[43,110087,283],{"class":81},[43,110089,1667],{"class":53},[14,110091,19017],{},[150,110093,110094,110099],{},[153,110095,110096,110098],{},[18,110097,55585],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[153,110100,110101,110103],{},[18,110102,102916],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[14,110105,110106,110107,315],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[189,110108,96876,110109,11055],{"href":108519},[18,110110,102916],{},[29,110112,4842],{"id":4841},[402,110114,8773,110116,97256],{"id":110115},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[18,110117,55585],{},[14,110119,110120,110122,110123,315],{},[18,110121,55585],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[18,110124,4099],{},[14,110126,16966],{},[34,110128,110130],{"className":36,"code":110129,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,110131,110132,110164,110186],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,110133,110134,110136,110138,110140,110142,110144,110146,110148,110150,110152,110154,110156,110158,110160,110162],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,110135,13396],{"class":207},[43,110137,212],{"class":211},[43,110139,1649],{"class":53},[43,110141,82],{"class":81},[43,110143,13413],{"class":85},[43,110145,82],{"class":81},[43,110147,800],{"class":53},[43,110149,932],{"class":81},[43,110151,13430],{"class":85},[43,110153,82],{"class":81},[43,110155,800],{"class":53},[43,110157,932],{"class":81},[43,110159,17777],{"class":85},[43,110161,82],{"class":81},[43,110163,1667],{"class":53},[43,110165,110166,110168,110170,110172,110174,110176,110178,110180,110182,110184],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,110167,13439],{"class":207},[43,110169,212],{"class":211},[43,110171,13444],{"class":207},[43,110173,315],{"class":53},[43,110175,35116],{"class":236},[43,110177,54],{"class":53},[43,110179,82],{"class":81},[43,110181,13430],{"class":85},[43,110183,82],{"class":81},[43,110185,227],{"class":53},[43,110187,110188,110190,110192,110194],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,110189,50],{"class":49},[43,110191,54],{"class":53},[43,110193,13463],{"class":236},[43,110195,227],{"class":53},[14,110197,110198],{},[913,110199,110],{},[34,110201,110202],{"className":36,"code":12126,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,110203,110204],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,110205,110206],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,110207,12126],{"class":104},[14,110209,16978],{},[34,110211,110212],{"className":36,"code":109422,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,110213,110214,110246,110264],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,110215,110216,110218,110220,110222,110224,110226,110228,110230,110232,110234,110236,110238,110240,110242,110244],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,110217,13396],{"class":207},[43,110219,212],{"class":211},[43,110221,1649],{"class":53},[43,110223,82],{"class":81},[43,110225,13413],{"class":85},[43,110227,82],{"class":81},[43,110229,800],{"class":53},[43,110231,932],{"class":81},[43,110233,13430],{"class":85},[43,110235,82],{"class":81},[43,110237,800],{"class":53},[43,110239,932],{"class":81},[43,110241,17777],{"class":85},[43,110243,82],{"class":81},[43,110245,1667],{"class":53},[43,110247,110248,110250,110252,110254,110256,110258,110260,110262],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,110249,17824],{"class":207},[43,110251,315],{"class":53},[43,110253,35116],{"class":236},[43,110255,54],{"class":53},[43,110257,82],{"class":81},[43,110259,13430],{"class":85},[43,110261,82],{"class":81},[43,110263,227],{"class":53},[43,110265,110266,110268,110270,110272],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,110267,50],{"class":49},[43,110269,54],{"class":53},[43,110271,17824],{"class":236},[43,110273,227],{"class":53},[402,110275,110277],{"id":110276},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[14,110279,110280,110281,315],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[18,110282,20010],{},[34,110284,110286],{"className":36,"code":110285,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[18,110287,110288,110312],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,110289,110290,110292,110294,110296,110298,110300,110302,110304,110306,110308,110310],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,110291,13396],{"class":207},[43,110293,212],{"class":211},[43,110295,1649],{"class":53},[43,110297,82],{"class":81},[43,110299,13413],{"class":85},[43,110301,82],{"class":81},[43,110303,800],{"class":53},[43,110305,932],{"class":81},[43,110307,13430],{"class":85},[43,110309,82],{"class":81},[43,110311,1667],{"class":53},[43,110313,110314,110316,110318,110320,110322,110324,110326,110328],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,110315,17824],{"class":207},[43,110317,315],{"class":53},[43,110319,35116],{"class":236},[43,110321,54],{"class":53},[43,110323,82],{"class":81},[43,110325,17777],{"class":85},[43,110327,82],{"class":81},[43,110329,227],{"class":53},[14,110331,110332,110333,325],{},"To check first, you can use ",[18,110334,4203],{},[34,110336,110338],{"className":36,"code":110337,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[18,110339,110340,110364,110368,110384],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,110341,110342,110344,110346,110348,110350,110352,110354,110356,110358,110360,110362],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,110343,13396],{"class":207},[43,110345,212],{"class":211},[43,110347,1649],{"class":53},[43,110349,82],{"class":81},[43,110351,13413],{"class":85},[43,110353,82],{"class":81},[43,110355,800],{"class":53},[43,110357,932],{"class":81},[43,110359,13430],{"class":85},[43,110361,82],{"class":81},[43,110363,1667],{"class":53},[43,110365,110366],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,110367,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,110369,110370,110372,110374,110376,110378,110380,110382],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,110371,7323],{"class":1927},[43,110373,932],{"class":81},[43,110375,17777],{"class":85},[43,110377,82],{"class":81},[43,110379,21497],{"class":211},[43,110381,13444],{"class":207},[43,110383,1931],{"class":53},[43,110385,110386,110389,110391,110393,110395,110397,110399,110401],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,110387,110388],{"class":207},"    colors",[43,110390,315],{"class":53},[43,110392,35116],{"class":236},[43,110394,54],{"class":53},[43,110396,82],{"class":81},[43,110398,17777],{"class":85},[43,110400,82],{"class":81},[43,110402,227],{"class":53},[14,110404,110405,110406,110410],{},"Or use ",[189,110407,110408],{"href":108519},[18,110409,102916],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[402,110412,37529,110414,9023,110416],{"id":110413},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[18,110415,102930],{},[18,110417,55131],{},[14,110419,110420],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[14,110422,110423,110424,110426],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[18,110425,102930],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[14,110428,110429,110430,315],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[189,110431,99140],{"href":99139},[402,110433,110435],{"id":110434},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[14,110437,108425],{},[14,110439,110440],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[29,110442,2162],{"id":2161},[402,110444,13023,110446,97355],{"id":110445},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[18,110447,102930],{},[14,110449,110450,110451,315],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[18,110452,4099],{},[402,110454,30608,110456,110458],{"id":110455},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[18,110457,102930],{}," raise?",[14,110460,30614,110461,110463],{},[18,110462,20010],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[402,110465,21743,110467,2172,110469,2822],{"id":110466},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[18,110468,55585],{},[18,110470,102916],{},[14,110472,133,110473,110475,110476,110478],{},[18,110474,55585],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[18,110477,102916],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[402,110480,5493,110482,110484],{"id":110481},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[18,110483,102930],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[14,110486,110487],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[29,110489,2229],{"id":2228},[150,110491,110492,110498,110504,110508,110512],{},[153,110493,110494],{},[189,110495,96876,110496,11055],{"href":108519},[18,110497,102916],{},[153,110499,110500],{},[189,110501,96876,110502,11055],{"href":98276},[18,110503,13082],{},[153,110505,110506],{},[189,110507,97400],{"href":97945},[153,110509,110510],{},[189,110511,100406],{"href":99139},[153,110513,110514],{},[189,110515,11578],{"href":11389},[2262,110517,110518],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":110520},[110521,110522,110524,110525,110526,110527,110532,110540,110550],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":109522,"depth":70,"text":110523},"What set.remove() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":11791,"depth":70,"text":11792},{"id":109773,"depth":70,"text":109774},{"id":109878,"depth":70,"text":110528,"children":110529},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110530,110531],{"id":35116,"depth":93,"text":55585},{"id":102983,"depth":93,"text":102916},{"id":4841,"depth":70,"text":4842,"children":110533},[110534,110536,110537,110539],{"id":110115,"depth":93,"text":110535},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110276,"depth":93,"text":110277},{"id":110413,"depth":93,"text":110538},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110434,"depth":93,"text":110435},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":110541},[110542,110544,110546,110548],{"id":110445,"depth":93,"text":110543},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110455,"depth":93,"text":110545},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110466,"depth":93,"text":110547},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110481,"depth":93,"text":110549},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109396,"description":110551},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110558,"title":110559,"body":110560,"description":111933,"extension":2312,"meta":111934,"navigation":958,"path":111935,"seo":111936,"stem":111937,"__hash__":111938},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110561,"toc":111908},[110562,110568,110574,110577,110580,110594,110596,110677,110680,110685,110689,110703,110710,110712,110731,110734,110752,110754,110834,110836,110861,110865,110868,110876,110881,110886,110888,110901,110906,110909,110933,110936,110944,110946,110949,111046,111048,111081,111083,111109,111116,111119,111123,111131,111135,111143,111145,111235,111237,111251,111258,111263,111268,111270,111361,111363,111375,111377,111391,111397,111405,111407,111489,111491,111536,111539,111547,111550,111552,111556,111599,111601,111621,111626,111628,111713,111715,111720,111722,111729,111737,111743,111746,111748,111834,111836,111860,111864,111867,111869,111896,111906],[10,110563,96262,110565,11638],{"id":110564},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[18,110566,110567],{},"symmetric_difference()",[14,110569,110570,110573],{},[18,110571,110572],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[14,110575,110576],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[14,110578,110579],{},"Use it when:",[150,110581,110582,110585,110591],{},[153,110583,110584],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[153,110586,110587,110588,110590],{},"you do ",[913,110589,734],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[153,110592,110593],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[29,110595,3927],{"id":3926},[34,110597,110599],{"className":36,"code":110598,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110600,110601,110621,110641,110645,110664],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,110602,110603,110605,110607,110609,110611,110613,110615,110617,110619],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,110604,1178],{"class":207},[43,110606,212],{"class":211},[43,110608,1649],{"class":53},[43,110610,797],{"class":63},[43,110612,800],{"class":53},[43,110614,803],{"class":63},[43,110616,800],{"class":53},[43,110618,808],{"class":63},[43,110620,1667],{"class":53},[43,110622,110623,110625,110627,110629,110631,110633,110635,110637,110639],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,110624,1192],{"class":207},[43,110626,212],{"class":211},[43,110628,1649],{"class":53},[43,110630,2409],{"class":63},[43,110632,800],{"class":53},[43,110634,2789],{"class":63},[43,110636,800],{"class":53},[43,110638,4929],{"class":63},[43,110640,1667],{"class":53},[43,110642,110643],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,110644,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,110646,110647,110649,110651,110653,110655,110658,110660,110662],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,110648,1282],{"class":207},[43,110650,212],{"class":211},[43,110652,56944],{"class":207},[43,110654,315],{"class":53},[43,110656,110657],{"class":236},"symmetric_difference",[43,110659,54],{"class":53},[43,110661,1231],{"class":236},[43,110663,227],{"class":53},[43,110665,110666,110668,110670,110672,110674],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,110667,50],{"class":49},[43,110669,54],{"class":53},[43,110671,1306],{"class":236},[43,110673,1221],{"class":53},[43,110675,110676],{"class":3984},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[14,110678,110679],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[29,110681,3998,110683,4001],{"id":110682},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[18,110684,110567],{},[14,110686,110687,325],{},[18,110688,110572],{},[150,110690,110691,110694,110697,110700],{},[153,110692,110693],{},"returns a new set",[153,110695,110696],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[153,110698,110699],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[153,110701,110702],{},"does not change the original set",[14,110704,96386,110705,2172,110707,315],{},[189,110706,96390],{"href":96389},[189,110708,110709],{"href":96393},"creating a set in Python",[29,110711,290],{"id":289},[34,110713,110715],{"className":36,"code":110714,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[18,110716,110717],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,110718,110719,110721,110723,110725,110727,110729],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,110720,100647],{"class":207},[43,110722,315],{"class":53},[43,110724,110657],{"class":236},[43,110726,54],{"class":53},[43,110728,100656],{"class":236},[43,110730,227],{"class":53},[14,110732,110733],{},"Notes:",[150,110735,110736,110741,110746,110749],{},[153,110737,110738,110740],{},[18,110739,100647],{}," must be a set",[153,110742,110743,110745],{},[18,110744,100656],{}," can be any iterable",[153,110747,110748],{},"the result is always a set",[153,110750,110751],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[14,110753,197],{},[34,110755,110757],{"className":36,"code":110756,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[18,110758,110759,110780,110801,110805,110824],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,110760,110761,110764,110766,110768,110770,110772,110774,110776,110778],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,110762,110763],{"class":207},"set1 ",[43,110765,212],{"class":211},[43,110767,1649],{"class":53},[43,110769,797],{"class":63},[43,110771,800],{"class":53},[43,110773,803],{"class":63},[43,110775,800],{"class":53},[43,110777,808],{"class":63},[43,110779,1667],{"class":53},[43,110781,110782,110785,110787,110789,110791,110793,110795,110797,110799],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,110783,110784],{"class":207},"set2 ",[43,110786,212],{"class":211},[43,110788,1649],{"class":53},[43,110790,2409],{"class":63},[43,110792,800],{"class":53},[43,110794,2789],{"class":63},[43,110796,800],{"class":53},[43,110798,4929],{"class":63},[43,110800,1667],{"class":53},[43,110802,110803],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,110804,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,110806,110807,110809,110811,110814,110816,110818,110820,110822],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,110808,1282],{"class":207},[43,110810,212],{"class":211},[43,110812,110813],{"class":207}," set1",[43,110815,315],{"class":53},[43,110817,110657],{"class":236},[43,110819,54],{"class":53},[43,110821,100656],{"class":236},[43,110823,227],{"class":53},[43,110825,110826,110828,110830,110832],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,110827,50],{"class":49},[43,110829,54],{"class":53},[43,110831,1306],{"class":236},[43,110833,227],{"class":53},[14,110835,110],{},[34,110837,110839],{"className":36,"code":110838,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110840,110841],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,110842,110843,110845,110847,110849,110851,110853,110855,110857,110859],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,110844,9594],{"class":53},[43,110846,797],{"class":63},[43,110848,800],{"class":53},[43,110850,803],{"class":63},[43,110852,800],{"class":53},[43,110854,2789],{"class":63},[43,110856,800],{"class":53},[43,110858,4929],{"class":63},[43,110860,1667],{"class":53},[29,110862,110864],{"id":110863},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[14,110866,110867],{},"The result includes:",[150,110869,110870,110873],{},[153,110871,110872],{},"items only in the first set",[153,110874,110875],{},"items only in the second set",[14,110877,110878,110879,11398],{},"The result does ",[913,110880,734],{},[150,110882,110883],{},[153,110884,110885],{},"items shared by both sets",[14,110887,5797],{},[150,110889,110890,110895],{},[153,110891,110892,110893],{},"first set: ",[18,110894,100344],{},[153,110896,110897,110898],{},"second set: ",[18,110899,110900],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[14,110902,4371,110903,110905],{},[18,110904,2409],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[14,110907,110908],{},"The output is:",[34,110910,110911],{"className":36,"code":110838,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,110912,110913],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,110914,110915,110917,110919,110921,110923,110925,110927,110929,110931],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,110916,9594],{"class":53},[43,110918,797],{"class":63},[43,110920,800],{"class":53},[43,110922,803],{"class":63},[43,110924,800],{"class":53},[43,110926,2789],{"class":63},[43,110928,800],{"class":53},[43,110930,4929],{"class":63},[43,110932,1667],{"class":53},[14,110934,110935],{},"Also remember:",[150,110937,110938,110941],{},[153,110939,110940],{},"sets are unordered",[153,110942,110943],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[29,110945,11792],{"id":11791},[14,110947,110948],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[34,110950,110952],{"className":36,"code":110951,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,110953,110954,110986,111010,111014,111032,111036],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,110955,110956,110958,110960,110962,110964,110966,110968,110970,110972,110974,110976,110978,110980,110982,110984],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,110957,107087],{"class":207},[43,110959,212],{"class":211},[43,110961,1649],{"class":53},[43,110963,82],{"class":81},[43,110965,13413],{"class":85},[43,110967,82],{"class":81},[43,110969,800],{"class":53},[43,110971,932],{"class":81},[43,110973,13430],{"class":85},[43,110975,82],{"class":81},[43,110977,800],{"class":53},[43,110979,932],{"class":81},[43,110981,17777],{"class":85},[43,110983,82],{"class":81},[43,110985,1667],{"class":53},[43,110987,110988,110990,110992,110994,110996,110998,111000,111002,111004,111006,111008],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,110989,107120],{"class":207},[43,110991,212],{"class":211},[43,110993,1649],{"class":53},[43,110995,82],{"class":81},[43,110997,17777],{"class":85},[43,110999,82],{"class":81},[43,111001,800],{"class":53},[43,111003,932],{"class":81},[43,111005,22847],{"class":85},[43,111007,82],{"class":81},[43,111009,1667],{"class":53},[43,111011,111012],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,111013,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,111015,111016,111018,111020,111022,111024,111026,111028,111030],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,111017,1282],{"class":207},[43,111019,212],{"class":211},[43,111021,107162],{"class":207},[43,111023,315],{"class":53},[43,111025,110657],{"class":236},[43,111027,54],{"class":53},[43,111029,107171],{"class":236},[43,111031,227],{"class":53},[43,111033,111034],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,111035,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,111037,111038,111040,111042,111044],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,111039,50],{"class":49},[43,111041,54],{"class":53},[43,111043,1306],{"class":236},[43,111045,227],{"class":53},[14,111047,110],{},[34,111049,111051],{"className":36,"code":111050,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[18,111052,111053],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,111054,111055,111057,111059,111061,111063,111065,111067,111069,111071,111073,111075,111077,111079],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,111056,9594],{"class":53},[43,111058,283],{"class":81},[43,111060,13413],{"class":85},[43,111062,283],{"class":81},[43,111064,800],{"class":53},[43,111066,278],{"class":81},[43,111068,13430],{"class":85},[43,111070,283],{"class":81},[43,111072,800],{"class":53},[43,111074,278],{"class":81},[43,111076,22847],{"class":85},[43,111078,283],{"class":81},[43,111080,1667],{"class":53},[14,111082,13730],{},[150,111084,111085,111090,111101],{},[153,111086,111087,111089],{},[18,111088,96555],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[153,111091,111092,895,111094,111097,111098,111100],{},[18,111093,65451],{},[18,111095,111096],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[18,111099,107224],{},", so they stay",[153,111102,111103,111105,111106,111108],{},[18,111104,109863],{}," is only in ",[18,111107,107171],{},", so it stays",[29,111110,111112,10901,111114],{"id":111111},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[18,111113,110567],{},[18,111115,100476],{},[14,111117,111118],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[14,111120,111121,325],{},[18,111122,100476],{},[150,111124,111125,111128],{},[153,111126,111127],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[153,111129,111130],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[14,111132,111133,325],{},[18,111134,110567],{},[150,111136,111137,111140],{},[153,111138,111139],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[153,111141,111142],{},"removes shared items",[14,111144,197],{},[34,111146,111148],{"className":36,"code":111147,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,111149,111150,111170,111190,111194,111215],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,111151,111152,111154,111156,111158,111160,111162,111164,111166,111168],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,111153,1178],{"class":207},[43,111155,212],{"class":211},[43,111157,1649],{"class":53},[43,111159,797],{"class":63},[43,111161,800],{"class":53},[43,111163,803],{"class":63},[43,111165,800],{"class":53},[43,111167,808],{"class":63},[43,111169,1667],{"class":53},[43,111171,111172,111174,111176,111178,111180,111182,111184,111186,111188],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,111173,1192],{"class":207},[43,111175,212],{"class":211},[43,111177,1649],{"class":53},[43,111179,2409],{"class":63},[43,111181,800],{"class":53},[43,111183,2789],{"class":63},[43,111185,800],{"class":53},[43,111187,4929],{"class":63},[43,111189,1667],{"class":53},[43,111191,111192],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,111193,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,111195,111196,111198,111200,111202,111204,111206,111208,111210,111212],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,111197,50],{"class":49},[43,111199,54],{"class":53},[43,111201,189],{"class":236},[43,111203,315],{"class":53},[43,111205,3141],{"class":236},[43,111207,54],{"class":53},[43,111209,1231],{"class":236},[43,111211,5686],{"class":53},[43,111213,111214],{"class":3984},"            # {1, 2}\n",[43,111216,111217,111219,111221,111223,111225,111227,111229,111231,111233],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,111218,50],{"class":49},[43,111220,54],{"class":53},[43,111222,189],{"class":236},[43,111224,315],{"class":53},[43,111226,110657],{"class":236},[43,111228,54],{"class":53},[43,111230,1231],{"class":236},[43,111232,5686],{"class":53},[43,111234,110676],{"class":3984},[14,111236,19017],{},[150,111238,111239,111246],{},[153,111240,111241,111245],{},[189,111242,111243],{"href":102902},[18,111244,100476],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[153,111247,111248,111250],{},[18,111249,110567],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[29,111252,111254,10901,111256],{"id":111253},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[18,111255,110567],{},[18,111257,102861],{},[14,111259,111260,111262],{},[18,111261,102861],{}," combines both sets.",[14,111264,111265,111267],{},[18,111266,110567],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[14,111269,197],{},[34,111271,111273],{"className":36,"code":111272,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,111274,111275,111295,111315,111319,111341],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,111276,111277,111279,111281,111283,111285,111287,111289,111291,111293],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,111278,1178],{"class":207},[43,111280,212],{"class":211},[43,111282,1649],{"class":53},[43,111284,797],{"class":63},[43,111286,800],{"class":53},[43,111288,803],{"class":63},[43,111290,800],{"class":53},[43,111292,808],{"class":63},[43,111294,1667],{"class":53},[43,111296,111297,111299,111301,111303,111305,111307,111309,111311,111313],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,111298,1192],{"class":207},[43,111300,212],{"class":211},[43,111302,1649],{"class":53},[43,111304,2409],{"class":63},[43,111306,800],{"class":53},[43,111308,2789],{"class":63},[43,111310,800],{"class":53},[43,111312,4929],{"class":63},[43,111314,1667],{"class":53},[43,111316,111317],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,111318,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,111320,111321,111323,111325,111327,111329,111332,111334,111336,111338],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,111322,50],{"class":49},[43,111324,54],{"class":53},[43,111326,189],{"class":236},[43,111328,315],{"class":53},[43,111330,111331],{"class":236},"union",[43,111333,54],{"class":53},[43,111335,1231],{"class":236},[43,111337,5686],{"class":53},[43,111339,111340],{"class":3984},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[43,111342,111343,111345,111347,111349,111351,111353,111355,111357,111359],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,111344,50],{"class":49},[43,111346,54],{"class":53},[43,111348,189],{"class":236},[43,111350,315],{"class":53},[43,111352,110657],{"class":236},[43,111354,54],{"class":53},[43,111356,1231],{"class":236},[43,111358,5686],{"class":53},[43,111360,110676],{"class":3984},[14,111362,27545],{},[150,111364,111365,111370],{},[153,111366,111367,111369],{},[18,111368,102861],{}," includes everything",[153,111371,111372,111374],{},[18,111373,110567],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[14,111376,19017],{},[150,111378,111379,111386],{},[153,111380,111381,111385],{},[189,111382,111383],{"href":107792},[18,111384,102861],{}," when overlap does not matter",[153,111387,111388,111390],{},[18,111389,110567],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[29,111392,36937,111394,101660],{"id":111393},"using-the-operator",[18,111395,111396],{},"^",[14,111398,111399,111400,111402,111403,315],{},"For sets, the ",[18,111401,111396],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[18,111404,110567],{},[14,111406,197],{},[34,111408,111410],{"className":36,"code":111409,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[18,111411,111412,111432,111452,111456,111474],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,111413,111414,111416,111418,111420,111422,111424,111426,111428,111430],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,111415,110763],{"class":207},[43,111417,212],{"class":211},[43,111419,1649],{"class":53},[43,111421,797],{"class":63},[43,111423,800],{"class":53},[43,111425,803],{"class":63},[43,111427,800],{"class":53},[43,111429,808],{"class":63},[43,111431,1667],{"class":53},[43,111433,111434,111436,111438,111440,111442,111444,111446,111448,111450],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,111435,110784],{"class":207},[43,111437,212],{"class":211},[43,111439,1649],{"class":53},[43,111441,2409],{"class":63},[43,111443,800],{"class":53},[43,111445,2789],{"class":63},[43,111447,800],{"class":53},[43,111449,4929],{"class":63},[43,111451,1667],{"class":53},[43,111453,111454],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,111455,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,111457,111458,111460,111462,111464,111466,111468,111470,111472],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,111459,50],{"class":49},[43,111461,54],{"class":53},[43,111463,100647],{"class":236},[43,111465,315],{"class":53},[43,111467,110657],{"class":236},[43,111469,54],{"class":53},[43,111471,100656],{"class":236},[43,111473,67],{"class":53},[43,111475,111476,111478,111480,111482,111484,111487],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,111477,50],{"class":49},[43,111479,54],{"class":53},[43,111481,110763],{"class":236},[43,111483,111396],{"class":211},[43,111485,111486],{"class":236}," set2",[43,111488,227],{"class":53},[14,111490,30350],{},[34,111492,111494],{"className":36,"code":111493,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,111495,111496,111516],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,111497,111498,111500,111502,111504,111506,111508,111510,111512,111514],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,111499,9594],{"class":53},[43,111501,797],{"class":63},[43,111503,800],{"class":53},[43,111505,803],{"class":63},[43,111507,800],{"class":53},[43,111509,2789],{"class":63},[43,111511,800],{"class":53},[43,111513,4929],{"class":63},[43,111515,1667],{"class":53},[43,111517,111518,111520,111522,111524,111526,111528,111530,111532,111534],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,111519,9594],{"class":53},[43,111521,797],{"class":63},[43,111523,800],{"class":53},[43,111525,803],{"class":63},[43,111527,800],{"class":53},[43,111529,2789],{"class":63},[43,111531,800],{"class":53},[43,111533,4929],{"class":63},[43,111535,1667],{"class":53},[14,111537,111538],{},"Both forms:",[150,111540,111541,111544],{},[153,111542,111543],{},"return a new set",[153,111545,111546],{},"do not change the original sets",[14,111548,111549],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[29,111551,4842],{"id":4841},[14,111553,21535,111554,325],{},[18,111555,110567],{},[150,111557,111558,111566,111576,111591],{},[153,111559,111560,111563,111565],{},[913,111561,111562],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10162,111564],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[153,111567,111568,111571,111573,111575],{},[913,111569,111570],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10162,111572],{},[18,111574,110567],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[153,111577,111578,111583,111585,111587,111588,111590],{},[913,111579,111580,111581],{},"Confusing it with ",[18,111582,100476],{},[10162,111584],{},[18,111586,100476],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[18,111589,110567],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[153,111592,111593,111596,111598],{},[913,111594,111595],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10162,111597],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[14,111600,58919],{},[150,111602,111603,111612,111615,111618],{},[153,111604,50546,111605,44682,111607,111611],{},[18,111606,110567],{},[189,111608,111609],{"href":107792},[18,111610,102861],{}," is actually needed",[153,111613,111614],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[153,111616,111617],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[153,111619,111620],{},"being confused by output order",[14,111622,111623,111624,315],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[189,111625,99140],{"href":105405},[14,111627,62353],{},[34,111629,111631],{"className":36,"code":111630,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[18,111632,111633,111643,111653,111671,111685,111699],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,111634,111635,111637,111639,111641],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,111636,50],{"class":49},[43,111638,54],{"class":53},[43,111640,100647],{"class":236},[43,111642,227],{"class":53},[43,111644,111645,111647,111649,111651],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,111646,50],{"class":49},[43,111648,54],{"class":53},[43,111650,100656],{"class":236},[43,111652,227],{"class":53},[43,111654,111655,111657,111659,111661,111663,111665,111667,111669],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,111656,50],{"class":49},[43,111658,54],{"class":53},[43,111660,100647],{"class":236},[43,111662,315],{"class":53},[43,111664,110657],{"class":236},[43,111666,54],{"class":53},[43,111668,100656],{"class":236},[43,111670,67],{"class":53},[43,111672,111673,111675,111677,111679,111681,111683],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,111674,50],{"class":49},[43,111676,54],{"class":53},[43,111678,110763],{"class":236},[43,111680,111396],{"class":211},[43,111682,111486],{"class":236},[43,111684,227],{"class":53},[43,111686,111687,111689,111691,111693,111695,111697],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,111688,50],{"class":49},[43,111690,54],{"class":53},[43,111692,248],{"class":57},[43,111694,54],{"class":53},[43,111696,100647],{"class":236},[43,111698,67],{"class":53},[43,111700,111701,111703,111705,111707,111709,111711],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,111702,50],{"class":49},[43,111704,54],{"class":53},[43,111706,248],{"class":57},[43,111708,54],{"class":53},[43,111710,100656],{"class":236},[43,111712,67],{"class":53},[29,111714,2162],{"id":2161},[402,111716,13023,111718,102801],{"id":111717},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[18,111719,110567],{},[14,111721,102804],{},[402,111723,5503,111725,895,111727,2822],{"id":111724},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[18,111726,110567],{},[18,111728,100476],{},[14,111730,111731,111733,111734,111736],{},[18,111732,100476],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[18,111735,110567],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[402,111738,28653,111740,111742],{"id":111739},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[18,111741,110567],{}," with lists?",[14,111744,111745],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[14,111747,197],{},[34,111749,111751],{"className":36,"code":111750,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[18,111752,111753,111773,111793,111797,111824],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,111754,111755,111757,111759,111761,111763,111765,111767,111769,111771],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,111756,80717],{"class":207},[43,111758,212],{"class":211},[43,111760,3942],{"class":53},[43,111762,797],{"class":63},[43,111764,800],{"class":53},[43,111766,803],{"class":63},[43,111768,800],{"class":53},[43,111770,808],{"class":63},[43,111772,3955],{"class":53},[43,111774,111775,111777,111779,111781,111783,111785,111787,111789,111791],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,111776,80738],{"class":207},[43,111778,212],{"class":211},[43,111780,3942],{"class":53},[43,111782,2409],{"class":63},[43,111784,800],{"class":53},[43,111786,2789],{"class":63},[43,111788,800],{"class":53},[43,111790,4929],{"class":63},[43,111792,3955],{"class":53},[43,111794,111795],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,111796,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,111798,111799,111801,111803,111805,111807,111810,111812,111814,111816,111818,111820,111822],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,111800,1282],{"class":207},[43,111802,212],{"class":211},[43,111804,15955],{"class":57},[43,111806,54],{"class":53},[43,111808,111809],{"class":236},"list1",[43,111811,8951],{"class":53},[43,111813,110657],{"class":236},[43,111815,54],{"class":53},[43,111817,6613],{"class":57},[43,111819,54],{"class":53},[43,111821,81004],{"class":236},[43,111823,67],{"class":53},[43,111825,111826,111828,111830,111832],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,111827,50],{"class":49},[43,111829,54],{"class":53},[43,111831,1306],{"class":236},[43,111833,227],{"class":53},[14,111835,110],{},[34,111837,111838],{"className":36,"code":110838,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,111839,111840],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,111841,111842,111844,111846,111848,111850,111852,111854,111856,111858],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,111843,9594],{"class":53},[43,111845,797],{"class":63},[43,111847,800],{"class":53},[43,111849,803],{"class":63},[43,111851,800],{"class":53},[43,111853,2789],{"class":63},[43,111855,800],{"class":53},[43,111857,4929],{"class":63},[43,111859,1667],{"class":53},[402,111861,111863],{"id":111862},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[14,111865,111866],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[29,111868,2229],{"id":2228},[150,111870,111871,111875,111880,111886,111892],{},[153,111872,111873],{},[189,111874,96390],{"href":96389},[153,111876,111877],{},[189,111878,111879],{"href":96393},"Creating a set in Python",[153,111881,111882],{},[189,111883,96876,111884,11055],{"href":102902},[18,111885,100476],{},[153,111887,111888],{},[189,111889,96876,111890,11055],{"href":107792},[18,111891,102861],{},[153,111893,111894],{},[189,111895,100406],{"href":105405},[14,111897,111898,111899,2534,111901,17395,111903,111905],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[18,111900,100476],{},[18,111902,102861],{},[18,111904,110567],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2262,111907,57298],{},{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":111909},[111910,111911,111913,111914,111915,111916,111918,111920,111922,111923,111932],{"id":3926,"depth":70,"text":3927},{"id":110682,"depth":70,"text":111912},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":110863,"depth":70,"text":110864},{"id":11791,"depth":70,"text":11792},{"id":111111,"depth":70,"text":111917},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111253,"depth":70,"text":111919},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111393,"depth":70,"text":111921},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4841,"depth":70,"text":4842},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":111924},[111925,111927,111929,111931],{"id":111717,"depth":93,"text":111926},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111724,"depth":93,"text":111928},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111739,"depth":93,"text":111930},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111862,"depth":93,"text":111863},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110559,"description":111933},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111940,"title":111941,"body":111942,"description":114005,"extension":2312,"meta":114006,"navigation":958,"path":107792,"seo":114007,"stem":114008,"__hash__":114009},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111943,"toc":113964},[111944,111949,111954,111957,111970,111972,112054,112059,112064,112068,112080,112083,112087,112089,112116,112118,112129,112132,112201,112203,112209,112212,112222,112224,112313,112318,112320,112327,112330,112332,112335,112455,112457,112526,112529,112546,112551,112554,112670,112672,112701,112704,112710,112715,112719,112800,112802,112830,112835,112839,112934,112936,112977,112981,112984,113051,113053,113094,113100,113115,113122,113129,113133,113139,113225,113229,113237,113308,113313,113320,113322,113328,113330,113395,113397,113413,113418,113421,113490,113494,113497,113556,113559,113563,113616,113629,113632,113685,113689,113691,113722,113725,113730,113783,113787,113790,113811,113823,113825,113878,113880,113885,113887,113893,113896,113902,113907,113911,113914,113922,113931,113933,113961],[10,111945,3894,111947,11638],{"id":111946},"python-setunion-method",[18,111948,108105],{},[14,111950,111951,111953],{},[18,111952,108105],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[14,111955,111956],{},"It is useful when you want:",[150,111958,111959,111962,111967],{},[153,111960,111961],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[153,111963,1178,111964,111966],{},[913,111965,100831],{}," as the result",[153,111968,111969],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[29,111971,32],{"id":31},[34,111973,111975],{"className":36,"code":111974,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,111976,111977,111997,112017,112021,112039,112049],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,111978,111979,111981,111983,111985,111987,111989,111991,111993,111995],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,111980,110763],{"class":207},[43,111982,212],{"class":211},[43,111984,1649],{"class":53},[43,111986,797],{"class":63},[43,111988,800],{"class":53},[43,111990,803],{"class":63},[43,111992,800],{"class":53},[43,111994,808],{"class":63},[43,111996,1667],{"class":53},[43,111998,111999,112001,112003,112005,112007,112009,112011,112013,112015],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,112000,110784],{"class":207},[43,112002,212],{"class":211},[43,112004,1649],{"class":53},[43,112006,2409],{"class":63},[43,112008,800],{"class":53},[43,112010,2789],{"class":63},[43,112012,800],{"class":53},[43,112014,4929],{"class":63},[43,112016,1667],{"class":53},[43,112018,112019],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,112020,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,112022,112023,112025,112027,112029,112031,112033,112035,112037],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,112024,1282],{"class":207},[43,112026,212],{"class":211},[43,112028,110813],{"class":207},[43,112030,315],{"class":53},[43,112032,111331],{"class":236},[43,112034,54],{"class":53},[43,112036,100656],{"class":236},[43,112038,227],{"class":53},[43,112040,112041,112043,112045,112047],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,112042,50],{"class":49},[43,112044,54],{"class":53},[43,112046,1306],{"class":236},[43,112048,227],{"class":53},[43,112050,112051],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,112052,112053],{"class":3984},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[14,112055,112056,112058],{},[18,112057,102861],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[29,112060,3998,112062,4001],{"id":112061},"what-setunion-does",[18,112063,108105],{},[14,112065,112066,325],{},[18,112067,108105],{},[150,112069,112070,112073,112076,112078],{},[153,112071,112072],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[153,112074,112075],{},"keeps only unique values",[153,112077,110693],{},[153,112079,110702],{},[14,112081,112082],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[14,112084,96386,112085,315],{},[189,112086,96390],{"href":97561},[29,112088,290],{"id":289},[34,112090,112092],{"className":36,"code":112091,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[18,112093,112094],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,112095,112096,112098,112100,112102,112104,112106,112108,112110,112112,112114],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,112097,100647],{"class":207},[43,112099,315],{"class":53},[43,112101,111331],{"class":236},[43,112103,54],{"class":53},[43,112105,100656],{"class":236},[43,112107,800],{"class":53},[43,112109,100683],{"class":236},[43,112111,800],{"class":53},[43,112113,34777],{"class":49},[43,112115,227],{"class":53},[14,112117,13372],{},[150,112119,112120,112123,112126],{},[153,112121,112122],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[153,112124,112125],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[153,112127,112128],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[14,112130,112131],{},"Example with two sets:",[34,112133,112135],{"className":36,"code":112134,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,112136,112137,112153,112169,112173,112191],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,112138,112139,112141,112143,112145,112147,112149,112151],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,112140,1178],{"class":207},[43,112142,212],{"class":211},[43,112144,1649],{"class":53},[43,112146,797],{"class":63},[43,112148,800],{"class":53},[43,112150,803],{"class":63},[43,112152,1667],{"class":53},[43,112154,112155,112157,112159,112161,112163,112165,112167],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,112156,1192],{"class":207},[43,112158,212],{"class":211},[43,112160,1649],{"class":53},[43,112162,447],{"class":63},[43,112164,800],{"class":53},[43,112166,808],{"class":63},[43,112168,1667],{"class":53},[43,112170,112171],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,112172,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,112174,112175,112177,112179,112181,112183,112185,112187,112189],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,112176,1282],{"class":207},[43,112178,212],{"class":211},[43,112180,56944],{"class":207},[43,112182,315],{"class":53},[43,112184,111331],{"class":236},[43,112186,54],{"class":53},[43,112188,1231],{"class":236},[43,112190,227],{"class":53},[43,112192,112193,112195,112197,112199],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,112194,50],{"class":49},[43,112196,54],{"class":53},[43,112198,1306],{"class":236},[43,112200,227],{"class":53},[29,112202,22293],{"id":22292},[14,112204,112205,100828,112207,315],{},[18,112206,108105],{},[913,112208,100831],{},[14,112210,112211],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[150,112213,112214,112217],{},[153,112215,112216],{},"the original set",[153,112218,112219,112220],{},"all arguments passed to ",[18,112221,102861],{},[14,112223,197],{},[34,112225,112227],{"className":36,"code":112226,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[18,112228,112229,112245,112261,112265,112283,112287,112300],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,112230,112231,112233,112235,112237,112239,112241,112243],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,112232,1178],{"class":207},[43,112234,212],{"class":211},[43,112236,1649],{"class":53},[43,112238,797],{"class":63},[43,112240,800],{"class":53},[43,112242,803],{"class":63},[43,112244,1667],{"class":53},[43,112246,112247,112249,112251,112253,112255,112257,112259],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,112248,1192],{"class":207},[43,112250,212],{"class":211},[43,112252,1649],{"class":53},[43,112254,447],{"class":63},[43,112256,800],{"class":53},[43,112258,808],{"class":63},[43,112260,1667],{"class":53},[43,112262,112263],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,112264,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,112266,112267,112269,112271,112273,112275,112277,112279,112281],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,112268,1282],{"class":207},[43,112270,212],{"class":211},[43,112272,56944],{"class":207},[43,112274,315],{"class":53},[43,112276,111331],{"class":236},[43,112278,54],{"class":53},[43,112280,1231],{"class":236},[43,112282,227],{"class":53},[43,112284,112285],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,112286,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,112288,112289,112291,112293,112295,112297],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,112290,50],{"class":49},[43,112292,54],{"class":53},[43,112294,1306],{"class":236},[43,112296,1221],{"class":53},[43,112298,112299],{"class":3984},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[43,112301,112302,112304,112306,112308,112310],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,112303,50],{"class":49},[43,112305,54],{"class":53},[43,112307,189],{"class":236},[43,112309,1221],{"class":53},[43,112311,112312],{"class":3984},"       # {1, 2}\n",[14,112314,2626,112315,112317],{},[18,112316,189],{}," did not change.",[14,112319,110935],{},[150,112321,112322,112324],{},[153,112323,110940],{},[153,112325,112326],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[14,112328,112329],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[29,112331,11792],{"id":11791},[14,112333,112334],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[34,112336,112338],{"className":36,"code":112337,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[18,112339,112340,112373,112406,112410,112430,112434,112444],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,112341,112342,112345,112347,112349,112351,112353,112355,112357,112359,112361,112363,112365,112367,112369,112371],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,112343,112344],{"class":207},"fruits1 ",[43,112346,212],{"class":211},[43,112348,1649],{"class":53},[43,112350,82],{"class":81},[43,112352,4401],{"class":85},[43,112354,82],{"class":81},[43,112356,800],{"class":53},[43,112358,932],{"class":81},[43,112360,4410],{"class":85},[43,112362,82],{"class":81},[43,112364,800],{"class":53},[43,112366,932],{"class":81},[43,112368,33543],{"class":85},[43,112370,82],{"class":81},[43,112372,1667],{"class":53},[43,112374,112375,112378,112380,112382,112384,112386,112388,112390,112392,112394,112396,112398,112400,112402,112404],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,112376,112377],{"class":207},"fruits2 ",[43,112379,212],{"class":211},[43,112381,1649],{"class":53},[43,112383,82],{"class":81},[43,112385,4410],{"class":85},[43,112387,82],{"class":81},[43,112389,800],{"class":53},[43,112391,932],{"class":81},[43,112393,22856],{"class":85},[43,112395,82],{"class":81},[43,112397,800],{"class":53},[43,112399,932],{"class":81},[43,112401,33543],{"class":85},[43,112403,82],{"class":81},[43,112405,1667],{"class":53},[43,112407,112408],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,112409,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,112411,112412,112414,112416,112419,112421,112423,112425,112428],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,112413,1282],{"class":207},[43,112415,212],{"class":211},[43,112417,112418],{"class":207}," fruits1",[43,112420,315],{"class":53},[43,112422,111331],{"class":236},[43,112424,54],{"class":53},[43,112426,112427],{"class":236},"fruits2",[43,112429,227],{"class":53},[43,112431,112432],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,112433,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,112435,112436,112438,112440,112442],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,112437,50],{"class":49},[43,112439,54],{"class":53},[43,112441,1306],{"class":236},[43,112443,227],{"class":53},[43,112445,112446,112448,112450,112453],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,112447,50],{"class":49},[43,112449,54],{"class":53},[43,112451,112452],{"class":236},"fruits1",[43,112454,227],{"class":53},[14,112456,30350],{},[34,112458,112460],{"className":36,"code":112459,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[18,112461,112462,112498],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,112463,112464,112466,112468,112470,112472,112474,112476,112478,112480,112482,112484,112486,112488,112490,112492,112494,112496],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,112465,9594],{"class":53},[43,112467,283],{"class":81},[43,112469,4410],{"class":85},[43,112471,283],{"class":81},[43,112473,800],{"class":53},[43,112475,278],{"class":81},[43,112477,33543],{"class":85},[43,112479,283],{"class":81},[43,112481,800],{"class":53},[43,112483,278],{"class":81},[43,112485,4401],{"class":85},[43,112487,283],{"class":81},[43,112489,800],{"class":53},[43,112491,278],{"class":81},[43,112493,22856],{"class":85},[43,112495,283],{"class":81},[43,112497,1667],{"class":53},[43,112499,112500,112502,112504,112506,112508,112510,112512,112514,112516,112518,112520,112522,112524],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,112501,9594],{"class":53},[43,112503,283],{"class":81},[43,112505,4410],{"class":85},[43,112507,283],{"class":81},[43,112509,800],{"class":53},[43,112511,278],{"class":81},[43,112513,33543],{"class":85},[43,112515,283],{"class":81},[43,112517,800],{"class":53},[43,112519,278],{"class":81},[43,112521,4401],{"class":85},[43,112523,283],{"class":81},[43,112525,1667],{"class":53},[14,112527,112528],{},"What this shows:",[150,112530,112531,112538,112541],{},[153,112532,112533,895,112535,112537],{},[18,112534,65333],{},[18,112536,65760],{}," appear in both sets",[153,112539,112540],{},"they appear only once in the result",[153,112542,112543,112545],{},[18,112544,112452],{}," stays unchanged",[29,112547,8738,112549,101220],{"id":112548},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[18,112550,102861],{},[14,112552,112553],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[34,112555,112557],{"className":36,"code":112556,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,112558,112559,112575,112591,112608,112625,112629,112656,112660],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,112560,112561,112563,112565,112567,112569,112571,112573],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,112562,110763],{"class":207},[43,112564,212],{"class":211},[43,112566,1649],{"class":53},[43,112568,797],{"class":63},[43,112570,800],{"class":53},[43,112572,803],{"class":63},[43,112574,1667],{"class":53},[43,112576,112577,112579,112581,112583,112585,112587,112589],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,112578,110784],{"class":207},[43,112580,212],{"class":211},[43,112582,1649],{"class":53},[43,112584,447],{"class":63},[43,112586,800],{"class":53},[43,112588,808],{"class":63},[43,112590,1667],{"class":53},[43,112592,112593,112596,112598,112600,112602,112604,112606],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,112594,112595],{"class":207},"set3 ",[43,112597,212],{"class":211},[43,112599,1649],{"class":53},[43,112601,2409],{"class":63},[43,112603,800],{"class":53},[43,112605,2789],{"class":63},[43,112607,1667],{"class":53},[43,112609,112610,112613,112615,112617,112619,112621,112623],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,112611,112612],{"class":207},"set4 ",[43,112614,212],{"class":211},[43,112616,1649],{"class":53},[43,112618,2835],{"class":63},[43,112620,800],{"class":53},[43,112622,4929],{"class":63},[43,112624,1667],{"class":53},[43,112626,112627],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,112628,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,112630,112631,112633,112635,112637,112639,112641,112643,112645,112647,112649,112651,112654],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,112632,1282],{"class":207},[43,112634,212],{"class":211},[43,112636,110813],{"class":207},[43,112638,315],{"class":53},[43,112640,111331],{"class":236},[43,112642,54],{"class":53},[43,112644,100656],{"class":236},[43,112646,800],{"class":53},[43,112648,100683],{"class":236},[43,112650,800],{"class":53},[43,112652,112653],{"class":236}," set4",[43,112655,227],{"class":53},[43,112657,112658],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,112659,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,112661,112662,112664,112666,112668],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,112663,50],{"class":49},[43,112665,54],{"class":53},[43,112667,1306],{"class":236},[43,112669,227],{"class":53},[14,112671,30350],{},[34,112673,112675],{"className":36,"code":112674,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,112676,112677],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,112678,112679,112681,112683,112685,112687,112689,112691,112693,112695,112697,112699],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,112680,9594],{"class":53},[43,112682,797],{"class":63},[43,112684,800],{"class":53},[43,112686,803],{"class":63},[43,112688,800],{"class":53},[43,112690,808],{"class":63},[43,112692,800],{"class":53},[43,112694,2789],{"class":63},[43,112696,800],{"class":53},[43,112698,4929],{"class":63},[43,112700,1667],{"class":53},[14,112702,112703],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[29,112705,8738,112707,112709],{"id":112706},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[18,112708,102861],{}," with other iterables",[14,112711,112712,112714],{},[18,112713,102861],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[402,112716,112718],{"id":112717},"with-a-list","With a list",[34,112720,112722],{"className":36,"code":112721,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,112723,112724,112744,112768,112772,112790],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,112725,112726,112728,112730,112732,112734,112736,112738,112740,112742],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,112727,3937],{"class":207},[43,112729,212],{"class":211},[43,112731,1649],{"class":53},[43,112733,797],{"class":63},[43,112735,800],{"class":53},[43,112737,803],{"class":63},[43,112739,800],{"class":53},[43,112741,808],{"class":63},[43,112743,1667],{"class":53},[43,112745,112746,112748,112750,112752,112754,112756,112758,112760,112762,112764,112766],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,112747,61105],{"class":207},[43,112749,212],{"class":211},[43,112751,3942],{"class":53},[43,112753,2409],{"class":63},[43,112755,800],{"class":53},[43,112757,2789],{"class":63},[43,112759,800],{"class":53},[43,112761,4929],{"class":63},[43,112763,800],{"class":53},[43,112765,4929],{"class":63},[43,112767,3955],{"class":53},[43,112769,112770],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,112771,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,112773,112774,112776,112778,112780,112782,112784,112786,112788],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,112775,1282],{"class":207},[43,112777,212],{"class":211},[43,112779,4586],{"class":207},[43,112781,315],{"class":53},[43,112783,111331],{"class":236},[43,112785,54],{"class":53},[43,112787,61134],{"class":236},[43,112789,227],{"class":53},[43,112791,112792,112794,112796,112798],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,112793,50],{"class":49},[43,112795,54],{"class":53},[43,112797,1306],{"class":236},[43,112799,227],{"class":53},[14,112801,30350],{},[34,112803,112804],{"className":36,"code":112674,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,112805,112806],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,112807,112808,112810,112812,112814,112816,112818,112820,112822,112824,112826,112828],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,112809,9594],{"class":53},[43,112811,797],{"class":63},[43,112813,800],{"class":53},[43,112815,803],{"class":63},[43,112817,800],{"class":53},[43,112819,808],{"class":63},[43,112821,800],{"class":53},[43,112823,2789],{"class":63},[43,112825,800],{"class":53},[43,112827,4929],{"class":63},[43,112829,1667],{"class":53},[14,112831,21301,112832,112834],{},[18,112833,64],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[402,112836,112838],{"id":112837},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[34,112840,112842],{"className":36,"code":112841,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[18,112843,112844,112868,112901,112905,112924],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,112845,112846,112848,112850,112852,112854,112856,112858,112860,112862,112864,112866],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,112847,36414],{"class":207},[43,112849,212],{"class":211},[43,112851,1649],{"class":53},[43,112853,82],{"class":81},[43,112855,189],{"class":85},[43,112857,82],{"class":81},[43,112859,800],{"class":53},[43,112861,932],{"class":81},[43,112863,1231],{"class":85},[43,112865,82],{"class":81},[43,112867,1667],{"class":53},[43,112869,112870,112873,112875,112877,112879,112881,112883,112885,112887,112889,112891,112893,112895,112897,112899],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,112871,112872],{"class":207},"more_letters ",[43,112874,212],{"class":211},[43,112876,9552],{"class":53},[43,112878,82],{"class":81},[43,112880,1231],{"class":85},[43,112882,82],{"class":81},[43,112884,800],{"class":53},[43,112886,932],{"class":81},[43,112888,10055],{"class":85},[43,112890,82],{"class":81},[43,112892,800],{"class":53},[43,112894,932],{"class":81},[43,112896,19090],{"class":85},[43,112898,82],{"class":81},[43,112900,227],{"class":53},[43,112902,112903],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,112904,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,112906,112907,112909,112911,112913,112915,112917,112919,112922],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,112908,1282],{"class":207},[43,112910,212],{"class":211},[43,112912,70155],{"class":207},[43,112914,315],{"class":53},[43,112916,111331],{"class":236},[43,112918,54],{"class":53},[43,112920,112921],{"class":236},"more_letters",[43,112923,227],{"class":53},[43,112925,112926,112928,112930,112932],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,112927,50],{"class":49},[43,112929,54],{"class":53},[43,112931,1306],{"class":236},[43,112933,227],{"class":53},[14,112935,30350],{},[34,112937,112939],{"className":36,"code":112938,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[18,112940,112941],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,112942,112943,112945,112947,112949,112951,112953,112955,112957,112959,112961,112963,112965,112967,112969,112971,112973,112975],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,112944,9594],{"class":53},[43,112946,283],{"class":81},[43,112948,189],{"class":85},[43,112950,283],{"class":81},[43,112952,800],{"class":53},[43,112954,278],{"class":81},[43,112956,1231],{"class":85},[43,112958,283],{"class":81},[43,112960,800],{"class":53},[43,112962,278],{"class":81},[43,112964,10055],{"class":85},[43,112966,283],{"class":81},[43,112968,800],{"class":53},[43,112970,278],{"class":81},[43,112972,19090],{"class":85},[43,112974,283],{"class":81},[43,112976,1667],{"class":53},[402,112978,112980],{"id":112979},"with-a-string","With a string",[14,112982,112983],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[34,112985,112987],{"className":36,"code":112986,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,112988,112989,113014,113037,113041],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,112990,112991,112994,112996,112998,113000,113002,113004,113006,113008,113010,113012],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,112992,112993],{"class":207},"chars ",[43,112995,212],{"class":211},[43,112997,1649],{"class":53},[43,112999,82],{"class":81},[43,113001,189],{"class":85},[43,113003,82],{"class":81},[43,113005,800],{"class":53},[43,113007,932],{"class":81},[43,113009,1231],{"class":85},[43,113011,82],{"class":81},[43,113013,1667],{"class":53},[43,113015,113016,113018,113020,113023,113025,113027,113029,113031,113033,113035],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,113017,1282],{"class":207},[43,113019,212],{"class":211},[43,113021,113022],{"class":207}," chars",[43,113024,315],{"class":53},[43,113026,111331],{"class":236},[43,113028,54],{"class":53},[43,113030,82],{"class":81},[43,113032,37372],{"class":85},[43,113034,82],{"class":81},[43,113036,227],{"class":53},[43,113038,113039],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,113040,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,113042,113043,113045,113047,113049],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,113044,50],{"class":49},[43,113046,54],{"class":53},[43,113048,1306],{"class":236},[43,113050,227],{"class":53},[14,113052,30350],{},[34,113054,113056],{"className":36,"code":113055,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[18,113057,113058],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,113059,113060,113062,113064,113066,113068,113070,113072,113074,113076,113078,113080,113082,113084,113086,113088,113090,113092],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,113061,9594],{"class":53},[43,113063,283],{"class":81},[43,113065,189],{"class":85},[43,113067,283],{"class":81},[43,113069,800],{"class":53},[43,113071,278],{"class":81},[43,113073,1231],{"class":85},[43,113075,283],{"class":81},[43,113077,800],{"class":53},[43,113079,278],{"class":81},[43,113081,10055],{"class":85},[43,113083,283],{"class":81},[43,113085,800],{"class":53},[43,113087,278],{"class":81},[43,113089,63345],{"class":85},[43,113091,283],{"class":81},[43,113093,1667],{"class":53},[14,113095,22512,113096,113099],{},[18,113097,113098],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[150,113101,113102,113106,113110],{},[153,113103,113104],{},[18,113105,66540],{},[153,113107,113108],{},[18,113109,18418],{},[153,113111,113112],{},[18,113113,113114],{},"\"t\"",[29,113116,113118,10901,113120],{"id":113117},"union-vs-update",[18,113119,102861],{},[18,113121,15276],{},[14,113123,113124,895,113126,113128],{},[18,113125,102861],{},[18,113127,15276],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[402,113130,113131],{"id":111331},[18,113132,102861],{},[150,113134,113135,113137],{},[153,113136,110693],{},[153,113138,110702],{},[34,113140,113141],{"className":36,"code":112226,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,113142,113143,113159,113175,113179,113197,113201,113213],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,113144,113145,113147,113149,113151,113153,113155,113157],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,113146,1178],{"class":207},[43,113148,212],{"class":211},[43,113150,1649],{"class":53},[43,113152,797],{"class":63},[43,113154,800],{"class":53},[43,113156,803],{"class":63},[43,113158,1667],{"class":53},[43,113160,113161,113163,113165,113167,113169,113171,113173],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,113162,1192],{"class":207},[43,113164,212],{"class":211},[43,113166,1649],{"class":53},[43,113168,447],{"class":63},[43,113170,800],{"class":53},[43,113172,808],{"class":63},[43,113174,1667],{"class":53},[43,113176,113177],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,113178,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,113180,113181,113183,113185,113187,113189,113191,113193,113195],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,113182,1282],{"class":207},[43,113184,212],{"class":211},[43,113186,56944],{"class":207},[43,113188,315],{"class":53},[43,113190,111331],{"class":236},[43,113192,54],{"class":53},[43,113194,1231],{"class":236},[43,113196,227],{"class":53},[43,113198,113199],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,113200,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,113202,113203,113205,113207,113209,113211],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,113204,50],{"class":49},[43,113206,54],{"class":53},[43,113208,1306],{"class":236},[43,113210,1221],{"class":53},[43,113212,112299],{"class":3984},[43,113214,113215,113217,113219,113221,113223],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,113216,50],{"class":49},[43,113218,54],{"class":53},[43,113220,189],{"class":236},[43,113222,1221],{"class":53},[43,113224,112312],{"class":3984},[402,113226,113227],{"id":30785},[18,113228,15276],{},[150,113230,113231,113234],{},[153,113232,113233],{},"changes the existing set in place",[153,113235,113236],{},"does not create a separate result set",[34,113238,113240],{"className":36,"code":113239,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,113241,113242,113258,113274,113278,113292,113296],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,113243,113244,113246,113248,113250,113252,113254,113256],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,113245,1178],{"class":207},[43,113247,212],{"class":211},[43,113249,1649],{"class":53},[43,113251,797],{"class":63},[43,113253,800],{"class":53},[43,113255,803],{"class":63},[43,113257,1667],{"class":53},[43,113259,113260,113262,113264,113266,113268,113270,113272],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,113261,1192],{"class":207},[43,113263,212],{"class":211},[43,113265,1649],{"class":53},[43,113267,447],{"class":63},[43,113269,800],{"class":53},[43,113271,808],{"class":63},[43,113273,1667],{"class":53},[43,113275,113276],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,113277,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,113279,113280,113282,113284,113286,113288,113290],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,113281,189],{"class":207},[43,113283,315],{"class":53},[43,113285,30785],{"class":236},[43,113287,54],{"class":53},[43,113289,1231],{"class":236},[43,113291,227],{"class":53},[43,113293,113294],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,113295,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,113297,113298,113300,113302,113304,113306],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,113299,50],{"class":49},[43,113301,54],{"class":53},[43,113303,189],{"class":236},[43,113305,1221],{"class":53},[43,113307,112299],{"class":3984},[14,113309,133,113310,113312],{},[18,113311,102861],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[14,113314,113315,113316,315],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[189,113317,3894,113318,11055],{"href":98581},[18,113319,97376],{},[29,113321,4842],{"id":4841},[402,113323,8773,113325,113327],{"id":113324},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[18,113326,102861],{}," to change the original set",[14,113329,81886],{},[34,113331,113333],{"className":36,"code":113332,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,113334,113335,113351,113367,113371,113385],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,113336,113337,113339,113341,113343,113345,113347,113349],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,113338,1178],{"class":207},[43,113340,212],{"class":211},[43,113342,1649],{"class":53},[43,113344,797],{"class":63},[43,113346,800],{"class":53},[43,113348,803],{"class":63},[43,113350,1667],{"class":53},[43,113352,113353,113355,113357,113359,113361,113363,113365],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,113354,1192],{"class":207},[43,113356,212],{"class":211},[43,113358,1649],{"class":53},[43,113360,447],{"class":63},[43,113362,800],{"class":53},[43,113364,808],{"class":63},[43,113366,1667],{"class":53},[43,113368,113369],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,113370,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,113372,113373,113375,113377,113379,113381,113383],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,113374,189],{"class":207},[43,113376,315],{"class":53},[43,113378,111331],{"class":236},[43,113380,54],{"class":53},[43,113382,1231],{"class":236},[43,113384,227],{"class":53},[43,113386,113387,113389,113391,113393],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,113388,50],{"class":49},[43,113390,54],{"class":53},[43,113392,189],{"class":236},[43,113394,227],{"class":53},[14,113396,110],{},[34,113398,113399],{"className":36,"code":100569,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,113400,113401],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,113402,113403,113405,113407,113409,113411],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,113404,9594],{"class":53},[43,113406,797],{"class":63},[43,113408,800],{"class":53},[43,113410,803],{"class":63},[43,113412,1667],{"class":53},[14,113414,8816,113415,113417],{},[18,113416,102861],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[14,113419,113420],{},"Fix it like this:",[34,113422,113424],{"className":36,"code":113423,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,113425,113426,113442,113458,113462,113480],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,113427,113428,113430,113432,113434,113436,113438,113440],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,113429,1178],{"class":207},[43,113431,212],{"class":211},[43,113433,1649],{"class":53},[43,113435,797],{"class":63},[43,113437,800],{"class":53},[43,113439,803],{"class":63},[43,113441,1667],{"class":53},[43,113443,113444,113446,113448,113450,113452,113454,113456],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,113445,1192],{"class":207},[43,113447,212],{"class":211},[43,113449,1649],{"class":53},[43,113451,447],{"class":63},[43,113453,800],{"class":53},[43,113455,808],{"class":63},[43,113457,1667],{"class":53},[43,113459,113460],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,113461,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,113463,113464,113466,113468,113470,113472,113474,113476,113478],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,113465,1178],{"class":207},[43,113467,212],{"class":211},[43,113469,56944],{"class":207},[43,113471,315],{"class":53},[43,113473,111331],{"class":236},[43,113475,54],{"class":53},[43,113477,1231],{"class":236},[43,113479,227],{"class":53},[43,113481,113482,113484,113486,113488],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,113483,50],{"class":49},[43,113485,54],{"class":53},[43,113487,189],{"class":236},[43,113489,227],{"class":53},[402,113491,113493],{"id":113492},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[14,113495,113496],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[34,113498,113500],{"className":36,"code":113499,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[18,113501,113502,113518,113534,113538],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,113503,113504,113506,113508,113510,113512,113514,113516],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,113505,1178],{"class":207},[43,113507,212],{"class":211},[43,113509,1649],{"class":53},[43,113511,2409],{"class":63},[43,113513,800],{"class":53},[43,113515,5823],{"class":63},[43,113517,1667],{"class":53},[43,113519,113520,113522,113524,113526,113528,113530,113532],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,113521,1192],{"class":207},[43,113523,212],{"class":211},[43,113525,1649],{"class":53},[43,113527,447],{"class":63},[43,113529,800],{"class":53},[43,113531,2789],{"class":63},[43,113533,1667],{"class":53},[43,113535,113536],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,113537,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,113539,113540,113542,113544,113546,113548,113550,113552,113554],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,113541,50],{"class":49},[43,113543,54],{"class":53},[43,113545,189],{"class":236},[43,113547,315],{"class":53},[43,113549,111331],{"class":236},[43,113551,54],{"class":53},[43,113553,1231],{"class":236},[43,113555,67],{"class":53},[14,113557,113558],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[402,113560,113562],{"id":113561},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[34,113564,113566],{"className":36,"code":113565,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,113567,113568,113584,113606],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,113569,113570,113572,113574,113576,113578,113580,113582],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,113571,4392],{"class":207},[43,113573,212],{"class":211},[43,113575,1649],{"class":53},[43,113577,82],{"class":81},[43,113579,58184],{"class":85},[43,113581,82],{"class":81},[43,113583,1667],{"class":53},[43,113585,113586,113588,113590,113592,113594,113596,113598,113600,113602,113604],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,113587,1282],{"class":207},[43,113589,212],{"class":211},[43,113591,6495],{"class":207},[43,113593,315],{"class":53},[43,113595,111331],{"class":236},[43,113597,54],{"class":53},[43,113599,82],{"class":81},[43,113601,37372],{"class":85},[43,113603,82],{"class":81},[43,113605,227],{"class":53},[43,113607,113608,113610,113612,113614],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,113609,50],{"class":49},[43,113611,54],{"class":53},[43,113613,1306],{"class":236},[43,113615,227],{"class":53},[14,113617,113618,113619,2534,113621,17395,113623,113625,113626,113628],{},"This adds ",[18,113620,66540],{},[18,113622,18418],{},[18,113624,113114],{}," as separate items, not ",[18,113627,113098],{}," as one item.",[14,113630,113631],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[34,113633,113635],{"className":36,"code":113634,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[18,113636,113637,113653,113675],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,113638,113639,113641,113643,113645,113647,113649,113651],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,113640,4392],{"class":207},[43,113642,212],{"class":211},[43,113644,1649],{"class":53},[43,113646,82],{"class":81},[43,113648,58184],{"class":85},[43,113650,82],{"class":81},[43,113652,1667],{"class":53},[43,113654,113655,113657,113659,113661,113663,113665,113667,113669,113671,113673],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,113656,1282],{"class":207},[43,113658,212],{"class":211},[43,113660,6495],{"class":207},[43,113662,315],{"class":53},[43,113664,111331],{"class":236},[43,113666,794],{"class":53},[43,113668,82],{"class":81},[43,113670,37372],{"class":85},[43,113672,82],{"class":81},[43,113674,4209],{"class":53},[43,113676,113677,113679,113681,113683],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,113678,50],{"class":49},[43,113680,54],{"class":53},[43,113682,1306],{"class":236},[43,113684,227],{"class":53},[402,113686,113688],{"id":113687},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[14,113690,3167],{},[34,113692,113694],{"className":36,"code":113693,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[18,113695,113696],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,113697,113698,113700,113702,113704,113706,113708,113710,113712,113714,113716,113718,113720],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,113699,15950],{"class":207},[43,113701,212],{"class":211},[43,113703,1649],{"class":53},[43,113705,797],{"class":63},[43,113707,800],{"class":53},[43,113709,803],{"class":63},[43,113711,800],{"class":53},[43,113713,3942],{"class":53},[43,113715,2409],{"class":63},[43,113717,800],{"class":53},[43,113719,2789],{"class":63},[43,113721,14027],{"class":53},[14,113723,113724],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[14,113726,113727,113728,325],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[18,113729,102861],{},[34,113731,113733],{"className":36,"code":113732,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[18,113734,113735,113751,113773],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,113736,113737,113739,113741,113743,113745,113747,113749],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,113738,15950],{"class":207},[43,113740,212],{"class":211},[43,113742,1649],{"class":53},[43,113744,797],{"class":63},[43,113746,800],{"class":53},[43,113748,803],{"class":63},[43,113750,1667],{"class":53},[43,113752,113753,113755,113757,113759,113761,113763,113765,113767,113769,113771],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,113754,1282],{"class":207},[43,113756,212],{"class":211},[43,113758,96986],{"class":207},[43,113760,315],{"class":53},[43,113762,111331],{"class":236},[43,113764,794],{"class":53},[43,113766,2409],{"class":63},[43,113768,800],{"class":53},[43,113770,2789],{"class":63},[43,113772,4209],{"class":53},[43,113774,113775,113777,113779,113781],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,113776,50],{"class":49},[43,113778,54],{"class":53},[43,113780,1306],{"class":236},[43,113782,227],{"class":53},[29,113784,113786],{"id":113785},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[14,113788,113789],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[150,113791,113792,113798,113805,113808],{},[153,113793,113794,113795,113797],{},"call ",[18,113796,102861],{}," without saving the returned set",[153,113799,113800,113801,9023,113803],{},"confuse ",[18,113802,102861],{},[18,113804,15276],{},[153,113806,113807],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[153,113809,113810],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[14,113812,113813,113814,895,113818,315],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[189,113815,3894,113816,11055],{"href":102850},[18,113817,106635],{},[189,113819,3894,113821,11055],{"href":113820},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[18,113822,100481],{},[14,113824,62353],{},[34,113826,113828],{"className":36,"code":113827,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[18,113829,113830,113840,113854,113864],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,113831,113832,113834,113836,113838],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,113833,50],{"class":49},[43,113835,54],{"class":53},[43,113837,15988],{"class":236},[43,113839,227],{"class":53},[43,113841,113842,113844,113846,113848,113850,113852],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,113843,50],{"class":49},[43,113845,54],{"class":53},[43,113847,248],{"class":57},[43,113849,54],{"class":53},[43,113851,15988],{"class":236},[43,113853,67],{"class":53},[43,113855,113856,113858,113860,113862],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,113857,50],{"class":49},[43,113859,54],{"class":53},[43,113861,1306],{"class":236},[43,113863,227],{"class":53},[43,113865,113866,113868,113870,113872,113874,113876],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,113867,32474],{"class":49},[43,113869,54],{"class":53},[43,113871,6613],{"class":57},[43,113873,315],{"class":53},[43,113875,111331],{"class":25074},[43,113877,227],{"class":53},[29,113879,2162],{"id":2161},[402,113881,13023,113883,102801],{"id":113882},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[18,113884,108105],{},[14,113886,102804],{},[402,113888,5493,113890,113892],{"id":113889},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[18,113891,102861],{}," combine more than two sets?",[14,113894,113895],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[402,113897,28653,113899,113901],{"id":113898},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[18,113900,102861],{}," with a list or tuple?",[14,113903,2215,113904,113906],{},[18,113905,102861],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[402,113908,113910],{"id":113909},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[14,113912,113913],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[402,113915,5503,113917,895,113919,2822],{"id":113916},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[18,113918,102861],{},[18,113920,113921],{},"|",[14,113923,113924,113925,113927,113928,113930],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[18,113926,113921],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[18,113929,102861],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[29,113932,2229],{"id":2228},[150,113934,113935,113939,113945,113951,113957],{},[153,113936,113937],{},[189,113938,96390],{"href":97561},[153,113940,113941],{},[189,113942,3894,113943,11055],{"href":98581},[18,113944,97376],{},[153,113946,113947],{},[189,113948,3894,113949,11055],{"href":102850},[18,113950,106635],{},[153,113952,113953],{},[189,113954,3894,113955,11055],{"href":113820},[18,113956,100481],{},[153,113958,113959],{},[189,113960,100406],{"href":99139},[2262,113962,113963],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":113965},[113966,113967,113969,113970,113971,113972,113974,113980,113985,113992,113993,114004],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":112061,"depth":70,"text":113968},"What set.union() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":22292,"depth":70,"text":22293},{"id":11791,"depth":70,"text":11792},{"id":112548,"depth":70,"text":113973},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112706,"depth":70,"text":113975,"children":113976},"Using union() with other iterables",[113977,113978,113979],{"id":112717,"depth":93,"text":112718},{"id":112837,"depth":93,"text":112838},{"id":112979,"depth":93,"text":112980},{"id":113117,"depth":70,"text":113981,"children":113982},"union() vs update()",[113983,113984],{"id":111331,"depth":93,"text":102861},{"id":30785,"depth":93,"text":15276},{"id":4841,"depth":70,"text":4842,"children":113986},[113987,113989,113990,113991],{"id":113324,"depth":93,"text":113988},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113492,"depth":93,"text":113493},{"id":113561,"depth":93,"text":113562},{"id":113687,"depth":93,"text":113688},{"id":113785,"depth":70,"text":113786},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":113994},[113995,113997,113999,114001,114002],{"id":113882,"depth":93,"text":113996},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113889,"depth":93,"text":113998},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113898,"depth":93,"text":114000},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113909,"depth":93,"text":113910},{"id":113916,"depth":93,"text":114003},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111941,"description":114005},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":114011,"title":114012,"body":114013,"description":115902,"extension":2312,"meta":115903,"navigation":958,"path":96875,"seo":115904,"stem":115905,"__hash__":115906},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114014,"toc":115868},[114015,114020,114025,114033,114035,114093,114098,114103,114107,114119,114122,114196,114201,114203,114205,114224,114226,114243,114246,114273,114275,114345,114349,114351,114357,114359,114420,114425,114427,114484,114488,114493,114558,114560,114580,114587,114591,114596,114681,114684,114691,114794,114798,114803,114861,114864,114875,114889,114896,114954,114961,114964,114974,114978,115036,115040,115106,115109,115167,115174,115181,115184,115188,115197,115266,115270,115276,115364,115374,115378,115382,115386,115389,115450,115455,115512,115516,115518,115553,115560,115562,115616,115623,115627,115630,115695,115704,115710,115767,115769,115774,115778,115782,115785,115792,115800,115804,115809,115813,115819,115821,115856,115865],[10,114016,96262,114018,11638],{"id":114017},"python-set-update-method",[18,114019,15276],{},[14,114021,114022,114024],{},[18,114023,97376],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[14,114026,114027,114028,114032],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[189,114029,114030],{"href":98562},[18,114031,96270],{},", which adds only one item.",[29,114034,3927],{"id":3926},[34,114036,114038],{"className":36,"code":114037,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,114039,114040,114056,114078,114088],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,114041,114042,114044,114046,114048,114050,114052,114054],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,114043,3937],{"class":207},[43,114045,212],{"class":211},[43,114047,1649],{"class":53},[43,114049,797],{"class":63},[43,114051,800],{"class":53},[43,114053,803],{"class":63},[43,114055,1667],{"class":53},[43,114057,114058,114060,114062,114064,114066,114068,114070,114072,114074,114076],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,114059,3969],{"class":207},[43,114061,315],{"class":53},[43,114063,30785],{"class":236},[43,114065,794],{"class":53},[43,114067,447],{"class":63},[43,114069,800],{"class":53},[43,114071,808],{"class":63},[43,114073,800],{"class":53},[43,114075,2789],{"class":63},[43,114077,4209],{"class":53},[43,114079,114080,114082,114084,114086],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,114081,50],{"class":49},[43,114083,54],{"class":53},[43,114085,3969],{"class":236},[43,114087,227],{"class":53},[43,114089,114090],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,114091,114092],{"class":3984},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[14,114094,133,114095,114097],{},[18,114096,15276],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[29,114099,3998,114101,4001],{"id":114100},"what-setupdate-does",[18,114102,97376],{},[14,114104,114105,325],{},[18,114106,97376],{},[150,114108,114109,114112,114114,114117],{},[153,114110,114111],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[153,114113,96377],{},[153,114115,114116],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[153,114118,96380],{},[14,114120,114121],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[34,114123,114125],{"className":36,"code":114124,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[18,114126,114127,114151,114177,114181,114191],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,114128,114129,114131,114133,114135,114137,114139,114141,114143,114145,114147,114149],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,114130,13396],{"class":207},[43,114132,212],{"class":211},[43,114134,1649],{"class":53},[43,114136,82],{"class":81},[43,114138,13413],{"class":85},[43,114140,82],{"class":81},[43,114142,800],{"class":53},[43,114144,932],{"class":81},[43,114146,13430],{"class":85},[43,114148,82],{"class":81},[43,114150,1667],{"class":53},[43,114152,114153,114155,114157,114159,114161,114163,114165,114167,114169,114171,114173,114175],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,114154,17824],{"class":207},[43,114156,315],{"class":53},[43,114158,30785],{"class":236},[43,114160,794],{"class":53},[43,114162,82],{"class":81},[43,114164,13430],{"class":85},[43,114166,82],{"class":81},[43,114168,800],{"class":53},[43,114170,932],{"class":81},[43,114172,17777],{"class":85},[43,114174,82],{"class":81},[43,114176,4209],{"class":53},[43,114178,114179],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,114180,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,114182,114183,114185,114187,114189],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,114184,50],{"class":49},[43,114186,54],{"class":53},[43,114188,17824],{"class":236},[43,114190,227],{"class":53},[43,114192,114193],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,114194,114195],{"class":3984},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[14,114197,21301,114198,114200],{},[18,114199,111096],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[29,114202,290],{"id":289},[14,114204,293],{},[34,114206,114208],{"className":36,"code":114207,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[18,114209,114210],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,114211,114212,114214,114216,114218,114220,114222],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,114213,15988],{"class":207},[43,114215,315],{"class":53},[43,114217,30785],{"class":236},[43,114219,54],{"class":53},[43,114221,4042],{"class":236},[43,114223,227],{"class":53},[14,114225,80262],{},[150,114227,114228,114231,114234,114237,114240],{},[153,114229,114230],{},"A list",[153,114232,114233],{},"A tuple",[153,114235,114236],{},"Another set",[153,114238,114239],{},"A string",[153,114241,114242],{},"Any other iterable",[14,114244,114245],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[34,114247,114249],{"className":36,"code":114248,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[18,114250,114251],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,114252,114253,114255,114257,114259,114261,114263,114265,114267,114269,114271],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,114254,15988],{"class":207},[43,114256,315],{"class":53},[43,114258,30785],{"class":236},[43,114260,54],{"class":53},[43,114262,189],{"class":236},[43,114264,800],{"class":53},[43,114266,2889],{"class":236},[43,114268,800],{"class":53},[43,114270,9997],{"class":236},[43,114272,227],{"class":53},[14,114274,197],{},[34,114276,114278],{"className":36,"code":114277,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[18,114279,114280,114292,114326,114330,114340],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,114281,114282,114284,114286,114288,114290],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,114283,4144],{"class":207},[43,114285,212],{"class":211},[43,114287,1649],{"class":53},[43,114289,797],{"class":63},[43,114291,1667],{"class":53},[43,114293,114294,114296,114298,114300,114302,114304,114306,114308,114310,114312,114314,114316,114318,114320,114322,114324],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,114295,5683],{"class":207},[43,114297,315],{"class":53},[43,114299,30785],{"class":236},[43,114301,794],{"class":53},[43,114303,447],{"class":63},[43,114305,800],{"class":53},[43,114307,808],{"class":63},[43,114309,18384],{"class":53},[43,114311,9552],{"class":53},[43,114313,2835],{"class":63},[43,114315,800],{"class":53},[43,114317,4929],{"class":63},[43,114319,9549],{"class":53},[43,114321,1649],{"class":53},[43,114323,80653],{"class":63},[43,114325,30817],{"class":53},[43,114327,114328],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,114329,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,114331,114332,114334,114336,114338],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,114333,50],{"class":49},[43,114335,54],{"class":53},[43,114337,5683],{"class":236},[43,114339,227],{"class":53},[43,114341,114342],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,114343,114344],{"class":3984},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[14,114346,96386,114347,315],{},[189,114348,96394],{"href":97945},[29,114350,22293],{"id":22292},[14,114352,114353,2733,114355,315],{},[18,114354,97376],{},[18,114356,4099],{},[14,114358,12032],{},[34,114360,114362],{"className":36,"code":114361,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,114363,114364,114380,114402,114406,114416],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,114365,114366,114368,114370,114372,114374,114376,114378],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,114367,3937],{"class":207},[43,114369,212],{"class":211},[43,114371,1649],{"class":53},[43,114373,797],{"class":63},[43,114375,800],{"class":53},[43,114377,803],{"class":63},[43,114379,1667],{"class":53},[43,114381,114382,114384,114386,114388,114390,114392,114394,114396,114398,114400],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,114383,1282],{"class":207},[43,114385,212],{"class":211},[43,114387,4586],{"class":207},[43,114389,315],{"class":53},[43,114391,30785],{"class":236},[43,114393,794],{"class":53},[43,114395,2409],{"class":63},[43,114397,800],{"class":53},[43,114399,2789],{"class":63},[43,114401,4209],{"class":53},[43,114403,114404],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,114405,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,114407,114408,114410,114412,114414],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,114409,50],{"class":49},[43,114411,54],{"class":53},[43,114413,1306],{"class":236},[43,114415,227],{"class":53},[43,114417,114418],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,114419,61889],{"class":3984},[14,114421,114422,114423,315],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[18,114424,1306],{},[14,114426,19291],{},[34,114428,114430],{"className":36,"code":114429,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,114431,114432,114448,114466,114470,114480],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,114433,114434,114436,114438,114440,114442,114444,114446],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,114435,3937],{"class":207},[43,114437,212],{"class":211},[43,114439,1649],{"class":53},[43,114441,797],{"class":63},[43,114443,800],{"class":53},[43,114445,803],{"class":63},[43,114447,1667],{"class":53},[43,114449,114450,114452,114454,114456,114458,114460,114462,114464],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,114451,3969],{"class":207},[43,114453,315],{"class":53},[43,114455,30785],{"class":236},[43,114457,794],{"class":53},[43,114459,2409],{"class":63},[43,114461,800],{"class":53},[43,114463,2789],{"class":63},[43,114465,4209],{"class":53},[43,114467,114468],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,114469,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,114471,114472,114474,114476,114478],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,114473,50],{"class":49},[43,114475,54],{"class":53},[43,114477,3969],{"class":236},[43,114479,227],{"class":53},[43,114481,114482],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,114483,114092],{"class":3984},[29,114485,114487],{"id":114486},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[14,114489,114490,114491,315],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[18,114492,15276],{},[34,114494,114496],{"className":36,"code":114495,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,114497,114498,114514,114540,114544,114554],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,114499,114500,114502,114504,114506,114508,114510,114512],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,114501,3937],{"class":207},[43,114503,212],{"class":211},[43,114505,1649],{"class":53},[43,114507,797],{"class":63},[43,114509,800],{"class":53},[43,114511,803],{"class":63},[43,114513,1667],{"class":53},[43,114515,114516,114518,114520,114522,114524,114526,114528,114530,114532,114534,114536,114538],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,114517,3969],{"class":207},[43,114519,315],{"class":53},[43,114521,30785],{"class":236},[43,114523,794],{"class":53},[43,114525,447],{"class":63},[43,114527,800],{"class":53},[43,114529,808],{"class":63},[43,114531,800],{"class":53},[43,114533,2789],{"class":63},[43,114535,800],{"class":53},[43,114537,2789],{"class":63},[43,114539,4209],{"class":53},[43,114541,114542],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,114543,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,114545,114546,114548,114550,114552],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,114547,50],{"class":49},[43,114549,54],{"class":53},[43,114551,3969],{"class":236},[43,114553,227],{"class":53},[43,114555,114556],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,114557,114092],{"class":3984},[14,114559,12001],{},[150,114561,114562,114567,114574],{},[153,114563,114564,114566],{},[18,114565,447],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[153,114568,114569,895,114571,114573],{},[18,114570,2409],{},[18,114572,2835],{}," are added",[153,114575,114576,114577,114579],{},"The second ",[18,114578,2835],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[14,114581,114582,114583,114586],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[189,114584,114585],{"href":99139},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[29,114588,114590],{"id":114589},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[14,114592,8087,114593,114595],{},[18,114594,15276],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[34,114597,114599],{"className":36,"code":114598,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,114600,114601,114622,114643,114647,114663,114667,114677],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,114602,114603,114606,114608,114610,114612,114614,114616,114618,114620],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,114604,114605],{"class":207},"set_a ",[43,114607,212],{"class":211},[43,114609,1649],{"class":53},[43,114611,797],{"class":63},[43,114613,800],{"class":53},[43,114615,803],{"class":63},[43,114617,800],{"class":53},[43,114619,808],{"class":63},[43,114621,1667],{"class":53},[43,114623,114624,114627,114629,114631,114633,114635,114637,114639,114641],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,114625,114626],{"class":207},"set_b ",[43,114628,212],{"class":211},[43,114630,1649],{"class":53},[43,114632,2409],{"class":63},[43,114634,800],{"class":53},[43,114636,2789],{"class":63},[43,114638,800],{"class":53},[43,114640,4929],{"class":63},[43,114642,1667],{"class":53},[43,114644,114645],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,114646,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,114648,114649,114652,114654,114656,114658,114661],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,114650,114651],{"class":207},"set_a",[43,114653,315],{"class":53},[43,114655,30785],{"class":236},[43,114657,54],{"class":53},[43,114659,114660],{"class":236},"set_b",[43,114662,227],{"class":53},[43,114664,114665],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,114666,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,114668,114669,114671,114673,114675],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,114670,50],{"class":49},[43,114672,54],{"class":53},[43,114674,114651],{"class":236},[43,114676,227],{"class":53},[43,114678,114679],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,114680,112053],{"class":3984},[14,114682,114683],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[14,114685,114686,114687,315],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[189,114688,114689],{"href":102858},[18,114690,108105],{},[34,114692,114694],{"className":36,"code":114693,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,114695,114696,114716,114736,114740,114760,114764,114775,114779,114789],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,114697,114698,114700,114702,114704,114706,114708,114710,114712,114714],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,114699,114605],{"class":207},[43,114701,212],{"class":211},[43,114703,1649],{"class":53},[43,114705,797],{"class":63},[43,114707,800],{"class":53},[43,114709,803],{"class":63},[43,114711,800],{"class":53},[43,114713,808],{"class":63},[43,114715,1667],{"class":53},[43,114717,114718,114720,114722,114724,114726,114728,114730,114732,114734],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,114719,114626],{"class":207},[43,114721,212],{"class":211},[43,114723,1649],{"class":53},[43,114725,2409],{"class":63},[43,114727,800],{"class":53},[43,114729,2789],{"class":63},[43,114731,800],{"class":53},[43,114733,4929],{"class":63},[43,114735,1667],{"class":53},[43,114737,114738],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,114739,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,114741,114742,114745,114747,114750,114752,114754,114756,114758],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,114743,114744],{"class":207},"combined ",[43,114746,212],{"class":211},[43,114748,114749],{"class":207}," set_a",[43,114751,315],{"class":53},[43,114753,111331],{"class":236},[43,114755,54],{"class":53},[43,114757,114660],{"class":236},[43,114759,227],{"class":53},[43,114761,114762],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,114763,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,114765,114766,114768,114770,114773],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,114767,50],{"class":49},[43,114769,54],{"class":53},[43,114771,114772],{"class":236},"combined",[43,114774,227],{"class":53},[43,114776,114777],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,114778,112053],{"class":3984},[43,114780,114781,114783,114785,114787],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,114782,50],{"class":49},[43,114784,54],{"class":53},[43,114786,114651],{"class":236},[43,114788,227],{"class":53},[43,114790,114791],{"class":45,"line":6756},[43,114792,114793],{"class":3984},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[29,114795,114797],{"id":114796},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[14,114799,64798,114800,114802],{},[18,114801,15276],{}," adds each character separately.",[34,114804,114806],{"className":36,"code":114805,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[18,114807,114808,114824,114842,114846,114856],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,114809,114810,114812,114814,114816,114818,114820,114822],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,114811,36414],{"class":207},[43,114813,212],{"class":211},[43,114815,1649],{"class":53},[43,114817,82],{"class":81},[43,114819,2519],{"class":85},[43,114821,82],{"class":81},[43,114823,1667],{"class":53},[43,114825,114826,114828,114830,114832,114834,114836,114838,114840],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,114827,36467],{"class":207},[43,114829,315],{"class":53},[43,114831,30785],{"class":236},[43,114833,54],{"class":53},[43,114835,82],{"class":81},[43,114837,37372],{"class":85},[43,114839,82],{"class":81},[43,114841,227],{"class":53},[43,114843,114844],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,114845,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,114847,114848,114850,114852,114854],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,114849,50],{"class":49},[43,114851,54],{"class":53},[43,114853,36467],{"class":236},[43,114855,227],{"class":53},[43,114857,114858],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,114859,114860],{"class":3984},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[14,114862,114863],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[14,114865,114866,14375,114869,114871,114872,114874],{},[18,114867,114868],{},"update(\"cat\")",[913,114870,734],{}," add ",[18,114873,113098],{}," as one item. It adds:",[150,114876,114877,114881,114885],{},[153,114878,114879],{},[18,114880,66540],{},[153,114882,114883],{},[18,114884,18418],{},[153,114886,114887],{},[18,114888,113114],{},[14,114890,114891,114892,325],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[189,114893,114894],{"href":98562},[18,114895,96270],{},[34,114897,114899],{"className":36,"code":114898,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[18,114900,114901,114917,114935,114939,114949],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,114902,114903,114905,114907,114909,114911,114913,114915],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,114904,4392],{"class":207},[43,114906,212],{"class":211},[43,114908,1649],{"class":53},[43,114910,82],{"class":81},[43,114912,58184],{"class":85},[43,114914,82],{"class":81},[43,114916,1667],{"class":53},[43,114918,114919,114921,114923,114925,114927,114929,114931,114933],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,114920,4436],{"class":207},[43,114922,315],{"class":53},[43,114924,82165],{"class":236},[43,114926,54],{"class":53},[43,114928,82],{"class":81},[43,114930,37372],{"class":85},[43,114932,82],{"class":81},[43,114934,227],{"class":53},[43,114936,114937],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,114938,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,114940,114941,114943,114945,114947],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,114942,50],{"class":49},[43,114944,54],{"class":53},[43,114946,4436],{"class":236},[43,114948,227],{"class":53},[43,114950,114951],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,114952,114953],{"class":3984},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[29,114955,114957,10901,114959],{"id":114956},"update-vs-add",[18,114958,15276],{},[18,114960,96265],{},[14,114962,114963],{},"The difference is simple:",[150,114965,114966,114970],{},[153,114967,114968,96864],{},[18,114969,96265],{},[153,114971,114972,96869],{},[18,114973,15276],{},[14,114975,46093,114976,325],{},[18,114977,96265],{},[34,114979,114981],{"className":36,"code":114980,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[18,114982,114983,114999,115017,115021,115031],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,114984,114985,114987,114989,114991,114993,114995,114997],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,114986,36563],{"class":207},[43,114988,212],{"class":211},[43,114990,1649],{"class":53},[43,114992,82],{"class":81},[43,114994,4401],{"class":85},[43,114996,82],{"class":81},[43,114998,1667],{"class":53},[43,115000,115001,115003,115005,115007,115009,115011,115013,115015],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,115002,36615],{"class":207},[43,115004,315],{"class":53},[43,115006,82165],{"class":236},[43,115008,54],{"class":53},[43,115010,82],{"class":81},[43,115012,4410],{"class":85},[43,115014,82],{"class":81},[43,115016,227],{"class":53},[43,115018,115019],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,115020,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,115022,115023,115025,115027,115029],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,115024,50],{"class":49},[43,115026,54],{"class":53},[43,115028,36615],{"class":236},[43,115030,227],{"class":53},[43,115032,115033],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,115034,115035],{"class":3984},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[14,115037,46093,115038,325],{},[18,115039,15276],{},[34,115041,115043],{"className":36,"code":115042,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[18,115044,115045,115061,115087,115091,115101],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,115046,115047,115049,115051,115053,115055,115057,115059],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,115048,36563],{"class":207},[43,115050,212],{"class":211},[43,115052,1649],{"class":53},[43,115054,82],{"class":81},[43,115056,4401],{"class":85},[43,115058,82],{"class":81},[43,115060,1667],{"class":53},[43,115062,115063,115065,115067,115069,115071,115073,115075,115077,115079,115081,115083,115085],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,115064,36615],{"class":207},[43,115066,315],{"class":53},[43,115068,30785],{"class":236},[43,115070,794],{"class":53},[43,115072,82],{"class":81},[43,115074,4410],{"class":85},[43,115076,82],{"class":81},[43,115078,800],{"class":53},[43,115080,932],{"class":81},[43,115082,33543],{"class":85},[43,115084,82],{"class":81},[43,115086,4209],{"class":53},[43,115088,115089],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,115090,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,115092,115093,115095,115097,115099],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,115094,50],{"class":49},[43,115096,54],{"class":53},[43,115098,36615],{"class":236},[43,115100,227],{"class":53},[43,115102,115103],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,115104,115105],{"class":3984},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[14,115107,115108],{},"Important warning with strings:",[34,115110,115112],{"className":36,"code":115111,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[18,115113,115114,115130,115148,115152,115162],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,115115,115116,115118,115120,115122,115124,115126,115128],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,115117,36563],{"class":207},[43,115119,212],{"class":211},[43,115121,1649],{"class":53},[43,115123,82],{"class":81},[43,115125,4401],{"class":85},[43,115127,82],{"class":81},[43,115129,1667],{"class":53},[43,115131,115132,115134,115136,115138,115140,115142,115144,115146],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,115133,36615],{"class":207},[43,115135,315],{"class":53},[43,115137,30785],{"class":236},[43,115139,54],{"class":53},[43,115141,82],{"class":81},[43,115143,38667],{"class":85},[43,115145,82],{"class":81},[43,115147,227],{"class":53},[43,115149,115150],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,115151,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,115153,115154,115156,115158,115160],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,115155,50],{"class":49},[43,115157,54],{"class":53},[43,115159,36615],{"class":236},[43,115161,227],{"class":53},[43,115163,115164],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,115165,115166],{"class":3984},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[14,115168,62164,115169,62237,115172,6956],{},[18,115170,115171],{},"\"kiwi\"",[18,115173,96265],{},[29,115175,115177,10901,115179],{"id":115176},"update-vs-union",[18,115178,15276],{},[18,115180,102861],{},[14,115182,115183],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[402,115185,115186],{"id":30785},[18,115187,15276],{},[150,115189,115190,115193],{},[153,115191,115192],{},"Changes the existing set",[153,115194,11740,115195],{},[18,115196,4099],{},[34,115198,115200],{"className":36,"code":115199,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,115201,115202,115218,115234,115238,115252,115262],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,115203,115204,115206,115208,115210,115212,115214,115216],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,115205,1178],{"class":207},[43,115207,212],{"class":211},[43,115209,1649],{"class":53},[43,115211,797],{"class":63},[43,115213,800],{"class":53},[43,115215,803],{"class":63},[43,115217,1667],{"class":53},[43,115219,115220,115222,115224,115226,115228,115230,115232],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,115221,1192],{"class":207},[43,115223,212],{"class":211},[43,115225,1649],{"class":53},[43,115227,447],{"class":63},[43,115229,800],{"class":53},[43,115231,808],{"class":63},[43,115233,1667],{"class":53},[43,115235,115236],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,115237,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,115239,115240,115242,115244,115246,115248,115250],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,115241,189],{"class":207},[43,115243,315],{"class":53},[43,115245,30785],{"class":236},[43,115247,54],{"class":53},[43,115249,1231],{"class":236},[43,115251,227],{"class":53},[43,115253,115254,115256,115258,115260],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,115255,50],{"class":49},[43,115257,54],{"class":53},[43,115259,189],{"class":236},[43,115261,227],{"class":53},[43,115263,115264],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,115265,114793],{"class":3984},[402,115267,115268],{"id":111331},[18,115269,102861],{},[150,115271,115272,115274],{},[153,115273,101399],{},[153,115275,101402],{},[34,115277,115279],{"className":36,"code":115278,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[18,115280,115281,115297,115313,115317,115335,115345,115349,115359],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,115282,115283,115285,115287,115289,115291,115293,115295],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,115284,1178],{"class":207},[43,115286,212],{"class":211},[43,115288,1649],{"class":53},[43,115290,797],{"class":63},[43,115292,800],{"class":53},[43,115294,803],{"class":63},[43,115296,1667],{"class":53},[43,115298,115299,115301,115303,115305,115307,115309,115311],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,115300,1192],{"class":207},[43,115302,212],{"class":211},[43,115304,1649],{"class":53},[43,115306,447],{"class":63},[43,115308,800],{"class":53},[43,115310,808],{"class":63},[43,115312,1667],{"class":53},[43,115314,115315],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,115316,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,115318,115319,115321,115323,115325,115327,115329,115331,115333],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,115320,83245],{"class":207},[43,115322,212],{"class":211},[43,115324,56944],{"class":207},[43,115326,315],{"class":53},[43,115328,111331],{"class":236},[43,115330,54],{"class":53},[43,115332,1231],{"class":236},[43,115334,227],{"class":53},[43,115336,115337,115339,115341,115343],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,115338,50],{"class":49},[43,115340,54],{"class":53},[43,115342,10055],{"class":236},[43,115344,227],{"class":53},[43,115346,115347],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,115348,114793],{"class":3984},[43,115350,115351,115353,115355,115357],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,115352,50],{"class":49},[43,115354,54],{"class":53},[43,115356,189],{"class":236},[43,115358,227],{"class":53},[43,115360,115361],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,115362,115363],{"class":3984},"# {1, 2}\n",[14,115365,107747,115366,115368,115369,115373],{},[18,115367,15276],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[189,115370,115371],{"href":102858},[18,115372,102861],{}," when you want a new set.",[29,115375,115377],{"id":115376},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[14,115379,11062,115380,315],{},[18,115381,97376],{},[402,115383,115385],{"id":115384},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[14,115387,115388],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[34,115390,115392],{"className":36,"code":115391,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,115393,115394,115410,115432,115436,115446],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,115395,115396,115398,115400,115402,115404,115406,115408],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,115397,15950],{"class":207},[43,115399,212],{"class":211},[43,115401,1649],{"class":53},[43,115403,797],{"class":63},[43,115405,800],{"class":53},[43,115407,803],{"class":63},[43,115409,1667],{"class":53},[43,115411,115412,115414,115416,115418,115420,115422,115424,115426,115428,115430],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,115413,1282],{"class":207},[43,115415,212],{"class":211},[43,115417,96986],{"class":207},[43,115419,315],{"class":53},[43,115421,30785],{"class":236},[43,115423,794],{"class":53},[43,115425,2409],{"class":63},[43,115427,800],{"class":53},[43,115429,2789],{"class":63},[43,115431,4209],{"class":53},[43,115433,115434],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,115435,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,115437,115438,115440,115442,115444],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,115439,50],{"class":49},[43,115441,54],{"class":53},[43,115443,1306],{"class":236},[43,115445,227],{"class":53},[43,115447,115448],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,115449,61889],{"class":3984},[14,115451,115452,115453,325],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[18,115454,15276],{},[34,115456,115458],{"className":36,"code":115457,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,115459,115460,115476,115494,115498,115508],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,115461,115462,115464,115466,115468,115470,115472,115474],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,115463,15950],{"class":207},[43,115465,212],{"class":211},[43,115467,1649],{"class":53},[43,115469,797],{"class":63},[43,115471,800],{"class":53},[43,115473,803],{"class":63},[43,115475,1667],{"class":53},[43,115477,115478,115480,115482,115484,115486,115488,115490,115492],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,115479,15988],{"class":207},[43,115481,315],{"class":53},[43,115483,30785],{"class":236},[43,115485,794],{"class":53},[43,115487,2409],{"class":63},[43,115489,800],{"class":53},[43,115491,2789],{"class":63},[43,115493,4209],{"class":53},[43,115495,115496],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,115497,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,115499,115500,115502,115504,115506],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,115501,50],{"class":49},[43,115503,54],{"class":53},[43,115505,15988],{"class":236},[43,115507,227],{"class":53},[43,115509,115510],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,115511,114092],{"class":3984},[402,115513,115515],{"id":115514},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[14,115517,3167],{},[34,115519,115521],{"className":36,"code":115520,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[18,115522,115523,115539],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,115524,115525,115527,115529,115531,115533,115535,115537],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,115526,15950],{"class":207},[43,115528,212],{"class":211},[43,115530,1649],{"class":53},[43,115532,797],{"class":63},[43,115534,800],{"class":53},[43,115536,803],{"class":63},[43,115538,1667],{"class":53},[43,115540,115541,115543,115545,115547,115549,115551],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,115542,15988],{"class":207},[43,115544,315],{"class":53},[43,115546,30785],{"class":236},[43,115548,54],{"class":53},[43,115550,64],{"class":63},[43,115552,227],{"class":53},[14,115554,62343,115555,2125,115557,115559],{},[18,115556,823],{},[18,115558,64],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[14,115561,6879],{},[34,115563,115565],{"className":36,"code":115564,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[18,115566,115567,115583,115597,115601,115611],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,115568,115569,115571,115573,115575,115577,115579,115581],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,115570,15950],{"class":207},[43,115572,212],{"class":211},[43,115574,1649],{"class":53},[43,115576,797],{"class":63},[43,115578,800],{"class":53},[43,115580,803],{"class":63},[43,115582,1667],{"class":53},[43,115584,115585,115587,115589,115591,115593,115595],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,115586,15988],{"class":207},[43,115588,315],{"class":53},[43,115590,30785],{"class":236},[43,115592,794],{"class":53},[43,115594,64],{"class":63},[43,115596,4209],{"class":53},[43,115598,115599],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,115600,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,115602,115603,115605,115607,115609],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,115604,50],{"class":49},[43,115606,54],{"class":53},[43,115608,15988],{"class":236},[43,115610,227],{"class":53},[43,115612,115613],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,115614,115615],{"class":3984},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[14,115617,45966,115618,315],{},[189,115619,26003,115620],{"href":52655},[18,115621,115622],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[402,115624,115626],{"id":115625},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[14,115628,115629],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[34,115631,115633],{"className":36,"code":115632,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,115634,115635,115651,115677,115681,115691],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,115636,115637,115639,115641,115643,115645,115647,115649],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,115638,15950],{"class":207},[43,115640,212],{"class":211},[43,115642,1649],{"class":53},[43,115644,797],{"class":63},[43,115646,800],{"class":53},[43,115648,803],{"class":63},[43,115650,1667],{"class":53},[43,115652,115653,115655,115657,115659,115661,115663,115665,115667,115669,115671,115673,115675],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,115654,15988],{"class":207},[43,115656,315],{"class":53},[43,115658,30785],{"class":236},[43,115660,794],{"class":53},[43,115662,447],{"class":63},[43,115664,800],{"class":53},[43,115666,803],{"class":63},[43,115668,800],{"class":53},[43,115670,803],{"class":63},[43,115672,800],{"class":53},[43,115674,808],{"class":63},[43,115676,4209],{"class":53},[43,115678,115679],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,115680,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,115682,115683,115685,115687,115689],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,115684,50],{"class":49},[43,115686,54],{"class":53},[43,115688,15988],{"class":236},[43,115690,227],{"class":53},[43,115692,115693],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,115694,114793],{"class":3984},[402,115696,115698,115699,44682,115701,115703],{"id":115697},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[18,115700,15276],{},[18,115702,96265],{}," is better",[14,115705,115706,115707,115709],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[18,115708,96265],{}," is usually the better choice.",[34,115711,115713],{"className":36,"code":115712,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[18,115714,115715,115731,115749,115753,115763],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,115716,115717,115719,115721,115723,115725,115727,115729],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,115718,15950],{"class":207},[43,115720,212],{"class":211},[43,115722,1649],{"class":53},[43,115724,82],{"class":81},[43,115726,58184],{"class":85},[43,115728,82],{"class":81},[43,115730,1667],{"class":53},[43,115732,115733,115735,115737,115739,115741,115743,115745,115747],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,115734,15988],{"class":207},[43,115736,315],{"class":53},[43,115738,82165],{"class":236},[43,115740,54],{"class":53},[43,115742,82],{"class":81},[43,115744,37372],{"class":85},[43,115746,82],{"class":81},[43,115748,227],{"class":53},[43,115750,115751],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,115752,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,115754,115755,115757,115759,115761],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,115756,50],{"class":49},[43,115758,54],{"class":53},[43,115760,15988],{"class":236},[43,115762,227],{"class":53},[43,115764,115765],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,115766,114953],{"class":3984},[29,115768,2162],{"id":2161},[402,115770,13023,115772,97355],{"id":115771},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[18,115773,97376],{},[14,115775,97358,115776,315],{},[18,115777,4099],{},[402,115779,28653,115780,32548],{"id":32545},[18,115781,15276],{},[14,115783,115784],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[402,115786,5503,115788,895,115790,2822],{"id":115787},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[18,115789,96265],{},[18,115791,15276],{},[14,115793,115794,115796,115797,115799],{},[18,115795,96265],{}," adds one item. ",[18,115798,15276],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[402,115801,115803],{"id":115802},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[14,115805,115806,115807,114802],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[18,115808,15276],{},[402,115810,115812],{"id":115811},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[14,115814,133,115815,11407,115817,315],{},[18,115816,102861],{},[18,115818,15276],{},[29,115820,2229],{"id":2228},[150,115822,115823,115830,115837,115843,115849],{},[153,115824,115825],{},[189,115826,115827],{"href":98562},[18,115828,115829],{},"Python set add() method",[153,115831,115832],{},[189,115833,115834],{"href":102858},[18,115835,115836],{},"Python set union() method",[153,115838,115839],{},[189,115840,115841],{"href":97945},[18,115842,97400],{},[153,115844,115845],{},[189,115846,115847],{"href":99139},[18,115848,100406],{},[153,115850,115851],{},[189,115852,115853,115855],{"href":52655},[18,115854,115622],{}," fix",[14,115857,115858,115859,115861,115862,115864],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[18,115860,96270],{}," for a single value and ",[18,115863,108105],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2262,115866,115867],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":115869},[115870,115871,115873,115874,115875,115876,115877,115878,115880,115885,115892,115901],{"id":3926,"depth":70,"text":3927},{"id":114100,"depth":70,"text":115872},"What set.update() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":22292,"depth":70,"text":22293},{"id":114486,"depth":70,"text":114487},{"id":114589,"depth":70,"text":114590},{"id":114796,"depth":70,"text":114797},{"id":114956,"depth":70,"text":115879},"update() vs add()",{"id":115176,"depth":70,"text":115881,"children":115882},"update() vs union()",[115883,115884],{"id":30785,"depth":93,"text":15276},{"id":111331,"depth":93,"text":102861},{"id":115376,"depth":70,"text":115377,"children":115886},[115887,115888,115889,115890],{"id":115384,"depth":93,"text":115385},{"id":115514,"depth":93,"text":115515},{"id":115625,"depth":93,"text":115626},{"id":115697,"depth":93,"text":115891},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":115893},[115894,115896,115897,115899,115900],{"id":115771,"depth":93,"text":115895},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32545,"depth":93,"text":32618},{"id":115787,"depth":93,"text":115898},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115802,"depth":93,"text":115803},{"id":115811,"depth":93,"text":115812},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114012,"description":115902},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115908,"title":115909,"body":115910,"description":117676,"extension":2312,"meta":117677,"navigation":958,"path":14111,"seo":117678,"stem":117679,"__hash__":117680},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115911,"toc":117651},[115912,115915,115918,115921,115932,115940,115943,115945,116094,116106,116110,116127,116131,116139,116141,116152,116154,116251,116257,116260,116356,116365,116370,116374,116379,116381,116391,116393,116502,116510,116514,116517,116520,116537,116543,116623,116626,116630,116633,116637,116640,116699,116702,116706,116709,116801,116805,116808,116915,116919,116925,116953,116955,117037,117047,117051,117054,117065,117068,117153,117156,117161,117165,117168,117179,117182,117324,117327,117331,117334,117348,117351,117412,117418,117420,117423,117445,117448,117548,117551,117583,117585,117589,117592,117594,117597,117601,117604,117608,117611,117615,117618,117620,117648],[10,115913,115909],{"id":115914},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[14,115916,115917],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[14,115919,115920],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[150,115922,115923,115926,115929],{},[153,115924,115925],{},"a list inside another list",[153,115927,115928],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[153,115930,115931],{},"a list of dictionaries",[14,115933,100328,115934,895,115936,115939],{},[913,115935,13170],{},[913,115937,115938],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[14,115941,115942],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[29,115944,32],{"id":31},[34,115946,115948],{"className":36,"code":115947,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[18,115949,115950,115957,115961,115987,116007,116027,116031,116049,116053,116066,116080],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,115951,115952,115954],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,115953,35413],{"class":1927},[43,115955,115956],{"class":207}," copy\n",[43,115958,115959],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,115960,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,115962,115963,115965,115967,115969,115971,115973,115975,115977,115979,115981,115983,115985],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,115964,12404],{"class":207},[43,115966,212],{"class":211},[43,115968,56350],{"class":53},[43,115970,797],{"class":63},[43,115972,800],{"class":53},[43,115974,803],{"class":63},[43,115976,18384],{"class":53},[43,115978,3942],{"class":53},[43,115980,2409],{"class":63},[43,115982,800],{"class":53},[43,115984,2789],{"class":63},[43,115986,53298],{"class":53},[43,115988,115989,115992,115994,115997,115999,116001,116003,116005],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,115990,115991],{"class":207},"shallow ",[43,115993,212],{"class":211},[43,115995,115996],{"class":207}," copy",[43,115998,315],{"class":53},[43,116000,13231],{"class":236},[43,116002,54],{"class":53},[43,116004,12451],{"class":236},[43,116006,227],{"class":53},[43,116008,116009,116012,116014,116016,116018,116021,116023,116025],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,116010,116011],{"class":207},"deep ",[43,116013,212],{"class":211},[43,116015,115996],{"class":207},[43,116017,315],{"class":53},[43,116019,116020],{"class":236},"deepcopy",[43,116022,54],{"class":53},[43,116024,12451],{"class":236},[43,116026,227],{"class":53},[43,116028,116029],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,116030,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,116032,116033,116035,116037,116039,116041,116043,116045,116047],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,116034,12451],{"class":207},[43,116036,4221],{"class":53},[43,116038,2466],{"class":63},[43,116040,13871],{"class":53},[43,116042,13874],{"class":236},[43,116044,54],{"class":53},[43,116046,56403],{"class":63},[43,116048,227],{"class":53},[43,116050,116051],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,116052,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,116054,116055,116057,116059,116061,116063],{"class":45,"line":6756},[43,116056,50],{"class":49},[43,116058,54],{"class":53},[43,116060,12451],{"class":236},[43,116062,1221],{"class":53},[43,116064,116065],{"class":3984},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[43,116067,116068,116070,116072,116075,116077],{"class":45,"line":6761},[43,116069,50],{"class":49},[43,116071,54],{"class":53},[43,116073,116074],{"class":236},"shallow",[43,116076,1221],{"class":53},[43,116078,116079],{"class":3984},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[43,116081,116082,116084,116086,116089,116091],{"class":45,"line":11912},[43,116083,50],{"class":49},[43,116085,54],{"class":53},[43,116087,116088],{"class":236},"deep",[43,116090,1221],{"class":53},[43,116092,116093],{"class":3984},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[14,116095,133,116096,116099,116100,895,116102,116105],{},[18,116097,116098],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[913,116101,13170],{},[18,116103,116104],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[29,116107,116109],{"id":116108},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[150,116111,116112,116115,116118,116121,116124],{},[153,116113,116114],{},"What a copy means in Python",[153,116116,116117],{},"How shallow copy works",[153,116119,116120],{},"How deep copy works",[153,116122,116123],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[153,116125,116126],{},"When to use each approach",[29,116128,116130],{"id":116129},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[14,116132,1549,116133,116135,116136,116138],{},[913,116134,13170],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[913,116137,734],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[14,116140,2453],{},[150,116142,116143,116146,116149],{},[153,116144,116145],{},"the outer container is new",[153,116147,116148],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[153,116150,116151],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[14,116153,197],{},[34,116155,116157],{"className":36,"code":116156,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[18,116158,116159,116185,116199,116203,116221,116225,116238],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,116160,116161,116163,116165,116167,116169,116171,116173,116175,116177,116179,116181,116183],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,116162,12404],{"class":207},[43,116164,212],{"class":211},[43,116166,56350],{"class":53},[43,116168,797],{"class":63},[43,116170,800],{"class":53},[43,116172,803],{"class":63},[43,116174,18384],{"class":53},[43,116176,3942],{"class":53},[43,116178,2409],{"class":63},[43,116180,800],{"class":53},[43,116182,2789],{"class":63},[43,116184,53298],{"class":53},[43,116186,116187,116189,116191,116193,116195,116197],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,116188,14633],{"class":207},[43,116190,212],{"class":211},[43,116192,12479],{"class":207},[43,116194,315],{"class":53},[43,116196,13231],{"class":236},[43,116198,1728],{"class":53},[43,116200,116201],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,116202,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,116204,116205,116207,116209,116211,116213,116215,116217,116219],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,116206,14652],{"class":207},[43,116208,315],{"class":53},[43,116210,13874],{"class":236},[43,116212,794],{"class":53},[43,116214,64],{"class":63},[43,116216,800],{"class":53},[43,116218,37969],{"class":63},[43,116220,4209],{"class":53},[43,116222,116223],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,116224,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,116226,116227,116229,116231,116233,116235],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,116228,50],{"class":49},[43,116230,54],{"class":53},[43,116232,12451],{"class":236},[43,116234,1221],{"class":53},[43,116236,116237],{"class":3984},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[43,116239,116240,116242,116244,116246,116248],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,116241,50],{"class":49},[43,116243,54],{"class":53},[43,116245,14652],{"class":236},[43,116247,1221],{"class":53},[43,116249,116250],{"class":3984},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[14,116252,116253,116254,116256],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[18,116255,14652],{},", because the outer list is different.",[14,116258,116259],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[34,116261,116263],{"className":36,"code":116262,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,116264,116265,116291,116305,116309,116327,116331,116343],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,116266,116267,116269,116271,116273,116275,116277,116279,116281,116283,116285,116287,116289],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,116268,12404],{"class":207},[43,116270,212],{"class":211},[43,116272,56350],{"class":53},[43,116274,797],{"class":63},[43,116276,800],{"class":53},[43,116278,803],{"class":63},[43,116280,18384],{"class":53},[43,116282,3942],{"class":53},[43,116284,2409],{"class":63},[43,116286,800],{"class":53},[43,116288,2789],{"class":63},[43,116290,53298],{"class":53},[43,116292,116293,116295,116297,116299,116301,116303],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,116294,14633],{"class":207},[43,116296,212],{"class":211},[43,116298,12479],{"class":207},[43,116300,315],{"class":53},[43,116302,13231],{"class":236},[43,116304,1728],{"class":53},[43,116306,116307],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,116308,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,116310,116311,116313,116315,116317,116319,116321,116323,116325],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,116312,14652],{"class":207},[43,116314,4221],{"class":53},[43,116316,2466],{"class":63},[43,116318,13871],{"class":53},[43,116320,13874],{"class":236},[43,116322,54],{"class":53},[43,116324,56403],{"class":63},[43,116326,227],{"class":53},[43,116328,116329],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,116330,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,116332,116333,116335,116337,116339,116341],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,116334,50],{"class":49},[43,116336,54],{"class":53},[43,116338,12451],{"class":236},[43,116340,1221],{"class":53},[43,116342,116065],{"class":3984},[43,116344,116345,116347,116349,116351,116353],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,116346,50],{"class":49},[43,116348,54],{"class":53},[43,116350,14652],{"class":236},[43,116352,1221],{"class":53},[43,116354,116355],{"class":3984},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[14,116357,116358,116359,895,116361,116364],{},"Both changed because ",[18,116360,56507],{},[18,116362,116363],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[14,116366,116367,116368,315],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[189,116369,43988],{"href":12383},[29,116371,116373],{"id":116372},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[14,116375,1549,116376,116378],{},[913,116377,115938],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[14,116380,2453],{},[150,116382,116383,116385,116388],{},[153,116384,116145],{},[153,116386,116387],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[153,116389,116390],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[14,116392,197],{},[34,116394,116396],{"className":36,"code":116395,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,116397,116398,116404,116408,116434,116452,116456,116474,116478,116490],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,116399,116400,116402],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,116401,35413],{"class":1927},[43,116403,115956],{"class":207},[43,116405,116406],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,116407,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,116409,116410,116412,116414,116416,116418,116420,116422,116424,116426,116428,116430,116432],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,116411,12404],{"class":207},[43,116413,212],{"class":211},[43,116415,56350],{"class":53},[43,116417,797],{"class":63},[43,116419,800],{"class":53},[43,116421,803],{"class":63},[43,116423,18384],{"class":53},[43,116425,3942],{"class":53},[43,116427,2409],{"class":63},[43,116429,800],{"class":53},[43,116431,2789],{"class":63},[43,116433,53298],{"class":53},[43,116435,116436,116438,116440,116442,116444,116446,116448,116450],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,116437,14633],{"class":207},[43,116439,212],{"class":211},[43,116441,115996],{"class":207},[43,116443,315],{"class":53},[43,116445,116020],{"class":236},[43,116447,54],{"class":53},[43,116449,12451],{"class":236},[43,116451,227],{"class":53},[43,116453,116454],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,116455,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,116457,116458,116460,116462,116464,116466,116468,116470,116472],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,116459,14652],{"class":207},[43,116461,4221],{"class":53},[43,116463,2466],{"class":63},[43,116465,13871],{"class":53},[43,116467,13874],{"class":236},[43,116469,54],{"class":53},[43,116471,56403],{"class":63},[43,116473,227],{"class":53},[43,116475,116476],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,116477,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,116479,116480,116482,116484,116486,116488],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,116481,50],{"class":49},[43,116483,54],{"class":53},[43,116485,12451],{"class":236},[43,116487,1221],{"class":53},[43,116489,116237],{"class":3984},[43,116491,116492,116494,116496,116498,116500],{"class":45,"line":6756},[43,116493,50],{"class":49},[43,116495,54],{"class":53},[43,116497,14652],{"class":236},[43,116499,1221],{"class":53},[43,116501,116355],{"class":3984},[14,116503,116504,116505,116507,116508,315],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[18,116506,116363],{}," does not change ",[18,116509,56507],{},[29,116511,116513],{"id":116512},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[14,116515,116516],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[14,116518,116519],{},"Common reasons:",[150,116521,116522,116525,116528,116534],{},[153,116523,116524],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[153,116526,116527],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[153,116529,116530,116531,116533],{},"Assignment with ",[18,116532,212],{}," does not make a copy",[153,116535,116536],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[14,116538,116539,116540,116542],{},"For example, this does ",[913,116541,734],{}," create a copy:",[34,116544,116546],{"className":36,"code":116545,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,116547,116548,116568,116576,116580,116594,116598,116610],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,116549,116550,116552,116554,116556,116558,116560,116562,116564,116566],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,116551,12404],{"class":207},[43,116553,212],{"class":211},[43,116555,3942],{"class":53},[43,116557,797],{"class":63},[43,116559,800],{"class":53},[43,116561,803],{"class":63},[43,116563,800],{"class":53},[43,116565,808],{"class":63},[43,116567,3955],{"class":53},[43,116569,116570,116572,116574],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,116571,14633],{"class":207},[43,116573,212],{"class":211},[43,116575,12442],{"class":207},[43,116577,116578],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,116579,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,116581,116582,116584,116586,116588,116590,116592],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,116583,14652],{"class":207},[43,116585,315],{"class":53},[43,116587,13874],{"class":236},[43,116589,54],{"class":53},[43,116591,2835],{"class":63},[43,116593,227],{"class":53},[43,116595,116596],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,116597,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,116599,116600,116602,116604,116606,116608],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,116601,50],{"class":49},[43,116603,54],{"class":53},[43,116605,12451],{"class":236},[43,116607,1221],{"class":53},[43,116609,55757],{"class":3984},[43,116611,116612,116614,116616,116618,116620],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,116613,50],{"class":49},[43,116615,54],{"class":53},[43,116617,14652],{"class":236},[43,116619,1221],{"class":53},[43,116621,116622],{"class":3984},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,116624,116625],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[29,116627,116629],{"id":116628},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[14,116631,116632],{},"These three ideas are different.",[402,116634,116636],{"id":116635},"assignment","Assignment",[14,116638,116639],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[34,116641,116643],{"className":36,"code":116642,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[18,116644,116645,116671,116679,116683],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,116646,116647,116649,116651,116653,116655,116657,116659,116661,116663,116665,116667,116669],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,116648,12404],{"class":207},[43,116650,212],{"class":211},[43,116652,56350],{"class":53},[43,116654,797],{"class":63},[43,116656,800],{"class":53},[43,116658,803],{"class":63},[43,116660,18384],{"class":53},[43,116662,3942],{"class":53},[43,116664,2409],{"class":63},[43,116666,800],{"class":53},[43,116668,2789],{"class":63},[43,116670,53298],{"class":53},[43,116672,116673,116675,116677],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,116674,14424],{"class":207},[43,116676,212],{"class":211},[43,116678,12442],{"class":207},[43,116680,116681],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,116682,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,116684,116685,116687,116689,116691,116693,116695,116697],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,116686,50],{"class":49},[43,116688,54],{"class":53},[43,116690,12404],{"class":236},[43,116692,12512],{"class":1927},[43,116694,14492],{"class":236},[43,116696,1221],{"class":53},[43,116698,3985],{"class":3984},[14,116700,116701],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[402,116703,116705],{"id":116704},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[14,116707,116708],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[34,116710,116712],{"className":36,"code":116711,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[18,116713,116714,116740,116754,116758,116775],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,116715,116716,116718,116720,116722,116724,116726,116728,116730,116732,116734,116736,116738],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,116717,12404],{"class":207},[43,116719,212],{"class":211},[43,116721,56350],{"class":53},[43,116723,797],{"class":63},[43,116725,800],{"class":53},[43,116727,803],{"class":63},[43,116729,18384],{"class":53},[43,116731,3942],{"class":53},[43,116733,2409],{"class":63},[43,116735,800],{"class":53},[43,116737,2789],{"class":63},[43,116739,53298],{"class":53},[43,116741,116742,116744,116746,116748,116750,116752],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,116743,115991],{"class":207},[43,116745,212],{"class":211},[43,116747,12479],{"class":207},[43,116749,315],{"class":53},[43,116751,13231],{"class":236},[43,116753,1728],{"class":53},[43,116755,116756],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,116757,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,116759,116760,116762,116764,116766,116768,116771,116773],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,116761,50],{"class":49},[43,116763,54],{"class":53},[43,116765,12404],{"class":236},[43,116767,12512],{"class":1927},[43,116769,116770],{"class":236}," shallow",[43,116772,1221],{"class":53},[43,116774,21524],{"class":3984},[43,116776,116777,116779,116781,116783,116785,116787,116789,116791,116793,116795,116797,116799],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,116778,50],{"class":49},[43,116780,54],{"class":53},[43,116782,12451],{"class":236},[43,116784,4221],{"class":53},[43,116786,2466],{"class":63},[43,116788,13594],{"class":53},[43,116790,8421],{"class":1927},[43,116792,116770],{"class":236},[43,116794,4221],{"class":53},[43,116796,2466],{"class":63},[43,116798,20769],{"class":53},[43,116800,3985],{"class":3984},[402,116802,116804],{"id":116803},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[14,116806,116807],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[34,116809,116811],{"className":36,"code":116810,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[18,116812,116813,116819,116823,116849,116867,116871,116889],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,116814,116815,116817],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,116816,35413],{"class":1927},[43,116818,115956],{"class":207},[43,116820,116821],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,116822,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,116824,116825,116827,116829,116831,116833,116835,116837,116839,116841,116843,116845,116847],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,116826,12404],{"class":207},[43,116828,212],{"class":211},[43,116830,56350],{"class":53},[43,116832,797],{"class":63},[43,116834,800],{"class":53},[43,116836,803],{"class":63},[43,116838,18384],{"class":53},[43,116840,3942],{"class":53},[43,116842,2409],{"class":63},[43,116844,800],{"class":53},[43,116846,2789],{"class":63},[43,116848,53298],{"class":53},[43,116850,116851,116853,116855,116857,116859,116861,116863,116865],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,116852,116011],{"class":207},[43,116854,212],{"class":211},[43,116856,115996],{"class":207},[43,116858,315],{"class":53},[43,116860,116020],{"class":236},[43,116862,54],{"class":53},[43,116864,12451],{"class":236},[43,116866,227],{"class":53},[43,116868,116869],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,116870,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,116872,116873,116875,116877,116879,116881,116884,116886],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,116874,50],{"class":49},[43,116876,54],{"class":53},[43,116878,12404],{"class":236},[43,116880,12512],{"class":1927},[43,116882,116883],{"class":236}," deep",[43,116885,1221],{"class":53},[43,116887,116888],{"class":3984},"         # False\n",[43,116890,116891,116893,116895,116897,116899,116901,116903,116905,116907,116909,116911,116913],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,116892,50],{"class":49},[43,116894,54],{"class":53},[43,116896,12451],{"class":236},[43,116898,4221],{"class":53},[43,116900,2466],{"class":63},[43,116902,13594],{"class":53},[43,116904,8421],{"class":1927},[43,116906,116883],{"class":236},[43,116908,4221],{"class":53},[43,116910,2466],{"class":63},[43,116912,20769],{"class":53},[43,116914,43924],{"class":3984},[29,116916,116918],{"id":116917},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[14,116920,116921,116922,325],{},"These all make ",[913,116923,116924],{},"shallow copies",[150,116926,116927,116931,116935,116940,116946],{},[153,116928,116929],{},[18,116930,55657],{},[153,116932,116933],{},[18,116934,12753],{},[153,116936,116937],{},[18,116938,116939],{},"set.copy()",[153,116941,116942,116943],{},"list slicing like ",[18,116944,116945],{},"my_list[:]",[153,116947,116948,116950,116951,35403],{},[18,116949,116098],{}," from the ",[18,116952,13231],{},[14,116954,2472],{},[34,116956,116958],{"className":36,"code":116957,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,116959,116960,116980,116984,116998,117009,117013,117025],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,116961,116962,116964,116966,116968,116970,116972,116974,116976,116978],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,116963,3937],{"class":207},[43,116965,212],{"class":211},[43,116967,3942],{"class":53},[43,116969,797],{"class":63},[43,116971,800],{"class":53},[43,116973,803],{"class":63},[43,116975,800],{"class":53},[43,116977,808],{"class":63},[43,116979,3955],{"class":53},[43,116981,116982],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,116983,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,116985,116986,116988,116990,116992,116994,116996],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,116987,1178],{"class":207},[43,116989,212],{"class":211},[43,116991,4586],{"class":207},[43,116993,315],{"class":53},[43,116995,13231],{"class":236},[43,116997,1728],{"class":53},[43,116999,117000,117002,117004,117006],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,117001,1192],{"class":207},[43,117003,212],{"class":211},[43,117005,4586],{"class":207},[43,117007,117008],{"class":53},"[:]\n",[43,117010,117011],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,117012,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,117014,117015,117017,117019,117021,117023],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,117016,50],{"class":49},[43,117018,54],{"class":53},[43,117020,189],{"class":236},[43,117022,1221],{"class":53},[43,117024,54988],{"class":3984},[43,117026,117027,117029,117031,117033,117035],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,117028,50],{"class":49},[43,117030,54],{"class":53},[43,117032,1231],{"class":236},[43,117034,1221],{"class":53},[43,117036,54988],{"class":3984},[14,117038,73199,117039,47587,117043,315],{},[189,117040,117041,11055],{"href":55016},[18,117042,55657],{},[189,117044,117045,11055],{"href":12750},[18,117046,12753],{},[29,117048,117050],{"id":117049},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[14,117052,117053],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[150,117055,117056,117059,117062],{},[153,117057,117058],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[153,117060,117061],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[153,117063,117064],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[14,117066,117067],{},"Example with a flat list:",[34,117069,117071],{"className":36,"code":117070,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,117072,117073,117093,117107,117111,117125,117129,117141],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,117074,117075,117077,117079,117081,117083,117085,117087,117089,117091],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,117076,12404],{"class":207},[43,117078,212],{"class":211},[43,117080,3942],{"class":53},[43,117082,797],{"class":63},[43,117084,800],{"class":53},[43,117086,803],{"class":63},[43,117088,800],{"class":53},[43,117090,808],{"class":63},[43,117092,3955],{"class":53},[43,117094,117095,117097,117099,117101,117103,117105],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,117096,14633],{"class":207},[43,117098,212],{"class":211},[43,117100,12479],{"class":207},[43,117102,315],{"class":53},[43,117104,13231],{"class":236},[43,117106,1728],{"class":53},[43,117108,117109],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,117110,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,117112,117113,117115,117117,117119,117121,117123],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,117114,14652],{"class":207},[43,117116,315],{"class":53},[43,117118,13874],{"class":236},[43,117120,54],{"class":53},[43,117122,2835],{"class":63},[43,117124,227],{"class":53},[43,117126,117127],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,117128,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,117130,117131,117133,117135,117137,117139],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,117132,50],{"class":49},[43,117134,54],{"class":53},[43,117136,12451],{"class":236},[43,117138,1221],{"class":53},[43,117140,54988],{"class":3984},[43,117142,117143,117145,117147,117149,117151],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,117144,50],{"class":49},[43,117146,54],{"class":53},[43,117148,14652],{"class":236},[43,117150,1221],{"class":53},[43,117152,116622],{"class":3984},[14,117154,117155],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[14,117157,117158,117159,315],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[189,117160,15210],{"href":57276},[29,117162,117164],{"id":117163},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[14,117166,117167],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[150,117169,117170,117173,117176],{},[153,117171,117172],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[153,117174,117175],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[153,117177,117178],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[14,117180,117181],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[34,117183,117185],{"className":36,"code":117184,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[18,117186,117187,117193,117197,117223,117237,117255,117259,117281,117285,117298,117311],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,117188,117189,117191],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,117190,35413],{"class":1927},[43,117192,115956],{"class":207},[43,117194,117195],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,117196,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,117198,117199,117201,117203,117205,117207,117209,117211,117213,117215,117217,117219,117221],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,117200,12404],{"class":207},[43,117202,212],{"class":211},[43,117204,1649],{"class":53},[43,117206,82],{"class":81},[43,117208,16711],{"class":85},[43,117210,82],{"class":81},[43,117212,325],{"class":53},[43,117214,3942],{"class":53},[43,117216,512],{"class":63},[43,117218,800],{"class":53},[43,117220,8115],{"class":63},[43,117222,14027],{"class":53},[43,117224,117225,117227,117229,117231,117233,117235],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,117226,115991],{"class":207},[43,117228,212],{"class":211},[43,117230,12479],{"class":207},[43,117232,315],{"class":53},[43,117234,13231],{"class":236},[43,117236,1728],{"class":53},[43,117238,117239,117241,117243,117245,117247,117249,117251,117253],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,117240,116011],{"class":207},[43,117242,212],{"class":211},[43,117244,115996],{"class":207},[43,117246,315],{"class":53},[43,117248,116020],{"class":236},[43,117250,54],{"class":53},[43,117252,12451],{"class":236},[43,117254,227],{"class":53},[43,117256,117257],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,117258,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,117260,117261,117263,117265,117267,117269,117271,117273,117275,117277,117279],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,117262,12451],{"class":207},[43,117264,4221],{"class":53},[43,117266,82],{"class":81},[43,117268,16711],{"class":85},[43,117270,82],{"class":81},[43,117272,13871],{"class":53},[43,117274,13874],{"class":236},[43,117276,54],{"class":53},[43,117278,37166],{"class":63},[43,117280,227],{"class":53},[43,117282,117283],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,117284,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,117286,117287,117289,117291,117293,117295],{"class":45,"line":6756},[43,117288,50],{"class":49},[43,117290,54],{"class":53},[43,117292,12451],{"class":236},[43,117294,1221],{"class":53},[43,117296,117297],{"class":3984},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[43,117299,117300,117302,117304,117306,117308],{"class":45,"line":6761},[43,117301,50],{"class":49},[43,117303,54],{"class":53},[43,117305,116074],{"class":236},[43,117307,1221],{"class":53},[43,117309,117310],{"class":3984},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[43,117312,117313,117315,117317,117319,117321],{"class":45,"line":11912},[43,117314,50],{"class":49},[43,117316,54],{"class":53},[43,117318,116088],{"class":236},[43,117320,1221],{"class":53},[43,117322,117323],{"class":3984},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[14,117325,117326],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[29,117328,117330],{"id":117329},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[14,117332,117333],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[150,117335,117336,117339,117342,117345],{},[153,117337,117338],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[153,117340,117341],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[153,117343,117344],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[153,117346,117347],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[14,117349,117350],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[34,117352,117354],{"className":36,"code":117353,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[18,117355,117356,117364,117372,117376,117384,117388,117400],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,117357,117358,117360,117362],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,117359,1178],{"class":207},[43,117361,212],{"class":211},[43,117363,2916],{"class":63},[43,117365,117366,117368,117370],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,117367,1192],{"class":207},[43,117369,212],{"class":211},[43,117371,36499],{"class":207},[43,117373,117374],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,117375,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,117377,117378,117380,117382],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,117379,1192],{"class":207},[43,117381,212],{"class":211},[43,117383,14936],{"class":63},[43,117385,117386],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,117387,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,117389,117390,117392,117394,117396,117398],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,117391,50],{"class":49},[43,117393,54],{"class":53},[43,117395,189],{"class":236},[43,117397,1221],{"class":53},[43,117399,27119],{"class":3984},[43,117401,117402,117404,117406,117408,117410],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,117403,50],{"class":49},[43,117405,54],{"class":53},[43,117407,1231],{"class":236},[43,117409,1221],{"class":53},[43,117411,27940],{"class":3984},[14,117413,93570,117414,117417],{},[189,117415,117416],{"href":12383},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[29,117419,3160],{"id":3159},[14,117421,117422],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[150,117424,117425,117429,117434,117439,117442],{},[153,117426,8738,117427,56840],{},[18,117428,212],{},[153,117430,8738,117431,117433],{},[18,117432,55657],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[153,117435,8738,117436,117438],{},[18,117437,12753],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[153,117440,117441],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[153,117443,117444],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[14,117446,117447],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[34,117449,117451],{"className":36,"code":117450,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[18,117452,117453,117467,117481,117503,117534],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,117454,117455,117457,117459,117461,117463,117465],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,117456,50],{"class":49},[43,117458,54],{"class":53},[43,117460,12404],{"class":236},[43,117462,12512],{"class":1927},[43,117464,14706],{"class":236},[43,117466,227],{"class":53},[43,117468,117469,117471,117473,117475,117477,117479],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,117470,50],{"class":49},[43,117472,54],{"class":53},[43,117474,12404],{"class":236},[43,117476,5012],{"class":211},[43,117478,14706],{"class":236},[43,117480,227],{"class":53},[43,117482,117483,117485,117487,117489,117491,117493,117495,117497,117499,117501],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,117484,50],{"class":49},[43,117486,54],{"class":53},[43,117488,12968],{"class":49},[43,117490,54],{"class":53},[43,117492,12451],{"class":236},[43,117494,9549],{"class":53},[43,117496,15138],{"class":49},[43,117498,54],{"class":53},[43,117500,14652],{"class":236},[43,117502,67],{"class":53},[43,117504,117505,117507,117509,117511,117513,117515,117517,117519,117522,117524,117526,117528,117530,117532],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,117506,50],{"class":49},[43,117508,54],{"class":53},[43,117510,12968],{"class":49},[43,117512,54],{"class":53},[43,117514,12451],{"class":236},[43,117516,4221],{"class":53},[43,117518,2466],{"class":63},[43,117520,117521],{"class":53},"]),",[43,117523,15138],{"class":49},[43,117525,54],{"class":53},[43,117527,14652],{"class":236},[43,117529,4221],{"class":53},[43,117531,2466],{"class":63},[43,117533,811],{"class":53},[43,117535,117536,117538,117540,117542,117544,117546],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,117537,50],{"class":49},[43,117539,54],{"class":53},[43,117541,248],{"class":57},[43,117543,54],{"class":53},[43,117545,12451],{"class":236},[43,117547,67],{"class":53},[14,117549,117550],{},"What they tell you:",[150,117552,117553,117558,117563,117568,117578],{},[153,117554,117555,117557],{},[18,117556,12512],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[153,117559,117560,117562],{},[18,117561,5012],{}," checks whether values are equal",[153,117564,117565,117567],{},[18,117566,43540],{}," shows the identity of an object",[153,117569,117570,117571,895,117574,117577],{},"comparing ",[18,117572,117573],{},"id(original[0])",[18,117575,117576],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[153,117579,117580,117582],{},[18,117581,2642],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[29,117584,2162],{"id":2161},[402,117586,117588],{"id":117587},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[14,117590,117591],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[402,117593,57326],{"id":57241},[14,117595,117596],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[402,117598,117600],{"id":117599},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[14,117602,117603],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[402,117605,117607],{"id":117606},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[14,117609,117610],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[402,117612,117614],{"id":117613},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[14,117616,117617],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[29,117619,2229],{"id":2228},[150,117621,117622,117627,117633,117639,117643],{},[153,117623,117624],{},[189,117625,117626],{"href":12383},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[153,117628,117629],{},[189,117630,3894,117631,11055],{"href":55016},[18,117632,55657],{},[153,117634,117635],{},[189,117636,3894,117637,11055],{"href":12750},[18,117638,12753],{},[153,117640,117641],{},[189,117642,15287],{"href":57276},[153,117644,117645],{},[189,117646,117647],{"href":58551},"What is a list in Python?",[2262,117649,117650],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":117652},[117653,117654,117655,117656,117657,117658,117663,117664,117665,117666,117667,117668,117675],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":116108,"depth":70,"text":116109},{"id":116129,"depth":70,"text":116130},{"id":116372,"depth":70,"text":116373},{"id":116512,"depth":70,"text":116513},{"id":116628,"depth":70,"text":116629,"children":117659},[117660,117661,117662],{"id":116635,"depth":93,"text":116636},{"id":116704,"depth":93,"text":116705},{"id":116803,"depth":93,"text":116804},{"id":116917,"depth":70,"text":116918},{"id":117049,"depth":70,"text":117050},{"id":117163,"depth":70,"text":117164},{"id":117329,"depth":70,"text":117330},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":117669},[117670,117671,117672,117673,117674],{"id":117587,"depth":93,"text":117588},{"id":57241,"depth":93,"text":57326},{"id":117599,"depth":93,"text":117600},{"id":117606,"depth":93,"text":117607},{"id":117613,"depth":93,"text":117614},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115909,"description":117676},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117682,"title":117683,"body":117684,"description":119541,"extension":2312,"meta":119542,"navigation":958,"path":119543,"seo":119544,"stem":119545,"__hash__":119546},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117685,"toc":119499},[117686,117691,117696,117704,117706,117774,117779,117784,117799,117802,117804,117835,117837,117857,117860,117875,117877,117880,117953,117955,118000,118002,118013,118018,118022,118027,118030,118069,118071,118091,118094,118151,118153,118188,118191,118230,118232,118252,118255,118286,118288,118344,118346,118351,118422,118424,118457,118462,118467,118532,118534,118571,118574,118651,118653,118713,118720,118725,118728,118731,118812,118814,118855,118860,118863,118941,118943,118976,118985,118992,118995,119006,119009,119020,119024,119032,119041,119045,119050,119054,119059,119102,119105,119111,119114,119116,119163,119168,119172,119175,119224,119226,119247,119250,119252,119277,119280,119401,119406,119408,119413,119416,119421,119424,119432,119437,119444,119447,119455,119458,119460,119496],[10,117687,3894,117689,3898],{"id":117688},"python-sorted-function-explained",[18,117690,74483],{},[14,117692,117693,117695],{},[18,117694,74483],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[14,117697,117698,117699,2534,117701,117703],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[18,117700,77926],{},[18,117702,74483],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[29,117705,3927],{"id":3926},[34,117707,117709],{"className":36,"code":117708,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[18,117710,117711,117731,117745,117749,117761],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,117712,117713,117715,117717,117719,117721,117723,117725,117727,117729],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,117714,3937],{"class":207},[43,117716,212],{"class":211},[43,117718,3942],{"class":53},[43,117720,2409],{"class":63},[43,117722,800],{"class":53},[43,117724,5823],{"class":63},[43,117726,800],{"class":53},[43,117728,803],{"class":63},[43,117730,3955],{"class":53},[43,117732,117733,117735,117737,117739,117741,117743],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,117734,1282],{"class":207},[43,117736,212],{"class":211},[43,117738,74617],{"class":49},[43,117740,54],{"class":53},[43,117742,3969],{"class":236},[43,117744,227],{"class":53},[43,117746,117747],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,117748,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,117750,117751,117753,117755,117757,117759],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,117752,50],{"class":49},[43,117754,54],{"class":53},[43,117756,1306],{"class":236},[43,117758,1221],{"class":53},[43,117760,55744],{"class":3984},[43,117762,117763,117765,117767,117769,117771],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,117764,50],{"class":49},[43,117766,54],{"class":53},[43,117768,3969],{"class":236},[43,117770,1221],{"class":53},[43,117772,117773],{"class":3984},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[14,117775,117776,117778],{},[18,117777,74483],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[29,117780,3998,117782,4001],{"id":117781},"what-sorted-does",[18,117783,74483],{},[150,117785,117786,117790,117793,117796],{},[153,117787,117788,62984],{},[18,117789,74483],{},[153,117791,117792],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[153,117794,117795],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[153,117797,117798],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[14,117800,117801],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[29,117803,290],{"id":289},[34,117805,117807],{"className":36,"code":117806,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[18,117808,117809],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,117810,117811,117813,117815,117817,117819,117821,117823,117825,117827,117829,117831,117833],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,117812,74573],{"class":49},[43,117814,54],{"class":53},[43,117816,4042],{"class":236},[43,117818,800],{"class":53},[43,117820,21902],{"class":9491},[43,117822,212],{"class":211},[43,117824,4099],{"class":104},[43,117826,800],{"class":53},[43,117828,78129],{"class":9491},[43,117830,212],{"class":211},[43,117832,613],{"class":104},[43,117834,227],{"class":53},[402,117836,17718],{"id":17717},[150,117838,117839,117844,117849],{},[153,117840,117841,117843],{},[18,117842,4042],{},": the values to sort",[153,117845,117846,117848],{},[18,117847,15163],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[153,117850,117851,117853,117854,117856],{},[18,117852,73636],{},": set to ",[18,117855,105],{}," to sort in descending order",[14,117858,117859],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[34,117861,117863],{"className":36,"code":117862,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"sorted(my_values)\n",[18,117864,117865],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,117866,117867,117869,117871,117873],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,117868,74573],{"class":49},[43,117870,54],{"class":53},[43,117872,60365],{"class":236},[43,117874,227],{"class":53},[29,117876,11792],{"id":11791},[14,117878,117879],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[34,117881,117883],{"className":36,"code":117882,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,117884,117885,117909,117913,117928,117932,117943],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,117886,117887,117889,117891,117893,117895,117897,117899,117901,117903,117905,117907],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,117888,3937],{"class":207},[43,117890,212],{"class":211},[43,117892,3942],{"class":53},[43,117894,64],{"class":63},[43,117896,800],{"class":53},[43,117898,803],{"class":63},[43,117900,800],{"class":53},[43,117902,6686],{"class":63},[43,117904,800],{"class":53},[43,117906,5823],{"class":63},[43,117908,3955],{"class":53},[43,117910,117911],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,117912,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,117914,117915,117918,117920,117922,117924,117926],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,117916,117917],{"class":207},"sorted_numbers ",[43,117919,212],{"class":211},[43,117921,74617],{"class":49},[43,117923,54],{"class":53},[43,117925,3969],{"class":236},[43,117927,227],{"class":53},[43,117929,117930],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,117931,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,117933,117934,117936,117938,117941],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,117935,50],{"class":49},[43,117937,54],{"class":53},[43,117939,117940],{"class":236},"sorted_numbers",[43,117942,227],{"class":53},[43,117944,117945,117947,117949,117951],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,117946,50],{"class":49},[43,117948,54],{"class":53},[43,117950,3969],{"class":236},[43,117952,227],{"class":53},[14,117954,110],{},[34,117956,117958],{"className":36,"code":117957,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[18,117959,117960,117980],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,117961,117962,117964,117966,117968,117970,117972,117974,117976,117978],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,117963,4221],{"class":53},[43,117965,797],{"class":63},[43,117967,800],{"class":53},[43,117969,803],{"class":63},[43,117971,800],{"class":53},[43,117973,4929],{"class":63},[43,117975,800],{"class":53},[43,117977,6686],{"class":63},[43,117979,3955],{"class":53},[43,117981,117982,117984,117986,117988,117990,117992,117994,117996,117998],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,117983,4221],{"class":53},[43,117985,64],{"class":63},[43,117987,800],{"class":53},[43,117989,803],{"class":63},[43,117991,800],{"class":53},[43,117993,6686],{"class":63},[43,117995,800],{"class":53},[43,117997,5823],{"class":63},[43,117999,3955],{"class":53},[14,118001,14084],{},[150,118003,118004,118009],{},[153,118005,118006,118008],{},[18,118007,117940],{}," is a new sorted list",[153,118010,118011,112545],{},[18,118012,3969],{},[14,118014,118015,118016,315],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[189,118017,78436],{"href":78435},[29,118019,118021],{"id":118020},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[14,118023,118024,118026],{},[18,118025,74483],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[402,118028,118029],{"id":849},"List",[34,118031,118033],{"className":36,"code":118032,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[18,118034,118035,118055],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118036,118037,118039,118041,118043,118045,118047,118049,118051,118053],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118038,3937],{"class":207},[43,118040,212],{"class":211},[43,118042,3942],{"class":53},[43,118044,2409],{"class":63},[43,118046,800],{"class":53},[43,118048,5823],{"class":63},[43,118050,800],{"class":53},[43,118052,803],{"class":63},[43,118054,3955],{"class":53},[43,118056,118057,118059,118061,118063,118065,118067],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,118058,50],{"class":49},[43,118060,54],{"class":53},[43,118062,74573],{"class":49},[43,118064,54],{"class":53},[43,118066,3969],{"class":236},[43,118068,67],{"class":53},[14,118070,110],{},[34,118072,118073],{"className":36,"code":55206,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,118074,118075],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118076,118077,118079,118081,118083,118085,118087,118089],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118078,4221],{"class":53},[43,118080,797],{"class":63},[43,118082,800],{"class":53},[43,118084,803],{"class":63},[43,118086,800],{"class":53},[43,118088,808],{"class":63},[43,118090,3955],{"class":53},[402,118092,118093],{"id":49007},"Tuple",[34,118095,118097],{"className":36,"code":118096,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[18,118098,118099,118119,118133],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118100,118101,118103,118105,118107,118109,118111,118113,118115,118117],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118102,4144],{"class":207},[43,118104,212],{"class":211},[43,118106,9552],{"class":53},[43,118108,2409],{"class":63},[43,118110,800],{"class":53},[43,118112,5823],{"class":63},[43,118114,800],{"class":53},[43,118116,803],{"class":63},[43,118118,227],{"class":53},[43,118120,118121,118123,118125,118127,118129,118131],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,118122,50],{"class":49},[43,118124,54],{"class":53},[43,118126,74573],{"class":49},[43,118128,54],{"class":53},[43,118130,5683],{"class":236},[43,118132,67],{"class":53},[43,118134,118135,118137,118139,118141,118143,118145,118147,118149],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,118136,50],{"class":49},[43,118138,54],{"class":53},[43,118140,248],{"class":57},[43,118142,54],{"class":53},[43,118144,74573],{"class":49},[43,118146,54],{"class":53},[43,118148,5683],{"class":236},[43,118150,3239],{"class":53},[14,118152,110],{},[34,118154,118156],{"className":36,"code":118155,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,118157,118158,118174],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118159,118160,118162,118164,118166,118168,118170,118172],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118161,4221],{"class":53},[43,118163,797],{"class":63},[43,118165,800],{"class":53},[43,118167,803],{"class":63},[43,118169,800],{"class":53},[43,118171,808],{"class":63},[43,118173,3955],{"class":53},[43,118175,118176,118178,118180,118182,118184,118186],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,118177,271],{"class":211},[43,118179,275],{"class":274},[43,118181,278],{"class":81},[43,118183,849],{"class":85},[43,118185,283],{"class":81},[43,118187,286],{"class":211},[402,118189,118190],{"id":6613},"Set",[34,118192,118194],{"className":36,"code":118193,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[18,118195,118196,118216],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118197,118198,118200,118202,118204,118206,118208,118210,118212,118214],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118199,4144],{"class":207},[43,118201,212],{"class":211},[43,118203,1649],{"class":53},[43,118205,2409],{"class":63},[43,118207,800],{"class":53},[43,118209,5823],{"class":63},[43,118211,800],{"class":53},[43,118213,803],{"class":63},[43,118215,1667],{"class":53},[43,118217,118218,118220,118222,118224,118226,118228],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,118219,50],{"class":49},[43,118221,54],{"class":53},[43,118223,74573],{"class":49},[43,118225,54],{"class":53},[43,118227,5683],{"class":236},[43,118229,67],{"class":53},[14,118231,110],{},[34,118233,118234],{"className":36,"code":55206,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,118235,118236],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118237,118238,118240,118242,118244,118246,118248,118250],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118239,4221],{"class":53},[43,118241,797],{"class":63},[43,118243,800],{"class":53},[43,118245,803],{"class":63},[43,118247,800],{"class":53},[43,118249,808],{"class":63},[43,118251,3955],{"class":53},[402,118253,118254],{"id":61232},"String",[34,118256,118258],{"className":36,"code":118257,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[18,118259,118260,118272],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118261,118262,118264,118266,118268,118270],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118263,927],{"class":207},[43,118265,212],{"class":211},[43,118267,932],{"class":81},[43,118269,38],{"class":85},[43,118271,938],{"class":81},[43,118273,118274,118276,118278,118280,118282,118284],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,118275,50],{"class":49},[43,118277,54],{"class":53},[43,118279,74573],{"class":49},[43,118281,54],{"class":53},[43,118283,951],{"class":236},[43,118285,67],{"class":53},[14,118287,110],{},[34,118289,118290],{"className":36,"code":79453,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,118291,118292],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118293,118294,118296,118298,118300,118302,118304,118306,118308,118310,118312,118314,118316,118318,118320,118322,118324,118326,118328,118330,118332,118334,118336,118338,118340,118342],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118295,4221],{"class":53},[43,118297,283],{"class":81},[43,118299,60496],{"class":85},[43,118301,283],{"class":81},[43,118303,800],{"class":53},[43,118305,278],{"class":81},[43,118307,76089],{"class":85},[43,118309,283],{"class":81},[43,118311,800],{"class":53},[43,118313,278],{"class":81},[43,118315,60531],{"class":85},[43,118317,283],{"class":81},[43,118319,800],{"class":53},[43,118321,278],{"class":81},[43,118323,14],{"class":85},[43,118325,283],{"class":81},[43,118327,800],{"class":53},[43,118329,278],{"class":81},[43,118331,63345],{"class":85},[43,118333,283],{"class":81},[43,118335,800],{"class":53},[43,118337,278],{"class":81},[43,118339,12063],{"class":85},[43,118341,283],{"class":81},[43,118343,3955],{"class":53},[402,118345,29547],{"id":15926},[14,118347,63598,118348,118350],{},[18,118349,74483],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[34,118352,118354],{"className":36,"code":118353,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[18,118355,118356,118408],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118357,118358,118360,118362,118364,118366,118368,118370,118372,118374,118376,118378,118380,118382,118384,118386,118388,118390,118392,118394,118396,118398,118400,118402,118404,118406],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118359,13525],{"class":207},[43,118361,212],{"class":211},[43,118363,1649],{"class":53},[43,118365,82],{"class":81},[43,118367,7992],{"class":85},[43,118369,82],{"class":81},[43,118371,325],{"class":53},[43,118373,932],{"class":81},[43,118375,13200],{"class":85},[43,118377,82],{"class":81},[43,118379,800],{"class":53},[43,118381,932],{"class":81},[43,118383,9615],{"class":85},[43,118385,82],{"class":81},[43,118387,325],{"class":53},[43,118389,8115],{"class":63},[43,118391,800],{"class":53},[43,118393,932],{"class":81},[43,118395,10725],{"class":85},[43,118397,82],{"class":81},[43,118399,325],{"class":53},[43,118401,932],{"class":81},[43,118403,16353],{"class":85},[43,118405,82],{"class":81},[43,118407,1667],{"class":53},[43,118409,118410,118412,118414,118416,118418,118420],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,118411,50],{"class":49},[43,118413,54],{"class":53},[43,118415,74573],{"class":49},[43,118417,54],{"class":53},[43,118419,17630],{"class":236},[43,118421,67],{"class":53},[14,118423,110],{},[34,118425,118427],{"className":36,"code":118426,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[18,118428,118429],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118430,118431,118433,118435,118437,118439,118441,118443,118445,118447,118449,118451,118453,118455],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118432,4221],{"class":53},[43,118434,283],{"class":81},[43,118436,9615],{"class":85},[43,118438,283],{"class":81},[43,118440,800],{"class":53},[43,118442,278],{"class":81},[43,118444,10725],{"class":85},[43,118446,283],{"class":81},[43,118448,800],{"class":53},[43,118450,278],{"class":81},[43,118452,7992],{"class":85},[43,118454,283],{"class":81},[43,118456,3955],{"class":53},[29,118458,8738,118460],{"id":118459},"using-reversetrue",[18,118461,78150],{},[14,118463,133,118464,118466],{},[18,118465,78150],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[34,118468,118470],{"className":36,"code":118469,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[18,118471,118472,118492,118496,118510],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118473,118474,118476,118478,118480,118482,118484,118486,118488,118490],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118475,3937],{"class":207},[43,118477,212],{"class":211},[43,118479,3942],{"class":53},[43,118481,2409],{"class":63},[43,118483,800],{"class":53},[43,118485,5823],{"class":63},[43,118487,800],{"class":53},[43,118489,803],{"class":63},[43,118491,3955],{"class":53},[43,118493,118494],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,118495,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,118497,118498,118500,118502,118504,118506,118508],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,118499,50],{"class":49},[43,118501,54],{"class":53},[43,118503,74573],{"class":49},[43,118505,54],{"class":53},[43,118507,3969],{"class":236},[43,118509,67],{"class":53},[43,118511,118512,118514,118516,118518,118520,118522,118524,118526,118528,118530],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,118513,50],{"class":49},[43,118515,54],{"class":53},[43,118517,74573],{"class":49},[43,118519,54],{"class":53},[43,118521,3969],{"class":236},[43,118523,800],{"class":53},[43,118525,78129],{"class":9491},[43,118527,212],{"class":211},[43,118529,105],{"class":104},[43,118531,67],{"class":53},[14,118533,110],{},[34,118535,118537],{"className":36,"code":118536,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,118538,118539,118555],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118540,118541,118543,118545,118547,118549,118551,118553],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118542,4221],{"class":53},[43,118544,797],{"class":63},[43,118546,800],{"class":53},[43,118548,803],{"class":63},[43,118550,800],{"class":53},[43,118552,808],{"class":63},[43,118554,3955],{"class":53},[43,118556,118557,118559,118561,118563,118565,118567,118569],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,118558,4221],{"class":53},[43,118560,2409],{"class":63},[43,118562,800],{"class":53},[43,118564,803],{"class":63},[43,118566,800],{"class":53},[43,118568,5823],{"class":63},[43,118570,3955],{"class":53},[14,118572,118573],{},"This also works with strings:",[34,118575,118577],{"className":36,"code":118576,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[18,118578,118579,118611,118615,118629],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118580,118581,118583,118585,118587,118589,118591,118593,118595,118597,118599,118601,118603,118605,118607,118609],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118582,4392],{"class":207},[43,118584,212],{"class":211},[43,118586,3942],{"class":53},[43,118588,82],{"class":81},[43,118590,4401],{"class":85},[43,118592,82],{"class":81},[43,118594,800],{"class":53},[43,118596,932],{"class":81},[43,118598,4410],{"class":85},[43,118600,82],{"class":81},[43,118602,800],{"class":53},[43,118604,932],{"class":81},[43,118606,4419],{"class":85},[43,118608,82],{"class":81},[43,118610,3955],{"class":53},[43,118612,118613],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,118614,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,118616,118617,118619,118621,118623,118625,118627],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,118618,50],{"class":49},[43,118620,54],{"class":53},[43,118622,74573],{"class":49},[43,118624,54],{"class":53},[43,118626,4436],{"class":236},[43,118628,67],{"class":53},[43,118630,118631,118633,118635,118637,118639,118641,118643,118645,118647,118649],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,118632,50],{"class":49},[43,118634,54],{"class":53},[43,118636,74573],{"class":49},[43,118638,54],{"class":53},[43,118640,4436],{"class":236},[43,118642,800],{"class":53},[43,118644,78129],{"class":9491},[43,118646,212],{"class":211},[43,118648,105],{"class":104},[43,118650,67],{"class":53},[14,118652,110],{},[34,118654,118655],{"className":36,"code":74217,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,118656,118657,118685],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118658,118659,118661,118663,118665,118667,118669,118671,118673,118675,118677,118679,118681,118683],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118660,4221],{"class":53},[43,118662,283],{"class":81},[43,118664,4401],{"class":85},[43,118666,283],{"class":81},[43,118668,800],{"class":53},[43,118670,278],{"class":81},[43,118672,4410],{"class":85},[43,118674,283],{"class":81},[43,118676,800],{"class":53},[43,118678,278],{"class":81},[43,118680,4419],{"class":85},[43,118682,283],{"class":81},[43,118684,3955],{"class":53},[43,118686,118687,118689,118691,118693,118695,118697,118699,118701,118703,118705,118707,118709,118711],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,118688,4221],{"class":53},[43,118690,283],{"class":81},[43,118692,4419],{"class":85},[43,118694,283],{"class":81},[43,118696,800],{"class":53},[43,118698,278],{"class":81},[43,118700,4410],{"class":85},[43,118702,283],{"class":81},[43,118704,800],{"class":53},[43,118706,278],{"class":81},[43,118708,4401],{"class":85},[43,118710,283],{"class":81},[43,118712,3955],{"class":53},[29,118714,8738,118716,118719],{"id":118715},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[18,118717,118718],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[14,118721,1073,118722,118724],{},[18,118723,118718],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[14,118726,118727],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[14,118729,118730],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[34,118732,118734],{"className":36,"code":118733,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[18,118735,118736,118776,118780,118802],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118737,118738,118740,118742,118744,118746,118748,118750,118752,118754,118756,118758,118760,118762,118764,118766,118768,118770,118772,118774],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118739,4392],{"class":207},[43,118741,212],{"class":211},[43,118743,3942],{"class":53},[43,118745,82],{"class":81},[43,118747,78803],{"class":85},[43,118749,82],{"class":81},[43,118751,800],{"class":53},[43,118753,932],{"class":81},[43,118755,38684],{"class":85},[43,118757,82],{"class":81},[43,118759,800],{"class":53},[43,118761,932],{"class":81},[43,118763,4410],{"class":85},[43,118765,82],{"class":81},[43,118767,800],{"class":53},[43,118769,932],{"class":81},[43,118771,38667],{"class":85},[43,118773,82],{"class":81},[43,118775,3955],{"class":53},[43,118777,118778],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,118779,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,118781,118782,118784,118786,118788,118790,118792,118794,118796,118798,118800],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,118783,1282],{"class":207},[43,118785,212],{"class":211},[43,118787,74617],{"class":49},[43,118789,54],{"class":53},[43,118791,4436],{"class":236},[43,118793,800],{"class":53},[43,118795,21902],{"class":9491},[43,118797,212],{"class":211},[43,118799,11477],{"class":49},[43,118801,227],{"class":53},[43,118803,118804,118806,118808,118810],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,118805,50],{"class":49},[43,118807,54],{"class":53},[43,118809,1306],{"class":236},[43,118811,227],{"class":53},[14,118813,110],{},[34,118815,118817],{"className":36,"code":118816,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[18,118818,118819],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118820,118821,118823,118825,118827,118829,118831,118833,118835,118837,118839,118841,118843,118845,118847,118849,118851,118853],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118822,4221],{"class":53},[43,118824,283],{"class":81},[43,118826,38684],{"class":85},[43,118828,283],{"class":81},[43,118830,800],{"class":53},[43,118832,278],{"class":81},[43,118834,78803],{"class":85},[43,118836,283],{"class":81},[43,118838,800],{"class":53},[43,118840,278],{"class":81},[43,118842,38667],{"class":85},[43,118844,283],{"class":81},[43,118846,800],{"class":53},[43,118848,278],{"class":81},[43,118850,4410],{"class":85},[43,118852,283],{"class":81},[43,118854,3955],{"class":53},[14,118856,21094,118857,118859],{},[18,118858,11477],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[14,118861,118862],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[34,118864,118866],{"className":36,"code":118865,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[18,118867,118868,118901,118905,118931],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118869,118870,118872,118874,118876,118878,118880,118882,118884,118886,118888,118890,118892,118894,118897,118899],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118871,4392],{"class":207},[43,118873,212],{"class":211},[43,118875,3942],{"class":53},[43,118877,82],{"class":81},[43,118879,83422],{"class":85},[43,118881,82],{"class":81},[43,118883,800],{"class":53},[43,118885,932],{"class":81},[43,118887,4401],{"class":85},[43,118889,82],{"class":81},[43,118891,800],{"class":53},[43,118893,932],{"class":81},[43,118895,118896],{"class":85},"Cherry",[43,118898,82],{"class":81},[43,118900,3955],{"class":53},[43,118902,118903],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,118904,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,118906,118907,118909,118911,118913,118915,118917,118919,118921,118923,118925,118927,118929],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,118908,1282],{"class":207},[43,118910,212],{"class":211},[43,118912,74617],{"class":49},[43,118914,54],{"class":53},[43,118916,4436],{"class":236},[43,118918,800],{"class":53},[43,118920,21902],{"class":9491},[43,118922,212],{"class":211},[43,118924,1038],{"class":57},[43,118926,315],{"class":53},[43,118928,8959],{"class":25074},[43,118930,227],{"class":53},[43,118932,118933,118935,118937,118939],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,118934,50],{"class":49},[43,118936,54],{"class":53},[43,118938,1306],{"class":236},[43,118940,227],{"class":53},[14,118942,110],{},[34,118944,118946],{"className":36,"code":118945,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[18,118947,118948],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,118949,118950,118952,118954,118956,118958,118960,118962,118964,118966,118968,118970,118972,118974],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,118951,4221],{"class":53},[43,118953,283],{"class":81},[43,118955,4401],{"class":85},[43,118957,283],{"class":81},[43,118959,800],{"class":53},[43,118961,278],{"class":81},[43,118963,83422],{"class":85},[43,118965,283],{"class":81},[43,118967,800],{"class":53},[43,118969,278],{"class":81},[43,118971,118896],{"class":85},[43,118973,283],{"class":81},[43,118975,3955],{"class":53},[14,118977,118978,118979,35652,118981,315],{},"You can learn more about ",[18,118980,42412],{},[189,118982,3894,118983,3827],{"href":42409},[18,118984,42412],{},[29,118986,118988,10901,118990],{"id":118987},"sorted-vs-listsort",[18,118989,74483],{},[18,118991,77926],{},[14,118993,118994],{},"The main difference is this:",[150,118996,118997,119002],{},[153,118998,118999,119001],{},[18,119000,74483],{}," returns a new list",[153,119003,119004,74021],{},[18,119005,77926],{},[14,119007,119008],{},"Also:",[150,119010,119011,119016],{},[153,119012,119013,119015],{},[18,119014,74483],{}," works with many iterables",[153,119017,119018,79359],{},[18,119019,77926],{},[14,119021,133,119022,10916],{},[18,119023,74483],{},[150,119025,119026,119029],{},[153,119027,119028],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[153,119030,119031],{},"your data is not a list",[14,119033,119034,119035,315],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[189,119036,3894,119037,10901,119039,6109],{"href":79184},[18,119038,74483],{},[18,119040,77926],{},[29,119042,119044],{"id":119043},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[14,119046,119047,119048,315],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[18,119049,74483],{},[402,119051,119053],{"id":119052},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[14,119055,119056,119057,325],{},"This can raise a ",[18,119058,823],{},[34,119060,119062],{"className":36,"code":119061,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[18,119063,119064,119088],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,119065,119066,119068,119070,119072,119074,119076,119078,119080,119082,119084,119086],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,119067,4144],{"class":207},[43,119069,212],{"class":211},[43,119071,3942],{"class":53},[43,119073,797],{"class":63},[43,119075,800],{"class":53},[43,119077,932],{"class":81},[43,119079,447],{"class":85},[43,119081,82],{"class":81},[43,119083,800],{"class":53},[43,119085,808],{"class":63},[43,119087,3955],{"class":53},[43,119089,119090,119092,119094,119096,119098,119100],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,119091,50],{"class":49},[43,119093,54],{"class":53},[43,119095,74573],{"class":49},[43,119097,54],{"class":53},[43,119099,5683],{"class":236},[43,119101,67],{"class":53},[14,119103,119104],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[402,119106,119108,119109,1078],{"id":119107},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[18,119110,15163],{},[14,119112,119113],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[14,119115,197],{},[34,119117,119119],{"className":36,"code":119118,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[18,119120,119121,119141],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,119122,119123,119125,119127,119129,119131,119133,119135,119137,119139],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,119124,3937],{"class":207},[43,119126,212],{"class":211},[43,119128,3942],{"class":53},[43,119130,512],{"class":63},[43,119132,800],{"class":53},[43,119134,803],{"class":63},[43,119136,800],{"class":53},[43,119138,8120],{"class":63},[43,119140,3955],{"class":53},[43,119142,119143,119145,119147,119149,119151,119153,119155,119157,119159,119161],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,119144,50],{"class":49},[43,119146,54],{"class":53},[43,119148,74573],{"class":49},[43,119150,54],{"class":53},[43,119152,3969],{"class":236},[43,119154,800],{"class":53},[43,119156,21902],{"class":9491},[43,119158,212],{"class":211},[43,119160,11477],{"class":49},[43,119162,67],{"class":53},[14,119164,48564,119165,119167],{},[18,119166,42412],{}," does not work on integers.",[402,119169,119171],{"id":119170},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[14,119173,119174],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[34,119176,119178],{"className":36,"code":119177,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,119179,119180,119200,119210,119214],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,119181,119182,119184,119186,119188,119190,119192,119194,119196,119198],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,119183,3937],{"class":207},[43,119185,212],{"class":211},[43,119187,3942],{"class":53},[43,119189,2409],{"class":63},[43,119191,800],{"class":53},[43,119193,5823],{"class":63},[43,119195,800],{"class":53},[43,119197,803],{"class":63},[43,119199,3955],{"class":53},[43,119201,119202,119204,119206,119208],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,119203,74573],{"class":49},[43,119205,54],{"class":53},[43,119207,3969],{"class":236},[43,119209,227],{"class":53},[43,119211,119212],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,119213,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,119215,119216,119218,119220,119222],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,119217,50],{"class":49},[43,119219,54],{"class":53},[43,119221,3969],{"class":236},[43,119223,227],{"class":53},[14,119225,110],{},[34,119227,119229],{"className":36,"code":119228,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[18,119230,119231],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,119232,119233,119235,119237,119239,119241,119243,119245],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,119234,4221],{"class":53},[43,119236,2409],{"class":63},[43,119238,800],{"class":53},[43,119240,5823],{"class":63},[43,119242,800],{"class":53},[43,119244,803],{"class":63},[43,119246,3955],{"class":53},[14,119248,119249],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[29,119251,3160],{"id":3159},[150,119253,119254,119258,119261,119266,119270],{},[153,119255,4903,119256,74021],{},[18,119257,74483],{},[153,119259,119260],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[153,119262,1572,119263,119265],{},[18,119264,74483],{}," always returns a list",[153,119267,8738,119268,23427],{},[18,119269,118718],{},[153,119271,29974,119272,119274,119275],{},[18,119273,64370],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[18,119276,74483],{},[14,119278,119279],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[34,119281,119283],{"className":36,"code":119282,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[18,119284,119285,119307,119333,119371],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,119286,119287,119289,119291,119293,119295,119297,119299,119301,119303,119305],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,119288,50],{"class":49},[43,119290,54],{"class":53},[43,119292,74573],{"class":49},[43,119294,794],{"class":53},[43,119296,2409],{"class":63},[43,119298,800],{"class":53},[43,119300,5823],{"class":63},[43,119302,800],{"class":53},[43,119304,803],{"class":63},[43,119306,811],{"class":53},[43,119308,119309,119311,119313,119315,119317,119319,119321,119323,119325,119327,119329,119331],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,119310,50],{"class":49},[43,119312,54],{"class":53},[43,119314,248],{"class":57},[43,119316,54],{"class":53},[43,119318,74573],{"class":49},[43,119320,5836],{"class":53},[43,119322,2409],{"class":63},[43,119324,800],{"class":53},[43,119326,5823],{"class":63},[43,119328,800],{"class":53},[43,119330,803],{"class":63},[43,119332,93426],{"class":53},[43,119334,119335,119337,119339,119341,119343,119345,119347,119349,119351,119353,119355,119357,119359,119361,119363,119365,119367,119369],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,119336,50],{"class":49},[43,119338,54],{"class":53},[43,119340,74573],{"class":49},[43,119342,794],{"class":53},[43,119344,283],{"class":81},[43,119346,83422],{"class":85},[43,119348,283],{"class":81},[43,119350,800],{"class":53},[43,119352,278],{"class":81},[43,119354,4401],{"class":85},[43,119356,283],{"class":81},[43,119358,18384],{"class":53},[43,119360,21902],{"class":9491},[43,119362,212],{"class":211},[43,119364,1038],{"class":57},[43,119366,315],{"class":53},[43,119368,8959],{"class":25074},[43,119370,67],{"class":53},[43,119372,119373,119375,119377,119379,119381,119383,119385,119387,119389,119391,119393,119395,119397,119399],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,119374,50],{"class":49},[43,119376,54],{"class":53},[43,119378,74573],{"class":49},[43,119380,794],{"class":53},[43,119382,2409],{"class":63},[43,119384,800],{"class":53},[43,119386,5823],{"class":63},[43,119388,800],{"class":53},[43,119390,803],{"class":63},[43,119392,18384],{"class":53},[43,119394,78129],{"class":9491},[43,119396,212],{"class":211},[43,119398,105],{"class":104},[43,119400,67],{"class":53},[14,119402,119403,119404,315],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[189,119405,52827],{"href":51034},[29,119407,2162],{"id":2161},[402,119409,13023,119411,57220],{"id":119410},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[18,119412,74483],{},[14,119414,119415],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[402,119417,5466,119419,13035],{"id":119418},"what-does-sorted-return",[18,119420,74483],{},[14,119422,119423],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[402,119425,119427,119428,11407,119430,2822],{"id":119426},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[18,119429,74483],{},[18,119431,77926],{},[14,119433,133,119434,119436],{},[18,119435,74483],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[402,119438,5466,119440,86510,119442,2822],{"id":119439},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[18,119441,118718],{},[18,119443,74483],{},[14,119445,119446],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[402,119448,5481,119450,119452,119453,2822],{"id":119449},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[18,119451,74483],{}," give a ",[18,119454,823],{},[14,119456,119457],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[29,119459,2229],{"id":2228},[150,119461,119462,119466,119474,119478,119484,119490],{},[153,119463,119464],{},[189,119465,79932],{"href":78435},[153,119467,119468],{},[189,119469,3894,119470,10901,119472,6109],{"href":79184},[18,119471,74483],{},[18,119473,77926],{},[153,119475,119476],{},[189,119477,52827],{"href":51034},[153,119479,119480],{},[189,119481,3894,119482,3827],{"href":42409},[18,119483,42412],{},[153,119485,119486],{},[189,119487,3894,119488,3827],{"href":92082},[18,119489,36072],{},[153,119491,119492],{},[189,119493,3894,119494,3827],{"href":36519},[18,119495,36522],{},[2262,119497,119498],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":119500},[119501,119502,119504,119507,119508,119515,119517,119519,119521,119527,119528,119540],{"id":3926,"depth":70,"text":3927},{"id":117781,"depth":70,"text":119503},"What sorted() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290,"children":119505},[119506],{"id":17717,"depth":93,"text":17718},{"id":11791,"depth":70,"text":11792},{"id":118020,"depth":70,"text":118021,"children":119509},[119510,119511,119512,119513,119514],{"id":849,"depth":93,"text":118029},{"id":49007,"depth":93,"text":118093},{"id":6613,"depth":93,"text":118190},{"id":61232,"depth":93,"text":118254},{"id":15926,"depth":93,"text":29547},{"id":118459,"depth":70,"text":119516},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118715,"depth":70,"text":119518},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118987,"depth":70,"text":119520},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119043,"depth":70,"text":119044,"children":119522},[119523,119524,119526],{"id":119052,"depth":93,"text":119053},{"id":119107,"depth":93,"text":119525},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119170,"depth":93,"text":119171},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":119529},[119530,119532,119534,119536,119538],{"id":119410,"depth":93,"text":119531},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119418,"depth":93,"text":119533},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119426,"depth":93,"text":119535},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119439,"depth":93,"text":119537},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119449,"depth":93,"text":119539},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117683,"description":119541},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119548,"title":119549,"body":119550,"description":121661,"extension":2312,"meta":121662,"navigation":958,"path":79184,"seo":121663,"stem":121664,"__hash__":121665},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119551,"toc":121608},[119552,119559,119562,119572,119578,119581,119599,119607,119609,119668,119676,119680,119702,119706,119710,119712,119729,119731,119743,119749,119833,119837,119884,119890,119897,119901,119906,119908,119920,119925,119978,119982,120002,120009,120016,120020,120023,120042,120046,120160,120164,120234,120236,120248,120253,120257,120270,120274,120349,120353,120392,120399,120405,120410,120414,120428,120432,120497,120501,120534,120537,120542,120550,120557,120570,120573,120577,120660,120664,120701,120705,120808,120812,120873,120878,120885,120889,120892,120898,120901,120968,120972,120996,120998,121016,121023,121076,121080,121100,121106,121108,121165,121172,121198,121203,121208,121216,121222,121282,121286,121333,121336,121338,121341,121367,121370,121463,121465,121485,121489,121492,121510,121516,121518,121526,121531,121538,121541,121547,121550,121556,121564,121572,121577,121579,121605],[10,119553,3894,119555,10901,119557,93140],{"id":119554},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[18,119556,74483],{},[18,119558,77926],{},[14,119560,119561],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[150,119563,119564,119568],{},[153,119565,119566],{},[18,119567,74483],{},[153,119569,119570],{},[18,119571,77926],{},[14,119573,119574,119575,119577],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[913,119576,734],{}," behave the same way.",[14,119579,119580],{},"The main difference is simple:",[150,119582,119583,119591],{},[153,119584,133,119585,119587,119588],{},[18,119586,74483],{}," when you want a ",[913,119589,119590],{},"new sorted result",[153,119592,133,119593,119595,119596],{},[18,119594,77926],{}," when you want to ",[913,119597,119598],{},"change the original list",[14,119600,119601,119602,2733,119604,119606],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[18,119603,77926],{},[18,119605,4099],{}," and causes confusion.",[29,119608,3927],{"id":3926},[34,119610,119612],{"className":36,"code":119611,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[18,119613,119614,119634,119638,119655],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,119615,119616,119618,119620,119622,119624,119626,119628,119630,119632],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,119617,3937],{"class":207},[43,119619,212],{"class":211},[43,119621,3942],{"class":53},[43,119623,2409],{"class":63},[43,119625,800],{"class":53},[43,119627,5823],{"class":63},[43,119629,800],{"class":53},[43,119631,803],{"class":63},[43,119633,3955],{"class":53},[43,119635,119636],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,119637,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,119639,119640,119642,119644,119646,119648,119650,119652],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,119641,55946],{"class":207},[43,119643,212],{"class":211},[43,119645,74617],{"class":49},[43,119647,54],{"class":53},[43,119649,3969],{"class":236},[43,119651,1221],{"class":53},[43,119653,119654],{"class":3984},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[43,119656,119657,119659,119661,119663,119665],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,119658,3969],{"class":207},[43,119660,315],{"class":53},[43,119662,35121],{"class":236},[43,119664,830],{"class":53},[43,119666,119667],{"class":3984},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[14,119669,133,119670,119672,119673,119675],{},[18,119671,74483],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[18,119674,77926],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[29,119677,119679],{"id":119678},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[150,119681,119682,119687,119692,119699],{},[153,119683,133,119684,119686],{},[18,119685,74483],{}," to get a new sorted list",[153,119688,133,119689,119691],{},[18,119690,77926],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[153,119693,119694,119695,2733,119697],{},"Understand why ",[18,119696,77926],{},[18,119698,4099],{},[153,119700,119701],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[29,119703,3998,119704,4001],{"id":117781},[18,119705,74483],{},[14,119707,119708,62984],{},[18,119709,74483],{},[14,119711,48981],{},[150,119713,119714,119720,119726],{},[153,119715,119716,119717],{},"returns a ",[913,119718,119719],{},"new list",[153,119721,119722,119723,119725],{},"does ",[913,119724,734],{}," change the original data",[153,119727,119728],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[14,119730,51188],{},[150,119732,119733,119735,119737,119739,119741],{},[153,119734,5624],{},[153,119736,5627],{},[153,119738,5633],{},[153,119740,5630],{},[153,119742,36233],{},[402,119744,35400,119746,119748],{"id":119745},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[18,119747,74483],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[34,119750,119752],{"className":36,"code":119751,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[18,119753,119754,119774,119778,119792,119796,119814],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,119755,119756,119758,119760,119762,119764,119766,119768,119770,119772],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,119757,3937],{"class":207},[43,119759,212],{"class":211},[43,119761,3942],{"class":53},[43,119763,2409],{"class":63},[43,119765,800],{"class":53},[43,119767,5823],{"class":63},[43,119769,800],{"class":53},[43,119771,803],{"class":63},[43,119773,3955],{"class":53},[43,119775,119776],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,119777,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,119779,119780,119782,119784,119786,119788,119790],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,119781,1282],{"class":207},[43,119783,212],{"class":211},[43,119785,74617],{"class":49},[43,119787,54],{"class":53},[43,119789,3969],{"class":236},[43,119791,227],{"class":53},[43,119793,119794],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,119795,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,119797,119798,119800,119802,119804,119806,119808,119810,119812],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,119799,50],{"class":49},[43,119801,54],{"class":53},[43,119803,82],{"class":81},[43,119805,12472],{"class":85},[43,119807,82],{"class":81},[43,119809,800],{"class":53},[43,119811,4586],{"class":236},[43,119813,227],{"class":53},[43,119815,119816,119818,119820,119822,119825,119827,119829,119831],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,119817,50],{"class":49},[43,119819,54],{"class":53},[43,119821,82],{"class":81},[43,119823,119824],{"class":85},"sorted result:",[43,119826,82],{"class":81},[43,119828,800],{"class":53},[43,119830,81276],{"class":236},[43,119832,227],{"class":53},[14,119834,119835],{},[913,119836,110],{},[34,119838,119840],{"className":36,"code":119839,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,119841,119842,119862],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,119843,119844,119846,119848,119850,119852,119854,119856,119858,119860],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,119845,12451],{"class":207},[43,119847,325],{"class":53},[43,119849,3942],{"class":53},[43,119851,2409],{"class":63},[43,119853,800],{"class":53},[43,119855,5823],{"class":63},[43,119857,800],{"class":53},[43,119859,803],{"class":63},[43,119861,3955],{"class":53},[43,119863,119864,119866,119868,119870,119872,119874,119876,119878,119880,119882],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,119865,74573],{"class":49},[43,119867,81276],{"class":207},[43,119869,325],{"class":53},[43,119871,3942],{"class":53},[43,119873,797],{"class":63},[43,119875,800],{"class":53},[43,119877,803],{"class":63},[43,119879,800],{"class":53},[43,119881,808],{"class":63},[43,119883,3955],{"class":53},[14,119885,119886,119887,119889],{},"The important part is that ",[18,119888,3969],{}," stays the same.",[14,119891,119892,119893,315],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[189,119894,3894,119895,3827],{"href":74580},[18,119896,74483],{},[29,119898,3998,119899,4001],{"id":77992},[18,119900,77926],{},[14,119902,119903,119905],{},[18,119904,64370],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[14,119907,48981],{},[150,119909,119910,119913,119916],{},[153,119911,119912],{},"changes the original list directly",[153,119914,119915],{},"only works on lists",[153,119917,4013,119918],{},[18,119919,4099],{},[402,119921,35400,119923,74021],{"id":119922},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[18,119924,77926],{},[34,119926,119928],{"className":36,"code":119927,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,119929,119930,119950,119954,119964,119968],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,119931,119932,119934,119936,119938,119940,119942,119944,119946,119948],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,119933,3937],{"class":207},[43,119935,212],{"class":211},[43,119937,3942],{"class":53},[43,119939,2409],{"class":63},[43,119941,800],{"class":53},[43,119943,5823],{"class":63},[43,119945,800],{"class":53},[43,119947,803],{"class":63},[43,119949,3955],{"class":53},[43,119951,119952],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,119953,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,119955,119956,119958,119960,119962],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,119957,3969],{"class":207},[43,119959,315],{"class":53},[43,119961,35121],{"class":236},[43,119963,1728],{"class":53},[43,119965,119966],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,119967,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,119969,119970,119972,119974,119976],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,119971,50],{"class":49},[43,119973,54],{"class":53},[43,119975,3969],{"class":236},[43,119977,227],{"class":53},[14,119979,119980],{},[913,119981,110],{},[34,119983,119984],{"className":36,"code":55206,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,119985,119986],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,119987,119988,119990,119992,119994,119996,119998,120000],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,119989,4221],{"class":53},[43,119991,797],{"class":63},[43,119993,800],{"class":53},[43,119995,803],{"class":63},[43,119997,800],{"class":53},[43,119999,808],{"class":63},[43,120001,3955],{"class":53},[14,120003,120004,120005,120008],{},"After calling ",[18,120006,120007],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[14,120010,120011,120012,315],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[189,120013,3894,120014,11055],{"href":74834},[18,120015,77926],{},[29,120017,120019],{"id":120018},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[14,120021,120022],{},"Here is the core difference:",[150,120024,120025,120034],{},[153,120026,120027,120030,120031],{},[18,120028,120029],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[913,120032,120033],{},"new sorted list",[153,120035,120036,120039,120040,74391],{},[18,120037,120038],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[18,120041,8659],{},[402,120043,120045],{"id":120044},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[34,120047,120049],{"className":36,"code":120048,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[18,120050,120051,120071,120075,120089,120108,120127,120131,120141],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,120052,120053,120055,120057,120059,120061,120063,120065,120067,120069],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,120054,3937],{"class":207},[43,120056,212],{"class":211},[43,120058,3942],{"class":53},[43,120060,64],{"class":63},[43,120062,800],{"class":53},[43,120064,803],{"class":63},[43,120066,800],{"class":53},[43,120068,2789],{"class":63},[43,120070,3955],{"class":53},[43,120072,120073],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,120074,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,120076,120077,120079,120081,120083,120085,120087],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,120078,1178],{"class":207},[43,120080,212],{"class":211},[43,120082,74617],{"class":49},[43,120084,54],{"class":53},[43,120086,3969],{"class":236},[43,120088,227],{"class":53},[43,120090,120091,120093,120095,120097,120100,120102,120104,120106],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,120092,50],{"class":49},[43,120094,54],{"class":53},[43,120096,82],{"class":81},[43,120098,120099],{"class":85},"numbers after sorted():",[43,120101,82],{"class":81},[43,120103,800],{"class":53},[43,120105,4586],{"class":236},[43,120107,227],{"class":53},[43,120109,120110,120112,120114,120116,120119,120121,120123,120125],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,120111,50],{"class":49},[43,120113,54],{"class":53},[43,120115,82],{"class":81},[43,120117,120118],{"class":85},"a:",[43,120120,82],{"class":81},[43,120122,800],{"class":53},[43,120124,56944],{"class":236},[43,120126,227],{"class":53},[43,120128,120129],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,120130,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,120132,120133,120135,120137,120139],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,120134,3969],{"class":207},[43,120136,315],{"class":53},[43,120138,35121],{"class":236},[43,120140,1728],{"class":53},[43,120142,120143,120145,120147,120149,120152,120154,120156,120158],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,120144,50],{"class":49},[43,120146,54],{"class":53},[43,120148,82],{"class":81},[43,120150,120151],{"class":85},"numbers after sort():",[43,120153,82],{"class":81},[43,120155,800],{"class":53},[43,120157,4586],{"class":236},[43,120159,227],{"class":53},[14,120161,120162],{},[913,120163,110],{},[34,120165,120167],{"className":36,"code":120166,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[18,120168,120169,120192,120212],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,120170,120171,120174,120176,120178,120180,120182,120184,120186,120188,120190],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,120172,120173],{"class":207},"numbers after ",[43,120175,74573],{"class":49},[43,120177,29908],{"class":53},[43,120179,3942],{"class":53},[43,120181,64],{"class":63},[43,120183,800],{"class":53},[43,120185,803],{"class":63},[43,120187,800],{"class":53},[43,120189,2789],{"class":63},[43,120191,3955],{"class":53},[43,120193,120194,120196,120198,120200,120202,120204,120206,120208,120210],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,120195,189],{"class":207},[43,120197,325],{"class":53},[43,120199,3942],{"class":53},[43,120201,447],{"class":63},[43,120203,800],{"class":53},[43,120205,2789],{"class":63},[43,120207,800],{"class":53},[43,120209,4929],{"class":63},[43,120211,3955],{"class":53},[43,120213,120214,120216,120218,120220,120222,120224,120226,120228,120230,120232],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,120215,120173],{"class":207},[43,120217,35121],{"class":236},[43,120219,29908],{"class":53},[43,120221,3942],{"class":53},[43,120223,447],{"class":63},[43,120225,800],{"class":53},[43,120227,2789],{"class":63},[43,120229,800],{"class":53},[43,120231,4929],{"class":63},[43,120233,3955],{"class":53},[14,120235,2132],{},[150,120237,120238,120243],{},[153,120239,120240,120242],{},[18,120241,74483],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[153,120244,120245,120247],{},[18,120246,64370],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[29,120249,5284,120251],{"id":120250},"when-to-use-sorted",[18,120252,74483],{},[14,120254,133,120255,10916],{},[18,120256,74483],{},[150,120258,120259,120262,120264,120267],{},[153,120260,120261],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[153,120263,119031],{},[153,120265,120266],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[153,120268,120269],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[402,120271,120273],{"id":120272},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[34,120275,120277],{"className":36,"code":120276,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,120278,120279,120303,120307,120321,120325,120335],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,120280,120281,120283,120285,120287,120289,120291,120293,120295,120297,120299,120301],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,120282,3937],{"class":207},[43,120284,212],{"class":211},[43,120286,9552],{"class":53},[43,120288,2835],{"class":63},[43,120290,800],{"class":53},[43,120292,5823],{"class":63},[43,120294,800],{"class":53},[43,120296,808],{"class":63},[43,120298,800],{"class":53},[43,120300,803],{"class":63},[43,120302,227],{"class":53},[43,120304,120305],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,120306,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,120308,120309,120311,120313,120315,120317,120319],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,120310,1282],{"class":207},[43,120312,212],{"class":211},[43,120314,74617],{"class":49},[43,120316,54],{"class":53},[43,120318,3969],{"class":236},[43,120320,227],{"class":53},[43,120322,120323],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,120324,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,120326,120327,120329,120331,120333],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,120328,50],{"class":49},[43,120330,54],{"class":53},[43,120332,1306],{"class":236},[43,120334,227],{"class":53},[43,120336,120337,120339,120341,120343,120345,120347],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,120338,50],{"class":49},[43,120340,54],{"class":53},[43,120342,248],{"class":57},[43,120344,54],{"class":53},[43,120346,1306],{"class":236},[43,120348,67],{"class":53},[14,120350,120351],{},[913,120352,110],{},[34,120354,120356],{"className":36,"code":120355,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,120357,120358,120378],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,120359,120360,120362,120364,120366,120368,120370,120372,120374,120376],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,120361,4221],{"class":53},[43,120363,797],{"class":63},[43,120365,800],{"class":53},[43,120367,803],{"class":63},[43,120369,800],{"class":53},[43,120371,808],{"class":63},[43,120373,800],{"class":53},[43,120375,2789],{"class":63},[43,120377,3955],{"class":53},[43,120379,120380,120382,120384,120386,120388,120390],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,120381,271],{"class":211},[43,120383,275],{"class":274},[43,120385,278],{"class":81},[43,120387,849],{"class":85},[43,120389,283],{"class":81},[43,120391,286],{"class":211},[14,120393,2626,120394,120396,120397,315],{},[18,120395,74483],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[913,120398,849],{},[14,120400,120401,120402,120404],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[189,120403,52827],{"href":51034}," is a helpful next step.",[29,120406,5284,120408],{"id":120407},"when-to-use-listsort",[18,120409,77926],{},[14,120411,133,120412,10916],{},[18,120413,77926],{},[150,120415,120416,120419,120422,120425],{},[153,120417,120418],{},"you already have a list",[153,120420,120421],{},"you want to update that list directly",[153,120423,120424],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[153,120426,120427],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[402,120429,120431],{"id":120430},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[34,120433,120435],{"className":36,"code":120434,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[18,120436,120437,120469,120473,120483,120487],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,120438,120439,120441,120443,120445,120447,120449,120451,120453,120455,120457,120459,120461,120463,120465,120467],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,120440,5318],{"class":207},[43,120442,212],{"class":211},[43,120444,3942],{"class":53},[43,120446,82],{"class":81},[43,120448,5345],{"class":85},[43,120450,82],{"class":81},[43,120452,800],{"class":53},[43,120454,932],{"class":81},[43,120456,5327],{"class":85},[43,120458,82],{"class":81},[43,120460,800],{"class":53},[43,120462,932],{"class":81},[43,120464,5336],{"class":85},[43,120466,82],{"class":81},[43,120468,3955],{"class":53},[43,120470,120471],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,120472,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,120474,120475,120477,120479,120481],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,120476,5362],{"class":207},[43,120478,315],{"class":53},[43,120480,35121],{"class":236},[43,120482,1728],{"class":53},[43,120484,120485],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,120486,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,120488,120489,120491,120493,120495],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,120490,50],{"class":49},[43,120492,54],{"class":53},[43,120494,5362],{"class":236},[43,120496,227],{"class":53},[14,120498,120499],{},[913,120500,110],{},[34,120502,120504],{"className":36,"code":120503,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[18,120505,120506],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,120507,120508,120510,120512,120514,120516,120518,120520,120522,120524,120526,120528,120530,120532],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,120509,4221],{"class":53},[43,120511,283],{"class":81},[43,120513,5327],{"class":85},[43,120515,283],{"class":81},[43,120517,800],{"class":53},[43,120519,278],{"class":81},[43,120521,5336],{"class":85},[43,120523,283],{"class":81},[43,120525,800],{"class":53},[43,120527,278],{"class":81},[43,120529,5345],{"class":85},[43,120531,283],{"class":81},[43,120533,3955],{"class":53},[14,120535,120536],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[14,120538,120539,120540,315],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[189,120541,79932],{"href":78435},[29,120543,120545,895,120547,120549],{"id":120544},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[18,120546,73636],{},[18,120548,15163],{}," work with both",[14,120551,2004,120552,895,120554,120556],{},[18,120553,74483],{},[18,120555,77926],{}," support:",[150,120558,120559,120564],{},[153,120560,120561,120563],{},[18,120562,78150],{}," for descending order",[153,120565,120566,120569],{},[18,120567,120568],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[14,120571,120572],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[402,120574,120576],{"id":120575},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[34,120578,120580],{"className":36,"code":120579,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,120581,120582,120602,120606,120628,120632,120650],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,120583,120584,120586,120588,120590,120592,120594,120596,120598,120600],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,120585,3937],{"class":207},[43,120587,212],{"class":211},[43,120589,3942],{"class":53},[43,120591,2409],{"class":63},[43,120593,800],{"class":53},[43,120595,5823],{"class":63},[43,120597,800],{"class":53},[43,120599,803],{"class":63},[43,120601,3955],{"class":53},[43,120603,120604],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,120605,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,120607,120608,120610,120612,120614,120616,120618,120620,120622,120624,120626],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,120609,50],{"class":49},[43,120611,54],{"class":53},[43,120613,74573],{"class":49},[43,120615,54],{"class":53},[43,120617,3969],{"class":236},[43,120619,800],{"class":53},[43,120621,78129],{"class":9491},[43,120623,212],{"class":211},[43,120625,105],{"class":104},[43,120627,67],{"class":53},[43,120629,120630],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,120631,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,120633,120634,120636,120638,120640,120642,120644,120646,120648],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,120635,3969],{"class":207},[43,120637,315],{"class":53},[43,120639,35121],{"class":236},[43,120641,54],{"class":53},[43,120643,73636],{"class":9491},[43,120645,212],{"class":211},[43,120647,105],{"class":104},[43,120649,227],{"class":53},[43,120651,120652,120654,120656,120658],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,120653,50],{"class":49},[43,120655,54],{"class":53},[43,120657,3969],{"class":236},[43,120659,227],{"class":53},[14,120661,120662],{},[913,120663,110],{},[34,120665,120667],{"className":36,"code":120666,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,120668,120669,120685],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,120670,120671,120673,120675,120677,120679,120681,120683],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,120672,4221],{"class":53},[43,120674,2409],{"class":63},[43,120676,800],{"class":53},[43,120678,803],{"class":63},[43,120680,800],{"class":53},[43,120682,5823],{"class":63},[43,120684,3955],{"class":53},[43,120686,120687,120689,120691,120693,120695,120697,120699],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,120688,4221],{"class":53},[43,120690,2409],{"class":63},[43,120692,800],{"class":53},[43,120694,803],{"class":63},[43,120696,800],{"class":53},[43,120698,5823],{"class":63},[43,120700,3955],{"class":53},[402,120702,120704],{"id":120703},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[34,120706,120708],{"className":36,"code":120707,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[18,120709,120710,120742,120746,120772,120776,120798],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,120711,120712,120714,120716,120718,120720,120722,120724,120726,120728,120730,120732,120734,120736,120738,120740],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,120713,4392],{"class":207},[43,120715,212],{"class":211},[43,120717,3942],{"class":53},[43,120719,82],{"class":81},[43,120721,83422],{"class":85},[43,120723,82],{"class":81},[43,120725,800],{"class":53},[43,120727,932],{"class":81},[43,120729,4401],{"class":85},[43,120731,82],{"class":81},[43,120733,800],{"class":53},[43,120735,932],{"class":81},[43,120737,118896],{"class":85},[43,120739,82],{"class":81},[43,120741,3955],{"class":53},[43,120743,120744],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,120745,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,120747,120748,120750,120752,120754,120756,120758,120760,120762,120764,120766,120768,120770],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,120749,50],{"class":49},[43,120751,54],{"class":53},[43,120753,74573],{"class":49},[43,120755,54],{"class":53},[43,120757,4436],{"class":236},[43,120759,800],{"class":53},[43,120761,21902],{"class":9491},[43,120763,212],{"class":211},[43,120765,1038],{"class":57},[43,120767,315],{"class":53},[43,120769,8959],{"class":25074},[43,120771,67],{"class":53},[43,120773,120774],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,120775,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,120777,120778,120780,120782,120784,120786,120788,120790,120792,120794,120796],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,120779,4436],{"class":207},[43,120781,315],{"class":53},[43,120783,35121],{"class":236},[43,120785,54],{"class":53},[43,120787,15163],{"class":9491},[43,120789,212],{"class":211},[43,120791,1038],{"class":57},[43,120793,315],{"class":53},[43,120795,8959],{"class":25074},[43,120797,227],{"class":53},[43,120799,120800,120802,120804,120806],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,120801,50],{"class":49},[43,120803,54],{"class":53},[43,120805,4436],{"class":236},[43,120807,227],{"class":53},[14,120809,120810],{},[913,120811,110],{},[34,120813,120815],{"className":36,"code":120814,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[18,120816,120817,120845],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,120818,120819,120821,120823,120825,120827,120829,120831,120833,120835,120837,120839,120841,120843],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,120820,4221],{"class":53},[43,120822,283],{"class":81},[43,120824,4401],{"class":85},[43,120826,283],{"class":81},[43,120828,800],{"class":53},[43,120830,278],{"class":81},[43,120832,83422],{"class":85},[43,120834,283],{"class":81},[43,120836,800],{"class":53},[43,120838,278],{"class":81},[43,120840,118896],{"class":85},[43,120842,283],{"class":81},[43,120844,3955],{"class":53},[43,120846,120847,120849,120851,120853,120855,120857,120859,120861,120863,120865,120867,120869,120871],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,120848,4221],{"class":53},[43,120850,283],{"class":81},[43,120852,4401],{"class":85},[43,120854,283],{"class":81},[43,120856,800],{"class":53},[43,120858,278],{"class":81},[43,120860,83422],{"class":85},[43,120862,283],{"class":81},[43,120864,800],{"class":53},[43,120866,278],{"class":81},[43,120868,118896],{"class":85},[43,120870,283],{"class":81},[43,120872,3955],{"class":53},[14,120874,8738,120875,120877],{},[18,120876,78644],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[14,120879,120880,120881,315],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[189,120882,120884],{"href":120883},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[29,120886,120888],{"id":120887},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[14,120890,120891],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[402,120893,120895,120896,12916],{"id":120894},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[18,120897,77926],{},[14,120899,120900],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[34,120902,120904],{"className":36,"code":120903,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,120905,120906,120926,120930,120944,120948,120958],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,120907,120908,120910,120912,120914,120916,120918,120920,120922,120924],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,120909,3937],{"class":207},[43,120911,212],{"class":211},[43,120913,3942],{"class":53},[43,120915,2409],{"class":63},[43,120917,800],{"class":53},[43,120919,5823],{"class":63},[43,120921,800],{"class":53},[43,120923,803],{"class":63},[43,120925,3955],{"class":53},[43,120927,120928],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,120929,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,120931,120932,120934,120936,120938,120940,120942],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,120933,1282],{"class":207},[43,120935,212],{"class":211},[43,120937,4586],{"class":207},[43,120939,315],{"class":53},[43,120941,35121],{"class":236},[43,120943,1728],{"class":53},[43,120945,120946],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,120947,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,120949,120950,120952,120954,120956],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,120951,50],{"class":49},[43,120953,54],{"class":53},[43,120955,1306],{"class":236},[43,120957,227],{"class":53},[43,120959,120960,120962,120964,120966],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,120961,50],{"class":49},[43,120963,54],{"class":53},[43,120965,3969],{"class":236},[43,120967,227],{"class":53},[14,120969,120970],{},[913,120971,110],{},[34,120973,120974],{"className":36,"code":79267,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,120975,120976,120980],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,120977,120978],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,120979,12126],{"class":104},[43,120981,120982,120984,120986,120988,120990,120992,120994],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,120983,4221],{"class":53},[43,120985,797],{"class":63},[43,120987,800],{"class":53},[43,120989,803],{"class":63},[43,120991,800],{"class":53},[43,120993,808],{"class":63},[43,120995,3955],{"class":53},[14,120997,12218],{},[150,120999,121000,121005,121010],{},[153,121001,121002,121004],{},[18,121003,120007],{}," sorts the list in place",[153,121006,35337,121007,121009],{},[913,121008,734],{}," return the sorted list",[153,121011,90046,121012,2218,121014],{},[18,121013,1306],{},[18,121015,4099],{},[402,121017,121019,121020,121022],{"id":121018},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[18,121021,74483],{}," to change the original list",[34,121024,121026],{"className":36,"code":121025,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,121027,121028,121048,121052,121062,121066],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,121029,121030,121032,121034,121036,121038,121040,121042,121044,121046],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,121031,3937],{"class":207},[43,121033,212],{"class":211},[43,121035,3942],{"class":53},[43,121037,2409],{"class":63},[43,121039,800],{"class":53},[43,121041,5823],{"class":63},[43,121043,800],{"class":53},[43,121045,803],{"class":63},[43,121047,3955],{"class":53},[43,121049,121050],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,121051,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,121053,121054,121056,121058,121060],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,121055,74573],{"class":49},[43,121057,54],{"class":53},[43,121059,3969],{"class":236},[43,121061,227],{"class":53},[43,121063,121064],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,121065,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,121067,121068,121070,121072,121074],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,121069,50],{"class":49},[43,121071,54],{"class":53},[43,121073,3969],{"class":236},[43,121075,227],{"class":53},[14,121077,121078],{},[913,121079,110],{},[34,121081,121082],{"className":36,"code":119228,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,121083,121084],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,121085,121086,121088,121090,121092,121094,121096,121098],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,121087,4221],{"class":53},[43,121089,2409],{"class":63},[43,121091,800],{"class":53},[43,121093,5823],{"class":63},[43,121095,800],{"class":53},[43,121097,803],{"class":63},[43,121099,3955],{"class":53},[14,121101,121102,121105],{},[18,121103,121104],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[14,121107,11122],{},[34,121109,121111],{"className":36,"code":121110,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[18,121112,121113,121133,121137,121151,121155],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,121114,121115,121117,121119,121121,121123,121125,121127,121129,121131],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,121116,3937],{"class":207},[43,121118,212],{"class":211},[43,121120,3942],{"class":53},[43,121122,2409],{"class":63},[43,121124,800],{"class":53},[43,121126,5823],{"class":63},[43,121128,800],{"class":53},[43,121130,803],{"class":63},[43,121132,3955],{"class":53},[43,121134,121135],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,121136,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,121138,121139,121141,121143,121145,121147,121149],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,121140,55698],{"class":207},[43,121142,212],{"class":211},[43,121144,74617],{"class":49},[43,121146,54],{"class":53},[43,121148,3969],{"class":236},[43,121150,227],{"class":53},[43,121152,121153],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,121154,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,121156,121157,121159,121161,121163],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,121158,50],{"class":49},[43,121160,54],{"class":53},[43,121162,55717],{"class":236},[43,121164,227],{"class":53},[402,121166,121168,121169,121171],{"id":121167},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[18,121170,64370],{}," on a tuple or string",[34,121173,121174],{"className":36,"code":79369,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,121175,121176,121188],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,121177,121178,121180,121182,121184,121186],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,121179,927],{"class":207},[43,121181,212],{"class":211},[43,121183,932],{"class":81},[43,121185,38],{"class":85},[43,121187,938],{"class":81},[43,121189,121190,121192,121194,121196],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,121191,951],{"class":207},[43,121193,315],{"class":53},[43,121195,35121],{"class":236},[43,121197,1728],{"class":53},[14,121199,121200,121201,33923],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[18,121202,64370],{},[14,121204,121205,121207],{},[18,121206,64370],{}," only works on lists.",[14,121209,121210,121211,121213,121214,315],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[18,121212,74483],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[189,121215,5460],{"href":5912},[402,121217,121219,121220,119265],{"id":121218},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[18,121221,74483],{},[34,121223,121225],{"className":36,"code":121224,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,121226,121227,121240,121254,121258,121268],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,121228,121229,121231,121233,121235,121238],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,121230,927],{"class":207},[43,121232,212],{"class":211},[43,121234,932],{"class":81},[43,121236,121237],{"class":85},"cab",[43,121239,938],{"class":81},[43,121241,121242,121244,121246,121248,121250,121252],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,121243,1282],{"class":207},[43,121245,212],{"class":211},[43,121247,74617],{"class":49},[43,121249,54],{"class":53},[43,121251,951],{"class":236},[43,121253,227],{"class":53},[43,121255,121256],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,121257,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,121259,121260,121262,121264,121266],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,121261,50],{"class":49},[43,121263,54],{"class":53},[43,121265,1306],{"class":236},[43,121267,227],{"class":53},[43,121269,121270,121272,121274,121276,121278,121280],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,121271,50],{"class":49},[43,121273,54],{"class":53},[43,121275,248],{"class":57},[43,121277,54],{"class":53},[43,121279,1306],{"class":236},[43,121281,67],{"class":53},[14,121283,121284],{},[913,121285,110],{},[34,121287,121289],{"className":36,"code":121288,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,121290,121291,121319],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,121292,121293,121295,121297,121299,121301,121303,121305,121307,121309,121311,121313,121315,121317],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,121294,4221],{"class":53},[43,121296,283],{"class":81},[43,121298,189],{"class":85},[43,121300,283],{"class":81},[43,121302,800],{"class":53},[43,121304,278],{"class":81},[43,121306,1231],{"class":85},[43,121308,283],{"class":81},[43,121310,800],{"class":53},[43,121312,278],{"class":81},[43,121314,10055],{"class":85},[43,121316,283],{"class":81},[43,121318,3955],{"class":53},[43,121320,121321,121323,121325,121327,121329,121331],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,121322,271],{"class":211},[43,121324,275],{"class":274},[43,121326,278],{"class":81},[43,121328,849],{"class":85},[43,121330,283],{"class":81},[43,121332,286],{"class":211},[14,121334,121335],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[29,121337,113786],{"id":113785},[14,121339,121340],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[150,121342,121343,121346,121351,121356,121362],{},[153,121344,121345],{},"confusing a function with a method",[153,121347,121348,121349,53700],{},"not knowing that ",[18,121350,64370],{},[153,121352,121353,121354,12916],{},"assigning the result of ",[18,121355,77926],{},[153,121357,121358,121359,121361],{},"trying to use ",[18,121360,64370],{}," on non-list data types",[153,121363,50560,121364,121366],{},[18,121365,74483],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[14,121368,121369],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[34,121371,121373],{"className":36,"code":121372,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[18,121374,121375,121385,121399,121424,121439,121449],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,121376,121377,121379,121381,121383],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,121378,50],{"class":49},[43,121380,54],{"class":53},[43,121382,8659],{"class":236},[43,121384,227],{"class":53},[43,121386,121387,121389,121391,121393,121395,121397],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,121388,50],{"class":49},[43,121390,54],{"class":53},[43,121392,74573],{"class":49},[43,121394,54],{"class":53},[43,121396,8659],{"class":236},[43,121398,67],{"class":53},[43,121400,121401,121403,121405,121407,121409,121411,121413,121416,121418,121420,121422],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,121402,1282],{"class":207},[43,121404,212],{"class":211},[43,121406,8716],{"class":207},[43,121408,315],{"class":53},[43,121410,35121],{"class":236},[43,121412,830],{"class":53},[43,121414,121415],{"class":207},"; ",[43,121417,50],{"class":49},[43,121419,54],{"class":53},[43,121421,1306],{"class":236},[43,121423,227],{"class":53},[43,121425,121426,121428,121430,121432,121434,121437],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,121427,50],{"class":49},[43,121429,54],{"class":53},[43,121431,248],{"class":57},[43,121433,54],{"class":53},[43,121435,121436],{"class":236},"my_data",[43,121438,67],{"class":53},[43,121440,121441,121443,121445,121447],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,121442,32474],{"class":49},[43,121444,54],{"class":53},[43,121446,74573],{"class":49},[43,121448,227],{"class":53},[43,121450,121451,121453,121455,121457,121459,121461],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,121452,32474],{"class":49},[43,121454,54],{"class":53},[43,121456,849],{"class":57},[43,121458,315],{"class":53},[43,121460,35121],{"class":25074},[43,121462,227],{"class":53},[14,121464,84432],{},[150,121466,121467,121470,121474,121482],{},[153,121468,121469],{},"whether your original list changed",[153,121471,26343,121472,12023],{},[18,121473,74483],{},[153,121475,121476,121477,121479,121480],{},"whether ",[18,121478,64370],{}," returned ",[18,121481,4099],{},[153,121483,121484],{},"what type of object you are working with",[29,121486,121488],{"id":121487},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[14,121490,121491],{},"Use this rule:",[150,121493,121494,121502],{},[153,121495,121496,121497,121499,121500],{},"Need a ",[913,121498,119590],{},": use ",[18,121501,74483],{},[153,121503,121504,121505,121499,121508],{},"Need to ",[913,121506,121507],{},"change one list directly",[18,121509,77926],{},[14,121511,121512,121513,121515],{},"For many beginners, ",[18,121514,74483],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[29,121517,2162],{"id":2161},[402,121519,121521,121522,2172,121524,2822],{"id":121520},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[18,121523,74483],{},[18,121525,77926],{},[14,121527,121528,121530],{},[18,121529,74483],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[402,121532,5481,121534,5484,121536,2822],{"id":121533},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[18,121535,77926],{},[18,121537,4099],{},[14,121539,121540],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[402,121542,5493,121544,121546],{"id":121543},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[18,121545,74483],{}," sort a tuple?",[14,121548,121549],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[402,121551,28653,121553,121555],{"id":121552},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[18,121554,64370],{}," on a string?",[14,121557,46418,121558,121560,121561,40255],{},[18,121559,64370],{}," is a list method. Use ",[18,121562,121563],{},"sorted(string)",[402,121565,12137,121567,895,121569,121571],{"id":121566},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[18,121568,74483],{},[18,121570,64370],{}," both support descending order?",[14,121573,121574,121575,315],{},"Yes. Both support ",[18,121576,78150],{},[29,121578,2229],{"id":2228},[150,121580,121581,121587,121593,121597,121601],{},[153,121582,121583],{},[189,121584,3894,121585,3827],{"href":74580},[18,121586,74483],{},[153,121588,121589],{},[189,121590,3894,121591,11055],{"href":74834},[18,121592,77926],{},[153,121594,121595],{},[189,121596,79932],{"href":78435},[153,121598,121599],{},[189,121600,120884],{"href":120883},[153,121602,121603],{},[189,121604,52827],{"href":51034},[2262,121606,121607],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":121609},[121610,121611,121612,121616,121620,121623,121627,121631,121636,121646,121647,121648,121660],{"id":3926,"depth":70,"text":3927},{"id":119678,"depth":70,"text":119679},{"id":117781,"depth":70,"text":119503,"children":121613},[121614],{"id":119745,"depth":93,"text":121615},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77992,"depth":70,"text":79954,"children":121617},[121618],{"id":119922,"depth":93,"text":121619},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":120018,"depth":70,"text":120019,"children":121621},[121622],{"id":120044,"depth":93,"text":120045},{"id":120250,"depth":70,"text":121624,"children":121625},"When to use sorted()",[121626],{"id":120272,"depth":93,"text":120273},{"id":120407,"depth":70,"text":121628,"children":121629},"When to use list.sort()",[121630],{"id":120430,"depth":93,"text":120431},{"id":120544,"depth":70,"text":121632,"children":121633},"reverse and key work with both",[121634,121635],{"id":120575,"depth":93,"text":120576},{"id":120703,"depth":93,"text":120704},{"id":120887,"depth":70,"text":120888,"children":121637},[121638,121640,121642,121644],{"id":120894,"depth":93,"text":121639},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":121018,"depth":93,"text":121641},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121167,"depth":93,"text":121643},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121218,"depth":93,"text":121645},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113785,"depth":70,"text":113786},{"id":121487,"depth":70,"text":121488},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":121649},[121650,121652,121654,121656,121658],{"id":121520,"depth":93,"text":121651},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121533,"depth":93,"text":121653},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121543,"depth":93,"text":121655},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121552,"depth":93,"text":121657},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121566,"depth":93,"text":121659},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119549,"description":121661},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121667,"title":2241,"body":121668,"description":123400,"extension":2312,"meta":123401,"navigation":958,"path":123402,"seo":123403,"stem":123404,"__hash__":123405},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121669,"toc":123357},[121670,121675,121680,121686,121688,121743,121747,121770,121775,121780,121785,121787,121818,121821,121835,121837,121839,121854,121859,121863,121866,121917,121921,121935,121942,121946,121950,122005,122009,122032,122036,122092,122096,122119,122123,122178,122182,122205,122209,122276,122280,122315,122321,122326,122331,122333,122347,122349,122423,122427,122447,122452,122459,122462,122474,122476,122545,122549,122586,122589,122614,122621,122630,122633,122645,122651,122657,122659,122665,122670,122749,122753,122794,122798,122800,122827,122830,122853,122856,122862,122865,122902,122914,122921,122923,122974,122977,123009,123012,123014,123021,123023,123038,123040,123097,123101,123125,123127,123132,123148,123155,123159,123162,123245,123255,123257,123262,123265,123271,123274,123280,123283,123289,123292,123299,123307,123309,123354],[10,121671,3894,121673,3898],{"id":121672},"python-str-function-explained",[18,121674,47737],{},[14,121676,32639,121677,121679],{},[18,121678,47737],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[14,121681,121682,121683,121685],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[18,121684,47737],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[29,121687,32],{"id":31},[34,121689,121691],{"className":36,"code":121690,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121692,121693,121701,121715,121719,121729],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,121694,121695,121697,121699],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,121696,21951],{"class":207},[43,121698,212],{"class":211},[43,121700,45278],{"class":63},[43,121702,121703,121705,121707,121709,121711,121713],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,121704,927],{"class":207},[43,121706,212],{"class":211},[43,121708,48958],{"class":57},[43,121710,54],{"class":53},[43,121712,9615],{"class":236},[43,121714,227],{"class":53},[43,121716,121717],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,121718,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,121720,121721,121723,121725,121727],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,121722,50],{"class":49},[43,121724,54],{"class":53},[43,121726,951],{"class":236},[43,121728,227],{"class":53},[43,121730,121731,121733,121735,121737,121739,121741],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,121732,50],{"class":49},[43,121734,54],{"class":53},[43,121736,248],{"class":57},[43,121738,54],{"class":53},[43,121740,951],{"class":236},[43,121742,67],{"class":53},[14,121744,121745],{},[913,121746,110],{},[34,121748,121750],{"className":36,"code":121749,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121751,121752,121756],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,121753,121754],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,121755,3038],{"class":63},[43,121757,121758,121760,121762,121764,121766,121768],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,121759,271],{"class":211},[43,121761,275],{"class":274},[43,121763,278],{"class":81},[43,121765,1038],{"class":85},[43,121767,283],{"class":81},[43,121769,286],{"class":211},[14,121771,133,121772,121774],{},[18,121773,47737],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[29,121776,3998,121778,4001],{"id":121777},"what-str-does",[18,121779,47737],{},[14,121781,121782,121784],{},[18,121783,47737],{}," converts a value into a string.",[14,121786,2453],{},[150,121788,121789,121796,121803,121810],{},[153,121790,121791,121792,2218,121794],{},"An integer like ",[18,121793,512],{},[18,121795,2187],{},[153,121797,121798,121799,2218,121801],{},"A float like ",[18,121800,86],{},[18,121802,48148],{},[153,121804,121805,121806,2218,121808],{},"A boolean like ",[18,121807,105],{},[18,121809,6966],{},[153,121811,121812,121813,2218,121815],{},"A list like ",[18,121814,75305],{},[18,121816,121817],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[14,121819,121820],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[150,121822,121823,121826,121829,121832],{},[153,121824,121825],{},"print it",[153,121827,121828],{},"combine it with other strings",[153,121830,121831],{},"save it to a file",[153,121833,121834],{},"use it in messages",[29,121836,290],{"id":289},[14,121838,293],{},[34,121840,121842],{"className":36,"code":121841,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"str(object)\n",[18,121843,121844],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,121845,121846,121848,121850,121852],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,121847,1038],{"class":57},[43,121849,54],{"class":53},[43,121851,42450],{"class":57},[43,121853,227],{"class":53},[14,121855,21094,121856,121858],{},[18,121857,42450],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[14,121860,121861,8548],{},[18,121862,47737],{},[14,121864,121865],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[34,121867,121869],{"className":36,"code":121868,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,121870,121871,121880,121903,121907],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,121872,121873,121875,121877],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,121874,5419],{"class":207},[43,121876,212],{"class":211},[43,121878,121879],{"class":63}," 100\n",[43,121881,121882,121884,121886,121888,121891,121893,121895,121897,121899,121901],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,121883,90066],{"class":207},[43,121885,212],{"class":211},[43,121887,932],{"class":81},[43,121889,121890],{"class":85},"Your score is ",[43,121892,82],{"class":81},[43,121894,1224],{"class":211},[43,121896,48958],{"class":57},[43,121898,54],{"class":53},[43,121900,85579],{"class":236},[43,121902,227],{"class":53},[43,121904,121905],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,121906,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,121908,121909,121911,121913,121915],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,121910,50],{"class":49},[43,121912,54],{"class":53},[43,121914,90083],{"class":236},[43,121916,227],{"class":53},[14,121918,121919],{},[913,121920,110],{},[34,121922,121924],{"className":36,"code":121923,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Your score is 100\n",[18,121925,121926],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,121927,121928,121931,121933],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,121929,121930],{"class":207},"Your score ",[43,121932,12512],{"class":211},[43,121934,121879],{"class":63},[14,121936,2636,121937,121941],{},[189,121938,121939,1078],{"href":2639},[18,121940,2642],{}," can help you check.",[29,121943,121945],{"id":121944},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[402,121947,121949],{"id":121948},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[34,121951,121953],{"className":36,"code":121952,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121954,121955,121963,121977,121981,121991],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,121956,121957,121959,121961],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,121958,208],{"class":207},[43,121960,212],{"class":211},[43,121962,2916],{"class":63},[43,121964,121965,121967,121969,121971,121973,121975],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,121966,927],{"class":207},[43,121968,212],{"class":211},[43,121970,48958],{"class":57},[43,121972,54],{"class":53},[43,121974,237],{"class":236},[43,121976,227],{"class":53},[43,121978,121979],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,121980,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,121982,121983,121985,121987,121989],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,121984,50],{"class":49},[43,121986,54],{"class":53},[43,121988,951],{"class":236},[43,121990,227],{"class":53},[43,121992,121993,121995,121997,121999,122001,122003],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,121994,50],{"class":49},[43,121996,54],{"class":53},[43,121998,248],{"class":57},[43,122000,54],{"class":53},[43,122002,951],{"class":236},[43,122004,67],{"class":53},[14,122006,122007],{},[913,122008,110],{},[34,122010,122012],{"className":36,"code":122011,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122013,122014,122018],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122015,122016],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122017,2084],{"class":63},[43,122019,122020,122022,122024,122026,122028,122030],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,122021,271],{"class":211},[43,122023,275],{"class":274},[43,122025,278],{"class":81},[43,122027,1038],{"class":85},[43,122029,283],{"class":81},[43,122031,286],{"class":211},[402,122033,122035],{"id":122034},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[34,122037,122039],{"className":36,"code":122038,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,122040,122041,122050,122064,122068,122078],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122042,122043,122045,122047],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122044,365],{"class":207},[43,122046,212],{"class":211},[43,122048,122049],{"class":63}," 3.14\n",[43,122051,122052,122054,122056,122058,122060,122062],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,122053,927],{"class":207},[43,122055,212],{"class":211},[43,122057,48958],{"class":57},[43,122059,54],{"class":53},[43,122061,389],{"class":236},[43,122063,227],{"class":53},[43,122065,122066],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,122067,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,122069,122070,122072,122074,122076],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,122071,50],{"class":49},[43,122073,54],{"class":53},[43,122075,951],{"class":236},[43,122077,227],{"class":53},[43,122079,122080,122082,122084,122086,122088,122090],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,122081,50],{"class":49},[43,122083,54],{"class":53},[43,122085,248],{"class":57},[43,122087,54],{"class":53},[43,122089,951],{"class":236},[43,122091,67],{"class":53},[14,122093,122094],{},[913,122095,110],{},[34,122097,122099],{"className":36,"code":122098,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122100,122101,122105],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122102,122103],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122104,125],{"class":63},[43,122106,122107,122109,122111,122113,122115,122117],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,122108,271],{"class":211},[43,122110,275],{"class":274},[43,122112,278],{"class":81},[43,122114,1038],{"class":85},[43,122116,283],{"class":81},[43,122118,286],{"class":211},[402,122120,122122],{"id":122121},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[34,122124,122126],{"className":36,"code":122125,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,122127,122128,122136,122150,122154,122164],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122129,122130,122132,122134],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122131,1589],{"class":207},[43,122133,212],{"class":211},[43,122135,6748],{"class":104},[43,122137,122138,122140,122142,122144,122146,122148],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,122139,927],{"class":207},[43,122141,212],{"class":211},[43,122143,48958],{"class":57},[43,122145,54],{"class":53},[43,122147,307],{"class":236},[43,122149,227],{"class":53},[43,122151,122152],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,122153,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,122155,122156,122158,122160,122162],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,122157,50],{"class":49},[43,122159,54],{"class":53},[43,122161,951],{"class":236},[43,122163,227],{"class":53},[43,122165,122166,122168,122170,122172,122174,122176],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,122167,50],{"class":49},[43,122169,54],{"class":53},[43,122171,248],{"class":57},[43,122173,54],{"class":53},[43,122175,951],{"class":236},[43,122177,67],{"class":53},[14,122179,122180],{},[913,122181,110],{},[34,122183,122185],{"className":36,"code":122184,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122186,122187,122191],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122188,122189],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122190,4301],{"class":104},[43,122192,122193,122195,122197,122199,122201,122203],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,122194,271],{"class":211},[43,122196,275],{"class":274},[43,122198,278],{"class":81},[43,122200,1038],{"class":85},[43,122202,283],{"class":81},[43,122204,286],{"class":211},[402,122206,122208],{"id":122207},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[34,122210,122212],{"className":36,"code":122211,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,122213,122214,122234,122248,122252,122262],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122215,122216,122218,122220,122222,122224,122226,122228,122230,122232],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122217,8104],{"class":207},[43,122219,212],{"class":211},[43,122221,3942],{"class":53},[43,122223,797],{"class":63},[43,122225,800],{"class":53},[43,122227,803],{"class":63},[43,122229,800],{"class":53},[43,122231,808],{"class":63},[43,122233,3955],{"class":53},[43,122235,122236,122238,122240,122242,122244,122246],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,122237,927],{"class":207},[43,122239,212],{"class":211},[43,122241,48958],{"class":57},[43,122243,54],{"class":53},[43,122245,8135],{"class":236},[43,122247,227],{"class":53},[43,122249,122250],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,122251,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,122253,122254,122256,122258,122260],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,122255,50],{"class":49},[43,122257,54],{"class":53},[43,122259,951],{"class":236},[43,122261,227],{"class":53},[43,122263,122264,122266,122268,122270,122272,122274],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,122265,50],{"class":49},[43,122267,54],{"class":53},[43,122269,248],{"class":57},[43,122271,54],{"class":53},[43,122273,951],{"class":236},[43,122275,67],{"class":53},[14,122277,122278],{},[913,122279,110],{},[34,122281,122283],{"className":36,"code":122282,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122284,122285,122301],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122286,122287,122289,122291,122293,122295,122297,122299],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122288,4221],{"class":53},[43,122290,797],{"class":63},[43,122292,800],{"class":53},[43,122294,803],{"class":63},[43,122296,800],{"class":53},[43,122298,808],{"class":63},[43,122300,3955],{"class":53},[43,122302,122303,122305,122307,122309,122311,122313],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,122304,271],{"class":211},[43,122306,275],{"class":274},[43,122308,278],{"class":81},[43,122310,1038],{"class":85},[43,122312,283],{"class":81},[43,122314,286],{"class":211},[14,122316,122317,122318,122320],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[913,122319,734],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[29,122322,5284,122324],{"id":122323},"when-to-use-str",[18,122325,47737],{},[14,122327,133,122328,122330],{},[18,122329,47737],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[14,122332,36750],{},[150,122334,122335,122338,122341,122344],{},[153,122336,122337],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[153,122339,122340],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[153,122342,122343],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[153,122345,122346],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[14,122348,197],{},[34,122350,122352],{"className":36,"code":122351,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[18,122353,122354,122366,122374,122378,122413],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122355,122356,122358,122360,122362,122364],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122357,8202],{"class":207},[43,122359,212],{"class":211},[43,122361,932],{"class":81},[43,122363,11826],{"class":85},[43,122365,938],{"class":81},[43,122367,122368,122370,122372],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,122369,21951],{"class":207},[43,122371,212],{"class":211},[43,122373,45278],{"class":63},[43,122375,122376],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,122377,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,122379,122380,122382,122384,122386,122388,122390,122392,122394,122396,122398,122400,122402,122404,122406,122408,122411],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,122381,90066],{"class":207},[43,122383,212],{"class":211},[43,122385,36292],{"class":207},[43,122387,2406],{"class":211},[43,122389,932],{"class":81},[43,122391,5106],{"class":85},[43,122393,82],{"class":81},[43,122395,1224],{"class":211},[43,122397,48958],{"class":57},[43,122399,54],{"class":53},[43,122401,9615],{"class":236},[43,122403,1221],{"class":53},[43,122405,1224],{"class":211},[43,122407,932],{"class":81},[43,122409,122410],{"class":85}," years old.",[43,122412,938],{"class":81},[43,122414,122415,122417,122419,122421],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,122416,50],{"class":49},[43,122418,54],{"class":53},[43,122420,90083],{"class":236},[43,122422,227],{"class":53},[14,122424,122425],{},[913,122426,110],{},[34,122428,122430],{"className":36,"code":122429,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[18,122431,122432],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122433,122434,122437,122439,122441,122444],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122435,122436],{"class":207},"Maya ",[43,122438,12512],{"class":211},[43,122440,9622],{"class":63},[43,122442,122443],{"class":207}," years old",[43,122445,122446],{"class":53},".\n",[14,122448,122449,122450,315],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[189,122451,89752],{"href":89751},[29,122453,122455,10901,122457],{"id":122454},"str-vs-print",[18,122456,47737],{},[18,122458,46505],{},[14,122460,122461],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[150,122463,122464,122469],{},[153,122465,122466,122468],{},[18,122467,47737],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[153,122470,122471,122473],{},[18,122472,46505],{}," displays output on the screen",[14,122475,197],{},[34,122477,122479],{"className":36,"code":122478,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,122480,122481,122489,122493,122507,122517,122531],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122482,122483,122485,122487],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122484,1589],{"class":207},[43,122486,212],{"class":211},[43,122488,3098],{"class":63},[43,122490,122491],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,122492,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,122494,122495,122497,122499,122501,122503,122505],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,122496,927],{"class":207},[43,122498,212],{"class":211},[43,122500,48958],{"class":57},[43,122502,54],{"class":53},[43,122504,307],{"class":236},[43,122506,227],{"class":53},[43,122508,122509,122511,122513,122515],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,122510,50],{"class":49},[43,122512,54],{"class":53},[43,122514,951],{"class":236},[43,122516,227],{"class":53},[43,122518,122519,122521,122523,122525,122527,122529],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,122520,50],{"class":49},[43,122522,54],{"class":53},[43,122524,248],{"class":57},[43,122526,54],{"class":53},[43,122528,951],{"class":236},[43,122530,67],{"class":53},[43,122532,122533,122535,122537,122539,122541,122543],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,122534,50],{"class":49},[43,122536,54],{"class":53},[43,122538,248],{"class":57},[43,122540,54],{"class":53},[43,122542,307],{"class":236},[43,122544,67],{"class":53},[14,122546,122547],{},[913,122548,110],{},[34,122550,122552],{"className":36,"code":122551,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,122553,122554,122558,122572],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122555,122556],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122557,46665],{"class":63},[43,122559,122560,122562,122564,122566,122568,122570],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,122561,271],{"class":211},[43,122563,275],{"class":274},[43,122565,278],{"class":81},[43,122567,1038],{"class":85},[43,122569,283],{"class":81},[43,122571,286],{"class":211},[43,122573,122574,122576,122578,122580,122582,122584],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,122575,271],{"class":211},[43,122577,275],{"class":274},[43,122579,278],{"class":81},[43,122581,2069],{"class":85},[43,122583,283],{"class":81},[43,122585,286],{"class":211},[14,122587,122588],{},"Notice:",[150,122590,122591,122597,122602],{},[153,122592,122593,122596],{},[18,122594,122595],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[153,122598,122599,122601],{},[18,122600,46505],{}," only displayed values",[153,122603,122604,122606,122607,122609,122610,61359,122612],{},[18,122605,46505],{}," did not change ",[18,122608,307],{}," from ",[18,122611,2069],{},[18,122613,1038],{},[14,122615,122616,122617,315],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[189,122618,122619,1078],{"href":46502},[18,122620,46505],{},[29,122622,122624,10901,122626,122629],{"id":122623},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[18,122625,47737],{},[18,122627,122628],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[14,122631,122632],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[150,122634,122635,122640],{},[153,122636,122637,122639],{},[18,122638,47737],{}," is the more readable text version",[153,122641,122642,122644],{},[18,122643,122628],{}," is more developer-focused",[14,122646,122647,122648,122650],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[18,122649,47737],{}," much more often.",[14,122652,122653,122654,122656],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[18,122655,47737],{}," is usually the right choice.",[29,122658,4842],{"id":4841},[402,122660,26098,122662,122664],{"id":122661},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[18,122663,47737],{}," changes the original variable",[14,122666,122667,122669],{},[18,122668,47737],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[34,122671,122673],{"className":36,"code":122672,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,122674,122675,122683,122697,122701,122711,122725,122735],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122676,122677,122679,122681],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122678,21951],{"class":207},[43,122680,212],{"class":211},[43,122682,45278],{"class":63},[43,122684,122685,122687,122689,122691,122693,122695],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,122686,927],{"class":207},[43,122688,212],{"class":211},[43,122690,48958],{"class":57},[43,122692,54],{"class":53},[43,122694,9615],{"class":236},[43,122696,227],{"class":53},[43,122698,122699],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,122700,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,122702,122703,122705,122707,122709],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,122704,50],{"class":49},[43,122706,54],{"class":53},[43,122708,9615],{"class":236},[43,122710,227],{"class":53},[43,122712,122713,122715,122717,122719,122721,122723],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,122714,50],{"class":49},[43,122716,54],{"class":53},[43,122718,248],{"class":57},[43,122720,54],{"class":53},[43,122722,9615],{"class":236},[43,122724,67],{"class":53},[43,122726,122727,122729,122731,122733],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,122728,50],{"class":49},[43,122730,54],{"class":53},[43,122732,951],{"class":236},[43,122734,227],{"class":53},[43,122736,122737,122739,122741,122743,122745,122747],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,122738,50],{"class":49},[43,122740,54],{"class":53},[43,122742,248],{"class":57},[43,122744,54],{"class":53},[43,122746,951],{"class":236},[43,122748,67],{"class":53},[14,122750,122751],{},[913,122752,110],{},[34,122754,122756],{"className":36,"code":122755,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122757,122758,122762,122776,122780],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122759,122760],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122761,3038],{"class":63},[43,122763,122764,122766,122768,122770,122772,122774],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,122765,271],{"class":211},[43,122767,275],{"class":274},[43,122769,278],{"class":81},[43,122771,2069],{"class":85},[43,122773,283],{"class":81},[43,122775,286],{"class":211},[43,122777,122778],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,122779,3038],{"class":63},[43,122781,122782,122784,122786,122788,122790,122792],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,122783,271],{"class":211},[43,122785,275],{"class":274},[43,122787,278],{"class":81},[43,122789,1038],{"class":85},[43,122791,283],{"class":81},[43,122793,286],{"class":211},[402,122795,122797],{"id":122796},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[14,122799,7013],{},[34,122801,122803],{"className":36,"code":122802,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[18,122804,122805,122813],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122806,122807,122809,122811],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122808,21951],{"class":207},[43,122810,212],{"class":211},[43,122812,45278],{"class":63},[43,122814,122815,122817,122819,122821,122823,122825],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,122816,927],{"class":207},[43,122818,212],{"class":211},[43,122820,48958],{"class":57},[43,122822,54],{"class":53},[43,122824,9615],{"class":236},[43,122826,227],{"class":53},[14,122828,122829],{},"But if you only do this:",[34,122831,122833],{"className":36,"code":122832,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[18,122834,122835,122843],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122836,122837,122839,122841],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122838,21951],{"class":207},[43,122840,212],{"class":211},[43,122842,45278],{"class":63},[43,122844,122845,122847,122849,122851],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,122846,1038],{"class":57},[43,122848,54],{"class":53},[43,122850,9615],{"class":236},[43,122852,227],{"class":53},[14,122854,122855],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[402,122857,8738,122859,122861],{"id":122858},"using-str-too-early",[18,122860,47737],{}," too early",[14,122863,122864],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[34,122866,122868],{"className":36,"code":122867,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[18,122869,122870,122878,122893,122897],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122871,122872,122874,122876],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122873,365],{"class":207},[43,122875,212],{"class":211},[43,122877,2916],{"class":63},[43,122879,122880,122883,122885,122887,122889,122891],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,122881,122882],{"class":207},"text_price ",[43,122884,212],{"class":211},[43,122886,48958],{"class":57},[43,122888,54],{"class":53},[43,122890,389],{"class":236},[43,122892,227],{"class":53},[43,122894,122895],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,122896,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,122898,122899],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,122900,122901],{"class":3984},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[14,122903,122904,122905,2172,122909,122913],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[189,122906,122907],{"href":2151},[18,122908,2009],{},[189,122910,122911],{"href":3209},[18,122912,20],{},", depending on the situation.",[402,122915,8773,122917,122920],{"id":122916},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[18,122918,122919],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[14,122922,64702],{},[34,122924,122926],{"className":36,"code":122925,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[18,122927,122928,122960],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122929,122930,122932,122934,122936,122938,122940,122942,122944,122946,122948,122950,122952,122954,122956,122958],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122931,8104],{"class":207},[43,122933,212],{"class":211},[43,122935,3942],{"class":53},[43,122937,82],{"class":81},[43,122939,4401],{"class":85},[43,122941,82],{"class":81},[43,122943,800],{"class":53},[43,122945,932],{"class":81},[43,122947,4410],{"class":85},[43,122949,82],{"class":81},[43,122951,800],{"class":53},[43,122953,932],{"class":81},[43,122955,33543],{"class":85},[43,122957,82],{"class":81},[43,122959,3955],{"class":53},[43,122961,122962,122964,122966,122968,122970,122972],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,122963,50],{"class":49},[43,122965,54],{"class":53},[43,122967,1038],{"class":57},[43,122969,54],{"class":53},[43,122971,8135],{"class":236},[43,122973,67],{"class":53},[14,122975,122976],{},"prints:",[34,122978,122979],{"className":36,"code":72895,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,122980,122981],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,122982,122983,122985,122987,122989,122991,122993,122995,122997,122999,123001,123003,123005,123007],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,122984,4221],{"class":53},[43,122986,283],{"class":81},[43,122988,4401],{"class":85},[43,122990,283],{"class":81},[43,122992,800],{"class":53},[43,122994,278],{"class":81},[43,122996,4410],{"class":85},[43,122998,283],{"class":81},[43,123000,800],{"class":53},[43,123002,278],{"class":81},[43,123004,33543],{"class":85},[43,123006,283],{"class":81},[43,123008,3955],{"class":53},[14,123010,123011],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[29,123013,903],{"id":902},[14,123015,123016,22298,123018,315],{},[18,123017,47737],{},[913,123019,123020],{},"new string",[14,123022,11775],{},[150,123024,123025,123028,123031],{},[153,123026,123027],{},"It always returns a string",[153,123029,123030],{},"It does not modify the original object",[153,123032,8087,123033,123037],{},[189,123034,123035],{"href":2639},[18,123036,2642],{}," to confirm the result",[14,123039,197],{},[34,123041,123043],{"className":36,"code":123042,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,123044,123045,123053,123068,123072,123083],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,123046,123047,123049,123051],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,123048,1589],{"class":207},[43,123050,212],{"class":211},[43,123052,14452],{"class":63},[43,123054,123055,123058,123060,123062,123064,123066],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,123056,123057],{"class":207},"converted ",[43,123059,212],{"class":211},[43,123061,48958],{"class":57},[43,123063,54],{"class":53},[43,123065,307],{"class":236},[43,123067,227],{"class":53},[43,123069,123070],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,123071,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,123073,123074,123076,123078,123081],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,123075,50],{"class":49},[43,123077,54],{"class":53},[43,123079,123080],{"class":236},"converted",[43,123082,227],{"class":53},[43,123084,123085,123087,123089,123091,123093,123095],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,123086,50],{"class":49},[43,123088,54],{"class":53},[43,123090,248],{"class":57},[43,123092,54],{"class":53},[43,123094,123080],{"class":236},[43,123096,67],{"class":53},[14,123098,123099],{},[913,123100,110],{},[34,123102,123104],{"className":36,"code":123103,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,123105,123106,123111],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,123107,123108],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,123109,123110],{"class":63},"99\n",[43,123112,123113,123115,123117,123119,123121,123123],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,123114,271],{"class":211},[43,123116,275],{"class":274},[43,123118,278],{"class":81},[43,123120,1038],{"class":85},[43,123122,283],{"class":81},[43,123124,286],{"class":211},[29,123126,113786],{"id":113785},[14,123128,123129,123130,74874],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[18,123131,47737],{},[150,123133,123134,123137,123140,123145],{},[153,123135,123136],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[153,123138,123139],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[153,123141,8738,123142,123144],{},[18,123143,47737],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[153,123146,123147],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[14,123149,123150,123151,315],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[189,123152,26003,123153],{"href":90464},[18,123154,90465],{},[29,123156,123158],{"id":123157},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[14,123160,123161],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[34,123163,123165],{"className":36,"code":123164,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,123166,123167,123175,123179,123189,123203,123207,123221,123231],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,123168,123169,123171,123173],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,123170,1589],{"class":207},[43,123172,212],{"class":211},[43,123174,45278],{"class":63},[43,123176,123177],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,123178,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,123180,123181,123183,123185,123187],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,123182,50],{"class":49},[43,123184,54],{"class":53},[43,123186,307],{"class":236},[43,123188,227],{"class":53},[43,123190,123191,123193,123195,123197,123199,123201],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,123192,50],{"class":49},[43,123194,54],{"class":53},[43,123196,248],{"class":57},[43,123198,54],{"class":53},[43,123200,307],{"class":236},[43,123202,67],{"class":53},[43,123204,123205],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,123206,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,123208,123209,123211,123213,123215,123217,123219],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,123210,123057],{"class":207},[43,123212,212],{"class":211},[43,123214,48958],{"class":57},[43,123216,54],{"class":53},[43,123218,307],{"class":236},[43,123220,227],{"class":53},[43,123222,123223,123225,123227,123229],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,123224,50],{"class":49},[43,123226,54],{"class":53},[43,123228,123080],{"class":236},[43,123230,227],{"class":53},[43,123232,123233,123235,123237,123239,123241,123243],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,123234,50],{"class":49},[43,123236,54],{"class":53},[43,123238,248],{"class":57},[43,123240,54],{"class":53},[43,123242,123080],{"class":236},[43,123244,67],{"class":53},[14,123246,123247,123248,2534,123250,123252,123253,315],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[18,123249,2069],{},[18,123251,58],{},", or another type into ",[18,123254,1038],{},[29,123256,2162],{"id":2161},[402,123258,5466,123260,5469],{"id":123259},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[18,123261,47737],{},[14,123263,123264],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[402,123266,13023,123268,123270],{"id":123267},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[18,123269,47737],{}," change the original variable?",[14,123272,123273],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[402,123275,5493,123277,123279],{"id":123276},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[18,123278,47737],{}," convert numbers to text?",[14,123281,123282],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[402,123284,94650,123286,123288],{"id":123285},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[18,123287,47737],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[14,123290,123291],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[402,123293,15225,123295,57262,123297,2822],{"id":123294},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[18,123296,47737],{},[18,123298,46505],{},[14,123300,46418,123301,123303,123304,123306],{},[18,123302,47737],{}," converts to text. ",[18,123305,46505],{}," shows output.",[29,123308,2229],{"id":2228},[150,123310,123311,123317,123323,123329,123335,123344,123348],{},[153,123312,123313],{},[189,123314,123315,3827],{"href":46502},[18,123316,46505],{},[153,123318,123319],{},[189,123320,123321,3827],{"href":2639},[18,123322,2642],{},[153,123324,123325],{},[189,123326,123327,3827],{"href":2151},[18,123328,2009],{},[153,123330,123331],{},[189,123332,123333,3827],{"href":3209},[18,123334,20],{},[153,123336,123337],{},[189,123338,123340,123341,123343],{"href":123339},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[18,123342,2069],{}," to string in Python",[153,123345,123346],{},[189,123347,90742],{"href":89751},[153,123349,123350],{},[189,123351,30668,123352],{"href":90464},[18,123353,90465],{},[2262,123355,123356],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":123358},[123359,123360,123362,123363,123369,123371,123373,123375,123384,123385,123386,123387,123399],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":121777,"depth":70,"text":123361},"What str() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":121944,"depth":70,"text":121945,"children":123364},[123365,123366,123367,123368],{"id":121948,"depth":93,"text":121949},{"id":122034,"depth":93,"text":122035},{"id":122121,"depth":93,"text":122122},{"id":122207,"depth":93,"text":122208},{"id":122323,"depth":70,"text":123370},"When to use str()",{"id":122454,"depth":70,"text":123372},"str() vs print()",{"id":122623,"depth":70,"text":123374},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4841,"depth":70,"text":4842,"children":123376},[123377,123379,123380,123382],{"id":122661,"depth":93,"text":123378},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122796,"depth":93,"text":122797},{"id":122858,"depth":93,"text":123381},"Using str() too early",{"id":122916,"depth":93,"text":123383},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":902,"depth":70,"text":903},{"id":113785,"depth":70,"text":113786},{"id":123157,"depth":70,"text":123158},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":123388},[123389,123391,123393,123395,123397],{"id":123259,"depth":93,"text":123390},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123267,"depth":93,"text":123392},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123276,"depth":93,"text":123394},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123285,"depth":93,"text":123396},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123294,"depth":93,"text":123398},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":2241,"description":123400},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123407,"title":123408,"body":123409,"description":124862,"extension":2312,"meta":124863,"navigation":958,"path":124864,"seo":124865,"stem":124866,"__hash__":124867},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123410,"toc":124824},[123411,123417,123423,123426,123448,123450,123512,123514,123527,123533,123538,123543,123545,123558,123569,123571,123598,123600,123617,123624,123635,123637,123642,123644,123656,123664,123673,123675,123678,123731,123733,123741,123749,123753,123758,123798,123800,123808,123811,123813,123853,123855,123863,123873,123879,123882,123955,123957,123970,123974,123979,124007,124010,124045,124047,124055,124058,124062,124066,124068,124084,124086,124126,124128,124136,124145,124188,124190,124198,124200,124204,124210,124213,124253,124255,124263,124268,124271,124314,124318,124321,124356,124361,124363,124402,124412,124420,124430,124438,124442,124447,124449,124490,124492,124500,124505,124508,124511,124529,124535,124539,124544,124547,124587,124589,124594,124693,124696,124712,124714,124733,124735,124742,124745,124751,124754,124760,124764,124770,124773,124779,124782,124784,124821],[10,123412,123414,123415,11638],{"id":123413},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[18,123416,57347],{},[14,123418,123419,123420,123422],{},"The Python string ",[18,123421,57347],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[14,123424,123425],{},"This reference page explains:",[150,123427,123428,123432,123435,123437,123445],{},[153,123429,26343,123430,4001],{},[18,123431,57347],{},[153,123433,123434],{},"its syntax",[153,123436,35717],{},[153,123438,123439,123440,895,123442,123444],{},"how ",[18,123441,36396],{},[18,123443,52716],{}," work",[153,123446,123447],{},"common beginner mistakes",[29,123449,32],{"id":31},[34,123451,123453],{"className":36,"code":123452,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[18,123454,123455,123467,123489],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,123456,123457,123459,123461,123463,123465],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,123458,927],{"class":207},[43,123460,212],{"class":211},[43,123462,932],{"class":81},[43,123464,4410],{"class":85},[43,123466,938],{"class":81},[43,123468,123469,123471,123473,123475,123477,123479,123481,123483,123485,123487],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,123470,50],{"class":49},[43,123472,54],{"class":53},[43,123474,951],{"class":236},[43,123476,315],{"class":53},[43,123478,1291],{"class":236},[43,123480,54],{"class":53},[43,123482,82],{"class":81},[43,123484,189],{"class":85},[43,123486,82],{"class":81},[43,123488,67],{"class":53},[43,123490,123491,123493,123495,123497,123499,123501,123503,123505,123508,123510],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,123492,50],{"class":49},[43,123494,54],{"class":53},[43,123496,951],{"class":236},[43,123498,315],{"class":53},[43,123500,1291],{"class":236},[43,123502,54],{"class":53},[43,123504,82],{"class":81},[43,123506,123507],{"class":85},"na",[43,123509,82],{"class":81},[43,123511,67],{"class":53},[14,123513,110],{},[34,123515,123517],{"className":36,"code":123516,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"3\n2\n",[18,123518,123519,123523],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,123520,123521],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,123522,46670],{"class":63},[43,123524,123525],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,123526,17379],{"class":63},[14,123528,133,123529,123532],{},[18,123530,123531],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[29,123534,13316,123536,13319],{"id":123535},"what-the-count-method-does",[18,123537,57347],{},[14,123539,123540,123542],{},[18,123541,57347],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[14,123544,13372],{},[150,123546,123547,123550,123553,123555],{},[153,123548,123549],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[153,123551,123552],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[153,123554,43710],{},[153,123556,123557],{},"It does not change the original string",[14,123559,123560,123561,123563,123564,2534,123566,123568],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[18,123562,18418],{}," characters are in ",[18,123565,65333],{},[18,123567,57347],{}," is a simple choice.",[29,123570,290],{"id":289},[34,123572,123574],{"className":36,"code":123573,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[18,123575,123576],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,123577,123578,123580,123582,123584,123586,123588,123590,123592,123594,123596],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,123579,61232],{"class":207},[43,123581,315],{"class":53},[43,123583,1291],{"class":236},[43,123585,54],{"class":53},[43,123587,307],{"class":236},[43,123589,800],{"class":53},[43,123591,36375],{"class":236},[43,123593,800],{"class":53},[43,123595,65099],{"class":236},[43,123597,227],{"class":53},[402,123599,17718],{"id":17717},[150,123601,123602,123607,123612],{},[153,123603,123604,123606],{},[18,123605,307],{},": the text to search for",[153,123608,123609,123611],{},[18,123610,36396],{},": optional; where counting begins",[153,123613,123614,123616],{},[18,123615,52716],{},": optional; where counting stops",[14,123618,123619,895,123621,123623],{},[18,123620,36396],{},[18,123622,52716],{}," work like slice positions:",[150,123625,123626,123631],{},[153,123627,123628,123630],{},[18,123629,36396],{}," is included",[153,123632,123633,75800],{},[18,123634,52716],{},[29,123636,903],{"id":902},[14,123638,123639,123641],{},[18,123640,57347],{}," returns a whole number.",[14,123643,2472],{},[150,123645,123646,123651],{},[153,123647,123648,123649],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[18,123650,2409],{},[153,123652,123653,123654],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[18,123655,2466],{},[14,123657,911,123658,5484,123660,2172,123662,315],{},[913,123659,734],{},[18,123661,105],{},[18,123663,613],{},[14,123665,123666,123667,123672],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[189,123668,123670,101660],{"href":123669},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[18,123671,4203],{}," is often a better fit.",[29,123674,11792],{"id":11791},[14,123676,123677],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[34,123679,123681],{"className":36,"code":123680,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,123682,123683,123695,123717,123721],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,123684,123685,123687,123689,123691,123693],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,123686,927],{"class":207},[43,123688,212],{"class":211},[43,123690,932],{"class":81},[43,123692,4401],{"class":85},[43,123694,938],{"class":81},[43,123696,123697,123699,123701,123703,123705,123707,123709,123711,123713,123715],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,123698,1282],{"class":207},[43,123700,212],{"class":211},[43,123702,42893],{"class":207},[43,123704,315],{"class":53},[43,123706,1291],{"class":236},[43,123708,54],{"class":53},[43,123710,82],{"class":81},[43,123712,14],{"class":85},[43,123714,82],{"class":81},[43,123716,227],{"class":53},[43,123718,123719],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,123720,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,123722,123723,123725,123727,123729],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,123724,50],{"class":49},[43,123726,54],{"class":53},[43,123728,1306],{"class":236},[43,123730,227],{"class":53},[14,123732,110],{},[34,123734,123735],{"className":36,"code":17379,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,123736,123737],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,123738,123739],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,123740,17379],{"class":63},[14,123742,63878,123743,123746,123747,315],{},[18,123744,123745],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[18,123748,57890],{},[29,123750,123752],{"id":123751},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[14,123754,123755,123757],{},[18,123756,57347],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[34,123759,123761],{"className":36,"code":123760,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[18,123762,123763,123776],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,123764,123765,123767,123769,123771,123774],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,123766,927],{"class":207},[43,123768,212],{"class":211},[43,123770,932],{"class":81},[43,123772,123773],{"class":85},"cat dog cat bird cat",[43,123775,938],{"class":81},[43,123777,123778,123780,123782,123784,123786,123788,123790,123792,123794,123796],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,123779,50],{"class":49},[43,123781,54],{"class":53},[43,123783,951],{"class":236},[43,123785,315],{"class":53},[43,123787,1291],{"class":236},[43,123789,54],{"class":53},[43,123791,82],{"class":81},[43,123793,37372],{"class":85},[43,123795,82],{"class":81},[43,123797,67],{"class":53},[14,123799,110],{},[34,123801,123802],{"className":36,"code":46670,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,123803,123804],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,123805,123806],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,123807,46670],{"class":63},[14,123809,123810],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[14,123812,197],{},[34,123814,123816],{"className":36,"code":123815,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[18,123817,123818,123831],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,123819,123820,123822,123824,123826,123829],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,123821,927],{"class":207},[43,123823,212],{"class":211},[43,123825,932],{"class":81},[43,123827,123828],{"class":85},"one One one",[43,123830,938],{"class":81},[43,123832,123833,123835,123837,123839,123841,123843,123845,123847,123849,123851],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,123834,50],{"class":49},[43,123836,54],{"class":53},[43,123838,951],{"class":236},[43,123840,315],{"class":53},[43,123842,1291],{"class":236},[43,123844,54],{"class":53},[43,123846,82],{"class":81},[43,123848,6910],{"class":85},[43,123850,82],{"class":81},[43,123852,67],{"class":53},[14,123854,110],{},[34,123856,123857],{"className":36,"code":17379,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,123858,123859],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,123860,123861],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,123862,17379],{"class":63},[14,123864,123865,123866,123869,123870,123872],{},"The uppercase ",[18,123867,123868],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[18,123871,57347],{}," is case-sensitive.",[29,123874,8738,123875,895,123877],{"id":65465},[18,123876,36396],{},[18,123878,52716],{},[14,123880,123881],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[34,123883,123885],{"className":36,"code":123884,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[18,123886,123887,123899,123925],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,123888,123889,123891,123893,123895,123897],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,123890,927],{"class":207},[43,123892,212],{"class":211},[43,123894,932],{"class":81},[43,123896,4410],{"class":85},[43,123898,938],{"class":81},[43,123900,123901,123903,123905,123907,123909,123911,123913,123915,123917,123919,123921,123923],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,123902,50],{"class":49},[43,123904,54],{"class":53},[43,123906,951],{"class":236},[43,123908,315],{"class":53},[43,123910,1291],{"class":236},[43,123912,54],{"class":53},[43,123914,82],{"class":81},[43,123916,189],{"class":85},[43,123918,82],{"class":81},[43,123920,800],{"class":53},[43,123922,803],{"class":63},[43,123924,67],{"class":53},[43,123926,123927,123929,123931,123933,123935,123937,123939,123941,123943,123945,123947,123949,123951,123953],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,123928,50],{"class":49},[43,123930,54],{"class":53},[43,123932,951],{"class":236},[43,123934,315],{"class":53},[43,123936,1291],{"class":236},[43,123938,54],{"class":53},[43,123940,82],{"class":81},[43,123942,189],{"class":85},[43,123944,82],{"class":81},[43,123946,800],{"class":53},[43,123948,803],{"class":63},[43,123950,800],{"class":53},[43,123952,4929],{"class":63},[43,123954,67],{"class":53},[14,123956,110],{},[34,123958,123960],{"className":36,"code":123959,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"2\n1\n",[18,123961,123962,123966],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,123963,123964],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,123965,17379],{"class":63},[43,123967,123968],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,123969,46970],{"class":63},[402,123971,123973],{"id":123972},"how-this-works","How this works",[14,123975,123976,123977,325],{},"In ",[18,123978,65333],{},[150,123980,123981,123989,123997],{},[153,123982,71024,123983,123985,123986],{},[18,123984,447],{}," starts at the first ",[18,123987,123988],{},"\"n\"",[153,123990,123991,123994,123995,76098],{},[18,123992,123993],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[18,123996,447],{},[153,123998,123999,123994,124002,124004,124005],{},[18,124000,124001],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[18,124003,447],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[18,124006,64],{},[14,124008,124009],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[34,124011,124013],{"className":36,"code":124012,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[18,124014,124015,124027],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124016,124017,124019,124021,124023,124025],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124018,927],{"class":207},[43,124020,212],{"class":211},[43,124022,932],{"class":81},[43,124024,4410],{"class":85},[43,124026,938],{"class":81},[43,124028,124029,124031,124033,124035,124037,124039,124041,124043],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,124030,50],{"class":49},[43,124032,54],{"class":53},[43,124034,951],{"class":236},[43,124036,4221],{"class":53},[43,124038,447],{"class":63},[43,124040,325],{"class":53},[43,124042,64],{"class":63},[43,124044,4209],{"class":53},[14,124046,110],{},[34,124048,124049],{"className":36,"code":1501,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,124050,124051],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124052,124053],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124054,1501],{"class":207},[14,124056,124057],{},"Only that section is searched.",[29,124059,124061],{"id":124060},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[14,124063,124064,123872],{},[18,124065,57347],{},[14,124067,2453],{},[150,124069,124070,124078],{},[153,124071,124072,895,124074,124077],{},[18,124073,18418],{},[18,124075,124076],{},"\"A\""," are different",[153,124079,124080,895,124082,124077],{},[18,124081,64593],{},[18,124083,90477],{},[14,124085,197],{},[34,124087,124089],{"className":36,"code":124088,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[18,124090,124091,124104],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124092,124093,124095,124097,124099,124102],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124094,927],{"class":207},[43,124096,212],{"class":211},[43,124098,932],{"class":81},[43,124100,124101],{"class":85},"Apple apple APPLE",[43,124103,938],{"class":81},[43,124105,124106,124108,124110,124112,124114,124116,124118,124120,124122,124124],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,124107,50],{"class":49},[43,124109,54],{"class":53},[43,124111,951],{"class":236},[43,124113,315],{"class":53},[43,124115,1291],{"class":236},[43,124117,54],{"class":53},[43,124119,82],{"class":81},[43,124121,4401],{"class":85},[43,124123,82],{"class":81},[43,124125,67],{"class":53},[14,124127,110],{},[34,124129,124130],{"className":36,"code":46970,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,124131,124132],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124133,124134],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124135,46970],{"class":63},[14,124137,124138,124139,325],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[189,124140,124142],{"href":124141},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[18,124143,124144],{},"lower()",[34,124146,124148],{"className":36,"code":124147,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[18,124149,124150,124162],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124151,124152,124154,124156,124158,124160],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124153,927],{"class":207},[43,124155,212],{"class":211},[43,124157,932],{"class":81},[43,124159,124101],{"class":85},[43,124161,938],{"class":81},[43,124163,124164,124166,124168,124170,124172,124174,124176,124178,124180,124182,124184,124186],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,124165,50],{"class":49},[43,124167,54],{"class":53},[43,124169,951],{"class":236},[43,124171,315],{"class":53},[43,124173,8959],{"class":236},[43,124175,8956],{"class":53},[43,124177,1291],{"class":236},[43,124179,54],{"class":53},[43,124181,82],{"class":81},[43,124183,4401],{"class":85},[43,124185,82],{"class":81},[43,124187,67],{"class":53},[14,124189,110],{},[34,124191,124192],{"className":36,"code":46670,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,124193,124194],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124195,124196],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124197,46670],{"class":63},[29,124199,3160],{"id":3159},[14,124201,23418,124202,315],{},[18,124203,57347],{},[402,124205,8773,124207,124209],{"id":124206},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[18,124208,57347],{}," to ignore case automatically",[14,124211,124212],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[34,124214,124216],{"className":36,"code":124215,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,124217,124218,124231],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124219,124220,124222,124224,124226,124229],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124221,927],{"class":207},[43,124223,212],{"class":211},[43,124225,932],{"class":81},[43,124227,124228],{"class":85},"Aardvark",[43,124230,938],{"class":81},[43,124232,124233,124235,124237,124239,124241,124243,124245,124247,124249,124251],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,124234,50],{"class":49},[43,124236,54],{"class":53},[43,124238,951],{"class":236},[43,124240,315],{"class":53},[43,124242,1291],{"class":236},[43,124244,54],{"class":53},[43,124246,82],{"class":81},[43,124248,189],{"class":85},[43,124250,82],{"class":81},[43,124252,67],{"class":53},[14,124254,110],{},[34,124256,124257],{"className":36,"code":17379,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,124258,124259],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124260,124261],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124262,17379],{"class":63},[14,124264,123865,124265,124267],{},[18,124266,124076],{}," at the start is not counted.",[14,124269,124270],{},"If needed, convert first:",[34,124272,124274],{"className":36,"code":124273,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[18,124275,124276,124288],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124277,124278,124280,124282,124284,124286],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124279,927],{"class":207},[43,124281,212],{"class":211},[43,124283,932],{"class":81},[43,124285,124228],{"class":85},[43,124287,938],{"class":81},[43,124289,124290,124292,124294,124296,124298,124300,124302,124304,124306,124308,124310,124312],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,124291,50],{"class":49},[43,124293,54],{"class":53},[43,124295,951],{"class":236},[43,124297,315],{"class":53},[43,124299,8959],{"class":236},[43,124301,8956],{"class":53},[43,124303,1291],{"class":236},[43,124305,54],{"class":53},[43,124307,82],{"class":81},[43,124309,189],{"class":85},[43,124311,82],{"class":81},[43,124313,67],{"class":53},[402,124315,124317],{"id":124316},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[14,124319,124320],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[34,124322,124324],{"className":36,"code":124323,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[18,124325,124326,124338],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124327,124328,124330,124332,124334,124336],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124329,927],{"class":207},[43,124331,212],{"class":211},[43,124333,932],{"class":81},[43,124335,4410],{"class":85},[43,124337,938],{"class":81},[43,124339,124340,124342,124344,124346,124348,124350,124352,124354],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,124341,50],{"class":49},[43,124343,54],{"class":53},[43,124345,951],{"class":236},[43,124347,315],{"class":53},[43,124349,1291],{"class":236},[43,124351,54],{"class":53},[43,124353,189],{"class":236},[43,124355,67],{"class":53},[14,124357,124358,124359,315],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[18,124360,189],{},[14,124362,11122],{},[34,124364,124366],{"className":36,"code":124365,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,124367,124368,124380],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124369,124370,124372,124374,124376,124378],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124371,927],{"class":207},[43,124373,212],{"class":211},[43,124375,932],{"class":81},[43,124377,4410],{"class":85},[43,124379,938],{"class":81},[43,124381,124382,124384,124386,124388,124390,124392,124394,124396,124398,124400],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,124383,50],{"class":49},[43,124385,54],{"class":53},[43,124387,951],{"class":236},[43,124389,315],{"class":53},[43,124391,1291],{"class":236},[43,124393,54],{"class":53},[43,124395,82],{"class":81},[43,124397,189],{"class":85},[43,124399,82],{"class":81},[43,124401,67],{"class":53},[402,124403,37529,124405,9023,124407,2172,124410],{"id":124404},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[18,124406,57347],{},[18,124408,124409],{},"find()",[18,124411,59025],{},[14,124413,133,124414,124416,124417,315],{},[18,124415,57347],{}," when you need the ",[913,124418,124419],{},"number of matches",[14,124421,133,124422,124416,124427,124429],{},[189,124423,124425],{"href":124424},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[18,124426,124409],{},[913,124428,65005],{}," of the first match.",[14,124431,133,124432,124437],{},[189,124433,124435],{"href":124434},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[18,124436,59025],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[402,124439,124441],{"id":124440},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[14,124443,124444,124446],{},[18,124445,57347],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[14,124448,197],{},[34,124450,124452],{"className":36,"code":124451,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[18,124453,124454,124467],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124455,124456,124458,124460,124462,124465],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124457,927],{"class":207},[43,124459,212],{"class":211},[43,124461,932],{"class":81},[43,124463,124464],{"class":85},"aaaa",[43,124466,938],{"class":81},[43,124468,124469,124471,124473,124475,124477,124479,124481,124483,124486,124488],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,124470,50],{"class":49},[43,124472,54],{"class":53},[43,124474,951],{"class":236},[43,124476,315],{"class":53},[43,124478,1291],{"class":236},[43,124480,54],{"class":53},[43,124482,82],{"class":81},[43,124484,124485],{"class":85},"aa",[43,124487,82],{"class":81},[43,124489,67],{"class":53},[14,124491,110],{},[34,124493,124494],{"className":36,"code":17379,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,124495,124496],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124497,124498],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124499,17379],{"class":63},[14,124501,124502,124503,315],{},"It does not return ",[18,124504,2409],{},[14,124506,124507],{},"Why not?",[14,124509,124510],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[150,124512,124513,124522],{},[153,124514,124515,124518,124519],{},[18,124516,124517],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[18,124520,124521],{},"0-1",[153,124523,124524,124518,124526],{},[18,124525,124517],{},[18,124527,124528],{},"2-3",[14,124530,124531,124532,315],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[18,124533,124534],{},"1-2",[29,124536,5284,124537],{"id":58430},[18,124538,57347],{},[14,124540,133,124541,124543],{},[18,124542,57347],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[14,124545,124546],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[150,124548,124549,124558,124568,124578],{},[153,124550,133,124551,124553,124554,124557],{},[18,124552,57347],{}," when you need ",[913,124555,124556],{},"how many times"," something appears",[153,124559,133,124560,124553,124564,124567],{},[189,124561,124562],{"href":124424},[18,124563,124409],{},[913,124565,124566],{},"where"," it appears",[153,124569,47864,124570,124574,124575],{},[189,124571,124572,101660],{"href":123669},[18,124573,4203],{}," when you only need to know ",[913,124576,124577],{},"if it exists",[153,124579,133,124580,124586],{},[189,124581,124583],{"href":124582},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[18,124584,124585],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[29,124588,26266],{"id":26265},[14,124590,9194,124591,124593],{},[18,124592,57347],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[34,124595,124597],{"className":36,"code":124596,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[18,124598,124599,124609,124623,124645,124671],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124600,124601,124603,124605,124607],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124602,50],{"class":49},[43,124604,54],{"class":53},[43,124606,951],{"class":236},[43,124608,227],{"class":53},[43,124610,124611,124613,124615,124617,124619,124621],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,124612,50],{"class":49},[43,124614,54],{"class":53},[43,124616,248],{"class":57},[43,124618,54],{"class":53},[43,124620,951],{"class":236},[43,124622,67],{"class":53},[43,124624,124625,124627,124629,124631,124633,124635,124637,124639,124641,124643],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,124626,50],{"class":49},[43,124628,54],{"class":53},[43,124630,951],{"class":236},[43,124632,315],{"class":53},[43,124634,1291],{"class":236},[43,124636,54],{"class":53},[43,124638,82],{"class":81},[43,124640,189],{"class":85},[43,124642,82],{"class":81},[43,124644,67],{"class":53},[43,124646,124647,124649,124651,124653,124655,124657,124659,124661,124663,124665,124667,124669],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,124648,50],{"class":49},[43,124650,54],{"class":53},[43,124652,951],{"class":236},[43,124654,315],{"class":53},[43,124656,8959],{"class":236},[43,124658,8956],{"class":53},[43,124660,1291],{"class":236},[43,124662,54],{"class":53},[43,124664,82],{"class":81},[43,124666,189],{"class":85},[43,124668,82],{"class":81},[43,124670,67],{"class":53},[43,124672,124673,124675,124677,124679,124681,124683,124685,124687,124689,124691],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,124674,50],{"class":49},[43,124676,54],{"class":53},[43,124678,951],{"class":236},[43,124680,315],{"class":53},[43,124682,1291],{"class":236},[43,124684,54],{"class":53},[43,124686,82],{"class":81},[43,124688,123507],{"class":85},[43,124690,82],{"class":81},[43,124692,67],{"class":53},[14,124694,124695],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[150,124697,124698,124701,124706,124709],{},[153,124699,124700],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[153,124702,124703,124705],{},[18,124704,951],{}," not being a string",[153,124707,124708],{},"counting the wrong substring",[153,124710,124711],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[14,124713,58919],{},[150,124715,124716,124719,124722,124725],{},[153,124717,124718],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[153,124720,124721],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[153,124723,124724],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[153,124726,50546,124727,44682,124729,2172,124731,73370],{},[18,124728,57347],{},[18,124730,124409],{},[18,124732,4203],{},[29,124734,2162],{"id":2161},[402,124736,124738,124739,124741],{"id":124737},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[18,124740,57347],{}," change the original string?",[14,124743,124744],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[402,124746,15225,124748,124750],{"id":124747},"is-count-case-sensitive",[18,124749,57347],{}," case-sensitive?",[14,124752,124753],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[402,124755,5466,124757,124759],{"id":124756},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[18,124758,57347],{}," return if nothing is found?",[14,124761,2206,124762,315],{},[18,124763,2466],{},[402,124765,5493,124767,124769],{"id":124766},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[18,124768,57347],{}," count words instead of letters?",[14,124771,124772],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[402,124774,13023,124776,124778],{"id":124775},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[18,124777,57347],{}," count overlapping matches?",[14,124780,124781],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[29,124783,2229],{"id":2228},[150,124785,124786,124793,124800,124807,124814],{},[153,124787,124788],{},[189,124789,124790],{"href":124424},[18,124791,124792],{},"Python string find() method",[153,124794,124795],{},[189,124796,124797],{"href":124434},[18,124798,124799],{},"Python string index() method",[153,124801,124802],{},[189,124803,124804],{"href":124141},[18,124805,124806],{},"Python string lower() method",[153,124808,124809],{},[189,124810,124811],{"href":123669},[18,124812,124813],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[153,124815,124816],{},[189,124817,124818],{"href":124582},[18,124819,124820],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2262,124822,124823],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":124825},[124826,124827,124829,124832,124833,124834,124835,124838,124839,124847,124848,124849,124861],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":123535,"depth":70,"text":124828},"What the count() method does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290,"children":124830},[124831],{"id":17717,"depth":93,"text":17718},{"id":902,"depth":70,"text":903},{"id":11791,"depth":70,"text":11792},{"id":123751,"depth":70,"text":123752},{"id":65465,"depth":70,"text":66248,"children":124836},[124837],{"id":123972,"depth":93,"text":123973},{"id":124060,"depth":70,"text":124061},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160,"children":124840},[124841,124843,124844,124846],{"id":124206,"depth":93,"text":124842},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124316,"depth":93,"text":124317},{"id":124404,"depth":93,"text":124845},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124440,"depth":93,"text":124441},{"id":58430,"depth":70,"text":59061},{"id":26265,"depth":70,"text":26266},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":124850},[124851,124853,124855,124857,124859],{"id":124737,"depth":93,"text":124852},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124747,"depth":93,"text":124854},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124756,"depth":93,"text":124856},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124766,"depth":93,"text":124858},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124775,"depth":93,"text":124860},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123408,"description":124862},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124869,"title":124870,"body":124871,"description":126456,"extension":2312,"meta":126457,"navigation":958,"path":126458,"seo":126459,"stem":126460,"__hash__":126461},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124872,"toc":126429},[124873,124876,124879,124976,124985,124987,125006,125010,125013,125016,125029,125032,125061,125066,125071,125129,125131,125164,125170,125174,125177,125180,125209,125212,125239,125242,125245,125249,125252,125259,125322,125324,125342,125345,125349,125352,125355,125397,125400,125444,125447,125450,125454,125459,125462,125505,125507,125530,125533,125566,125569,125618,125628,125632,125635,125638,125667,125670,125681,125683,125742,125745,125749,125752,125755,125770,125779,125782,125816,125819,125846,125849,125856,125858,125861,125863,125866,125880,125889,125891,125918,125922,125925,125939,125942,126001,126005,126008,126035,126038,126065,126073,126076,126136,126138,126171,126175,126178,126197,126202,126251,126256,126258,126261,126320,126338,126340,126344,126352,126356,126359,126363,126369,126373,126383,126387,126390,126392,126426],[10,124874,124870],{"id":124875},"python-string-creating-a-string",[14,124877,124878],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[34,124880,124882],{"className":36,"code":124881,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[18,124883,124884,124896,124908,124917,124931,124935,124945,124955,124966],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,124885,124886,124888,124890,124892,124894],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,124887,8202],{"class":207},[43,124889,212],{"class":211},[43,124891,932],{"class":81},[43,124893,5327],{"class":85},[43,124895,938],{"class":81},[43,124897,124898,124900,124902,124904,124906],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,124899,90066],{"class":207},[43,124901,212],{"class":211},[43,124903,278],{"class":81},[43,124905,35189],{"class":85},[43,124907,748],{"class":81},[43,124909,124910,124913,124915],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,124911,124912],{"class":207},"empty ",[43,124914,212],{"class":211},[43,124916,8207],{"class":81},[43,124918,124919,124921,124923,124925,124927,124929],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,124920,927],{"class":207},[43,124922,212],{"class":211},[43,124924,48958],{"class":57},[43,124926,54],{"class":53},[43,124928,50300],{"class":63},[43,124930,227],{"class":53},[43,124932,124933],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,124934,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,124936,124937,124939,124941,124943],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,124938,50],{"class":49},[43,124940,54],{"class":53},[43,124942,7992],{"class":236},[43,124944,227],{"class":53},[43,124946,124947,124949,124951,124953],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,124948,50],{"class":49},[43,124950,54],{"class":53},[43,124952,90083],{"class":236},[43,124954,227],{"class":53},[43,124956,124957,124959,124961,124964],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,124958,50],{"class":49},[43,124960,54],{"class":53},[43,124962,124963],{"class":236},"empty",[43,124965,227],{"class":53},[43,124967,124968,124970,124972,124974],{"class":45,"line":6756},[43,124969,50],{"class":49},[43,124971,54],{"class":53},[43,124973,951],{"class":236},[43,124975,227],{"class":53},[14,124977,124978,124981,124982,124984],{},[913,124979,124980],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[18,124983,47737],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[29,124986,15485],{"id":15484},[150,124988,124989,124992,124995,124998,125003],{},[153,124990,124991],{},"What a string is in Python",[153,124993,124994],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[153,124996,124997],{},"How to create an empty string",[153,124999,125000,125001],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[18,125002,47737],{},[153,125004,125005],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[29,125007,125009],{"id":125008},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[14,125011,125012],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[14,125014,125015],{},"Strings can contain:",[150,125017,125018,125021,125023,125026],{},[153,125019,125020],{},"Letters",[153,125022,56518],{},[153,125024,125025],{},"Spaces",[153,125027,125028],{},"Symbols",[14,125030,125031],{},"Examples of strings:",[34,125033,125035],{"className":36,"code":125034,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[18,125036,125037,125045,125053],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125038,125039,125041,125043],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125040,82],{"class":43380},[43,125042,710],{"class":43384},[43,125044,938],{"class":43380},[43,125046,125047,125049,125051],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,125048,82],{"class":43380},[43,125050,50300],{"class":43384},[43,125052,938],{"class":43380},[43,125054,125055,125057,125059],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,125056,82],{"class":43380},[43,125058,89208],{"class":43384},[43,125060,938],{"class":43380},[14,125062,21301,125063,125065],{},[18,125064,50350],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[14,125067,125068,125069,325],{},"You can check the type with ",[18,125070,2642],{},[34,125072,125074],{"className":36,"code":125073,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,125075,125076,125088,125097,125101,125115],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125077,125078,125080,125082,125084,125086],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125079,927],{"class":207},[43,125081,212],{"class":211},[43,125083,932],{"class":81},[43,125085,50300],{"class":85},[43,125087,938],{"class":81},[43,125089,125090,125092,125094],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,125091,208],{"class":207},[43,125093,212],{"class":211},[43,125095,125096],{"class":63}," 123\n",[43,125098,125099],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,125100,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,125102,125103,125105,125107,125109,125111,125113],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,125104,50],{"class":49},[43,125106,54],{"class":53},[43,125108,248],{"class":57},[43,125110,54],{"class":53},[43,125112,951],{"class":236},[43,125114,67],{"class":53},[43,125116,125117,125119,125121,125123,125125,125127],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,125118,50],{"class":49},[43,125120,54],{"class":53},[43,125122,248],{"class":57},[43,125124,54],{"class":53},[43,125126,237],{"class":236},[43,125128,67],{"class":53},[14,125130,110],{},[34,125132,125134],{"className":36,"code":125133,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,125135,125136,125150],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125137,125138,125140,125142,125144,125146,125148],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125139,271],{"class":211},[43,125141,275],{"class":274},[43,125143,278],{"class":81},[43,125145,1038],{"class":85},[43,125147,283],{"class":81},[43,125149,286],{"class":211},[43,125151,125152,125154,125156,125158,125160,125162],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,125153,271],{"class":211},[43,125155,275],{"class":274},[43,125157,278],{"class":81},[43,125159,2069],{"class":85},[43,125161,283],{"class":81},[43,125163,286],{"class":211},[14,125165,125166,125167,315],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[189,125168,125169],{"href":51030},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[29,125171,125173],{"id":125172},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[14,125175,125176],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[14,125178,125179],{},"You can use single quotes:",[34,125181,125183],{"className":36,"code":125182,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[18,125184,125185,125198],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125186,125187,125190,125192,125194,125196],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125188,125189],{"class":207},"greeting ",[43,125191,212],{"class":211},[43,125193,278],{"class":81},[43,125195,710],{"class":85},[43,125197,748],{"class":81},[43,125199,125200,125202,125204,125207],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,125201,50],{"class":49},[43,125203,54],{"class":53},[43,125205,125206],{"class":236},"greeting",[43,125208,227],{"class":53},[14,125210,125211],{},"Or double quotes:",[34,125213,125215],{"className":36,"code":125214,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[18,125216,125217,125229],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125218,125219,125221,125223,125225,125227],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125220,125189],{"class":207},[43,125222,212],{"class":211},[43,125224,932],{"class":81},[43,125226,710],{"class":85},[43,125228,938],{"class":81},[43,125230,125231,125233,125235,125237],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,125232,50],{"class":49},[43,125234,54],{"class":53},[43,125236,125206],{"class":236},[43,125238,227],{"class":53},[14,125240,125241],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[14,125243,125244],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[29,125246,125248],{"id":125247},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[14,125250,125251],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[14,125253,125254,125255,2172,125257,325],{},"Use either ",[18,125256,769],{},[18,125258,4094],{},[34,125260,125262],{"className":36,"code":125261,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[18,125263,125264,125273,125282,125286,125297,125308],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125265,125266,125269,125271],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125267,125268],{"class":207},"empty1 ",[43,125270,212],{"class":211},[43,125272,8207],{"class":81},[43,125274,125275,125278,125280],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,125276,125277],{"class":207},"empty2 ",[43,125279,212],{"class":211},[43,125281,47549],{"class":81},[43,125283,125284],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,125285,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,125287,125288,125290,125292,125295],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,125289,50],{"class":49},[43,125291,54],{"class":53},[43,125293,125294],{"class":236},"empty1",[43,125296,227],{"class":53},[43,125298,125299,125301,125303,125306],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,125300,50],{"class":49},[43,125302,54],{"class":53},[43,125304,125305],{"class":236},"empty2",[43,125307,227],{"class":53},[43,125309,125310,125312,125314,125316,125318,125320],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,125311,50],{"class":49},[43,125313,54],{"class":53},[43,125315,248],{"class":57},[43,125317,54],{"class":53},[43,125319,125294],{"class":236},[43,125321,67],{"class":53},[14,125323,110],{},[34,125325,125326],{"className":36,"code":45823,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,125327,125328],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125329,125330,125332,125334,125336,125338,125340],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125331,271],{"class":211},[43,125333,275],{"class":274},[43,125335,278],{"class":81},[43,125337,1038],{"class":85},[43,125339,283],{"class":81},[43,125341,286],{"class":211},[14,125343,125344],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[29,125346,125348],{"id":125347},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[14,125350,125351],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[14,125353,125354],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[34,125356,125358],{"className":36,"code":125357,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125359,125360,125371,125376,125383,125387],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125361,125362,125364,125366,125369],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125363,90066],{"class":207},[43,125365,212],{"class":211},[43,125367,125368],{"class":81}," \"\"\"",[43,125370,89008],{"class":85},[43,125372,125373],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,125374,125375],{"class":85},"Welcome to Python\n",[43,125377,125378,125381],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,125379,125380],{"class":85},"Have a nice day",[43,125382,43388],{"class":81},[43,125384,125385],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,125386,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,125388,125389,125391,125393,125395],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,125390,50],{"class":49},[43,125392,54],{"class":53},[43,125394,90083],{"class":236},[43,125396,227],{"class":53},[14,125398,125399],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[34,125401,125403],{"className":36,"code":125402,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125404,125405,125417,125422,125430,125434],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125406,125407,125409,125411,125414],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125408,90066],{"class":207},[43,125410,212],{"class":211},[43,125412,125413],{"class":81}," '''",[43,125415,125416],{"class":85},"Line 1\n",[43,125418,125419],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,125420,125421],{"class":85},"Line 2\n",[43,125423,125424,125427],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,125425,125426],{"class":85},"Line 3",[43,125428,125429],{"class":81},"'''\n",[43,125431,125432],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,125433,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,125435,125436,125438,125440,125442],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,125437,50],{"class":49},[43,125439,54],{"class":53},[43,125441,90083],{"class":236},[43,125443,227],{"class":53},[14,125445,125446],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[14,125448,125449],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[29,125451,125453],{"id":125452},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[14,125455,1073,125456,125458],{},[18,125457,47737],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[14,125460,125461],{},"Example with a number:",[34,125463,125465],{"className":36,"code":125464,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,125466,125467,125481,125491],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125468,125469,125471,125473,125475,125477,125479],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125470,927],{"class":207},[43,125472,212],{"class":211},[43,125474,48958],{"class":57},[43,125476,54],{"class":53},[43,125478,46579],{"class":63},[43,125480,227],{"class":53},[43,125482,125483,125485,125487,125489],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,125484,50],{"class":49},[43,125486,54],{"class":53},[43,125488,951],{"class":236},[43,125490,227],{"class":53},[43,125492,125493,125495,125497,125499,125501,125503],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,125494,50],{"class":49},[43,125496,54],{"class":53},[43,125498,248],{"class":57},[43,125500,54],{"class":53},[43,125502,951],{"class":236},[43,125504,67],{"class":53},[14,125506,110],{},[34,125508,125510],{"className":36,"code":125509,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,125511,125512,125516],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125513,125514],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125515,46665],{"class":63},[43,125517,125518,125520,125522,125524,125526,125528],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,125519,271],{"class":211},[43,125521,275],{"class":274},[43,125523,278],{"class":81},[43,125525,1038],{"class":85},[43,125527,283],{"class":81},[43,125529,286],{"class":211},[14,125531,125532],{},"You can also convert other values:",[34,125534,125536],{"className":36,"code":125535,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[18,125537,125538,125552],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125539,125540,125542,125544,125546,125548,125550],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125541,50],{"class":49},[43,125543,54],{"class":53},[43,125545,1038],{"class":57},[43,125547,54],{"class":53},[43,125549,105],{"class":104},[43,125551,67],{"class":53},[43,125553,125554,125556,125558,125560,125562,125564],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,125555,50],{"class":49},[43,125557,54],{"class":53},[43,125559,1038],{"class":57},[43,125561,54],{"class":53},[43,125563,86],{"class":63},[43,125565,67],{"class":53},[14,125567,125568],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[34,125570,125572],{"className":36,"code":125571,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125573,125574,125582,125604,125608],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125575,125576,125578,125580],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125577,21951],{"class":207},[43,125579,212],{"class":211},[43,125581,45278],{"class":63},[43,125583,125584,125586,125588,125590,125592,125594,125596,125598,125600,125602],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,125585,90066],{"class":207},[43,125587,212],{"class":211},[43,125589,932],{"class":81},[43,125591,89484],{"class":85},[43,125593,82],{"class":81},[43,125595,1224],{"class":211},[43,125597,48958],{"class":57},[43,125599,54],{"class":53},[43,125601,9615],{"class":236},[43,125603,227],{"class":53},[43,125605,125606],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,125607,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,125609,125610,125612,125614,125616],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,125611,50],{"class":49},[43,125613,54],{"class":53},[43,125615,90083],{"class":236},[43,125617,227],{"class":53},[14,125619,125620,125621,2172,125625,315],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[189,125622,3894,125623,3827],{"href":2240},[18,125624,47737],{},[189,125626,125627],{"href":123339},"how to convert int to string in Python",[29,125629,125631],{"id":125630},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[14,125633,125634],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[14,125636,125637],{},"Both of these are valid:",[34,125639,125641],{"className":36,"code":125640,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[18,125642,125643,125655],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125644,125645,125647,125649,125651,125653],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125646,1178],{"class":207},[43,125648,212],{"class":211},[43,125650,278],{"class":81},[43,125652,7621],{"class":85},[43,125654,748],{"class":81},[43,125656,125657,125659,125661,125663,125665],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,125658,1192],{"class":207},[43,125660,212],{"class":211},[43,125662,932],{"class":81},[43,125664,7621],{"class":85},[43,125666,938],{"class":81},[14,125668,125669],{},"A common rule is:",[150,125671,125672,125675,125678],{},[153,125673,125674],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[153,125676,125677],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[153,125679,125680],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[14,125682,197],{},[34,125684,125686],{"className":36,"code":125685,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[18,125687,125688,125702,125716,125720,125731],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125689,125690,125693,125695,125697,125700],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125691,125692],{"class":207},"text1 ",[43,125694,212],{"class":211},[43,125696,932],{"class":81},[43,125698,125699],{"class":85},"It's working",[43,125701,938],{"class":81},[43,125703,125704,125707,125709,125711,125714],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,125705,125706],{"class":207},"text2 ",[43,125708,212],{"class":211},[43,125710,278],{"class":81},[43,125712,125713],{"class":85},"She said \"hello\"",[43,125715,748],{"class":81},[43,125717,125718],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,125719,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,125721,125722,125724,125726,125729],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,125723,50],{"class":49},[43,125725,54],{"class":53},[43,125727,125728],{"class":236},"text1",[43,125730,227],{"class":53},[43,125732,125733,125735,125737,125740],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,125734,50],{"class":49},[43,125736,54],{"class":53},[43,125738,125739],{"class":236},"text2",[43,125741,227],{"class":53},[14,125743,125744],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[29,125746,125748],{"id":125747},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[14,125750,125751],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[14,125753,125754],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[34,125756,125758],{"className":36,"code":125757,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[18,125759,125760,125765],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125761,125762],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125763,125764],{"class":3984},"# This will cause an error\n",[43,125766,125767],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,125768,125769],{"class":3984},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[14,125771,125772,125773,35652,125775,125778],{},"Python sees the second ",[18,125774,283],{},[18,125776,125777],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[14,125780,125781],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[34,125783,125785],{"className":36,"code":125784,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[18,125786,125787,125806],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125788,125789,125791,125793,125795,125798,125801,125804],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125790,927],{"class":207},[43,125792,212],{"class":211},[43,125794,278],{"class":81},[43,125796,125797],{"class":85},"It",[43,125799,125800],{"class":34776},"\\'",[43,125802,125803],{"class":85},"s working",[43,125805,748],{"class":81},[43,125807,125808,125810,125812,125814],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,125809,50],{"class":49},[43,125811,54],{"class":53},[43,125813,951],{"class":236},[43,125815,227],{"class":53},[14,125817,125818],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[34,125820,125822],{"className":36,"code":125821,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,125823,125824,125836],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125825,125826,125828,125830,125832,125834],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125827,927],{"class":207},[43,125829,212],{"class":211},[43,125831,932],{"class":81},[43,125833,125699],{"class":85},[43,125835,938],{"class":81},[43,125837,125838,125840,125842,125844],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,125839,50],{"class":49},[43,125841,54],{"class":53},[43,125843,951],{"class":236},[43,125845,227],{"class":53},[14,125847,125848],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[14,125850,125851,125852,315],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[189,125853,125855],{"href":125854},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[29,125857,3160],{"id":3159},[14,125859,125860],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[402,125862,90273],{"id":90272},[14,125864,125865],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[34,125867,125869],{"className":36,"code":125868,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[18,125870,125871,125875],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125872,125873],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125874,125764],{"class":3984},[43,125876,125877],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,125878,125879],{"class":3984},"# name = Alice\n",[14,125881,125882,125883,2125,125886,125888],{},"Python may raise a ",[18,125884,125885],{},"NameError",[18,125887,5327],{}," is not defined.",[14,125890,11122],{},[34,125892,125894],{"className":36,"code":125893,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[18,125895,125896,125908],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125897,125898,125900,125902,125904,125906],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125899,8202],{"class":207},[43,125901,212],{"class":211},[43,125903,932],{"class":81},[43,125905,5327],{"class":85},[43,125907,938],{"class":81},[43,125909,125910,125912,125914,125916],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,125911,50],{"class":49},[43,125913,54],{"class":53},[43,125915,7992],{"class":236},[43,125917,227],{"class":53},[402,125919,125921],{"id":125920},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[14,125923,125924],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[34,125926,125928],{"className":36,"code":125927,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[18,125929,125930,125934],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125931,125932],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125933,125764],{"class":3984},[43,125935,125936],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,125937,125938],{"class":3984},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[14,125940,125941],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[34,125943,125945],{"className":36,"code":125944,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[18,125946,125947,125964,125977,125981,125991],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,125948,125949,125951,125953,125955,125957,125959,125962],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,125950,125692],{"class":207},[43,125952,212],{"class":211},[43,125954,278],{"class":81},[43,125956,125797],{"class":85},[43,125958,125800],{"class":34776},[43,125960,125961],{"class":85},"s good",[43,125963,748],{"class":81},[43,125965,125966,125968,125970,125972,125975],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,125967,125706],{"class":207},[43,125969,212],{"class":211},[43,125971,932],{"class":81},[43,125973,125974],{"class":85},"It's good",[43,125976,938],{"class":81},[43,125978,125979],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,125980,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,125982,125983,125985,125987,125989],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,125984,50],{"class":49},[43,125986,54],{"class":53},[43,125988,125728],{"class":236},[43,125990,227],{"class":53},[43,125992,125993,125995,125997,125999],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,125994,50],{"class":49},[43,125996,54],{"class":53},[43,125998,125739],{"class":236},[43,126000,227],{"class":53},[402,126002,126004],{"id":126003},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[14,126006,126007],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[34,126009,126011],{"className":36,"code":126010,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,126012,126013,126025],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126014,126015,126017,126019,126021,126023],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126016,927],{"class":207},[43,126018,212],{"class":211},[43,126020,125368],{"class":81},[43,126022,710],{"class":85},[43,126024,43388],{"class":81},[43,126026,126027,126029,126031,126033],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,126028,50],{"class":49},[43,126030,54],{"class":53},[43,126032,951],{"class":236},[43,126034,227],{"class":53},[14,126036,126037],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[34,126039,126041],{"className":36,"code":126040,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,126042,126043,126055],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126044,126045,126047,126049,126051,126053],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126046,927],{"class":207},[43,126048,212],{"class":211},[43,126050,932],{"class":81},[43,126052,710],{"class":85},[43,126054,938],{"class":81},[43,126056,126057,126059,126061,126063],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,126058,50],{"class":49},[43,126060,54],{"class":53},[43,126062,951],{"class":236},[43,126064,227],{"class":53},[402,126066,4903,126068,895,126070,126072],{"id":126067},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[18,126069,50300],{},[18,126071,50350],{}," are the same type",[14,126074,126075],{},"They are different:",[34,126077,126079],{"className":36,"code":126078,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[18,126080,126081,126090,126103,126107,126121],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126082,126083,126086,126088],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126084,126085],{"class":207},"value1 ",[43,126087,212],{"class":211},[43,126089,125096],{"class":63},[43,126091,126092,126095,126097,126099,126101],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,126093,126094],{"class":207},"value2 ",[43,126096,212],{"class":211},[43,126098,932],{"class":81},[43,126100,50300],{"class":85},[43,126102,938],{"class":81},[43,126104,126105],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,126106,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,126108,126109,126111,126113,126115,126117,126119],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,126110,50],{"class":49},[43,126112,54],{"class":53},[43,126114,248],{"class":57},[43,126116,54],{"class":53},[43,126118,84829],{"class":236},[43,126120,67],{"class":53},[43,126122,126123,126125,126127,126129,126131,126134],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,126124,50],{"class":49},[43,126126,54],{"class":53},[43,126128,248],{"class":57},[43,126130,54],{"class":53},[43,126132,126133],{"class":236},"value2",[43,126135,67],{"class":53},[14,126137,110],{},[34,126139,126141],{"className":36,"code":126140,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,126142,126143,126157],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126144,126145,126147,126149,126151,126153,126155],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126146,271],{"class":211},[43,126148,275],{"class":274},[43,126150,278],{"class":81},[43,126152,2069],{"class":85},[43,126154,283],{"class":81},[43,126156,286],{"class":211},[43,126158,126159,126161,126163,126165,126167,126169],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,126160,271],{"class":211},[43,126162,275],{"class":274},[43,126164,278],{"class":81},[43,126166,1038],{"class":85},[43,126168,283],{"class":81},[43,126170,286],{"class":211},[402,126172,126174],{"id":126173},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[14,126176,126177],{},"This causes a type error:",[34,126179,126181],{"className":36,"code":126180,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[18,126182,126183,126187,126192],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126184,126185],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126186,125764],{"class":3984},[43,126188,126189],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,126190,126191],{"class":3984},"# age = 10\n",[43,126193,126194],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,126195,126196],{"class":3984},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[14,126198,126199,126200,325],{},"Fix it with ",[18,126201,47737],{},[34,126203,126205],{"className":36,"code":126204,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,126206,126207,126215,126237,126241],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126208,126209,126211,126213],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126210,21951],{"class":207},[43,126212,212],{"class":211},[43,126214,2916],{"class":63},[43,126216,126217,126219,126221,126223,126225,126227,126229,126231,126233,126235],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,126218,90066],{"class":207},[43,126220,212],{"class":211},[43,126222,932],{"class":81},[43,126224,89484],{"class":85},[43,126226,82],{"class":81},[43,126228,1224],{"class":211},[43,126230,48958],{"class":57},[43,126232,54],{"class":53},[43,126234,9615],{"class":236},[43,126236,227],{"class":53},[43,126238,126239],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,126240,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,126242,126243,126245,126247,126249],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,126244,50],{"class":49},[43,126246,54],{"class":53},[43,126248,90083],{"class":236},[43,126250,227],{"class":53},[14,126252,126253,126254,315],{},"For this specific error, see ",[189,126255,90465],{"href":90464},[402,126257,60768],{"id":60767},[14,126259,126260],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[34,126262,126264],{"className":36,"code":126263,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[18,126265,126266,126278,126282,126292,126306],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126267,126268,126270,126272,126274,126276],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126269,927],{"class":207},[43,126271,212],{"class":211},[43,126273,932],{"class":81},[43,126275,710],{"class":85},[43,126277,938],{"class":81},[43,126279,126280],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,126281,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,126283,126284,126286,126288,126290],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,126285,50],{"class":49},[43,126287,54],{"class":53},[43,126289,951],{"class":236},[43,126291,227],{"class":53},[43,126293,126294,126296,126298,126300,126302,126304],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,126295,50],{"class":49},[43,126297,54],{"class":53},[43,126299,248],{"class":57},[43,126301,54],{"class":53},[43,126303,951],{"class":236},[43,126305,67],{"class":53},[43,126307,126308,126310,126312,126314,126316,126318],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,126309,50],{"class":49},[43,126311,54],{"class":53},[43,126313,1820],{"class":49},[43,126315,54],{"class":53},[43,126317,951],{"class":236},[43,126319,67],{"class":53},[150,126321,126322,126327,126332],{},[153,126323,126324,46331],{},[18,126325,126326],{},"print(text)",[153,126328,126329,46336],{},[18,126330,126331],{},"print(type(text))",[153,126333,126334,126337],{},[18,126335,126336],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[29,126339,2162],{"id":2161},[402,126341,126343],{"id":126342},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[14,126345,126346,126347,2172,126350,315],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[18,126348,126349],{},"'hello'",[18,126351,64593],{},[402,126353,126355],{"id":126354},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[14,126357,126358],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[402,126360,126362],{"id":126361},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[14,126364,133,126365,2172,126367,315],{},[18,126366,769],{},[18,126368,4094],{},[402,126370,126372],{"id":126371},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[14,126374,133,126375,126377,126378,126380,126381,315],{},[18,126376,47737],{},", like ",[18,126379,80439],{},", which returns ",[18,126382,2187],{},[402,126384,126386],{"id":126385},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[14,126388,126389],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[29,126391,2229],{"id":2228},[150,126393,126394,126398,126404,126409,126418,126422],{},[153,126395,126396],{},[189,126397,125169],{"href":51030},[153,126399,126400],{},[189,126401,3894,126402,3827],{"href":2240},[18,126403,47737],{},[153,126405,126406],{},[189,126407,126408],{"href":123339},"How to convert int to string in Python",[153,126410,126411],{},[189,126412,126414,126415,11055],{"href":126413},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[18,126416,126417],{},"format()",[153,126419,126420],{},[189,126421,125855],{"href":125854},[153,126423,126424],{},[189,126425,90465],{"href":90464},[2262,126427,126428],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":126430},[126431,126432,126433,126434,126435,126436,126437,126438,126439,126448,126455],{"id":15484,"depth":70,"text":15485},{"id":125008,"depth":70,"text":125009},{"id":125172,"depth":70,"text":125173},{"id":125247,"depth":70,"text":125248},{"id":125347,"depth":70,"text":125348},{"id":125452,"depth":70,"text":125453},{"id":125630,"depth":70,"text":125631},{"id":125747,"depth":70,"text":125748},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160,"children":126440},[126441,126442,126443,126444,126446,126447],{"id":90272,"depth":93,"text":90273},{"id":125920,"depth":93,"text":125921},{"id":126003,"depth":93,"text":126004},{"id":126067,"depth":93,"text":126445},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126173,"depth":93,"text":126174},{"id":60767,"depth":93,"text":60768},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":126449},[126450,126451,126452,126453,126454],{"id":126342,"depth":93,"text":126343},{"id":126354,"depth":93,"text":126355},{"id":126361,"depth":93,"text":126362},{"id":126371,"depth":93,"text":126372},{"id":126385,"depth":93,"text":126386},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124870,"description":126456},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126463,"title":126464,"body":126465,"description":128379,"extension":2312,"meta":128380,"navigation":958,"path":128381,"seo":128382,"stem":128383,"__hash__":128384},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126466,"toc":128340},[126467,126473,126478,126486,126488,126555,126557,126569,126578,126583,126587,126604,126606,126671,126673,126685,126690,126692,126720,126741,126744,126783,126785,126793,126797,126801,126805,126813,126816,126857,126859,126867,126870,126927,126929,126937,126941,126946,126990,126992,127000,127009,127013,127018,127066,127068,127076,127082,127084,127088,127100,127105,127184,127186,127206,127210,127214,127254,127256,127264,127268,127311,127313,127321,127325,127365,127367,127375,127379,127435,127437,127445,127451,127453,127457,127467,127534,127536,127549,127556,127599,127601,127609,127613,127616,127672,127674,127682,127685,127687,127764,127766,127774,127783,127785,127789,127793,127795,127817,127820,127867,127871,127910,127912,127920,127922,127964,127971,127976,128038,128040,128052,128058,128063,128112,128114,128133,128139,128141,128160,128162,128253,128255,128261,128268,128274,128280,128285,128294,128301,128309,128311,128337],[10,126468,123414,126470,11638],{"id":126469},"python-string-endswith-method",[18,126471,126472],{},"endswith()",[14,126474,123419,126475,126477],{},[18,126476,126472],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[14,126479,126480,126481,2172,126483,126485],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[18,126482,105],{},[18,126484,613],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[29,126487,32],{"id":31},[34,126489,126491],{"className":36,"code":126490,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[18,126492,126493,126507,126532],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126494,126495,126498,126500,126502,126505],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126496,126497],{"class":207},"filename ",[43,126499,212],{"class":211},[43,126501,932],{"class":81},[43,126503,126504],{"class":85},"report.csv",[43,126506,938],{"class":81},[43,126508,126509,126511,126513,126516,126518,126521,126523,126525,126528,126530],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,126510,50],{"class":49},[43,126512,54],{"class":53},[43,126514,126515],{"class":236},"filename",[43,126517,315],{"class":53},[43,126519,126520],{"class":236},"endswith",[43,126522,54],{"class":53},[43,126524,82],{"class":81},[43,126526,126527],{"class":85},".csv",[43,126529,82],{"class":81},[43,126531,67],{"class":53},[43,126533,126534,126536,126538,126540,126542,126544,126546,126548,126551,126553],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,126535,50],{"class":49},[43,126537,54],{"class":53},[43,126539,126515],{"class":236},[43,126541,315],{"class":53},[43,126543,126520],{"class":236},[43,126545,54],{"class":53},[43,126547,82],{"class":81},[43,126549,126550],{"class":85},".txt",[43,126552,82],{"class":81},[43,126554,67],{"class":53},[14,126556,110],{},[34,126558,126559],{"className":36,"code":44226,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,126560,126561,126565],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126562,126563],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126564,4301],{"class":104},[43,126566,126567],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,126568,4362],{"class":104},[14,126570,133,126571,5694,126573,2172,126575,126577],{},[18,126572,126472],{},[18,126574,105],{},[18,126576,613],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[29,126579,3998,126581,4001],{"id":126580},"what-endswith-does",[18,126582,126472],{},[14,126584,126585,325],{},[18,126586,126472],{},[150,126588,126589,126592,126598,126601],{},[153,126590,126591],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[153,126593,11740,126594,2172,126596],{},[18,126595,105],{},[18,126597,613],{},[153,126599,126600],{},"Does not change the original string",[153,126602,126603],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[14,126605,197],{},[34,126607,126609],{"className":36,"code":126608,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[18,126610,126611,126623,126627,126649],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126612,126613,126615,126617,126619,126621],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126614,927],{"class":207},[43,126616,212],{"class":211},[43,126618,932],{"class":81},[43,126620,60464],{"class":85},[43,126622,938],{"class":81},[43,126624,126625],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,126626,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,126628,126629,126631,126633,126635,126637,126639,126641,126643,126645,126647],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,126630,50],{"class":49},[43,126632,54],{"class":53},[43,126634,951],{"class":236},[43,126636,315],{"class":53},[43,126638,126520],{"class":236},[43,126640,54],{"class":53},[43,126642,82],{"class":81},[43,126644,60649],{"class":85},[43,126646,82],{"class":81},[43,126648,67],{"class":53},[43,126650,126651,126653,126655,126657,126659,126661,126663,126665,126667,126669],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,126652,50],{"class":49},[43,126654,54],{"class":53},[43,126656,951],{"class":236},[43,126658,315],{"class":53},[43,126660,126520],{"class":236},[43,126662,54],{"class":53},[43,126664,82],{"class":81},[43,126666,710],{"class":85},[43,126668,82],{"class":81},[43,126670,67],{"class":53},[14,126672,110],{},[34,126674,126675],{"className":36,"code":44226,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,126676,126677,126681],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126678,126679],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126680,4301],{"class":104},[43,126682,126683],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,126684,4362],{"class":104},[14,126686,126687,126688,315],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[189,126689,125169],{"href":51030},[29,126691,290],{"id":289},[34,126693,126695],{"className":36,"code":126694,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[18,126696,126697],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126698,126699,126701,126703,126705,126707,126710,126712,126714,126716,126718],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126700,61232],{"class":207},[43,126702,315],{"class":53},[43,126704,126520],{"class":236},[43,126706,54],{"class":53},[43,126708,126709],{"class":236},"suffix",[43,126711,800],{"class":53},[43,126713,36375],{"class":236},[43,126715,800],{"class":53},[43,126717,65099],{"class":236},[43,126719,227],{"class":53},[150,126721,126722,126727,126734],{},[153,126723,126724,126726],{},[18,126725,126709],{}," is required",[153,126728,126729,895,126731,126733],{},[18,126730,36396],{},[18,126732,52716],{}," are optional",[153,126735,126736,895,126738,126740],{},[18,126737,36396],{},[18,126739,52716],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[14,126742,126743],{},"Basic example:",[34,126745,126747],{"className":36,"code":126746,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[18,126748,126749,126761],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126750,126751,126753,126755,126757,126759],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126752,126497],{"class":207},[43,126754,212],{"class":211},[43,126756,932],{"class":81},[43,126758,86954],{"class":85},[43,126760,938],{"class":81},[43,126762,126763,126765,126767,126769,126771,126773,126775,126777,126779,126781],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,126764,50],{"class":49},[43,126766,54],{"class":53},[43,126768,126515],{"class":236},[43,126770,315],{"class":53},[43,126772,126520],{"class":236},[43,126774,54],{"class":53},[43,126776,82],{"class":81},[43,126778,126550],{"class":85},[43,126780,82],{"class":81},[43,126782,67],{"class":53},[14,126784,110],{},[34,126786,126787],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,126788,126789],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126790,126791],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126792,4301],{"class":104},[29,126794,126796],{"id":126795},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[402,126798,126799],{"id":126709},[18,126800,126709],{},[14,126802,126803,31071],{},[18,126804,126709],{},[150,126806,126807,126810],{},[153,126808,126809],{},"A single string",[153,126811,126812],{},"A tuple of strings",[14,126814,126815],{},"Single suffix:",[34,126817,126819],{"className":36,"code":126818,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[18,126820,126821,126834],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126822,126823,126825,126827,126829,126832],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126824,8202],{"class":207},[43,126826,212],{"class":211},[43,126828,932],{"class":81},[43,126830,126831],{"class":85},"image.png",[43,126833,938],{"class":81},[43,126835,126836,126838,126840,126842,126844,126846,126848,126850,126853,126855],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,126837,50],{"class":49},[43,126839,54],{"class":53},[43,126841,7992],{"class":236},[43,126843,315],{"class":53},[43,126845,126520],{"class":236},[43,126847,54],{"class":53},[43,126849,82],{"class":81},[43,126851,126852],{"class":85},".png",[43,126854,82],{"class":81},[43,126856,67],{"class":53},[14,126858,110],{},[34,126860,126861],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,126862,126863],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126864,126865],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126866,4301],{"class":104},[14,126868,126869],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[34,126871,126873],{"className":36,"code":126872,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,126874,126875,126887],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126876,126877,126879,126881,126883,126885],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126878,8202],{"class":207},[43,126880,212],{"class":211},[43,126882,932],{"class":81},[43,126884,126831],{"class":85},[43,126886,938],{"class":81},[43,126888,126889,126891,126893,126895,126897,126899,126901,126903,126906,126908,126910,126912,126914,126916,126918,126920,126923,126925],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,126890,50],{"class":49},[43,126892,54],{"class":53},[43,126894,7992],{"class":236},[43,126896,315],{"class":53},[43,126898,126520],{"class":236},[43,126900,5836],{"class":53},[43,126902,82],{"class":81},[43,126904,126905],{"class":85},".jpg",[43,126907,82],{"class":81},[43,126909,800],{"class":53},[43,126911,932],{"class":81},[43,126913,126852],{"class":85},[43,126915,82],{"class":81},[43,126917,800],{"class":53},[43,126919,932],{"class":81},[43,126921,126922],{"class":85},".gif",[43,126924,82],{"class":81},[43,126926,3239],{"class":53},[14,126928,110],{},[34,126930,126931],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,126932,126933],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126934,126935],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126936,4301],{"class":104},[402,126938,126939],{"id":36396},[18,126940,36396],{},[14,126942,126943,126945],{},[18,126944,36396],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[34,126947,126949],{"className":36,"code":126948,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[18,126950,126951,126964],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126952,126953,126955,126957,126959,126962],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126954,927],{"class":207},[43,126956,212],{"class":211},[43,126958,932],{"class":81},[43,126960,126961],{"class":85},"my_report.csv",[43,126963,938],{"class":81},[43,126965,126966,126968,126970,126972,126974,126976,126978,126980,126982,126984,126986,126988],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,126967,50],{"class":49},[43,126969,54],{"class":53},[43,126971,951],{"class":236},[43,126973,315],{"class":53},[43,126975,126520],{"class":236},[43,126977,54],{"class":53},[43,126979,82],{"class":81},[43,126981,126527],{"class":85},[43,126983,82],{"class":81},[43,126985,800],{"class":53},[43,126987,808],{"class":63},[43,126989,67],{"class":53},[14,126991,110],{},[34,126993,126994],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,126995,126996],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,126997,126998],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,126999,4301],{"class":104},[14,127001,127002,127003,127005,127006,315],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[18,127004,2409],{}," onward, which is ",[18,127007,127008],{},"\"report.csv\"",[402,127010,127011],{"id":52716},[18,127012,52716],{},[14,127014,127015,127017],{},[18,127016,52716],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[34,127019,127021],{"className":36,"code":127020,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[18,127022,127023,127036],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127024,127025,127027,127029,127031,127034],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127026,927],{"class":207},[43,127028,212],{"class":211},[43,127030,932],{"class":81},[43,127032,127033],{"class":85},"report.csv backup",[43,127035,938],{"class":81},[43,127037,127038,127040,127042,127044,127046,127048,127050,127052,127054,127056,127058,127060,127062,127064],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,127039,50],{"class":49},[43,127041,54],{"class":53},[43,127043,951],{"class":236},[43,127045,315],{"class":53},[43,127047,126520],{"class":236},[43,127049,54],{"class":53},[43,127051,82],{"class":81},[43,127053,126527],{"class":85},[43,127055,82],{"class":81},[43,127057,800],{"class":53},[43,127059,4155],{"class":63},[43,127061,800],{"class":53},[43,127063,6331],{"class":63},[43,127065,67],{"class":53},[14,127067,110],{},[34,127069,127070],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,127071,127072],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127073,127074],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127075,4301],{"class":104},[14,127077,127078,127079,127081],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[18,127080,127008],{}," and ignores the rest.",[29,127083,903],{"id":902},[14,127085,127086,25832],{},[18,127087,126472],{},[150,127089,127090,127095],{},[153,127091,127092,127094],{},[18,127093,105],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[153,127096,127097,127099],{},[18,127098,613],{}," if it does not",[14,127101,127102,127103,7498],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[18,127104,7323],{},[34,127106,127108],{"className":36,"code":127107,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[18,127109,127110,127123,127127,127148,127163,127169],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127111,127112,127114,127116,127118,127121],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127113,126497],{"class":207},[43,127115,212],{"class":211},[43,127117,932],{"class":81},[43,127119,127120],{"class":85},"data.csv",[43,127122,938],{"class":81},[43,127124,127125],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,127126,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,127128,127129,127131,127134,127136,127138,127140,127142,127144,127146],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,127130,7323],{"class":1927},[43,127132,127133],{"class":207}," filename",[43,127135,315],{"class":53},[43,127137,126520],{"class":236},[43,127139,54],{"class":53},[43,127141,82],{"class":81},[43,127143,126527],{"class":85},[43,127145,82],{"class":81},[43,127147,8662],{"class":53},[43,127149,127150,127152,127154,127156,127159,127161],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,127151,1951],{"class":49},[43,127153,54],{"class":53},[43,127155,82],{"class":81},[43,127157,127158],{"class":85},"This is a CSV file.",[43,127160,82],{"class":81},[43,127162,227],{"class":53},[43,127164,127165,127167],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,127166,27758],{"class":1927},[43,127168,1931],{"class":53},[43,127170,127171,127173,127175,127177,127180,127182],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,127172,1951],{"class":49},[43,127174,54],{"class":53},[43,127176,82],{"class":81},[43,127178,127179],{"class":85},"This is not a CSV file.",[43,127181,82],{"class":81},[43,127183,227],{"class":53},[14,127185,110],{},[34,127187,127189],{"className":36,"code":127188,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"This is a CSV file.\n",[18,127190,127191],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127192,127193,127195,127197,127199,127202,127204],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127194,49933],{"class":207},[43,127196,12512],{"class":211},[43,127198,44597],{"class":207},[43,127200,127201],{"class":34776},"CSV",[43,127203,86695],{"class":86694},[43,127205,122446],{"class":53},[29,127207,127209],{"id":127208},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[402,127211,127213],{"id":127212},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[34,127215,127217],{"className":36,"code":127216,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,127218,127219,127232],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127220,127221,127223,127225,127227,127230],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127222,126497],{"class":207},[43,127224,212],{"class":211},[43,127226,932],{"class":81},[43,127228,127229],{"class":85},"sales.csv",[43,127231,938],{"class":81},[43,127233,127234,127236,127238,127240,127242,127244,127246,127248,127250,127252],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,127235,50],{"class":49},[43,127237,54],{"class":53},[43,127239,126515],{"class":236},[43,127241,315],{"class":53},[43,127243,126520],{"class":236},[43,127245,54],{"class":53},[43,127247,82],{"class":81},[43,127249,126527],{"class":85},[43,127251,82],{"class":81},[43,127253,67],{"class":53},[14,127255,110],{},[34,127257,127258],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,127259,127260],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127261,127262],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127263,4301],{"class":104},[402,127265,127267],{"id":127266},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[34,127269,127271],{"className":36,"code":127270,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[18,127272,127273,127287],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127274,127275,127278,127280,127282,127285],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127276,127277],{"class":207},"url ",[43,127279,212],{"class":211},[43,127281,932],{"class":81},[43,127283,127284],{"class":85},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[43,127286,938],{"class":81},[43,127288,127289,127291,127293,127296,127298,127300,127302,127304,127307,127309],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,127290,50],{"class":49},[43,127292,54],{"class":53},[43,127294,127295],{"class":236},"url",[43,127297,315],{"class":53},[43,127299,126520],{"class":236},[43,127301,54],{"class":53},[43,127303,82],{"class":81},[43,127305,127306],{"class":85},"\u002F",[43,127308,82],{"class":81},[43,127310,67],{"class":53},[14,127312,110],{},[34,127314,127315],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,127316,127317],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127318,127319],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127320,4301],{"class":104},[402,127322,127324],{"id":127323},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[34,127326,127328],{"className":36,"code":127327,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[18,127329,127330,127343],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127331,127332,127334,127336,127338,127341],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127333,90066],{"class":207},[43,127335,212],{"class":211},[43,127337,932],{"class":81},[43,127339,127340],{"class":85},"Hello!",[43,127342,938],{"class":81},[43,127344,127345,127347,127349,127351,127353,127355,127357,127359,127361,127363],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,127346,50],{"class":49},[43,127348,54],{"class":53},[43,127350,90083],{"class":236},[43,127352,315],{"class":53},[43,127354,126520],{"class":236},[43,127356,54],{"class":53},[43,127358,82],{"class":81},[43,127360,89907],{"class":85},[43,127362,82],{"class":81},[43,127364,67],{"class":53},[14,127366,110],{},[34,127368,127369],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,127370,127371],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127372,127373],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127374,4301],{"class":104},[402,127376,127378],{"id":127377},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[34,127380,127382],{"className":36,"code":127381,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,127383,127384,127397],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127385,127386,127388,127390,127392,127395],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127387,126497],{"class":207},[43,127389,212],{"class":211},[43,127391,932],{"class":81},[43,127393,127394],{"class":85},"photo.jpg",[43,127396,938],{"class":81},[43,127398,127399,127401,127403,127405,127407,127409,127411,127413,127415,127417,127419,127421,127423,127425,127427,127429,127431,127433],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,127400,50],{"class":49},[43,127402,54],{"class":53},[43,127404,126515],{"class":236},[43,127406,315],{"class":53},[43,127408,126520],{"class":236},[43,127410,5836],{"class":53},[43,127412,82],{"class":81},[43,127414,126905],{"class":85},[43,127416,82],{"class":81},[43,127418,800],{"class":53},[43,127420,932],{"class":81},[43,127422,126852],{"class":85},[43,127424,82],{"class":81},[43,127426,800],{"class":53},[43,127428,932],{"class":81},[43,127430,126922],{"class":85},[43,127432,82],{"class":81},[43,127434,3239],{"class":53},[14,127436,110],{},[34,127438,127439],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,127440,127441],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127442,127443],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127444,4301],{"class":104},[14,127446,127447,127448,315],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[189,127449,127450],{"href":123669},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[29,127452,124061],{"id":124060},[14,127454,127455,123872],{},[18,127456,126472],{},[14,127458,127459,127460,895,127463,127466],{},"That means ",[18,127461,127462],{},"\".CSV\"",[18,127464,127465],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[34,127468,127470],{"className":36,"code":127469,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[18,127471,127472,127485,127489,127511],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127473,127474,127476,127478,127480,127483],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127475,126497],{"class":207},[43,127477,212],{"class":211},[43,127479,932],{"class":81},[43,127481,127482],{"class":85},"REPORT.CSV",[43,127484,938],{"class":81},[43,127486,127487],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,127488,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,127490,127491,127493,127495,127497,127499,127501,127503,127505,127507,127509],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,127492,50],{"class":49},[43,127494,54],{"class":53},[43,127496,126515],{"class":236},[43,127498,315],{"class":53},[43,127500,126520],{"class":236},[43,127502,54],{"class":53},[43,127504,82],{"class":81},[43,127506,126527],{"class":85},[43,127508,82],{"class":81},[43,127510,67],{"class":53},[43,127512,127513,127515,127517,127519,127521,127523,127525,127527,127530,127532],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,127514,50],{"class":49},[43,127516,54],{"class":53},[43,127518,126515],{"class":236},[43,127520,315],{"class":53},[43,127522,126520],{"class":236},[43,127524,54],{"class":53},[43,127526,82],{"class":81},[43,127528,127529],{"class":85},".CSV",[43,127531,82],{"class":81},[43,127533,67],{"class":53},[14,127535,110],{},[34,127537,127539],{"className":36,"code":127538,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"False\nTrue\n",[18,127540,127541,127545],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127542,127543],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127544,4362],{"class":104},[43,127546,127547],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,127548,4301],{"class":104},[14,127550,127551,127552,315],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[189,127553,127554],{"href":124141},[18,127555,124144],{},[34,127557,127559],{"className":36,"code":127558,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,127560,127561,127573],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127562,127563,127565,127567,127569,127571],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127564,126497],{"class":207},[43,127566,212],{"class":211},[43,127568,932],{"class":81},[43,127570,127482],{"class":85},[43,127572,938],{"class":81},[43,127574,127575,127577,127579,127581,127583,127585,127587,127589,127591,127593,127595,127597],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,127576,50],{"class":49},[43,127578,54],{"class":53},[43,127580,126515],{"class":236},[43,127582,315],{"class":53},[43,127584,8959],{"class":236},[43,127586,8956],{"class":53},[43,127588,126520],{"class":236},[43,127590,54],{"class":53},[43,127592,82],{"class":81},[43,127594,126527],{"class":85},[43,127596,82],{"class":81},[43,127598,67],{"class":53},[14,127600,110],{},[34,127602,127603],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,127604,127605],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127606,127607],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127608,4301],{"class":104},[29,127610,127612],{"id":127611},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[14,127614,127615],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[34,127617,127619],{"className":36,"code":127618,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,127620,127621,127634],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127622,127623,127625,127627,127629,127632],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127624,126497],{"class":207},[43,127626,212],{"class":211},[43,127628,932],{"class":81},[43,127630,127631],{"class":85},"picture.gif",[43,127633,938],{"class":81},[43,127635,127636,127638,127640,127642,127644,127646,127648,127650,127652,127654,127656,127658,127660,127662,127664,127666,127668,127670],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,127637,50],{"class":49},[43,127639,54],{"class":53},[43,127641,126515],{"class":236},[43,127643,315],{"class":53},[43,127645,126520],{"class":236},[43,127647,5836],{"class":53},[43,127649,82],{"class":81},[43,127651,126905],{"class":85},[43,127653,82],{"class":81},[43,127655,800],{"class":53},[43,127657,932],{"class":81},[43,127659,126852],{"class":85},[43,127661,82],{"class":81},[43,127663,800],{"class":53},[43,127665,932],{"class":81},[43,127667,126922],{"class":85},[43,127669,82],{"class":81},[43,127671,3239],{"class":53},[14,127673,110],{},[34,127675,127676],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,127677,127678],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127679,127680],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127681,4301],{"class":104},[14,127683,127684],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[14,127686,52135],{},[34,127688,127690],{"className":36,"code":127689,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[18,127691,127692,127705,127740,127744],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127693,127694,127697,127699,127701,127703],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127695,127696],{"class":207},"document ",[43,127698,212],{"class":211},[43,127700,932],{"class":81},[43,127702,86954],{"class":85},[43,127704,938],{"class":81},[43,127706,127707,127710,127712,127714,127716,127718,127720,127722,127724,127727,127729,127731,127733,127736,127738],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,127708,127709],{"class":207},"allowed ",[43,127711,212],{"class":211},[43,127713,9552],{"class":53},[43,127715,82],{"class":81},[43,127717,126550],{"class":85},[43,127719,82],{"class":81},[43,127721,800],{"class":53},[43,127723,932],{"class":81},[43,127725,127726],{"class":85},".md",[43,127728,82],{"class":81},[43,127730,800],{"class":53},[43,127732,932],{"class":81},[43,127734,127735],{"class":85},".docx",[43,127737,82],{"class":81},[43,127739,227],{"class":53},[43,127741,127742],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,127743,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,127745,127746,127748,127750,127753,127755,127757,127759,127762],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,127747,50],{"class":49},[43,127749,54],{"class":53},[43,127751,127752],{"class":236},"document",[43,127754,315],{"class":53},[43,127756,126520],{"class":236},[43,127758,54],{"class":53},[43,127760,127761],{"class":236},"allowed",[43,127763,67],{"class":53},[14,127765,110],{},[34,127767,127768],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,127769,127770],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127771,127772],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127773,4301],{"class":104},[14,127775,127776,127777,315],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[189,127778,126414,127780,11055],{"href":127779},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[18,127781,127782],{},"startswith()",[29,127784,3160],{"id":3159},[14,127786,8767,127787,315],{},[18,127788,126472],{},[402,127790,127792],{"id":127791},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[14,127794,4849],{},[34,127796,127798],{"className":36,"code":127797,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[18,127799,127800,127812],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127801,127802,127804,127806,127808,127810],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127803,126497],{"class":207},[43,127805,212],{"class":211},[43,127807,932],{"class":81},[43,127809,127394],{"class":85},[43,127811,938],{"class":81},[43,127813,127814],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,127815,127816],{"class":3984},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[14,127818,127819],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[34,127821,127823],{"className":36,"code":127822,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[18,127824,127825,127837],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127826,127827,127829,127831,127833,127835],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127828,126497],{"class":207},[43,127830,212],{"class":211},[43,127832,932],{"class":81},[43,127834,127394],{"class":85},[43,127836,938],{"class":81},[43,127838,127839,127841,127843,127845,127847,127849,127851,127853,127855,127857,127859,127861,127863,127865],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,127840,50],{"class":49},[43,127842,54],{"class":53},[43,127844,126515],{"class":236},[43,127846,315],{"class":53},[43,127848,126520],{"class":236},[43,127850,5836],{"class":53},[43,127852,82],{"class":81},[43,127854,126905],{"class":85},[43,127856,82],{"class":81},[43,127858,800],{"class":53},[43,127860,932],{"class":81},[43,127862,126852],{"class":85},[43,127864,82],{"class":81},[43,127866,3239],{"class":53},[402,127868,127870],{"id":127869},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[34,127872,127874],{"className":36,"code":127873,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,127875,127876,127888],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127877,127878,127880,127882,127884,127886],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127879,126497],{"class":207},[43,127881,212],{"class":211},[43,127883,932],{"class":81},[43,127885,127482],{"class":85},[43,127887,938],{"class":81},[43,127889,127890,127892,127894,127896,127898,127900,127902,127904,127906,127908],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,127891,50],{"class":49},[43,127893,54],{"class":53},[43,127895,126515],{"class":236},[43,127897,315],{"class":53},[43,127899,126520],{"class":236},[43,127901,54],{"class":53},[43,127903,82],{"class":81},[43,127905,126527],{"class":85},[43,127907,82],{"class":81},[43,127909,67],{"class":53},[14,127911,110],{},[34,127913,127914],{"className":36,"code":4362,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,127915,127916],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127917,127918],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127919,4362],{"class":104},[14,127921,39588],{},[34,127923,127924],{"className":36,"code":127558,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,127925,127926,127938],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127927,127928,127930,127932,127934,127936],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127929,126497],{"class":207},[43,127931,212],{"class":211},[43,127933,932],{"class":81},[43,127935,127482],{"class":85},[43,127937,938],{"class":81},[43,127939,127940,127942,127944,127946,127948,127950,127952,127954,127956,127958,127960,127962],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,127941,50],{"class":49},[43,127943,54],{"class":53},[43,127945,126515],{"class":236},[43,127947,315],{"class":53},[43,127949,8959],{"class":236},[43,127951,8956],{"class":53},[43,127953,126520],{"class":236},[43,127955,54],{"class":53},[43,127957,82],{"class":81},[43,127959,126527],{"class":85},[43,127961,82],{"class":81},[43,127963,67],{"class":53},[402,127965,37529,127967,9023,127969],{"id":127966},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[18,127968,126472],{},[18,127970,4203],{},[14,127972,127973,127975],{},[18,127974,126472],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[34,127977,127979],{"className":36,"code":127978,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[18,127980,127981,127994,127998,128020],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,127982,127983,127985,127987,127989,127992],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,127984,927],{"class":207},[43,127986,212],{"class":211},[43,127988,932],{"class":81},[43,127990,127991],{"class":85},"my_report.csv.backup",[43,127993,938],{"class":81},[43,127995,127996],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,127997,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,127999,128000,128002,128004,128006,128008,128010,128012,128014,128016,128018],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,128001,50],{"class":49},[43,128003,54],{"class":53},[43,128005,951],{"class":236},[43,128007,315],{"class":53},[43,128009,126520],{"class":236},[43,128011,54],{"class":53},[43,128013,82],{"class":81},[43,128015,126527],{"class":85},[43,128017,82],{"class":81},[43,128019,67],{"class":53},[43,128021,128022,128024,128026,128028,128030,128032,128034,128036],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,128023,50],{"class":49},[43,128025,54],{"class":53},[43,128027,82],{"class":81},[43,128029,126527],{"class":85},[43,128031,82],{"class":81},[43,128033,21497],{"class":1927},[43,128035,42893],{"class":236},[43,128037,227],{"class":53},[14,128039,110],{},[34,128041,128042],{"className":36,"code":127538,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,128043,128044,128048],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,128045,128046],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,128047,4362],{"class":104},[43,128049,128050],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,128051,4301],{"class":104},[402,128053,8773,128055,128057],{"id":128054},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[18,128056,126472],{}," to remove the suffix",[14,128059,128060,128062],{},[18,128061,126472],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[34,128064,128066],{"className":36,"code":128065,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[18,128067,128068,128080,128102],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,128069,128070,128072,128074,128076,128078],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,128071,126497],{"class":207},[43,128073,212],{"class":211},[43,128075,932],{"class":81},[43,128077,126504],{"class":85},[43,128079,938],{"class":81},[43,128081,128082,128084,128086,128088,128090,128092,128094,128096,128098,128100],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,128083,50],{"class":49},[43,128085,54],{"class":53},[43,128087,126515],{"class":236},[43,128089,315],{"class":53},[43,128091,126520],{"class":236},[43,128093,54],{"class":53},[43,128095,82],{"class":81},[43,128097,126527],{"class":85},[43,128099,82],{"class":81},[43,128101,67],{"class":53},[43,128103,128104,128106,128108,128110],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,128105,50],{"class":49},[43,128107,54],{"class":53},[43,128109,126515],{"class":236},[43,128111,227],{"class":53},[14,128113,110],{},[34,128115,128117],{"className":36,"code":128116,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"True\nreport.csv\n",[18,128118,128119,128123],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,128120,128121],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,128122,4301],{"class":104},[43,128124,128125,128128,128130],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,128126,128127],{"class":207},"report",[43,128129,315],{"class":53},[43,128131,128132],{"class":25074},"csv\n",[14,128134,128135,128136,315],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[189,128137,128138],{"href":124582},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[14,128140,66122],{},[150,128142,128143,128146,128149,128152],{},[153,128144,128145],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[153,128147,128148],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[153,128150,128151],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[153,128153,8738,128154,44682,128156,2172,128158,111611],{},[18,128155,126472],{},[18,128157,124585],{},[18,128159,1691],{},[14,128161,30456],{},[34,128163,128165],{"className":36,"code":128164,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,128166,128167,128177,128191,128213,128239],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,128168,128169,128171,128173,128175],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,128170,50],{"class":49},[43,128172,54],{"class":53},[43,128174,951],{"class":236},[43,128176,227],{"class":53},[43,128178,128179,128181,128183,128185,128187,128189],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,128180,50],{"class":49},[43,128182,54],{"class":53},[43,128184,1820],{"class":49},[43,128186,54],{"class":53},[43,128188,951],{"class":236},[43,128190,67],{"class":53},[43,128192,128193,128195,128197,128199,128201,128203,128205,128207,128209,128211],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,128194,50],{"class":49},[43,128196,54],{"class":53},[43,128198,951],{"class":236},[43,128200,315],{"class":53},[43,128202,126520],{"class":236},[43,128204,54],{"class":53},[43,128206,283],{"class":81},[43,128208,126527],{"class":85},[43,128210,283],{"class":81},[43,128212,67],{"class":53},[43,128214,128215,128217,128219,128221,128223,128225,128227,128229,128231,128233,128235,128237],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,128216,50],{"class":49},[43,128218,54],{"class":53},[43,128220,951],{"class":236},[43,128222,315],{"class":53},[43,128224,8959],{"class":236},[43,128226,8956],{"class":53},[43,128228,126520],{"class":236},[43,128230,54],{"class":53},[43,128232,283],{"class":81},[43,128234,126527],{"class":85},[43,128236,283],{"class":81},[43,128238,67],{"class":53},[43,128240,128241,128243,128245,128247,128249,128251],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,128242,50],{"class":49},[43,128244,54],{"class":53},[43,128246,248],{"class":57},[43,128248,54],{"class":53},[43,128250,951],{"class":236},[43,128252,67],{"class":53},[29,128254,2162],{"id":2161},[402,128256,13023,128258,128260],{"id":128257},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[18,128259,126472],{}," change the string?",[14,128262,128263,128264,2172,128266,315],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[18,128265,105],{},[18,128267,613],{},[402,128269,5493,128271,128273],{"id":128270},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[18,128272,126472],{}," check more than one ending?",[14,128275,128276,128277,315],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[18,128278,128279],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[402,128281,15225,128283,124750],{"id":128282},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[18,128284,126472],{},[14,128286,128287,128288,2172,128290,128293],{},"Yes. Use ",[18,128289,124144],{},[18,128291,128292],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[402,128295,5503,128297,895,128299,2822],{"id":128296},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[18,128298,126472],{},[18,128300,124409],{},[14,128302,128303,128305,128306,128308],{},[18,128304,126472],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[18,128307,124409],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[29,128310,2229],{"id":2228},[150,128312,128313,128319,128325,128329,128333],{},[153,128314,128315],{},[189,128316,126414,128317,11055],{"href":127779},[18,128318,127782],{},[153,128320,128321],{},[189,128322,126414,128323,11055],{"href":124141},[18,128324,124144],{},[153,128326,128327],{},[189,128328,124813],{"href":123669},[153,128330,128331],{},[189,128332,124820],{"href":124582},[153,128334,128335],{},[189,128336,125169],{"href":51030},[2262,128338,128339],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":128341},[128342,128343,128345,128346,128351,128352,128358,128359,128360,128368,128378],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":126580,"depth":70,"text":128344},"What endswith() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":126795,"depth":70,"text":126796,"children":128347},[128348,128349,128350],{"id":126709,"depth":93,"text":126709},{"id":36396,"depth":93,"text":36396},{"id":52716,"depth":93,"text":52716},{"id":902,"depth":70,"text":903},{"id":127208,"depth":70,"text":127209,"children":128353},[128354,128355,128356,128357],{"id":127212,"depth":93,"text":127213},{"id":127266,"depth":93,"text":127267},{"id":127323,"depth":93,"text":127324},{"id":127377,"depth":93,"text":127378},{"id":124060,"depth":70,"text":124061},{"id":127611,"depth":70,"text":127612},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160,"children":128361},[128362,128363,128364,128366],{"id":127791,"depth":93,"text":127792},{"id":127869,"depth":93,"text":127870},{"id":127966,"depth":93,"text":128365},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128054,"depth":93,"text":128367},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":128369},[128370,128372,128374,128376],{"id":128257,"depth":93,"text":128371},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128270,"depth":93,"text":128373},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128282,"depth":93,"text":128375},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128296,"depth":93,"text":128377},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126464,"description":128379},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128386,"title":128387,"body":128388,"description":130056,"extension":2312,"meta":130057,"navigation":958,"path":130058,"seo":130059,"stem":130060,"__hash__":130061},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128389,"toc":130029},[128390,128395,128400,128405,128410,128503,128513,128518,128523,128538,128540,128622,128630,128632,128634,128661,128663,128679,128686,128688,128796,128798,128803,128819,128821,128916,128924,128927,128933,128938,128943,128950,129089,129092,129105,129107,129111,129118,129188,129191,129240,129247,129254,129268,129273,129278,129324,129370,129386,129388,129393,129407,129410,129532,129537,129539,129544,129577,129580,129656,129658,129667,129681,129684,129768,129771,129882,129885,129913,129915,129922,129926,129932,129935,129941,129944,129951,129962,129968,129975,129977,130026],[10,128391,123414,128393,11638],{"id":128392},"python-string-find-method",[18,128394,124409],{},[14,128396,123419,128397,128399],{},[18,128398,124409],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[14,128401,128402,128403,315],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[18,128404,65913],{},[14,128406,133,128407,128409],{},[18,128408,124409],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[34,128411,128413],{"className":36,"code":128412,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[18,128414,128415,128427,128450,128463,128467,128490],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,128416,128417,128419,128421,128423,128425],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,128418,927],{"class":207},[43,128420,212],{"class":211},[43,128422,932],{"class":81},[43,128424,60464],{"class":85},[43,128426,938],{"class":81},[43,128428,128429,128431,128433,128435,128437,128440,128442,128444,128446,128448],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,128430,64978],{"class":207},[43,128432,212],{"class":211},[43,128434,42893],{"class":207},[43,128436,315],{"class":53},[43,128438,128439],{"class":236},"find",[43,128441,54],{"class":53},[43,128443,82],{"class":81},[43,128445,60649],{"class":85},[43,128447,82],{"class":81},[43,128449,227],{"class":53},[43,128451,128452,128454,128456,128458,128460],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,128453,50],{"class":49},[43,128455,54],{"class":53},[43,128457,65005],{"class":236},[43,128459,1221],{"class":53},[43,128461,128462],{"class":3984},"   # 6\n",[43,128464,128465],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,128466,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,128468,128469,128472,128474,128476,128478,128480,128482,128484,128486,128488],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,128470,128471],{"class":207},"missing ",[43,128473,212],{"class":211},[43,128475,42893],{"class":207},[43,128477,315],{"class":53},[43,128479,128439],{"class":236},[43,128481,54],{"class":53},[43,128483,82],{"class":81},[43,128485,38],{"class":85},[43,128487,82],{"class":81},[43,128489,227],{"class":53},[43,128491,128492,128494,128496,128498,128500],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,128493,50],{"class":49},[43,128495,54],{"class":53},[43,128497,27097],{"class":236},[43,128499,1221],{"class":53},[43,128501,128502],{"class":3984},"    # -1\n",[43632,128504,128505],{},[14,128506,133,128507,128509,128510,128512],{},[18,128508,124409],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[18,128511,65913],{}," if the substring is not found.",[29,128514,3998,128516,4001],{"id":128515},"what-find-does",[18,128517,124409],{},[14,128519,128520,128522],{},[18,128521,124409],{}," is a string method that:",[150,128524,128525,128528,128531,128536],{},[153,128526,128527],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[153,128529,128530],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[153,128532,11740,128533,128535],{},[18,128534,65913],{}," if no match is found",[153,128537,126600],{},[14,128539,197],{},[34,128541,128543],{"className":36,"code":128542,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[18,128544,128545,128557,128561,128585,128609],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,128546,128547,128549,128551,128553,128555],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,128548,927],{"class":207},[43,128550,212],{"class":211},[43,128552,932],{"class":81},[43,128554,4410],{"class":85},[43,128556,938],{"class":81},[43,128558,128559],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,128560,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,128562,128563,128565,128567,128569,128571,128573,128575,128577,128579,128581,128583],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,128564,50],{"class":49},[43,128566,54],{"class":53},[43,128568,951],{"class":236},[43,128570,315],{"class":53},[43,128572,128439],{"class":236},[43,128574,54],{"class":53},[43,128576,82],{"class":81},[43,128578,123507],{"class":85},[43,128580,82],{"class":81},[43,128582,5686],{"class":53},[43,128584,57702],{"class":3984},[43,128586,128587,128589,128591,128593,128595,128597,128599,128601,128603,128605,128607],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,128588,50],{"class":49},[43,128590,54],{"class":53},[43,128592,951],{"class":236},[43,128594,315],{"class":53},[43,128596,128439],{"class":236},[43,128598,54],{"class":53},[43,128600,82],{"class":81},[43,128602,2519],{"class":85},[43,128604,82],{"class":81},[43,128606,5686],{"class":53},[43,128608,128502],{"class":3984},[43,128610,128611,128613,128615,128617,128619],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,128612,50],{"class":49},[43,128614,54],{"class":53},[43,128616,951],{"class":236},[43,128618,1221],{"class":53},[43,128620,128621],{"class":3984},"              # banana\n",[14,128623,21094,128624,128627,128628,315],{},[18,128625,128626],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[18,128629,447],{},[29,128631,290],{"id":289},[14,128633,2505],{},[34,128635,128637],{"className":36,"code":128636,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[18,128638,128639],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,128640,128641,128643,128645,128647,128649,128651,128653,128655,128657,128659],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,128642,61232],{"class":207},[43,128644,315],{"class":53},[43,128646,128439],{"class":236},[43,128648,54],{"class":53},[43,128650,307],{"class":236},[43,128652,800],{"class":53},[43,128654,36375],{"class":236},[43,128656,800],{"class":53},[43,128658,65099],{"class":236},[43,128660,227],{"class":53},[402,128662,17718],{"id":17717},[150,128664,128665,128669,128674],{},[153,128666,128667,123606],{},[18,128668,307],{},[153,128670,128671,128673],{},[18,128672,36396],{},": optional starting position",[153,128675,128676,128678],{},[18,128677,52716],{},": optional ending position",[14,128680,128681,895,128683,128685],{},[18,128682,36396],{},[18,128684,52716],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[14,128687,126743],{},[34,128689,128691],{"className":36,"code":128690,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[18,128692,128693,128705,128709,128734,128763],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,128694,128695,128697,128699,128701,128703],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,128696,927],{"class":207},[43,128698,212],{"class":211},[43,128700,932],{"class":81},[43,128702,60464],{"class":85},[43,128704,938],{"class":81},[43,128706,128707],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,128708,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,128710,128711,128713,128715,128717,128719,128721,128723,128725,128727,128729,128731],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,128712,50],{"class":49},[43,128714,54],{"class":53},[43,128716,951],{"class":236},[43,128718,315],{"class":53},[43,128720,128439],{"class":236},[43,128722,54],{"class":53},[43,128724,82],{"class":81},[43,128726,60531],{"class":85},[43,128728,82],{"class":81},[43,128730,5686],{"class":53},[43,128732,128733],{"class":3984},"        # 4\n",[43,128735,128736,128738,128740,128742,128744,128746,128748,128750,128752,128754,128756,128758,128760],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,128737,50],{"class":49},[43,128739,54],{"class":53},[43,128741,951],{"class":236},[43,128743,315],{"class":53},[43,128745,128439],{"class":236},[43,128747,54],{"class":53},[43,128749,82],{"class":81},[43,128751,60531],{"class":85},[43,128753,82],{"class":81},[43,128755,800],{"class":53},[43,128757,4929],{"class":63},[43,128759,5686],{"class":53},[43,128761,128762],{"class":3984},"     # 7\n",[43,128764,128765,128767,128769,128771,128773,128775,128777,128779,128781,128783,128785,128787,128789,128791,128793],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,128766,50],{"class":49},[43,128768,54],{"class":53},[43,128770,951],{"class":236},[43,128772,315],{"class":53},[43,128774,128439],{"class":236},[43,128776,54],{"class":53},[43,128778,82],{"class":81},[43,128780,60531],{"class":85},[43,128782,82],{"class":81},[43,128784,800],{"class":53},[43,128786,4929],{"class":63},[43,128788,800],{"class":53},[43,128790,6320],{"class":63},[43,128792,5686],{"class":53},[43,128794,128795],{"class":3984},"  # -1\n",[29,128797,38346],{"id":38345},[14,128799,57601,128800,128802],{},[18,128801,124409],{}," is always an integer.",[150,128804,128805,128811,128814],{},[153,128806,128807,128808,128810],{},"A number ",[18,128809,2466],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[153,128812,128813],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[153,128815,128816,128818],{},[18,128817,65913],{}," means the substring was not found",[14,128820,197],{},[34,128822,128824],{"className":36,"code":128823,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[18,128825,128826,128838,128842,128867,128892],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,128827,128828,128830,128832,128834,128836],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,128829,927],{"class":207},[43,128831,212],{"class":211},[43,128833,932],{"class":81},[43,128835,38],{"class":85},[43,128837,938],{"class":81},[43,128839,128840],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,128841,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,128843,128844,128846,128848,128850,128852,128854,128856,128858,128861,128863,128865],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,128845,50],{"class":49},[43,128847,54],{"class":53},[43,128849,951],{"class":236},[43,128851,315],{"class":53},[43,128853,128439],{"class":236},[43,128855,54],{"class":53},[43,128857,82],{"class":81},[43,128859,128860],{"class":85},"py",[43,128862,82],{"class":81},[43,128864,5686],{"class":53},[43,128866,21091],{"class":3984},[43,128868,128869,128871,128873,128875,128877,128879,128881,128883,128886,128888,128890],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,128870,50],{"class":49},[43,128872,54],{"class":53},[43,128874,951],{"class":236},[43,128876,315],{"class":53},[43,128878,128439],{"class":236},[43,128880,54],{"class":53},[43,128882,82],{"class":81},[43,128884,128885],{"class":85},"th",[43,128887,82],{"class":81},[43,128889,5686],{"class":53},[43,128891,57702],{"class":3984},[43,128893,128894,128896,128898,128900,128902,128904,128906,128908,128910,128912,128914],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,128895,50],{"class":49},[43,128897,54],{"class":53},[43,128899,951],{"class":236},[43,128901,315],{"class":53},[43,128903,128439],{"class":236},[43,128905,54],{"class":53},[43,128907,82],{"class":81},[43,128909,22400],{"class":85},[43,128911,82],{"class":81},[43,128913,5686],{"class":53},[43,128915,128502],{"class":3984},[14,128917,89969,128918,8776,128920,2172,128922,315],{},[18,128919,124409],{},[18,128921,105],{},[18,128923,613],{},[14,128925,128926],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[29,128928,8738,128929,895,128931],{"id":65465},[18,128930,36396],{},[18,128932,52716],{},[14,128934,133,128935,128937],{},[18,128936,36396],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[14,128939,133,128940,128942],{},[18,128941,52716],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[14,128944,1073,128945,75521,128947,128949],{},[18,128946,52716],{},[913,128948,65128],{}," in the search.",[34,128951,128953],{"className":36,"code":128952,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[18,128954,128955,128968,128972,128996,129025,129057],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,128956,128957,128959,128961,128963,128966],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,128958,927],{"class":207},[43,128960,212],{"class":211},[43,128962,932],{"class":81},[43,128964,128965],{"class":85},"one two three two",[43,128967,938],{"class":81},[43,128969,128970],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,128971,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,128973,128974,128976,128978,128980,128982,128984,128986,128988,128990,128992,128994],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,128975,50],{"class":49},[43,128977,54],{"class":53},[43,128979,951],{"class":236},[43,128981,315],{"class":53},[43,128983,128439],{"class":236},[43,128985,54],{"class":53},[43,128987,82],{"class":81},[43,128989,79330],{"class":85},[43,128991,82],{"class":81},[43,128993,5686],{"class":53},[43,128995,128733],{"class":3984},[43,128997,128998,129000,129002,129004,129006,129008,129010,129012,129014,129016,129018,129020,129022],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,128999,50],{"class":49},[43,129001,54],{"class":53},[43,129003,951],{"class":236},[43,129005,315],{"class":53},[43,129007,128439],{"class":236},[43,129009,54],{"class":53},[43,129011,82],{"class":81},[43,129013,79330],{"class":85},[43,129015,82],{"class":81},[43,129017,800],{"class":53},[43,129019,4929],{"class":63},[43,129021,5686],{"class":53},[43,129023,129024],{"class":3984},"     # 14\n",[43,129026,129027,129029,129031,129033,129035,129037,129039,129041,129043,129045,129047,129049,129051,129053,129055],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,129028,50],{"class":49},[43,129030,54],{"class":53},[43,129032,951],{"class":236},[43,129034,315],{"class":53},[43,129036,128439],{"class":236},[43,129038,54],{"class":53},[43,129040,82],{"class":81},[43,129042,79330],{"class":85},[43,129044,82],{"class":81},[43,129046,800],{"class":53},[43,129048,4155],{"class":63},[43,129050,800],{"class":53},[43,129052,6320],{"class":63},[43,129054,5686],{"class":53},[43,129056,50990],{"class":3984},[43,129058,129059,129061,129063,129065,129067,129069,129071,129073,129075,129077,129079,129081,129083,129085,129087],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,129060,50],{"class":49},[43,129062,54],{"class":53},[43,129064,951],{"class":236},[43,129066,315],{"class":53},[43,129068,128439],{"class":236},[43,129070,54],{"class":53},[43,129072,82],{"class":81},[43,129074,79330],{"class":85},[43,129076,82],{"class":81},[43,129078,800],{"class":53},[43,129080,4155],{"class":63},[43,129082,800],{"class":53},[43,129084,2789],{"class":63},[43,129086,5686],{"class":53},[43,129088,128795],{"class":3984},[14,129090,129091],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[14,129093,129094,129095,55125,129099,315],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[189,129096,129098],{"href":129097},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[189,129100,129102,129104],{"href":129101},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[18,129103,60589],{}," string method",[29,129106,124061],{"id":124060},[14,129108,129109,123872],{},[18,129110,124409],{},[14,129112,127459,129113,895,129115,129117],{},[18,129114,90477],{},[18,129116,64593],{}," are treated as different text.",[34,129119,129121],{"className":36,"code":129120,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[18,129122,129123,129136,129140,129164],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,129124,129125,129127,129129,129131,129134],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,129126,927],{"class":207},[43,129128,212],{"class":211},[43,129130,932],{"class":81},[43,129132,129133],{"class":85},"Hello World",[43,129135,938],{"class":81},[43,129137,129138],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,129139,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,129141,129142,129144,129146,129148,129150,129152,129154,129156,129158,129160,129162],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,129143,50],{"class":49},[43,129145,54],{"class":53},[43,129147,951],{"class":236},[43,129149,315],{"class":53},[43,129151,128439],{"class":236},[43,129153,54],{"class":53},[43,129155,82],{"class":81},[43,129157,35189],{"class":85},[43,129159,82],{"class":81},[43,129161,5686],{"class":53},[43,129163,51302],{"class":3984},[43,129165,129166,129168,129170,129172,129174,129176,129178,129180,129182,129184,129186],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,129167,50],{"class":49},[43,129169,54],{"class":53},[43,129171,951],{"class":236},[43,129173,315],{"class":53},[43,129175,128439],{"class":236},[43,129177,54],{"class":53},[43,129179,82],{"class":81},[43,129181,710],{"class":85},[43,129183,82],{"class":81},[43,129185,5686],{"class":53},[43,129187,128795],{"class":3984},[14,129189,129190],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[34,129192,129194],{"className":36,"code":129193,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[18,129195,129196,129208,129212],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,129197,129198,129200,129202,129204,129206],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,129199,927],{"class":207},[43,129201,212],{"class":211},[43,129203,932],{"class":81},[43,129205,129133],{"class":85},[43,129207,938],{"class":81},[43,129209,129210],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,129211,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,129213,129214,129216,129218,129220,129222,129224,129226,129228,129230,129232,129234,129236,129238],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,129215,50],{"class":49},[43,129217,54],{"class":53},[43,129219,951],{"class":236},[43,129221,315],{"class":53},[43,129223,8959],{"class":236},[43,129225,8956],{"class":53},[43,129227,128439],{"class":236},[43,129229,54],{"class":53},[43,129231,82],{"class":81},[43,129233,710],{"class":85},[43,129235,82],{"class":81},[43,129237,5686],{"class":53},[43,129239,51302],{"class":3984},[29,129241,129243,10901,129245],{"id":129242},"find-vs-index",[18,129244,124409],{},[18,129246,59025],{},[14,129248,129249,895,129251,129253],{},[18,129250,124409],{},[18,129252,59025],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[150,129255,129256,129262],{},[153,129257,129258,2733,129260],{},[18,129259,124409],{},[18,129261,65913],{},[153,129263,129264,52550,129266],{},[18,129265,59025],{},[18,129267,690],{},[14,129269,133,129270,129272],{},[18,129271,124409],{}," when missing text is normal.",[14,129274,133,129275,129277],{},[18,129276,59025],{}," when the value must exist.",[34,129279,129281],{"className":36,"code":129280,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[18,129282,129283,129295,129299],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,129284,129285,129287,129289,129291,129293],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,129286,927],{"class":207},[43,129288,212],{"class":211},[43,129290,932],{"class":81},[43,129292,710],{"class":85},[43,129294,938],{"class":81},[43,129296,129297],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,129298,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,129300,129301,129303,129305,129307,129309,129311,129313,129315,129317,129319,129321],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,129302,50],{"class":49},[43,129304,54],{"class":53},[43,129306,951],{"class":236},[43,129308,315],{"class":53},[43,129310,128439],{"class":236},[43,129312,54],{"class":53},[43,129314,82],{"class":81},[43,129316,2519],{"class":85},[43,129318,82],{"class":81},[43,129320,5686],{"class":53},[43,129322,129323],{"class":3984},"   # -1\n",[34,129325,129327],{"className":36,"code":129326,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[18,129328,129329,129341,129345],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,129330,129331,129333,129335,129337,129339],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,129332,927],{"class":207},[43,129334,212],{"class":211},[43,129336,932],{"class":81},[43,129338,710],{"class":85},[43,129340,938],{"class":81},[43,129342,129343],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,129344,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,129346,129347,129349,129351,129353,129355,129357,129359,129361,129363,129365,129367],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,129348,50],{"class":49},[43,129350,54],{"class":53},[43,129352,951],{"class":236},[43,129354,315],{"class":53},[43,129356,36169],{"class":236},[43,129358,54],{"class":53},[43,129360,82],{"class":81},[43,129362,2519],{"class":85},[43,129364,82],{"class":81},[43,129366,5686],{"class":53},[43,129368,129369],{"class":3984},"  # ValueError\n",[14,129371,129372,129373,129377,129378,129380,129381,315],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[189,129374,129375,129104],{"href":124434},[18,129376,59025],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[18,129379,59025],{},", read ",[189,129382,26003,129383],{"href":73541},[18,129384,129385],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[29,129387,1063],{"id":1062},[14,129389,35728,129390,129392],{},[18,129391,124409],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[150,129394,129395,129398,129401,129404],{},[153,129396,129397],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[153,129399,129400],{},"Get the position of a word",[153,129402,129403],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[153,129405,129406],{},"Search before slicing a string",[14,129408,129409],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[34,129411,129413],{"className":36,"code":129412,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[18,129414,129415,129428,129451,129455,129470,129486,129505,129519],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,129416,129417,129419,129421,129423,129426],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,129418,927],{"class":207},[43,129420,212],{"class":211},[43,129422,932],{"class":81},[43,129424,129425],{"class":85},"name:Alice",[43,129427,938],{"class":81},[43,129429,129430,129433,129435,129437,129439,129441,129443,129445,129447,129449],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,129431,129432],{"class":207},"colon_pos ",[43,129434,212],{"class":211},[43,129436,42893],{"class":207},[43,129438,315],{"class":53},[43,129440,128439],{"class":236},[43,129442,54],{"class":53},[43,129444,82],{"class":81},[43,129446,325],{"class":85},[43,129448,82],{"class":81},[43,129450,227],{"class":53},[43,129452,129453],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,129454,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,129456,129457,129459,129462,129464,129466,129468],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,129458,7323],{"class":1927},[43,129460,129461],{"class":207}," colon_pos ",[43,129463,72651],{"class":211},[43,129465,2564],{"class":211},[43,129467,797],{"class":63},[43,129469,1931],{"class":53},[43,129471,129472,129475,129477,129479,129481,129484],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,129473,129474],{"class":207},"    label ",[43,129476,212],{"class":211},[43,129478,42893],{"class":207},[43,129480,75594],{"class":53},[43,129482,129483],{"class":207},"colon_pos",[43,129485,3955],{"class":53},[43,129487,129488,129490,129492,129494,129496,129498,129500,129502],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,129489,27725],{"class":207},[43,129491,212],{"class":211},[43,129493,42893],{"class":207},[43,129495,4221],{"class":53},[43,129497,129432],{"class":207},[43,129499,2406],{"class":211},[43,129501,5823],{"class":63},[43,129503,129504],{"class":53},":]\n",[43,129506,129507,129509,129511,129514,129516],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,129508,1951],{"class":49},[43,129510,54],{"class":53},[43,129512,129513],{"class":236},"label",[43,129515,1221],{"class":53},[43,129517,129518],{"class":3984},"  # name\n",[43,129520,129521,129523,129525,129527,129529],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,129522,1951],{"class":49},[43,129524,54],{"class":53},[43,129526,307],{"class":236},[43,129528,1221],{"class":53},[43,129530,129531],{"class":3984},"  # Alice\n",[14,129533,129534,129535,315],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[189,129536,127450],{"href":123669},[29,129538,3160],{"id":3159},[14,129540,129541,129542,325],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[18,129543,124409],{},[150,129545,129546,129555,129561,129566,129572],{},[153,129547,8773,129548,8776,129550,2172,129552,129554],{},[18,129549,124409],{},[18,129551,105],{},[18,129553,613],{}," instead of an index",[153,129556,129557,129558,129560],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[18,129559,65913],{}," when the substring is missing",[153,129562,8738,129563,129565],{},[18,129564,124409],{}," without handling case differences",[153,129567,37529,129568,9023,129570],{},[18,129569,124409],{},[18,129571,59025],{},[153,129573,4903,129574,129576],{},[18,129575,124409],{}," changes the string",[14,129578,129579],{},"Example of a mistake:",[34,129581,129583],{"className":36,"code":129582,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[18,129584,129585,129597,129601,129621,129636,129642],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,129586,129587,129589,129591,129593,129595],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,129588,927],{"class":207},[43,129590,212],{"class":211},[43,129592,932],{"class":81},[43,129594,710],{"class":85},[43,129596,938],{"class":81},[43,129598,129599],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,129600,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,129602,129603,129605,129607,129609,129611,129613,129615,129617,129619],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,129604,7323],{"class":1927},[43,129606,42893],{"class":207},[43,129608,315],{"class":53},[43,129610,128439],{"class":236},[43,129612,54],{"class":53},[43,129614,82],{"class":81},[43,129616,60496],{"class":85},[43,129618,82],{"class":81},[43,129620,8662],{"class":53},[43,129622,129623,129625,129627,129629,129632,129634],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,129624,1951],{"class":49},[43,129626,54],{"class":53},[43,129628,82],{"class":81},[43,129630,129631],{"class":85},"Found",[43,129633,82],{"class":81},[43,129635,227],{"class":53},[43,129637,129638,129640],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,129639,27758],{"class":1927},[43,129641,1931],{"class":53},[43,129643,129644,129646,129648,129650,129652,129654],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,129645,1951],{"class":49},[43,129647,54],{"class":53},[43,129649,82],{"class":81},[43,129651,26639],{"class":85},[43,129653,82],{"class":81},[43,129655,227],{"class":53},[14,129657,99975],{},[34,129659,129661],{"className":36,"code":129660,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Not found\n",[18,129662,129663],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,129664,129665],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,129666,129660],{"class":207},[14,129668,45756,129669,129672,129673,17395,129675,129677,129678,129680],{},[18,129670,129671],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[18,129674,2466],{},[18,129676,2466],{}," is treated as false in an ",[18,129679,7323],{}," statement.",[14,129682,129683],{},"A safer version is:",[34,129685,129687],{"className":36,"code":129686,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[18,129688,129689,129701,129705,129734,129748,129754],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,129690,129691,129693,129695,129697,129699],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,129692,927],{"class":207},[43,129694,212],{"class":211},[43,129696,932],{"class":81},[43,129698,710],{"class":85},[43,129700,938],{"class":81},[43,129702,129703],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,129704,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,129706,129707,129709,129711,129713,129715,129717,129719,129721,129723,129725,129728,129730,129732],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,129708,7323],{"class":1927},[43,129710,42893],{"class":207},[43,129712,315],{"class":53},[43,129714,128439],{"class":236},[43,129716,54],{"class":53},[43,129718,82],{"class":81},[43,129720,60496],{"class":85},[43,129722,82],{"class":81},[43,129724,1221],{"class":53},[43,129726,129727],{"class":211}," !=",[43,129729,2564],{"class":211},[43,129731,797],{"class":63},[43,129733,1931],{"class":53},[43,129735,129736,129738,129740,129742,129744,129746],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,129737,1951],{"class":49},[43,129739,54],{"class":53},[43,129741,82],{"class":81},[43,129743,129631],{"class":85},[43,129745,82],{"class":81},[43,129747,227],{"class":53},[43,129749,129750,129752],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,129751,27758],{"class":1927},[43,129753,1931],{"class":53},[43,129755,129756,129758,129760,129762,129764,129766],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,129757,1951],{"class":49},[43,129759,54],{"class":53},[43,129761,82],{"class":81},[43,129763,26639],{"class":85},[43,129765,82],{"class":81},[43,129767,227],{"class":53},[14,129769,129770],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[34,129772,129774],{"className":36,"code":129773,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[18,129775,129776,129798,129812,129838,129852],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,129777,129778,129780,129782,129784,129786,129788,129790,129792,129794,129796],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,129779,50],{"class":49},[43,129781,54],{"class":53},[43,129783,951],{"class":236},[43,129785,315],{"class":53},[43,129787,128439],{"class":236},[43,129789,54],{"class":53},[43,129791,283],{"class":81},[43,129793,38717],{"class":85},[43,129795,283],{"class":81},[43,129797,67],{"class":53},[43,129799,129800,129802,129804,129806,129808,129810],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,129801,50],{"class":49},[43,129803,54],{"class":53},[43,129805,1820],{"class":49},[43,129807,54],{"class":53},[43,129809,951],{"class":236},[43,129811,67],{"class":53},[43,129813,129814,129816,129818,129820,129822,129824,129826,129828,129830,129832,129834,129836],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,129815,50],{"class":49},[43,129817,54],{"class":53},[43,129819,951],{"class":236},[43,129821,315],{"class":53},[43,129823,8959],{"class":236},[43,129825,8956],{"class":53},[43,129827,128439],{"class":236},[43,129829,54],{"class":53},[43,129831,283],{"class":81},[43,129833,38717],{"class":85},[43,129835,283],{"class":81},[43,129837,67],{"class":53},[43,129839,129840,129842,129844,129846,129848,129850],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,129841,50],{"class":49},[43,129843,54],{"class":53},[43,129845,11477],{"class":49},[43,129847,54],{"class":53},[43,129849,951],{"class":236},[43,129851,67],{"class":53},[43,129853,129854,129856,129858,129860,129862,129864,129866,129868,129870,129872,129874,129876,129878,129880],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,129855,50],{"class":49},[43,129857,54],{"class":53},[43,129859,951],{"class":236},[43,129861,315],{"class":53},[43,129863,128439],{"class":236},[43,129865,54],{"class":53},[43,129867,283],{"class":81},[43,129869,38717],{"class":85},[43,129871,283],{"class":81},[43,129873,800],{"class":53},[43,129875,36375],{"class":236},[43,129877,800],{"class":53},[43,129879,65099],{"class":236},[43,129881,67],{"class":53},[14,129883,129884],{},"These help you check:",[150,129886,129887,129892,129897,129902,129905],{},[153,129888,129889,129890],{},"The actual result from ",[18,129891,124409],{},[153,129893,129894,129895],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[18,129896,122628],{},[153,129898,129899,129900],{},"Case differences with ",[18,129901,124144],{},[153,129903,129904],{},"The string length",[153,129906,129907,129908,895,129910,129912],{},"Whether your ",[18,129909,36396],{},[18,129911,52716],{}," values are correct",[29,129914,2162],{"id":2161},[402,129916,129918,129919,129921],{"id":129917},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[18,129920,124409],{}," return if the text is not found?",[14,129923,2206,129924,315],{},[18,129925,65913],{},[402,129927,13023,129929,129931],{"id":129928},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[18,129930,124409],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[14,129933,129934],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[402,129936,129938,129939,124750],{"id":129937},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[18,129940,124409],{},[14,129942,129943],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[402,129945,5503,129947,895,129949,69714],{"id":129946},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[18,129948,124409],{},[18,129950,59025],{},[14,129952,129953,2733,129955,129957,129958,52550,129960,315],{},[18,129954,124409],{},[18,129956,65913],{}," if not found, while ",[18,129959,59025],{},[18,129961,690],{},[402,129963,28653,129965,129967],{"id":129964},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[18,129966,124409],{}," to search only part of a string?",[14,129969,129970,129971,895,129973,66212],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[18,129972,36396],{},[18,129974,52716],{},[29,129976,2229],{"id":2228},[150,129978,129979,129985,129991,129998,130004,130011,130015,130020],{},[153,129980,129981],{},[189,129982,126414,129983,11055],{"href":124434},[18,129984,59025],{},[153,129986,129987],{},[189,129988,126414,129989,11055],{"href":129101},[18,129990,60589],{},[153,129992,129993],{},[189,129994,126414,129996,11055],{"href":129995},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[18,129997,124585],{},[153,129999,130000],{},[189,130001,126414,130002,11055],{"href":127779},[18,130003,127782],{},[153,130005,130006],{},[189,130007,126414,130009,11055],{"href":130008},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[18,130010,126472],{},[153,130012,130013],{},[189,130014,124813],{"href":123669},[153,130016,130017],{},[189,130018,130019],{"href":129097},"How to split a string in Python",[153,130021,130022],{},[189,130023,26446,130024],{"href":73541},[18,130025,129385],{},[2262,130027,130028],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":130030},[130031,130033,130036,130037,130038,130039,130041,130042,130043,130055],{"id":128515,"depth":70,"text":130032},"What find() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290,"children":130034},[130035],{"id":17717,"depth":93,"text":17718},{"id":38345,"depth":70,"text":38346},{"id":65465,"depth":70,"text":66248},{"id":124060,"depth":70,"text":124061},{"id":129242,"depth":70,"text":130040},"find() vs index()",{"id":1062,"depth":70,"text":1063},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":130044},[130045,130047,130049,130051,130053],{"id":129917,"depth":93,"text":130046},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129928,"depth":93,"text":130048},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129937,"depth":93,"text":130050},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129946,"depth":93,"text":130052},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129964,"depth":93,"text":130054},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128387,"description":130056},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130063,"title":130064,"body":130065,"description":131991,"extension":2312,"meta":131992,"navigation":958,"path":131993,"seo":131994,"stem":131995,"__hash__":131996},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130066,"toc":131959},[130067,130072,130077,130080,130082,130158,130162,130190,130198,130202,130207,130211,130228,130230,130297,130301,130323,130331,130333,130336,130360,130363,130377,130379,130464,130468,130480,130483,130487,130493,130543,130547,130564,130573,130576,130584,130587,130636,130640,130665,130668,130723,130727,130739,130745,130749,130755,130760,130827,130831,130857,130860,130871,130873,130940,130944,130969,130976,130980,130985,130992,131000,131002,131054,131058,131076,131078,131123,131127,131142,131145,131155,131162,131164,131168,131171,131182,131184,131244,131248,131276,131279,131285,131290,131293,131297,131341,131344,131382,131385,131393,131395,131400,131404,131407,131455,131458,131461,131517,131521,131526,131529,131578,131580,131629,131635,131640,131642,131689,131693,131706,131708,131759,131765,131768,131772,131775,131781,131786,131788,131791,131863,131866,131883,131885,131890,131893,131897,131903,131909,131916,131922,131928,131930,131956],[10,130068,123414,130070,11638],{"id":130069},"python-string-format-method",[18,130071,126417],{},[14,130073,123419,130074,130076],{},[18,130075,126417],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[14,130078,130079],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[29,130081,32],{"id":31},[34,130083,130085],{"className":36,"code":130084,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[18,130086,130087,130099,130107,130111,130148],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130088,130089,130091,130093,130095,130097],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130090,8202],{"class":207},[43,130092,212],{"class":211},[43,130094,932],{"class":81},[43,130096,11826],{"class":85},[43,130098,938],{"class":81},[43,130100,130101,130103,130105],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,130102,21951],{"class":207},[43,130104,212],{"class":211},[43,130106,88858],{"class":63},[43,130108,130109],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,130110,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,130112,130113,130115,130117,130119,130122,130124,130127,130129,130131,130133,130135,130138,130140,130142,130144,130146],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,130114,90066],{"class":207},[43,130116,212],{"class":211},[43,130118,932],{"class":81},[43,130120,130121],{"class":85},"My name is ",[43,130123,4113],{"class":63},[43,130125,130126],{"class":85}," and I am ",[43,130128,4113],{"class":63},[43,130130,122410],{"class":85},[43,130132,82],{"class":81},[43,130134,315],{"class":53},[43,130136,130137],{"class":236},"format",[43,130139,54],{"class":53},[43,130141,7992],{"class":236},[43,130143,800],{"class":53},[43,130145,9504],{"class":236},[43,130147,227],{"class":53},[43,130149,130150,130152,130154,130156],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,130151,50],{"class":49},[43,130153,54],{"class":53},[43,130155,90083],{"class":236},[43,130157,227],{"class":53},[14,130159,130160],{},[913,130161,110],{},[34,130163,130165],{"className":36,"code":130164,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[18,130166,130167],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130168,130169,130172,130174,130177,130180,130183,130186,130188],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130170,130171],{"class":207},"My name ",[43,130173,12512],{"class":211},[43,130175,130176],{"class":207}," Maya ",[43,130178,130179],{"class":211},"and",[43,130181,130182],{"class":207}," I am ",[43,130184,130185],{"class":63},"12",[43,130187,122443],{"class":207},[43,130189,122446],{"class":53},[14,130191,133,130192,130194,130195,130197],{},[18,130193,4113],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[18,130196,126417],{}," in the same order.",[14,130199,125166,130200,315],{},[189,130201,125169],{"href":51030},[29,130203,13316,130205,13319],{"id":130204},"what-the-format-method-does",[18,130206,126417],{},[14,130208,1073,130209,11729],{},[18,130210,126417],{},[150,130212,130213,130216,130222,130225],{},[153,130214,130215],{},"inserts values into a string",[153,130217,130218,130219,130221],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[18,130220,4113],{}," with given values",[153,130223,130224],{},"returns a new string",[153,130226,130227],{},"does not change the original string",[14,130229,197],{},[34,130231,130233],{"className":36,"code":130232,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[18,130234,130235,130249,130272,130276,130287],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130236,130237,130239,130241,130243,130245,130247],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130238,927],{"class":207},[43,130240,212],{"class":211},[43,130242,932],{"class":81},[43,130244,44954],{"class":85},[43,130246,4113],{"class":63},[43,130248,938],{"class":81},[43,130250,130251,130254,130256,130258,130260,130262,130264,130266,130268,130270],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,130252,130253],{"class":207},"new_text ",[43,130255,212],{"class":211},[43,130257,42893],{"class":207},[43,130259,315],{"class":53},[43,130261,130137],{"class":236},[43,130263,54],{"class":53},[43,130265,82],{"class":81},[43,130267,8001],{"class":85},[43,130269,82],{"class":81},[43,130271,227],{"class":53},[43,130273,130274],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,130275,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,130277,130278,130280,130282,130285],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,130279,50],{"class":49},[43,130281,54],{"class":53},[43,130283,130284],{"class":236},"new_text",[43,130286,227],{"class":53},[43,130288,130289,130291,130293,130295],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,130290,50],{"class":49},[43,130292,54],{"class":53},[43,130294,951],{"class":236},[43,130296,227],{"class":53},[14,130298,130299],{},[913,130300,110],{},[34,130302,130304],{"className":36,"code":130303,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[18,130305,130306,130315],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130307,130308,130310,130312],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130309,35189],{"class":207},[43,130311,800],{"class":53},[43,130313,130314],{"class":207}," Sam\n",[43,130316,130317,130319,130321],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,130318,35189],{"class":207},[43,130320,800],{"class":53},[43,130322,10154],{"class":53},[14,130324,2626,130325,130327,130328,130330],{},[18,130326,951],{}," stays the same. ",[18,130329,126417],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[29,130332,290],{"id":289},[14,130334,130335],{},"The general form is:",[34,130337,130339],{"className":36,"code":130338,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[18,130340,130341],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130342,130343,130345,130348,130350,130352,130354,130356,130358],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130344,82],{"class":43380},[43,130346,130347],{"class":43384},"text {}",[43,130349,82],{"class":43380},[43,130351,315],{"class":53},[43,130353,130137],{"class":236},[43,130355,54],{"class":53},[43,130357,307],{"class":236},[43,130359,227],{"class":53},[14,130361,130362],{},"Key idea:",[150,130364,130365,130371,130374],{},[153,130366,130367,130368,130370],{},"each ",[18,130369,4113],{}," is a placeholder",[153,130372,130373],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[153,130375,130376],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[14,130378,197],{},[34,130380,130382],{"className":36,"code":130381,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[18,130383,130384,130397,130411,130415,130453],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130385,130386,130389,130391,130393,130395],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130387,130388],{"class":207},"animal ",[43,130390,212],{"class":211},[43,130392,932],{"class":81},[43,130394,37372],{"class":85},[43,130396,938],{"class":81},[43,130398,130399,130402,130404,130406,130409],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,130400,130401],{"class":207},"sound ",[43,130403,212],{"class":211},[43,130405,932],{"class":81},[43,130407,130408],{"class":85},"meow",[43,130410,938],{"class":81},[43,130412,130413],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,130414,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,130416,130417,130420,130422,130424,130426,130428,130431,130433,130435,130437,130439,130441,130443,130446,130448,130451],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,130418,130419],{"class":207},"sentence ",[43,130421,212],{"class":211},[43,130423,932],{"class":81},[43,130425,1073],{"class":85},[43,130427,4113],{"class":63},[43,130429,130430],{"class":85}," says ",[43,130432,4113],{"class":63},[43,130434,315],{"class":85},[43,130436,82],{"class":81},[43,130438,315],{"class":53},[43,130440,130137],{"class":236},[43,130442,54],{"class":53},[43,130444,130445],{"class":236},"animal",[43,130447,800],{"class":53},[43,130449,130450],{"class":236}," sound",[43,130452,227],{"class":53},[43,130454,130455,130457,130459,130462],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,130456,50],{"class":49},[43,130458,54],{"class":53},[43,130460,130461],{"class":236},"sentence",[43,130463,227],{"class":53},[14,130465,130466],{},[913,130467,110],{},[34,130469,130471],{"className":36,"code":130470,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"The cat says meow.\n",[18,130472,130473],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130474,130475,130478],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130476,130477],{"class":207},"The cat says meow",[43,130479,122446],{"class":53},[14,130481,130482],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[29,130484,130486],{"id":130485},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[14,130488,130489,130490,130492],{},"You can use empty braces ",[18,130491,4113],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[34,130494,130496],{"className":36,"code":130495,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[18,130497,130498],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130499,130500,130502,130504,130506,130509,130511,130513,130515,130517,130519,130521,130523,130525,130527,130530,130532,130534,130536,130539,130541],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130501,50],{"class":49},[43,130503,54],{"class":53},[43,130505,82],{"class":81},[43,130507,130508],{"class":85},"I like ",[43,130510,4113],{"class":63},[43,130512,895],{"class":85},[43,130514,4113],{"class":63},[43,130516,315],{"class":85},[43,130518,82],{"class":81},[43,130520,315],{"class":53},[43,130522,130137],{"class":236},[43,130524,54],{"class":53},[43,130526,82],{"class":81},[43,130528,130529],{"class":85},"pizza",[43,130531,82],{"class":81},[43,130533,800],{"class":53},[43,130535,932],{"class":81},[43,130537,130538],{"class":85},"pasta",[43,130540,82],{"class":81},[43,130542,67],{"class":53},[14,130544,130545],{},[913,130546,110],{},[34,130548,130550],{"className":36,"code":130549,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[18,130551,130552],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130553,130554,130557,130559,130562],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130555,130556],{"class":207},"I like pizza ",[43,130558,130179],{"class":211},[43,130560,130561],{"class":207}," pasta",[43,130563,122446],{"class":53},[14,130565,130566,130567,895,130570,315],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[18,130568,130569],{},"{0}",[18,130571,130572],{},"{1}",[14,130574,130575],{},"This is helpful when:",[150,130577,130578,130581],{},[153,130579,130580],{},"you want to reuse a value",[153,130582,130583],{},"you want to change the order",[14,130585,130586],{},"Example with reused values:",[34,130588,130590],{"className":36,"code":130589,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130591,130592,130626],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130593,130594,130596,130598,130600,130602,130605,130607,130610,130612,130614,130616,130618,130620,130622,130624],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130595,927],{"class":207},[43,130597,212],{"class":211},[43,130599,932],{"class":81},[43,130601,130569],{"class":63},[43,130603,130604],{"class":85}," is learning Python. ",[43,130606,130569],{"class":63},[43,130608,130609],{"class":85}," likes coding.",[43,130611,82],{"class":81},[43,130613,315],{"class":53},[43,130615,130137],{"class":236},[43,130617,54],{"class":53},[43,130619,82],{"class":81},[43,130621,20205],{"class":85},[43,130623,82],{"class":81},[43,130625,227],{"class":53},[43,130627,130628,130630,130632,130634],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,130629,50],{"class":49},[43,130631,54],{"class":53},[43,130633,951],{"class":236},[43,130635,227],{"class":53},[14,130637,130638],{},[913,130639,110],{},[34,130641,130643],{"className":36,"code":130642,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[18,130644,130645],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130646,130647,130650,130652,130655,130657,130660,130663],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130648,130649],{"class":207},"Lina ",[43,130651,12512],{"class":211},[43,130653,130654],{"class":207}," learning Python",[43,130656,315],{"class":53},[43,130658,130659],{"class":25074}," Lina",[43,130661,130662],{"class":207}," likes coding",[43,130664,122446],{"class":53},[14,130666,130667],{},"Example with changed order:",[34,130669,130671],{"className":36,"code":130670,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130672,130673,130713],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130674,130675,130677,130679,130681,130683,130685,130687,130689,130691,130693,130695,130697,130699,130701,130703,130705,130707,130709,130711],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130676,927],{"class":207},[43,130678,212],{"class":211},[43,130680,932],{"class":81},[43,130682,130572],{"class":63},[43,130684,83385],{"class":85},[43,130686,130569],{"class":63},[43,130688,315],{"class":85},[43,130690,82],{"class":81},[43,130692,315],{"class":53},[43,130694,130137],{"class":236},[43,130696,54],{"class":53},[43,130698,82],{"class":81},[43,130700,6910],{"class":85},[43,130702,82],{"class":81},[43,130704,800],{"class":53},[43,130706,932],{"class":81},[43,130708,79330],{"class":85},[43,130710,82],{"class":81},[43,130712,227],{"class":53},[43,130714,130715,130717,130719,130721],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,130716,50],{"class":49},[43,130718,54],{"class":53},[43,130720,951],{"class":236},[43,130722,227],{"class":53},[14,130724,130725],{},[913,130726,110],{},[34,130728,130730],{"className":36,"code":130729,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"two comes after one.\n",[18,130731,130732],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130733,130734,130737],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130735,130736],{"class":207},"two comes after one",[43,130738,122446],{"class":53},[14,130740,130741,130742,130744],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[18,130743,4113],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[29,130746,130748],{"id":130747},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[14,130750,130751,130752,315],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[18,130753,130754],{},"{name}",[14,130756,130757,130758,325],{},"You pass matching names into ",[18,130759,126417],{},[34,130761,130763],{"className":36,"code":130762,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130764,130765,130817],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130766,130767,130769,130771,130773,130775,130777,130780,130783,130785,130787,130789,130791,130793,130795,130797,130799,130801,130803,130805,130807,130809,130811,130813,130815],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130768,927],{"class":207},[43,130770,212],{"class":211},[43,130772,932],{"class":81},[43,130774,130121],{"class":85},[43,130776,130754],{"class":63},[43,130778,130779],{"class":85}," and I live in ",[43,130781,130782],{"class":63},"{city}",[43,130784,315],{"class":85},[43,130786,82],{"class":81},[43,130788,315],{"class":53},[43,130790,130137],{"class":236},[43,130792,54],{"class":53},[43,130794,7992],{"class":9491},[43,130796,212],{"class":211},[43,130798,82],{"class":81},[43,130800,13200],{"class":85},[43,130802,82],{"class":81},[43,130804,800],{"class":53},[43,130806,31706],{"class":9491},[43,130808,212],{"class":211},[43,130810,82],{"class":81},[43,130812,16353],{"class":85},[43,130814,82],{"class":81},[43,130816,227],{"class":53},[43,130818,130819,130821,130823,130825],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,130820,50],{"class":49},[43,130822,54],{"class":53},[43,130824,951],{"class":236},[43,130826,227],{"class":53},[14,130828,130829],{},[913,130830,110],{},[34,130832,130834],{"className":36,"code":130833,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[18,130835,130836],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130837,130838,130840,130842,130845,130847,130850,130852,130855],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130839,130171],{"class":207},[43,130841,12512],{"class":211},[43,130843,130844],{"class":207}," Ana ",[43,130846,130179],{"class":211},[43,130848,130849],{"class":207}," I live ",[43,130851,4203],{"class":211},[43,130853,130854],{"class":207}," Lima",[43,130856,122446],{"class":53},[14,130858,130859],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[150,130861,130862,130865,130868],{},[153,130863,130864],{},"they make code easier to read",[153,130866,130867],{},"they help when a string has many values",[153,130869,130870],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[14,130872,197],{},[34,130874,130876],{"className":36,"code":130875,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[18,130877,130878,130930],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130879,130880,130883,130885,130887,130890,130893,130896,130899,130901,130903,130905,130907,130909,130911,130913,130916,130918,130920,130923,130925,130928],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130881,130882],{"class":207},"report ",[43,130884,212],{"class":211},[43,130886,932],{"class":81},[43,130888,130889],{"class":85},"Student: ",[43,130891,130892],{"class":63},"{student}",[43,130894,130895],{"class":85},", Score: ",[43,130897,130898],{"class":63},"{score}",[43,130900,82],{"class":81},[43,130902,315],{"class":53},[43,130904,130137],{"class":236},[43,130906,54],{"class":53},[43,130908,13947],{"class":9491},[43,130910,212],{"class":211},[43,130912,82],{"class":81},[43,130914,130915],{"class":85},"Noah",[43,130917,82],{"class":81},[43,130919,800],{"class":53},[43,130921,130922],{"class":9491}," score",[43,130924,212],{"class":211},[43,130926,130927],{"class":63},"95",[43,130929,227],{"class":53},[43,130931,130932,130934,130936,130938],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,130933,50],{"class":49},[43,130935,54],{"class":53},[43,130937,128127],{"class":236},[43,130939,227],{"class":53},[14,130941,130942],{},[913,130943,110],{},[34,130945,130947],{"className":36,"code":130946,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[18,130948,130949],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,130950,130951,130954,130956,130959,130961,130964,130966],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,130952,130953],{"class":207},"Student",[43,130955,325],{"class":53},[43,130957,130958],{"class":207}," Noah",[43,130960,800],{"class":53},[43,130962,130963],{"class":207}," Score",[43,130965,325],{"class":53},[43,130967,130968],{"class":63}," 95\n",[14,130970,130971,130972,315],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[189,130973,3894,130974,3827],{"href":2240},[18,130975,47737],{},[29,130977,130979],{"id":130978},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[14,130981,130982,130984],{},[18,130983,126417],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[14,130986,130987,130988,130991],{},"A common example is ",[18,130989,130990],{},":.2f",", which means:",[150,130993,130994,130997],{},[153,130995,130996],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[153,130998,130999],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[14,131001,197],{},[34,131003,131005],{"className":36,"code":131004,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[18,131006,131007,131015,131044],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131008,131009,131011,131013],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131010,365],{"class":207},[43,131012,212],{"class":211},[43,131014,49330],{"class":63},[43,131016,131017,131019,131021,131023,131026,131028,131030,131032,131034,131036,131038,131040,131042],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,131018,927],{"class":207},[43,131020,212],{"class":211},[43,131022,932],{"class":81},[43,131024,131025],{"class":85},"Price: $",[43,131027,9594],{"class":63},[43,131029,130990],{"class":274},[43,131031,22626],{"class":63},[43,131033,82],{"class":81},[43,131035,315],{"class":53},[43,131037,130137],{"class":236},[43,131039,54],{"class":53},[43,131041,389],{"class":236},[43,131043,227],{"class":53},[43,131045,131046,131048,131050,131052],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,131047,50],{"class":49},[43,131049,54],{"class":53},[43,131051,951],{"class":236},[43,131053,227],{"class":53},[14,131055,131056],{},[913,131057,110],{},[34,131059,131061],{"className":36,"code":131060,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Price: $3.50\n",[18,131062,131063],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131064,131065,131068,131070,131073],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131066,131067],{"class":207},"Price",[43,131069,325],{"class":53},[43,131071,131072],{"class":37692}," $",[43,131074,131075],{"class":63},"3.50\n",[14,131077,52135],{},[34,131079,131081],{"className":36,"code":131080,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[18,131082,131083,131093],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131084,131085,131088,131090],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131086,131087],{"class":207},"average ",[43,131089,212],{"class":211},[43,131091,131092],{"class":63}," 91.236\n",[43,131094,131095,131097,131099,131101,131104,131106,131108,131110,131112,131114,131116,131118,131121],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,131096,50],{"class":49},[43,131098,54],{"class":53},[43,131100,82],{"class":81},[43,131102,131103],{"class":85},"Average: ",[43,131105,9594],{"class":63},[43,131107,130990],{"class":274},[43,131109,22626],{"class":63},[43,131111,82],{"class":81},[43,131113,315],{"class":53},[43,131115,130137],{"class":236},[43,131117,54],{"class":53},[43,131119,131120],{"class":236},"average",[43,131122,67],{"class":53},[14,131124,131125],{},[913,131126,110],{},[34,131128,131130],{"className":36,"code":131129,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Average: 91.24\n",[18,131131,131132],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131133,131134,131137,131139],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131135,131136],{"class":207},"Average",[43,131138,325],{"class":53},[43,131140,131141],{"class":63}," 91.24\n",[14,131143,131144],{},"This is useful for:",[150,131146,131147,131149,131152],{},[153,131148,83143],{},[153,131150,131151],{},"averages",[153,131153,131154],{},"percentages",[14,131156,131157,131158,315],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[189,131159,3894,131160,1078],{"href":46502},[18,131161,46505],{},[29,131163,903],{"id":902},[14,131165,131166,92580],{},[18,131167,126417],{},[14,131169,131170],{},"That means you can:",[150,131172,131173,131176,131179],{},[153,131174,131175],{},"save it in a variable",[153,131177,131178],{},"print it directly",[153,131180,131181],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[14,131183,197],{},[34,131185,131187],{"className":36,"code":131186,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[18,131188,131189,131220,131230],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131190,131191,131193,131195,131197,131199,131201,131203,131205,131207,131209,131211,131213,131216,131218],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131192,90066],{"class":207},[43,131194,212],{"class":211},[43,131196,932],{"class":81},[43,131198,44954],{"class":85},[43,131200,4113],{"class":63},[43,131202,89907],{"class":85},[43,131204,82],{"class":81},[43,131206,315],{"class":53},[43,131208,130137],{"class":236},[43,131210,54],{"class":53},[43,131212,82],{"class":81},[43,131214,131215],{"class":85},"Chris",[43,131217,82],{"class":81},[43,131219,227],{"class":53},[43,131221,131222,131224,131226,131228],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,131223,50],{"class":49},[43,131225,54],{"class":53},[43,131227,90083],{"class":236},[43,131229,227],{"class":53},[43,131231,131232,131234,131236,131238,131240,131242],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,131233,50],{"class":49},[43,131235,54],{"class":53},[43,131237,248],{"class":57},[43,131239,54],{"class":53},[43,131241,90083],{"class":236},[43,131243,67],{"class":53},[14,131245,131246],{},[913,131247,110],{},[34,131249,131251],{"className":36,"code":131250,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,131252,131253,131262],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131254,131255,131257,131259],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131256,35189],{"class":207},[43,131258,800],{"class":53},[43,131260,131261],{"class":207}," Chris!\n",[43,131263,131264,131266,131268,131270,131272,131274],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,131265,271],{"class":211},[43,131267,275],{"class":274},[43,131269,278],{"class":81},[43,131271,1038],{"class":85},[43,131273,283],{"class":81},[43,131275,286],{"class":211},[14,131277,131278],{},"The original string is not changed.",[29,131280,131282,131284],{"id":131281},"format-vs-f-strings",[18,131283,126417],{}," vs f-strings",[14,131286,131287,131289],{},[18,131288,126417],{}," is a string method.",[14,131291,131292],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[14,131294,46093,131295,325],{},[18,131296,126417],{},[34,131298,131300],{"className":36,"code":131299,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[18,131301,131302,131315],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131303,131304,131306,131308,131310,131313],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131305,8202],{"class":207},[43,131307,212],{"class":211},[43,131309,932],{"class":81},[43,131311,131312],{"class":85},"Rita",[43,131314,938],{"class":81},[43,131316,131317,131319,131321,131323,131325,131327,131329,131331,131333,131335,131337,131339],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,131318,50],{"class":49},[43,131320,54],{"class":53},[43,131322,82],{"class":81},[43,131324,44954],{"class":85},[43,131326,4113],{"class":63},[43,131328,89907],{"class":85},[43,131330,82],{"class":81},[43,131332,315],{"class":53},[43,131334,130137],{"class":236},[43,131336,54],{"class":53},[43,131338,7992],{"class":236},[43,131340,67],{"class":53},[14,131342,131343],{},"Example with an f-string:",[34,131345,131347],{"className":36,"code":131346,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[18,131348,131349,131361],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131350,131351,131353,131355,131357,131359],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131352,8202],{"class":207},[43,131354,212],{"class":211},[43,131356,932],{"class":81},[43,131358,131312],{"class":85},[43,131360,938],{"class":81},[43,131362,131363,131365,131367,131369,131371,131373,131375,131377,131380],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,131364,50],{"class":49},[43,131366,54],{"class":53},[43,131368,22617],{"class":274},[43,131370,43398],{"class":85},[43,131372,9594],{"class":63},[43,131374,7992],{"class":236},[43,131376,22626],{"class":63},[43,131378,131379],{"class":85},"!\"",[43,131381,227],{"class":53},[14,131383,131384],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[14,131386,131387,131388,131390,131391,315],{},"This page focuses on how ",[18,131389,126417],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[189,131392,89752],{"href":89751},[29,131394,3160],{"id":3159},[14,131396,131397,131398,315],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[18,131399,126417],{},[402,131401,131403],{"id":131402},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[14,131405,131406],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[34,131408,131410],{"className":36,"code":131409,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131411,131412,131445],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131413,131414,131416,131418,131420,131422,131424,131427,131429,131431,131433,131435,131437,131439,131441,131443],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131415,927],{"class":207},[43,131417,212],{"class":211},[43,131419,932],{"class":81},[43,131421,44954],{"class":85},[43,131423,4113],{"class":63},[43,131425,131426],{"class":63}," {}",[43,131428,89907],{"class":85},[43,131430,82],{"class":81},[43,131432,315],{"class":53},[43,131434,130137],{"class":236},[43,131436,54],{"class":53},[43,131438,82],{"class":81},[43,131440,8001],{"class":85},[43,131442,82],{"class":81},[43,131444,227],{"class":53},[43,131446,131447,131449,131451,131453],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,131448,50],{"class":49},[43,131450,54],{"class":53},[43,131452,951],{"class":236},[43,131454,227],{"class":53},[14,131456,131457],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[14,131459,131460],{},"Fixed version:",[34,131462,131464],{"className":36,"code":131463,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131465,131466,131507],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131467,131468,131470,131472,131474,131476,131478,131480,131482,131484,131486,131488,131490,131492,131494,131496,131498,131500,131503,131505],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131469,927],{"class":207},[43,131471,212],{"class":211},[43,131473,932],{"class":81},[43,131475,44954],{"class":85},[43,131477,4113],{"class":63},[43,131479,131426],{"class":63},[43,131481,89907],{"class":85},[43,131483,82],{"class":81},[43,131485,315],{"class":53},[43,131487,130137],{"class":236},[43,131489,54],{"class":53},[43,131491,82],{"class":81},[43,131493,8001],{"class":85},[43,131495,82],{"class":81},[43,131497,800],{"class":53},[43,131499,932],{"class":81},[43,131501,131502],{"class":85},"Lee",[43,131504,82],{"class":81},[43,131506,227],{"class":53},[43,131508,131509,131511,131513,131515],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,131510,50],{"class":49},[43,131512,54],{"class":53},[43,131514,951],{"class":236},[43,131516,227],{"class":53},[402,131518,131520],{"id":131519},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[14,131522,131523,131524,315],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[18,131525,126417],{},[14,131527,131528],{},"Problem:",[34,131530,131532],{"className":36,"code":131531,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131533,131534,131568],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131535,131536,131538,131540,131542,131544,131546,131548,131550,131552,131554,131556,131558,131560,131562,131564,131566],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131537,927],{"class":207},[43,131539,212],{"class":211},[43,131541,932],{"class":81},[43,131543,44954],{"class":85},[43,131545,130754],{"class":63},[43,131547,89907],{"class":85},[43,131549,82],{"class":81},[43,131551,315],{"class":53},[43,131553,130137],{"class":236},[43,131555,54],{"class":53},[43,131557,8311],{"class":9491},[43,131559,212],{"class":211},[43,131561,82],{"class":81},[43,131563,8001],{"class":85},[43,131565,82],{"class":81},[43,131567,227],{"class":53},[43,131569,131570,131572,131574,131576],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,131571,50],{"class":49},[43,131573,54],{"class":53},[43,131575,951],{"class":236},[43,131577,227],{"class":53},[14,131579,131460],{},[34,131581,131583],{"className":36,"code":131582,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131584,131585,131619],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131586,131587,131589,131591,131593,131595,131597,131599,131601,131603,131605,131607,131609,131611,131613,131615,131617],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131588,927],{"class":207},[43,131590,212],{"class":211},[43,131592,932],{"class":81},[43,131594,44954],{"class":85},[43,131596,130754],{"class":63},[43,131598,89907],{"class":85},[43,131600,82],{"class":81},[43,131602,315],{"class":53},[43,131604,130137],{"class":236},[43,131606,54],{"class":53},[43,131608,7992],{"class":9491},[43,131610,212],{"class":211},[43,131612,82],{"class":81},[43,131614,8001],{"class":85},[43,131616,82],{"class":81},[43,131618,227],{"class":53},[43,131620,131621,131623,131625,131627],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,131622,50],{"class":49},[43,131624,54],{"class":53},[43,131626,951],{"class":236},[43,131628,227],{"class":53},[402,131630,8773,131632,131634],{"id":131631},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[18,131633,126417],{}," to change the original string",[14,131636,131637,131639],{},[18,131638,126417],{}," does not modify the original string.",[14,131641,131528],{},[34,131643,131645],{"className":36,"code":131644,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131646,131647,131661,131679],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131648,131649,131651,131653,131655,131657,131659],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131650,927],{"class":207},[43,131652,212],{"class":211},[43,131654,932],{"class":81},[43,131656,44954],{"class":85},[43,131658,4113],{"class":63},[43,131660,938],{"class":81},[43,131662,131663,131665,131667,131669,131671,131673,131675,131677],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,131664,951],{"class":207},[43,131666,315],{"class":53},[43,131668,130137],{"class":236},[43,131670,54],{"class":53},[43,131672,82],{"class":81},[43,131674,8001],{"class":85},[43,131676,82],{"class":81},[43,131678,227],{"class":53},[43,131680,131681,131683,131685,131687],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,131682,50],{"class":49},[43,131684,54],{"class":53},[43,131686,951],{"class":236},[43,131688,227],{"class":53},[14,131690,131691],{},[913,131692,110],{},[34,131694,131696],{"className":36,"code":131695,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Hello, {}\n",[18,131697,131698],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131699,131700,131702,131704],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131701,35189],{"class":207},[43,131703,800],{"class":53},[43,131705,10154],{"class":53},[14,131707,131460],{},[34,131709,131711],{"className":36,"code":131710,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131712,131713,131727,131749],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131714,131715,131717,131719,131721,131723,131725],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131716,927],{"class":207},[43,131718,212],{"class":211},[43,131720,932],{"class":81},[43,131722,44954],{"class":85},[43,131724,4113],{"class":63},[43,131726,938],{"class":81},[43,131728,131729,131731,131733,131735,131737,131739,131741,131743,131745,131747],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,131730,927],{"class":207},[43,131732,212],{"class":211},[43,131734,42893],{"class":207},[43,131736,315],{"class":53},[43,131738,130137],{"class":236},[43,131740,54],{"class":53},[43,131742,82],{"class":81},[43,131744,8001],{"class":85},[43,131746,82],{"class":81},[43,131748,227],{"class":53},[43,131750,131751,131753,131755,131757],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,131752,50],{"class":49},[43,131754,54],{"class":53},[43,131756,951],{"class":236},[43,131758,227],{"class":53},[402,131760,1572,131762,131764],{"id":131761},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[18,131763,126417],{}," returns a new string",[14,131766,131767],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[402,131769,131771],{"id":131770},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[14,131773,131774],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[14,131776,131777,131778,131780],{},"Use simple ",[18,131779,4113],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[14,131782,131783,131784,315],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[189,131785,90465],{"href":90464},[29,131787,67954],{"id":67953},[14,131789,131790],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[34,131792,131794],{"className":36,"code":131793,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[18,131795,131796,131806,131820,131849],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,131797,131798,131800,131802,131804],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,131799,50],{"class":49},[43,131801,54],{"class":53},[43,131803,951],{"class":236},[43,131805,227],{"class":53},[43,131807,131808,131810,131812,131814,131816,131818],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,131809,50],{"class":49},[43,131811,54],{"class":53},[43,131813,248],{"class":57},[43,131815,54],{"class":53},[43,131817,307],{"class":236},[43,131819,67],{"class":53},[43,131821,131822,131824,131826,131828,131831,131833,131835,131837,131839,131841,131843,131845,131847],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,131823,50],{"class":49},[43,131825,54],{"class":53},[43,131827,82],{"class":81},[43,131829,131830],{"class":85},"Hello ",[43,131832,4113],{"class":63},[43,131834,82],{"class":81},[43,131836,315],{"class":53},[43,131838,130137],{"class":236},[43,131840,54],{"class":53},[43,131842,82],{"class":81},[43,131844,8001],{"class":85},[43,131846,82],{"class":81},[43,131848,67],{"class":53},[43,131850,131851,131853,131855,131857,131859,131861],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,131852,32474],{"class":49},[43,131854,54],{"class":53},[43,131856,1038],{"class":57},[43,131858,315],{"class":53},[43,131860,130137],{"class":25074},[43,131862,227],{"class":53},[14,131864,131865],{},"Use them to check:",[150,131867,131868,131871,131874,131877],{},[153,131869,131870],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[153,131872,131873],{},"what type your value has",[153,131875,131876],{},"whether a small test example works",[153,131878,131879,131880],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[18,131881,131882],{},"str.format",[29,131884,2162],{"id":2161},[402,131886,129918,131888,13035],{"id":131887},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[18,131889,126417],{},[14,131891,131892],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[402,131894,131896],{"id":131895},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[14,131898,131899,131900,131902],{},"No. You can use plain ",[18,131901,4113],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[402,131904,131906,131907,2822],{"id":131905},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[18,131908,126417],{},[14,131910,131911,131912,131915],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[18,131913,131914],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[402,131917,15225,131919,131921],{"id":131918},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[18,131920,126417],{}," better than f-strings?",[14,131923,131924,131925,131927],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[18,131926,126417],{}," is still useful and common.",[29,131929,2229],{"id":2228},[150,131931,131932,131936,131940,131946,131952],{},[153,131933,131934],{},[189,131935,125169],{"href":51030},[153,131937,131938],{},[189,131939,90742],{"href":89751},[153,131941,131942],{},[189,131943,3894,131944,3827],{"href":46502},[18,131945,46505],{},[153,131947,131948],{},[189,131949,3894,131950,3827],{"href":2240},[18,131951,47737],{},[153,131953,131954],{},[189,131955,90465],{"href":90464},[2262,131957,131958],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":131960},[131961,131962,131964,131965,131966,131967,131968,131969,131971,131980,131981,131990],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":130204,"depth":70,"text":131963},"What the format() method does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":130485,"depth":70,"text":130486},{"id":130747,"depth":70,"text":130748},{"id":130978,"depth":70,"text":130979},{"id":902,"depth":70,"text":903},{"id":131281,"depth":70,"text":131970},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160,"children":131972},[131973,131974,131975,131977,131979],{"id":131402,"depth":93,"text":131403},{"id":131519,"depth":93,"text":131520},{"id":131631,"depth":93,"text":131976},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131761,"depth":93,"text":131978},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131770,"depth":93,"text":131771},{"id":67953,"depth":70,"text":67954},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":131982},[131983,131985,131986,131988],{"id":131887,"depth":93,"text":131984},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131895,"depth":93,"text":131896},{"id":131905,"depth":93,"text":131987},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131918,"depth":93,"text":131989},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130064,"description":131991},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131998,"title":131999,"body":132000,"description":133480,"extension":2312,"meta":133481,"navigation":958,"path":133482,"seo":133483,"stem":133484,"__hash__":133485},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":132001,"toc":133452},[132002,132007,132012,132017,132019,132081,132088,132094,132099,132101,132117,132119,132190,132192,132206,132209,132259,132261,132263,132290,132293,132308,132311,132352,132355,132400,132407,132456,132458,132466,132468,132486,132488,132581,132589,132630,132635,132642,132648,132655,132658,132662,132763,132765,132787,132791,132844,132847,132850,132856,132863,132865,132904,132906,132924,132934,132941,133024,133027,133034,133041,133048,133052,133060,133106,133110,133119,133184,133189,133194,133205,133207,133212,133239,133241,133344,133347,133367,133369,133374,133377,133381,133385,133392,133401,133407,133410,133416,133418,133420,133449],[10,132003,123414,132005,11638],{"id":132004},"python-string-index-method",[18,132006,59025],{},[14,132008,123419,132009,132011],{},[18,132010,59025],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[14,132013,132014,132015,315],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[18,132016,690],{},[29,132018,32],{"id":31},[34,132020,132022],{"className":36,"code":132021,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[18,132023,132024,132036,132058,132068,132072,132076],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,132025,132026,132028,132030,132032,132034],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,132027,927],{"class":207},[43,132029,212],{"class":211},[43,132031,932],{"class":81},[43,132033,60464],{"class":85},[43,132035,938],{"class":81},[43,132037,132038,132040,132042,132044,132046,132048,132050,132052,132054,132056],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,132039,64978],{"class":207},[43,132041,212],{"class":211},[43,132043,42893],{"class":207},[43,132045,315],{"class":53},[43,132047,36169],{"class":236},[43,132049,54],{"class":53},[43,132051,82],{"class":81},[43,132053,60649],{"class":85},[43,132055,82],{"class":81},[43,132057,227],{"class":53},[43,132059,132060,132062,132064,132066],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,132061,50],{"class":49},[43,132063,54],{"class":53},[43,132065,65005],{"class":236},[43,132067,227],{"class":53},[43,132069,132070],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,132071,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,132073,132074],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,132075,90883],{"class":3984},[43,132077,132078],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,132079,132080],{"class":3984},"# 6\n",[14,132082,133,132083,132085,132086,315],{},[18,132084,59025],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[18,132087,690],{},[29,132089,3998,132091,4001],{"id":132090},"what-strindex-does",[18,132092,132093],{},"str.index()",[14,132095,132096,132098],{},[18,132097,132093],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[14,132100,13372],{},[150,132102,132103,132106,132109,132112],{},[153,132104,132105],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[153,132107,132108],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[153,132110,132111],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[153,132113,30614,132114,132116],{},[18,132115,690],{}," if the substring is not found",[14,132118,197],{},[34,132120,132122],{"className":36,"code":132121,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[18,132123,132124,132136,132140,132165],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,132125,132126,132128,132130,132132,132134],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,132127,927],{"class":207},[43,132129,212],{"class":211},[43,132131,932],{"class":81},[43,132133,4410],{"class":85},[43,132135,938],{"class":81},[43,132137,132138],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,132139,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,132141,132142,132144,132146,132148,132150,132152,132154,132156,132158,132160,132162],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,132143,50],{"class":49},[43,132145,54],{"class":53},[43,132147,951],{"class":236},[43,132149,315],{"class":53},[43,132151,36169],{"class":236},[43,132153,54],{"class":53},[43,132155,82],{"class":81},[43,132157,189],{"class":85},[43,132159,82],{"class":81},[43,132161,5686],{"class":53},[43,132163,132164],{"class":3984},"     # 1\n",[43,132166,132167,132169,132171,132173,132175,132177,132179,132181,132183,132185,132187],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,132168,50],{"class":49},[43,132170,54],{"class":53},[43,132172,951],{"class":236},[43,132174,315],{"class":53},[43,132176,36169],{"class":236},[43,132178,54],{"class":53},[43,132180,82],{"class":81},[43,132182,123507],{"class":85},[43,132184,82],{"class":81},[43,132186,5686],{"class":53},[43,132188,132189],{"class":3984},"    # 2\n",[14,132191,2524],{},[150,132193,132194,132200],{},[153,132195,132196,128627,132198],{},[18,132197,18418],{},[18,132199,797],{},[153,132201,132202,128627,132204],{},[18,132203,128626],{},[18,132205,447],{},[14,132207,132208],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[34,132210,132212],{"className":36,"code":132211,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[18,132213,132214,132226,132230,132254],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,132215,132216,132218,132220,132222,132224],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,132217,927],{"class":207},[43,132219,212],{"class":211},[43,132221,932],{"class":81},[43,132223,35189],{"class":85},[43,132225,938],{"class":81},[43,132227,132228],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,132229,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,132231,132232,132234,132236,132238,132240,132242,132244,132246,132248,132250,132252],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,132233,50],{"class":49},[43,132235,54],{"class":53},[43,132237,951],{"class":236},[43,132239,315],{"class":53},[43,132241,36169],{"class":236},[43,132243,54],{"class":53},[43,132245,82],{"class":81},[43,132247,51246],{"class":85},[43,132249,82],{"class":81},[43,132251,5686],{"class":53},[43,132253,21091],{"class":3984},[43,132255,132256],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,132257,132258],{"class":3984},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[29,132260,290],{"id":289},[14,132262,2505],{},[34,132264,132266],{"className":36,"code":132265,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,132267,132268],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,132269,132270,132272,132274,132276,132278,132280,132282,132284,132286,132288],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,132271,61232],{"class":207},[43,132273,315],{"class":53},[43,132275,36169],{"class":236},[43,132277,54],{"class":53},[43,132279,307],{"class":236},[43,132281,800],{"class":53},[43,132283,36375],{"class":236},[43,132285,800],{"class":53},[43,132287,65099],{"class":236},[43,132289,227],{"class":53},[14,132291,132292],{},"Parameters:",[150,132294,132295,132299,132303],{},[153,132296,132297,123606],{},[18,132298,307],{},[153,132300,132301,128673],{},[18,132302,36396],{},[153,132304,132305,132307],{},[18,132306,52716],{},": optional stopping position",[14,132309,132310],{},"You can use just the value:",[34,132312,132314],{"className":36,"code":132313,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[18,132315,132316,132328],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,132317,132318,132320,132322,132324,132326],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,132319,927],{"class":207},[43,132321,212],{"class":211},[43,132323,932],{"class":81},[43,132325,38],{"class":85},[43,132327,938],{"class":81},[43,132329,132330,132332,132334,132336,132338,132340,132342,132344,132346,132348,132350],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,132331,50],{"class":49},[43,132333,54],{"class":53},[43,132335,951],{"class":236},[43,132337,315],{"class":53},[43,132339,36169],{"class":236},[43,132341,54],{"class":53},[43,132343,82],{"class":81},[43,132345,63345],{"class":85},[43,132347,82],{"class":81},[43,132349,5686],{"class":53},[43,132351,51470],{"class":3984},[14,132353,132354],{},"Or include a start position:",[34,132356,132358],{"className":36,"code":132357,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[18,132359,132360,132372],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,132361,132362,132364,132366,132368,132370],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,132363,927],{"class":207},[43,132365,212],{"class":211},[43,132367,932],{"class":81},[43,132369,4410],{"class":85},[43,132371,938],{"class":81},[43,132373,132374,132376,132378,132380,132382,132384,132386,132388,132390,132392,132394,132396,132398],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,132375,50],{"class":49},[43,132377,54],{"class":53},[43,132379,951],{"class":236},[43,132381,315],{"class":53},[43,132383,36169],{"class":236},[43,132385,54],{"class":53},[43,132387,82],{"class":81},[43,132389,189],{"class":85},[43,132391,82],{"class":81},[43,132393,800],{"class":53},[43,132395,803],{"class":63},[43,132397,5686],{"class":53},[43,132399,50825],{"class":3984},[14,132401,132402,132403,895,132405,325],{},"Or include both ",[18,132404,36396],{},[18,132406,52716],{},[34,132408,132410],{"className":36,"code":132409,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[18,132411,132412,132424],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,132413,132414,132416,132418,132420,132422],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,132415,927],{"class":207},[43,132417,212],{"class":211},[43,132419,932],{"class":81},[43,132421,4410],{"class":85},[43,132423,938],{"class":81},[43,132425,132426,132428,132430,132432,132434,132436,132438,132440,132442,132444,132446,132448,132450,132452,132454],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,132427,50],{"class":49},[43,132429,54],{"class":53},[43,132431,951],{"class":236},[43,132433,315],{"class":53},[43,132435,36169],{"class":236},[43,132437,54],{"class":53},[43,132439,82],{"class":81},[43,132441,189],{"class":85},[43,132443,82],{"class":81},[43,132445,800],{"class":53},[43,132447,803],{"class":63},[43,132449,800],{"class":53},[43,132451,4929],{"class":63},[43,132453,5686],{"class":53},[43,132455,50825],{"class":3984},[29,132457,38346],{"id":38345},[14,132459,29033,132460,132462,132463,315],{},[18,132461,59025],{}," is a ",[913,132464,132465],{},"zero-based index",[14,132467,2453],{},[150,132469,132470,132476,132481],{},[153,132471,132472,132473,132475],{},"Index ",[18,132474,2466],{}," is the first character",[153,132477,132472,132478,132480],{},[18,132479,797],{}," is the second character",[153,132482,132472,132483,132485],{},[18,132484,447],{}," is the third character",[14,132487,197],{},[34,132489,132491],{"className":36,"code":132490,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[18,132492,132493,132505,132509,132533,132557],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,132494,132495,132497,132499,132501,132503],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,132496,927],{"class":207},[43,132498,212],{"class":211},[43,132500,932],{"class":81},[43,132502,37372],{"class":85},[43,132504,938],{"class":81},[43,132506,132507],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,132508,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,132510,132511,132513,132515,132517,132519,132521,132523,132525,132527,132529,132531],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,132512,50],{"class":49},[43,132514,54],{"class":53},[43,132516,951],{"class":236},[43,132518,315],{"class":53},[43,132520,36169],{"class":236},[43,132522,54],{"class":53},[43,132524,82],{"class":81},[43,132526,10055],{"class":85},[43,132528,82],{"class":81},[43,132530,5686],{"class":53},[43,132532,51302],{"class":3984},[43,132534,132535,132537,132539,132541,132543,132545,132547,132549,132551,132553,132555],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,132536,50],{"class":49},[43,132538,54],{"class":53},[43,132540,951],{"class":236},[43,132542,315],{"class":53},[43,132544,36169],{"class":236},[43,132546,54],{"class":53},[43,132548,82],{"class":81},[43,132550,189],{"class":85},[43,132552,82],{"class":81},[43,132554,5686],{"class":53},[43,132556,28104],{"class":3984},[43,132558,132559,132561,132563,132565,132567,132569,132571,132573,132575,132577,132579],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,132560,50],{"class":49},[43,132562,54],{"class":53},[43,132564,951],{"class":236},[43,132566,315],{"class":53},[43,132568,36169],{"class":236},[43,132570,54],{"class":53},[43,132572,82],{"class":81},[43,132574,63345],{"class":85},[43,132576,82],{"class":81},[43,132578,5686],{"class":53},[43,132580,51470],{"class":3984},[14,132582,132583,132585,132586,132588],{},[18,132584,59025],{}," returns only the ",[913,132587,30229],{}," matching position.",[34,132590,132592],{"className":36,"code":132591,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[18,132593,132594,132606],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,132595,132596,132598,132600,132602,132604],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,132597,927],{"class":207},[43,132599,212],{"class":211},[43,132601,932],{"class":81},[43,132603,4410],{"class":85},[43,132605,938],{"class":81},[43,132607,132608,132610,132612,132614,132616,132618,132620,132622,132624,132626,132628],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,132609,50],{"class":49},[43,132611,54],{"class":53},[43,132613,951],{"class":236},[43,132615,315],{"class":53},[43,132617,36169],{"class":236},[43,132619,54],{"class":53},[43,132621,82],{"class":81},[43,132623,189],{"class":85},[43,132625,82],{"class":81},[43,132627,5686],{"class":53},[43,132629,28104],{"class":3984},[14,132631,21301,132632,132634],{},[18,132633,18418],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[14,132636,132637,132638,315],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[189,132639,132640,11055],{"href":124864},[18,132641,58647],{},[29,132643,8738,132644,895,132646],{"id":65465},[18,132645,36396],{},[18,132647,52716],{},[14,132649,1073,132650,895,132652,132654],{},[18,132651,36396],{},[18,132653,52716],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[14,132656,132657],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[14,132659,46093,132660,325],{},[18,132661,36396],{},[34,132663,132665],{"className":36,"code":132664,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[18,132666,132667,132679,132683,132707,132735],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,132668,132669,132671,132673,132675,132677],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,132670,927],{"class":207},[43,132672,212],{"class":211},[43,132674,932],{"class":81},[43,132676,4410],{"class":85},[43,132678,938],{"class":81},[43,132680,132681],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,132682,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,132684,132685,132687,132689,132691,132693,132695,132697,132699,132701,132703,132705],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,132686,50],{"class":49},[43,132688,54],{"class":53},[43,132690,951],{"class":236},[43,132692,315],{"class":53},[43,132694,36169],{"class":236},[43,132696,54],{"class":53},[43,132698,82],{"class":81},[43,132700,189],{"class":85},[43,132702,82],{"class":81},[43,132704,5686],{"class":53},[43,132706,51175],{"class":3984},[43,132708,132709,132711,132713,132715,132717,132719,132721,132723,132725,132727,132729,132731,132733],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,132710,50],{"class":49},[43,132712,54],{"class":53},[43,132714,951],{"class":236},[43,132716,315],{"class":53},[43,132718,36169],{"class":236},[43,132720,54],{"class":53},[43,132722,82],{"class":81},[43,132724,189],{"class":85},[43,132726,82],{"class":81},[43,132728,800],{"class":53},[43,132730,803],{"class":63},[43,132732,5686],{"class":53},[43,132734,51024],{"class":3984},[43,132736,132737,132739,132741,132743,132745,132747,132749,132751,132753,132755,132757,132759,132761],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,132738,50],{"class":49},[43,132740,54],{"class":53},[43,132742,951],{"class":236},[43,132744,315],{"class":53},[43,132746,36169],{"class":236},[43,132748,54],{"class":53},[43,132750,82],{"class":81},[43,132752,189],{"class":85},[43,132754,82],{"class":81},[43,132756,800],{"class":53},[43,132758,2789],{"class":63},[43,132760,5686],{"class":53},[43,132762,50808],{"class":3984},[14,132764,20280],{},[150,132766,132767,132774,132780],{},[153,132768,132769,132770,65655,132772],{},"The first search finds the first ",[18,132771,18418],{},[18,132773,797],{},[153,132775,132776,132777,132779],{},"Starting at index ",[18,132778,447],{}," skips that first match",[153,132781,132776,132782,132784,132785],{},[18,132783,2835],{}," finds the last ",[18,132786,18418],{},[14,132788,46093,132789,325],{},[18,132790,52716],{},[34,132792,132794],{"className":36,"code":132793,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[18,132795,132796,132808,132812],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,132797,132798,132800,132802,132804,132806],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,132799,927],{"class":207},[43,132801,212],{"class":211},[43,132803,932],{"class":81},[43,132805,4410],{"class":85},[43,132807,938],{"class":81},[43,132809,132810],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,132811,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,132813,132814,132816,132818,132820,132822,132824,132826,132828,132830,132832,132834,132836,132838,132840,132842],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,132815,50],{"class":49},[43,132817,54],{"class":53},[43,132819,951],{"class":236},[43,132821,315],{"class":53},[43,132823,36169],{"class":236},[43,132825,54],{"class":53},[43,132827,82],{"class":81},[43,132829,76089],{"class":85},[43,132831,82],{"class":81},[43,132833,800],{"class":53},[43,132835,4155],{"class":63},[43,132837,800],{"class":53},[43,132839,2789],{"class":63},[43,132841,5686],{"class":53},[43,132843,51470],{"class":3984},[14,132845,132846],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[14,132848,132849],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[29,132851,44265,132853,132855],{"id":132852},"when-index-causes-an-error",[18,132854,59025],{}," causes an error",[14,132857,132858,132859,52550,132861,315],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[18,132860,59025],{},[18,132862,690],{},[14,132864,197],{},[34,132866,132868],{"className":36,"code":132867,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[18,132869,132870,132882],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,132871,132872,132874,132876,132878,132880],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,132873,927],{"class":207},[43,132875,212],{"class":211},[43,132877,932],{"class":81},[43,132879,710],{"class":85},[43,132881,938],{"class":81},[43,132883,132884,132886,132888,132890,132892,132894,132896,132898,132900,132902],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,132885,50],{"class":49},[43,132887,54],{"class":53},[43,132889,951],{"class":236},[43,132891,315],{"class":53},[43,132893,36169],{"class":236},[43,132895,54],{"class":53},[43,132897,82],{"class":81},[43,132899,22400],{"class":85},[43,132901,82],{"class":81},[43,132903,67],{"class":53},[14,132905,110],{},[34,132907,132909],{"className":36,"code":132908,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[18,132910,132911],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,132912,132913,132915,132917,132920,132922],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,132914,690],{"class":57},[43,132916,325],{"class":53},[43,132918,132919],{"class":207}," substring ",[43,132921,734],{"class":211},[43,132923,65888],{"class":207},[14,132925,53397,132926,126380,132931,132933],{},[189,132927,132928],{"href":130058},[18,132929,132930],{},"str.find()",[18,132932,65913],{}," instead of raising an error.",[14,132935,132936,132937,895,132939,325],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[18,132938,1928],{},[18,132940,1972],{},[34,132942,132944],{"className":36,"code":132943,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[18,132945,132946,132958,132962,132968,132991,133001,133009],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,132947,132948,132950,132952,132954,132956],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,132949,927],{"class":207},[43,132951,212],{"class":211},[43,132953,932],{"class":81},[43,132955,710],{"class":85},[43,132957,938],{"class":81},[43,132959,132960],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,132961,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,132963,132964,132966],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,132965,1928],{"class":1927},[43,132967,1931],{"class":53},[43,132969,132970,132973,132975,132977,132979,132981,132983,132985,132987,132989],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,132971,132972],{"class":207},"    position ",[43,132974,212],{"class":211},[43,132976,42893],{"class":207},[43,132978,315],{"class":53},[43,132980,36169],{"class":236},[43,132982,54],{"class":53},[43,132984,82],{"class":81},[43,132986,22400],{"class":85},[43,132988,82],{"class":81},[43,132990,227],{"class":53},[43,132992,132993,132995,132997,132999],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,132994,1951],{"class":49},[43,132996,54],{"class":53},[43,132998,65005],{"class":236},[43,133000,227],{"class":53},[43,133002,133003,133005,133007],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,133004,1972],{"class":1927},[43,133006,1975],{"class":57},[43,133008,1931],{"class":53},[43,133010,133011,133013,133015,133017,133020,133022],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,133012,1951],{"class":49},[43,133014,54],{"class":53},[43,133016,82],{"class":81},[43,133018,133019],{"class":85},"Substring not found",[43,133021,82],{"class":81},[43,133023,227],{"class":53},[14,133025,133026],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[14,133028,1995,133029,315],{},[189,133030,26003,133032],{"href":133031},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[18,133033,129385],{},[29,133035,133037,10901,133039],{"id":133036},"index-vs-find",[18,133038,59025],{},[18,133040,124409],{},[14,133042,133043,895,133045,133047],{},[18,133044,59025],{},[18,133046,124409],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[402,133049,133050],{"id":36169},[18,133051,59025],{},[150,133053,133054,133057],{},[153,133055,133056],{},"Returns the first match position",[153,133058,133059],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[34,133061,133063],{"className":36,"code":133062,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[18,133064,133065,133077,133101],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,133066,133067,133069,133071,133073,133075],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,133068,927],{"class":207},[43,133070,212],{"class":211},[43,133072,932],{"class":81},[43,133074,710],{"class":85},[43,133076,938],{"class":81},[43,133078,133079,133081,133083,133085,133087,133089,133091,133093,133095,133097,133099],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,133080,50],{"class":49},[43,133082,54],{"class":53},[43,133084,951],{"class":236},[43,133086,315],{"class":53},[43,133088,36169],{"class":236},[43,133090,54],{"class":53},[43,133092,82],{"class":81},[43,133094,60505],{"class":85},[43,133096,82],{"class":81},[43,133098,5686],{"class":53},[43,133100,28104],{"class":3984},[43,133102,133103],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,133104,133105],{"class":3984},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[402,133107,133108],{"id":128439},[18,133109,124409],{},[150,133111,133112,133114],{},[153,133113,133056],{},[153,133115,11740,133116,133118],{},[18,133117,65913],{}," if nothing is found",[34,133120,133122],{"className":36,"code":133121,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[18,133123,133124,133136,133160],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,133125,133126,133128,133130,133132,133134],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,133127,927],{"class":207},[43,133129,212],{"class":211},[43,133131,932],{"class":81},[43,133133,710],{"class":85},[43,133135,938],{"class":81},[43,133137,133138,133140,133142,133144,133146,133148,133150,133152,133154,133156,133158],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,133139,50],{"class":49},[43,133141,54],{"class":53},[43,133143,951],{"class":236},[43,133145,315],{"class":53},[43,133147,128439],{"class":236},[43,133149,54],{"class":53},[43,133151,82],{"class":81},[43,133153,60505],{"class":85},[43,133155,82],{"class":81},[43,133157,5686],{"class":53},[43,133159,28104],{"class":3984},[43,133161,133162,133164,133166,133168,133170,133172,133174,133176,133178,133180,133182],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,133163,50],{"class":49},[43,133165,54],{"class":53},[43,133167,951],{"class":236},[43,133169,315],{"class":53},[43,133171,128439],{"class":236},[43,133173,54],{"class":53},[43,133175,82],{"class":81},[43,133177,22400],{"class":85},[43,133179,82],{"class":81},[43,133181,5686],{"class":53},[43,133183,128795],{"class":3984},[14,133185,133,133186,133188],{},[18,133187,59025],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[14,133190,133,133191,133193],{},[18,133192,124409],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[14,133195,133196,133197,2172,133202,315],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[189,133198,133199,133201],{"href":130058},[18,133200,132930],{}," method reference",[189,133203,127450],{"href":133204},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[29,133206,3160],{"id":3159},[14,133208,133209,133210,325],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[18,133211,59025],{},[150,133213,133214,133217,133224,133229,133234],{},[153,133215,133216],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[153,133218,8773,133219,8776,133221,133223],{},[18,133220,59025],{},[18,133222,65913],{}," when no match exists",[153,133225,8738,133226,133228],{},[18,133227,59025],{}," on a value that may not be present",[153,133230,133231,133232],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[18,133233,797],{},[153,133235,4903,133236,133238],{},[18,133237,59025],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[14,133240,62353],{},[34,133242,133244],{"className":36,"code":133243,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[18,133245,133246,133256,133270,133292,133314],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,133247,133248,133250,133252,133254],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,133249,50],{"class":49},[43,133251,54],{"class":53},[43,133253,951],{"class":236},[43,133255,227],{"class":53},[43,133257,133258,133260,133262,133264,133266,133268],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,133259,50],{"class":49},[43,133261,54],{"class":53},[43,133263,1820],{"class":49},[43,133265,54],{"class":53},[43,133267,951],{"class":236},[43,133269,67],{"class":53},[43,133271,133272,133274,133276,133278,133280,133282,133284,133286,133288,133290],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,133273,50],{"class":49},[43,133275,54],{"class":53},[43,133277,951],{"class":236},[43,133279,315],{"class":53},[43,133281,36169],{"class":236},[43,133283,54],{"class":53},[43,133285,82],{"class":81},[43,133287,307],{"class":85},[43,133289,82],{"class":81},[43,133291,67],{"class":53},[43,133293,133294,133296,133298,133300,133302,133304,133306,133308,133310,133312],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,133295,50],{"class":49},[43,133297,54],{"class":53},[43,133299,951],{"class":236},[43,133301,315],{"class":53},[43,133303,128439],{"class":236},[43,133305,54],{"class":53},[43,133307,82],{"class":81},[43,133309,307],{"class":85},[43,133311,82],{"class":81},[43,133313,67],{"class":53},[43,133315,133316,133318,133320,133322,133324,133326,133328,133330,133332,133334,133336,133338,133340,133342],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,133317,50],{"class":49},[43,133319,54],{"class":53},[43,133321,951],{"class":236},[43,133323,315],{"class":53},[43,133325,36169],{"class":236},[43,133327,54],{"class":53},[43,133329,82],{"class":81},[43,133331,307],{"class":85},[43,133333,82],{"class":81},[43,133335,800],{"class":53},[43,133337,36375],{"class":236},[43,133339,800],{"class":53},[43,133341,65099],{"class":236},[43,133343,67],{"class":53},[14,133345,133346],{},"Tips:",[150,133348,133349,133354,133359,133362],{},[153,133350,133,133351,133353],{},[18,133352,126336],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[153,133355,133,133356,133358],{},[18,133357,124409],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[153,133360,133361],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[153,133363,133364,133365],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[18,133366,2466],{},[29,133368,2162],{"id":2161},[402,133370,129918,133372,13035],{"id":133371},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[18,133373,59025],{},[14,133375,133376],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[402,133378,133380],{"id":133379},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[14,133382,76917,133383,315],{},[18,133384,690],{},[402,133386,5503,133388,895,133390,2822],{"id":133387},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[18,133389,59025],{},[18,133391,124409],{},[14,133393,133394,133396,133397,2733,133399,6956],{},[18,133395,59025],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[18,133398,124409],{},[18,133400,65913],{},[402,133402,5493,133404,133406],{"id":133403},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[18,133405,59025],{}," search for more than one character?",[14,133408,133409],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[402,133411,133413,133414,124750],{"id":133412},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[18,133415,59025],{},[14,133417,129943],{},[29,133419,2229],{"id":2228},[150,133421,133422,133428,133432,133437,133443],{},[153,133423,133424],{},[189,133425,133426,11055],{"href":130058},[18,133427,132930],{},[153,133429,133430],{},[189,133431,124813],{"href":133204},[153,133433,133434],{},[189,133435,130019],{"href":133436},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[153,133438,133439],{},[189,133440,133441,11055],{"href":124864},[18,133442,58647],{},[153,133444,133445],{},[189,133446,30668,133447],{"href":133031},[18,133448,129385],{},[2262,133450,133451],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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an error",{"id":133036,"depth":70,"text":133463,"children":133464},"index() vs find()",[133465,133466],{"id":36169,"depth":93,"text":59025},{"id":128439,"depth":93,"text":124409},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":133469},[133470,133472,133473,133475,133477],{"id":133371,"depth":93,"text":133471},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133379,"depth":93,"text":133380},{"id":133387,"depth":93,"text":133474},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133403,"depth":93,"text":133476},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133412,"depth":93,"text":133478},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131999,"description":133480},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133487,"title":133488,"body":133489,"description":136264,"extension":2312,"meta":136265,"navigation":958,"path":136266,"seo":136267,"stem":136268,"__hash__":136269},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133490,"toc":136200},[133491,133497,133502,133505,133508,133519,133521,133590,133592,133606,133611,133616,133621,133623,133666,133668,133751,133753,133799,133805,133807,133809,133829,133831,133854,133856,133930,133932,133951,133956,133958,133962,134034,134036,134050,134054,134130,134132,134151,134155,134249,134251,134260,134267,134343,134345,134363,134367,134370,134377,134426,134428,134437,134444,134503,134505,134523,134526,134533,134592,134594,134612,134619,134676,134678,134687,134691,134696,134700,134759,134761,134779,134783,134830,134835,134838,134907,134909,134926,134933,134939,134994,134999,135002,135079,135081,135099,135105,135111,135171,135173,135192,135198,135201,135208,135261,135266,135268,135329,135338,135345,135347,135404,135409,135411,135482,135486,135541,135543,135552,135557,135563,135632,135634,135666,135672,135680,135687,135693,135758,135760,135769,135775,135856,135858,135867,135872,135886,135893,135897,135902,135930,135932,136065,136068,136105,136107,136113,136122,136127,136130,136135,136140,136146,136149,136158,136161,136163,136192,136197],[10,133492,123414,133494,11638],{"id":133493},"python-string-join-method",[18,133495,133496],{},"join()",[14,133498,123419,133499,133501],{},[18,133500,133496],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133503,133504],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[14,133506,133507],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[150,133509,133510,133516],{},[153,133511,133512,133513,133515],{},"You call ",[18,133514,133496],{}," on the separator string",[153,133517,133518],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[29,133520,3927],{"id":3926},[34,133522,133524],{"className":36,"code":133523,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[18,133525,133526,133559,133580],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,133527,133528,133530,133532,133534,133536,133538,133540,133542,133544,133546,133548,133550,133552,133555,133557],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,133529,4392],{"class":207},[43,133531,212],{"class":211},[43,133533,3942],{"class":53},[43,133535,82],{"class":81},[43,133537,7621],{"class":85},[43,133539,82],{"class":81},[43,133541,800],{"class":53},[43,133543,932],{"class":81},[43,133545,12512],{"class":85},[43,133547,82],{"class":81},[43,133549,800],{"class":53},[43,133551,932],{"class":81},[43,133553,133554],{"class":85},"fun",[43,133556,82],{"class":81},[43,133558,3955],{"class":53},[43,133560,133561,133563,133565,133567,133569,133571,133574,133576,133578],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,133562,1282],{"class":207},[43,133564,212],{"class":211},[43,133566,932],{"class":81},[43,133568,932],{"class":81},[43,133570,315],{"class":53},[43,133572,133573],{"class":236},"join",[43,133575,54],{"class":53},[43,133577,4436],{"class":236},[43,133579,227],{"class":53},[43,133581,133582,133584,133586,133588],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,133583,50],{"class":49},[43,133585,54],{"class":53},[43,133587,1306],{"class":236},[43,133589,227],{"class":53},[14,133591,110],{},[34,133593,133595],{"className":36,"code":133594,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Python is fun\n",[18,133596,133597],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,133598,133599,133601,133603],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,133600,3894],{"class":207},[43,133602,12512],{"class":211},[43,133604,133605],{"class":207}," fun\n",[14,133607,133,133608,133610],{},[18,133609,133496],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[29,133612,3998,133614,4001],{"id":133613},"what-join-does",[18,133615,133496],{},[14,133617,133618,133620],{},[18,133619,133496],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133622,11775],{},[150,133624,133625,133632,133660,133663],{},[153,133626,133627,133628,133631],{},"It uses the string before ",[18,133629,133630],{},".join()"," as the separator",[153,133633,133634,133635],{},"Common separators are:\n",[150,133636,133637,133643,133649,133655],{},[153,133638,133639,133642],{},[18,133640,133641],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[153,133644,133645,133648],{},[18,133646,133647],{},"\", \""," for commas",[153,133650,133651,133654],{},[18,133652,133653],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[153,133656,133657,133659],{},[18,133658,769],{}," for no separator",[153,133661,133662],{},"It returns a new string",[153,133664,133665],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[14,133667,197],{},[34,133669,133671],{"className":36,"code":133670,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[18,133672,133673,133705,133727,133731,133741],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,133674,133675,133677,133679,133681,133683,133685,133687,133689,133691,133693,133695,133697,133699,133701,133703],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,133676,4392],{"class":207},[43,133678,212],{"class":211},[43,133680,3942],{"class":53},[43,133682,82],{"class":81},[43,133684,13413],{"class":85},[43,133686,82],{"class":81},[43,133688,800],{"class":53},[43,133690,932],{"class":81},[43,133692,17777],{"class":85},[43,133694,82],{"class":81},[43,133696,800],{"class":53},[43,133698,932],{"class":81},[43,133700,13430],{"class":85},[43,133702,82],{"class":81},[43,133704,3955],{"class":53},[43,133706,133707,133709,133711,133713,133715,133717,133719,133721,133723,133725],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,133708,1282],{"class":207},[43,133710,212],{"class":211},[43,133712,932],{"class":81},[43,133714,2534],{"class":85},[43,133716,82],{"class":81},[43,133718,315],{"class":53},[43,133720,133573],{"class":236},[43,133722,54],{"class":53},[43,133724,4436],{"class":236},[43,133726,227],{"class":53},[43,133728,133729],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,133730,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,133732,133733,133735,133737,133739],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,133734,50],{"class":49},[43,133736,54],{"class":53},[43,133738,1306],{"class":236},[43,133740,227],{"class":53},[43,133742,133743,133745,133747,133749],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,133744,50],{"class":49},[43,133746,54],{"class":53},[43,133748,4436],{"class":236},[43,133750,227],{"class":53},[14,133752,110],{},[34,133754,133756],{"className":36,"code":133755,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[18,133757,133758,133771],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,133759,133760,133762,133764,133767,133769],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,133761,13413],{"class":207},[43,133763,800],{"class":53},[43,133765,133766],{"class":207}," green",[43,133768,800],{"class":53},[43,133770,36204],{"class":207},[43,133772,133773,133775,133777,133779,133781,133783,133785,133787,133789,133791,133793,133795,133797],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,133774,4221],{"class":53},[43,133776,283],{"class":81},[43,133778,13413],{"class":85},[43,133780,283],{"class":81},[43,133782,800],{"class":53},[43,133784,278],{"class":81},[43,133786,17777],{"class":85},[43,133788,283],{"class":81},[43,133790,800],{"class":53},[43,133792,278],{"class":81},[43,133794,13430],{"class":85},[43,133796,283],{"class":81},[43,133798,3955],{"class":53},[14,133800,133801,133802,133804],{},"The list stays the same. ",[18,133803,133496],{}," creates a new string.",[29,133806,290],{"id":289},[14,133808,293],{},[34,133810,133812],{"className":36,"code":133811,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[18,133813,133814],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,133815,133816,133819,133821,133823,133825,133827],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,133817,133818],{"class":207},"separator",[43,133820,315],{"class":53},[43,133822,133573],{"class":236},[43,133824,54],{"class":53},[43,133826,4042],{"class":236},[43,133828,227],{"class":53},[402,133830,49064],{"id":49063},[150,133832,133833,133846,133851],{},[153,133834,133835,133837,133838,2534,133840,2534,133842,2537,133844],{},[18,133836,133818],{}," is a string such as ",[18,133839,133641],{},[18,133841,133647],{},[18,133843,133653],{},[18,133845,769],{},[153,133847,133848,133850],{},[18,133849,4042],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[153,133852,133853],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[14,133855,197],{},[34,133857,133859],{"className":36,"code":133858,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133860,133861,133893,133916,133920],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,133862,133863,133865,133867,133869,133871,133873,133875,133877,133879,133881,133883,133885,133887,133889,133891],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,133864,5318],{"class":207},[43,133866,212],{"class":211},[43,133868,3942],{"class":53},[43,133870,82],{"class":81},[43,133872,13200],{"class":85},[43,133874,82],{"class":81},[43,133876,800],{"class":53},[43,133878,932],{"class":81},[43,133880,36264],{"class":85},[43,133882,82],{"class":81},[43,133884,800],{"class":53},[43,133886,932],{"class":81},[43,133888,36273],{"class":85},[43,133890,82],{"class":81},[43,133892,3955],{"class":53},[43,133894,133895,133897,133899,133901,133904,133906,133908,133910,133912,133914],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,133896,1282],{"class":207},[43,133898,212],{"class":211},[43,133900,932],{"class":81},[43,133902,133903],{"class":85}," | ",[43,133905,82],{"class":81},[43,133907,315],{"class":53},[43,133909,133573],{"class":236},[43,133911,54],{"class":53},[43,133913,5362],{"class":236},[43,133915,227],{"class":53},[43,133917,133918],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,133919,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,133921,133922,133924,133926,133928],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,133923,50],{"class":49},[43,133925,54],{"class":53},[43,133927,1306],{"class":236},[43,133929,227],{"class":53},[14,133931,110],{},[34,133933,133935],{"className":36,"code":133934,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[18,133936,133937],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,133938,133939,133942,133944,133947,133949],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,133940,133941],{"class":207},"Ana ",[43,133943,113921],{"class":211},[43,133945,133946],{"class":207}," Ben ",[43,133948,113921],{"class":211},[43,133950,36345],{"class":207},[14,133952,133953,133954,315],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[189,133955,125169],{"href":51030},[29,133957,121945],{"id":121944},[402,133959,133961],{"id":133960},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[34,133963,133965],{"className":36,"code":133964,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133966,133967,134000,134020,134024],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,133968,133969,133971,133973,133975,133977,133979,133981,133983,133985,133987,133989,133991,133993,133996,133998],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,133970,4392],{"class":207},[43,133972,212],{"class":211},[43,133974,3942],{"class":53},[43,133976,82],{"class":81},[43,133978,7621],{"class":85},[43,133980,82],{"class":81},[43,133982,800],{"class":53},[43,133984,932],{"class":81},[43,133986,12512],{"class":85},[43,133988,82],{"class":81},[43,133990,800],{"class":53},[43,133992,932],{"class":81},[43,133994,133995],{"class":85},"easy",[43,133997,82],{"class":81},[43,133999,3955],{"class":53},[43,134001,134002,134004,134006,134008,134010,134012,134014,134016,134018],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,134003,1282],{"class":207},[43,134005,212],{"class":211},[43,134007,932],{"class":81},[43,134009,932],{"class":81},[43,134011,315],{"class":53},[43,134013,133573],{"class":236},[43,134015,54],{"class":53},[43,134017,4436],{"class":236},[43,134019,227],{"class":53},[43,134021,134022],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,134023,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,134025,134026,134028,134030,134032],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,134027,50],{"class":49},[43,134029,54],{"class":53},[43,134031,1306],{"class":236},[43,134033,227],{"class":53},[14,134035,110],{},[34,134037,134039],{"className":36,"code":134038,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Python is easy\n",[18,134040,134041],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134042,134043,134045,134047],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134044,3894],{"class":207},[43,134046,12512],{"class":211},[43,134048,134049],{"class":207}," easy\n",[402,134051,134053],{"id":134052},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[34,134055,134057],{"className":36,"code":134056,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134058,134059,134094,134116,134120],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134060,134061,134063,134065,134067,134069,134072,134074,134076,134078,134081,134083,134085,134087,134090,134092],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134062,8104],{"class":207},[43,134064,212],{"class":211},[43,134066,3942],{"class":53},[43,134068,82],{"class":81},[43,134070,134071],{"class":85},"apples",[43,134073,82],{"class":81},[43,134075,800],{"class":53},[43,134077,932],{"class":81},[43,134079,134080],{"class":85},"bananas",[43,134082,82],{"class":81},[43,134084,800],{"class":53},[43,134086,932],{"class":81},[43,134088,134089],{"class":85},"oranges",[43,134091,82],{"class":81},[43,134093,3955],{"class":53},[43,134095,134096,134098,134100,134102,134104,134106,134108,134110,134112,134114],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,134097,1282],{"class":207},[43,134099,212],{"class":211},[43,134101,932],{"class":81},[43,134103,2534],{"class":85},[43,134105,82],{"class":81},[43,134107,315],{"class":53},[43,134109,133573],{"class":236},[43,134111,54],{"class":53},[43,134113,8135],{"class":236},[43,134115,227],{"class":53},[43,134117,134118],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,134119,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,134121,134122,134124,134126,134128],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,134123,50],{"class":49},[43,134125,54],{"class":53},[43,134127,1306],{"class":236},[43,134129,227],{"class":53},[14,134131,110],{},[34,134133,134135],{"className":36,"code":134134,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[18,134136,134137],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134138,134139,134141,134143,134146,134148],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134140,134071],{"class":207},[43,134142,800],{"class":53},[43,134144,134145],{"class":207}," bananas",[43,134147,800],{"class":53},[43,134149,134150],{"class":207}," oranges\n",[402,134152,134154],{"id":134153},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[34,134156,134158],{"className":36,"code":134157,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134159,134160,134217,134235,134239],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134161,134162,134164,134166,134168,134170,134173,134175,134177,134179,134181,134183,134185,134187,134189,134191,134193,134195,134197,134199,134201,134203,134205,134207,134209,134211,134213,134215],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134163,36414],{"class":207},[43,134165,212],{"class":211},[43,134167,3942],{"class":53},[43,134169,82],{"class":81},[43,134171,134172],{"class":85},"P",[43,134174,82],{"class":81},[43,134176,800],{"class":53},[43,134178,932],{"class":81},[43,134180,12063],{"class":85},[43,134182,82],{"class":81},[43,134184,800],{"class":53},[43,134186,932],{"class":81},[43,134188,63345],{"class":85},[43,134190,82],{"class":81},[43,134192,800],{"class":53},[43,134194,932],{"class":81},[43,134196,60496],{"class":85},[43,134198,82],{"class":81},[43,134200,800],{"class":53},[43,134202,932],{"class":81},[43,134204,60531],{"class":85},[43,134206,82],{"class":81},[43,134208,800],{"class":53},[43,134210,932],{"class":81},[43,134212,76089],{"class":85},[43,134214,82],{"class":81},[43,134216,3955],{"class":53},[43,134218,134219,134221,134223,134225,134227,134229,134231,134233],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,134220,1282],{"class":207},[43,134222,212],{"class":211},[43,134224,6453],{"class":81},[43,134226,315],{"class":53},[43,134228,133573],{"class":236},[43,134230,54],{"class":53},[43,134232,36467],{"class":236},[43,134234,227],{"class":53},[43,134236,134237],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,134238,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,134240,134241,134243,134245,134247],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,134242,50],{"class":49},[43,134244,54],{"class":53},[43,134246,1306],{"class":236},[43,134248,227],{"class":53},[14,134250,110],{},[34,134252,134254],{"className":36,"code":134253,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Python\n",[18,134255,134256],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134257,134258],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134259,134253],{"class":207},[402,134261,134263,134264,134266],{"id":134262},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[18,134265,133496],{}," returns the result",[34,134268,134270],{"className":36,"code":134269,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[18,134271,134272,134305,134328,134332],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134273,134274,134276,134278,134280,134282,134284,134286,134288,134290,134292,134294,134296,134298,134301,134303],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134275,4392],{"class":207},[43,134277,212],{"class":211},[43,134279,3942],{"class":53},[43,134281,82],{"class":81},[43,134283,6910],{"class":85},[43,134285,82],{"class":81},[43,134287,800],{"class":53},[43,134289,932],{"class":81},[43,134291,79330],{"class":85},[43,134293,82],{"class":81},[43,134295,800],{"class":53},[43,134297,932],{"class":81},[43,134299,134300],{"class":85},"three",[43,134302,82],{"class":81},[43,134304,3955],{"class":53},[43,134306,134307,134310,134312,134314,134316,134318,134320,134322,134324,134326],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,134308,134309],{"class":207},"joined_text ",[43,134311,212],{"class":211},[43,134313,932],{"class":81},[43,134315,444],{"class":85},[43,134317,82],{"class":81},[43,134319,315],{"class":53},[43,134321,133573],{"class":236},[43,134323,54],{"class":53},[43,134325,4436],{"class":236},[43,134327,227],{"class":53},[43,134329,134330],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,134331,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,134333,134334,134336,134338,134341],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,134335,50],{"class":49},[43,134337,54],{"class":53},[43,134339,134340],{"class":236},"joined_text",[43,134342,227],{"class":53},[14,134344,110],{},[34,134346,134348],{"className":36,"code":134347,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"one-two-three\n",[18,134349,134350],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134351,134352,134354,134356,134358,134360],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134353,6910],{"class":207},[43,134355,444],{"class":211},[43,134357,79330],{"class":207},[43,134359,444],{"class":211},[43,134361,134362],{"class":207},"three\n",[29,134364,134366],{"id":134365},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[14,134368,134369],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[402,134371,134373,134376],{"id":134372},"join-adds-spaces",[18,134374,134375],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[34,134378,134380],{"className":36,"code":134379,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[18,134381,134382,134406],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134383,134384,134386,134388,134390,134392,134394,134396,134398,134400,134402,134404],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134385,4392],{"class":207},[43,134387,212],{"class":211},[43,134389,3942],{"class":53},[43,134391,82],{"class":81},[43,134393,710],{"class":85},[43,134395,82],{"class":81},[43,134397,800],{"class":53},[43,134399,932],{"class":81},[43,134401,60649],{"class":85},[43,134403,82],{"class":81},[43,134405,3955],{"class":53},[43,134407,134408,134410,134412,134414,134416,134418,134420,134422,134424],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,134409,50],{"class":49},[43,134411,54],{"class":53},[43,134413,82],{"class":81},[43,134415,932],{"class":81},[43,134417,315],{"class":53},[43,134419,133573],{"class":236},[43,134421,54],{"class":53},[43,134423,4436],{"class":236},[43,134425,67],{"class":53},[14,134427,110],{},[34,134429,134431],{"className":36,"code":134430,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"hello world\n",[18,134432,134433],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134434,134435],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134436,134430],{"class":207},[402,134438,134440,134443],{"id":134439},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[18,134441,134442],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[34,134445,134447],{"className":36,"code":134446,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[18,134448,134449,134481],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134450,134451,134453,134455,134457,134459,134461,134463,134465,134467,134469,134471,134473,134475,134477,134479],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134452,13396],{"class":207},[43,134454,212],{"class":211},[43,134456,3942],{"class":53},[43,134458,82],{"class":81},[43,134460,13413],{"class":85},[43,134462,82],{"class":81},[43,134464,800],{"class":53},[43,134466,932],{"class":81},[43,134468,13430],{"class":85},[43,134470,82],{"class":81},[43,134472,800],{"class":53},[43,134474,932],{"class":81},[43,134476,17777],{"class":85},[43,134478,82],{"class":81},[43,134480,3955],{"class":53},[43,134482,134483,134485,134487,134489,134491,134493,134495,134497,134499,134501],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,134484,50],{"class":49},[43,134486,54],{"class":53},[43,134488,82],{"class":81},[43,134490,2534],{"class":85},[43,134492,82],{"class":81},[43,134494,315],{"class":53},[43,134496,133573],{"class":236},[43,134498,54],{"class":53},[43,134500,17824],{"class":236},[43,134502,67],{"class":53},[14,134504,110],{},[34,134506,134508],{"className":36,"code":134507,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"red, blue, green\n",[18,134509,134510],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134511,134512,134514,134516,134519,134521],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134513,13413],{"class":207},[43,134515,800],{"class":53},[43,134517,134518],{"class":207}," blue",[43,134520,800],{"class":53},[43,134522,36197],{"class":207},[14,134524,134525],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[402,134527,134529,134532],{"id":134528},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[18,134530,134531],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[34,134534,134536],{"className":36,"code":134535,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[18,134537,134538,134570],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134539,134540,134542,134544,134546,134548,134550,134552,134554,134556,134558,134560,134562,134564,134566,134568],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134541,42888],{"class":207},[43,134543,212],{"class":211},[43,134545,3942],{"class":53},[43,134547,82],{"class":81},[43,134549,38],{"class":85},[43,134551,82],{"class":81},[43,134553,800],{"class":53},[43,134555,932],{"class":81},[43,134557,61232],{"class":85},[43,134559,82],{"class":81},[43,134561,800],{"class":53},[43,134563,932],{"class":81},[43,134565,133573],{"class":85},[43,134567,82],{"class":81},[43,134569,3955],{"class":53},[43,134571,134572,134574,134576,134578,134580,134582,134584,134586,134588,134590],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,134573,50],{"class":49},[43,134575,54],{"class":53},[43,134577,82],{"class":81},[43,134579,444],{"class":85},[43,134581,82],{"class":81},[43,134583,315],{"class":53},[43,134585,133573],{"class":236},[43,134587,54],{"class":53},[43,134589,42920],{"class":236},[43,134591,67],{"class":53},[14,134593,110],{},[34,134595,134597],{"className":36,"code":134596,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"python-string-join\n",[18,134598,134599],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134600,134601,134603,134605,134607,134609],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134602,38],{"class":207},[43,134604,444],{"class":211},[43,134606,61232],{"class":207},[43,134608,444],{"class":211},[43,134610,134611],{"class":207},"join\n",[402,134613,134615,134618],{"id":134614},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[18,134616,134617],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[34,134620,134622],{"className":36,"code":134621,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[18,134623,134624,134657],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134625,134626,134628,134630,134632,134634,134636,134638,134640,134642,134644,134646,134648,134650,134653,134655],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134627,112993],{"class":207},[43,134629,212],{"class":211},[43,134631,3942],{"class":53},[43,134633,82],{"class":81},[43,134635,22568],{"class":85},[43,134637,82],{"class":81},[43,134639,800],{"class":53},[43,134641,932],{"class":81},[43,134643,30921],{"class":85},[43,134645,82],{"class":81},[43,134647,800],{"class":53},[43,134649,932],{"class":81},[43,134651,134652],{"class":85},"C",[43,134654,82],{"class":81},[43,134656,3955],{"class":53},[43,134658,134659,134661,134663,134665,134667,134669,134671,134674],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,134660,50],{"class":49},[43,134662,54],{"class":53},[43,134664,769],{"class":81},[43,134666,315],{"class":53},[43,134668,133573],{"class":236},[43,134670,54],{"class":53},[43,134672,134673],{"class":236},"chars",[43,134675,67],{"class":53},[14,134677,110],{},[34,134679,134681],{"className":36,"code":134680,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"ABC\n",[18,134682,134683],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134684,134685],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134686,134680],{"class":34776},[29,134688,134690],{"id":134689},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[14,134692,134693,134695],{},[18,134694,133496],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[402,134697,134699],{"id":134698},"this-works","This works",[34,134701,134703],{"className":36,"code":134702,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,134704,134705,134737],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134706,134707,134709,134711,134713,134715,134717,134719,134721,134723,134725,134727,134729,134731,134733,134735],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134708,4144],{"class":207},[43,134710,212],{"class":211},[43,134712,3942],{"class":53},[43,134714,82],{"class":81},[43,134716,512],{"class":85},[43,134718,82],{"class":81},[43,134720,800],{"class":53},[43,134722,932],{"class":81},[43,134724,16076],{"class":85},[43,134726,82],{"class":81},[43,134728,800],{"class":53},[43,134730,932],{"class":81},[43,134732,37166],{"class":85},[43,134734,82],{"class":81},[43,134736,3955],{"class":53},[43,134738,134739,134741,134743,134745,134747,134749,134751,134753,134755,134757],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,134740,50],{"class":49},[43,134742,54],{"class":53},[43,134744,82],{"class":81},[43,134746,2534],{"class":85},[43,134748,82],{"class":81},[43,134750,315],{"class":53},[43,134752,133573],{"class":236},[43,134754,54],{"class":53},[43,134756,5683],{"class":236},[43,134758,67],{"class":53},[14,134760,110],{},[34,134762,134764],{"className":36,"code":134763,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"10, 20, 30\n",[18,134765,134766],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134767,134768,134770,134772,134774,134776],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134769,512],{"class":63},[43,134771,800],{"class":53},[43,134773,8115],{"class":63},[43,134775,800],{"class":53},[43,134777,134778],{"class":63}," 30\n",[402,134780,134782],{"id":134781},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[34,134784,134786],{"className":36,"code":134785,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,134787,134788,134808],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134789,134790,134792,134794,134796,134798,134800,134802,134804,134806],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134791,4144],{"class":207},[43,134793,212],{"class":211},[43,134795,3942],{"class":53},[43,134797,797],{"class":63},[43,134799,800],{"class":53},[43,134801,803],{"class":63},[43,134803,800],{"class":53},[43,134805,808],{"class":63},[43,134807,3955],{"class":53},[43,134809,134810,134812,134814,134816,134818,134820,134822,134824,134826,134828],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,134811,50],{"class":49},[43,134813,54],{"class":53},[43,134815,82],{"class":81},[43,134817,2534],{"class":85},[43,134819,82],{"class":81},[43,134821,315],{"class":53},[43,134823,133573],{"class":236},[43,134825,54],{"class":53},[43,134827,5683],{"class":236},[43,134829,67],{"class":53},[14,134831,90370,134832,134834],{},[18,134833,823],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[14,134836,134837],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[34,134839,134841],{"className":36,"code":134840,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134842,134843,134863,134893,134897],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134844,134845,134847,134849,134851,134853,134855,134857,134859,134861],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134846,4144],{"class":207},[43,134848,212],{"class":211},[43,134850,3942],{"class":53},[43,134852,797],{"class":63},[43,134854,800],{"class":53},[43,134856,803],{"class":63},[43,134858,800],{"class":53},[43,134860,808],{"class":63},[43,134862,3955],{"class":53},[43,134864,134865,134867,134869,134871,134873,134875,134877,134879,134881,134883,134885,134887,134889,134891],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,134866,1282],{"class":207},[43,134868,212],{"class":211},[43,134870,932],{"class":81},[43,134872,2534],{"class":85},[43,134874,82],{"class":81},[43,134876,315],{"class":53},[43,134878,133573],{"class":236},[43,134880,54],{"class":53},[43,134882,40186],{"class":49},[43,134884,54],{"class":53},[43,134886,1038],{"class":57},[43,134888,800],{"class":53},[43,134890,4206],{"class":236},[43,134892,67],{"class":53},[43,134894,134895],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,134896,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,134898,134899,134901,134903,134905],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,134900,50],{"class":49},[43,134902,54],{"class":53},[43,134904,1306],{"class":236},[43,134906,227],{"class":53},[14,134908,110],{},[34,134910,134912],{"className":36,"code":134911,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"1, 2, 3\n",[18,134913,134914],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134915,134916,134918,134920,134922,134924],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134917,797],{"class":63},[43,134919,800],{"class":53},[43,134921,803],{"class":63},[43,134923,800],{"class":53},[43,134925,2907],{"class":63},[14,134927,134928,134929,315],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[189,134930,3894,134931,3827],{"href":2240},[18,134932,47737],{},[402,134934,134936,134938],{"id":134935},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[18,134937,4099],{}," values do not work directly",[34,134940,134942],{"className":36,"code":134941,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,134943,134944,134972],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,134945,134946,134948,134950,134952,134954,134956,134958,134960,134962,134964,134966,134968,134970],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,134947,4144],{"class":207},[43,134949,212],{"class":211},[43,134951,3942],{"class":53},[43,134953,82],{"class":81},[43,134955,4401],{"class":85},[43,134957,82],{"class":81},[43,134959,800],{"class":53},[43,134961,4173],{"class":104},[43,134963,800],{"class":53},[43,134965,932],{"class":81},[43,134967,4410],{"class":85},[43,134969,82],{"class":81},[43,134971,3955],{"class":53},[43,134973,134974,134976,134978,134980,134982,134984,134986,134988,134990,134992],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,134975,50],{"class":49},[43,134977,54],{"class":53},[43,134979,82],{"class":81},[43,134981,2534],{"class":85},[43,134983,82],{"class":81},[43,134985,315],{"class":53},[43,134987,133573],{"class":236},[43,134989,54],{"class":53},[43,134991,5683],{"class":236},[43,134993,67],{"class":53},[14,134995,134996,134997,315],{},"This also causes a ",[18,134998,823],{},[14,135000,135001],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[34,135003,135005],{"className":36,"code":135004,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135006,135007,135035,135065,135069],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135008,135009,135011,135013,135015,135017,135019,135021,135023,135025,135027,135029,135031,135033],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135010,4144],{"class":207},[43,135012,212],{"class":211},[43,135014,3942],{"class":53},[43,135016,82],{"class":81},[43,135018,4401],{"class":85},[43,135020,82],{"class":81},[43,135022,800],{"class":53},[43,135024,4173],{"class":104},[43,135026,800],{"class":53},[43,135028,932],{"class":81},[43,135030,4410],{"class":85},[43,135032,82],{"class":81},[43,135034,3955],{"class":53},[43,135036,135037,135039,135041,135043,135045,135047,135049,135051,135053,135055,135057,135059,135061,135063],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,135038,1282],{"class":207},[43,135040,212],{"class":211},[43,135042,932],{"class":81},[43,135044,2534],{"class":85},[43,135046,82],{"class":81},[43,135048,315],{"class":53},[43,135050,133573],{"class":236},[43,135052,54],{"class":53},[43,135054,40186],{"class":49},[43,135056,54],{"class":53},[43,135058,1038],{"class":57},[43,135060,800],{"class":53},[43,135062,4206],{"class":236},[43,135064,67],{"class":53},[43,135066,135067],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,135068,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,135070,135071,135073,135075,135077],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,135072,50],{"class":49},[43,135074,54],{"class":53},[43,135076,1306],{"class":236},[43,135078,227],{"class":53},[14,135080,110],{},[34,135082,135084],{"className":36,"code":135083,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"apple, None, banana\n",[18,135085,135086],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135087,135088,135090,135092,135094,135096],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135089,4401],{"class":207},[43,135091,800],{"class":53},[43,135093,4173],{"class":104},[43,135095,800],{"class":53},[43,135097,135098],{"class":207}," banana\n",[14,135100,135101,135102,135104],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[18,135103,4099],{}," values instead of converting them.",[402,135106,135108,135110],{"id":135107},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[18,135109,133496],{}," also works with tuples",[34,135112,135114],{"className":36,"code":135113,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[18,135115,135116,135148],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135117,135118,135120,135122,135124,135126,135128,135130,135132,135134,135136,135138,135140,135142,135144,135146],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135119,5318],{"class":207},[43,135121,212],{"class":211},[43,135123,9552],{"class":53},[43,135125,82],{"class":81},[43,135127,8001],{"class":85},[43,135129,82],{"class":81},[43,135131,800],{"class":53},[43,135133,932],{"class":81},[43,135135,131502],{"class":85},[43,135137,82],{"class":81},[43,135139,800],{"class":53},[43,135141,932],{"class":81},[43,135143,8247],{"class":85},[43,135145,82],{"class":81},[43,135147,227],{"class":53},[43,135149,135150,135152,135154,135156,135159,135161,135163,135165,135167,135169],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,135151,50],{"class":49},[43,135153,54],{"class":53},[43,135155,82],{"class":81},[43,135157,135158],{"class":85}," \u002F ",[43,135160,82],{"class":81},[43,135162,315],{"class":53},[43,135164,133573],{"class":236},[43,135166,54],{"class":53},[43,135168,5362],{"class":236},[43,135170,67],{"class":53},[14,135172,110],{},[34,135174,135176],{"className":36,"code":135175,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[18,135177,135178],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135179,135180,135183,135185,135188,135190],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135181,135182],{"class":207},"Sam ",[43,135184,127306],{"class":211},[43,135186,135187],{"class":207}," Lee ",[43,135189,127306],{"class":211},[43,135191,22657],{"class":207},[29,135193,135195,135196],{"id":135194},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[18,135197,133496],{},[14,135199,135200],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[402,135202,135204,135205,135207],{"id":135203},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[18,135206,823],{}," because not all items are strings",[34,135209,135211],{"className":36,"code":135210,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[18,135212,135213,135241],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135214,135215,135217,135219,135221,135223,135225,135227,135229,135231,135233,135235,135237,135239],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135216,8104],{"class":207},[43,135218,212],{"class":211},[43,135220,3942],{"class":53},[43,135222,82],{"class":81},[43,135224,189],{"class":85},[43,135226,82],{"class":81},[43,135228,800],{"class":53},[43,135230,803],{"class":63},[43,135232,800],{"class":53},[43,135234,932],{"class":81},[43,135236,10055],{"class":85},[43,135238,82],{"class":81},[43,135240,3955],{"class":53},[43,135242,135243,135245,135247,135249,135251,135253,135255,135257,135259],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,135244,50],{"class":49},[43,135246,54],{"class":53},[43,135248,82],{"class":81},[43,135250,932],{"class":81},[43,135252,315],{"class":53},[43,135254,133573],{"class":236},[43,135256,54],{"class":53},[43,135258,8135],{"class":236},[43,135260,67],{"class":53},[14,135262,48564,135263,135265],{},[18,135264,447],{}," is an integer.",[14,135267,39588],{},[34,135269,135271],{"className":36,"code":135270,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[18,135272,135273,135301],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135274,135275,135277,135279,135281,135283,135285,135287,135289,135291,135293,135295,135297,135299],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135276,8104],{"class":207},[43,135278,212],{"class":211},[43,135280,3942],{"class":53},[43,135282,82],{"class":81},[43,135284,189],{"class":85},[43,135286,82],{"class":81},[43,135288,800],{"class":53},[43,135290,803],{"class":63},[43,135292,800],{"class":53},[43,135294,932],{"class":81},[43,135296,10055],{"class":85},[43,135298,82],{"class":81},[43,135300,3955],{"class":53},[43,135302,135303,135305,135307,135309,135311,135313,135315,135317,135319,135321,135323,135325,135327],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,135304,50],{"class":49},[43,135306,54],{"class":53},[43,135308,82],{"class":81},[43,135310,932],{"class":81},[43,135312,315],{"class":53},[43,135314,133573],{"class":236},[43,135316,54],{"class":53},[43,135318,40186],{"class":49},[43,135320,54],{"class":53},[43,135322,1038],{"class":57},[43,135324,800],{"class":53},[43,135326,6292],{"class":236},[43,135328,3239],{"class":53},[14,135330,135331,135332,315],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[189,135333,26003,135335],{"href":135334},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[18,135336,135337],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[402,135339,135341,135342,135344],{"id":135340},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[18,135343,133496],{}," on a list instead of a string",[14,135346,4849],{},[34,135348,135350],{"className":36,"code":135349,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[18,135351,135352,135384],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135353,135354,135356,135358,135360,135362,135364,135366,135368,135370,135372,135374,135376,135378,135380,135382],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135355,4392],{"class":207},[43,135357,212],{"class":211},[43,135359,3942],{"class":53},[43,135361,82],{"class":81},[43,135363,7621],{"class":85},[43,135365,82],{"class":81},[43,135367,800],{"class":53},[43,135369,932],{"class":81},[43,135371,12512],{"class":85},[43,135373,82],{"class":81},[43,135375,800],{"class":53},[43,135377,932],{"class":81},[43,135379,133554],{"class":85},[43,135381,82],{"class":81},[43,135383,3955],{"class":53},[43,135385,135386,135388,135390,135392,135394,135396,135398,135400,135402],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,135387,1282],{"class":207},[43,135389,212],{"class":211},[43,135391,6495],{"class":207},[43,135393,315],{"class":53},[43,135395,133573],{"class":236},[43,135397,54],{"class":53},[43,135399,82],{"class":81},[43,135401,932],{"class":81},[43,135403,227],{"class":53},[14,135405,135406,135408],{},[18,135407,133496],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[14,135410,11122],{},[34,135412,135414],{"className":36,"code":135413,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135415,135416,135448,135468,135472],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135417,135418,135420,135422,135424,135426,135428,135430,135432,135434,135436,135438,135440,135442,135444,135446],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135419,4392],{"class":207},[43,135421,212],{"class":211},[43,135423,3942],{"class":53},[43,135425,82],{"class":81},[43,135427,7621],{"class":85},[43,135429,82],{"class":81},[43,135431,800],{"class":53},[43,135433,932],{"class":81},[43,135435,12512],{"class":85},[43,135437,82],{"class":81},[43,135439,800],{"class":53},[43,135441,932],{"class":81},[43,135443,133554],{"class":85},[43,135445,82],{"class":81},[43,135447,3955],{"class":53},[43,135449,135450,135452,135454,135456,135458,135460,135462,135464,135466],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,135451,1282],{"class":207},[43,135453,212],{"class":211},[43,135455,932],{"class":81},[43,135457,932],{"class":81},[43,135459,315],{"class":53},[43,135461,133573],{"class":236},[43,135463,54],{"class":53},[43,135465,4436],{"class":236},[43,135467,227],{"class":53},[43,135469,135470],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,135471,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,135473,135474,135476,135478,135480],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,135475,50],{"class":49},[43,135477,54],{"class":53},[43,135479,1306],{"class":236},[43,135481,227],{"class":53},[402,135483,135485],{"id":135484},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[34,135487,135489],{"className":36,"code":135488,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[18,135490,135491,135523],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135492,135493,135495,135497,135499,135501,135503,135505,135507,135509,135511,135513,135515,135517,135519,135521],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135494,4392],{"class":207},[43,135496,212],{"class":211},[43,135498,3942],{"class":53},[43,135500,82],{"class":81},[43,135502,6910],{"class":85},[43,135504,82],{"class":81},[43,135506,800],{"class":53},[43,135508,932],{"class":81},[43,135510,79330],{"class":85},[43,135512,82],{"class":81},[43,135514,800],{"class":53},[43,135516,932],{"class":81},[43,135518,134300],{"class":85},[43,135520,82],{"class":81},[43,135522,3955],{"class":53},[43,135524,135525,135527,135529,135531,135533,135535,135537,135539],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,135526,50],{"class":49},[43,135528,54],{"class":53},[43,135530,769],{"class":81},[43,135532,315],{"class":53},[43,135534,133573],{"class":236},[43,135536,54],{"class":53},[43,135538,4436],{"class":236},[43,135540,67],{"class":53},[14,135542,110],{},[34,135544,135546],{"className":36,"code":135545,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"onetwothree\n",[18,135547,135548],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135549,135550],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135551,135545],{"class":207},[14,135553,135554,135555,6956],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[18,135556,133641],{},[402,135558,135560,135561,131764],{"id":135559},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[18,135562,133496],{},[34,135564,135566],{"className":36,"code":135565,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,135567,135568,135600,135618,135622],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135569,135570,135572,135574,135576,135578,135580,135582,135584,135586,135588,135590,135592,135594,135596,135598],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135571,4392],{"class":207},[43,135573,212],{"class":211},[43,135575,3942],{"class":53},[43,135577,82],{"class":81},[43,135579,189],{"class":85},[43,135581,82],{"class":81},[43,135583,800],{"class":53},[43,135585,932],{"class":81},[43,135587,1231],{"class":85},[43,135589,82],{"class":81},[43,135591,800],{"class":53},[43,135593,932],{"class":81},[43,135595,10055],{"class":85},[43,135597,82],{"class":81},[43,135599,3955],{"class":53},[43,135601,135602,135604,135606,135608,135610,135612,135614,135616],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,135603,82],{"class":43380},[43,135605,444],{"class":43384},[43,135607,82],{"class":43380},[43,135609,315],{"class":53},[43,135611,133573],{"class":236},[43,135613,54],{"class":53},[43,135615,4436],{"class":236},[43,135617,227],{"class":53},[43,135619,135620],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,135621,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,135623,135624,135626,135628,135630],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,135625,50],{"class":49},[43,135627,54],{"class":53},[43,135629,4436],{"class":236},[43,135631,227],{"class":53},[14,135633,110],{},[34,135635,135636],{"className":36,"code":42927,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,135637,135638],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135639,135640,135642,135644,135646,135648,135650,135652,135654,135656,135658,135660,135662,135664],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135641,4221],{"class":53},[43,135643,283],{"class":81},[43,135645,189],{"class":85},[43,135647,283],{"class":81},[43,135649,800],{"class":53},[43,135651,278],{"class":81},[43,135653,1231],{"class":85},[43,135655,283],{"class":81},[43,135657,800],{"class":53},[43,135659,278],{"class":81},[43,135661,10055],{"class":85},[43,135663,283],{"class":81},[43,135665,3955],{"class":53},[14,135667,135668,135669,135671],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[18,135670,133496],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[29,135673,135675,135677,135678],{"id":135674},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[18,135676,133496],{}," vs concatenation with ",[18,135679,2406],{},[14,135681,2004,135682,895,135684,135686],{},[18,135683,133496],{},[18,135685,2406],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[402,135688,133,135690,135692],{"id":135689},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[18,135691,2406],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[34,135694,135696],{"className":36,"code":135695,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135697,135698,135711,135724,135744,135748],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135699,135700,135703,135705,135707,135709],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135701,135702],{"class":207},"first ",[43,135704,212],{"class":211},[43,135706,932],{"class":81},[43,135708,35189],{"class":85},[43,135710,938],{"class":81},[43,135712,135713,135716,135718,135720,135722],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,135714,135715],{"class":207},"second ",[43,135717,212],{"class":211},[43,135719,932],{"class":81},[43,135721,89799],{"class":85},[43,135723,938],{"class":81},[43,135725,135726,135728,135730,135733,135735,135737,135739,135741],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,135727,1282],{"class":207},[43,135729,212],{"class":211},[43,135731,135732],{"class":207}," first ",[43,135734,2406],{"class":211},[43,135736,932],{"class":81},[43,135738,932],{"class":81},[43,135740,1224],{"class":211},[43,135742,135743],{"class":207}," second\n",[43,135745,135746],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,135747,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,135749,135750,135752,135754,135756],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,135751,50],{"class":49},[43,135753,54],{"class":53},[43,135755,1306],{"class":236},[43,135757,227],{"class":53},[14,135759,110],{},[34,135761,135763],{"className":36,"code":135762,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Hello World\n",[18,135764,135765],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135766,135767],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135768,135762],{"class":207},[402,135770,133,135772,135774],{"id":135771},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[18,135773,133496],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[34,135776,135778],{"className":36,"code":135777,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135779,135780,135822,135842,135846],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135781,135782,135784,135786,135788,135790,135792,135794,135796,135798,135801,135803,135805,135807,135810,135812,135814,135816,135818,135820],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135783,4392],{"class":207},[43,135785,212],{"class":211},[43,135787,3942],{"class":53},[43,135789,82],{"class":81},[43,135791,7621],{"class":85},[43,135793,82],{"class":81},[43,135795,800],{"class":53},[43,135797,932],{"class":81},[43,135799,135800],{"class":85},"makes",[43,135802,82],{"class":81},[43,135804,800],{"class":53},[43,135806,932],{"class":81},[43,135808,135809],{"class":85},"this",[43,135811,82],{"class":81},[43,135813,800],{"class":53},[43,135815,932],{"class":81},[43,135817,133995],{"class":85},[43,135819,82],{"class":81},[43,135821,3955],{"class":53},[43,135823,135824,135826,135828,135830,135832,135834,135836,135838,135840],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,135825,1282],{"class":207},[43,135827,212],{"class":211},[43,135829,932],{"class":81},[43,135831,932],{"class":81},[43,135833,315],{"class":53},[43,135835,133573],{"class":236},[43,135837,54],{"class":53},[43,135839,4436],{"class":236},[43,135841,227],{"class":53},[43,135843,135844],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,135845,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,135847,135848,135850,135852,135854],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,135849,50],{"class":49},[43,135851,54],{"class":53},[43,135853,1306],{"class":236},[43,135855,227],{"class":53},[14,135857,110],{},[34,135859,135861],{"className":36,"code":135860,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Python makes this easy\n",[18,135862,135863],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135864,135865],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135866,135860],{"class":207},[14,135868,135869,135871],{},[18,135870,133496],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[150,135873,135874,135877,135880],{},[153,135875,135876],{},"You already have a list of strings",[153,135878,135879],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[153,135881,135882,135883,135885],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[18,135884,2406],{}," operators",[14,135887,135888,135889,315],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[189,135890,135892],{"href":135891},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[29,135894,135896],{"id":135895},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[14,135898,9194,135899,135901],{},[18,135900,133496],{}," is not working, check these first:",[150,135903,135904,135907,135912,135921,135927],{},[153,135905,135906],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[153,135908,135909,135910],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[18,135911,4099],{},[153,135913,135914,135915,11407,135918],{},"You may have written ",[18,135916,135917],{},"list.join(...)",[18,135919,135920],{},"string.join(...)",[153,135922,135923,135924,135926],{},"You may be expecting ",[18,135925,133496],{}," to change the original iterable",[153,135928,135929],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[14,135931,94439],{},[34,135933,135935],{"className":36,"code":135934,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[18,135936,135937,135951,135961,135985,136025],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,135938,135939,135941,135943,135945,135947,135949],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,135940,50],{"class":49},[43,135942,54],{"class":53},[43,135944,248],{"class":57},[43,135946,54],{"class":53},[43,135948,8135],{"class":236},[43,135950,67],{"class":53},[43,135952,135953,135955,135957,135959],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,135954,50],{"class":49},[43,135956,54],{"class":53},[43,135958,8135],{"class":236},[43,135960,227],{"class":53},[43,135962,135963,135965,135967,135969,135971,135973,135975,135977,135979,135981,135983],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,135964,50],{"class":49},[43,135966,794],{"class":53},[43,135968,248],{"class":57},[43,135970,54],{"class":53},[43,135972,23634],{"class":236},[43,135974,1221],{"class":53},[43,135976,4197],{"class":1927},[43,135978,6287],{"class":236},[43,135980,4203],{"class":1927},[43,135982,6292],{"class":236},[43,135984,4209],{"class":53},[43,135986,135987,135989,135991,135993,135995,135997,135999,136001,136003,136005,136007,136009,136011,136013,136015,136017,136019,136021,136023],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,135988,50],{"class":49},[43,135990,54],{"class":53},[43,135992,283],{"class":81},[43,135994,278],{"class":81},[43,135996,315],{"class":53},[43,135998,133573],{"class":236},[43,136000,794],{"class":53},[43,136002,283],{"class":81},[43,136004,189],{"class":85},[43,136006,283],{"class":81},[43,136008,800],{"class":53},[43,136010,278],{"class":81},[43,136012,1231],{"class":85},[43,136014,283],{"class":81},[43,136016,800],{"class":53},[43,136018,278],{"class":81},[43,136020,10055],{"class":85},[43,136022,283],{"class":81},[43,136024,811],{"class":53},[43,136026,136027,136029,136031,136033,136035,136037,136039,136041,136043,136045,136047,136049,136051,136053,136055,136057,136059,136061,136063],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,136028,50],{"class":49},[43,136030,54],{"class":53},[43,136032,283],{"class":81},[43,136034,2534],{"class":85},[43,136036,283],{"class":81},[43,136038,315],{"class":53},[43,136040,133573],{"class":236},[43,136042,54],{"class":53},[43,136044,40186],{"class":49},[43,136046,54],{"class":53},[43,136048,1038],{"class":57},[43,136050,800],{"class":53},[43,136052,3942],{"class":53},[43,136054,797],{"class":63},[43,136056,800],{"class":53},[43,136058,803],{"class":63},[43,136060,800],{"class":53},[43,136062,808],{"class":63},[43,136064,37590],{"class":53},[14,136066,136067],{},"What these checks do:",[150,136069,136070,136078,136084,136090,136099],{},[153,136071,136072,136075,136076,8421],{},[18,136073,136074],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[18,136077,8135],{},[153,136079,136080,136083],{},[18,136081,136082],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[153,136085,136086,136089],{},[18,136087,136088],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[153,136091,136092,136095,136096,136098],{},[18,136093,136094],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[18,136097,133496],{}," behavior",[153,136100,136101,136104],{},[18,136102,136103],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[29,136106,2162],{"id":2161},[402,136108,13023,136110,136112],{"id":136109},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[18,136111,133496],{}," work with numbers?",[14,136114,136115,136116,136118,136119,315],{},"Not directly. ",[18,136117,133496],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[18,136120,136121],{},"map(str, values)",[402,136123,13023,136125,57220],{"id":136124},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[18,136126,133496],{},[14,136128,136129],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[402,136131,28653,136133,62693],{"id":136132},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[18,136134,133496],{},[14,136136,2215,136137,136139],{},[18,136138,133496],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[402,136141,5466,136143,40286],{"id":136142},"what-does-joinwords-do",[18,136144,136145],{},"''.join(words)",[14,136147,136148],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[402,136150,136152,136153,136155,136156,2822],{"id":136151},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[18,136154,823],{}," when using ",[18,136157,133496],{},[14,136159,136160],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[29,136162,2229],{"id":2228},[150,136164,136165,136170,136176,136182,136188],{},[153,136166,136167],{},[189,136168,136169],{"href":135891},"How to join strings in Python",[153,136171,136172],{},[189,136173,126414,136174,11055],{"href":129101},[18,136175,60589],{},[153,136177,136178],{},[189,136179,3894,136180,3827],{"href":2240},[18,136181,47737],{},[153,136183,136184],{},[189,136185,30668,136186],{"href":135334},[18,136187,135337],{},[153,136189,136190],{},[189,136191,125169],{"href":51030},[14,136193,97409,136194,136196],{},[18,136195,133496],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2262,136198,136199],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":136201},[136202,136203,136205,136208,136215,136225,136233,136243,136250,136251,136263],{"id":3926,"depth":70,"text":3927},{"id":133613,"depth":70,"text":136204},"What join() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290,"children":136206},[136207],{"id":49063,"depth":93,"text":49064},{"id":121944,"depth":70,"text":121945,"children":136209},[136210,136211,136212,136213],{"id":133960,"depth":93,"text":133961},{"id":134052,"depth":93,"text":134053},{"id":134153,"depth":93,"text":134154},{"id":134262,"depth":93,"text":136214},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134365,"depth":70,"text":134366,"children":136216},[136217,136219,136221,136223],{"id":134372,"depth":93,"text":136218},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134439,"depth":93,"text":136220},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134528,"depth":93,"text":136222},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134614,"depth":93,"text":136224},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134689,"depth":70,"text":134690,"children":136226},[136227,136228,136229,136231],{"id":134698,"depth":93,"text":134699},{"id":134781,"depth":93,"text":134782},{"id":134935,"depth":93,"text":136230},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135107,"depth":93,"text":136232},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135194,"depth":70,"text":136234,"children":136235},"Common errors with join()",[136236,136238,136240,136241],{"id":135203,"depth":93,"text":136237},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135340,"depth":93,"text":136239},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135484,"depth":93,"text":135485},{"id":135559,"depth":93,"text":136242},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135674,"depth":70,"text":136244,"children":136245},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136246,136248],{"id":135689,"depth":93,"text":136247},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135771,"depth":93,"text":136249},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135895,"depth":70,"text":135896},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":136252},[136253,136255,136257,136259,136261],{"id":136109,"depth":93,"text":136254},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136124,"depth":93,"text":136256},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136132,"depth":93,"text":136258},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136142,"depth":93,"text":136260},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136151,"depth":93,"text":136262},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133488,"description":136264},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136271,"title":136272,"body":136273,"description":137841,"extension":2312,"meta":137842,"navigation":958,"path":137843,"seo":137844,"stem":137845,"__hash__":137846},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136274,"toc":137808},[136275,136280,136285,136287,136301,136346,136353,136358,136363,136365,136381,136390,136392,136394,136409,136411,136421,136423,136485,136487,136490,136551,136553,136569,136571,136584,136587,136634,136636,136642,136645,136648,136708,136716,136802,136806,136811,136813,136827,136830,136915,136918,136976,136987,137042,137044,137051,137057,137063,137107,137110,137157,137159,137161,137168,137170,137201,137204,137206,137237,137241,137244,137246,137286,137288,137331,137337,137342,137344,137371,137376,137379,137428,137432,137435,137510,137521,137524,137581,137588,137594,137602,137607,137614,137621,137639,137641,137695,137703,137705,137710,137713,137719,137725,137730,137733,137739,137745,137752,137760,137762,137805],[10,136276,123414,136278,11638],{"id":136277},"python-string-lower-method",[18,136279,124144],{},[14,136281,123419,136282,136284],{},[18,136283,124144],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[14,136286,24411],{},[150,136288,136289,136292,136295,136298],{},[153,136290,136291],{},"convert text to lowercase",[153,136293,136294],{},"compare text without case differences",[153,136296,136297],{},"clean up user input",[153,136299,136300],{},"make simple text matching easier",[34,136302,136304],{"className":36,"code":136303,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[18,136305,136306,136319,136333],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,136307,136308,136310,136312,136314,136317],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,136309,927],{"class":207},[43,136311,212],{"class":211},[43,136313,932],{"class":81},[43,136315,136316],{"class":85},"Hello WORLD",[43,136318,938],{"class":81},[43,136320,136321,136323,136325,136327,136329,136331],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,136322,1282],{"class":207},[43,136324,212],{"class":211},[43,136326,42893],{"class":207},[43,136328,315],{"class":53},[43,136330,8959],{"class":236},[43,136332,1728],{"class":53},[43,136334,136335,136337,136339,136341,136343],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,136336,50],{"class":49},[43,136338,54],{"class":53},[43,136340,1306],{"class":236},[43,136342,1221],{"class":53},[43,136344,136345],{"class":3984},"  # hello world\n",[14,136347,136348,89022,136350,136352],{},[913,136349,83880],{},[18,136351,124144],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[29,136354,3998,136356,4001],{"id":136355},"what-lower-does",[18,136357,124144],{},[14,136359,136360,136362],{},[18,136361,124144],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[14,136364,13372],{},[150,136366,136367,136372,136375,136378],{},[153,136368,136369,136371],{},[18,136370,124144],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[153,136373,136374],{},"It works on string objects",[153,136376,136377],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[153,136379,136380],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[14,136382,125166,136383,136387,136388,315],{},[189,136384,136386],{"href":136385},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[189,136389,51031],{"href":51030},[29,136391,290],{"id":289},[14,136393,2505],{},[34,136395,136397],{"className":36,"code":136396,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"string.lower()\n",[18,136398,136399],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,136400,136401,136403,136405,136407],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,136402,61232],{"class":207},[43,136404,315],{"class":53},[43,136406,8959],{"class":236},[43,136408,1728],{"class":53},[14,136410,43702],{},[150,136412,136413,136415,136418],{},[153,136414,97587],{},[153,136416,136417],{},"You call it directly on a string",[153,136419,136420],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[14,136422,197],{},[34,136424,136426],{"className":36,"code":136425,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[18,136427,136428,136451,136455,136468],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,136429,136430,136432,136434,136436,136439,136441,136443,136445,136448],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,136431,50],{"class":49},[43,136433,54],{"class":53},[43,136435,82],{"class":81},[43,136437,136438],{"class":85},"HELLO",[43,136440,82],{"class":81},[43,136442,315],{"class":53},[43,136444,8959],{"class":236},[43,136446,136447],{"class":53},"())",[43,136449,136450],{"class":3984},"  # hello\n",[43,136452,136453],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,136454,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,136456,136457,136459,136461,136463,136466],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,136458,8202],{"class":207},[43,136460,212],{"class":211},[43,136462,932],{"class":81},[43,136464,136465],{"class":85},"PyThOn",[43,136467,938],{"class":81},[43,136469,136470,136472,136474,136476,136478,136480,136482],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,136471,50],{"class":49},[43,136473,54],{"class":53},[43,136475,7992],{"class":236},[43,136477,315],{"class":53},[43,136479,8959],{"class":236},[43,136481,136447],{"class":53},[43,136483,136484],{"class":3984},"  # python\n",[29,136486,11792],{"id":11791},[14,136488,136489],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[34,136491,136493],{"className":36,"code":136492,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[18,136494,136495,136507,136511,136526,136530,136541],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,136496,136497,136499,136501,136503,136505],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,136498,927],{"class":207},[43,136500,212],{"class":211},[43,136502,932],{"class":81},[43,136504,136316],{"class":85},[43,136506,938],{"class":81},[43,136508,136509],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,136510,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,136512,136513,136516,136518,136520,136522,136524],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,136514,136515],{"class":207},"lower_text ",[43,136517,212],{"class":211},[43,136519,42893],{"class":207},[43,136521,315],{"class":53},[43,136523,8959],{"class":236},[43,136525,1728],{"class":53},[43,136527,136528],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,136529,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,136531,136532,136534,136536,136539],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,136533,50],{"class":49},[43,136535,54],{"class":53},[43,136537,136538],{"class":236},"lower_text",[43,136540,227],{"class":53},[43,136542,136543,136545,136547,136549],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,136544,50],{"class":49},[43,136546,54],{"class":53},[43,136548,951],{"class":236},[43,136550,227],{"class":53},[14,136552,110],{},[34,136554,136556],{"className":36,"code":136555,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[18,136557,136558,136562],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,136559,136560],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,136561,134430],{"class":207},[43,136563,136564,136566],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,136565,131830],{"class":207},[43,136567,136568],{"class":34776},"WORLD\n",[14,136570,24931],{},[150,136572,136573,136578],{},[153,136574,136575,136577],{},[18,136576,124144],{}," returns the lowercase result",[153,136579,136580,136581,136583],{},"the original ",[18,136582,951],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[14,136585,136586],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[34,136588,136590],{"className":36,"code":136589,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[18,136591,136592,136604,136618,136622],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,136593,136594,136596,136598,136600,136602],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,136595,927],{"class":207},[43,136597,212],{"class":211},[43,136599,932],{"class":81},[43,136601,136316],{"class":85},[43,136603,938],{"class":81},[43,136605,136606,136608,136610,136612,136614,136616],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,136607,927],{"class":207},[43,136609,212],{"class":211},[43,136611,42893],{"class":207},[43,136613,315],{"class":53},[43,136615,8959],{"class":236},[43,136617,1728],{"class":53},[43,136619,136620],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,136621,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,136623,136624,136626,136628,136630,136632],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,136625,50],{"class":49},[43,136627,54],{"class":53},[43,136629,951],{"class":236},[43,136631,1221],{"class":53},[43,136633,136345],{"class":3984},[29,136635,903],{"id":902},[14,136637,136638,22298,136640,315],{},[18,136639,124144],{},[913,136641,61232],{},[14,136643,136644],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[14,136646,136647],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[34,136649,136651],{"className":36,"code":136650,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[18,136652,136653,136667,136671,136694],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,136654,136655,136658,136660,136662,136665],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,136656,136657],{"class":207},"answer ",[43,136659,212],{"class":211},[43,136661,932],{"class":81},[43,136663,136664],{"class":85},"YES",[43,136666,938],{"class":81},[43,136668,136669],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,136670,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,136672,136673,136675,136678,136680,136682,136684,136686,136688,136690,136692],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,136674,7323],{"class":1927},[43,136676,136677],{"class":207}," answer",[43,136679,315],{"class":53},[43,136681,8959],{"class":236},[43,136683,830],{"class":53},[43,136685,6734],{"class":211},[43,136687,932],{"class":81},[43,136689,8976],{"class":85},[43,136691,82],{"class":81},[43,136693,1931],{"class":53},[43,136695,136696,136698,136700,136702,136704,136706],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,136697,1951],{"class":49},[43,136699,54],{"class":53},[43,136701,82],{"class":81},[43,136703,96896],{"class":85},[43,136705,82],{"class":81},[43,136707,227],{"class":53},[14,136709,136710,136711,325],{},"This is especially useful with ",[189,136712,136713,136714,1078],{"href":191},"the ",[18,136715,194],{},[34,136717,136719],{"className":36,"code":136718,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[18,136720,136721,136740,136744,136766,136781,136787],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,136722,136723,136725,136727,136729,136731,136733,136736,136738],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,136724,136657],{"class":207},[43,136726,212],{"class":211},[43,136728,1096],{"class":49},[43,136730,54],{"class":53},[43,136732,82],{"class":81},[43,136734,136735],{"class":85},"Type yes or no: ",[43,136737,82],{"class":81},[43,136739,227],{"class":53},[43,136741,136742],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,136743,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,136745,136746,136748,136750,136752,136754,136756,136758,136760,136762,136764],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,136747,7323],{"class":1927},[43,136749,136677],{"class":207},[43,136751,315],{"class":53},[43,136753,8959],{"class":236},[43,136755,830],{"class":53},[43,136757,6734],{"class":211},[43,136759,932],{"class":81},[43,136761,8976],{"class":85},[43,136763,82],{"class":81},[43,136765,1931],{"class":53},[43,136767,136768,136770,136772,136774,136777,136779],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,136769,1951],{"class":49},[43,136771,54],{"class":53},[43,136773,82],{"class":81},[43,136775,136776],{"class":85},"You typed yes",[43,136778,82],{"class":81},[43,136780,227],{"class":53},[43,136782,136783,136785],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,136784,27758],{"class":1927},[43,136786,1931],{"class":53},[43,136788,136789,136791,136793,136795,136798,136800],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,136790,1951],{"class":49},[43,136792,54],{"class":53},[43,136794,82],{"class":81},[43,136796,136797],{"class":85},"You typed something else",[43,136799,82],{"class":81},[43,136801,227],{"class":53},[29,136803,136805],{"id":136804},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[14,136807,136808,136810],{},[18,136809,124144],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[14,136812,7667],{},[150,136814,136815,136818,136821,136824],{},[153,136816,136817],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[153,136819,136820],{},"Make text matching easier",[153,136822,136823],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[153,136825,136826],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[14,136828,136829],{},"Example: checking user input",[34,136831,136833],{"className":36,"code":136832,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[18,136834,136835,136853,136857,136879,136894,136900],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,136836,136837,136839,136841,136843,136845,136847,136849,136851],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,136838,45011],{"class":207},[43,136840,212],{"class":211},[43,136842,1096],{"class":49},[43,136844,54],{"class":53},[43,136846,82],{"class":81},[43,136848,45022],{"class":85},[43,136850,82],{"class":81},[43,136852,227],{"class":53},[43,136854,136855],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,136856,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,136858,136859,136861,136863,136865,136867,136869,136871,136873,136875,136877],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,136860,7323],{"class":1927},[43,136862,36174],{"class":207},[43,136864,315],{"class":53},[43,136866,8959],{"class":236},[43,136868,830],{"class":53},[43,136870,6734],{"class":211},[43,136872,932],{"class":81},[43,136874,13430],{"class":85},[43,136876,82],{"class":81},[43,136878,1931],{"class":53},[43,136880,136881,136883,136885,136887,136890,136892],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,136882,1951],{"class":49},[43,136884,54],{"class":53},[43,136886,82],{"class":81},[43,136888,136889],{"class":85},"Nice choice!",[43,136891,82],{"class":81},[43,136893,227],{"class":53},[43,136895,136896,136898],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,136897,27758],{"class":1927},[43,136899,1931],{"class":53},[43,136901,136902,136904,136906,136908,136911,136913],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,136903,1951],{"class":49},[43,136905,54],{"class":53},[43,136907,82],{"class":81},[43,136909,136910],{"class":85},"Got it.",[43,136912,82],{"class":81},[43,136914,227],{"class":53},[14,136916,136917],{},"Example: simple search",[34,136919,136921],{"className":36,"code":136920,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[18,136922,136923,136936,136940,136961],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,136924,136925,136927,136929,136931,136934],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,136926,90066],{"class":207},[43,136928,212],{"class":211},[43,136930,932],{"class":81},[43,136932,136933],{"class":85},"Python Is Fun",[43,136935,938],{"class":81},[43,136937,136938],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,136939,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,136941,136942,136944,136946,136948,136950,136952,136955,136957,136959],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,136943,7323],{"class":1927},[43,136945,932],{"class":81},[43,136947,38],{"class":85},[43,136949,82],{"class":81},[43,136951,21497],{"class":211},[43,136953,136954],{"class":207}," message",[43,136956,315],{"class":53},[43,136958,8959],{"class":236},[43,136960,21918],{"class":53},[43,136962,136963,136965,136967,136969,136972,136974],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,136964,1951],{"class":49},[43,136966,54],{"class":53},[43,136968,82],{"class":81},[43,136970,136971],{"class":85},"Found it",[43,136973,82],{"class":81},[43,136975,227],{"class":53},[14,136977,136978,136979,136981,136982,325],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[18,136980,124144],{}," is often used with ",[189,136983,136985],{"href":136984},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[18,136986,1691],{},[34,136988,136990],{"className":36,"code":136989,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[18,136991,136992,137005,137024,137028],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,136993,136994,136996,136998,137000,137003],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,136995,8202],{"class":207},[43,136997,212],{"class":211},[43,136999,932],{"class":81},[43,137001,137002],{"class":85},"  ALICE  ",[43,137004,938],{"class":81},[43,137006,137007,137010,137012,137014,137016,137018,137020,137022],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,137008,137009],{"class":207},"clean_name ",[43,137011,212],{"class":211},[43,137013,36315],{"class":207},[43,137015,315],{"class":53},[43,137017,1725],{"class":236},[43,137019,8956],{"class":53},[43,137021,8959],{"class":236},[43,137023,1728],{"class":53},[43,137025,137026],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,137027,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,137029,137030,137032,137034,137037,137039],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,137031,50],{"class":49},[43,137033,54],{"class":53},[43,137035,137036],{"class":236},"clean_name",[43,137038,1221],{"class":53},[43,137040,137041],{"class":3984},"  # alice\n",[29,137043,15918],{"id":15917},[14,137045,137046,137047,137050],{},"Strings are ",[913,137048,137049],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[14,137052,137053,137054,137056],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[18,137055,124144],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[14,137058,137059,137060,137062],{},"So this does ",[913,137061,734],{}," update the original variable:",[34,137064,137066],{"className":36,"code":137065,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[18,137067,137068,137080,137090,137094],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,137069,137070,137072,137074,137076,137078],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,137071,927],{"class":207},[43,137073,212],{"class":211},[43,137075,932],{"class":81},[43,137077,136438],{"class":85},[43,137079,938],{"class":81},[43,137081,137082,137084,137086,137088],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,137083,951],{"class":207},[43,137085,315],{"class":53},[43,137087,8959],{"class":236},[43,137089,1728],{"class":53},[43,137091,137092],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,137093,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,137095,137096,137098,137100,137102,137104],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,137097,50],{"class":49},[43,137099,54],{"class":53},[43,137101,951],{"class":236},[43,137103,1221],{"class":53},[43,137105,137106],{"class":3984},"  # HELLO\n",[14,137108,137109],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[34,137111,137113],{"className":36,"code":137112,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[18,137114,137115,137127,137141,137145],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,137116,137117,137119,137121,137123,137125],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,137118,927],{"class":207},[43,137120,212],{"class":211},[43,137122,932],{"class":81},[43,137124,136438],{"class":85},[43,137126,938],{"class":81},[43,137128,137129,137131,137133,137135,137137,137139],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,137130,927],{"class":207},[43,137132,212],{"class":211},[43,137134,42893],{"class":207},[43,137136,315],{"class":53},[43,137138,8959],{"class":236},[43,137140,1728],{"class":53},[43,137142,137143],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,137144,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,137146,137147,137149,137151,137153,137155],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,137148,50],{"class":49},[43,137150,54],{"class":53},[43,137152,951],{"class":236},[43,137154,1221],{"class":53},[43,137156,136450],{"class":3984},[29,137158,3160],{"id":3159},[402,137160,26011],{"id":26010},[14,137162,137163,137164,11407,137166,315],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[18,137165,8959],{},[18,137167,124144],{},[14,137169,16966],{},[34,137171,137173],{"className":36,"code":137172,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[18,137174,137175,137187],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,137176,137177,137179,137181,137183,137185],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,137178,927],{"class":207},[43,137180,212],{"class":211},[43,137182,932],{"class":81},[43,137184,136438],{"class":85},[43,137186,938],{"class":81},[43,137188,137189,137191,137193,137195,137197,137199],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,137190,50],{"class":49},[43,137192,54],{"class":53},[43,137194,951],{"class":236},[43,137196,315],{"class":53},[43,137198,8959],{"class":25074},[43,137200,227],{"class":53},[14,137202,137203],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[14,137205,16978],{},[34,137207,137209],{"className":36,"code":137208,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[18,137210,137211,137223],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,137212,137213,137215,137217,137219,137221],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,137214,927],{"class":207},[43,137216,212],{"class":211},[43,137218,932],{"class":81},[43,137220,136438],{"class":85},[43,137222,938],{"class":81},[43,137224,137225,137227,137229,137231,137233,137235],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,137226,50],{"class":49},[43,137228,54],{"class":53},[43,137230,951],{"class":236},[43,137232,315],{"class":53},[43,137234,8959],{"class":236},[43,137236,341],{"class":53},[402,137238,137240],{"id":137239},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[14,137242,137243],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[14,137245,16966],{},[34,137247,137249],{"className":36,"code":137248,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[18,137250,137251,137263,137273],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,137252,137253,137255,137257,137259,137261],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,137254,927],{"class":207},[43,137256,212],{"class":211},[43,137258,932],{"class":81},[43,137260,136438],{"class":85},[43,137262,938],{"class":81},[43,137264,137265,137267,137269,137271],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,137266,951],{"class":207},[43,137268,315],{"class":53},[43,137270,8959],{"class":236},[43,137272,1728],{"class":53},[43,137274,137275,137277,137279,137281,137283],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,137276,50],{"class":49},[43,137278,54],{"class":53},[43,137280,951],{"class":236},[43,137282,1221],{"class":53},[43,137284,137285],{"class":3984},"  # still HELLO\n",[14,137287,16978],{},[34,137289,137291],{"className":36,"code":137290,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[18,137292,137293,137305,137319],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,137294,137295,137297,137299,137301,137303],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,137296,927],{"class":207},[43,137298,212],{"class":211},[43,137300,932],{"class":81},[43,137302,136438],{"class":85},[43,137304,938],{"class":81},[43,137306,137307,137309,137311,137313,137315,137317],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,137308,927],{"class":207},[43,137310,212],{"class":211},[43,137312,42893],{"class":207},[43,137314,315],{"class":53},[43,137316,8959],{"class":236},[43,137318,1728],{"class":53},[43,137320,137321,137323,137325,137327,137329],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,137322,50],{"class":49},[43,137324,54],{"class":53},[43,137326,951],{"class":236},[43,137328,1221],{"class":53},[43,137330,136450],{"class":3984},[402,137332,8738,137334,137336],{"id":137333},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[18,137335,124144],{}," on a non-string value",[14,137338,137339,137341],{},[18,137340,124144],{}," only works on strings.",[14,137343,16966],{},[34,137345,137347],{"className":36,"code":137346,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[18,137348,137349,137357],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,137350,137351,137353,137355],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,137352,208],{"class":207},[43,137354,212],{"class":211},[43,137356,125096],{"class":63},[43,137358,137359,137361,137363,137365,137367,137369],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,137360,50],{"class":49},[43,137362,54],{"class":53},[43,137364,237],{"class":236},[43,137366,315],{"class":53},[43,137368,8959],{"class":236},[43,137370,341],{"class":53},[14,137372,137373,137374,33923],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[18,137375,124144],{},[14,137377,137378],{},"You can check the type first:",[34,137380,137382],{"className":36,"code":137381,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[18,137383,137384,137396,137400,137414],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,137385,137386,137388,137390,137392,137394],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,137387,927],{"class":207},[43,137389,212],{"class":211},[43,137391,932],{"class":81},[43,137393,136438],{"class":85},[43,137395,938],{"class":81},[43,137397,137398],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,137399,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,137401,137402,137404,137406,137408,137410,137412],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,137403,50],{"class":49},[43,137405,54],{"class":53},[43,137407,248],{"class":57},[43,137409,54],{"class":53},[43,137411,951],{"class":236},[43,137413,67],{"class":53},[43,137415,137416,137418,137420,137422,137424,137426],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,137417,50],{"class":49},[43,137419,54],{"class":53},[43,137421,951],{"class":236},[43,137423,315],{"class":53},[43,137425,8959],{"class":236},[43,137427,341],{"class":53},[402,137429,137431],{"id":137430},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[14,137433,137434],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[34,137436,137438],{"className":36,"code":137437,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[18,137439,137440,137453,137457,137474,137489,137495],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,137441,137442,137444,137446,137448,137451],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,137443,136657],{"class":207},[43,137445,212],{"class":211},[43,137447,932],{"class":81},[43,137449,137450],{"class":85},"Yes",[43,137452,938],{"class":81},[43,137454,137455],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,137456,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,137458,137459,137461,137464,137466,137468,137470,137472],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,137460,7323],{"class":1927},[43,137462,137463],{"class":207}," answer ",[43,137465,5012],{"class":211},[43,137467,932],{"class":81},[43,137469,8976],{"class":85},[43,137471,82],{"class":81},[43,137473,1931],{"class":53},[43,137475,137476,137478,137480,137482,137485,137487],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,137477,1951],{"class":49},[43,137479,54],{"class":53},[43,137481,82],{"class":81},[43,137483,137484],{"class":85},"Match",[43,137486,82],{"class":81},[43,137488,227],{"class":53},[43,137490,137491,137493],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,137492,27758],{"class":1927},[43,137494,1931],{"class":53},[43,137496,137497,137499,137501,137503,137506,137508],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,137498,1951],{"class":49},[43,137500,54],{"class":53},[43,137502,82],{"class":81},[43,137504,137505],{"class":85},"No match",[43,137507,82],{"class":81},[43,137509,227],{"class":53},[14,137511,2194,137512,895,137515,137518,137519,315],{},[18,137513,137514],{},"\"Yes\"",[18,137516,137517],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[18,137520,137505],{},[14,137522,137523],{},"Better:",[34,137525,137527],{"className":36,"code":137526,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[18,137528,137529,137541,137545,137567],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,137530,137531,137533,137535,137537,137539],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,137532,136657],{"class":207},[43,137534,212],{"class":211},[43,137536,932],{"class":81},[43,137538,137450],{"class":85},[43,137540,938],{"class":81},[43,137542,137543],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,137544,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,137546,137547,137549,137551,137553,137555,137557,137559,137561,137563,137565],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,137548,7323],{"class":1927},[43,137550,136677],{"class":207},[43,137552,315],{"class":53},[43,137554,8959],{"class":236},[43,137556,830],{"class":53},[43,137558,6734],{"class":211},[43,137560,932],{"class":81},[43,137562,8976],{"class":85},[43,137564,82],{"class":81},[43,137566,1931],{"class":53},[43,137568,137569,137571,137573,137575,137577,137579],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,137570,1951],{"class":49},[43,137572,54],{"class":53},[43,137574,82],{"class":81},[43,137576,137484],{"class":85},[43,137578,82],{"class":81},[43,137580,227],{"class":53},[402,137582,44265,137584,137587],{"id":137583},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[18,137585,137586],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[14,137589,137590,137591,137593],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[18,137592,124144],{}," is enough.",[14,137595,137596,137597,137599,137600,315],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[18,137598,137586],{}," can be stronger than ",[18,137601,124144],{},[14,137603,137604,137605,122656],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[18,137606,124144],{},[29,137608,137610,10901,137612],{"id":137609},"lower-vs-upper",[18,137611,124144],{},[18,137613,128292],{},[14,137615,137616,895,137618,137620],{},[18,137617,124144],{},[18,137619,128292],{}," are very similar.",[150,137622,137623,137628,137633,137636],{},[153,137624,137625,137627],{},[18,137626,124144],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[153,137629,137630,137632],{},[18,137631,128292],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[153,137634,137635],{},"Both return new strings",[153,137637,137638],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[14,137640,197],{},[34,137642,137644],{"className":36,"code":137643,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[18,137645,137646,137658,137662,137678],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,137647,137648,137650,137652,137654,137656],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,137649,927],{"class":207},[43,137651,212],{"class":211},[43,137653,932],{"class":81},[43,137655,129133],{"class":85},[43,137657,938],{"class":81},[43,137659,137660],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,137661,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,137663,137664,137666,137668,137670,137672,137674,137676],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,137665,50],{"class":49},[43,137667,54],{"class":53},[43,137669,951],{"class":236},[43,137671,315],{"class":53},[43,137673,8959],{"class":236},[43,137675,136447],{"class":53},[43,137677,136345],{"class":3984},[43,137679,137680,137682,137684,137686,137688,137690,137692],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,137681,50],{"class":49},[43,137683,54],{"class":53},[43,137685,951],{"class":236},[43,137687,315],{"class":53},[43,137689,34801],{"class":236},[43,137691,136447],{"class":53},[43,137693,137694],{"class":3984},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[14,137696,137697,137698,315],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[189,137699,126414,137701,11055],{"href":137700},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[18,137702,128292],{},[29,137704,2162],{"id":2161},[402,137706,13023,137708,124741],{"id":137707},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[18,137709,124144],{},[14,137711,137712],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[402,137714,13023,137716,137718],{"id":137715},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[18,137717,124144],{}," take any arguments?",[14,137720,137721,137722,315],{},"No. The method is called as ",[18,137723,137724],{},"string.lower()",[402,137726,5466,137728,13035],{"id":137727},"what-does-lower-return",[18,137729,124144],{},[14,137731,137732],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[402,137734,28653,137736,137738],{"id":137735},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[18,137737,124144],{}," on user input?",[14,137740,137741,137742,137744],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[18,137743,194],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[402,137746,5503,137748,895,137750,2822],{"id":137747},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[18,137749,124144],{},[18,137751,137586],{},[14,137753,137754,137756,137757,137759],{},[18,137755,124144],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[18,137758,137586],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[29,137761,2229],{"id":2228},[150,137763,137764,137768,137774,137780,137786,137790,137794,137800],{},[153,137765,137766],{},[189,137767,51031],{"href":51030},[153,137769,137770],{},[189,137771,126414,137772,11055],{"href":137700},[18,137773,128292],{},[153,137775,137776],{},[189,137777,126414,137778,11055],{"href":136984},[18,137779,1691],{},[153,137781,137782],{},[189,137783,126414,137784,11055],{"href":129995},[18,137785,124585],{},[153,137787,137788],{},[189,137789,124813],{"href":123669},[153,137791,137792],{},[189,137793,90742],{"href":89751},[153,137795,137796],{},[189,137797,3894,137798,3827],{"href":191},[18,137799,194],{},[153,137801,137802],{},[189,137803,137804],{"href":136385},"What is a string in Python?",[2262,137806,137807],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":137809},[137810,137812,137813,137814,137815,137816,137817,137826,137828,137840],{"id":136355,"depth":70,"text":137811},"What lower() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":11791,"depth":70,"text":11792},{"id":902,"depth":70,"text":903},{"id":136804,"depth":70,"text":136805},{"id":15917,"depth":70,"text":15918},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160,"children":137818},[137819,137820,137821,137823,137824],{"id":26010,"depth":93,"text":26011},{"id":137239,"depth":93,"text":137240},{"id":137333,"depth":93,"text":137822},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137430,"depth":93,"text":137431},{"id":137583,"depth":93,"text":137825},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137609,"depth":70,"text":137827},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":137829},[137830,137832,137834,137836,137838],{"id":137707,"depth":93,"text":137831},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137715,"depth":93,"text":137833},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137727,"depth":93,"text":137835},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137735,"depth":93,"text":137837},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137747,"depth":93,"text":137839},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136272,"description":137841},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137848,"title":137849,"body":137850,"description":139400,"extension":2312,"meta":139401,"navigation":958,"path":139402,"seo":139403,"stem":139404,"__hash__":139405},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137851,"toc":139361},[137852,137857,137862,137868,137883,137885,137945,137947,137956,137962,137967,137972,137974,137988,137992,137994,138041,138043,138061,138063,138066,138137,138139,138153,138156,138168,138177,138181,138186,138191,138195,138261,138263,138272,138276,138341,138343,138352,138355,138360,138364,138369,138373,138434,138436,138445,138449,138452,138508,138510,138519,138522,138535,138537,138541,138548,138610,138612,138625,138631,138634,138641,138646,138651,138654,138662,138664,138725,138727,138736,138739,138786,138789,138836,138838,138843,138860,138867,138872,138925,138927,138935,138937,138994,138996,139004,139008,139055,139057,139065,139073,139077,139125,139127,139136,139141,139192,139194,139203,139210,139213,139234,139236,139241,139244,139248,139251,139255,139258,139285,139291,139294,139321,139326,139328,139330,139358],[10,137853,123414,137855,11638],{"id":137854},"python-string-replace-method",[18,137856,124585],{},[14,137858,123419,137859,137861],{},[18,137860,124585],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[14,137863,137864,137865,137867],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[18,137866,124585],{},". You will learn:",[150,137869,137870,137874,137877,137880],{},[153,137871,26343,137872,4001],{},[18,137873,124585],{},[153,137875,137876],{},"how its syntax works",[153,137878,137879],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[153,137881,137882],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[29,137884,32],{"id":31},[34,137886,137888],{"className":36,"code":137887,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[18,137889,137890,137903,137935],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,137891,137892,137894,137896,137898,137901],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,137893,927],{"class":207},[43,137895,212],{"class":211},[43,137897,932],{"class":81},[43,137899,137900],{"class":85},"I like cats",[43,137902,938],{"class":81},[43,137904,137905,137907,137909,137911,137913,137915,137917,137919,137922,137924,137926,137928,137931,137933],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,137906,130253],{"class":207},[43,137908,212],{"class":211},[43,137910,42893],{"class":207},[43,137912,315],{"class":53},[43,137914,35321],{"class":236},[43,137916,54],{"class":53},[43,137918,82],{"class":81},[43,137920,137921],{"class":85},"cats",[43,137923,82],{"class":81},[43,137925,800],{"class":53},[43,137927,932],{"class":81},[43,137929,137930],{"class":85},"dogs",[43,137932,82],{"class":81},[43,137934,227],{"class":53},[43,137936,137937,137939,137941,137943],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,137938,50],{"class":49},[43,137940,54],{"class":53},[43,137942,130284],{"class":236},[43,137944,227],{"class":53},[14,137946,110],{},[34,137948,137950],{"className":36,"code":137949,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"I like dogs\n",[18,137951,137952],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,137953,137954],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,137955,137949],{"class":207},[14,137957,133,137958,137961],{},[18,137959,137960],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[29,137963,3998,137965,4001],{"id":137964},"what-replace-does",[18,137966,124585],{},[14,137968,137969,137971],{},[18,137970,124585],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[14,137973,13372],{},[150,137975,137976,137978,137980,137983],{},[153,137977,133662],{},[153,137979,136380],{},[153,137981,137982],{},"It works on exact matches",[153,137984,137985,137986],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[18,137987,1291],{},[14,137989,125166,137990,315],{},[189,137991,125169],{"href":51030},[29,137993,5756],{"id":5755},[34,137995,137997],{"className":36,"code":137996,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[18,137998,137999,138019],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138000,138001,138003,138005,138007,138009,138012,138014,138017],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138002,61232],{"class":207},[43,138004,315],{"class":53},[43,138006,35321],{"class":236},[43,138008,54],{"class":53},[43,138010,138011],{"class":236},"old",[43,138013,800],{"class":53},[43,138015,138016],{"class":236}," new",[43,138018,227],{"class":53},[43,138020,138021,138023,138025,138027,138029,138031,138033,138035,138037,138039],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,138022,61232],{"class":207},[43,138024,315],{"class":53},[43,138026,35321],{"class":236},[43,138028,54],{"class":53},[43,138030,138011],{"class":236},[43,138032,800],{"class":53},[43,138034,138016],{"class":236},[43,138036,800],{"class":53},[43,138038,49656],{"class":236},[43,138040,227],{"class":53},[402,138042,17718],{"id":17717},[150,138044,138045,138050,138056],{},[153,138046,138047,138049],{},[18,138048,138011],{}," = the text to find",[153,138051,138052,138055],{},[18,138053,138054],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[153,138057,138058,138060],{},[18,138059,1291],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[29,138062,6113],{"id":6112},[14,138064,138065],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[34,138067,138069],{"className":36,"code":138068,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[18,138070,138071,138083,138113,138117,138127],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138072,138073,138075,138077,138079,138081],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138074,927],{"class":207},[43,138076,212],{"class":211},[43,138078,932],{"class":81},[43,138080,137900],{"class":85},[43,138082,938],{"class":81},[43,138084,138085,138087,138089,138091,138093,138095,138097,138099,138101,138103,138105,138107,138109,138111],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,138086,130253],{"class":207},[43,138088,212],{"class":211},[43,138090,42893],{"class":207},[43,138092,315],{"class":53},[43,138094,35321],{"class":236},[43,138096,54],{"class":53},[43,138098,82],{"class":81},[43,138100,137921],{"class":85},[43,138102,82],{"class":81},[43,138104,800],{"class":53},[43,138106,932],{"class":81},[43,138108,137930],{"class":85},[43,138110,82],{"class":81},[43,138112,227],{"class":53},[43,138114,138115],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,138116,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,138118,138119,138121,138123,138125],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,138120,50],{"class":49},[43,138122,54],{"class":53},[43,138124,951],{"class":236},[43,138126,227],{"class":53},[43,138128,138129,138131,138133,138135],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,138130,50],{"class":49},[43,138132,54],{"class":53},[43,138134,130284],{"class":236},[43,138136,227],{"class":53},[14,138138,110],{},[34,138140,138142],{"className":36,"code":138141,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[18,138143,138144,138149],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138145,138146],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138147,138148],{"class":207},"I like cats\n",[43,138150,138151],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,138152,137949],{"class":207},[14,138154,138155],{},"Notice what happened:",[150,138157,138158,138163],{},[153,138159,138160,138162],{},[18,138161,951],{}," did not change",[153,138164,138165,138167],{},[18,138166,130284],{}," contains the updated value",[14,138169,138170,138171,138173,138174,138176],{},"This happens because strings are ",[913,138172,137049],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[18,138175,124585],{}," return a new string instead.",[29,138178,138180],{"id":138179},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[14,138182,89760,138183,138185],{},[18,138184,124585],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[14,138187,138188,138189,36946],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[18,138190,1291],{},[402,138192,138194],{"id":138193},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[34,138196,138198],{"className":36,"code":138197,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138199,138200,138213,138247,138251],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138201,138202,138204,138206,138208,138211],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138203,927],{"class":207},[43,138205,212],{"class":211},[43,138207,932],{"class":81},[43,138209,138210],{"class":85},"cat cat cat",[43,138212,938],{"class":81},[43,138214,138215,138217,138219,138221,138223,138225,138227,138229,138231,138233,138235,138237,138239,138241,138243,138245],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,138216,1282],{"class":207},[43,138218,212],{"class":211},[43,138220,42893],{"class":207},[43,138222,315],{"class":53},[43,138224,35321],{"class":236},[43,138226,54],{"class":53},[43,138228,82],{"class":81},[43,138230,37372],{"class":85},[43,138232,82],{"class":81},[43,138234,800],{"class":53},[43,138236,932],{"class":81},[43,138238,58184],{"class":85},[43,138240,82],{"class":81},[43,138242,800],{"class":53},[43,138244,5823],{"class":63},[43,138246,227],{"class":53},[43,138248,138249],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,138250,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,138252,138253,138255,138257,138259],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,138254,50],{"class":49},[43,138256,54],{"class":53},[43,138258,1306],{"class":236},[43,138260,227],{"class":53},[14,138262,110],{},[34,138264,138266],{"className":36,"code":138265,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dog cat cat\n",[18,138267,138268],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138269,138270],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138271,138265],{"class":207},[402,138273,138275],{"id":138274},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[34,138277,138279],{"className":36,"code":138278,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138280,138281,138293,138327,138331],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138282,138283,138285,138287,138289,138291],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138284,927],{"class":207},[43,138286,212],{"class":211},[43,138288,932],{"class":81},[43,138290,138210],{"class":85},[43,138292,938],{"class":81},[43,138294,138295,138297,138299,138301,138303,138305,138307,138309,138311,138313,138315,138317,138319,138321,138323,138325],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,138296,1282],{"class":207},[43,138298,212],{"class":211},[43,138300,42893],{"class":207},[43,138302,315],{"class":53},[43,138304,35321],{"class":236},[43,138306,54],{"class":53},[43,138308,82],{"class":81},[43,138310,37372],{"class":85},[43,138312,82],{"class":81},[43,138314,800],{"class":53},[43,138316,932],{"class":81},[43,138318,58184],{"class":85},[43,138320,82],{"class":81},[43,138322,800],{"class":53},[43,138324,803],{"class":63},[43,138326,227],{"class":53},[43,138328,138329],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,138330,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,138332,138333,138335,138337,138339],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,138334,50],{"class":49},[43,138336,54],{"class":53},[43,138338,1306],{"class":236},[43,138340,227],{"class":53},[14,138342,110],{},[34,138344,138346],{"className":36,"code":138345,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"dog dog cat\n",[18,138347,138348],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138349,138350],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138351,138345],{"class":207},[14,138353,138354],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[14,138356,138357,138358,315],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[189,138359,128138],{"href":124582},[29,138361,138363],{"id":138362},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[14,138365,138366,138368],{},[18,138367,124585],{}," can also change single characters.",[402,138370,138372],{"id":138371},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[34,138374,138376],{"className":36,"code":138375,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138377,138378,138390,138420,138424],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138379,138380,138382,138384,138386,138388],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138381,927],{"class":207},[43,138383,212],{"class":211},[43,138385,932],{"class":81},[43,138387,4410],{"class":85},[43,138389,938],{"class":81},[43,138391,138392,138394,138396,138398,138400,138402,138404,138406,138408,138410,138412,138414,138416,138418],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,138393,1282],{"class":207},[43,138395,212],{"class":211},[43,138397,42893],{"class":207},[43,138399,315],{"class":53},[43,138401,35321],{"class":236},[43,138403,54],{"class":53},[43,138405,82],{"class":81},[43,138407,189],{"class":85},[43,138409,82],{"class":81},[43,138411,800],{"class":53},[43,138413,932],{"class":81},[43,138415,60531],{"class":85},[43,138417,82],{"class":81},[43,138419,227],{"class":53},[43,138421,138422],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,138423,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,138425,138426,138428,138430,138432],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,138427,50],{"class":49},[43,138429,54],{"class":53},[43,138431,1306],{"class":236},[43,138433,227],{"class":53},[14,138435,110],{},[34,138437,138439],{"className":36,"code":138438,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"bonono\n",[18,138440,138441],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138442,138443],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138444,138438],{"class":207},[402,138446,138448],{"id":138447},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[14,138450,138451],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[34,138453,138455],{"className":36,"code":138454,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138456,138457,138470,138494,138498],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138458,138459,138461,138463,138465,138468],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138460,927],{"class":207},[43,138462,212],{"class":211},[43,138464,932],{"class":81},[43,138466,138467],{"class":85},"a b c",[43,138469,938],{"class":81},[43,138471,138472,138474,138476,138478,138480,138482,138484,138486,138488,138490,138492],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,138473,1282],{"class":207},[43,138475,212],{"class":211},[43,138477,42893],{"class":207},[43,138479,315],{"class":53},[43,138481,35321],{"class":236},[43,138483,54],{"class":53},[43,138485,82],{"class":81},[43,138487,932],{"class":81},[43,138489,800],{"class":53},[43,138491,6453],{"class":81},[43,138493,227],{"class":53},[43,138495,138496],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,138497,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,138499,138500,138502,138504,138506],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,138501,50],{"class":49},[43,138503,54],{"class":53},[43,138505,1306],{"class":236},[43,138507,227],{"class":53},[14,138509,110],{},[34,138511,138513],{"className":36,"code":138512,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"abc\n",[18,138514,138515],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138516,138517],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138518,138512],{"class":207},[14,138520,138521],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[14,138523,138524,138525,138529,138530,138534],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[189,138526,126414,138527,11055],{"href":129101},[18,138528,60589],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[189,138531,126414,138532,11055],{"href":136984},[18,138533,1691],{}," is often a better choice.",[29,138536,124061],{"id":124060},[14,138538,138539,123872],{},[18,138540,124585],{},[14,138542,127459,138543,895,138545,127466],{},[18,138544,113098],{},[18,138546,138547],{},"\"Cat\"",[34,138549,138551],{"className":36,"code":138550,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138552,138553,138566,138596,138600],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138554,138555,138557,138559,138561,138564],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138556,927],{"class":207},[43,138558,212],{"class":211},[43,138560,932],{"class":81},[43,138562,138563],{"class":85},"Cat cat CAT",[43,138565,938],{"class":81},[43,138567,138568,138570,138572,138574,138576,138578,138580,138582,138584,138586,138588,138590,138592,138594],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,138569,1282],{"class":207},[43,138571,212],{"class":211},[43,138573,42893],{"class":207},[43,138575,315],{"class":53},[43,138577,35321],{"class":236},[43,138579,54],{"class":53},[43,138581,82],{"class":81},[43,138583,37372],{"class":85},[43,138585,82],{"class":81},[43,138587,800],{"class":53},[43,138589,932],{"class":81},[43,138591,58184],{"class":85},[43,138593,82],{"class":81},[43,138595,227],{"class":53},[43,138597,138598],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,138599,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,138601,138602,138604,138606,138608],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,138603,50],{"class":49},[43,138605,54],{"class":53},[43,138607,1306],{"class":236},[43,138609,227],{"class":53},[14,138611,110],{},[34,138613,138615],{"className":36,"code":138614,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Cat dog CAT\n",[18,138616,138617],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138618,138619,138622],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138620,138621],{"class":207},"Cat dog ",[43,138623,138624],{"class":34776},"CAT\n",[14,138626,138627,138628,138630],{},"Only the lowercase ",[18,138629,113098],{}," was replaced.",[14,138632,138633],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[14,138635,138636,138637,315],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[189,138638,126414,138639,11055],{"href":124141},[18,138640,124144],{},[29,138642,3998,138644,12023],{"id":138643},"what-replace-returns",[18,138645,124585],{},[14,138647,138648,138650],{},[18,138649,124585],{}," returns a new string.",[14,138652,138653],{},"If no match is found:",[150,138655,138656,138659],{},[153,138657,138658],{},"no error happens",[153,138660,138661],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[14,138663,197],{},[34,138665,138667],{"className":36,"code":138666,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138668,138669,138681,138711,138715],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138670,138671,138673,138675,138677,138679],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138672,927],{"class":207},[43,138674,212],{"class":211},[43,138676,932],{"class":81},[43,138678,710],{"class":85},[43,138680,938],{"class":81},[43,138682,138683,138685,138687,138689,138691,138693,138695,138697,138699,138701,138703,138705,138707,138709],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,138684,1282],{"class":207},[43,138686,212],{"class":211},[43,138688,42893],{"class":207},[43,138690,315],{"class":53},[43,138692,35321],{"class":236},[43,138694,54],{"class":53},[43,138696,82],{"class":81},[43,138698,2519],{"class":85},[43,138700,82],{"class":81},[43,138702,800],{"class":53},[43,138704,932],{"class":81},[43,138706,12063],{"class":85},[43,138708,82],{"class":81},[43,138710,227],{"class":53},[43,138712,138713],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,138714,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,138716,138717,138719,138721,138723],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,138718,50],{"class":49},[43,138720,54],{"class":53},[43,138722,1306],{"class":236},[43,138724,227],{"class":53},[14,138726,110],{},[34,138728,138730],{"className":36,"code":138729,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"hello\n",[18,138731,138732],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138733,138734],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138735,138729],{"class":207},[14,138737,138738],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[34,138740,138742],{"className":36,"code":138741,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[18,138743,138744,138756],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138745,138746,138748,138750,138752,138754],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138747,927],{"class":207},[43,138749,212],{"class":211},[43,138751,932],{"class":81},[43,138753,60464],{"class":85},[43,138755,938],{"class":81},[43,138757,138758,138760,138762,138764,138766,138768,138770,138772,138774,138776,138778,138780,138782,138784],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,138759,130253],{"class":207},[43,138761,212],{"class":211},[43,138763,42893],{"class":207},[43,138765,315],{"class":53},[43,138767,35321],{"class":236},[43,138769,54],{"class":53},[43,138771,82],{"class":81},[43,138773,60649],{"class":85},[43,138775,82],{"class":81},[43,138777,800],{"class":53},[43,138779,932],{"class":81},[43,138781,7621],{"class":85},[43,138783,82],{"class":81},[43,138785,227],{"class":53},[14,138787,138788],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[34,138790,138792],{"className":36,"code":138791,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[18,138793,138794,138806],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138795,138796,138798,138800,138802,138804],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138797,927],{"class":207},[43,138799,212],{"class":211},[43,138801,932],{"class":81},[43,138803,60464],{"class":85},[43,138805,938],{"class":81},[43,138807,138808,138810,138812,138814,138816,138818,138820,138822,138824,138826,138828,138830,138832,138834],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,138809,927],{"class":207},[43,138811,212],{"class":211},[43,138813,42893],{"class":207},[43,138815,315],{"class":53},[43,138817,35321],{"class":236},[43,138819,54],{"class":53},[43,138821,82],{"class":81},[43,138823,60649],{"class":85},[43,138825,82],{"class":81},[43,138827,800],{"class":53},[43,138829,932],{"class":81},[43,138831,7621],{"class":85},[43,138833,82],{"class":81},[43,138835,227],{"class":53},[29,138837,4842],{"id":4841},[14,138839,138840,138841,325],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[18,138842,124585],{},[150,138844,138845,138848,138852,138855],{},[153,138846,138847],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[153,138849,8773,138850,131634],{},[18,138851,124585],{},[153,138853,138854],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[153,138856,37529,138857,138859],{},[18,138858,124585],{}," with regex-based replacements",[402,138861,138863,138864,138866],{"id":138862},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[18,138865,124585],{}," without assigning the result",[14,138868,138869,138870,325],{},"This does not update ",[18,138871,951],{},[34,138873,138875],{"className":36,"code":138874,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,138876,138877,138889,138915],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138878,138879,138881,138883,138885,138887],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138880,927],{"class":207},[43,138882,212],{"class":211},[43,138884,932],{"class":81},[43,138886,137900],{"class":85},[43,138888,938],{"class":81},[43,138890,138891,138893,138895,138897,138899,138901,138903,138905,138907,138909,138911,138913],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,138892,951],{"class":207},[43,138894,315],{"class":53},[43,138896,35321],{"class":236},[43,138898,54],{"class":53},[43,138900,82],{"class":81},[43,138902,137921],{"class":85},[43,138904,82],{"class":81},[43,138906,800],{"class":53},[43,138908,932],{"class":81},[43,138910,137930],{"class":85},[43,138912,82],{"class":81},[43,138914,227],{"class":53},[43,138916,138917,138919,138921,138923],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,138918,50],{"class":49},[43,138920,54],{"class":53},[43,138922,951],{"class":236},[43,138924,227],{"class":53},[14,138926,110],{},[34,138928,138929],{"className":36,"code":138148,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,138930,138931],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138932,138933],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138934,138148],{"class":207},[14,138936,11122],{},[34,138938,138940],{"className":36,"code":138939,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,138941,138942,138954,138984],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,138943,138944,138946,138948,138950,138952],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,138945,927],{"class":207},[43,138947,212],{"class":211},[43,138949,932],{"class":81},[43,138951,137900],{"class":85},[43,138953,938],{"class":81},[43,138955,138956,138958,138960,138962,138964,138966,138968,138970,138972,138974,138976,138978,138980,138982],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,138957,927],{"class":207},[43,138959,212],{"class":211},[43,138961,42893],{"class":207},[43,138963,315],{"class":53},[43,138965,35321],{"class":236},[43,138967,54],{"class":53},[43,138969,82],{"class":81},[43,138971,137921],{"class":85},[43,138973,82],{"class":81},[43,138975,800],{"class":53},[43,138977,932],{"class":81},[43,138979,137930],{"class":85},[43,138981,82],{"class":81},[43,138983,227],{"class":53},[43,138985,138986,138988,138990,138992],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,138987,50],{"class":49},[43,138989,54],{"class":53},[43,138991,951],{"class":236},[43,138993,227],{"class":53},[14,138995,110],{},[34,138997,138998],{"className":36,"code":137949,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,138999,139000],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139001,139002],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139003,137949],{"class":207},[402,139005,139007],{"id":139006},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[34,139009,139011],{"className":36,"code":139010,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[18,139012,139013,139025],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139014,139015,139017,139019,139021,139023],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139016,927],{"class":207},[43,139018,212],{"class":211},[43,139020,932],{"class":81},[43,139022,35189],{"class":85},[43,139024,938],{"class":81},[43,139026,139027,139029,139031,139033,139035,139037,139039,139041,139043,139045,139047,139049,139051,139053],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,139028,50],{"class":49},[43,139030,54],{"class":53},[43,139032,951],{"class":236},[43,139034,315],{"class":53},[43,139036,35321],{"class":236},[43,139038,54],{"class":53},[43,139040,82],{"class":81},[43,139042,710],{"class":85},[43,139044,82],{"class":81},[43,139046,800],{"class":53},[43,139048,932],{"class":81},[43,139050,89995],{"class":85},[43,139052,82],{"class":81},[43,139054,67],{"class":53},[14,139056,110],{},[34,139058,139059],{"className":36,"code":89008,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,139060,139061],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139062,139063],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139064,89008],{"class":207},[14,139066,139067,139068,895,139070,139072],{},"Nothing changed because ",[18,139069,64593],{},[18,139071,90477],{}," are not the same.",[402,139074,139076],{"id":139075},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[34,139078,139080],{"className":36,"code":139079,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[18,139081,139082,139095],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139083,139084,139086,139088,139090,139093],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139085,927],{"class":207},[43,139087,212],{"class":211},[43,139089,932],{"class":81},[43,139091,139092],{"class":85},"red red red",[43,139094,938],{"class":81},[43,139096,139097,139099,139101,139103,139105,139107,139109,139111,139113,139115,139117,139119,139121,139123],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,139098,50],{"class":49},[43,139100,54],{"class":53},[43,139102,951],{"class":236},[43,139104,315],{"class":53},[43,139106,35321],{"class":236},[43,139108,54],{"class":53},[43,139110,82],{"class":81},[43,139112,13413],{"class":85},[43,139114,82],{"class":81},[43,139116,800],{"class":53},[43,139118,932],{"class":81},[43,139120,13430],{"class":85},[43,139122,82],{"class":81},[43,139124,67],{"class":53},[14,139126,110],{},[34,139128,139130],{"className":36,"code":139129,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"blue blue blue\n",[18,139131,139132],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139133,139134],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139135,139129],{"class":207},[14,139137,139138,139139,325],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[18,139140,1291],{},[34,139142,139144],{"className":36,"code":139143,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[18,139145,139146,139158],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139147,139148,139150,139152,139154,139156],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139149,927],{"class":207},[43,139151,212],{"class":211},[43,139153,932],{"class":81},[43,139155,139092],{"class":85},[43,139157,938],{"class":81},[43,139159,139160,139162,139164,139166,139168,139170,139172,139174,139176,139178,139180,139182,139184,139186,139188,139190],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,139161,50],{"class":49},[43,139163,54],{"class":53},[43,139165,951],{"class":236},[43,139167,315],{"class":53},[43,139169,35321],{"class":236},[43,139171,54],{"class":53},[43,139173,82],{"class":81},[43,139175,13413],{"class":85},[43,139177,82],{"class":81},[43,139179,800],{"class":53},[43,139181,932],{"class":81},[43,139183,13430],{"class":85},[43,139185,82],{"class":81},[43,139187,800],{"class":53},[43,139189,5823],{"class":63},[43,139191,67],{"class":53},[14,139193,110],{},[34,139195,139197],{"className":36,"code":139196,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"blue red red\n",[18,139198,139199],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139200,139201],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139202,139196],{"class":207},[402,139204,139206,139207,139209],{"id":139205},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[18,139208,124585],{}," for the wrong task",[14,139211,139212],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[150,139214,139215,139222,139229],{},[153,139216,133,139217,139221],{},[189,139218,139219],{"href":129101},[18,139220,60589],{}," to break a string into a list",[153,139223,133,139224,139228],{},[189,139225,139226],{"href":136984},[18,139227,1691],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[153,139230,133,139231,139233],{},[18,139232,124585],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[29,139235,2162],{"id":2161},[402,139237,13023,139239,124741],{"id":139238},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[18,139240,124585],{},[14,139242,139243],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[402,139245,139247],{"id":139246},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[14,139249,139250],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[402,139252,139254],{"id":139253},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[14,139256,139257],{},"Use the third argument:",[34,139259,139261],{"className":36,"code":139260,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[18,139262,139263],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139264,139265,139267,139269,139271,139273,139275,139277,139279,139281,139283],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139266,951],{"class":207},[43,139268,315],{"class":53},[43,139270,35321],{"class":236},[43,139272,54],{"class":53},[43,139274,138011],{"class":236},[43,139276,800],{"class":53},[43,139278,138016],{"class":236},[43,139280,800],{"class":53},[43,139282,5823],{"class":63},[43,139284,227],{"class":53},[402,139286,5493,139288,139290],{"id":139287},"can-replace-remove-text",[18,139289,124585],{}," remove text?",[14,139292,139293],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[34,139295,139297],{"className":36,"code":139296,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[18,139298,139299],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139300,139301,139303,139305,139307,139309,139311,139313,139315,139317,139319],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139302,951],{"class":207},[43,139304,315],{"class":53},[43,139306,35321],{"class":236},[43,139308,54],{"class":53},[43,139310,82],{"class":81},[43,139312,2519],{"class":85},[43,139314,82],{"class":81},[43,139316,800],{"class":53},[43,139318,6453],{"class":81},[43,139320,227],{"class":53},[402,139322,15225,139324,124750],{"id":139323},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[18,139325,124585],{},[14,139327,129943],{},[29,139329,2229],{"id":2228},[150,139331,139332,139336,139342,139348,139354],{},[153,139333,139334],{},[189,139335,124820],{"href":124582},[153,139337,139338],{},[189,139339,126414,139340,11055],{"href":129101},[18,139341,60589],{},[153,139343,139344],{},[189,139345,126414,139346,11055],{"href":136984},[18,139347,1691],{},[153,139349,139350],{},[189,139351,126414,139352,11055],{"href":124141},[18,139353,124144],{},[153,139355,139356],{},[189,139357,125169],{"href":51030},[2262,139359,139360],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":139362},[139363,139364,139366,139369,139370,139374,139378,139379,139381,139389,139399],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":137964,"depth":70,"text":139365},"What replace() does",{"id":5755,"depth":70,"text":5756,"children":139367},[139368],{"id":17717,"depth":93,"text":17718},{"id":6112,"depth":70,"text":6113},{"id":138179,"depth":70,"text":138180,"children":139371},[139372,139373],{"id":138193,"depth":93,"text":138194},{"id":138274,"depth":93,"text":138275},{"id":138362,"depth":70,"text":138363,"children":139375},[139376,139377],{"id":138371,"depth":93,"text":138372},{"id":138447,"depth":93,"text":138448},{"id":124060,"depth":70,"text":124061},{"id":138643,"depth":70,"text":139380},"What replace() returns",{"id":4841,"depth":70,"text":4842,"children":139382},[139383,139385,139386,139387],{"id":138862,"depth":93,"text":139384},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":139006,"depth":93,"text":139007},{"id":139075,"depth":93,"text":139076},{"id":139205,"depth":93,"text":139388},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":139390},[139391,139393,139394,139395,139397],{"id":139238,"depth":93,"text":139392},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139246,"depth":93,"text":139247},{"id":139253,"depth":93,"text":139254},{"id":139287,"depth":93,"text":139396},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139323,"depth":93,"text":139398},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137849,"description":139400},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139407,"title":139408,"body":139409,"description":141428,"extension":2312,"meta":141429,"navigation":958,"path":141430,"seo":141431,"stem":141432,"__hash__":141433},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139410,"toc":141392},[139411,139416,139421,139424,139435,139437,139492,139497,139502,139509,139511,139526,139528,139584,139586,139624,139629,139631,139655,139658,139671,139676,139678,139710,139712,139745,139751,139756,139759,139769,139772,139774,139830,139832,139882,139885,139893,139896,139952,139954,140027,140040,140048,140052,140063,140066,140069,140122,140124,140156,140159,140213,140215,140250,140253,140258,140263,140268,140271,140273,140331,140333,140367,140369,140384,140387,140389,140431,140433,140459,140464,140472,140475,140477,140559,140561,140612,140615,140626,140634,140636,140709,140711,140729,140733,140736,140740,140767,140769,140777,140781,140816,140818,140831,140835,140838,140877,140879,140896,140901,140906,140917,140920,140931,140933,140935,140961,140964,141013,141015,141032,141035,141037,141089,141091,141123,141126,141184,141189,141191,141196,141299,141301,141315,141317,141324,141329,141334,141339,141344,141349,141352,141356,141361,141363,141389],[10,139412,123414,139414,11638],{"id":139413},"python-string-split-method",[18,139415,60589],{},[14,139417,123419,139418,139420],{},[18,139419,60589],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[14,139422,139423],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[150,139425,139426,139429,139432],{},[153,139427,139428],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[153,139430,139431],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[153,139433,139434],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[29,139436,32],{"id":31},[34,139438,139440],{"className":36,"code":139439,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,139441,139442,139455,139477,139487],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139443,139444,139446,139448,139450,139453],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139445,927],{"class":207},[43,139447,212],{"class":211},[43,139449,932],{"class":81},[43,139451,139452],{"class":85},"apple,banana,cherry",[43,139454,938],{"class":81},[43,139456,139457,139459,139461,139463,139465,139467,139469,139471,139473,139475],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,139458,42888],{"class":207},[43,139460,212],{"class":211},[43,139462,42893],{"class":207},[43,139464,315],{"class":53},[43,139466,34792],{"class":236},[43,139468,54],{"class":53},[43,139470,82],{"class":81},[43,139472,800],{"class":85},[43,139474,82],{"class":81},[43,139476,227],{"class":53},[43,139478,139479,139481,139483,139485],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,139480,50],{"class":49},[43,139482,54],{"class":53},[43,139484,42920],{"class":236},[43,139486,227],{"class":53},[43,139488,139489],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,139490,139491],{"class":3984},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[14,139493,133,139494,139496],{},[18,139495,60589],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[29,139498,3998,139500,4001],{"id":139499},"what-split-does",[18,139501,60589],{},[14,139503,139504,132462,139506,315],{},[18,139505,60589],{},[913,139507,139508],{},"string method",[14,139510,48981],{},[150,139512,139513,139516,139521],{},[153,139514,139515],{},"divides a string into parts",[153,139517,119716,139518],{},[913,139519,139520],{},"new list of strings",[153,139522,119722,139523,139525],{},[913,139524,734],{}," change the original string",[14,139527,197],{},[34,139529,139531],{"className":36,"code":139530,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139532,139533,139546,139560,139564,139574],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139534,139535,139537,139539,139541,139544],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139536,927],{"class":207},[43,139538,212],{"class":211},[43,139540,932],{"class":81},[43,139542,139543],{"class":85},"red blue green",[43,139545,938],{"class":81},[43,139547,139548,139550,139552,139554,139556,139558],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,139549,42888],{"class":207},[43,139551,212],{"class":211},[43,139553,42893],{"class":207},[43,139555,315],{"class":53},[43,139557,34792],{"class":236},[43,139559,1728],{"class":53},[43,139561,139562],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,139563,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,139565,139566,139568,139570,139572],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,139567,50],{"class":49},[43,139569,54],{"class":53},[43,139571,951],{"class":236},[43,139573,227],{"class":53},[43,139575,139576,139578,139580,139582],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,139577,50],{"class":49},[43,139579,54],{"class":53},[43,139581,42920],{"class":236},[43,139583,227],{"class":53},[14,139585,110],{},[34,139587,139589],{"className":36,"code":139588,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,139590,139591,139596],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139592,139593],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139594,139595],{"class":207},"red blue green\n",[43,139597,139598,139600,139602,139604,139606,139608,139610,139612,139614,139616,139618,139620,139622],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,139599,4221],{"class":53},[43,139601,283],{"class":81},[43,139603,13413],{"class":85},[43,139605,283],{"class":81},[43,139607,800],{"class":53},[43,139609,278],{"class":81},[43,139611,13430],{"class":85},[43,139613,283],{"class":81},[43,139615,800],{"class":53},[43,139617,278],{"class":81},[43,139619,17777],{"class":85},[43,139621,283],{"class":81},[43,139623,3955],{"class":53},[14,139625,139626,139627,315],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[189,139628,125169],{"href":51030},[29,139630,290],{"id":289},[34,139632,139634],{"className":36,"code":139633,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[18,139635,139636],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139637,139638,139640,139642,139644,139646,139648,139650,139653],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139639,61232],{"class":207},[43,139641,315],{"class":53},[43,139643,34792],{"class":236},[43,139645,54],{"class":53},[43,139647,133818],{"class":236},[43,139649,800],{"class":53},[43,139651,139652],{"class":236}," maxsplit",[43,139654,227],{"class":53},[14,139656,139657],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[150,139659,139660,139665],{},[153,139661,139662,139664],{},[18,139663,133818],{}," tells Python where to split",[153,139666,139667,139670],{},[18,139668,139669],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[14,139672,9194,139673,139675],{},[18,139674,133818],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139677,197],{},[34,139679,139681],{"className":36,"code":139680,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[18,139682,139683,139696],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139684,139685,139687,139689,139691,139694],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139686,927],{"class":207},[43,139688,212],{"class":211},[43,139690,932],{"class":81},[43,139692,139693],{"class":85},"one two three",[43,139695,938],{"class":81},[43,139697,139698,139700,139702,139704,139706,139708],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,139699,50],{"class":49},[43,139701,54],{"class":53},[43,139703,951],{"class":236},[43,139705,315],{"class":53},[43,139707,34792],{"class":236},[43,139709,341],{"class":53},[14,139711,110],{},[34,139713,139715],{"className":36,"code":139714,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[18,139716,139717],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139718,139719,139721,139723,139725,139727,139729,139731,139733,139735,139737,139739,139741,139743],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139720,4221],{"class":53},[43,139722,283],{"class":81},[43,139724,6910],{"class":85},[43,139726,283],{"class":81},[43,139728,800],{"class":53},[43,139730,278],{"class":81},[43,139732,79330],{"class":85},[43,139734,283],{"class":81},[43,139736,800],{"class":53},[43,139738,278],{"class":81},[43,139740,134300],{"class":85},[43,139742,283],{"class":81},[43,139744,3955],{"class":53},[29,139746,8738,139748,139750],{"id":139747},"using-split-with-no-separator",[18,139749,60589],{}," with no separator",[14,139752,70233,139753,139755],{},[18,139754,60589],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139757,139758],{},"Whitespace includes:",[150,139760,139761,139763,139766],{},[153,139762,10768],{},[153,139764,139765],{},"tabs",[153,139767,139768],{},"new lines",[14,139770,139771],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[14,139773,197],{},[34,139775,139777],{"className":36,"code":139776,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139778,139779,139802,139816,139820],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139780,139781,139783,139785,139787,139790,139793,139795,139797,139800],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139782,927],{"class":207},[43,139784,212],{"class":211},[43,139786,932],{"class":81},[43,139788,139789],{"class":85},"Python   is",[43,139791,139792],{"class":34776},"\\t",[43,139794,133554],{"class":85},[43,139796,87212],{"class":34776},[43,139798,139799],{"class":85},"and useful",[43,139801,938],{"class":81},[43,139803,139804,139806,139808,139810,139812,139814],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,139805,42888],{"class":207},[43,139807,212],{"class":211},[43,139809,42893],{"class":207},[43,139811,315],{"class":53},[43,139813,34792],{"class":236},[43,139815,1728],{"class":53},[43,139817,139818],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,139819,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,139821,139822,139824,139826,139828],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,139823,50],{"class":49},[43,139825,54],{"class":53},[43,139827,42920],{"class":236},[43,139829,227],{"class":53},[14,139831,110],{},[34,139833,139835],{"className":36,"code":139834,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[18,139836,139837],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139838,139839,139841,139843,139845,139847,139849,139851,139853,139855,139857,139859,139861,139863,139865,139867,139869,139871,139873,139875,139878,139880],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139840,4221],{"class":53},[43,139842,283],{"class":81},[43,139844,7621],{"class":85},[43,139846,283],{"class":81},[43,139848,800],{"class":53},[43,139850,278],{"class":81},[43,139852,12512],{"class":85},[43,139854,283],{"class":81},[43,139856,800],{"class":53},[43,139858,278],{"class":81},[43,139860,133554],{"class":85},[43,139862,283],{"class":81},[43,139864,800],{"class":53},[43,139866,278],{"class":81},[43,139868,130179],{"class":85},[43,139870,283],{"class":81},[43,139872,800],{"class":53},[43,139874,278],{"class":81},[43,139876,139877],{"class":85},"useful",[43,139879,283],{"class":81},[43,139881,3955],{"class":53},[14,139883,139884],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[402,139886,139888,10901,139890],{"id":139887},"split-vs-split",[18,139889,60589],{},[18,139891,139892],{},"split(' ')",[14,139894,139895],{},"These are not the same.",[34,139897,139899],{"className":36,"code":139898,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[18,139900,139901,139914,139918,139932],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139902,139903,139905,139907,139909,139912],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139904,927],{"class":207},[43,139906,212],{"class":211},[43,139908,932],{"class":81},[43,139910,139911],{"class":85},"a  b   c",[43,139913,938],{"class":81},[43,139915,139916],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,139917,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,139919,139920,139922,139924,139926,139928,139930],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,139921,50],{"class":49},[43,139923,54],{"class":53},[43,139925,951],{"class":236},[43,139927,315],{"class":53},[43,139929,34792],{"class":236},[43,139931,341],{"class":53},[43,139933,139934,139936,139938,139940,139942,139944,139946,139948,139950],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,139935,50],{"class":49},[43,139937,54],{"class":53},[43,139939,951],{"class":236},[43,139941,315],{"class":53},[43,139943,34792],{"class":236},[43,139945,54],{"class":53},[43,139947,82],{"class":81},[43,139949,932],{"class":81},[43,139951,67],{"class":53},[14,139953,110],{},[34,139955,139957],{"className":36,"code":139956,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[18,139958,139959,139987],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,139960,139961,139963,139965,139967,139969,139971,139973,139975,139977,139979,139981,139983,139985],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,139962,4221],{"class":53},[43,139964,283],{"class":81},[43,139966,189],{"class":85},[43,139968,283],{"class":81},[43,139970,800],{"class":53},[43,139972,278],{"class":81},[43,139974,1231],{"class":85},[43,139976,283],{"class":81},[43,139978,800],{"class":53},[43,139980,278],{"class":81},[43,139982,10055],{"class":85},[43,139984,283],{"class":81},[43,139986,3955],{"class":53},[43,139988,139989,139991,139993,139995,139997,139999,140001,140003,140005,140007,140009,140011,140013,140015,140017,140019,140021,140023,140025],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,139990,4221],{"class":53},[43,139992,283],{"class":81},[43,139994,189],{"class":85},[43,139996,283],{"class":81},[43,139998,800],{"class":53},[43,140000,4160],{"class":81},[43,140002,800],{"class":53},[43,140004,278],{"class":81},[43,140006,1231],{"class":85},[43,140008,283],{"class":81},[43,140010,800],{"class":53},[43,140012,4160],{"class":81},[43,140014,800],{"class":53},[43,140016,4160],{"class":81},[43,140018,800],{"class":53},[43,140020,278],{"class":81},[43,140022,10055],{"class":85},[43,140024,283],{"class":81},[43,140026,3955],{"class":53},[150,140028,140029,140034],{},[153,140030,140031,140033],{},[18,140032,60589],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[153,140035,140036,140039],{},[18,140037,140038],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[14,140041,140042,140043,140047],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[189,140044,126414,140045,11055],{"href":136984},[18,140046,1691],{}," is often useful.",[29,140049,140051],{"id":140050},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[14,140053,140054,140055,2534,140058,2537,140060,315],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[18,140056,140057],{},"\",\"",[18,140059,133653],{},[18,140061,140062],{},"\"::\"",[14,140064,140065],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[14,140067,140068],{},"Example with commas:",[34,140070,140072],{"className":36,"code":140071,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,140073,140074,140086,140108,140112],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140075,140076,140078,140080,140082,140084],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140077,927],{"class":207},[43,140079,212],{"class":211},[43,140081,932],{"class":81},[43,140083,139452],{"class":85},[43,140085,938],{"class":81},[43,140087,140088,140090,140092,140094,140096,140098,140100,140102,140104,140106],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,140089,42888],{"class":207},[43,140091,212],{"class":211},[43,140093,42893],{"class":207},[43,140095,315],{"class":53},[43,140097,34792],{"class":236},[43,140099,54],{"class":53},[43,140101,82],{"class":81},[43,140103,800],{"class":85},[43,140105,82],{"class":81},[43,140107,227],{"class":53},[43,140109,140110],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,140111,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,140113,140114,140116,140118,140120],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,140115,50],{"class":49},[43,140117,54],{"class":53},[43,140119,42920],{"class":236},[43,140121,227],{"class":53},[14,140123,110],{},[34,140125,140126],{"className":36,"code":78509,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,140127,140128],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140129,140130,140132,140134,140136,140138,140140,140142,140144,140146,140148,140150,140152,140154],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140131,4221],{"class":53},[43,140133,283],{"class":81},[43,140135,4401],{"class":85},[43,140137,283],{"class":81},[43,140139,800],{"class":53},[43,140141,278],{"class":81},[43,140143,4410],{"class":85},[43,140145,283],{"class":81},[43,140147,800],{"class":53},[43,140149,278],{"class":81},[43,140151,4419],{"class":85},[43,140153,283],{"class":81},[43,140155,3955],{"class":53},[14,140157,140158],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[34,140160,140162],{"className":36,"code":140161,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,140163,140164,140177,140199,140203],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140165,140166,140168,140170,140172,140175],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140167,927],{"class":207},[43,140169,212],{"class":211},[43,140171,932],{"class":81},[43,140173,140174],{"class":85},"2024::10::31",[43,140176,938],{"class":81},[43,140178,140179,140181,140183,140185,140187,140189,140191,140193,140195,140197],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,140180,42888],{"class":207},[43,140182,212],{"class":211},[43,140184,42893],{"class":207},[43,140186,315],{"class":53},[43,140188,34792],{"class":236},[43,140190,54],{"class":53},[43,140192,82],{"class":81},[43,140194,76726],{"class":85},[43,140196,82],{"class":81},[43,140198,227],{"class":53},[43,140200,140201],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,140202,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,140204,140205,140207,140209,140211],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,140206,50],{"class":49},[43,140208,54],{"class":53},[43,140210,42920],{"class":236},[43,140212,227],{"class":53},[14,140214,110],{},[34,140216,140218],{"className":36,"code":140217,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[18,140219,140220],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140221,140222,140224,140226,140229,140231,140233,140235,140237,140239,140241,140243,140246,140248],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140223,4221],{"class":53},[43,140225,283],{"class":81},[43,140227,140228],{"class":85},"2024",[43,140230,283],{"class":81},[43,140232,800],{"class":53},[43,140234,278],{"class":81},[43,140236,512],{"class":85},[43,140238,283],{"class":81},[43,140240,800],{"class":53},[43,140242,278],{"class":81},[43,140244,140245],{"class":85},"31",[43,140247,283],{"class":81},[43,140249,3955],{"class":53},[14,140251,140252],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[14,140254,140255,140256,315],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[189,140257,129098],{"href":129097},[29,140259,8738,140261],{"id":140260},"using-maxsplit",[18,140262,139669],{},[14,140264,140265,140267],{},[18,140266,139669],{}," limits the number of splits.",[14,140269,140270],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[14,140272,197],{},[34,140274,140276],{"className":36,"code":140275,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,140277,140278,140291,140317,140321],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140279,140280,140282,140284,140286,140289],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140281,927],{"class":207},[43,140283,212],{"class":211},[43,140285,932],{"class":81},[43,140287,140288],{"class":85},"name:age:city:country",[43,140290,938],{"class":81},[43,140292,140293,140295,140297,140299,140301,140303,140305,140307,140309,140311,140313,140315],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,140294,42888],{"class":207},[43,140296,212],{"class":211},[43,140298,42893],{"class":207},[43,140300,315],{"class":53},[43,140302,34792],{"class":236},[43,140304,54],{"class":53},[43,140306,82],{"class":81},[43,140308,325],{"class":85},[43,140310,82],{"class":81},[43,140312,800],{"class":53},[43,140314,803],{"class":63},[43,140316,227],{"class":53},[43,140318,140319],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,140320,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,140322,140323,140325,140327,140329],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,140324,50],{"class":49},[43,140326,54],{"class":53},[43,140328,42920],{"class":236},[43,140330,227],{"class":53},[14,140332,110],{},[34,140334,140336],{"className":36,"code":140335,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[18,140337,140338],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140339,140340,140342,140344,140346,140348,140350,140352,140354,140356,140358,140360,140363,140365],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140341,4221],{"class":53},[43,140343,283],{"class":81},[43,140345,7992],{"class":85},[43,140347,283],{"class":81},[43,140349,800],{"class":53},[43,140351,278],{"class":81},[43,140353,9615],{"class":85},[43,140355,283],{"class":81},[43,140357,800],{"class":53},[43,140359,278],{"class":81},[43,140361,140362],{"class":85},"city:country",[43,140364,283],{"class":81},[43,140366,3955],{"class":53},[14,140368,2524],{},[150,140370,140371,140376,140381],{},[153,140372,140373,140374],{},"Python splits at the first ",[18,140375,325],{},[153,140377,140378,140379],{},"then splits at the second ",[18,140380,325],{},[153,140382,140383],{},"then stops",[14,140385,140386],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[14,140388,52135],{},[34,140390,140392],{"className":36,"code":140391,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[18,140393,140394,140407],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140395,140396,140398,140400,140402,140405],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140397,927],{"class":207},[43,140399,212],{"class":211},[43,140401,932],{"class":81},[43,140403,140404],{"class":85},"apple banana cherry grape",[43,140406,938],{"class":81},[43,140408,140409,140411,140413,140415,140417,140419,140421,140423,140425,140427,140429],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,140410,50],{"class":49},[43,140412,54],{"class":53},[43,140414,951],{"class":236},[43,140416,315],{"class":53},[43,140418,34792],{"class":236},[43,140420,54],{"class":53},[43,140422,82],{"class":81},[43,140424,932],{"class":81},[43,140426,800],{"class":53},[43,140428,5823],{"class":63},[43,140430,67],{"class":53},[14,140432,110],{},[34,140434,140436],{"className":36,"code":140435,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[18,140437,140438],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140439,140440,140442,140444,140446,140448,140450,140452,140455,140457],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140441,4221],{"class":53},[43,140443,283],{"class":81},[43,140445,4401],{"class":85},[43,140447,283],{"class":81},[43,140449,800],{"class":53},[43,140451,278],{"class":81},[43,140453,140454],{"class":85},"banana cherry grape",[43,140456,283],{"class":81},[43,140458,3955],{"class":53},[29,140460,3998,140462,12023],{"id":140461},"what-split-returns",[18,140463,60589],{},[14,140465,140466,140467,140469,140470,315],{},"The result of ",[18,140468,60589],{}," is always a ",[913,140471,849],{},[14,140473,140474],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[14,140476,197],{},[34,140478,140480],{"className":36,"code":140479,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[18,140481,140482,140495,140517,140521,140531,140545],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140483,140484,140486,140488,140490,140493],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140485,927],{"class":207},[43,140487,212],{"class":211},[43,140489,932],{"class":81},[43,140491,140492],{"class":85},"cat,dog,bird",[43,140494,938],{"class":81},[43,140496,140497,140499,140501,140503,140505,140507,140509,140511,140513,140515],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,140498,42888],{"class":207},[43,140500,212],{"class":211},[43,140502,42893],{"class":207},[43,140504,315],{"class":53},[43,140506,34792],{"class":236},[43,140508,54],{"class":53},[43,140510,82],{"class":81},[43,140512,800],{"class":85},[43,140514,82],{"class":81},[43,140516,227],{"class":53},[43,140518,140519],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,140520,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,140522,140523,140525,140527,140529],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,140524,50],{"class":49},[43,140526,54],{"class":53},[43,140528,42920],{"class":236},[43,140530,227],{"class":53},[43,140532,140533,140535,140537,140539,140541,140543],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,140534,50],{"class":49},[43,140536,54],{"class":53},[43,140538,248],{"class":57},[43,140540,54],{"class":53},[43,140542,42920],{"class":236},[43,140544,67],{"class":53},[43,140546,140547,140549,140551,140553,140555,140557],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,140548,50],{"class":49},[43,140550,54],{"class":53},[43,140552,42920],{"class":236},[43,140554,4221],{"class":53},[43,140556,2466],{"class":63},[43,140558,4209],{"class":53},[14,140560,110],{},[34,140562,140564],{"className":36,"code":140563,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[18,140565,140566,140594,140608],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140567,140568,140570,140572,140574,140576,140578,140580,140582,140584,140586,140588,140590,140592],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140569,4221],{"class":53},[43,140571,283],{"class":81},[43,140573,37372],{"class":85},[43,140575,283],{"class":81},[43,140577,800],{"class":53},[43,140579,278],{"class":81},[43,140581,58184],{"class":85},[43,140583,283],{"class":81},[43,140585,800],{"class":53},[43,140587,278],{"class":81},[43,140589,58201],{"class":85},[43,140591,283],{"class":81},[43,140593,3955],{"class":53},[43,140595,140596,140598,140600,140602,140604,140606],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,140597,271],{"class":211},[43,140599,275],{"class":274},[43,140601,278],{"class":81},[43,140603,849],{"class":85},[43,140605,283],{"class":81},[43,140607,286],{"class":211},[43,140609,140610],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,140611,85528],{"class":207},[14,140613,140614],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[150,140616,140617,140620,140623],{},[153,140618,140619],{},"loop over it",[153,140621,140622],{},"access items by index",[153,140624,140625],{},"combine items again later",[14,140627,140628,140629,315],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[189,140630,126414,140632,11055],{"href":140631},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[18,140633,133496],{},[14,140635,197],{},[34,140637,140639],{"className":36,"code":140638,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[18,140640,140641,140673,140695,140699],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140642,140643,140645,140647,140649,140651,140653,140655,140657,140659,140661,140663,140665,140667,140669,140671],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140644,42888],{"class":207},[43,140646,212],{"class":211},[43,140648,3942],{"class":53},[43,140650,283],{"class":81},[43,140652,37372],{"class":85},[43,140654,283],{"class":81},[43,140656,800],{"class":53},[43,140658,278],{"class":81},[43,140660,58184],{"class":85},[43,140662,283],{"class":81},[43,140664,800],{"class":53},[43,140666,278],{"class":81},[43,140668,58201],{"class":85},[43,140670,283],{"class":81},[43,140672,3955],{"class":53},[43,140674,140675,140677,140679,140681,140683,140685,140687,140689,140691,140693],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,140676,927],{"class":207},[43,140678,212],{"class":211},[43,140680,932],{"class":81},[43,140682,444],{"class":85},[43,140684,82],{"class":81},[43,140686,315],{"class":53},[43,140688,133573],{"class":236},[43,140690,54],{"class":53},[43,140692,42920],{"class":236},[43,140694,227],{"class":53},[43,140696,140697],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,140698,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,140700,140701,140703,140705,140707],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,140702,50],{"class":49},[43,140704,54],{"class":53},[43,140706,951],{"class":236},[43,140708,227],{"class":53},[14,140710,110],{},[34,140712,140714],{"className":36,"code":140713,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"cat-dog-bird\n",[18,140715,140716],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140717,140718,140720,140722,140724,140726],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140719,37372],{"class":207},[43,140721,444],{"class":211},[43,140723,58184],{"class":207},[43,140725,444],{"class":211},[43,140727,140728],{"class":207},"bird\n",[29,140730,140732],{"id":140731},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[14,140734,140735],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[402,140737,140739],{"id":140738},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[34,140741,140743],{"className":36,"code":140742,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[18,140744,140745,140753],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140746,140747,140749,140751],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140748,927],{"class":207},[43,140750,212],{"class":211},[43,140752,8207],{"class":81},[43,140754,140755,140757,140759,140761,140763,140765],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,140756,50],{"class":49},[43,140758,54],{"class":53},[43,140760,951],{"class":236},[43,140762,315],{"class":53},[43,140764,34792],{"class":236},[43,140766,341],{"class":53},[14,140768,110],{},[34,140770,140771],{"className":36,"code":38623,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,140772,140773],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140774,140775],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140776,38623],{"class":53},[402,140778,140780],{"id":140779},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[34,140782,140784],{"className":36,"code":140783,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[18,140785,140786,140794],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140787,140788,140790,140792],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140789,927],{"class":207},[43,140791,212],{"class":211},[43,140793,8207],{"class":81},[43,140795,140796,140798,140800,140802,140804,140806,140808,140810,140812,140814],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,140797,50],{"class":49},[43,140799,54],{"class":53},[43,140801,951],{"class":236},[43,140803,315],{"class":53},[43,140805,34792],{"class":236},[43,140807,54],{"class":53},[43,140809,82],{"class":81},[43,140811,800],{"class":85},[43,140813,82],{"class":81},[43,140815,67],{"class":53},[14,140817,110],{},[34,140819,140821],{"className":36,"code":140820,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['']\n",[18,140822,140823],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140824,140825,140827,140829],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140826,4221],{"class":53},[43,140828,4094],{"class":81},[43,140830,3955],{"class":53},[402,140832,140834],{"id":140833},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[14,140836,140837],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[34,140839,140841],{"className":36,"code":140840,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[18,140842,140843,140855],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140844,140845,140847,140849,140851,140853],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140846,927],{"class":207},[43,140848,212],{"class":211},[43,140850,932],{"class":81},[43,140852,710],{"class":85},[43,140854,938],{"class":81},[43,140856,140857,140859,140861,140863,140865,140867,140869,140871,140873,140875],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,140858,50],{"class":49},[43,140860,54],{"class":53},[43,140862,951],{"class":236},[43,140864,315],{"class":53},[43,140866,34792],{"class":236},[43,140868,54],{"class":53},[43,140870,82],{"class":81},[43,140872,800],{"class":85},[43,140874,82],{"class":81},[43,140876,67],{"class":53},[14,140878,110],{},[34,140880,140882],{"className":36,"code":140881,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"['hello']\n",[18,140883,140884],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140885,140886,140888,140890,140892,140894],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140887,4221],{"class":53},[43,140889,283],{"class":81},[43,140891,710],{"class":85},[43,140893,283],{"class":81},[43,140895,3955],{"class":53},[29,140897,5284,140899],{"id":140898},"when-to-use-split",[18,140900,60589],{},[14,140902,133,140903,140905],{},[18,140904,60589],{}," when you need to:",[150,140907,140908,140911,140914],{},[153,140909,140910],{},"split a sentence into words",[153,140912,140913],{},"split comma-separated values",[153,140915,140916],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[14,140918,140919],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[150,140921,140922,140925,140928],{},[153,140923,140924],{},"cleaning text",[153,140926,140927],{},"parsing user input",[153,140929,140930],{},"processing simple file content",[29,140932,3160],{"id":3159},[14,140934,84299],{},[150,140936,140937,140941,140947,140950,140958],{},[153,140938,50560,140939,131634],{},[18,140940,60589],{},[153,140942,140943,140944,140946],{},"forgetting that ",[18,140945,60589],{}," returns a list, not a string",[153,140948,140949],{},"using the wrong separator",[153,140951,140952,140953,140955,140956],{},"assuming ",[18,140954,139892],{}," behaves the same as ",[18,140957,60589],{},[153,140959,140960],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[14,140962,140963],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[34,140965,140967],{"className":36,"code":140966,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[18,140968,140969,140981,140999,141003],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,140970,140971,140973,140975,140977,140979],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,140972,927],{"class":207},[43,140974,212],{"class":211},[43,140976,932],{"class":81},[43,140978,42881],{"class":85},[43,140980,938],{"class":81},[43,140982,140983,140985,140987,140989,140991,140993,140995,140997],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,140984,951],{"class":207},[43,140986,315],{"class":53},[43,140988,34792],{"class":236},[43,140990,54],{"class":53},[43,140992,82],{"class":81},[43,140994,800],{"class":85},[43,140996,82],{"class":81},[43,140998,227],{"class":53},[43,141000,141001],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,141002,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,141004,141005,141007,141009,141011],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,141006,50],{"class":49},[43,141008,54],{"class":53},[43,141010,951],{"class":236},[43,141012,227],{"class":53},[14,141014,110],{},[34,141016,141018],{"className":36,"code":141017,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a,b,c\n",[18,141019,141020],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141021,141022,141024,141026,141028,141030],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141023,189],{"class":207},[43,141025,800],{"class":53},[43,141027,1231],{"class":207},[43,141029,800],{"class":53},[43,141031,69305],{"class":207},[14,141033,141034],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[14,141036,11122],{},[34,141038,141039],{"className":36,"code":42868,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,141040,141041,141053,141075,141079],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141042,141043,141045,141047,141049,141051],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141044,927],{"class":207},[43,141046,212],{"class":211},[43,141048,932],{"class":81},[43,141050,42881],{"class":85},[43,141052,938],{"class":81},[43,141054,141055,141057,141059,141061,141063,141065,141067,141069,141071,141073],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,141056,42888],{"class":207},[43,141058,212],{"class":211},[43,141060,42893],{"class":207},[43,141062,315],{"class":53},[43,141064,34792],{"class":236},[43,141066,54],{"class":53},[43,141068,82],{"class":81},[43,141070,800],{"class":85},[43,141072,82],{"class":81},[43,141074,227],{"class":53},[43,141076,141077],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,141078,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,141080,141081,141083,141085,141087],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,141082,50],{"class":49},[43,141084,54],{"class":53},[43,141086,42920],{"class":236},[43,141088,227],{"class":53},[14,141090,110],{},[34,141092,141093],{"className":36,"code":42927,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,141094,141095],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141096,141097,141099,141101,141103,141105,141107,141109,141111,141113,141115,141117,141119,141121],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141098,4221],{"class":53},[43,141100,283],{"class":81},[43,141102,189],{"class":85},[43,141104,283],{"class":81},[43,141106,800],{"class":53},[43,141108,278],{"class":81},[43,141110,1231],{"class":85},[43,141112,283],{"class":81},[43,141114,800],{"class":53},[43,141116,278],{"class":81},[43,141118,10055],{"class":85},[43,141120,283],{"class":81},[43,141122,3955],{"class":53},[14,141124,141125],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[34,141127,141129],{"className":36,"code":141128,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[18,141130,141131,141144,141166,141170],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141132,141133,141135,141137,141139,141142],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141134,927],{"class":207},[43,141136,212],{"class":211},[43,141138,932],{"class":81},[43,141140,141141],{"class":85},"apple,banana",[43,141143,938],{"class":81},[43,141145,141146,141148,141150,141152,141154,141156,141158,141160,141162,141164],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,141147,42888],{"class":207},[43,141149,212],{"class":211},[43,141151,42893],{"class":207},[43,141153,315],{"class":53},[43,141155,34792],{"class":236},[43,141157,54],{"class":53},[43,141159,82],{"class":81},[43,141161,800],{"class":85},[43,141163,82],{"class":81},[43,141165,227],{"class":53},[43,141167,141168],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,141169,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,141171,141172,141174,141176,141178,141180,141182],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,141173,50],{"class":49},[43,141175,54],{"class":53},[43,141177,42920],{"class":236},[43,141179,4221],{"class":53},[43,141181,447],{"class":63},[43,141183,4209],{"class":53},[14,141185,141186,141187,315],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[189,141188,69318],{"href":69317},[402,141190,60768],{"id":60767},[14,141192,9194,141193,141195],{},[18,141194,60589],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[34,141197,141199],{"className":36,"code":141198,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[18,141200,141201,141211,141225,141247,141273],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141202,141203,141205,141207,141209],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141204,50],{"class":49},[43,141206,54],{"class":53},[43,141208,951],{"class":236},[43,141210,227],{"class":53},[43,141212,141213,141215,141217,141219,141221,141223],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,141214,50],{"class":49},[43,141216,54],{"class":53},[43,141218,951],{"class":236},[43,141220,315],{"class":53},[43,141222,34792],{"class":236},[43,141224,341],{"class":53},[43,141226,141227,141229,141231,141233,141235,141237,141239,141241,141243,141245],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,141228,50],{"class":49},[43,141230,54],{"class":53},[43,141232,951],{"class":236},[43,141234,315],{"class":53},[43,141236,34792],{"class":236},[43,141238,54],{"class":53},[43,141240,283],{"class":81},[43,141242,800],{"class":85},[43,141244,283],{"class":81},[43,141246,67],{"class":53},[43,141248,141249,141251,141253,141255,141257,141259,141261,141263,141265,141267,141269,141271],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,141250,50],{"class":49},[43,141252,54],{"class":53},[43,141254,11477],{"class":49},[43,141256,54],{"class":53},[43,141258,951],{"class":236},[43,141260,315],{"class":53},[43,141262,34792],{"class":236},[43,141264,54],{"class":53},[43,141266,283],{"class":81},[43,141268,800],{"class":85},[43,141270,283],{"class":81},[43,141272,3239],{"class":53},[43,141274,141275,141277,141279,141281,141283,141285,141287,141289,141291,141293,141295,141297],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,141276,50],{"class":49},[43,141278,54],{"class":53},[43,141280,248],{"class":57},[43,141282,54],{"class":53},[43,141284,951],{"class":236},[43,141286,315],{"class":53},[43,141288,34792],{"class":236},[43,141290,54],{"class":53},[43,141292,283],{"class":81},[43,141294,800],{"class":85},[43,141296,283],{"class":81},[43,141298,3239],{"class":53},[14,141300,11486],{},[150,141302,141303,141306,141309,141312],{},[153,141304,141305],{},"what the original string looks like",[153,141307,141308],{},"which separator works",[153,141310,141311],{},"how many items were created",[153,141313,141314],{},"that the result is a list",[29,141316,2162],{"id":2161},[402,141318,5503,141320,895,141322,2822],{"id":141319},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[18,141321,60589],{},[18,141323,139892],{},[14,141325,141326,141328],{},[18,141327,60589],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[14,141330,141331,141333],{},[18,141332,139892],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[402,141335,13023,141337,124741],{"id":141336},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[18,141338,60589],{},[14,141340,141341,141342,56535],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[18,141343,60589],{},[402,141345,5466,141347,40286],{"id":141346},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[18,141348,139669],{},[14,141350,141351],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[402,141353,141355],{"id":141354},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[14,141357,2194,141358,141360],{},[18,141359,60589],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[29,141362,2229],{"id":2228},[150,141364,141365,141369,141375,141381,141385],{},[153,141366,141367],{},[189,141368,130019],{"href":129097},[153,141370,141371],{},[189,141372,126414,141373,11055],{"href":140631},[18,141374,133496],{},[153,141376,141377],{},[189,141378,126414,141379,11055],{"href":136984},[18,141380,1691],{},[153,141382,141383],{},[189,141384,125169],{"href":51030},[153,141386,141387],{},[189,141388,69318],{"href":69317},[2262,141390,141391],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":141393},[141394,141395,141397,141398,141403,141404,141406,141408,141413,141415,141418,141427],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":139499,"depth":70,"text":141396},"What split() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":139747,"depth":70,"text":141399,"children":141400},"Using split() with no separator",[141401],{"id":139887,"depth":93,"text":141402},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":140050,"depth":70,"text":140051},{"id":140260,"depth":70,"text":141405},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140461,"depth":70,"text":141407},"What split() returns",{"id":140731,"depth":70,"text":140732,"children":141409},[141410,141411,141412],{"id":140738,"depth":93,"text":140739},{"id":140779,"depth":93,"text":140780},{"id":140833,"depth":93,"text":140834},{"id":140898,"depth":70,"text":141414},"When to use split()",{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160,"children":141416},[141417],{"id":60767,"depth":93,"text":60768},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":141419},[141420,141422,141424,141426],{"id":141319,"depth":93,"text":141421},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141336,"depth":93,"text":141423},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141346,"depth":93,"text":141425},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141354,"depth":93,"text":141355},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139408,"description":141428},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141435,"title":141436,"body":141437,"description":143380,"extension":2312,"meta":143381,"navigation":958,"path":143382,"seo":143383,"stem":143384,"__hash__":143385},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141438,"toc":143339},[141439,141444,141449,141456,141529,141534,141539,141544,141560,141562,141632,141634,141636,141656,141658,141703,141708,141710,141808,141813,141817,141822,141826,141829,141871,141875,141878,141923,141927,141930,141980,141984,141989,142041,142043,142048,142059,142064,142144,142146,142158,142167,142174,142189,142191,142306,142312,142316,142319,142324,142466,142469,142476,142478,142482,142490,142559,142565,142614,142619,142624,142626,142646,142648,142714,142716,142720,142723,142727,142768,142770,142803,142808,142811,142838,142840,142883,142890,142895,142905,142971,142975,142983,142988,143039,143043,143046,143048,143057,143059,143109,143111,143218,143220,143225,143232,143238,143241,143272,143277,143279,143286,143294,143303,143306,143308,143336],[10,141440,123414,141442,11638],{"id":141441},"python-string-startswith-method",[18,141443,127782],{},[14,141445,123419,141446,141448],{},[18,141447,127782],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[14,141450,126480,141451,2172,141453,141455],{},[18,141452,105],{},[18,141454,613],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[34,141457,141459],{"className":36,"code":141458,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[18,141460,141461,141474,141478,141503],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141462,141463,141465,141467,141469,141472],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141464,927],{"class":207},[43,141466,212],{"class":211},[43,141468,932],{"class":81},[43,141470,141471],{"class":85},"Python Beginner Help",[43,141473,938],{"class":81},[43,141475,141476],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,141477,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,141479,141480,141482,141484,141486,141488,141491,141493,141495,141497,141499,141501],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,141481,50],{"class":49},[43,141483,54],{"class":53},[43,141485,951],{"class":236},[43,141487,315],{"class":53},[43,141489,141490],{"class":236},"startswith",[43,141492,54],{"class":53},[43,141494,82],{"class":81},[43,141496,7621],{"class":85},[43,141498,82],{"class":81},[43,141500,5686],{"class":53},[43,141502,43907],{"class":3984},[43,141504,141505,141507,141509,141511,141513,141515,141517,141519,141522,141524,141526],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,141506,50],{"class":49},[43,141508,54],{"class":53},[43,141510,951],{"class":236},[43,141512,315],{"class":53},[43,141514,141490],{"class":236},[43,141516,54],{"class":53},[43,141518,82],{"class":81},[43,141520,141521],{"class":85},"Beginner",[43,141523,82],{"class":81},[43,141525,5686],{"class":53},[43,141527,141528],{"class":3984}," # False\n",[14,141530,133,141531,141533],{},[18,141532,127782],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[29,141535,3998,141537,4001],{"id":141536},"what-startswith-does",[18,141538,127782],{},[14,141540,141541,141543],{},[18,141542,127782],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[150,141545,141546,141549,141555,141557],{},[153,141547,141548],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[153,141550,2206,141551,2172,141553],{},[18,141552,105],{},[18,141554,613],{},[153,141556,123557],{},[153,141558,141559],{},"It works only on strings",[14,141561,197],{},[34,141563,141565],{"className":36,"code":141564,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[18,141566,141567,141579,141583,141608],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141568,141569,141571,141573,141575,141577],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141570,8202],{"class":207},[43,141572,212],{"class":211},[43,141574,932],{"class":81},[43,141576,7621],{"class":85},[43,141578,938],{"class":81},[43,141580,141581],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,141582,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,141584,141585,141587,141589,141591,141593,141595,141597,141599,141602,141604,141606],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,141586,50],{"class":49},[43,141588,54],{"class":53},[43,141590,7992],{"class":236},[43,141592,315],{"class":53},[43,141594,141490],{"class":236},[43,141596,54],{"class":53},[43,141598,82],{"class":81},[43,141600,141601],{"class":85},"Py",[43,141603,82],{"class":81},[43,141605,5686],{"class":53},[43,141607,43907],{"class":3984},[43,141609,141610,141612,141614,141616,141618,141620,141622,141624,141626,141628,141630],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,141611,50],{"class":49},[43,141613,54],{"class":53},[43,141615,7992],{"class":236},[43,141617,315],{"class":53},[43,141619,141490],{"class":236},[43,141621,54],{"class":53},[43,141623,82],{"class":81},[43,141625,128860],{"class":85},[43,141627,82],{"class":81},[43,141629,5686],{"class":53},[43,141631,43924],{"class":3984},[29,141633,290],{"id":289},[14,141635,42436],{},[34,141637,141639],{"className":36,"code":141638,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[18,141640,141641],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141642,141643,141645,141647,141649,141651,141654],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141644,61232],{"class":207},[43,141646,315],{"class":53},[43,141648,141490],{"class":236},[43,141650,54],{"class":53},[43,141652,141653],{"class":236},"prefix",[43,141655,227],{"class":53},[14,141657,31085],{},[34,141659,141661],{"className":36,"code":141660,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[18,141662,141663,141681],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141664,141665,141667,141669,141671,141673,141675,141677,141679],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141666,61232],{"class":207},[43,141668,315],{"class":53},[43,141670,141490],{"class":236},[43,141672,54],{"class":53},[43,141674,141653],{"class":236},[43,141676,800],{"class":53},[43,141678,36375],{"class":236},[43,141680,227],{"class":53},[43,141682,141683,141685,141687,141689,141691,141693,141695,141697,141699,141701],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,141684,61232],{"class":207},[43,141686,315],{"class":53},[43,141688,141490],{"class":236},[43,141690,54],{"class":53},[43,141692,141653],{"class":236},[43,141694,800],{"class":53},[43,141696,36375],{"class":236},[43,141698,800],{"class":53},[43,141700,65099],{"class":236},[43,141702,227],{"class":53},[14,141704,21094,141705,141707],{},[18,141706,141653],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[14,141709,197],{},[34,141711,141713],{"className":36,"code":141712,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[18,141714,141715,141727,141731,141756,141780],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141716,141717,141719,141721,141723,141725],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141718,927],{"class":207},[43,141720,212],{"class":211},[43,141722,932],{"class":81},[43,141724,60464],{"class":85},[43,141726,938],{"class":81},[43,141728,141729],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,141730,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,141732,141733,141735,141737,141739,141741,141743,141745,141747,141749,141751,141753],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,141734,50],{"class":49},[43,141736,54],{"class":53},[43,141738,951],{"class":236},[43,141740,315],{"class":53},[43,141742,141490],{"class":236},[43,141744,54],{"class":53},[43,141746,82],{"class":81},[43,141748,710],{"class":85},[43,141750,82],{"class":81},[43,141752,5686],{"class":53},[43,141754,141755],{"class":3984},"      # True\n",[43,141757,141758,141760,141762,141764,141766,141768,141770,141772,141774,141776,141778],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,141759,50],{"class":49},[43,141761,54],{"class":53},[43,141763,951],{"class":236},[43,141765,315],{"class":53},[43,141767,141490],{"class":236},[43,141769,54],{"class":53},[43,141771,82],{"class":81},[43,141773,60649],{"class":85},[43,141775,82],{"class":81},[43,141777,5686],{"class":53},[43,141779,21524],{"class":3984},[43,141781,141782,141784,141786,141788,141790,141792,141794,141796,141798,141800,141802,141804,141806],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,141783,50],{"class":49},[43,141785,54],{"class":53},[43,141787,951],{"class":236},[43,141789,315],{"class":53},[43,141791,141490],{"class":236},[43,141793,54],{"class":53},[43,141795,82],{"class":81},[43,141797,60649],{"class":85},[43,141799,82],{"class":81},[43,141801,800],{"class":53},[43,141803,37969],{"class":63},[43,141805,5686],{"class":53},[43,141807,43907],{"class":3984},[14,141809,141810,141811,315],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[189,141812,125169],{"href":51030},[29,141814,141816],{"id":141815},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[14,141818,141819,141821],{},[18,141820,127782],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[402,141823,141824],{"id":141653},[18,141825,141653],{},[14,141827,141828],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[34,141830,141832],{"className":36,"code":141831,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[18,141833,141834,141846],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141835,141836,141838,141840,141842,141844],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141837,927],{"class":207},[43,141839,212],{"class":211},[43,141841,932],{"class":81},[43,141843,4410],{"class":85},[43,141845,938],{"class":81},[43,141847,141848,141850,141852,141854,141856,141858,141860,141862,141865,141867,141869],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,141849,50],{"class":49},[43,141851,54],{"class":53},[43,141853,951],{"class":236},[43,141855,315],{"class":53},[43,141857,141490],{"class":236},[43,141859,54],{"class":53},[43,141861,82],{"class":81},[43,141863,141864],{"class":85},"ban",[43,141866,82],{"class":81},[43,141868,5686],{"class":53},[43,141870,3985],{"class":3984},[402,141872,141873],{"id":36396},[18,141874,36396],{},[14,141876,141877],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[34,141879,141881],{"className":36,"code":141880,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[18,141882,141883,141895],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141884,141885,141887,141889,141891,141893],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141886,927],{"class":207},[43,141888,212],{"class":211},[43,141890,932],{"class":81},[43,141892,60464],{"class":85},[43,141894,938],{"class":81},[43,141896,141897,141899,141901,141903,141905,141907,141909,141911,141913,141915,141917,141919,141921],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,141898,50],{"class":49},[43,141900,54],{"class":53},[43,141902,951],{"class":236},[43,141904,315],{"class":53},[43,141906,141490],{"class":236},[43,141908,54],{"class":53},[43,141910,82],{"class":81},[43,141912,60649],{"class":85},[43,141914,82],{"class":81},[43,141916,800],{"class":53},[43,141918,37969],{"class":63},[43,141920,5686],{"class":53},[43,141922,3985],{"class":3984},[402,141924,141925],{"id":52716},[18,141926,52716],{},[14,141928,141929],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[34,141931,141933],{"className":36,"code":141932,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[18,141934,141935,141947],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141936,141937,141939,141941,141943,141945],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141938,927],{"class":207},[43,141940,212],{"class":211},[43,141942,932],{"class":81},[43,141944,60464],{"class":85},[43,141946,938],{"class":81},[43,141948,141949,141951,141953,141955,141957,141959,141961,141963,141966,141968,141970,141972,141974,141976,141978],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,141950,50],{"class":49},[43,141952,54],{"class":53},[43,141954,951],{"class":236},[43,141956,315],{"class":53},[43,141958,141490],{"class":236},[43,141960,54],{"class":53},[43,141962,82],{"class":81},[43,141964,141965],{"class":85},"wor",[43,141967,82],{"class":81},[43,141969,800],{"class":53},[43,141971,37969],{"class":63},[43,141973,800],{"class":53},[43,141975,54192],{"class":63},[43,141977,5686],{"class":53},[43,141979,3985],{"class":3984},[402,141981,141983],{"id":141982},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[14,141985,141986,141988],{},[18,141987,141653],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[34,141990,141992],{"className":36,"code":141991,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[18,141993,141994,142007],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,141995,141996,141998,142000,142002,142005],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,141997,126497],{"class":207},[43,141999,212],{"class":211},[43,142001,932],{"class":81},[43,142003,142004],{"class":85},"img_001.png",[43,142006,938],{"class":81},[43,142008,142009,142011,142013,142015,142017,142019,142021,142023,142026,142028,142030,142032,142035,142037,142039],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,142010,50],{"class":49},[43,142012,54],{"class":53},[43,142014,126515],{"class":236},[43,142016,315],{"class":53},[43,142018,141490],{"class":236},[43,142020,5836],{"class":53},[43,142022,82],{"class":81},[43,142024,142025],{"class":85},"img_",[43,142027,82],{"class":81},[43,142029,800],{"class":53},[43,142031,932],{"class":81},[43,142033,142034],{"class":85},"photo_",[43,142036,82],{"class":81},[43,142038,51146],{"class":53},[43,142040,3985],{"class":3984},[29,142042,903],{"id":902},[14,142044,142045,142047],{},[18,142046,127782],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[150,142049,142050,142055],{},[153,142051,142052,142054],{},[18,142053,105],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[153,142056,142057,127099],{},[18,142058,613],{},[14,142060,142061,142062,7498],{},"This makes it useful in ",[18,142063,7323],{},[34,142065,142067],{"className":36,"code":142066,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[18,142068,142069,142083,142087,142108,142123,142129],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,142070,142071,142074,142076,142078,142081],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,142072,142073],{"class":207},"command ",[43,142075,212],{"class":211},[43,142077,932],{"class":81},[43,142079,142080],{"class":85},"\u002Fhelp",[43,142082,938],{"class":81},[43,142084,142085],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,142086,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,142088,142089,142091,142094,142096,142098,142100,142102,142104,142106],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,142090,7323],{"class":1927},[43,142092,142093],{"class":207}," command",[43,142095,315],{"class":53},[43,142097,141490],{"class":236},[43,142099,54],{"class":53},[43,142101,82],{"class":81},[43,142103,127306],{"class":85},[43,142105,82],{"class":81},[43,142107,8662],{"class":53},[43,142109,142110,142112,142114,142116,142119,142121],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,142111,1951],{"class":49},[43,142113,54],{"class":53},[43,142115,82],{"class":81},[43,142117,142118],{"class":85},"This looks like a command.",[43,142120,82],{"class":81},[43,142122,227],{"class":53},[43,142124,142125,142127],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,142126,27758],{"class":1927},[43,142128,1931],{"class":53},[43,142130,142131,142133,142135,142137,142140,142142],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,142132,1951],{"class":49},[43,142134,54],{"class":53},[43,142136,82],{"class":81},[43,142138,142139],{"class":85},"This is normal text.",[43,142141,82],{"class":81},[43,142143,227],{"class":53},[14,142145,110],{},[34,142147,142149],{"className":36,"code":142148,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"This looks like a command.\n",[18,142150,142151],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,142152,142153,142156],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,142154,142155],{"class":207},"This looks like a command",[43,142157,122446],{"class":53},[29,142159,8738,142161,9023,142163,895,142165],{"id":142160},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[18,142162,127782],{},[18,142164,36396],{},[18,142166,52716],{},[14,142168,1073,142169,895,142171,142173],{},[18,142170,36396],{},[18,142172,52716],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[150,142175,142176,142181,142186],{},[153,142177,142178,142180],{},[18,142179,36396],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[153,142182,142183,142185],{},[18,142184,52716],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[153,142187,142188],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[14,142190,197],{},[34,142192,142194],{"className":36,"code":142193,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[18,142195,142196,142208,142212,142241,142274],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,142197,142198,142200,142202,142204,142206],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,142199,927],{"class":207},[43,142201,212],{"class":211},[43,142203,932],{"class":81},[43,142205,139693],{"class":85},[43,142207,938],{"class":81},[43,142209,142210],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,142211,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,142213,142214,142216,142218,142220,142222,142224,142226,142228,142230,142232,142234,142236,142238],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,142215,50],{"class":49},[43,142217,54],{"class":53},[43,142219,951],{"class":236},[43,142221,315],{"class":53},[43,142223,141490],{"class":236},[43,142225,54],{"class":53},[43,142227,82],{"class":81},[43,142229,79330],{"class":85},[43,142231,82],{"class":81},[43,142233,800],{"class":53},[43,142235,2789],{"class":63},[43,142237,5686],{"class":53},[43,142239,142240],{"class":3984},"        # True\n",[43,142242,142243,142245,142247,142249,142251,142253,142255,142257,142259,142261,142263,142265,142267,142270,142272],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,142244,50],{"class":49},[43,142246,54],{"class":53},[43,142248,951],{"class":236},[43,142250,315],{"class":53},[43,142252,141490],{"class":236},[43,142254,54],{"class":53},[43,142256,82],{"class":81},[43,142258,134300],{"class":85},[43,142260,82],{"class":81},[43,142262,800],{"class":53},[43,142264,6686],{"class":63},[43,142266,800],{"class":53},[43,142268,142269],{"class":63}," 13",[43,142271,5686],{"class":53},[43,142273,3985],{"class":3984},[43,142275,142276,142278,142280,142282,142284,142286,142288,142290,142292,142294,142296,142298,142300,142302,142304],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,142277,50],{"class":49},[43,142279,54],{"class":53},[43,142281,951],{"class":236},[43,142283,315],{"class":53},[43,142285,141490],{"class":236},[43,142287,54],{"class":53},[43,142289,82],{"class":81},[43,142291,134300],{"class":85},[43,142293,82],{"class":81},[43,142295,800],{"class":53},[43,142297,6686],{"class":63},[43,142299,800],{"class":53},[43,142301,31264],{"class":63},[43,142303,5686],{"class":53},[43,142305,5094],{"class":3984},[14,142307,142308,142309,142311],{},"In the last example, the ",[18,142310,52716],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[29,142313,142315],{"id":142314},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[14,142317,142318],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[14,142320,142321,142322,49402],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[18,142323,836],{},[34,142325,142327],{"className":36,"code":142326,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[18,142328,142329,142343,142357,142371,142375,142399,142403,142424,142445],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,142330,142331,142334,142336,142338,142341],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,142332,142333],{"class":207},"filename1 ",[43,142335,212],{"class":211},[43,142337,932],{"class":81},[43,142339,142340],{"class":85},"img_101.jpg",[43,142342,938],{"class":81},[43,142344,142345,142348,142350,142352,142355],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,142346,142347],{"class":207},"filename2 ",[43,142349,212],{"class":211},[43,142351,932],{"class":81},[43,142353,142354],{"class":85},"photo_202.jpg",[43,142356,938],{"class":81},[43,142358,142359,142362,142364,142366,142369],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,142360,142361],{"class":207},"filename3 ",[43,142363,212],{"class":211},[43,142365,932],{"class":81},[43,142367,142368],{"class":85},"doc_303.jpg",[43,142370,938],{"class":81},[43,142372,142373],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,142374,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,142376,142377,142379,142381,142383,142385,142387,142389,142391,142393,142395,142397],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,142378,127709],{"class":207},[43,142380,212],{"class":211},[43,142382,9552],{"class":53},[43,142384,82],{"class":81},[43,142386,142025],{"class":85},[43,142388,82],{"class":81},[43,142390,800],{"class":53},[43,142392,932],{"class":81},[43,142394,142034],{"class":85},[43,142396,82],{"class":81},[43,142398,227],{"class":53},[43,142400,142401],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,142402,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,142404,142405,142407,142409,142412,142414,142416,142418,142420,142422],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,142406,50],{"class":49},[43,142408,54],{"class":53},[43,142410,142411],{"class":236},"filename1",[43,142413,315],{"class":53},[43,142415,141490],{"class":236},[43,142417,54],{"class":53},[43,142419,127761],{"class":236},[43,142421,5686],{"class":53},[43,142423,3985],{"class":3984},[43,142425,142426,142428,142430,142433,142435,142437,142439,142441,142443],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,142427,50],{"class":49},[43,142429,54],{"class":53},[43,142431,142432],{"class":236},"filename2",[43,142434,315],{"class":53},[43,142436,141490],{"class":236},[43,142438,54],{"class":53},[43,142440,127761],{"class":236},[43,142442,5686],{"class":53},[43,142444,3985],{"class":3984},[43,142446,142447,142449,142451,142454,142456,142458,142460,142462,142464],{"class":45,"line":6756},[43,142448,50],{"class":49},[43,142450,54],{"class":53},[43,142452,142453],{"class":236},"filename3",[43,142455,315],{"class":53},[43,142457,141490],{"class":236},[43,142459,54],{"class":53},[43,142461,127761],{"class":236},[43,142463,5686],{"class":53},[43,142465,5094],{"class":3984},[14,142467,142468],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[14,142470,74831,142471,142475],{},[189,142472,126414,142473,11055],{"href":130008},[18,142474,126472],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[29,142477,124061],{"id":124060},[14,142479,142480,123872],{},[18,142481,127782],{},[14,142483,127459,142484,895,142487,127466],{},[18,142485,142486],{},"\"Python\"",[18,142488,142489],{},"\"python\"",[34,142491,142493],{"className":36,"code":142492,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[18,142494,142495,142507,142511,142535],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,142496,142497,142499,142501,142503,142505],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,142498,927],{"class":207},[43,142500,212],{"class":211},[43,142502,932],{"class":81},[43,142504,7621],{"class":85},[43,142506,938],{"class":81},[43,142508,142509],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,142510,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,142512,142513,142515,142517,142519,142521,142523,142525,142527,142529,142531,142533],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,142514,50],{"class":49},[43,142516,54],{"class":53},[43,142518,951],{"class":236},[43,142520,315],{"class":53},[43,142522,141490],{"class":236},[43,142524,54],{"class":53},[43,142526,82],{"class":81},[43,142528,141601],{"class":85},[43,142530,82],{"class":81},[43,142532,5686],{"class":53},[43,142534,3985],{"class":3984},[43,142536,142537,142539,142541,142543,142545,142547,142549,142551,142553,142555,142557],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,142538,50],{"class":49},[43,142540,54],{"class":53},[43,142542,951],{"class":236},[43,142544,315],{"class":53},[43,142546,141490],{"class":236},[43,142548,54],{"class":53},[43,142550,82],{"class":81},[43,142552,128860],{"class":85},[43,142554,82],{"class":81},[43,142556,5686],{"class":53},[43,142558,5094],{"class":3984},[14,142560,127551,142561,315],{},[189,142562,142563],{"href":124141},[18,142564,124144],{},[34,142566,142568],{"className":36,"code":142567,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[18,142569,142570,142582,142586],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,142571,142572,142574,142576,142578,142580],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,142573,927],{"class":207},[43,142575,212],{"class":211},[43,142577,932],{"class":81},[43,142579,7621],{"class":85},[43,142581,938],{"class":81},[43,142583,142584],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,142585,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,142587,142588,142590,142592,142594,142596,142598,142600,142602,142604,142606,142608,142610,142612],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,142589,50],{"class":49},[43,142591,54],{"class":53},[43,142593,951],{"class":236},[43,142595,315],{"class":53},[43,142597,8959],{"class":236},[43,142599,8956],{"class":53},[43,142601,141490],{"class":236},[43,142603,54],{"class":53},[43,142605,82],{"class":81},[43,142607,128860],{"class":85},[43,142609,82],{"class":81},[43,142611,5686],{"class":53},[43,142613,3985],{"class":3984},[29,142615,5284,142617],{"id":142616},"when-to-use-startswith",[18,142618,127782],{},[14,142620,142621,142623],{},[18,142622,127782],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[14,142625,9689],{},[150,142627,142628,142631,142634,142643],{},[153,142629,142630],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[153,142632,142633],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[153,142635,142636,142637,2172,142640],{},"Validating text formats like ",[18,142638,142639],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[18,142641,142642],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[153,142644,142645],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[14,142647,197],{},[34,142649,142651],{"className":36,"code":142650,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[18,142652,142653,142666,142670,142699],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,142654,142655,142657,142659,142661,142664],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,142656,127277],{"class":207},[43,142658,212],{"class":211},[43,142660,932],{"class":81},[43,142662,142663],{"class":85},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[43,142665,938],{"class":81},[43,142667,142668],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,142669,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,142671,142672,142674,142677,142679,142681,142683,142685,142687,142689,142691,142693,142695,142697],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,142673,7323],{"class":1927},[43,142675,142676],{"class":207}," url",[43,142678,315],{"class":53},[43,142680,141490],{"class":236},[43,142682,5836],{"class":53},[43,142684,82],{"class":81},[43,142686,142639],{"class":85},[43,142688,82],{"class":81},[43,142690,800],{"class":53},[43,142692,932],{"class":81},[43,142694,142642],{"class":85},[43,142696,82],{"class":81},[43,142698,69622],{"class":53},[43,142700,142701,142703,142705,142707,142710,142712],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,142702,1951],{"class":49},[43,142704,54],{"class":53},[43,142706,82],{"class":81},[43,142708,142709],{"class":85},"This looks like a web URL.",[43,142711,82],{"class":81},[43,142713,227],{"class":53},[29,142715,3160],{"id":3159},[14,142717,23418,142718,315],{},[18,142719,127782],{},[402,142721,138854],{"id":142722},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[14,142724,142725,123872],{},[18,142726,127782],{},[34,142728,142730],{"className":36,"code":142729,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[18,142731,142732,142744],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,142733,142734,142736,142738,142740,142742],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,142735,927],{"class":207},[43,142737,212],{"class":211},[43,142739,932],{"class":81},[43,142741,7621],{"class":85},[43,142743,938],{"class":81},[43,142745,142746,142748,142750,142752,142754,142756,142758,142760,142762,142764,142766],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,142747,50],{"class":49},[43,142749,54],{"class":53},[43,142751,951],{"class":236},[43,142753,315],{"class":53},[43,142755,141490],{"class":236},[43,142757,54],{"class":53},[43,142759,82],{"class":81},[43,142761,38],{"class":85},[43,142763,82],{"class":81},[43,142765,5686],{"class":53},[43,142767,5094],{"class":3984},[14,142769,39588],{},[34,142771,142773],{"className":36,"code":142772,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[18,142774,142775],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,142776,142777,142779,142781,142783,142785,142787,142789,142791,142793,142795,142797,142799,142801],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,142778,50],{"class":49},[43,142780,54],{"class":53},[43,142782,951],{"class":236},[43,142784,315],{"class":53},[43,142786,8959],{"class":236},[43,142788,8956],{"class":53},[43,142790,141490],{"class":236},[43,142792,54],{"class":53},[43,142794,82],{"class":81},[43,142796,38],{"class":85},[43,142798,82],{"class":81},[43,142800,5686],{"class":53},[43,142802,3985],{"class":3984},[402,142804,29974,142806,137336],{"id":142805},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[18,142807,127782],{},[14,142809,142810],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[34,142812,142814],{"className":36,"code":142813,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[18,142815,142816,142824,142828,142833],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,142817,142818,142820,142822],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,142819,1589],{"class":207},[43,142821,212],{"class":211},[43,142823,125096],{"class":63},[43,142825,142826],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,142827,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,142829,142830],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,142831,142832],{"class":3984},"# This will cause an error:\n",[43,142834,142835],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,142836,142837],{"class":3984},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[14,142839,39588],{},[34,142841,142843],{"className":36,"code":142842,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[18,142844,142845,142859],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,142846,142847,142849,142851,142853,142855,142857],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,142848,1589],{"class":207},[43,142850,212],{"class":211},[43,142852,48958],{"class":57},[43,142854,54],{"class":53},[43,142856,50300],{"class":63},[43,142858,227],{"class":53},[43,142860,142861,142863,142865,142867,142869,142871,142873,142875,142877,142879,142881],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,142862,50],{"class":49},[43,142864,54],{"class":53},[43,142866,307],{"class":236},[43,142868,315],{"class":53},[43,142870,141490],{"class":236},[43,142872,54],{"class":53},[43,142874,82],{"class":81},[43,142876,797],{"class":85},[43,142878,82],{"class":81},[43,142880,5686],{"class":53},[43,142882,3985],{"class":3984},[402,142884,37529,142886,9023,142888],{"id":142885},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[18,142887,127782],{},[18,142889,4203],{},[14,142891,142892,142894],{},[18,142893,127782],{}," checks only the beginning.",[14,142896,142897,142898,142900,142901,315],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[18,142899,4203],{}," or methods like ",[189,142902,142903],{"href":124424},[18,142904,124409],{},[34,142906,142908],{"className":36,"code":142907,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[18,142909,142910,142922,142926,142950],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,142911,142912,142914,142916,142918,142920],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,142913,927],{"class":207},[43,142915,212],{"class":211},[43,142917,932],{"class":81},[43,142919,60464],{"class":85},[43,142921,938],{"class":81},[43,142923,142924],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,142925,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,142927,142928,142930,142932,142934,142936,142938,142940,142942,142944,142946,142948],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,142929,50],{"class":49},[43,142931,54],{"class":53},[43,142933,951],{"class":236},[43,142935,315],{"class":53},[43,142937,141490],{"class":236},[43,142939,54],{"class":53},[43,142941,82],{"class":81},[43,142943,60649],{"class":85},[43,142945,82],{"class":81},[43,142947,5686],{"class":53},[43,142949,5094],{"class":3984},[43,142951,142952,142954,142956,142958,142960,142962,142964,142966,142968],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,142953,50],{"class":49},[43,142955,54],{"class":53},[43,142957,82],{"class":81},[43,142959,60649],{"class":85},[43,142961,82],{"class":81},[43,142963,21497],{"class":1927},[43,142965,42893],{"class":236},[43,142967,1221],{"class":53},[43,142969,142970],{"class":3984},"           # True\n",[14,142972,135888,142973,315],{},[189,142974,127450],{"href":123669},[402,142976,1572,142978,895,142980,142982],{"id":142977},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[18,142979,36396],{},[18,142981,52716],{}," use index positions",[14,142984,142985,142986,315],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[18,142987,2466],{},[34,142989,142991],{"className":36,"code":142990,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[18,142992,142993,143006,143010],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,142994,142995,142997,142999,143001,143004],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,142996,927],{"class":207},[43,142998,212],{"class":211},[43,143000,932],{"class":81},[43,143002,143003],{"class":85},"abcdef",[43,143005,938],{"class":81},[43,143007,143008],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,143009,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,143011,143012,143014,143016,143018,143020,143022,143024,143026,143029,143031,143033,143035,143037],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,143013,50],{"class":49},[43,143015,54],{"class":53},[43,143017,951],{"class":236},[43,143019,315],{"class":53},[43,143021,141490],{"class":236},[43,143023,54],{"class":53},[43,143025,82],{"class":81},[43,143027,143028],{"class":85},"cd",[43,143030,82],{"class":81},[43,143032,800],{"class":53},[43,143034,803],{"class":63},[43,143036,5686],{"class":53},[43,143038,3985],{"class":3984},[402,143040,143042],{"id":143041},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[14,143044,143045],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[14,143047,16966],{},[34,143049,143051],{"className":36,"code":143050,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[18,143052,143053],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143054,143055],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143056,143050],{"class":3984},[14,143058,16978],{},[34,143060,143062],{"className":36,"code":143061,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[18,143063,143064,143076],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143065,143066,143068,143070,143072,143074],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143067,927],{"class":207},[43,143069,212],{"class":211},[43,143071,932],{"class":81},[43,143073,7621],{"class":85},[43,143075,938],{"class":81},[43,143077,143078,143080,143082,143084,143086,143088,143090,143092,143094,143096,143098,143100,143103,143105,143107],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,143079,50],{"class":49},[43,143081,54],{"class":53},[43,143083,951],{"class":236},[43,143085,315],{"class":53},[43,143087,141490],{"class":236},[43,143089,5836],{"class":53},[43,143091,82],{"class":81},[43,143093,141601],{"class":85},[43,143095,82],{"class":81},[43,143097,800],{"class":53},[43,143099,932],{"class":81},[43,143101,143102],{"class":85},"Ja",[43,143104,82],{"class":81},[43,143106,51146],{"class":53},[43,143108,3985],{"class":3984},[14,143110,32404],{},[34,143112,143114],{"className":36,"code":143113,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[18,143115,143116,143126,143140,143162,143188],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143117,143118,143120,143122,143124],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143119,50],{"class":49},[43,143121,54],{"class":53},[43,143123,951],{"class":236},[43,143125,227],{"class":53},[43,143127,143128,143130,143132,143134,143136,143138],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,143129,50],{"class":49},[43,143131,54],{"class":53},[43,143133,248],{"class":57},[43,143135,54],{"class":53},[43,143137,951],{"class":236},[43,143139,67],{"class":53},[43,143141,143142,143144,143146,143148,143150,143152,143154,143156,143158,143160],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,143143,50],{"class":49},[43,143145,54],{"class":53},[43,143147,951],{"class":236},[43,143149,315],{"class":53},[43,143151,141490],{"class":236},[43,143153,54],{"class":53},[43,143155,82],{"class":81},[43,143157,141601],{"class":85},[43,143159,82],{"class":81},[43,143161,67],{"class":53},[43,143163,143164,143166,143168,143170,143172,143174,143176,143178,143180,143182,143184,143186],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,143165,50],{"class":49},[43,143167,54],{"class":53},[43,143169,951],{"class":236},[43,143171,315],{"class":53},[43,143173,8959],{"class":236},[43,143175,8956],{"class":53},[43,143177,141490],{"class":236},[43,143179,54],{"class":53},[43,143181,82],{"class":81},[43,143183,128860],{"class":85},[43,143185,82],{"class":81},[43,143187,67],{"class":53},[43,143189,143190,143192,143194,143196,143198,143200,143202,143204,143206,143208,143210,143212,143214,143216],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,143191,50],{"class":49},[43,143193,54],{"class":53},[43,143195,951],{"class":236},[43,143197,315],{"class":53},[43,143199,141490],{"class":236},[43,143201,5836],{"class":53},[43,143203,82],{"class":81},[43,143205,141601],{"class":85},[43,143207,82],{"class":81},[43,143209,800],{"class":53},[43,143211,932],{"class":81},[43,143213,143102],{"class":85},[43,143215,82],{"class":81},[43,143217,3239],{"class":53},[29,143219,2162],{"id":2161},[402,143221,13023,143223,128260],{"id":143222},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[18,143224,127782],{},[14,143226,143227,143228,2172,143230,315],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[18,143229,105],{},[18,143231,613],{},[402,143233,5493,143235,143237],{"id":143234},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[18,143236,127782],{}," check more than one prefix?",[14,143239,143240],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[34,143242,143244],{"className":36,"code":143243,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[18,143245,143246],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143247,143248,143250,143252,143254,143256,143258,143260,143262,143264,143266,143268,143270],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143249,951],{"class":207},[43,143251,315],{"class":53},[43,143253,141490],{"class":236},[43,143255,5836],{"class":53},[43,143257,82],{"class":81},[43,143259,189],{"class":85},[43,143261,82],{"class":81},[43,143263,800],{"class":53},[43,143265,932],{"class":81},[43,143267,1231],{"class":85},[43,143269,82],{"class":81},[43,143271,67],{"class":53},[402,143273,15225,143275,124750],{"id":143274},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[18,143276,127782],{},[14,143278,129943],{},[402,143280,5503,143282,895,143284,2822],{"id":143281},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[18,143283,127782],{},[18,143285,4203],{},[14,143287,143288,143290,143291,143293],{},[18,143289,127782],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[18,143292,4203],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[402,143295,28653,143297,895,143299,9023,143301,2822],{"id":143296},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[18,143298,36396],{},[18,143300,52716],{},[18,143302,127782],{},[14,143304,143305],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[29,143307,2229],{"id":2228},[150,143309,143310,143316,143322,143328,143332],{},[153,143311,143312],{},[189,143313,126414,143314,11055],{"href":130008},[18,143315,126472],{},[153,143317,143318],{},[189,143319,126414,143320,11055],{"href":124424},[18,143321,124409],{},[153,143323,143324],{},[189,143325,126414,143326,11055],{"href":124141},[18,143327,124144],{},[153,143329,143330],{},[189,143331,124813],{"href":123669},[153,143333,143334],{},[189,143335,125169],{"href":51030},[2262,143337,143338],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":143340},[143341,143343,143344,143350,143351,143353,143354,143355,143357,143367,143379],{"id":141536,"depth":70,"text":143342},"What startswith() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":141815,"depth":70,"text":141816,"children":143345},[143346,143347,143348,143349],{"id":141653,"depth":93,"text":141653},{"id":36396,"depth":93,"text":36396},{"id":52716,"depth":93,"text":52716},{"id":141982,"depth":93,"text":141983},{"id":902,"depth":70,"text":903},{"id":142160,"depth":70,"text":143352},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142314,"depth":70,"text":142315},{"id":124060,"depth":70,"text":124061},{"id":142616,"depth":70,"text":143356},"When to use startswith()",{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160,"children":143358},[143359,143360,143362,143364,143366],{"id":142722,"depth":93,"text":138854},{"id":142805,"depth":93,"text":143361},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142885,"depth":93,"text":143363},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142977,"depth":93,"text":143365},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":143041,"depth":93,"text":143042},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":143368},[143369,143371,143373,143375,143377],{"id":143222,"depth":93,"text":143370},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143234,"depth":93,"text":143372},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143274,"depth":93,"text":143374},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143281,"depth":93,"text":143376},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143296,"depth":93,"text":143378},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141436,"description":143380},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143387,"title":143388,"body":143389,"description":144843,"extension":2312,"meta":144844,"navigation":958,"path":144845,"seo":144846,"stem":144847,"__hash__":144848},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143390,"toc":144813},[143391,143396,143401,143404,143406,143450,143452,143460,143465,143470,143475,143477,143495,143497,143543,143545,143559,143568,143572,143574,143576,143588,143593,143596,143628,143630,143639,143644,143647,143688,143690,143698,143700,143713,143719,143723,143726,143742,143744,143793,143795,143804,143807,143866,143868,143877,143884,143887,143940,143942,143966,143973,143979,143983,143989,143992,144003,144005,144045,144047,144055,144057,144097,144099,144108,144110,144128,144131,144138,144149,144152,144169,144171,144248,144250,144281,144284,144286,144289,144315,144317,144357,144359,144368,144378,144386,144394,144399,144404,144406,144420,144422,144473,144475,144484,144494,144496,144498,144520,144523,144602,144604,144640,144643,144718,144723,144725,144731,144736,144741,144744,144750,144753,144760,144768,144772,144780,144782,144810],[10,143392,123414,143394,11638],{"id":143393},"python-string-strip-method",[18,143395,1691],{},[14,143397,32639,143398,143400],{},[18,143399,1691],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[14,143402,143403],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[29,143405,3927],{"id":3926},[34,143407,143409],{"className":36,"code":143408,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[18,143410,143411,143424,143439],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143412,143413,143415,143417,143419,143422],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143414,927],{"class":207},[43,143416,212],{"class":211},[43,143418,932],{"class":81},[43,143420,143421],{"class":85},"  hello  ",[43,143423,938],{"class":81},[43,143425,143426,143429,143431,143433,143435,143437],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,143427,143428],{"class":207},"clean_text ",[43,143430,212],{"class":211},[43,143432,42893],{"class":207},[43,143434,315],{"class":53},[43,143436,1725],{"class":236},[43,143438,1728],{"class":53},[43,143440,143441,143443,143445,143448],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,143442,50],{"class":49},[43,143444,54],{"class":53},[43,143446,143447],{"class":236},"clean_text",[43,143449,227],{"class":53},[14,143451,110],{},[34,143453,143454],{"className":36,"code":138729,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,143455,143456],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143457,143458],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143459,138729],{"class":207},[14,143461,133,143462,143464],{},[18,143463,1691],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[29,143466,3998,143468,4001],{"id":143467},"what-strip-does",[18,143469,1691],{},[14,143471,143472,143474],{},[18,143473,1691],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[14,143476,13372],{},[150,143478,143479,143483,143486,143489,143492],{},[153,143480,143481,131764],{},[18,143482,1691],{},[153,143484,143485],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[153,143487,143488],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[153,143490,143491],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[153,143493,143494],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[14,143496,197],{},[34,143498,143500],{"className":36,"code":143499,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[18,143501,143502,143515,143519,143533],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143503,143504,143506,143508,143510,143513],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143505,927],{"class":207},[43,143507,212],{"class":211},[43,143509,932],{"class":81},[43,143511,143512],{"class":85},"  hello world  ",[43,143514,938],{"class":81},[43,143516,143517],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,143518,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,143520,143521,143523,143525,143527,143529,143531],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,143522,50],{"class":49},[43,143524,54],{"class":53},[43,143526,951],{"class":236},[43,143528,315],{"class":53},[43,143530,1725],{"class":236},[43,143532,341],{"class":53},[43,143534,143535,143537,143539,143541],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,143536,50],{"class":49},[43,143538,54],{"class":53},[43,143540,951],{"class":236},[43,143542,227],{"class":53},[14,143544,110],{},[34,143546,143548],{"className":36,"code":143547,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[18,143549,143550,143554],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143551,143552],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143553,134430],{"class":207},[43,143555,143556],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,143557,143558],{"class":207},"  hello world\n",[14,143560,143561,143562,143564,143565,143567],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[18,143563,1691],{},", but the original ",[18,143566,951],{}," value is unchanged.",[14,143569,125166,143570,315],{},[189,143571,125169],{"href":51030},[29,143573,290],{"id":289},[14,143575,26811],{},[150,143577,143578,143583],{},[153,143579,143580],{},[18,143581,143582],{},"string.strip()",[153,143584,143585],{},[18,143586,143587],{},"string.strip(chars)",[402,143589,143591],{"id":143590},"stringstrip",[18,143592,143582],{},[14,143594,143595],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[34,143597,143599],{"className":36,"code":143598,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[18,143600,143601,143614],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143602,143603,143605,143607,143609,143612],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143604,8202],{"class":207},[43,143606,212],{"class":211},[43,143608,932],{"class":81},[43,143610,143611],{"class":85},"  Alice  ",[43,143613,938],{"class":81},[43,143615,143616,143618,143620,143622,143624,143626],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,143617,50],{"class":49},[43,143619,54],{"class":53},[43,143621,7992],{"class":236},[43,143623,315],{"class":53},[43,143625,1725],{"class":236},[43,143627,341],{"class":53},[14,143629,110],{},[34,143631,143633],{"className":36,"code":143632,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Alice\n",[18,143634,143635],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143636,143637],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143638,143632],{"class":207},[402,143640,143642],{"id":143641},"stringstripchars",[18,143643,143587],{},[14,143645,143646],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[34,143648,143650],{"className":36,"code":143649,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[18,143651,143652,143665],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143653,143654,143656,143658,143660,143663],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143655,927],{"class":207},[43,143657,212],{"class":211},[43,143659,932],{"class":81},[43,143661,143662],{"class":85},"!!hello??",[43,143664,938],{"class":81},[43,143666,143667,143669,143671,143673,143675,143677,143679,143681,143684,143686],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,143668,50],{"class":49},[43,143670,54],{"class":53},[43,143672,951],{"class":236},[43,143674,315],{"class":53},[43,143676,1725],{"class":236},[43,143678,54],{"class":53},[43,143680,82],{"class":81},[43,143682,143683],{"class":85},"!?",[43,143685,82],{"class":81},[43,143687,67],{"class":53},[14,143689,110],{},[34,143691,143692],{"className":36,"code":138729,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,143693,143694],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143695,143696],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143697,138729],{"class":207},[14,143699,83880],{},[150,143701,143702,143707],{},[153,143703,143704,143706],{},[18,143705,134673],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[153,143708,143709,143710,143712],{},"The order of characters in ",[18,143711,134673],{}," does not matter",[29,143714,143716,143717],{"id":143715},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[18,143718,1691],{},[14,143720,31206,143721,315],{},[18,143722,1691],{},[14,143724,143725],{},"It is useful for:",[150,143727,143728,143733,143736,143739],{},[153,143729,143730,143731,4206],{},"Cleaning ",[18,143732,194],{},[153,143734,143735],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[153,143737,143738],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[153,143740,143741],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[14,143743,48415],{},[34,143745,143747],{"className":36,"code":143746,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[18,143748,143749,143762,143778,143782],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143750,143751,143753,143755,143757,143760],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143752,8287],{"class":207},[43,143754,212],{"class":211},[43,143756,932],{"class":81},[43,143758,143759],{"class":85},"  sam  ",[43,143761,938],{"class":81},[43,143763,143764,143767,143769,143772,143774,143776],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,143765,143766],{"class":207},"clean_username ",[43,143768,212],{"class":211},[43,143770,143771],{"class":207}," username",[43,143773,315],{"class":53},[43,143775,1725],{"class":236},[43,143777,1728],{"class":53},[43,143779,143780],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,143781,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,143783,143784,143786,143788,143791],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,143785,50],{"class":49},[43,143787,54],{"class":53},[43,143789,143790],{"class":236},"clean_username",[43,143792,227],{"class":53},[14,143794,110],{},[34,143796,143798],{"className":36,"code":143797,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"sam\n",[18,143799,143800],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143801,143802],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143803,143797],{"class":207},[14,143805,143806],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[34,143808,143810],{"className":36,"code":143809,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[18,143811,143812,143825,143829,143851],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143813,143814,143816,143818,143820,143823],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143815,136657],{"class":207},[43,143817,212],{"class":211},[43,143819,932],{"class":81},[43,143821,143822],{"class":85}," yes  ",[43,143824,938],{"class":81},[43,143826,143827],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,143828,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,143830,143831,143833,143835,143837,143839,143841,143843,143845,143847,143849],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,143832,7323],{"class":1927},[43,143834,136677],{"class":207},[43,143836,315],{"class":53},[43,143838,1725],{"class":236},[43,143840,830],{"class":53},[43,143842,6734],{"class":211},[43,143844,932],{"class":81},[43,143846,8976],{"class":85},[43,143848,82],{"class":81},[43,143850,1931],{"class":53},[43,143852,143853,143855,143857,143859,143862,143864],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,143854,1951],{"class":49},[43,143856,54],{"class":53},[43,143858,82],{"class":81},[43,143860,143861],{"class":85},"Matched",[43,143863,82],{"class":81},[43,143865,227],{"class":53},[14,143867,110],{},[34,143869,143871],{"className":36,"code":143870,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Matched\n",[18,143872,143873],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143874,143875],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143876,143870],{"class":207},[14,143878,143879,143880,315],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[189,143881,143883],{"href":143882},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[14,143885,143886],{},"Example with file-style text:",[34,143888,143890],{"className":36,"code":143889,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[18,143891,143892,143908,143922],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143893,143894,143897,143899,143901,143904,143906],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143895,143896],{"class":207},"line ",[43,143898,212],{"class":211},[43,143900,932],{"class":81},[43,143902,143903],{"class":85},"Python basics",[43,143905,87212],{"class":34776},[43,143907,938],{"class":81},[43,143909,143910,143912,143914,143916,143918,143920],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,143911,50],{"class":49},[43,143913,54],{"class":53},[43,143915,1820],{"class":49},[43,143917,54],{"class":53},[43,143919,45],{"class":236},[43,143921,67],{"class":53},[43,143923,143924,143926,143928,143930,143932,143934,143936,143938],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,143925,50],{"class":49},[43,143927,54],{"class":53},[43,143929,1820],{"class":49},[43,143931,54],{"class":53},[43,143933,45],{"class":236},[43,143935,315],{"class":53},[43,143937,1725],{"class":236},[43,143939,6616],{"class":53},[14,143941,110],{},[34,143943,143945],{"className":36,"code":143944,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[18,143946,143947,143958],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,143948,143949,143951,143953,143956],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,143950,283],{"class":43380},[43,143952,143903],{"class":43384},[43,143954,87212],{"class":143955},"sfi6f",[43,143957,748],{"class":43380},[43,143959,143960,143962,143964],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,143961,283],{"class":43380},[43,143963,143903],{"class":43384},[43,143965,748],{"class":43380},[14,143967,8738,143968,143970,143971,315],{},[18,143969,122628],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[18,143972,87212],{},[14,143974,143975,143976,315],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[189,143977,143978],{"href":87865},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[29,143980,143982],{"id":143981},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[14,143984,143985,143986,315],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[18,143987,143988],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[14,143990,143991],{},"Python will:",[150,143993,143994,143997,144000],{},[153,143995,143996],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[153,143998,143999],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[153,144001,144002],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[14,144004,197],{},[34,144006,144008],{"className":36,"code":144007,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[18,144009,144010,144023],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144011,144012,144014,144016,144018,144021],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144013,927],{"class":207},[43,144015,212],{"class":211},[43,144017,932],{"class":81},[43,144019,144020],{"class":85},"??hello!!",[43,144022,938],{"class":81},[43,144024,144025,144027,144029,144031,144033,144035,144037,144039,144041,144043],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,144026,50],{"class":49},[43,144028,54],{"class":53},[43,144030,951],{"class":236},[43,144032,315],{"class":53},[43,144034,1725],{"class":236},[43,144036,54],{"class":53},[43,144038,82],{"class":81},[43,144040,143683],{"class":85},[43,144042,82],{"class":81},[43,144044,67],{"class":53},[14,144046,110],{},[34,144048,144049],{"className":36,"code":138729,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,144050,144051],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144052,144053],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144054,138729],{"class":207},[14,144056,52135],{},[34,144058,144060],{"className":36,"code":144059,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[18,144061,144062,144075],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144063,144064,144066,144068,144070,144073],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144065,927],{"class":207},[43,144067,212],{"class":211},[43,144069,932],{"class":81},[43,144071,144072],{"class":85},"abcHelloCba",[43,144074,938],{"class":81},[43,144076,144077,144079,144081,144083,144085,144087,144089,144091,144093,144095],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,144078,50],{"class":49},[43,144080,54],{"class":53},[43,144082,951],{"class":236},[43,144084,315],{"class":53},[43,144086,1725],{"class":236},[43,144088,54],{"class":53},[43,144090,82],{"class":81},[43,144092,1596],{"class":85},[43,144094,82],{"class":81},[43,144096,67],{"class":53},[14,144098,110],{},[34,144100,144102],{"className":36,"code":144101,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"HelloC\n",[18,144103,144104],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144105,144106],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144107,144101],{"class":207},[14,144109,6562],{},[14,144111,144112,14375,144115,144117,144118,144120,144121,2534,144123,2537,144125,144127],{},[18,144113,144114],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[913,144116,734],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[18,144119,1596],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[18,144122,189],{},[18,144124,1231],{},[18,144126,10055],{}," characters from both ends”.",[14,144129,144130],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[14,144132,144133,144134,6956],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[189,144135,144136],{"href":129995},[18,144137,124585],{},[29,144139,144141,10901,144143,10901,144146],{"id":144140},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[18,144142,1691],{},[18,144144,144145],{},"lstrip()",[18,144147,144148],{},"rstrip()",[14,144150,144151],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[150,144153,144154,144159,144164],{},[153,144155,144156,144158],{},[18,144157,1691],{}," removes from both ends",[153,144160,144161,144163],{},[18,144162,144145],{}," removes from the left side only",[153,144165,144166,144168],{},[18,144167,144148],{}," removes from the right side only",[14,144170,197],{},[34,144172,144174],{"className":36,"code":144173,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[18,144175,144176,144188,144192,144210,144229],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144177,144178,144180,144182,144184,144186],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144179,927],{"class":207},[43,144181,212],{"class":211},[43,144183,932],{"class":81},[43,144185,143421],{"class":85},[43,144187,938],{"class":81},[43,144189,144190],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,144191,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,144193,144194,144196,144198,144200,144202,144204,144206,144208],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,144195,50],{"class":49},[43,144197,54],{"class":53},[43,144199,1820],{"class":49},[43,144201,54],{"class":53},[43,144203,951],{"class":236},[43,144205,315],{"class":53},[43,144207,1725],{"class":236},[43,144209,6616],{"class":53},[43,144211,144212,144214,144216,144218,144220,144222,144224,144227],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,144213,50],{"class":49},[43,144215,54],{"class":53},[43,144217,1820],{"class":49},[43,144219,54],{"class":53},[43,144221,951],{"class":236},[43,144223,315],{"class":53},[43,144225,144226],{"class":236},"lstrip",[43,144228,6616],{"class":53},[43,144230,144231,144233,144235,144237,144239,144241,144243,144246],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,144232,50],{"class":49},[43,144234,54],{"class":53},[43,144236,1820],{"class":49},[43,144238,54],{"class":53},[43,144240,951],{"class":236},[43,144242,315],{"class":53},[43,144244,144245],{"class":236},"rstrip",[43,144247,6616],{"class":53},[14,144249,110],{},[34,144251,144253],{"className":36,"code":144252,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[18,144254,144255,144263,144272],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144256,144257,144259,144261],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144258,283],{"class":43380},[43,144260,710],{"class":43384},[43,144262,748],{"class":43380},[43,144264,144265,144267,144270],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,144266,283],{"class":43380},[43,144268,144269],{"class":43384},"hello  ",[43,144271,748],{"class":43380},[43,144273,144274,144276,144279],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,144275,283],{"class":43380},[43,144277,144278],{"class":43384},"  hello",[43,144280,748],{"class":43380},[14,144282,144283],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[29,144285,108422],{"id":108421},[14,144287,144288],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[150,144290,144291,144299,144309,144312],{},[153,144292,144293,144295,144296,144298],{},[18,144294,144114],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[18,144297,1563],{}," once",[153,144300,144301,144302,2534,144304,2537,144306,144308],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[18,144303,189],{},[18,144305,1231],{},[18,144307,10055],{}," from both ends",[153,144310,144311],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[153,144313,144314],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[14,144316,197],{},[34,144318,144320],{"className":36,"code":144319,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[18,144321,144322,144335],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144323,144324,144326,144328,144330,144333],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144325,126497],{"class":207},[43,144327,212],{"class":211},[43,144329,932],{"class":81},[43,144331,144332],{"class":85},"txt_report.txt",[43,144334,938],{"class":81},[43,144336,144337,144339,144341,144343,144345,144347,144349,144351,144353,144355],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,144338,50],{"class":49},[43,144340,54],{"class":53},[43,144342,126515],{"class":236},[43,144344,315],{"class":53},[43,144346,1725],{"class":236},[43,144348,54],{"class":53},[43,144350,82],{"class":81},[43,144352,126550],{"class":85},[43,144354,82],{"class":81},[43,144356,67],{"class":53},[14,144358,110],{},[34,144360,144362],{"className":36,"code":144361,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"_report\n",[18,144363,144364],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144365,144366],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144367,144361],{"class":207},[14,144369,144370,144371,2534,144373,2537,144375,144377],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[18,144372,315],{},[18,144374,63345],{},[18,144376,2519],{}," characters from both ends.",[14,144379,53709,144380,5106,144383,144385],{},[18,144381,144382],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[913,144384,734],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[14,144387,144388,144389,144393],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[189,144390,144391],{"href":129995},[18,144392,124585],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[29,144395,5284,144397],{"id":144396},"when-to-use-strip",[18,144398,1691],{},[14,144400,133,144401,144403],{},[18,144402,1691],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[14,144405,36750],{},[150,144407,144408,144412,144414,144417],{},[153,144409,143730,144410,4206],{},[18,144411,194],{},[153,144413,143735],{},[153,144415,144416],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[153,144418,144419],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[14,144421,197],{},[34,144423,144425],{"className":36,"code":144424,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[18,144426,144427,144441,144445,144458],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144428,144429,144432,144434,144436,144439],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144430,144431],{"class":207},"email ",[43,144433,212],{"class":211},[43,144435,932],{"class":81},[43,144437,144438],{"class":85},"  user@example.com  ",[43,144440,938],{"class":81},[43,144442,144443],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,144444,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,144446,144447,144449,144452,144454,144456],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,144448,7323],{"class":1927},[43,144450,144451],{"class":207}," email",[43,144453,315],{"class":53},[43,144455,1725],{"class":236},[43,144457,21918],{"class":53},[43,144459,144460,144462,144464,144466,144469,144471],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,144461,1951],{"class":49},[43,144463,54],{"class":53},[43,144465,82],{"class":81},[43,144467,144468],{"class":85},"Email was entered",[43,144470,82],{"class":81},[43,144472,227],{"class":53},[14,144474,110],{},[34,144476,144478],{"className":36,"code":144477,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Email was entered\n",[18,144479,144480],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144481,144482],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144483,144477],{"class":207},[14,144485,144486,144487,144489,144490,315],{},"You may also combine ",[18,144488,1691],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[189,144491,144492],{"href":124141},[18,144493,124144],{},[29,144495,3160],{"id":3159},[14,144497,84299],{},[150,144499,144500,144504,144509,144514],{},[153,144501,8773,144502,131634],{},[18,144503,1691],{},[153,144505,8773,144506,144508],{},[18,144507,1691],{}," to remove text from the middle",[153,144510,8738,144511,144513],{},[18,144512,144382],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[153,144515,1572,144516,144519],{},[18,144517,144518],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[14,144521,144522],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[34,144524,144526],{"className":36,"code":144525,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[18,144527,144528,144542,144546,144556,144570,144584],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144529,144530,144532,144534,144536,144538,144540],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144531,927],{"class":207},[43,144533,212],{"class":211},[43,144535,932],{"class":81},[43,144537,144278],{"class":85},[43,144539,87212],{"class":34776},[43,144541,938],{"class":81},[43,144543,144544],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,144545,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,144547,144548,144550,144552,144554],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,144549,50],{"class":49},[43,144551,54],{"class":53},[43,144553,951],{"class":236},[43,144555,227],{"class":53},[43,144557,144558,144560,144562,144564,144566,144568],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,144559,50],{"class":49},[43,144561,54],{"class":53},[43,144563,1820],{"class":49},[43,144565,54],{"class":53},[43,144567,951],{"class":236},[43,144569,67],{"class":53},[43,144571,144572,144574,144576,144578,144580,144582],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,144573,50],{"class":49},[43,144575,54],{"class":53},[43,144577,951],{"class":236},[43,144579,315],{"class":53},[43,144581,1725],{"class":236},[43,144583,341],{"class":53},[43,144585,144586,144588,144590,144592,144594,144596,144598,144600],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,144587,50],{"class":49},[43,144589,54],{"class":53},[43,144591,1820],{"class":49},[43,144593,54],{"class":53},[43,144595,951],{"class":236},[43,144597,315],{"class":53},[43,144599,1725],{"class":236},[43,144601,6616],{"class":53},[14,144603,110],{},[34,144605,144607],{"className":36,"code":144606,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[18,144608,144609,144614,144618,144628,144632],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144610,144611],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144612,144613],{"class":207},"  hello\n",[43,144615,144616],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,144617,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,144619,144620,144622,144624,144626],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,144621,283],{"class":43380},[43,144623,144278],{"class":43384},[43,144625,87212],{"class":143955},[43,144627,748],{"class":43380},[43,144629,144630],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,144631,138729],{"class":207},[43,144633,144634,144636,144638],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,144635,283],{"class":43380},[43,144637,710],{"class":43384},[43,144639,748],{"class":43380},[14,144641,144642],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[34,144644,144646],{"className":36,"code":144645,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[18,144647,144648,144658,144672,144686,144704],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144649,144650,144652,144654,144656],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144651,50],{"class":49},[43,144653,54],{"class":53},[43,144655,951],{"class":236},[43,144657,227],{"class":53},[43,144659,144660,144662,144664,144666,144668,144670],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,144661,50],{"class":49},[43,144663,54],{"class":53},[43,144665,1820],{"class":49},[43,144667,54],{"class":53},[43,144669,951],{"class":236},[43,144671,67],{"class":53},[43,144673,144674,144676,144678,144680,144682,144684],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,144675,50],{"class":49},[43,144677,54],{"class":53},[43,144679,951],{"class":236},[43,144681,315],{"class":53},[43,144683,1725],{"class":236},[43,144685,341],{"class":53},[43,144687,144688,144690,144692,144694,144696,144698,144700,144702],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,144689,50],{"class":49},[43,144691,54],{"class":53},[43,144693,1820],{"class":49},[43,144695,54],{"class":53},[43,144697,951],{"class":236},[43,144699,315],{"class":53},[43,144701,1725],{"class":236},[43,144703,6616],{"class":53},[43,144705,144706,144708,144710,144712,144714,144716],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,144707,32474],{"class":49},[43,144709,54],{"class":53},[43,144711,1038],{"class":57},[43,144713,315],{"class":53},[43,144715,1725],{"class":25074},[43,144717,227],{"class":53},[14,144719,144720,144722],{},[18,144721,122628],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[29,144724,2162],{"id":2161},[402,144726,13023,144728,144730],{"id":144727},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[18,144729,1691],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[14,144732,46418,144733,144735],{},[18,144734,1691],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[402,144737,13023,144739,124741],{"id":144738},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[18,144740,1691],{},[14,144742,144743],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[402,144745,5466,144747,144749],{"id":144746},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[18,144748,1691],{}," remove by default?",[14,144751,144752],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[402,144754,34528,144756,34531,144758,2822],{"id":144755},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[18,144757,1691],{},[18,144759,124585],{},[14,144761,144762,144764,144765,144767],{},[18,144763,1691],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[18,144766,124585],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[402,144769,144771],{"id":144770},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[14,144773,128287,144774,144776,144777,144779],{},[18,144775,144145],{}," for the left side and ",[18,144778,144148],{}," for the right side.",[29,144781,2229],{"id":2228},[150,144783,144784,144790,144796,144801,144806],{},[153,144785,144786],{},[189,144787,126414,144788,11055],{"href":124141},[18,144789,124144],{},[153,144791,144792],{},[189,144793,126414,144794,11055],{"href":129995},[18,144795,124585],{},[153,144797,144798],{},[189,144799,144800],{"href":143882},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[153,144802,144803],{},[189,144804,144805],{"href":87865},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[153,144807,144808],{},[189,144809,125169],{"href":51030},[2262,144811,144812],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":144814},[144815,144816,144818,144822,144824,144825,144827,144828,144830,144831,144842],{"id":3926,"depth":70,"text":3927},{"id":143467,"depth":70,"text":144817},"What strip() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290,"children":144819},[144820,144821],{"id":143590,"depth":93,"text":143582},{"id":143641,"depth":93,"text":143587},{"id":143715,"depth":70,"text":144823},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143981,"depth":70,"text":143982},{"id":144140,"depth":70,"text":144826},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108421,"depth":70,"text":108422},{"id":144396,"depth":70,"text":144829},"When to use strip()",{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":144832},[144833,144835,144837,144839,144841],{"id":144727,"depth":93,"text":144834},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144738,"depth":93,"text":144836},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144746,"depth":93,"text":144838},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144755,"depth":93,"text":144840},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144770,"depth":93,"text":144771},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143388,"description":144843},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144850,"title":144851,"body":144852,"description":146032,"extension":2312,"meta":146033,"navigation":958,"path":146034,"seo":146035,"stem":146036,"__hash__":146037},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144853,"toc":146002},[144854,144859,144864,144869,144871,144917,144925,144930,144944,144950,144952,144954,144969,144971,144981,144984,145015,145018,145041,145043,145046,145103,145105,145119,145121,145135,145141,145146,145149,145190,145192,145201,145209,145212,145257,145259,145268,145271,145275,145280,145294,145296,145328,145330,145350,145353,145358,145363,145365,145376,145379,145436,145438,145446,145455,145457,145459,145465,145467,145504,145506,145514,145516,145557,145559,145568,145573,145578,145580,145607,145614,145617,145648,145650,145659,145665,145674,145705,145707,145719,145732,145736,145741,145771,145773,145840,145842,145852,145854,145859,145862,145867,145872,145876,145882,145888,145891,145893,145951,145953,145961,145963,145999],[10,144855,123414,144857,11638],{"id":144856},"python-string-upper-method",[18,144858,128292],{},[14,144860,123419,144861,144863],{},[18,144862,128292],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[14,144865,84676,144866,144868],{},[18,144867,128292],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[29,144870,32],{"id":31},[34,144872,144874],{"className":36,"code":144873,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[18,144875,144876,144888,144902,144912],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144877,144878,144880,144882,144884,144886],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144879,927],{"class":207},[43,144881,212],{"class":211},[43,144883,932],{"class":81},[43,144885,129133],{"class":85},[43,144887,938],{"class":81},[43,144889,144890,144892,144894,144896,144898,144900],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,144891,1282],{"class":207},[43,144893,212],{"class":211},[43,144895,42893],{"class":207},[43,144897,315],{"class":53},[43,144899,34801],{"class":236},[43,144901,1728],{"class":53},[43,144903,144904,144906,144908,144910],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,144905,50],{"class":49},[43,144907,54],{"class":53},[43,144909,1306],{"class":236},[43,144911,227],{"class":53},[43,144913,144914],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,144915,144916],{"class":3984},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[14,144918,144919,144921,144922,144924],{},[18,144920,128292],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[913,144923,734],{}," change the original string in place.",[29,144926,3998,144928,4001],{"id":144927},"what-upper-does",[18,144929,128292],{},[150,144931,144932,144937,144940,144942],{},[153,144933,144934,144936],{},[18,144935,128292],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[153,144938,144939],{},"It works on string values only",[153,144941,133662],{},[153,144943,136380],{},[14,144945,125166,144946,2172,144948,315],{},[189,144947,136386],{"href":136385},[189,144949,125169],{"href":51030},[29,144951,290],{"id":289},[14,144953,2505],{},[34,144955,144957],{"className":36,"code":144956,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"string.upper()\n",[18,144958,144959],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144960,144961,144963,144965,144967],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144962,61232],{"class":207},[43,144964,315],{"class":53},[43,144966,34801],{"class":236},[43,144968,1728],{"class":53},[14,144970,11775],{},[150,144972,144973,144975,144978],{},[153,144974,97587],{},[153,144976,144977],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[153,144979,144980],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[14,144982,144983],{},"Example with a variable:",[34,144985,144987],{"className":36,"code":144986,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[18,144988,144989,145001],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,144990,144991,144993,144995,144997,144999],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,144992,8202],{"class":207},[43,144994,212],{"class":211},[43,144996,932],{"class":81},[43,144998,38],{"class":85},[43,145000,938],{"class":81},[43,145002,145003,145005,145007,145009,145011,145013],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,145004,50],{"class":49},[43,145006,54],{"class":53},[43,145008,7992],{"class":236},[43,145010,315],{"class":53},[43,145012,34801],{"class":236},[43,145014,341],{"class":53},[14,145016,145017],{},"Example with a string literal:",[34,145019,145021],{"className":36,"code":145020,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[18,145022,145023],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145024,145025,145027,145029,145031,145033,145035,145037,145039],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145026,50],{"class":49},[43,145028,54],{"class":53},[43,145030,82],{"class":81},[43,145032,710],{"class":85},[43,145034,82],{"class":81},[43,145036,315],{"class":53},[43,145038,34801],{"class":236},[43,145040,341],{"class":53},[29,145042,11792],{"id":11791},[14,145044,145045],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[34,145047,145049],{"className":36,"code":145048,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[18,145050,145051,145063,145078,145082,145092],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145052,145053,145055,145057,145059,145061],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145054,6481],{"class":207},[43,145056,212],{"class":211},[43,145058,932],{"class":81},[43,145060,4410],{"class":85},[43,145062,938],{"class":81},[43,145064,145065,145068,145070,145072,145074,145076],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,145066,145067],{"class":207},"uppercase_word ",[43,145069,212],{"class":211},[43,145071,38707],{"class":207},[43,145073,315],{"class":53},[43,145075,34801],{"class":236},[43,145077,1728],{"class":53},[43,145079,145080],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,145081,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,145083,145084,145086,145088,145090],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,145085,50],{"class":49},[43,145087,54],{"class":53},[43,145089,38717],{"class":236},[43,145091,227],{"class":53},[43,145093,145094,145096,145098,145101],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,145095,50],{"class":49},[43,145097,54],{"class":53},[43,145099,145100],{"class":236},"uppercase_word",[43,145102,227],{"class":53},[14,145104,110],{},[34,145106,145108],{"className":36,"code":145107,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"banana\nBANANA\n",[18,145109,145110,145114],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145111,145112],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145113,70465],{"class":207},[43,145115,145116],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,145117,145118],{"class":34776},"BANANA\n",[14,145120,112528],{},[150,145122,145123,145128],{},[153,145124,145125,145127],{},[18,145126,38717],{}," keeps its original value",[153,145129,145130,145132,145133],{},[18,145131,145100],{}," stores the returned value from ",[18,145134,128292],{},[29,145136,145138,145140],{"id":145137},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[18,145139,128292],{}," does not change the original string",[14,145142,137046,145143,145145],{},[913,145144,137049],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[14,145147,145148],{},"So this method:",[34,145150,145152],{"className":36,"code":145151,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[18,145153,145154,145166,145176,145180],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145155,145156,145158,145160,145162,145164],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145157,8202],{"class":207},[43,145159,212],{"class":211},[43,145161,932],{"class":81},[43,145163,18125],{"class":85},[43,145165,938],{"class":81},[43,145167,145168,145170,145172,145174],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,145169,7992],{"class":207},[43,145171,315],{"class":53},[43,145173,34801],{"class":236},[43,145175,1728],{"class":53},[43,145177,145178],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,145179,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,145181,145182,145184,145186,145188],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,145183,50],{"class":49},[43,145185,54],{"class":53},[43,145187,7992],{"class":236},[43,145189,227],{"class":53},[14,145191,110],{},[34,145193,145195],{"className":36,"code":145194,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"alice\n",[18,145196,145197],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145198,145199],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145200,145194],{"class":207},[14,145202,21301,145203,145205,145206,145208],{},[18,145204,128292],{}," was called, ",[18,145207,7992],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[14,145210,145211],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[34,145213,145215],{"className":36,"code":145214,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[18,145216,145217,145229,145243,145247],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145218,145219,145221,145223,145225,145227],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145220,8202],{"class":207},[43,145222,212],{"class":211},[43,145224,932],{"class":81},[43,145226,18125],{"class":85},[43,145228,938],{"class":81},[43,145230,145231,145233,145235,145237,145239,145241],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,145232,8202],{"class":207},[43,145234,212],{"class":211},[43,145236,36315],{"class":207},[43,145238,315],{"class":53},[43,145240,34801],{"class":236},[43,145242,1728],{"class":53},[43,145244,145245],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,145246,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,145248,145249,145251,145253,145255],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,145250,50],{"class":49},[43,145252,54],{"class":53},[43,145254,7992],{"class":236},[43,145256,227],{"class":53},[14,145258,110],{},[34,145260,145262],{"className":36,"code":145261,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"ALICE\n",[18,145263,145264],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145265,145266],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145267,145261],{"class":34776},[14,145269,145270],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[29,145272,145274],{"id":145273},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[14,145276,145277,145279],{},[18,145278,128292],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[150,145281,145282,145285,145288,145291],{},[153,145283,145284],{},"Numbers stay the same",[153,145286,145287],{},"Spaces stay the same",[153,145289,145290],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[153,145292,145293],{},"Only letters are changed",[14,145295,197],{},[34,145297,145299],{"className":36,"code":145298,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[18,145300,145301,145314],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145302,145303,145305,145307,145309,145312],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145304,927],{"class":207},[43,145306,212],{"class":211},[43,145308,932],{"class":81},[43,145310,145311],{"class":85},"Room 7, table #3!",[43,145313,938],{"class":81},[43,145315,145316,145318,145320,145322,145324,145326],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,145317,50],{"class":49},[43,145319,54],{"class":53},[43,145321,951],{"class":236},[43,145323,315],{"class":53},[43,145325,34801],{"class":236},[43,145327,341],{"class":53},[14,145329,110],{},[34,145331,145333],{"className":36,"code":145332,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[18,145334,145335],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145336,145337,145340,145342,145344,145347],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145338,145339],{"class":34776},"ROOM",[43,145341,6320],{"class":63},[43,145343,800],{"class":53},[43,145345,145346],{"class":34776}," TABLE",[43,145348,145349],{"class":3984}," #3!\n",[14,145351,145352],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[29,145354,5284,145356],{"id":145355},"when-to-use-upper",[18,145357,128292],{},[14,145359,145360,145362],{},[18,145361,128292],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[14,145364,48393],{},[150,145366,145367,145370,145373],{},[153,145368,145369],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[153,145371,145372],{},"Format labels or headings",[153,145374,145375],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[14,145377,145378],{},"Example: simple comparison",[34,145380,145382],{"className":36,"code":145381,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[18,145383,145384,145396,145400,145422],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145385,145386,145388,145390,145392,145394],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145387,136657],{"class":207},[43,145389,212],{"class":211},[43,145391,932],{"class":81},[43,145393,8976],{"class":85},[43,145395,938],{"class":81},[43,145397,145398],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,145399,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,145401,145402,145404,145406,145408,145410,145412,145414,145416,145418,145420],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,145403,7323],{"class":1927},[43,145405,136677],{"class":207},[43,145407,315],{"class":53},[43,145409,34801],{"class":236},[43,145411,830],{"class":53},[43,145413,6734],{"class":211},[43,145415,932],{"class":81},[43,145417,136664],{"class":85},[43,145419,82],{"class":81},[43,145421,1931],{"class":53},[43,145423,145424,145426,145428,145430,145432,145434],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,145425,1951],{"class":49},[43,145427,54],{"class":53},[43,145429,82],{"class":81},[43,145431,143861],{"class":85},[43,145433,82],{"class":81},[43,145435,227],{"class":53},[14,145437,110],{},[34,145439,145440],{"className":36,"code":143870,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,145441,145442],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145443,145444],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145445,143870],{"class":207},[14,145447,145448,145449,2534,145451,2537,145453,315],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[18,145450,8976],{},[18,145452,137450],{},[18,145454,136664],{},[29,145456,3160],{"id":3159},[402,145458,95948],{"id":95947},[14,145460,8440,145461,145464],{},[18,145462,145463],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[14,145466,16966],{},[34,145468,145470],{"className":36,"code":145469,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[18,145471,145472,145484,145494],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145473,145474,145476,145478,145480,145482],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145475,927],{"class":207},[43,145477,212],{"class":211},[43,145479,932],{"class":81},[43,145481,710],{"class":85},[43,145483,938],{"class":81},[43,145485,145486,145488,145490,145492],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,145487,951],{"class":207},[43,145489,315],{"class":53},[43,145491,34801],{"class":236},[43,145493,1728],{"class":53},[43,145495,145496,145498,145500,145502],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,145497,50],{"class":49},[43,145499,54],{"class":53},[43,145501,951],{"class":236},[43,145503,227],{"class":53},[14,145505,110],{},[34,145507,145508],{"className":36,"code":138729,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,145509,145510],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145511,145512],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145513,138729],{"class":207},[14,145515,16978],{},[34,145517,145519],{"className":36,"code":145518,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[18,145520,145521,145533,145547],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145522,145523,145525,145527,145529,145531],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145524,927],{"class":207},[43,145526,212],{"class":211},[43,145528,932],{"class":81},[43,145530,710],{"class":85},[43,145532,938],{"class":81},[43,145534,145535,145537,145539,145541,145543,145545],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,145536,927],{"class":207},[43,145538,212],{"class":211},[43,145540,42893],{"class":207},[43,145542,315],{"class":53},[43,145544,34801],{"class":236},[43,145546,1728],{"class":53},[43,145548,145549,145551,145553,145555],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,145550,50],{"class":49},[43,145552,54],{"class":53},[43,145554,951],{"class":236},[43,145556,227],{"class":53},[14,145558,110],{},[34,145560,145562],{"className":36,"code":145561,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"HELLO\n",[18,145563,145564],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145565,145566],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145567,145561],{"class":34776},[402,145569,19230,145571,137336],{"id":145570},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[18,145572,128292],{},[14,145574,145575,145577],{},[18,145576,128292],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[14,145579,197],{},[34,145581,145583],{"className":36,"code":145582,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[18,145584,145585,145593],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145586,145587,145589,145591],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145588,208],{"class":207},[43,145590,212],{"class":211},[43,145592,125096],{"class":63},[43,145594,145595,145597,145599,145601,145603,145605],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,145596,50],{"class":49},[43,145598,54],{"class":53},[43,145600,237],{"class":236},[43,145602,315],{"class":53},[43,145604,34801],{"class":236},[43,145606,341],{"class":53},[14,145608,39980,145609,145611,145612,33923],{},[18,145610,2069],{}," objects do not have an ",[18,145613,128292],{},[14,145615,145616],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[34,145618,145620],{"className":36,"code":145619,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[18,145621,145622,145630],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145623,145624,145626,145628],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145625,208],{"class":207},[43,145627,212],{"class":211},[43,145629,125096],{"class":63},[43,145631,145632,145634,145636,145638,145640,145642,145644,145646],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,145633,50],{"class":49},[43,145635,54],{"class":53},[43,145637,1038],{"class":57},[43,145639,54],{"class":53},[43,145641,237],{"class":236},[43,145643,8951],{"class":53},[43,145645,34801],{"class":236},[43,145647,341],{"class":53},[14,145649,110],{},[34,145651,145653],{"className":36,"code":145652,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"123\n",[18,145654,145655],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145656,145657],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145658,145652],{"class":63},[402,145660,37529,145662,145664],{"id":145661},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[18,145663,128292],{}," with title case",[14,145666,145667,145669,145670,145673],{},[18,145668,128292],{}," makes ",[913,145671,145672],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[34,145675,145677],{"className":36,"code":145676,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[18,145678,145679,145691],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145680,145681,145683,145685,145687,145689],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145682,927],{"class":207},[43,145684,212],{"class":211},[43,145686,932],{"class":81},[43,145688,60464],{"class":85},[43,145690,938],{"class":81},[43,145692,145693,145695,145697,145699,145701,145703],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,145694,50],{"class":49},[43,145696,54],{"class":53},[43,145698,951],{"class":236},[43,145700,315],{"class":53},[43,145702,34801],{"class":236},[43,145704,341],{"class":53},[14,145706,110],{},[34,145708,145710],{"className":36,"code":145709,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"HELLO WORLD\n",[18,145711,145712],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145713,145714,145716],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145715,136438],{"class":34776},[43,145717,145718],{"class":34776}," WORLD\n",[14,145720,145721,145722,145726,145727,145731],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[189,145723,145724],{"href":124141},[18,145725,124144],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[189,145728,145729],{"href":129995},[18,145730,124585],{}," changes parts of a string.",[29,145733,145735],{"id":145734},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[14,145737,145738,145739,325],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[18,145740,128292],{},[150,145742,145743,145750,145757,145764],{},[153,145744,145745,145749],{},[189,145746,145747],{"href":124141},[18,145748,124144],{}," for lowercase text",[153,145751,145752,145756],{},[189,145753,145754],{"href":136984},[18,145755,1691],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[153,145758,145759,145763],{},[189,145760,145761],{"href":129995},[18,145762,124585],{}," for changing parts of a string",[153,145765,145766,895,145768,145770],{},[18,145767,127782],{},[18,145769,126472],{}," for checks",[14,145772,197],{},[34,145774,145776],{"className":36,"code":145775,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[18,145777,145778,145790,145794,145809,145825,145829],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145779,145780,145782,145784,145786,145788],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145781,927],{"class":207},[43,145783,212],{"class":211},[43,145785,932],{"class":81},[43,145787,143512],{"class":85},[43,145789,938],{"class":81},[43,145791,145792],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,145793,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,145795,145796,145799,145801,145803,145805,145807],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,145797,145798],{"class":207},"cleaned ",[43,145800,212],{"class":211},[43,145802,42893],{"class":207},[43,145804,315],{"class":53},[43,145806,1725],{"class":236},[43,145808,1728],{"class":53},[43,145810,145811,145814,145816,145819,145821,145823],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,145812,145813],{"class":207},"loud ",[43,145815,212],{"class":211},[43,145817,145818],{"class":207}," cleaned",[43,145820,315],{"class":53},[43,145822,34801],{"class":236},[43,145824,1728],{"class":53},[43,145826,145827],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,145828,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,145830,145831,145833,145835,145838],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,145832,50],{"class":49},[43,145834,54],{"class":53},[43,145836,145837],{"class":236},"loud",[43,145839,227],{"class":53},[14,145841,110],{},[34,145843,145844],{"className":36,"code":145709,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,145845,145846],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145847,145848,145850],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145849,136438],{"class":34776},[43,145851,145718],{"class":34776},[29,145853,2162],{"id":2161},[402,145855,13023,145857,124741],{"id":145856},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[18,145858,128292],{},[14,145860,145861],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[402,145863,13023,145865,137718],{"id":145864},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[18,145866,128292],{},[14,145868,145869,145870,315],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[18,145871,145463],{},[402,145873,145875],{"id":145874},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[14,145877,145878,145879,145881],{},"They stay the same. ",[18,145880,128292],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[402,145883,28653,145885,145887],{"id":145884},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[18,145886,128292],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[14,145889,145890],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[14,145892,197],{},[34,145894,145896],{"className":36,"code":145895,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[18,145897,145898,145910,145923,145927],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145899,145900,145902,145904,145906,145908],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145901,1178],{"class":207},[43,145903,212],{"class":211},[43,145905,932],{"class":81},[43,145907,38],{"class":85},[43,145909,938],{"class":81},[43,145911,145912,145914,145916,145918,145921],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,145913,1192],{"class":207},[43,145915,212],{"class":211},[43,145917,932],{"class":81},[43,145919,145920],{"class":85},"PYTHON",[43,145922,938],{"class":81},[43,145924,145925],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,145926,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,145928,145929,145931,145933,145935,145937,145939,145941,145943,145945,145947,145949],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,145930,50],{"class":49},[43,145932,54],{"class":53},[43,145934,189],{"class":236},[43,145936,315],{"class":53},[43,145938,34801],{"class":236},[43,145940,830],{"class":53},[43,145942,6734],{"class":211},[43,145944,2889],{"class":236},[43,145946,315],{"class":53},[43,145948,34801],{"class":236},[43,145950,341],{"class":53},[14,145952,110],{},[34,145954,145955],{"className":36,"code":4301,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,145956,145957],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,145958,145959],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,145960,4301],{"class":104},[29,145962,2229],{"id":2228},[150,145964,145965,145969,145975,145981,145987,145991,145995],{},[153,145966,145967],{},[189,145968,125169],{"href":51030},[153,145970,145971],{},[189,145972,126414,145973,11055],{"href":124141},[18,145974,124144],{},[153,145976,145977],{},[189,145978,126414,145979,11055],{"href":136984},[18,145980,1691],{},[153,145982,145983],{},[189,145984,126414,145985,11055],{"href":129995},[18,145986,124585],{},[153,145988,145989],{},[189,145990,90742],{"href":89751},[153,145992,145993],{},[189,145994,124813],{"href":123669},[153,145996,145997],{},[189,145998,137804],{"href":136385},[2262,146000,146001],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":146003},[146004,146005,146007,146008,146009,146011,146012,146014,146021,146022,146031],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":144927,"depth":70,"text":146006},"What upper() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":11791,"depth":70,"text":11792},{"id":145137,"depth":70,"text":146010},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145273,"depth":70,"text":145274},{"id":145355,"depth":70,"text":146013},"When to use upper()",{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160,"children":146015},[146016,146017,146019],{"id":95947,"depth":93,"text":95948},{"id":145570,"depth":93,"text":146018},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145661,"depth":93,"text":146020},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145734,"depth":70,"text":145735},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":146023},[146024,146026,146028,146029],{"id":145856,"depth":93,"text":146025},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145864,"depth":93,"text":146027},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145874,"depth":93,"text":145875},{"id":145884,"depth":93,"text":146030},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144851,"description":146032},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":146039,"title":146040,"body":146041,"description":147918,"extension":2312,"meta":147919,"navigation":958,"path":147920,"seo":147921,"stem":147922,"__hash__":147923},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":146042,"toc":147868},[146043,146049,146056,146062,146064,146120,146125,146130,146135,146138,146157,146160,146162,146186,146204,146215,146217,146220,146273,146275,146283,146285,146303,146308,146311,146368,146370,146379,146382,146402,146405,146411,146416,146418,146461,146463,146471,146474,146515,146517,146526,146532,146538,146565,146567,146575,146580,146584,146596,146639,146641,146649,146654,146660,146665,146669,146671,146714,146717,146764,146766,146775,146782,146786,146789,146835,146840,146844,146846,146889,146892,146900,146902,146907,146909,146911,146930,146933,146945,146947,146966,146968,146976,146980,146982,147033,147036,147111,147113,147121,147124,147128,147130,147177,147180,147251,147253,147261,147267,147269,147344,147348,147427,147429,147437,147443,147449,147454,147459,147508,147512,147583,147586,147591,147602,147605,147616,147626,147628,147633,147658,147663,147744,147746,147771,147773,147778,147781,147787,147796,147802,147805,147811,147817,147824,147827,147829,147865],[10,146044,3894,146046,3898],{"id":146045},"python-sum-function-explained",[18,146047,146048],{},"sum()",[14,146050,16,146051,146053,146054,25088],{},[18,146052,146048],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[18,146055,60056],{},[14,146057,146058,146059,146061],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[18,146060,36396],{}," value and a few important limits.",[29,146063,32],{"id":31},[34,146065,146067],{"className":36,"code":146066,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[18,146068,146069,146093,146108],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146070,146071,146073,146075,146077,146079,146081,146083,146085,146087,146089,146091],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146072,3937],{"class":207},[43,146074,212],{"class":211},[43,146076,3942],{"class":53},[43,146078,797],{"class":63},[43,146080,800],{"class":53},[43,146082,803],{"class":63},[43,146084,800],{"class":53},[43,146086,808],{"class":63},[43,146088,800],{"class":53},[43,146090,2789],{"class":63},[43,146092,3955],{"class":53},[43,146094,146095,146097,146099,146102,146104,146106],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,146096,1210],{"class":207},[43,146098,212],{"class":211},[43,146100,146101],{"class":49}," sum",[43,146103,54],{"class":53},[43,146105,3969],{"class":236},[43,146107,227],{"class":53},[43,146109,146110,146112,146114,146116,146118],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,146111,50],{"class":49},[43,146113,54],{"class":53},[43,146115,1242],{"class":236},[43,146117,1221],{"class":53},[43,146119,27119],{"class":3984},[14,146121,133,146122,146124],{},[18,146123,146048],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[29,146126,3998,146128,4001],{"id":146127},"what-sum-does",[18,146129,146048],{},[14,146131,146132,146134],{},[18,146133,146048],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[14,146136,146137],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[150,146139,146140,146143,146146,146151],{},[153,146141,146142],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[153,146144,146145],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[153,146147,146148,146149],{},"Adding numbers from ",[18,146150,36522],{},[153,146152,146153,146154,146156],{},"Counting ",[18,146155,105],{}," values in a list of booleans",[14,146158,146159],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[29,146161,290],{"id":289},[34,146163,146165],{"className":36,"code":146164,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[18,146166,146167],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146168,146169,146172,146174,146176,146178,146180,146182,146184],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146170,146171],{"class":49},"sum",[43,146173,54],{"class":53},[43,146175,4042],{"class":236},[43,146177,800],{"class":53},[43,146179,36375],{"class":9491},[43,146181,212],{"class":211},[43,146183,2466],{"class":63},[43,146185,227],{"class":53},[150,146187,146188,146193,146198],{},[153,146189,146190,146192],{},[18,146191,4042],{}," is the group of values to add",[153,146194,146195,146197],{},[18,146196,36396],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[153,146199,146200,146201],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[18,146202,146203],{},"sum(iterable)",[14,146205,146206,146207,146210,146211,315],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146208,146209,4042],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[189,146212,146213,24941],{"href":36519},[18,146214,36522],{},[29,146216,11792],{"id":11791},[14,146218,146219],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[34,146221,146223],{"className":36,"code":146222,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,146224,146225,146245,146259,146263],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146226,146227,146229,146231,146233,146235,146237,146239,146241,146243],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146228,3937],{"class":207},[43,146230,212],{"class":211},[43,146232,3942],{"class":53},[43,146234,64],{"class":63},[43,146236,800],{"class":53},[43,146238,6331],{"class":63},[43,146240,800],{"class":53},[43,146242,38262],{"class":63},[43,146244,3955],{"class":53},[43,146246,146247,146249,146251,146253,146255,146257],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,146248,1210],{"class":207},[43,146250,212],{"class":211},[43,146252,146101],{"class":49},[43,146254,54],{"class":53},[43,146256,3969],{"class":236},[43,146258,227],{"class":53},[43,146260,146261],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,146262,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,146264,146265,146267,146269,146271],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,146266,50],{"class":49},[43,146268,54],{"class":53},[43,146270,1242],{"class":236},[43,146272,227],{"class":53},[14,146274,110],{},[34,146276,146277],{"className":36,"code":69899,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,146278,146279],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146280,146281],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146282,69899],{"class":63},[14,146284,12001],{},[150,146286,146287,146292,146298],{},[153,146288,146289,146291],{},[18,146290,3969],{}," contains three integers",[153,146293,146294,146297],{},[18,146295,146296],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[153,146299,146300,146301],{},"The result is stored in ",[18,146302,1242],{},[29,146304,36937,146306,1720],{"id":146305},"using-the-start-value",[18,146307,36396],{},[14,146309,146310],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[34,146312,146314],{"className":36,"code":146313,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,146315,146316,146336,146354,146358],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146317,146318,146320,146322,146324,146326,146328,146330,146332,146334],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146319,3937],{"class":207},[43,146321,212],{"class":211},[43,146323,3942],{"class":53},[43,146325,797],{"class":63},[43,146327,800],{"class":53},[43,146329,803],{"class":63},[43,146331,800],{"class":53},[43,146333,808],{"class":63},[43,146335,3955],{"class":53},[43,146337,146338,146340,146342,146344,146346,146348,146350,146352],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,146339,1210],{"class":207},[43,146341,212],{"class":211},[43,146343,146101],{"class":49},[43,146345,54],{"class":53},[43,146347,3969],{"class":236},[43,146349,800],{"class":53},[43,146351,6331],{"class":63},[43,146353,227],{"class":53},[43,146355,146356],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,146357,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,146359,146360,146362,146364,146366],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,146361,50],{"class":49},[43,146363,54],{"class":53},[43,146365,1242],{"class":236},[43,146367,227],{"class":53},[14,146369,110],{},[34,146371,146373],{"className":36,"code":146372,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"16\n",[18,146374,146375],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146376,146377],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146378,146372],{"class":63},[14,146380,146381],{},"This works like:",[150,146383,146384,146389,146394,146398],{},[153,146385,146386,146387],{},"Start at ",[18,146388,512],{},[153,146390,146391,146392],{},"Add ",[18,146393,797],{},[153,146395,146391,146396],{},[18,146397,447],{},[153,146399,146391,146400],{},[18,146401,2409],{},[14,146403,146404],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[29,146406,3998,146408,146410],{"id":146407},"what-sum-can-work-with",[18,146409,146048],{}," can work with",[14,146412,146413,146415],{},[18,146414,146048],{}," works with numeric values.",[402,146417,405],{"id":404},[34,146419,146421],{"className":36,"code":146420,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146422,146423,146447],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146424,146425,146427,146429,146431,146433,146435,146437,146439,146441,146443,146445],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146426,4144],{"class":207},[43,146428,212],{"class":211},[43,146430,3942],{"class":53},[43,146432,797],{"class":63},[43,146434,800],{"class":53},[43,146436,803],{"class":63},[43,146438,800],{"class":53},[43,146440,808],{"class":63},[43,146442,800],{"class":53},[43,146444,2789],{"class":63},[43,146446,3955],{"class":53},[43,146448,146449,146451,146453,146455,146457,146459],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,146450,50],{"class":49},[43,146452,54],{"class":53},[43,146454,146171],{"class":49},[43,146456,54],{"class":53},[43,146458,5683],{"class":236},[43,146460,67],{"class":53},[14,146462,110],{},[34,146464,146465],{"className":36,"code":2084,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,146466,146467],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146468,146469],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146470,2084],{"class":63},[402,146472,146473],{"id":52101},"Floats",[34,146475,146477],{"className":36,"code":146476,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[18,146478,146479,146501],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146480,146481,146483,146485,146487,146489,146491,146494,146496,146499],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146482,83107],{"class":207},[43,146484,212],{"class":211},[43,146486,3942],{"class":53},[43,146488,1185],{"class":63},[43,146490,800],{"class":53},[43,146492,146493],{"class":63}," 3.75",[43,146495,800],{"class":53},[43,146497,146498],{"class":63}," 1.25",[43,146500,3955],{"class":53},[43,146502,146503,146505,146507,146509,146511,146513],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,146504,50],{"class":49},[43,146506,54],{"class":53},[43,146508,146171],{"class":49},[43,146510,54],{"class":53},[43,146512,83143],{"class":236},[43,146514,67],{"class":53},[14,146516,110],{},[34,146518,146520],{"className":36,"code":146519,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"7.5\n",[18,146521,146522],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146523,146524],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146525,146519],{"class":63},[14,146527,146528,146529,315],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[189,146530,146531],{"href":2156},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[402,146533,146535,146536],{"id":146534},"values-from-range","Values from ",[18,146537,36522],{},[34,146539,146541],{"className":36,"code":146540,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[18,146542,146543],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146544,146545,146547,146549,146551,146553,146555,146557,146559,146561,146563],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146546,50],{"class":49},[43,146548,54],{"class":53},[43,146550,146171],{"class":49},[43,146552,54],{"class":53},[43,146554,60056],{"class":49},[43,146556,54],{"class":53},[43,146558,797],{"class":63},[43,146560,800],{"class":53},[43,146562,37969],{"class":63},[43,146564,3239],{"class":53},[14,146566,110],{},[34,146568,146569],{"className":36,"code":47094,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,146570,146571],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146572,146573],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146574,47094],{"class":63},[14,146576,113618,146577,315],{},[18,146578,146579],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[402,146581,146583],{"id":146582},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[14,146585,146586,146587,146589,146590,895,146592,146589,146594,315],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[18,146588,105],{}," acts like ",[18,146591,797],{},[18,146593,613],{},[18,146595,2466],{},[34,146597,146599],{"className":36,"code":146598,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[18,146600,146601,146625],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146602,146603,146605,146607,146609,146611,146613,146615,146617,146619,146621,146623],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146604,52021],{"class":207},[43,146606,212],{"class":211},[43,146608,3942],{"class":53},[43,146610,105],{"class":104},[43,146612,800],{"class":53},[43,146614,4228],{"class":104},[43,146616,800],{"class":53},[43,146618,4237],{"class":104},[43,146620,800],{"class":53},[43,146622,4237],{"class":104},[43,146624,3955],{"class":53},[43,146626,146627,146629,146631,146633,146635,146637],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,146628,50],{"class":49},[43,146630,54],{"class":53},[43,146632,146171],{"class":49},[43,146634,54],{"class":53},[43,146636,52074],{"class":236},[43,146638,67],{"class":53},[14,146640,110],{},[34,146642,146643],{"className":36,"code":46670,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,146644,146645],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146646,146647],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146648,46670],{"class":63},[14,146650,146651,146652,315],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[18,146653,105],{},[29,146655,3998,146657,146659],{"id":146656},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[18,146658,146048],{}," does not work with",[14,146661,146662,146664],{},[18,146663,146048],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[402,146666,146668],{"id":146667},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[14,146670,3167],{},[34,146672,146674],{"className":36,"code":146673,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[18,146675,146676,146700],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146677,146678,146680,146682,146684,146686,146688,146690,146692,146694,146696,146698],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146679,4392],{"class":207},[43,146681,212],{"class":211},[43,146683,3942],{"class":53},[43,146685,82],{"class":81},[43,146687,710],{"class":85},[43,146689,82],{"class":81},[43,146691,800],{"class":53},[43,146693,932],{"class":81},[43,146695,60649],{"class":85},[43,146697,82],{"class":81},[43,146699,3955],{"class":53},[43,146701,146702,146704,146706,146708,146710,146712],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,146703,50],{"class":49},[43,146705,54],{"class":53},[43,146707,146171],{"class":49},[43,146709,54],{"class":53},[43,146711,4436],{"class":236},[43,146713,67],{"class":53},[14,146715,146716],{},"Use string joining instead:",[34,146718,146720],{"className":36,"code":146719,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[18,146721,146722,146746],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146723,146724,146726,146728,146730,146732,146734,146736,146738,146740,146742,146744],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146725,4392],{"class":207},[43,146727,212],{"class":211},[43,146729,3942],{"class":53},[43,146731,82],{"class":81},[43,146733,710],{"class":85},[43,146735,82],{"class":81},[43,146737,800],{"class":53},[43,146739,932],{"class":81},[43,146741,60649],{"class":85},[43,146743,82],{"class":81},[43,146745,3955],{"class":53},[43,146747,146748,146750,146752,146754,146756,146758,146760,146762],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,146749,50],{"class":49},[43,146751,54],{"class":53},[43,146753,769],{"class":81},[43,146755,315],{"class":53},[43,146757,133573],{"class":236},[43,146759,54],{"class":53},[43,146761,4436],{"class":236},[43,146763,67],{"class":53},[14,146765,110],{},[34,146767,146769],{"className":36,"code":146768,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"helloworld\n",[18,146770,146771],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146772,146773],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146774,146768],{"class":207},[14,146776,146777,146778,315],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[189,146779,146780,6109],{"href":2240},[18,146781,47737],{},[402,146783,146785],{"id":146784},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[14,146787,146788],{},"This also causes an error:",[34,146790,146792],{"className":36,"code":146791,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[18,146793,146794,146821],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146795,146796,146799,146801,146803,146805,146807,146809,146811,146813,146815,146817,146819],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146797,146798],{"class":207},"lists ",[43,146800,212],{"class":211},[43,146802,56350],{"class":53},[43,146804,797],{"class":63},[43,146806,800],{"class":53},[43,146808,803],{"class":63},[43,146810,18384],{"class":53},[43,146812,3942],{"class":53},[43,146814,2409],{"class":63},[43,146816,800],{"class":53},[43,146818,2789],{"class":63},[43,146820,53298],{"class":53},[43,146822,146823,146825,146827,146829,146831,146833],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,146824,50],{"class":49},[43,146826,54],{"class":53},[43,146828,146171],{"class":49},[43,146830,54],{"class":53},[43,146832,5624],{"class":236},[43,146834,67],{"class":53},[14,146836,146837,146839],{},[18,146838,146048],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[402,146841,146843],{"id":146842},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[14,146845,5797],{},[34,146847,146849],{"className":36,"code":146848,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146850,146851,146875],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146852,146853,146855,146857,146859,146861,146863,146865,146867,146869,146871,146873],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146854,4144],{"class":207},[43,146856,212],{"class":211},[43,146858,3942],{"class":53},[43,146860,797],{"class":63},[43,146862,800],{"class":53},[43,146864,803],{"class":63},[43,146866,800],{"class":53},[43,146868,932],{"class":81},[43,146870,2409],{"class":85},[43,146872,82],{"class":81},[43,146874,3955],{"class":53},[43,146876,146877,146879,146881,146883,146885,146887],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,146878,50],{"class":49},[43,146880,54],{"class":53},[43,146882,146171],{"class":49},[43,146884,54],{"class":53},[43,146886,5683],{"class":236},[43,146888,67],{"class":53},[14,146890,146891],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[14,146893,146894,146895,146897,146898,315],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[18,146896,66004],{},", convert them first. See ",[189,146899,3289],{"href":3288},[29,146901,1537],{"id":1536},[14,146903,146904,146905,315],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,146906,146048],{},[402,146908,6849],{"id":6848},[14,146910,4849],{},[34,146912,146914],{"className":36,"code":146913,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(sum(5))\n",[18,146915,146916],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146917,146918,146920,146922,146924,146926,146928],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146919,50],{"class":49},[43,146921,54],{"class":53},[43,146923,146171],{"class":49},[43,146925,54],{"class":53},[43,146927,64],{"class":63},[43,146929,67],{"class":53},[14,146931,146932],{},"Why it fails:",[150,146934,146935,146940],{},[153,146936,146937,146939],{},[18,146938,64],{}," is a single integer",[153,146941,146942,146944],{},[18,146943,146048],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[14,146946,6879],{},[34,146948,146950],{"className":36,"code":146949,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(sum([5]))\n",[18,146951,146952],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146953,146954,146956,146958,146960,146962,146964],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146955,50],{"class":49},[43,146957,54],{"class":53},[43,146959,146171],{"class":49},[43,146961,794],{"class":53},[43,146963,64],{"class":63},[43,146965,811],{"class":53},[14,146967,110],{},[34,146969,146970],{"className":36,"code":3274,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,146971,146972],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146973,146974],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146975,3274],{"class":63},[402,146977,146979],{"id":146978},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[14,146981,4849],{},[34,146983,146985],{"className":36,"code":146984,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146986,146987,147019],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,146988,146989,146991,146993,146995,146997,146999,147001,147003,147005,147007,147009,147011,147013,147015,147017],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,146990,4144],{"class":207},[43,146992,212],{"class":211},[43,146994,3942],{"class":53},[43,146996,82],{"class":81},[43,146998,797],{"class":85},[43,147000,82],{"class":81},[43,147002,800],{"class":53},[43,147004,932],{"class":81},[43,147006,447],{"class":85},[43,147008,82],{"class":81},[43,147010,800],{"class":53},[43,147012,932],{"class":81},[43,147014,2409],{"class":85},[43,147016,82],{"class":81},[43,147018,3955],{"class":53},[43,147020,147021,147023,147025,147027,147029,147031],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,147022,50],{"class":49},[43,147024,54],{"class":53},[43,147026,146171],{"class":49},[43,147028,54],{"class":53},[43,147030,5683],{"class":236},[43,147032,67],{"class":53},[14,147034,147035],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[34,147037,147039],{"className":36,"code":147038,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[18,147040,147041,147073,147101],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147042,147043,147045,147047,147049,147051,147053,147055,147057,147059,147061,147063,147065,147067,147069,147071],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147044,4144],{"class":207},[43,147046,212],{"class":211},[43,147048,3942],{"class":53},[43,147050,82],{"class":81},[43,147052,797],{"class":85},[43,147054,82],{"class":81},[43,147056,800],{"class":53},[43,147058,932],{"class":81},[43,147060,447],{"class":85},[43,147062,82],{"class":81},[43,147064,800],{"class":53},[43,147066,932],{"class":81},[43,147068,2409],{"class":85},[43,147070,82],{"class":81},[43,147072,3955],{"class":53},[43,147074,147075,147077,147079,147081,147083,147085,147087,147089,147091,147093,147095,147097,147099],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,147076,1210],{"class":207},[43,147078,212],{"class":211},[43,147080,146101],{"class":49},[43,147082,54],{"class":53},[43,147084,2069],{"class":57},[43,147086,54],{"class":53},[43,147088,2519],{"class":236},[43,147090,1221],{"class":53},[43,147092,4197],{"class":1927},[43,147094,4200],{"class":236},[43,147096,4203],{"class":1927},[43,147098,4206],{"class":236},[43,147100,227],{"class":53},[43,147102,147103,147105,147107,147109],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,147104,50],{"class":49},[43,147106,54],{"class":53},[43,147108,1242],{"class":236},[43,147110,227],{"class":53},[14,147112,110],{},[34,147114,147115],{"className":36,"code":2984,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,147116,147117],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147118,147119],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147120,2984],{"class":63},[14,147122,147123],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[402,147125,147127],{"id":147126},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[14,147129,4849],{},[34,147131,147133],{"className":36,"code":147132,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,147134,147135,147163],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147136,147137,147139,147141,147143,147145,147147,147149,147151,147153,147155,147157,147159,147161],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147138,4144],{"class":207},[43,147140,212],{"class":211},[43,147142,3942],{"class":53},[43,147144,797],{"class":63},[43,147146,800],{"class":53},[43,147148,803],{"class":63},[43,147150,800],{"class":53},[43,147152,932],{"class":81},[43,147154,2409],{"class":85},[43,147156,82],{"class":81},[43,147158,800],{"class":53},[43,147160,2789],{"class":63},[43,147162,3955],{"class":53},[43,147164,147165,147167,147169,147171,147173,147175],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,147166,50],{"class":49},[43,147168,54],{"class":53},[43,147170,146171],{"class":49},[43,147172,54],{"class":53},[43,147174,5683],{"class":236},[43,147176,67],{"class":53},[14,147178,147179],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[34,147181,147183],{"className":36,"code":147182,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[18,147184,147185,147213,147241],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147186,147187,147189,147191,147193,147195,147197,147199,147201,147203,147205,147207,147209,147211],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147188,4144],{"class":207},[43,147190,212],{"class":211},[43,147192,3942],{"class":53},[43,147194,797],{"class":63},[43,147196,800],{"class":53},[43,147198,803],{"class":63},[43,147200,800],{"class":53},[43,147202,932],{"class":81},[43,147204,2409],{"class":85},[43,147206,82],{"class":81},[43,147208,800],{"class":53},[43,147210,2789],{"class":63},[43,147212,3955],{"class":53},[43,147214,147215,147217,147219,147221,147223,147225,147227,147229,147231,147233,147235,147237,147239],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,147216,1210],{"class":207},[43,147218,212],{"class":211},[43,147220,146101],{"class":49},[43,147222,54],{"class":53},[43,147224,2069],{"class":57},[43,147226,54],{"class":53},[43,147228,2519],{"class":236},[43,147230,1221],{"class":53},[43,147232,4197],{"class":1927},[43,147234,4200],{"class":236},[43,147236,4203],{"class":1927},[43,147238,4206],{"class":236},[43,147240,227],{"class":53},[43,147242,147243,147245,147247,147249],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,147244,50],{"class":49},[43,147246,54],{"class":53},[43,147248,1242],{"class":236},[43,147250,227],{"class":53},[14,147252,110],{},[34,147254,147255],{"className":36,"code":2084,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,147256,147257],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147258,147259],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147260,2084],{"class":63},[402,147262,8738,147264,147266],{"id":147263},"using-sum-to-join-text",[18,147265,146048],{}," to join text",[14,147268,4849],{},[34,147270,147272],{"className":36,"code":147271,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[18,147273,147274,147330],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147275,147276,147278,147280,147282,147284,147286,147288,147290,147292,147294,147296,147298,147300,147302,147304,147306,147308,147310,147312,147314,147316,147318,147320,147322,147324,147326,147328],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147277,36414],{"class":207},[43,147279,212],{"class":211},[43,147281,3942],{"class":53},[43,147283,82],{"class":81},[43,147285,134172],{"class":85},[43,147287,82],{"class":81},[43,147289,800],{"class":53},[43,147291,932],{"class":81},[43,147293,12063],{"class":85},[43,147295,82],{"class":81},[43,147297,800],{"class":53},[43,147299,932],{"class":81},[43,147301,63345],{"class":85},[43,147303,82],{"class":81},[43,147305,800],{"class":53},[43,147307,932],{"class":81},[43,147309,60496],{"class":85},[43,147311,82],{"class":81},[43,147313,800],{"class":53},[43,147315,932],{"class":81},[43,147317,60531],{"class":85},[43,147319,82],{"class":81},[43,147321,800],{"class":53},[43,147323,932],{"class":81},[43,147325,76089],{"class":85},[43,147327,82],{"class":81},[43,147329,3955],{"class":53},[43,147331,147332,147334,147336,147338,147340,147342],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,147333,50],{"class":49},[43,147335,54],{"class":53},[43,147337,146171],{"class":49},[43,147339,54],{"class":53},[43,147341,36467],{"class":236},[43,147343,67],{"class":53},[14,147345,133,147346,60590],{},[18,147347,133496],{},[34,147349,147351],{"className":36,"code":147350,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[18,147352,147353,147409],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147354,147355,147357,147359,147361,147363,147365,147367,147369,147371,147373,147375,147377,147379,147381,147383,147385,147387,147389,147391,147393,147395,147397,147399,147401,147403,147405,147407],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147356,36414],{"class":207},[43,147358,212],{"class":211},[43,147360,3942],{"class":53},[43,147362,82],{"class":81},[43,147364,134172],{"class":85},[43,147366,82],{"class":81},[43,147368,800],{"class":53},[43,147370,932],{"class":81},[43,147372,12063],{"class":85},[43,147374,82],{"class":81},[43,147376,800],{"class":53},[43,147378,932],{"class":81},[43,147380,63345],{"class":85},[43,147382,82],{"class":81},[43,147384,800],{"class":53},[43,147386,932],{"class":81},[43,147388,60496],{"class":85},[43,147390,82],{"class":81},[43,147392,800],{"class":53},[43,147394,932],{"class":81},[43,147396,60531],{"class":85},[43,147398,82],{"class":81},[43,147400,800],{"class":53},[43,147402,932],{"class":81},[43,147404,76089],{"class":85},[43,147406,82],{"class":81},[43,147408,3955],{"class":53},[43,147410,147411,147413,147415,147417,147419,147421,147423,147425],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,147412,50],{"class":49},[43,147414,54],{"class":53},[43,147416,769],{"class":81},[43,147418,315],{"class":53},[43,147420,133573],{"class":236},[43,147422,54],{"class":53},[43,147424,36467],{"class":236},[43,147426,67],{"class":53},[14,147428,110],{},[34,147430,147431],{"className":36,"code":134253,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,147432,147433],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147434,147435],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147436,134253],{"class":207},[14,147438,147439,147440,315],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[189,147441,147442],{"href":135334},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[29,147444,147446,147448],{"id":147445},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[18,147447,146048],{}," vs manual loop",[14,147450,147451,147453],{},[18,147452,146048],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[402,147455,8738,147457],{"id":147456},"using-sum",[18,147458,146048],{},[34,147460,147462],{"className":36,"code":147461,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[18,147463,147464,147484,147498],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147465,147466,147468,147470,147472,147474,147476,147478,147480,147482],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147467,3937],{"class":207},[43,147469,212],{"class":211},[43,147471,3942],{"class":53},[43,147473,2835],{"class":63},[43,147475,800],{"class":53},[43,147477,6320],{"class":63},[43,147479,800],{"class":53},[43,147481,54192],{"class":63},[43,147483,3955],{"class":53},[43,147485,147486,147488,147490,147492,147494,147496],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,147487,1210],{"class":207},[43,147489,212],{"class":211},[43,147491,146101],{"class":49},[43,147493,54],{"class":53},[43,147495,3969],{"class":236},[43,147497,227],{"class":53},[43,147499,147500,147502,147504,147506],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,147501,50],{"class":49},[43,147503,54],{"class":53},[43,147505,1242],{"class":236},[43,147507,227],{"class":53},[402,147509,147511],{"id":147510},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[34,147513,147515],{"className":36,"code":147514,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,147516,147517,147537,147545,147549,147561,147569,147573],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147518,147519,147521,147523,147525,147527,147529,147531,147533,147535],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147520,3937],{"class":207},[43,147522,212],{"class":211},[43,147524,3942],{"class":53},[43,147526,2835],{"class":63},[43,147528,800],{"class":53},[43,147530,6320],{"class":63},[43,147532,800],{"class":53},[43,147534,54192],{"class":63},[43,147536,3955],{"class":53},[43,147538,147539,147541,147543],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,147540,1210],{"class":207},[43,147542,212],{"class":211},[43,147544,38839],{"class":63},[43,147546,147547],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,147548,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,147550,147551,147553,147555,147557,147559],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,147552,6284],{"class":1927},[43,147554,6713],{"class":207},[43,147556,4203],{"class":1927},[43,147558,4586],{"class":207},[43,147560,1931],{"class":53},[43,147562,147563,147565,147567],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,147564,90166],{"class":207},[43,147566,90169],{"class":211},[43,147568,90172],{"class":207},[43,147570,147571],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,147572,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,147574,147575,147577,147579,147581],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,147576,50],{"class":49},[43,147578,54],{"class":53},[43,147580,1242],{"class":236},[43,147582,227],{"class":53},[14,147584,147585],{},"Both produce the same result.",[14,147587,2819,147588,147590],{},[18,147589,146048],{}," is often better:",[150,147592,147593,147596,147599],{},[153,147594,147595],{},"Shorter code",[153,147597,147598],{},"Easier to read",[153,147600,147601],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[14,147603,147604],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[150,147606,147607,147610,147613],{},[153,147608,147609],{},"You need to skip some values",[153,147611,147612],{},"You need extra checks",[153,147614,147615],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[14,147617,147618,147619,147622,147623,147625],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[189,147620,147621],{"href":40334},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[18,147624,146048],{}," on the filtered result.",[29,147627,3160],{"id":3159},[14,147629,147630,147631,325],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[18,147632,146048],{},[150,147634,147635,147641,147648,147655],{},[153,147636,147637,147638],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[18,147639,147640],{},"sum(5)",[153,147642,147643,147644,147647],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[18,147645,147646],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[153,147649,8738,147650,147652,147653],{},[18,147651,146048],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[18,147654,133496],{},[153,147656,147657],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[14,147659,9194,147660,147662],{},[18,147661,146048],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[34,147664,147666],{"className":36,"code":147665,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[18,147667,147668,147678,147692,147716],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147669,147670,147672,147674,147676],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147671,50],{"class":49},[43,147673,54],{"class":53},[43,147675,5683],{"class":236},[43,147677,227],{"class":53},[43,147679,147680,147682,147684,147686,147688,147690],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,147681,50],{"class":49},[43,147683,54],{"class":53},[43,147685,248],{"class":57},[43,147687,54],{"class":53},[43,147689,5683],{"class":236},[43,147691,67],{"class":53},[43,147693,147694,147696,147698,147700,147702,147704,147706,147708,147710,147712,147714],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,147695,50],{"class":49},[43,147697,794],{"class":53},[43,147699,248],{"class":57},[43,147701,54],{"class":53},[43,147703,2519],{"class":236},[43,147705,1221],{"class":53},[43,147707,4197],{"class":1927},[43,147709,4200],{"class":236},[43,147711,4203],{"class":1927},[43,147713,4206],{"class":236},[43,147715,4209],{"class":53},[43,147717,147718,147720,147722,147724,147726,147728,147730,147732,147734,147736,147738,147740,147742],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,147719,50],{"class":49},[43,147721,54],{"class":53},[43,147723,146171],{"class":49},[43,147725,794],{"class":53},[43,147727,2069],{"class":57},[43,147729,54],{"class":53},[43,147731,2519],{"class":236},[43,147733,1221],{"class":53},[43,147735,4197],{"class":1927},[43,147737,4200],{"class":236},[43,147739,4203],{"class":1927},[43,147741,4206],{"class":236},[43,147743,811],{"class":53},[14,147745,136067],{},[150,147747,147748,147754,147760,147765],{},[153,147749,147750,147753],{},[18,147751,147752],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[153,147755,147756,147759],{},[18,147757,147758],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[153,147761,147762,136089],{},[18,147763,147764],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[153,147766,147767,147770],{},[18,147768,147769],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[29,147772,2162],{"id":2161},[402,147774,5466,147776,5469],{"id":147775},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[18,147777,146048],{},[14,147779,147780],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[402,147782,5493,147784,147786],{"id":147783},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[18,147785,146048],{}," add strings in Python?",[14,147788,30591,147789,2172,147792,147795],{},[18,147790,147791],{},"''.join(...)",[18,147793,147794],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[402,147797,5493,147799,147801],{"id":147798},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[18,147800,146048],{}," work with floats?",[14,147803,147804],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[402,147806,147808,147809,2822],{"id":147807},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[18,147810,146048],{},[14,147812,147813,147814,147816],{},"It is the optional ",[18,147815,36396],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[402,147818,5481,147820,119452,147822,2822],{"id":147819},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[18,147821,146048],{},[18,147823,823],{},[14,147825,147826],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[29,147828,2229],{"id":2228},[150,147830,147831,147835,147841,147847,147853,147857,147861],{},[153,147832,147833],{},[189,147834,146531],{"href":2156},[153,147836,147837],{},[189,147838,3894,147839,3827],{"href":36519},[18,147840,36522],{},[153,147842,147843],{},[189,147844,3894,147845,3827],{"href":42409},[18,147846,42412],{},[153,147848,147849],{},[189,147850,3894,147851,3827],{"href":2240},[18,147852,47737],{},[153,147854,147855],{},[189,147856,5545],{"href":40334},[153,147858,147859],{},[189,147860,3844],{"href":3288},[153,147862,147863],{},[189,147864,147442],{"href":135334},[2262,147866,147867],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":147869},[147870,147871,147873,147874,147875,147877,147885,147891,147898,147904,147905,147917],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":146127,"depth":70,"text":147872},"What sum() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":11791,"depth":70,"text":11792},{"id":146305,"depth":70,"text":147876},"Using the start value",{"id":146407,"depth":70,"text":147878,"children":147879},"What sum() can work with",[147880,147881,147882,147884],{"id":404,"depth":93,"text":405},{"id":52101,"depth":93,"text":146473},{"id":146534,"depth":93,"text":147883},"Values from range()",{"id":146582,"depth":93,"text":146583},{"id":146656,"depth":70,"text":147886,"children":147887},"What sum() does not work with",[147888,147889,147890],{"id":146667,"depth":93,"text":146668},{"id":146784,"depth":93,"text":146785},{"id":146842,"depth":93,"text":146843},{"id":1536,"depth":70,"text":1537,"children":147892},[147893,147894,147895,147896],{"id":6848,"depth":93,"text":6849},{"id":146978,"depth":93,"text":146979},{"id":147126,"depth":93,"text":147127},{"id":147263,"depth":93,"text":147897},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147445,"depth":70,"text":147899,"children":147900},"sum() vs manual loop",[147901,147903],{"id":147456,"depth":93,"text":147902},"Using sum()",{"id":147510,"depth":93,"text":147511},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":147906},[147907,147909,147911,147913,147915],{"id":147775,"depth":93,"text":147908},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147783,"depth":93,"text":147910},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147798,"depth":93,"text":147912},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147807,"depth":93,"text":147914},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147819,"depth":93,"text":147916},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":146040,"description":147918},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147925,"title":147926,"body":147927,"description":149329,"extension":2312,"meta":149330,"navigation":958,"path":149331,"seo":149332,"stem":149333,"__hash__":149334},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147928,"toc":149297},[147929,147935,147941,147944,148007,148013,148018,148022,148039,148053,148057,148077,148091,148093,148186,148188,148202,148204,148207,148296,148298,148306,148315,148317,148321,148342,148344,148436,148438,148459,148461,148465,148479,148481,148555,148557,148576,148580,148583,148606,148608,148719,148726,148734,148736,148742,148745,148788,148791,148814,148822,148826,148901,148907,148932,148939,148942,148945,148949,148954,149042,149050,149054,149057,149082,149086,149147,149151,149200,149210,149212,149217,149220,149226,149229,149233,149237,149243,149246,149254,149262,149264,149294],[10,147930,147932,147933,11638],{"id":147931},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[18,147934,57347],{},[14,147936,147937,147940],{},[18,147938,147939],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[14,147942,147943],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[34,147945,147947],{"className":36,"code":147946,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[18,147948,147949,147977,147995],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,147950,147951,147953,147955,147957,147959,147961,147963,147965,147967,147969,147971,147973,147975],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,147952,3937],{"class":207},[43,147954,212],{"class":211},[43,147956,9552],{"class":53},[43,147958,797],{"class":63},[43,147960,800],{"class":53},[43,147962,803],{"class":63},[43,147964,800],{"class":53},[43,147966,803],{"class":63},[43,147968,800],{"class":53},[43,147970,808],{"class":63},[43,147972,800],{"class":53},[43,147974,803],{"class":63},[43,147976,227],{"class":53},[43,147978,147979,147981,147983,147985,147987,147989,147991,147993],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,147980,1282],{"class":207},[43,147982,212],{"class":211},[43,147984,4586],{"class":207},[43,147986,315],{"class":53},[43,147988,1291],{"class":236},[43,147990,54],{"class":53},[43,147992,447],{"class":63},[43,147994,227],{"class":53},[43,147996,147997,147999,148001,148003,148005],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,147998,50],{"class":49},[43,148000,54],{"class":53},[43,148002,1306],{"class":236},[43,148004,1221],{"class":53},[43,148006,50825],{"class":3984},[14,148008,133,148009,148012],{},[18,148010,148011],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[29,148014,3998,148016,4001],{"id":148015},"what-tuplecount-does",[18,148017,147939],{},[14,148019,148020,325],{},[18,148021,148011],{},[150,148023,148024,148030,148033,148036],{},[153,148025,148026,148027,148029],{},"Returns the number of times ",[18,148028,307],{}," appears in the tuple",[153,148031,148032],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[153,148034,148035],{},"Returns an integer",[153,148037,148038],{},"Does not change the tuple",[14,148040,148041,148042,148044,148045,2172,148049,315],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[18,148043,57347],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[189,148046,148048],{"href":148047},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[189,148050,148052],{"href":148051},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[29,148054,148056],{"id":148055},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[34,148058,148060],{"className":36,"code":148059,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[18,148061,148062],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,148063,148064,148067,148069,148071,148073,148075],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,148065,148066],{"class":207},"my_tuple",[43,148068,315],{"class":53},[43,148070,1291],{"class":236},[43,148072,54],{"class":53},[43,148074,307],{"class":236},[43,148076,227],{"class":53},[150,148078,148079,148083,148086],{},[153,148080,148081,57512],{},[18,148082,307],{},[153,148084,148085],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[153,148087,148088,148089],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[18,148090,2466],{},[402,148092,103167],{"id":103166},[34,148094,148096],{"className":36,"code":148095,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[18,148097,148098,148138,148162],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,148099,148100,148102,148104,148106,148108,148110,148112,148114,148116,148118,148120,148122,148124,148126,148128,148130,148132,148134,148136],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,148101,13396],{"class":207},[43,148103,212],{"class":211},[43,148105,9552],{"class":53},[43,148107,82],{"class":81},[43,148109,13413],{"class":85},[43,148111,82],{"class":81},[43,148113,800],{"class":53},[43,148115,932],{"class":81},[43,148117,13430],{"class":85},[43,148119,82],{"class":81},[43,148121,800],{"class":53},[43,148123,932],{"class":81},[43,148125,13413],{"class":85},[43,148127,82],{"class":81},[43,148129,800],{"class":53},[43,148131,932],{"class":81},[43,148133,17777],{"class":85},[43,148135,82],{"class":81},[43,148137,227],{"class":53},[43,148139,148140,148142,148144,148146,148148,148150,148152,148154,148156,148158,148160],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,148141,50],{"class":49},[43,148143,54],{"class":53},[43,148145,17824],{"class":236},[43,148147,315],{"class":53},[43,148149,1291],{"class":236},[43,148151,54],{"class":53},[43,148153,82],{"class":81},[43,148155,13413],{"class":85},[43,148157,82],{"class":81},[43,148159,5686],{"class":53},[43,148161,57702],{"class":3984},[43,148163,148164,148166,148168,148170,148172,148174,148176,148178,148180,148182,148184],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,148165,50],{"class":49},[43,148167,54],{"class":53},[43,148169,17824],{"class":236},[43,148171,315],{"class":53},[43,148173,1291],{"class":236},[43,148175,54],{"class":53},[43,148177,82],{"class":81},[43,148179,22847],{"class":85},[43,148181,82],{"class":81},[43,148183,5686],{"class":53},[43,148185,51302],{"class":3984},[14,148187,20280],{},[150,148189,148190,148195],{},[153,148191,148192,148194],{},[18,148193,65451],{}," appears 2 times",[153,148196,148197,148199,148200],{},[18,148198,109863],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[18,148201,2466],{},[29,148203,11792],{"id":11791},[14,148205,148206],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[34,148208,148210],{"className":36,"code":148209,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,148211,148212,148260,148264,148286],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,148213,148214,148216,148218,148220,148222,148224,148226,148228,148230,148232,148234,148236,148238,148240,148242,148244,148246,148248,148250,148252,148254,148256,148258],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,148215,36563],{"class":207},[43,148217,212],{"class":211},[43,148219,9552],{"class":53},[43,148221,82],{"class":81},[43,148223,4401],{"class":85},[43,148225,82],{"class":81},[43,148227,800],{"class":53},[43,148229,932],{"class":81},[43,148231,4410],{"class":85},[43,148233,82],{"class":81},[43,148235,800],{"class":53},[43,148237,932],{"class":81},[43,148239,4401],{"class":85},[43,148241,82],{"class":81},[43,148243,800],{"class":53},[43,148245,932],{"class":81},[43,148247,33543],{"class":85},[43,148249,82],{"class":81},[43,148251,800],{"class":53},[43,148253,932],{"class":81},[43,148255,4401],{"class":85},[43,148257,82],{"class":81},[43,148259,227],{"class":53},[43,148261,148262],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,148263,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,148265,148266,148268,148270,148272,148274,148276,148278,148280,148282,148284],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,148267,1282],{"class":207},[43,148269,212],{"class":211},[43,148271,52907],{"class":207},[43,148273,315],{"class":53},[43,148275,1291],{"class":236},[43,148277,54],{"class":53},[43,148279,82],{"class":81},[43,148281,4401],{"class":85},[43,148283,82],{"class":81},[43,148285,227],{"class":53},[43,148287,148288,148290,148292,148294],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,148289,50],{"class":49},[43,148291,54],{"class":53},[43,148293,1306],{"class":236},[43,148295,227],{"class":53},[14,148297,110],{},[34,148299,148300],{"className":36,"code":46670,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,148301,148302],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,148303,148304],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,148305,46670],{"class":63},[14,148307,148308,148310,148311,2733,148313,315],{},[18,148309,57890],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[18,148312,57347],{},[18,148314,2409],{},[29,148316,38346],{"id":38345},[14,148318,57601,148319,128802],{},[18,148320,57347],{},[150,148322,148323,148328,148333,148336],{},[153,148324,11740,148325,148327],{},[18,148326,2466],{}," when the value does not exist",[153,148329,11740,148330,148332],{},[18,148331,797],{}," when the value appears once",[153,148334,148335],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[153,148337,148338,148339,148341],{},"The result can be used in ",[18,148340,7323],{}," statements and other conditions",[14,148343,197],{},[34,148345,148347],{"className":36,"code":148346,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[18,148348,148349,148390,148394,148421],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,148350,148351,148354,148356,148358,148360,148362,148364,148366,148368,148370,148372,148374,148376,148378,148380,148382,148384,148386,148388],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,148352,148353],{"class":207},"answers ",[43,148355,212],{"class":211},[43,148357,9552],{"class":53},[43,148359,82],{"class":81},[43,148361,8976],{"class":85},[43,148363,82],{"class":81},[43,148365,800],{"class":53},[43,148367,932],{"class":81},[43,148369,8918],{"class":85},[43,148371,82],{"class":81},[43,148373,800],{"class":53},[43,148375,932],{"class":81},[43,148377,8976],{"class":85},[43,148379,82],{"class":81},[43,148381,800],{"class":53},[43,148383,932],{"class":81},[43,148385,8976],{"class":85},[43,148387,82],{"class":81},[43,148389,227],{"class":53},[43,148391,148392],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,148393,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,148395,148396,148398,148401,148403,148405,148407,148409,148411,148413,148415,148417,148419],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,148397,7323],{"class":1927},[43,148399,148400],{"class":207}," answers",[43,148402,315],{"class":53},[43,148404,1291],{"class":236},[43,148406,54],{"class":53},[43,148408,82],{"class":81},[43,148410,8976],{"class":85},[43,148412,82],{"class":81},[43,148414,1221],{"class":53},[43,148416,38722],{"class":211},[43,148418,5823],{"class":63},[43,148420,1931],{"class":53},[43,148422,148423,148425,148427,148429,148432,148434],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,148424,1951],{"class":49},[43,148426,54],{"class":53},[43,148428,82],{"class":81},[43,148430,148431],{"class":85},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[43,148433,82],{"class":81},[43,148435,227],{"class":53},[14,148437,110],{},[34,148439,148441],{"className":36,"code":148440,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[18,148442,148443],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,148444,148445,148448,148450,148452,148454,148457],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,148446,148447],{"class":207},"The answer ",[43,148449,283],{"class":81},[43,148451,8976],{"class":85},[43,148453,283],{"class":81},[43,148455,148456],{"class":207}," appears more than once",[43,148458,122446],{"class":53},[29,148460,1063],{"id":1062},[14,148462,35728,148463,104630],{},[18,148464,147939],{},[150,148466,148467,148470,148473,148476],{},[153,148468,148469],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[153,148471,148472],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[153,148474,148475],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[153,148477,148478],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[14,148480,197],{},[34,148482,148484],{"className":36,"code":148483,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[18,148485,148486,148514,148518,148540],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,148487,148488,148490,148492,148494,148496,148498,148500,148502,148504,148506,148508,148510,148512],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,148489,5387],{"class":207},[43,148491,212],{"class":211},[43,148493,9552],{"class":53},[43,148495,512],{"class":63},[43,148497,800],{"class":53},[43,148499,8115],{"class":63},[43,148501,800],{"class":53},[43,148503,6331],{"class":63},[43,148505,800],{"class":53},[43,148507,8120],{"class":63},[43,148509,800],{"class":53},[43,148511,6331],{"class":63},[43,148513,227],{"class":53},[43,148515,148516],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,148517,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,148519,148520,148522,148524,148526,148528,148530,148532,148534,148536,148538],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,148521,7323],{"class":1927},[43,148523,5434],{"class":207},[43,148525,315],{"class":53},[43,148527,1291],{"class":236},[43,148529,54],{"class":53},[43,148531,512],{"class":63},[43,148533,1221],{"class":53},[43,148535,51343],{"class":211},[43,148537,803],{"class":63},[43,148539,1931],{"class":53},[43,148541,148542,148544,148546,148548,148551,148553],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,148543,1951],{"class":49},[43,148545,54],{"class":53},[43,148547,82],{"class":81},[43,148549,148550],{"class":85},"The score 10 is repeated.",[43,148552,82],{"class":81},[43,148554,227],{"class":53},[14,148556,110],{},[34,148558,148560],{"className":36,"code":148559,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[18,148561,148562],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,148563,148564,148567,148569,148571,148574],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,148565,148566],{"class":207},"The score ",[43,148568,512],{"class":63},[43,148570,8421],{"class":211},[43,148572,148573],{"class":207}," repeated",[43,148575,122446],{"class":53},[29,148577,148579],{"id":148578},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[14,148581,148582],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[150,148584,148585,148591,148596,148599],{},[153,148586,148587,148588,148590],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[18,148589,57347],{}," still works because it only reads data",[153,148592,148593,148595],{},[18,148594,57347],{}," counts exact matches",[153,148597,148598],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[153,148600,148601,895,148603,148605],{},[18,148602,797],{},[18,148604,2221],{}," compare as equal in Python",[14,148607,197],{},[34,148609,148611],{"className":36,"code":148610,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[18,148612,148613,148647,148651,148671,148695],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,148614,148615,148617,148619,148621,148623,148625,148628,148630,148632,148635,148637,148639,148641,148643,148645],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,148616,4144],{"class":207},[43,148618,212],{"class":211},[43,148620,9552],{"class":53},[43,148622,797],{"class":63},[43,148624,800],{"class":53},[43,148626,148627],{"class":63}," 1.0",[43,148629,800],{"class":53},[43,148631,932],{"class":81},[43,148633,148634],{"class":85},"Cat",[43,148636,82],{"class":81},[43,148638,800],{"class":53},[43,148640,932],{"class":81},[43,148642,37372],{"class":85},[43,148644,82],{"class":81},[43,148646,227],{"class":53},[43,148648,148649],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,148650,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,148652,148653,148655,148657,148659,148661,148663,148665,148667,148669],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,148654,50],{"class":49},[43,148656,54],{"class":53},[43,148658,5683],{"class":236},[43,148660,315],{"class":53},[43,148662,1291],{"class":236},[43,148664,54],{"class":53},[43,148666,797],{"class":63},[43,148668,5686],{"class":53},[43,148670,51149],{"class":3984},[43,148672,148673,148675,148677,148679,148681,148683,148685,148687,148689,148691,148693],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,148674,50],{"class":49},[43,148676,54],{"class":53},[43,148678,5683],{"class":236},[43,148680,315],{"class":53},[43,148682,1291],{"class":236},[43,148684,54],{"class":53},[43,148686,82],{"class":81},[43,148688,148634],{"class":85},[43,148690,82],{"class":81},[43,148692,5686],{"class":53},[43,148694,28104],{"class":3984},[43,148696,148697,148699,148701,148703,148705,148707,148709,148711,148713,148715,148717],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,148698,50],{"class":49},[43,148700,54],{"class":53},[43,148702,5683],{"class":236},[43,148704,315],{"class":53},[43,148706,1291],{"class":236},[43,148708,54],{"class":53},[43,148710,82],{"class":81},[43,148712,37372],{"class":85},[43,148714,82],{"class":81},[43,148716,5686],{"class":53},[43,148718,28104],{"class":3984},[14,148720,5481,148721,5484,148724,2822],{},[18,148722,148723],{},"values.count(1)",[18,148725,447],{},[14,148727,9104,148728,5106,148731,148733],{},[18,148729,148730],{},"1 == 1.0",[18,148732,105],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[29,148735,3160],{"id":3159},[402,148737,8738,148739,148741],{"id":148738},"using-count-without-parentheses",[18,148740,1291],{}," without parentheses",[14,148743,148744],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[34,148746,148748],{"className":36,"code":148747,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[18,148749,148750,148774],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,148751,148752,148754,148756,148758,148760,148762,148764,148766,148768,148770,148772],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,148753,3937],{"class":207},[43,148755,212],{"class":211},[43,148757,9552],{"class":53},[43,148759,797],{"class":63},[43,148761,800],{"class":53},[43,148763,803],{"class":63},[43,148765,800],{"class":53},[43,148767,803],{"class":63},[43,148769,800],{"class":53},[43,148771,808],{"class":63},[43,148773,227],{"class":53},[43,148775,148776,148778,148780,148782,148784,148786],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,148777,50],{"class":49},[43,148779,54],{"class":53},[43,148781,3969],{"class":236},[43,148783,315],{"class":53},[43,148785,1291],{"class":25074},[43,148787,227],{"class":53},[14,148789,148790],{},"To call the method correctly:",[34,148792,148794],{"className":36,"code":148793,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[18,148795,148796],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,148797,148798,148800,148802,148804,148806,148808,148810,148812],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,148799,50],{"class":49},[43,148801,54],{"class":53},[43,148803,3969],{"class":236},[43,148805,315],{"class":53},[43,148807,1291],{"class":236},[43,148809,54],{"class":53},[43,148811,447],{"class":63},[43,148813,67],{"class":53},[402,148815,8773,148816,8776,148818,2172,148820],{"id":58650},[18,148817,57347],{},[18,148819,105],{},[18,148821,613],{},[14,148823,148824,58661],{},[18,148825,57347],{},[34,148827,148829],{"className":36,"code":148828,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[18,148830,148831,148863,148885,148889],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,148832,148833,148835,148837,148839,148841,148843,148845,148847,148849,148851,148853,148855,148857,148859,148861],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,148834,36414],{"class":207},[43,148836,212],{"class":211},[43,148838,9552],{"class":53},[43,148840,82],{"class":81},[43,148842,189],{"class":85},[43,148844,82],{"class":81},[43,148846,800],{"class":53},[43,148848,932],{"class":81},[43,148850,1231],{"class":85},[43,148852,82],{"class":81},[43,148854,800],{"class":53},[43,148856,932],{"class":81},[43,148858,189],{"class":85},[43,148860,82],{"class":81},[43,148862,227],{"class":53},[43,148864,148865,148867,148869,148871,148873,148875,148877,148879,148881,148883],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,148866,1282],{"class":207},[43,148868,212],{"class":211},[43,148870,70155],{"class":207},[43,148872,315],{"class":53},[43,148874,1291],{"class":236},[43,148876,54],{"class":53},[43,148878,82],{"class":81},[43,148880,189],{"class":85},[43,148882,82],{"class":81},[43,148884,227],{"class":53},[43,148886,148887],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,148888,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,148890,148891,148893,148895,148897,148899],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,148892,50],{"class":49},[43,148894,54],{"class":53},[43,148896,1306],{"class":236},[43,148898,1221],{"class":53},[43,148900,51470],{"class":3984},[14,148902,148903,148904,148906],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[18,148905,4203],{}," is often simpler:",[34,148908,148910],{"className":36,"code":148909,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[18,148911,148912],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,148913,148914,148916,148918,148920,148922,148924,148926,148928,148930],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,148915,50],{"class":49},[43,148917,54],{"class":53},[43,148919,82],{"class":81},[43,148921,189],{"class":85},[43,148923,82],{"class":81},[43,148925,21497],{"class":1927},[43,148927,70155],{"class":236},[43,148929,1221],{"class":53},[43,148931,3985],{"class":3984},[402,148933,37529,148935,9023,148937],{"id":148934},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[18,148936,147939],{},[18,148938,57352],{},[14,148940,148941],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[14,148943,148944],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[402,148946,148948],{"id":148947},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[14,148950,148951,148953],{},[18,148952,57347],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[34,148955,148957],{"className":36,"code":148956,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[18,148958,148959,148992,149018],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,148960,148961,148963,148965,148967,148969,148971,148973,148975,148977,148980,148982,148984,148986,148988,148990],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,148962,4392],{"class":207},[43,148964,212],{"class":211},[43,148966,9552],{"class":53},[43,148968,82],{"class":81},[43,148970,4401],{"class":85},[43,148972,82],{"class":81},[43,148974,800],{"class":53},[43,148976,932],{"class":81},[43,148978,148979],{"class":85},"pineapple",[43,148981,82],{"class":81},[43,148983,800],{"class":53},[43,148985,932],{"class":81},[43,148987,4401],{"class":85},[43,148989,82],{"class":81},[43,148991,227],{"class":53},[43,148993,148994,148996,148998,149000,149002,149004,149006,149008,149011,149013,149015],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,148995,50],{"class":49},[43,148997,54],{"class":53},[43,148999,4436],{"class":236},[43,149001,315],{"class":53},[43,149003,1291],{"class":236},[43,149005,54],{"class":53},[43,149007,82],{"class":81},[43,149009,149010],{"class":85},"app",[43,149012,82],{"class":81},[43,149014,5686],{"class":53},[43,149016,149017],{"class":3984},"    # 0\n",[43,149019,149020,149022,149024,149026,149028,149030,149032,149034,149036,149038,149040],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,149021,50],{"class":49},[43,149023,54],{"class":53},[43,149025,4436],{"class":236},[43,149027,315],{"class":53},[43,149029,1291],{"class":236},[43,149031,54],{"class":53},[43,149033,82],{"class":81},[43,149035,4401],{"class":85},[43,149037,82],{"class":81},[43,149039,5686],{"class":53},[43,149041,51470],{"class":3984},[14,149043,149044,149047,149048,315],{},[18,149045,149046],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[18,149049,2466],{},[29,149051,149053],{"id":149052},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[14,149055,149056],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[150,149058,149059,149064,149073,149079],{},[153,149060,133,149061,149063],{},[18,149062,4203],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[153,149065,133,149066,149072],{},[189,149067,149069,149070],{"href":149068},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[18,149071,59025],{}," to find the position of a value",[153,149074,133,149075,149078],{},[18,149076,149077],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[153,149080,149081],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[14,149083,46093,149084,325],{},[18,149085,4203],{},[34,149087,149089],{"className":36,"code":149088,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[18,149090,149091,149111,149115,149131],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,149092,149093,149095,149097,149099,149101,149103,149105,149107,149109],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,149094,3937],{"class":207},[43,149096,212],{"class":211},[43,149098,9552],{"class":53},[43,149100,2835],{"class":63},[43,149102,800],{"class":53},[43,149104,6320],{"class":63},[43,149106,800],{"class":53},[43,149108,54192],{"class":63},[43,149110,227],{"class":53},[43,149112,149113],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,149114,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,149116,149117,149119,149121,149123,149125,149127,149129],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,149118,50],{"class":49},[43,149120,54],{"class":53},[43,149122,2372],{"class":63},[43,149124,21497],{"class":1927},[43,149126,4586],{"class":236},[43,149128,1221],{"class":53},[43,149130,43907],{"class":3984},[43,149132,149133,149135,149137,149139,149141,149143,149145],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,149134,50],{"class":49},[43,149136,54],{"class":53},[43,149138,64],{"class":63},[43,149140,21497],{"class":1927},[43,149142,4586],{"class":236},[43,149144,1221],{"class":53},[43,149146,43924],{"class":3984},[14,149148,46093,149149,325],{},[18,149150,59025],{},[34,149152,149154],{"className":36,"code":149153,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[18,149155,149156,149180],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,149157,149158,149160,149162,149164,149166,149168,149170,149172,149174,149176,149178],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,149159,3937],{"class":207},[43,149161,212],{"class":211},[43,149163,9552],{"class":53},[43,149165,2835],{"class":63},[43,149167,800],{"class":53},[43,149169,6320],{"class":63},[43,149171,800],{"class":53},[43,149173,54192],{"class":63},[43,149175,800],{"class":53},[43,149177,6320],{"class":63},[43,149179,227],{"class":53},[43,149181,149182,149184,149186,149188,149190,149192,149194,149196,149198],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,149183,50],{"class":49},[43,149185,54],{"class":53},[43,149187,3969],{"class":236},[43,149189,315],{"class":53},[43,149191,36169],{"class":236},[43,149193,54],{"class":53},[43,149195,2372],{"class":63},[43,149197,5686],{"class":53},[43,149199,28104],{"class":3984},[14,149201,149202,149204,149205,149207,149209],{},[18,149203,57347],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10162,149206],{},[18,149208,59025],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[29,149211,2162],{"id":2161},[402,149213,5466,149215,5469],{"id":149214},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[18,149216,147939],{},[14,149218,149219],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[402,149221,13023,149223,149225],{"id":149222},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[18,149224,147939],{}," change the tuple?",[14,149227,149228],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[402,149230,149232],{"id":149231},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[14,149234,12229,149235,315],{},[18,149236,2466],{},[402,149238,5493,149240,149242],{"id":149239},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[18,149241,147939],{}," count strings?",[14,149244,149245],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[402,149247,5503,149249,895,149251,2822],{"id":149248},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[18,149250,147939],{},[18,149252,149253],{},"tuple.index()",[14,149255,149256,149258,149259,149261],{},[18,149257,57347],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[18,149260,59025],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[29,149263,2229],{"id":2228},[150,149265,149266,149270,149275,149282,149290],{},[153,149267,149268],{},[189,149269,148048],{"href":148047},[153,149271,149272],{},[189,149273,149274],{"href":148051},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[153,149276,149277],{},[189,149278,149279,149280,11055],{"href":149068},"Python tuple ",[18,149281,59025],{},[153,149283,149284],{},[189,149285,149287,149288],{"href":149286},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[18,149289,42412],{},[153,149291,149292],{},[189,149293,59013],{"href":59012},[2262,149295,149296],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":149298},[149299,149301,149304,149305,149306,149307,149308,149316,149317,149328],{"id":148015,"depth":70,"text":149300},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":148055,"depth":70,"text":148056,"children":149302},[149303],{"id":103166,"depth":93,"text":103167},{"id":11791,"depth":70,"text":11792},{"id":38345,"depth":70,"text":38346},{"id":1062,"depth":70,"text":1063},{"id":148578,"depth":70,"text":148579},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160,"children":149309},[149310,149312,149313,149315],{"id":148738,"depth":93,"text":149311},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58650,"depth":93,"text":59066},{"id":148934,"depth":93,"text":149314},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148947,"depth":93,"text":148948},{"id":149052,"depth":70,"text":149053},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":149318},[149319,149321,149323,149324,149326],{"id":149214,"depth":93,"text":149320},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149222,"depth":93,"text":149322},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149231,"depth":93,"text":149232},{"id":149239,"depth":93,"text":149325},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149248,"depth":93,"text":149327},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147926,"description":149329},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149336,"title":149337,"body":149338,"description":151025,"extension":2312,"meta":151026,"navigation":958,"path":151027,"seo":151028,"stem":151029,"__hash__":151030},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149339,"toc":150988},[149340,149343,149346,149355,149357,149487,149489,149550,149556,149558,149578,149582,149585,149588,149623,149625,149646,149649,149688,149690,149715,149722,149726,149729,149766,149768,149791,149794,149797,149809,149815,149819,149822,149828,149869,149871,149894,149897,149938,149940,149967,149969,149986,149988,150005,150008,150012,150015,150017,150051,150053,150100,150104,150143,150147,150150,150207,150209,150250,150256,150262,150267,150269,150306,150308,150328,150330,150363,150365,150398,150401,150405,150438,150440,150465,150468,150470,150484,150491,150493,150496,150500,150503,150538,150541,150576,150580,150583,150622,150625,150664,150668,150670,150700,150703,150710,150712,150744,150747,150779,150782,150813,150815,150832,150836,150839,150903,150905,150909,150916,150920,150923,150927,150930,150934,150937,150942,150948,150950,150985],[10,149341,149337],{"id":149342},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[14,149344,149345],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[14,149347,149348,149349,2172,149353,315],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[189,149350,149352],{"href":149351},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[189,149354,148048],{"href":148047},[29,149356,32],{"id":31},[34,149358,149360],{"className":36,"code":149359,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[18,149361,149362,149382,149391,149405,149441,149445,149455,149465,149476],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,149363,149364,149366,149368,149370,149372,149374,149376,149378,149380],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,149365,3937],{"class":207},[43,149367,212],{"class":211},[43,149369,9552],{"class":53},[43,149371,797],{"class":63},[43,149373,800],{"class":53},[43,149375,803],{"class":63},[43,149377,800],{"class":53},[43,149379,808],{"class":63},[43,149381,227],{"class":53},[43,149383,149384,149386,149388],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,149385,124912],{"class":207},[43,149387,212],{"class":211},[43,149389,149390],{"class":53}," ()\n",[43,149392,149393,149396,149398,149400,149402],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,149394,149395],{"class":207},"one_item ",[43,149397,212],{"class":211},[43,149399,9552],{"class":53},[43,149401,64],{"class":63},[43,149403,149404],{"class":53},",)\n",[43,149406,149407,149410,149412,149415,149417,149419,149421,149423,149425,149427,149429,149431,149433,149435,149437,149439],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,149408,149409],{"class":207},"from_list ",[43,149411,212],{"class":211},[43,149413,149414],{"class":57}," tuple",[43,149416,794],{"class":53},[43,149418,82],{"class":81},[43,149420,189],{"class":85},[43,149422,82],{"class":81},[43,149424,800],{"class":53},[43,149426,932],{"class":81},[43,149428,1231],{"class":85},[43,149430,82],{"class":81},[43,149432,800],{"class":53},[43,149434,932],{"class":81},[43,149436,10055],{"class":85},[43,149438,82],{"class":81},[43,149440,4209],{"class":53},[43,149442,149443],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,149444,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,149446,149447,149449,149451,149453],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,149448,50],{"class":49},[43,149450,54],{"class":53},[43,149452,3969],{"class":236},[43,149454,227],{"class":53},[43,149456,149457,149459,149461,149463],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,149458,50],{"class":49},[43,149460,54],{"class":53},[43,149462,124963],{"class":236},[43,149464,227],{"class":53},[43,149466,149467,149469,149471,149474],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,149468,50],{"class":49},[43,149470,54],{"class":53},[43,149472,149473],{"class":236},"one_item",[43,149475,227],{"class":53},[43,149477,149478,149480,149482,149485],{"class":45,"line":6756},[43,149479,50],{"class":49},[43,149481,54],{"class":53},[43,149483,149484],{"class":236},"from_list",[43,149486,227],{"class":53},[14,149488,110],{},[34,149490,149492],{"className":36,"code":149491,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[18,149493,149494,149510,149514,149522],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,149495,149496,149498,149500,149502,149504,149506,149508],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,149497,54],{"class":53},[43,149499,797],{"class":63},[43,149501,800],{"class":53},[43,149503,803],{"class":63},[43,149505,800],{"class":53},[43,149507,808],{"class":63},[43,149509,227],{"class":53},[43,149511,149512],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,149513,1728],{"class":53},[43,149515,149516,149518,149520],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,149517,54],{"class":53},[43,149519,64],{"class":63},[43,149521,149404],{"class":53},[43,149523,149524,149526,149528,149530,149532,149534,149536,149538,149540,149542,149544,149546,149548],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,149525,54],{"class":53},[43,149527,283],{"class":81},[43,149529,189],{"class":85},[43,149531,283],{"class":81},[43,149533,800],{"class":53},[43,149535,278],{"class":81},[43,149537,1231],{"class":85},[43,149539,283],{"class":81},[43,149541,800],{"class":53},[43,149543,278],{"class":81},[43,149545,10055],{"class":85},[43,149547,283],{"class":81},[43,149549,227],{"class":53},[14,149551,149552,149553,315],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[18,149554,149555],{},"(5,)",[29,149557,15485],{"id":15484},[150,149559,149560,149563,149566,149569,149572,149575],{},[153,149561,149562],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[153,149564,149565],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[153,149567,149568],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[153,149570,149571],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[153,149573,149574],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[153,149576,149577],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[29,149579,149581],{"id":149580},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[14,149583,149584],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[14,149586,149587],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[34,149589,149591],{"className":36,"code":149590,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,149592,149593,149613],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,149594,149595,149597,149599,149601,149603,149605,149607,149609,149611],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,149596,3937],{"class":207},[43,149598,212],{"class":211},[43,149600,9552],{"class":53},[43,149602,797],{"class":63},[43,149604,800],{"class":53},[43,149606,803],{"class":63},[43,149608,800],{"class":53},[43,149610,808],{"class":63},[43,149612,227],{"class":53},[43,149614,149615,149617,149619,149621],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,149616,50],{"class":49},[43,149618,54],{"class":53},[43,149620,3969],{"class":236},[43,149622,227],{"class":53},[14,149624,110],{},[34,149626,149628],{"className":36,"code":149627,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[18,149629,149630],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,149631,149632,149634,149636,149638,149640,149642,149644],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,149633,54],{"class":53},[43,149635,797],{"class":63},[43,149637,800],{"class":53},[43,149639,803],{"class":63},[43,149641,800],{"class":53},[43,149643,808],{"class":63},[43,149645,227],{"class":53},[14,149647,149648],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[34,149650,149652],{"className":36,"code":149651,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[18,149653,149654,149678],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,149655,149656,149658,149660,149662,149664,149666,149668,149670,149672,149674,149676],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,149657,9481],{"class":207},[43,149659,212],{"class":211},[43,149661,9552],{"class":53},[43,149663,797],{"class":63},[43,149665,800],{"class":53},[43,149667,932],{"class":81},[43,149669,4401],{"class":85},[43,149671,82],{"class":81},[43,149673,800],{"class":53},[43,149675,4237],{"class":104},[43,149677,227],{"class":53},[43,149679,149680,149682,149684,149686],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,149681,50],{"class":49},[43,149683,54],{"class":53},[43,149685,9520],{"class":236},[43,149687,227],{"class":53},[14,149689,110],{},[34,149691,149693],{"className":36,"code":149692,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[18,149694,149695],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,149696,149697,149699,149701,149703,149705,149707,149709,149711,149713],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,149698,54],{"class":53},[43,149700,797],{"class":63},[43,149702,800],{"class":53},[43,149704,278],{"class":81},[43,149706,4401],{"class":85},[43,149708,283],{"class":81},[43,149710,800],{"class":53},[43,149712,4237],{"class":104},[43,149714,227],{"class":53},[14,149716,149717,149718,315],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[189,149719,149721],{"href":149720},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[29,149723,149725],{"id":149724},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[14,149727,149728],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[34,149730,149732],{"className":36,"code":149731,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[18,149733,149734,149742,149752],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,149735,149736,149738,149740],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,149737,124912],{"class":207},[43,149739,212],{"class":211},[43,149741,149390],{"class":53},[43,149743,149744,149746,149748,149750],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,149745,50],{"class":49},[43,149747,54],{"class":53},[43,149749,124963],{"class":236},[43,149751,227],{"class":53},[43,149753,149754,149756,149758,149760,149762,149764],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,149755,50],{"class":49},[43,149757,54],{"class":53},[43,149759,248],{"class":57},[43,149761,54],{"class":53},[43,149763,124963],{"class":236},[43,149765,67],{"class":53},[14,149767,110],{},[34,149769,149771],{"className":36,"code":149770,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,149772,149773,149777],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,149774,149775],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,149776,1728],{"class":53},[43,149778,149779,149781,149783,149785,149787,149789],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,149780,271],{"class":211},[43,149782,275],{"class":274},[43,149784,278],{"class":81},[43,149786,49007],{"class":85},[43,149788,283],{"class":81},[43,149790,286],{"class":211},[14,149792,149793],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[14,149795,149796],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[150,149798,149799,149804],{},[153,149800,149801,149802],{},"Empty tuple: ",[18,149803,830],{},[153,149805,149806,149807],{},"Empty list: ",[18,149808,4108],{},[14,149810,149811,149812,315],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[189,149813,149814],{"href":57210},"Python list: creating a list",[29,149816,149818],{"id":149817},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[14,149820,149821],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[14,149823,149824,149825,149827],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[913,149826,734],{}," automatically a tuple:",[34,149829,149831],{"className":36,"code":149830,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,149832,149833,149845,149855],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,149834,149835,149837,149839,149841,149843],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,149836,1589],{"class":207},[43,149838,212],{"class":211},[43,149840,9552],{"class":53},[43,149842,64],{"class":63},[43,149844,227],{"class":53},[43,149846,149847,149849,149851,149853],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,149848,50],{"class":49},[43,149850,54],{"class":53},[43,149852,307],{"class":236},[43,149854,227],{"class":53},[43,149856,149857,149859,149861,149863,149865,149867],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,149858,50],{"class":49},[43,149860,54],{"class":53},[43,149862,248],{"class":57},[43,149864,54],{"class":53},[43,149866,307],{"class":236},[43,149868,67],{"class":53},[14,149870,110],{},[34,149872,149874],{"className":36,"code":149873,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,149875,149876,149880],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,149877,149878],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,149879,3274],{"class":63},[43,149881,149882,149884,149886,149888,149890,149892],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,149883,271],{"class":211},[43,149885,275],{"class":274},[43,149887,278],{"class":81},[43,149889,2069],{"class":85},[43,149891,283],{"class":81},[43,149893,286],{"class":211},[14,149895,149896],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[34,149898,149900],{"className":36,"code":149899,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[18,149901,149902,149914,149924],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,149903,149904,149906,149908,149910,149912],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,149905,149395],{"class":207},[43,149907,212],{"class":211},[43,149909,9552],{"class":53},[43,149911,64],{"class":63},[43,149913,149404],{"class":53},[43,149915,149916,149918,149920,149922],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,149917,50],{"class":49},[43,149919,54],{"class":53},[43,149921,149473],{"class":236},[43,149923,227],{"class":53},[43,149925,149926,149928,149930,149932,149934,149936],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,149927,50],{"class":49},[43,149929,54],{"class":53},[43,149931,248],{"class":57},[43,149933,54],{"class":53},[43,149935,149473],{"class":236},[43,149937,67],{"class":53},[14,149939,110],{},[34,149941,149943],{"className":36,"code":149942,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,149944,149945,149953],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,149946,149947,149949,149951],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,149948,54],{"class":53},[43,149950,64],{"class":63},[43,149952,149404],{"class":53},[43,149954,149955,149957,149959,149961,149963,149965],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,149956,271],{"class":211},[43,149958,275],{"class":274},[43,149960,278],{"class":81},[43,149962,49007],{"class":85},[43,149964,283],{"class":81},[43,149966,286],{"class":211},[14,149968,16978],{},[34,149970,149972],{"className":36,"code":149971,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(\"apple\",)\n",[18,149973,149974],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,149975,149976,149978,149980,149982,149984],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,149977,54],{"class":53},[43,149979,82],{"class":81},[43,149981,4401],{"class":85},[43,149983,82],{"class":81},[43,149985,149404],{"class":53},[14,149987,16966],{},[34,149989,149991],{"className":36,"code":149990,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(\"apple\")\n",[18,149992,149993],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,149994,149995,149997,149999,150001,150003],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,149996,54],{"class":53},[43,149998,82],{"class":81},[43,150000,4401],{"class":85},[43,150002,82],{"class":81},[43,150004,227],{"class":53},[14,150006,150007],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[29,150009,150011],{"id":150010},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[14,150013,150014],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[402,150016,56518],{"id":3969},[34,150018,150019],{"className":36,"code":149590,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,150020,150021,150041],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150022,150023,150025,150027,150029,150031,150033,150035,150037,150039],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150024,3937],{"class":207},[43,150026,212],{"class":211},[43,150028,9552],{"class":53},[43,150030,797],{"class":63},[43,150032,800],{"class":53},[43,150034,803],{"class":63},[43,150036,800],{"class":53},[43,150038,808],{"class":63},[43,150040,227],{"class":53},[43,150042,150043,150045,150047,150049],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,150044,50],{"class":49},[43,150046,54],{"class":53},[43,150048,3969],{"class":236},[43,150050,227],{"class":53},[402,150052,56521],{"id":5633},[34,150054,150056],{"className":36,"code":150055,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,150057,150058,150090],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150059,150060,150062,150064,150066,150068,150070,150072,150074,150076,150078,150080,150082,150084,150086,150088],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150061,13396],{"class":207},[43,150063,212],{"class":211},[43,150065,9552],{"class":53},[43,150067,82],{"class":81},[43,150069,13413],{"class":85},[43,150071,82],{"class":81},[43,150073,800],{"class":53},[43,150075,932],{"class":81},[43,150077,17777],{"class":85},[43,150079,82],{"class":81},[43,150081,800],{"class":53},[43,150083,932],{"class":81},[43,150085,13430],{"class":85},[43,150087,82],{"class":81},[43,150089,227],{"class":53},[43,150091,150092,150094,150096,150098],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,150093,50],{"class":49},[43,150095,54],{"class":53},[43,150097,17824],{"class":236},[43,150099,227],{"class":53},[402,150101,150103],{"id":150102},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[34,150105,150107],{"className":36,"code":150106,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[18,150108,150109,150133],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150110,150111,150113,150115,150117,150119,150121,150123,150125,150127,150129,150131],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150112,59530],{"class":207},[43,150114,212],{"class":211},[43,150116,9552],{"class":53},[43,150118,797],{"class":63},[43,150120,800],{"class":53},[43,150122,932],{"class":81},[43,150124,4401],{"class":85},[43,150126,82],{"class":81},[43,150128,800],{"class":53},[43,150130,4237],{"class":104},[43,150132,227],{"class":53},[43,150134,150135,150137,150139,150141],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,150136,50],{"class":49},[43,150138,54],{"class":53},[43,150140,59583],{"class":236},[43,150142,227],{"class":53},[402,150144,150146],{"id":150145},"nested-values","Nested values",[14,150148,150149],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[34,150151,150153],{"className":36,"code":150152,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[18,150154,150155,150196],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150156,150157,150160,150162,150164,150166,150168,150170,150172,150174,150176,150178,150180,150182,150184,150186,150188,150190,150192,150194],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150158,150159],{"class":207},"nested ",[43,150161,212],{"class":211},[43,150163,9552],{"class":53},[43,150165,797],{"class":63},[43,150167,800],{"class":53},[43,150169,9552],{"class":53},[43,150171,82],{"class":81},[43,150173,189],{"class":85},[43,150175,82],{"class":81},[43,150177,800],{"class":53},[43,150179,932],{"class":81},[43,150181,1231],{"class":85},[43,150183,82],{"class":81},[43,150185,9549],{"class":53},[43,150187,3942],{"class":53},[43,150189,512],{"class":63},[43,150191,800],{"class":53},[43,150193,8115],{"class":63},[43,150195,4209],{"class":53},[43,150197,150198,150200,150202,150205],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,150199,50],{"class":49},[43,150201,54],{"class":53},[43,150203,150204],{"class":236},"nested",[43,150206,227],{"class":53},[14,150208,110],{},[34,150210,150212],{"className":36,"code":150211,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[18,150213,150214],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150215,150216,150218,150220,150222,150224,150226,150228,150230,150232,150234,150236,150238,150240,150242,150244,150246,150248],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150217,54],{"class":53},[43,150219,797],{"class":63},[43,150221,800],{"class":53},[43,150223,9552],{"class":53},[43,150225,283],{"class":81},[43,150227,189],{"class":85},[43,150229,283],{"class":81},[43,150231,800],{"class":53},[43,150233,278],{"class":81},[43,150235,1231],{"class":85},[43,150237,283],{"class":81},[43,150239,9549],{"class":53},[43,150241,3942],{"class":53},[43,150243,512],{"class":63},[43,150245,800],{"class":53},[43,150247,8115],{"class":63},[43,150249,4209],{"class":53},[29,150251,150253,150254],{"id":150252},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[18,150255,38372],{},[14,150257,150258,150259,150261],{},"You can use the built-in ",[18,150260,38372],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[14,150263,150264,150265,315],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[189,150266,63276],{"href":63275},[402,150268,105307],{"id":105306},[34,150270,150272],{"className":36,"code":150271,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,150273,150274,150296],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150275,150276,150278,150280,150282,150284,150286,150288,150290,150292,150294],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150277,3937],{"class":207},[43,150279,212],{"class":211},[43,150281,149414],{"class":57},[43,150283,794],{"class":53},[43,150285,797],{"class":63},[43,150287,800],{"class":53},[43,150289,803],{"class":63},[43,150291,800],{"class":53},[43,150293,808],{"class":63},[43,150295,4209],{"class":53},[43,150297,150298,150300,150302,150304],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,150299,50],{"class":49},[43,150301,54],{"class":53},[43,150303,3969],{"class":236},[43,150305,227],{"class":53},[14,150307,110],{},[34,150309,150310],{"className":36,"code":149627,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,150311,150312],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150313,150314,150316,150318,150320,150322,150324,150326],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150315,54],{"class":53},[43,150317,797],{"class":63},[43,150319,800],{"class":53},[43,150321,803],{"class":63},[43,150323,800],{"class":53},[43,150325,808],{"class":63},[43,150327,227],{"class":53},[402,150329,105493],{"id":105492},[34,150331,150333],{"className":36,"code":150332,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,150334,150335,150353],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150336,150337,150339,150341,150343,150345,150347,150349,150351],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150338,36414],{"class":207},[43,150340,212],{"class":211},[43,150342,149414],{"class":57},[43,150344,54],{"class":53},[43,150346,82],{"class":81},[43,150348,1596],{"class":85},[43,150350,82],{"class":81},[43,150352,227],{"class":53},[43,150354,150355,150357,150359,150361],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,150356,50],{"class":49},[43,150358,54],{"class":53},[43,150360,36467],{"class":236},[43,150362,227],{"class":53},[14,150364,110],{},[34,150366,150368],{"className":36,"code":150367,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[18,150369,150370],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150371,150372,150374,150376,150378,150380,150382,150384,150386,150388,150390,150392,150394,150396],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150373,54],{"class":53},[43,150375,283],{"class":81},[43,150377,189],{"class":85},[43,150379,283],{"class":81},[43,150381,800],{"class":53},[43,150383,278],{"class":81},[43,150385,1231],{"class":85},[43,150387,283],{"class":81},[43,150389,800],{"class":53},[43,150391,278],{"class":81},[43,150393,10055],{"class":85},[43,150395,283],{"class":81},[43,150397,227],{"class":53},[14,150399,150400],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[402,150402,150404],{"id":150403},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[34,150406,150408],{"className":36,"code":150407,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[18,150409,150410,150428],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150411,150412,150414,150416,150418,150420,150422,150424,150426],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150413,4144],{"class":207},[43,150415,212],{"class":211},[43,150417,149414],{"class":57},[43,150419,54],{"class":53},[43,150421,60056],{"class":49},[43,150423,54],{"class":53},[43,150425,2835],{"class":63},[43,150427,67],{"class":53},[43,150429,150430,150432,150434,150436],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,150431,50],{"class":49},[43,150433,54],{"class":53},[43,150435,5683],{"class":236},[43,150437,227],{"class":53},[14,150439,110],{},[34,150441,150443],{"className":36,"code":150442,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[18,150444,150445],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150446,150447,150449,150451,150453,150455,150457,150459,150461,150463],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150448,54],{"class":53},[43,150450,2466],{"class":63},[43,150452,800],{"class":53},[43,150454,5823],{"class":63},[43,150456,800],{"class":53},[43,150458,803],{"class":63},[43,150460,800],{"class":53},[43,150462,808],{"class":63},[43,150464,227],{"class":53},[14,150466,150467],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[29,150469,21124],{"id":21123},[150,150471,150472,150475,150478,150481],{},[153,150473,150474],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[153,150476,150477],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[153,150479,150480],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[153,150482,150483],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[14,150485,150486,150487,315],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[189,150488,150490],{"href":150489},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[29,150492,3160],{"id":3159},[14,150494,150495],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[402,150497,150499],{"id":150498},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[14,150501,150502],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[34,150504,150506],{"className":36,"code":150505,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[18,150507,150508,150524],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150509,150510,150512,150514,150516,150518,150520,150522],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150511,28863],{"class":207},[43,150513,212],{"class":211},[43,150515,9552],{"class":53},[43,150517,82],{"class":81},[43,150519,4401],{"class":85},[43,150521,82],{"class":81},[43,150523,227],{"class":53},[43,150525,150526,150528,150530,150532,150534,150536],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,150527,50],{"class":49},[43,150529,54],{"class":53},[43,150531,248],{"class":57},[43,150533,54],{"class":53},[43,150535,23634],{"class":236},[43,150537,67],{"class":53},[14,150539,150540],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[34,150542,150544],{"className":36,"code":150543,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[18,150545,150546,150562],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150547,150548,150550,150552,150554,150556,150558,150560],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150549,28863],{"class":207},[43,150551,212],{"class":211},[43,150553,9552],{"class":53},[43,150555,82],{"class":81},[43,150557,4401],{"class":85},[43,150559,82],{"class":81},[43,150561,149404],{"class":53},[43,150563,150564,150566,150568,150570,150572,150574],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,150565,50],{"class":49},[43,150567,54],{"class":53},[43,150569,248],{"class":57},[43,150571,54],{"class":53},[43,150573,23634],{"class":236},[43,150575,67],{"class":53},[402,150577,150579],{"id":150578},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[14,150581,150582],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[34,150584,150586],{"className":36,"code":150585,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,150587,150588,150608],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150589,150590,150592,150594,150596,150598,150600,150602,150604,150606],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150591,4144],{"class":207},[43,150593,212],{"class":211},[43,150595,3942],{"class":53},[43,150597,797],{"class":63},[43,150599,800],{"class":53},[43,150601,803],{"class":63},[43,150603,800],{"class":53},[43,150605,808],{"class":63},[43,150607,3955],{"class":53},[43,150609,150610,150612,150614,150616,150618,150620],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,150611,50],{"class":49},[43,150613,54],{"class":53},[43,150615,248],{"class":57},[43,150617,54],{"class":53},[43,150619,5683],{"class":236},[43,150621,67],{"class":53},[14,150623,150624],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[34,150626,150628],{"className":36,"code":150627,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,150629,150630,150650],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150631,150632,150634,150636,150638,150640,150642,150644,150646,150648],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150633,4144],{"class":207},[43,150635,212],{"class":211},[43,150637,9552],{"class":53},[43,150639,797],{"class":63},[43,150641,800],{"class":53},[43,150643,803],{"class":63},[43,150645,800],{"class":53},[43,150647,808],{"class":63},[43,150649,227],{"class":53},[43,150651,150652,150654,150656,150658,150660,150662],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,150653,50],{"class":49},[43,150655,54],{"class":53},[43,150657,248],{"class":57},[43,150659,54],{"class":53},[43,150661,5683],{"class":236},[43,150663,67],{"class":53},[402,150665,150667],{"id":150666},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[14,150669,150480],{},[34,150671,150673],{"className":36,"code":150672,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[18,150674,150675,150695],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150676,150677,150679,150681,150683,150685,150687,150689,150691,150693],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150678,3937],{"class":207},[43,150680,212],{"class":211},[43,150682,9552],{"class":53},[43,150684,797],{"class":63},[43,150686,800],{"class":53},[43,150688,803],{"class":63},[43,150690,800],{"class":53},[43,150692,808],{"class":63},[43,150694,227],{"class":53},[43,150696,150697],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,150698,150699],{"class":3984},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[14,150701,150702],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[402,150704,37529,150706,150709],{"id":150705},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[18,150707,150708],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[14,150711,64702],{},[34,150713,150714],{"className":36,"code":150332,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,150715,150716,150734],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150717,150718,150720,150722,150724,150726,150728,150730,150732],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150719,36414],{"class":207},[43,150721,212],{"class":211},[43,150723,149414],{"class":57},[43,150725,54],{"class":53},[43,150727,82],{"class":81},[43,150729,1596],{"class":85},[43,150731,82],{"class":81},[43,150733,227],{"class":53},[43,150735,150736,150738,150740,150742],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,150737,50],{"class":49},[43,150739,54],{"class":53},[43,150741,36467],{"class":236},[43,150743,227],{"class":53},[14,150745,150746],{},"gives:",[34,150748,150749],{"className":36,"code":150367,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,150750,150751],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150752,150753,150755,150757,150759,150761,150763,150765,150767,150769,150771,150773,150775,150777],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150754,54],{"class":53},[43,150756,283],{"class":81},[43,150758,189],{"class":85},[43,150760,283],{"class":81},[43,150762,800],{"class":53},[43,150764,278],{"class":81},[43,150766,1231],{"class":85},[43,150768,283],{"class":81},[43,150770,800],{"class":53},[43,150772,278],{"class":81},[43,150774,10055],{"class":85},[43,150776,283],{"class":81},[43,150778,227],{"class":53},[14,150780,150781],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[34,150783,150785],{"className":36,"code":150784,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[18,150786,150787,150803],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150788,150789,150791,150793,150795,150797,150799,150801],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150790,6481],{"class":207},[43,150792,212],{"class":211},[43,150794,9552],{"class":53},[43,150796,82],{"class":81},[43,150798,1596],{"class":85},[43,150800,82],{"class":81},[43,150802,149404],{"class":53},[43,150804,150805,150807,150809,150811],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,150806,50],{"class":49},[43,150808,54],{"class":53},[43,150810,38717],{"class":236},[43,150812,227],{"class":53},[14,150814,110],{},[34,150816,150818],{"className":36,"code":150817,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"('abc',)\n",[18,150819,150820],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150821,150822,150824,150826,150828,150830],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150823,54],{"class":53},[43,150825,283],{"class":81},[43,150827,1596],{"class":85},[43,150829,283],{"class":81},[43,150831,149404],{"class":53},[402,150833,150835],{"id":150834},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[14,150837,150838],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[34,150840,150842],{"className":36,"code":150841,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[18,150843,150844,150861,150865,150875,150889],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,150845,150846,150849,150851,150853,150855,150857,150859],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,150847,150848],{"class":207},"my_tuple ",[43,150850,212],{"class":211},[43,150852,9552],{"class":53},[43,150854,82],{"class":81},[43,150856,4401],{"class":85},[43,150858,82],{"class":81},[43,150860,149404],{"class":53},[43,150862,150863],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,150864,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,150866,150867,150869,150871,150873],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,150868,50],{"class":49},[43,150870,54],{"class":53},[43,150872,148066],{"class":236},[43,150874,227],{"class":53},[43,150876,150877,150879,150881,150883,150885,150887],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,150878,50],{"class":49},[43,150880,54],{"class":53},[43,150882,248],{"class":57},[43,150884,54],{"class":53},[43,150886,148066],{"class":236},[43,150888,67],{"class":53},[43,150890,150891,150893,150895,150897,150899,150901],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,150892,50],{"class":49},[43,150894,54],{"class":53},[43,150896,11477],{"class":49},[43,150898,54],{"class":53},[43,150900,148066],{"class":236},[43,150902,67],{"class":53},[29,150904,2162],{"id":2161},[402,150906,150908],{"id":150907},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[14,150910,150911,150912,150915],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[18,150913,150914],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[402,150917,150919],{"id":150918},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[14,150921,150922],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[402,150924,150926],{"id":150925},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[14,150928,150929],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[402,150931,150933],{"id":150932},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[14,150935,150936],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[402,150938,5466,150940,13035],{"id":150939},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[18,150941,150708],{},[14,150943,2206,150944,150947],{},[18,150945,150946],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[29,150949,2229],{"id":2228},[150,150951,150952,150956,150960,150966,150971,150976,150980],{},[153,150953,150954],{},[189,150955,148048],{"href":148047},[153,150957,150958],{},[189,150959,149721],{"href":149720},[153,150961,150962],{},[189,150963,150965],{"href":150964},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[153,150967,150968],{},[189,150969,150970],{"href":149286},"Python tuple length with len()",[153,150972,150973],{},[189,150974,150975],{"href":149351},"What is a tuple in Python?",[153,150977,150978],{},[189,150979,63276],{"href":63275},[153,150981,150982],{},[189,150983,150984],{"href":150489},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2262,150986,150987],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":150989},[150990,150991,150992,150993,150994,150995,151001,151007,151008,151016,151024],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":15484,"depth":70,"text":15485},{"id":149580,"depth":70,"text":149581},{"id":149724,"depth":70,"text":149725},{"id":149817,"depth":70,"text":149818},{"id":150010,"depth":70,"text":150011,"children":150996},[150997,150998,150999,151000],{"id":3969,"depth":93,"text":56518},{"id":5633,"depth":93,"text":56521},{"id":150102,"depth":93,"text":150103},{"id":150145,"depth":93,"text":150146},{"id":150252,"depth":70,"text":151002,"children":151003},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[151004,151005,151006],{"id":105306,"depth":93,"text":105307},{"id":105492,"depth":93,"text":105493},{"id":150403,"depth":93,"text":150404},{"id":21123,"depth":70,"text":21124},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160,"children":151009},[151010,151011,151012,151013,151015],{"id":150498,"depth":93,"text":150499},{"id":150578,"depth":93,"text":150579},{"id":150666,"depth":93,"text":150667},{"id":150705,"depth":93,"text":151014},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150834,"depth":93,"text":150835},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":151017},[151018,151019,151020,151021,151022],{"id":150907,"depth":93,"text":150908},{"id":150918,"depth":93,"text":150919},{"id":150925,"depth":93,"text":150926},{"id":150932,"depth":93,"text":150933},{"id":150939,"depth":93,"text":151023},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149337,"description":151025},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":151032,"title":151033,"body":151034,"description":152579,"extension":2312,"meta":152580,"navigation":958,"path":152581,"seo":152582,"stem":152583,"__hash__":152584},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":151035,"toc":152549},[151036,151039,151044,151046,151059,151065,151067,151134,151136,151171,151176,151180,151184,151186,151197,151205,151207,151209,151230,151232,151252,151255,151257,151262,151305,151307,151329,151332,151345,151349,151353,151356,151409,151411,151432,151437,151441,151444,151489,151491,151524,151536,151540,151548,151585,151587,151616,151620,151623,151676,151678,151698,151705,151709,151714,151783,151785,151810,151814,151817,151823,151900,151902,151961,151963,151975,151980,151984,151988,152002,152004,152039,152041,152058,152061,152074,152078,152082,152093,152098,152113,152116,152119,152121,152124,152128,152130,152144,152146,152170,152175,152179,152182,152201,152204,152253,152258,152275,152278,152311,152315,152317,152368,152371,152396,152399,152422,152426,152432,152434,152469,152472,152477,152479,152483,152486,152490,152495,152499,152502,152506,152509,152513,152518,152520,152546],[10,151037,151033],{"id":151038},"python-tuple-function-explained",[14,151040,16,151041,151043],{},[18,151042,38372],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[14,151045,82648],{},[150,151047,151048,151053],{},[153,151049,151050,151052],{},[18,151051,38372],{}," creates an empty tuple",[153,151054,151055,151058],{},[18,151056,151057],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[14,151060,151061,151062,151064],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[18,151063,38372],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[29,151066,32],{"id":31},[34,151068,151070],{"className":36,"code":151069,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,151071,151072,151092,151106,151110,151120],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151073,151074,151076,151078,151080,151082,151084,151086,151088,151090],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151075,3937],{"class":207},[43,151077,212],{"class":211},[43,151079,3942],{"class":53},[43,151081,797],{"class":63},[43,151083,800],{"class":53},[43,151085,803],{"class":63},[43,151087,800],{"class":53},[43,151089,808],{"class":63},[43,151091,3955],{"class":53},[43,151093,151094,151096,151098,151100,151102,151104],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,151095,1282],{"class":207},[43,151097,212],{"class":211},[43,151099,149414],{"class":57},[43,151101,54],{"class":53},[43,151103,3969],{"class":236},[43,151105,227],{"class":53},[43,151107,151108],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,151109,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,151111,151112,151114,151116,151118],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,151113,50],{"class":49},[43,151115,54],{"class":53},[43,151117,1306],{"class":236},[43,151119,227],{"class":53},[43,151121,151122,151124,151126,151128,151130,151132],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,151123,50],{"class":49},[43,151125,54],{"class":53},[43,151127,248],{"class":57},[43,151129,54],{"class":53},[43,151131,1306],{"class":236},[43,151133,67],{"class":53},[14,151135,110],{},[34,151137,151139],{"className":36,"code":151138,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,151140,151141,151157],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151142,151143,151145,151147,151149,151151,151153,151155],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151144,54],{"class":53},[43,151146,797],{"class":63},[43,151148,800],{"class":53},[43,151150,803],{"class":63},[43,151152,800],{"class":53},[43,151154,808],{"class":63},[43,151156,227],{"class":53},[43,151158,151159,151161,151163,151165,151167,151169],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,151160,271],{"class":211},[43,151162,275],{"class":274},[43,151164,278],{"class":81},[43,151166,49007],{"class":85},[43,151168,283],{"class":81},[43,151170,286],{"class":211},[14,151172,133,151173,151175],{},[18,151174,151057],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[29,151177,151179],{"id":151178},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[14,151181,151182,62984],{},[18,151183,38372],{},[14,151185,48981],{},[150,151187,151188,151191,151194],{},[153,151189,151190],{},"creates a tuple object",[153,151192,151193],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[153,151195,151196],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[14,151198,151199,151200,151202,151203,315],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[189,151201,149352],{"href":149351}," or the full guide to ",[189,151204,148048],{"href":148047},[29,151206,290],{"id":289},[14,151208,26811],{},[34,151210,151212],{"className":36,"code":151211,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[18,151213,151214,151220],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151215,151216,151218],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151217,49007],{"class":57},[43,151219,1728],{"class":53},[43,151221,151222,151224,151226,151228],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,151223,49007],{"class":57},[43,151225,54],{"class":53},[43,151227,4042],{"class":236},[43,151229,227],{"class":53},[14,151231,11775],{},[150,151233,151234,151237],{},[153,151235,151236],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[153,151238,151239,151240],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[150,151241,151242,151244,151246,151248,151250],{},[153,151243,5624],{},[153,151245,5633],{},[153,151247,63055],{},[153,151249,5630],{},[153,151251,7575],{},[14,151253,151254],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[29,151256,149725],{"id":149724},[14,151258,29974,151259,151261],{},[18,151260,38372],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[34,151263,151265],{"className":36,"code":151264,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[18,151266,151267,151277,151281,151291],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151268,151269,151271,151273,151275],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151270,124912],{"class":207},[43,151272,212],{"class":211},[43,151274,149414],{"class":57},[43,151276,1728],{"class":53},[43,151278,151279],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,151280,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,151282,151283,151285,151287,151289],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,151284,50],{"class":49},[43,151286,54],{"class":53},[43,151288,124963],{"class":236},[43,151290,227],{"class":53},[43,151292,151293,151295,151297,151299,151301,151303],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,151294,50],{"class":49},[43,151296,54],{"class":53},[43,151298,248],{"class":57},[43,151300,54],{"class":53},[43,151302,124963],{"class":236},[43,151304,67],{"class":53},[14,151306,110],{},[34,151308,151309],{"className":36,"code":149770,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,151310,151311,151315],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151312,151313],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151314,1728],{"class":53},[43,151316,151317,151319,151321,151323,151325,151327],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,151318,271],{"class":211},[43,151320,275],{"class":274},[43,151322,278],{"class":81},[43,151324,49007],{"class":85},[43,151326,283],{"class":81},[43,151328,286],{"class":211},[14,151330,151331],{},"This is equivalent to:",[34,151333,151335],{"className":36,"code":151334,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"empty = ()\n",[18,151336,151337],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151338,151339,151341,151343],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151340,124912],{"class":207},[43,151342,212],{"class":211},[43,151344,149390],{"class":53},[29,151346,151348],{"id":151347},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[402,151350,151352],{"id":151351},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[14,151354,151355],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[34,151357,151359],{"className":36,"code":151358,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151360,151361,151381,151395,151399],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151362,151363,151365,151367,151369,151371,151373,151375,151377,151379],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151364,3937],{"class":207},[43,151366,212],{"class":211},[43,151368,3942],{"class":53},[43,151370,512],{"class":63},[43,151372,800],{"class":53},[43,151374,8115],{"class":63},[43,151376,800],{"class":53},[43,151378,8120],{"class":63},[43,151380,3955],{"class":53},[43,151382,151383,151385,151387,151389,151391,151393],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,151384,1282],{"class":207},[43,151386,212],{"class":211},[43,151388,149414],{"class":57},[43,151390,54],{"class":53},[43,151392,3969],{"class":236},[43,151394,227],{"class":53},[43,151396,151397],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,151398,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,151400,151401,151403,151405,151407],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,151402,50],{"class":49},[43,151404,54],{"class":53},[43,151406,1306],{"class":236},[43,151408,227],{"class":53},[14,151410,110],{},[34,151412,151414],{"className":36,"code":151413,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[18,151415,151416],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151417,151418,151420,151422,151424,151426,151428,151430],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151419,54],{"class":53},[43,151421,512],{"class":63},[43,151423,800],{"class":53},[43,151425,8115],{"class":63},[43,151427,800],{"class":53},[43,151429,8120],{"class":63},[43,151431,227],{"class":53},[14,151433,151434,151435,315],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[189,151436,105112],{"href":60113},[402,151438,151440],{"id":151439},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[14,151442,151443],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[34,151445,151447],{"className":36,"code":151446,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151448,151449,151461,151475,151479],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151450,151451,151453,151455,151457,151459],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151452,927],{"class":207},[43,151454,212],{"class":211},[43,151456,932],{"class":81},[43,151458,37372],{"class":85},[43,151460,938],{"class":81},[43,151462,151463,151465,151467,151469,151471,151473],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,151464,1282],{"class":207},[43,151466,212],{"class":211},[43,151468,149414],{"class":57},[43,151470,54],{"class":53},[43,151472,951],{"class":236},[43,151474,227],{"class":53},[43,151476,151477],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,151478,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,151480,151481,151483,151485,151487],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,151482,50],{"class":49},[43,151484,54],{"class":53},[43,151486,1306],{"class":236},[43,151488,227],{"class":53},[14,151490,110],{},[34,151492,151494],{"className":36,"code":151493,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[18,151495,151496],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151497,151498,151500,151502,151504,151506,151508,151510,151512,151514,151516,151518,151520,151522],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151499,54],{"class":53},[43,151501,283],{"class":81},[43,151503,10055],{"class":85},[43,151505,283],{"class":81},[43,151507,800],{"class":53},[43,151509,278],{"class":81},[43,151511,189],{"class":85},[43,151513,283],{"class":81},[43,151515,800],{"class":53},[43,151517,278],{"class":81},[43,151519,63345],{"class":85},[43,151521,283],{"class":81},[43,151523,227],{"class":53},[14,151525,151526,151527,14375,151530,151532,151533,315],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[18,151528,151529],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[913,151531,734],{}," create ",[18,151534,151535],{},"('cat',)",[402,151537,151539],{"id":151538},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[14,151541,151542,151544,151545,151547],{},[18,151543,36522],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[18,151546,38372],{}," collects them all.",[34,151549,151551],{"className":36,"code":151550,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151552,151553,151571,151575],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151554,151555,151557,151559,151561,151563,151565,151567,151569],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151556,1282],{"class":207},[43,151558,212],{"class":211},[43,151560,149414],{"class":57},[43,151562,54],{"class":53},[43,151564,60056],{"class":49},[43,151566,54],{"class":53},[43,151568,64],{"class":63},[43,151570,67],{"class":53},[43,151572,151573],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,151574,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,151576,151577,151579,151581,151583],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,151578,50],{"class":49},[43,151580,54],{"class":53},[43,151582,1306],{"class":236},[43,151584,227],{"class":53},[14,151586,110],{},[34,151588,151590],{"className":36,"code":151589,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[18,151591,151592],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151593,151594,151596,151598,151600,151602,151604,151606,151608,151610,151612,151614],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151595,54],{"class":53},[43,151597,2466],{"class":63},[43,151599,800],{"class":53},[43,151601,5823],{"class":63},[43,151603,800],{"class":53},[43,151605,803],{"class":63},[43,151607,800],{"class":53},[43,151609,808],{"class":63},[43,151611,800],{"class":53},[43,151613,2789],{"class":63},[43,151615,227],{"class":53},[402,151617,151619],{"id":151618},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[14,151621,151622],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[34,151624,151626],{"className":36,"code":151625,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151627,151628,151648,151662,151666],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151629,151630,151632,151634,151636,151638,151640,151642,151644,151646],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151631,4144],{"class":207},[43,151633,212],{"class":211},[43,151635,1649],{"class":53},[43,151637,797],{"class":63},[43,151639,800],{"class":53},[43,151641,803],{"class":63},[43,151643,800],{"class":53},[43,151645,808],{"class":63},[43,151647,1667],{"class":53},[43,151649,151650,151652,151654,151656,151658,151660],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,151651,1282],{"class":207},[43,151653,212],{"class":211},[43,151655,149414],{"class":57},[43,151657,54],{"class":53},[43,151659,5683],{"class":236},[43,151661,227],{"class":53},[43,151663,151664],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,151665,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,151667,151668,151670,151672,151674],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,151669,50],{"class":49},[43,151671,54],{"class":53},[43,151673,1306],{"class":236},[43,151675,227],{"class":53},[14,151677,110],{},[34,151679,151680],{"className":36,"code":149627,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,151681,151682],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151683,151684,151686,151688,151690,151692,151694,151696],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151685,54],{"class":53},[43,151687,797],{"class":63},[43,151689,800],{"class":53},[43,151691,803],{"class":63},[43,151693,800],{"class":53},[43,151695,808],{"class":63},[43,151697,227],{"class":53},[14,151699,151700,151701,315],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[189,151702,151704],{"href":151703},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[402,151706,151708],{"id":151707},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[14,151710,63598,151711,151713],{},[18,151712,38372],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[34,151715,151717],{"className":36,"code":151716,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151718,151719,151755,151769,151773],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151720,151721,151723,151725,151727,151729,151731,151733,151735,151737,151739,151741,151743,151745,151747,151749,151751,151753],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151722,13525],{"class":207},[43,151724,212],{"class":211},[43,151726,1649],{"class":53},[43,151728,82],{"class":81},[43,151730,7992],{"class":85},[43,151732,82],{"class":81},[43,151734,325],{"class":53},[43,151736,932],{"class":81},[43,151738,13200],{"class":85},[43,151740,82],{"class":81},[43,151742,800],{"class":53},[43,151744,932],{"class":81},[43,151746,9615],{"class":85},[43,151748,82],{"class":81},[43,151750,325],{"class":53},[43,151752,9622],{"class":63},[43,151754,1667],{"class":53},[43,151756,151757,151759,151761,151763,151765,151767],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,151758,1282],{"class":207},[43,151760,212],{"class":211},[43,151762,149414],{"class":57},[43,151764,54],{"class":53},[43,151766,17630],{"class":236},[43,151768,227],{"class":53},[43,151770,151771],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,151772,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,151774,151775,151777,151779,151781],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,151776,50],{"class":49},[43,151778,54],{"class":53},[43,151780,1306],{"class":236},[43,151782,227],{"class":53},[14,151784,30350],{},[34,151786,151788],{"className":36,"code":151787,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"('name', 'age')\n",[18,151789,151790],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151791,151792,151794,151796,151798,151800,151802,151804,151806,151808],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151793,54],{"class":53},[43,151795,283],{"class":81},[43,151797,7992],{"class":85},[43,151799,283],{"class":81},[43,151801,800],{"class":53},[43,151803,278],{"class":81},[43,151805,9615],{"class":85},[43,151807,283],{"class":81},[43,151809,227],{"class":53},[29,151811,151813],{"id":151812},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[14,151815,151816],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[14,151818,151819,151822],{},[18,151820,151821],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[34,151824,151826],{"className":36,"code":151825,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[18,151827,151828,151864,151868,151882],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151829,151830,151832,151834,151836,151838,151840,151842,151844,151846,151848,151850,151852,151854,151856,151858,151860,151862],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151831,13525],{"class":207},[43,151833,212],{"class":211},[43,151835,1649],{"class":53},[43,151837,82],{"class":81},[43,151839,7992],{"class":85},[43,151841,82],{"class":81},[43,151843,325],{"class":53},[43,151845,932],{"class":81},[43,151847,13200],{"class":85},[43,151849,82],{"class":81},[43,151851,800],{"class":53},[43,151853,932],{"class":81},[43,151855,9615],{"class":85},[43,151857,82],{"class":81},[43,151859,325],{"class":53},[43,151861,9622],{"class":63},[43,151863,1667],{"class":53},[43,151865,151866],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,151867,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,151869,151870,151872,151874,151876,151878,151880],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,151871,50],{"class":49},[43,151873,54],{"class":53},[43,151875,49007],{"class":57},[43,151877,54],{"class":53},[43,151879,17630],{"class":236},[43,151881,67],{"class":53},[43,151883,151884,151886,151888,151890,151892,151894,151896,151898],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,151885,50],{"class":49},[43,151887,54],{"class":53},[43,151889,49007],{"class":57},[43,151891,54],{"class":53},[43,151893,17630],{"class":236},[43,151895,315],{"class":53},[43,151897,8135],{"class":236},[43,151899,6616],{"class":53},[14,151901,110],{},[34,151903,151905],{"className":36,"code":151904,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[18,151906,151907,151927],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,151908,151909,151911,151913,151915,151917,151919,151921,151923,151925],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,151910,54],{"class":53},[43,151912,283],{"class":81},[43,151914,7992],{"class":85},[43,151916,283],{"class":81},[43,151918,800],{"class":53},[43,151920,278],{"class":81},[43,151922,9615],{"class":85},[43,151924,283],{"class":81},[43,151926,227],{"class":53},[43,151928,151929,151931,151933,151935,151937,151939,151941,151943,151945,151947,151949,151951,151953,151955,151957,151959],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,151930,5836],{"class":53},[43,151932,283],{"class":81},[43,151934,7992],{"class":85},[43,151936,283],{"class":81},[43,151938,800],{"class":53},[43,151940,278],{"class":81},[43,151942,13200],{"class":85},[43,151944,283],{"class":81},[43,151946,9549],{"class":53},[43,151948,9552],{"class":53},[43,151950,283],{"class":81},[43,151952,9615],{"class":85},[43,151954,283],{"class":81},[43,151956,800],{"class":53},[43,151958,9622],{"class":63},[43,151960,67],{"class":53},[14,151962,19017],{},[150,151964,151965,151970],{},[153,151966,151967,151969],{},[18,151968,151821],{}," for keys",[153,151971,151972,32879],{},[18,151973,151974],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[14,151976,151977,151978,315],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[189,151979,63608],{"href":63607},[29,151981,151983],{"id":151982},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[14,151985,151986,18641],{},[18,151987,38372],{},[150,151989,151990,151993,151996,151999],{},[153,151991,151992],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[153,151994,151995],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[153,151997,151998],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[153,152000,152001],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[14,152003,197],{},[34,152005,152007],{"className":36,"code":152006,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[18,152008,152009,152028],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152010,152011,152014,152016,152018,152020,152022,152024,152026],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152012,152013],{"class":207},"coordinates ",[43,152015,212],{"class":211},[43,152017,149414],{"class":57},[43,152019,794],{"class":53},[43,152021,2835],{"class":63},[43,152023,800],{"class":53},[43,152025,6320],{"class":63},[43,152027,4209],{"class":53},[43,152029,152030,152032,152034,152037],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,152031,50],{"class":49},[43,152033,54],{"class":53},[43,152035,152036],{"class":236},"coordinates",[43,152038,227],{"class":53},[14,152040,110],{},[34,152042,152044],{"className":36,"code":152043,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(4, 7)\n",[18,152045,152046],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152047,152048,152050,152052,152054,152056],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152049,54],{"class":53},[43,152051,2835],{"class":63},[43,152053,800],{"class":53},[43,152055,6320],{"class":63},[43,152057,227],{"class":53},[14,152059,152060],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[150,152062,152063,152065,152068,152071],{},[153,152064,152036],{},[153,152066,152067],{},"RGB colors",[153,152069,152070],{},"dates",[153,152072,152073],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[29,152075,152077],{"id":152076},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[14,152079,44481,152080,10916],{},[18,152081,38372],{},[150,152083,152084,152087,152090],{},[153,152085,152086],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[153,152088,152089],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[153,152091,152092],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[14,152094,116539,152095,152097],{},[913,152096,734],{}," work:",[34,152099,152101],{"className":36,"code":152100,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"tuple(5)\n",[18,152102,152103],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152104,152105,152107,152109,152111],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152106,49007],{"class":57},[43,152108,54],{"class":53},[43,152110,64],{"class":63},[43,152112,227],{"class":53},[14,152114,152115],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[14,152117,152118],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[29,152120,115377],{"id":115376},[14,152122,152123],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[402,152125,152127],{"id":152126},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[14,152129,3167],{},[34,152131,152132],{"className":36,"code":152100,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,152133,152134],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152135,152136,152138,152140,152142],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152137,49007],{"class":57},[43,152139,54],{"class":53},[43,152141,64],{"class":63},[43,152143,227],{"class":53},[14,152145,717],{},[34,152147,152148],{"className":36,"code":63712,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,152149,152150],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152151,152152,152154,152156,152158,152160,152162,152164,152166,152168],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152153,823],{"class":57},[43,152155,325],{"class":53},[43,152157,278],{"class":81},[43,152159,2069],{"class":85},[43,152161,283],{"class":81},[43,152163,24941],{"class":57},[43,152165,8421],{"class":211},[43,152167,844],{"class":211},[43,152169,63735],{"class":207},[14,152171,152172,152173,315],{},"If you see this, read ",[189,152174,62349],{"href":52655},[402,152176,152178],{"id":152177},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[14,152180,152181],{},"This code:",[34,152183,152185],{"className":36,"code":152184,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[18,152186,152187],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152188,152189,152191,152193,152195,152197,152199],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152190,49007],{"class":57},[43,152192,54],{"class":53},[43,152194,82],{"class":81},[43,152196,710],{"class":85},[43,152198,82],{"class":81},[43,152200,227],{"class":53},[14,152202,152203],{},"returns:",[34,152205,152207],{"className":36,"code":152206,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[18,152208,152209],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152210,152211,152213,152215,152217,152219,152221,152223,152225,152227,152229,152231,152233,152235,152237,152239,152241,152243,152245,152247,152249,152251],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152212,54],{"class":53},[43,152214,283],{"class":81},[43,152216,60496],{"class":85},[43,152218,283],{"class":81},[43,152220,800],{"class":53},[43,152222,278],{"class":81},[43,152224,60505],{"class":85},[43,152226,283],{"class":81},[43,152228,800],{"class":53},[43,152230,278],{"class":81},[43,152232,60514],{"class":85},[43,152234,283],{"class":81},[43,152236,800],{"class":53},[43,152238,278],{"class":81},[43,152240,60514],{"class":85},[43,152242,283],{"class":81},[43,152244,800],{"class":53},[43,152246,278],{"class":81},[43,152248,60531],{"class":85},[43,152250,283],{"class":81},[43,152252,227],{"class":53},[14,152254,911,152255,152257],{},[913,152256,734],{}," return:",[34,152259,152261],{"className":36,"code":152260,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"('hello',)\n",[18,152262,152263],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152264,152265,152267,152269,152271,152273],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152266,54],{"class":53},[43,152268,283],{"class":81},[43,152270,710],{"class":85},[43,152272,283],{"class":81},[43,152274,149404],{"class":53},[14,152276,152277],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[34,152279,152281],{"className":36,"code":152280,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[18,152282,152283,152300],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152284,152285,152288,152290,152292,152294,152296,152298],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152286,152287],{"class":207},"single ",[43,152289,212],{"class":211},[43,152291,9552],{"class":53},[43,152293,82],{"class":81},[43,152295,710],{"class":85},[43,152297,82],{"class":81},[43,152299,149404],{"class":53},[43,152301,152302,152304,152306,152309],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,152303,50],{"class":49},[43,152305,54],{"class":53},[43,152307,152308],{"class":236},"single",[43,152310,227],{"class":53},[402,152312,152314],{"id":152313},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[14,152316,152181],{},[34,152318,152320],{"className":36,"code":152319,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[18,152321,152322,152354],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152323,152324,152326,152328,152330,152332,152334,152336,152338,152340,152342,152344,152346,152348,152350,152352],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152325,9481],{"class":207},[43,152327,212],{"class":211},[43,152329,1649],{"class":53},[43,152331,82],{"class":81},[43,152333,189],{"class":85},[43,152335,82],{"class":81},[43,152337,325],{"class":53},[43,152339,5823],{"class":63},[43,152341,800],{"class":53},[43,152343,932],{"class":81},[43,152345,1231],{"class":85},[43,152347,82],{"class":81},[43,152349,325],{"class":53},[43,152351,803],{"class":63},[43,152353,1667],{"class":53},[43,152355,152356,152358,152360,152362,152364,152366],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,152357,50],{"class":49},[43,152359,54],{"class":53},[43,152361,49007],{"class":57},[43,152363,54],{"class":53},[43,152365,9520],{"class":236},[43,152367,67],{"class":53},[14,152369,152370],{},"returns only the keys:",[34,152372,152374],{"className":36,"code":152373,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"('a', 'b')\n",[18,152375,152376],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152377,152378,152380,152382,152384,152386,152388,152390,152392,152394],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152379,54],{"class":53},[43,152381,283],{"class":81},[43,152383,189],{"class":85},[43,152385,283],{"class":81},[43,152387,800],{"class":53},[43,152389,278],{"class":81},[43,152391,1231],{"class":85},[43,152393,283],{"class":81},[43,152395,227],{"class":53},[14,152397,152398],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[34,152400,152402],{"className":36,"code":152401,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[18,152403,152404],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152405,152406,152408,152410,152412,152414,152416,152418,152420],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152407,50],{"class":49},[43,152409,54],{"class":53},[43,152411,49007],{"class":57},[43,152413,54],{"class":53},[43,152415,9520],{"class":236},[43,152417,315],{"class":53},[43,152419,8135],{"class":236},[43,152421,6616],{"class":53},[402,152423,152425],{"id":152424},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[14,152427,152428,152429,152431],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[18,152430,38372],{}," conversion.",[14,152433,5797],{},[34,152435,152437],{"className":36,"code":152436,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[18,152438,152439,152459],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152440,152441,152443,152445,152447,152449,152451,152453,152455,152457],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152442,1589],{"class":207},[43,152444,212],{"class":211},[43,152446,9552],{"class":53},[43,152448,797],{"class":63},[43,152450,800],{"class":53},[43,152452,803],{"class":63},[43,152454,800],{"class":53},[43,152456,808],{"class":63},[43,152458,227],{"class":53},[43,152460,152461,152463,152465,152467],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,152462,50],{"class":49},[43,152464,54],{"class":53},[43,152466,307],{"class":236},[43,152468,227],{"class":53},[14,152470,152471],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[14,152473,25829,152474,152476],{},[18,152475,38372],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[29,152478,2162],{"id":2161},[402,152480,152482],{"id":152481},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[14,152484,152485],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[402,152487,152489],{"id":152488},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[14,152491,152492,152493,315],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[18,152494,830],{},[402,152496,152498],{"id":152497},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[14,152500,152501],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[402,152503,152505],{"id":152504},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[14,152507,152508],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[402,152510,152512],{"id":152511},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[14,152514,152515,152516,315],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[18,152517,823],{},[29,152519,2229],{"id":2228},[150,152521,152522,152526,152530,152534,152538,152542],{},[153,152523,152524],{},[189,152525,148048],{"href":148047},[153,152527,152528],{},[189,152529,150975],{"href":149351},[153,152531,152532],{},[189,152533,105112],{"href":60113},[153,152535,152536],{},[189,152537,151704],{"href":151703},[153,152539,152540],{},[189,152541,63608],{"href":63607},[153,152543,152544],{},[189,152545,62349],{"href":52655},[2262,152547,152548],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":152550},[152551,152552,152553,152554,152555,152562,152563,152564,152565,152571,152578],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":151178,"depth":70,"text":151179},{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":149724,"depth":70,"text":149725},{"id":151347,"depth":70,"text":151348,"children":152556},[152557,152558,152559,152560,152561],{"id":151351,"depth":93,"text":151352},{"id":151439,"depth":93,"text":151440},{"id":151538,"depth":93,"text":151539},{"id":151618,"depth":93,"text":151619},{"id":151707,"depth":93,"text":151708},{"id":151812,"depth":70,"text":151813},{"id":151982,"depth":70,"text":151983},{"id":152076,"depth":70,"text":152077},{"id":115376,"depth":70,"text":115377,"children":152566},[152567,152568,152569,152570],{"id":152126,"depth":93,"text":152127},{"id":152177,"depth":93,"text":152178},{"id":152313,"depth":93,"text":152314},{"id":152424,"depth":93,"text":152425},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":152572},[152573,152574,152575,152576,152577],{"id":152481,"depth":93,"text":152482},{"id":152488,"depth":93,"text":152489},{"id":152497,"depth":93,"text":152498},{"id":152504,"depth":93,"text":152505},{"id":152511,"depth":93,"text":152512},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":151033,"description":152579},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152586,"title":152587,"body":152588,"description":154001,"extension":2312,"meta":154002,"navigation":958,"path":154003,"seo":154004,"stem":154005,"__hash__":154006},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152589,"toc":153973},[152590,152595,152600,152603,152605,152684,152690,152695,152699,152714,152716,152763,152765,152773,152781,152787,152789,152794,152814,152817,152844,152846,152870,152872,153014,153016,153020,153028,153031,153033,153110,153112,153120,153124,153128,153138,153148,153150,153155,153157,153216,153221,153223,153323,153325,153339,153344,153350,153357,153360,153362,153472,153476,153493,153495,153558,153560,153568,153580,153584,153589,153617,153620,153702,153704,153715,153717,153721,153748,153750,153752,153832,153840,153842,153897,153899,153904,153907,153911,153915,153917,153921,153925,153933,153940,153943,153945,153970],[10,152591,147932,152593,11638],{"id":152592},"python-tuple-index-method",[18,152594,59025],{},[14,152596,152597,152599],{},[18,152598,149253],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[14,152601,152602],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[29,152604,32],{"id":31},[34,152606,152608],{"className":36,"code":152607,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[18,152609,152610,152650,152672],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152611,152612,152614,152616,152618,152620,152622,152624,152626,152628,152630,152632,152634,152636,152638,152640,152642,152644,152646,152648],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152613,13396],{"class":207},[43,152615,212],{"class":211},[43,152617,9552],{"class":53},[43,152619,82],{"class":81},[43,152621,13413],{"class":85},[43,152623,82],{"class":81},[43,152625,800],{"class":53},[43,152627,932],{"class":81},[43,152629,13430],{"class":85},[43,152631,82],{"class":81},[43,152633,800],{"class":53},[43,152635,932],{"class":81},[43,152637,17777],{"class":85},[43,152639,82],{"class":81},[43,152641,800],{"class":53},[43,152643,932],{"class":81},[43,152645,13430],{"class":85},[43,152647,82],{"class":81},[43,152649,227],{"class":53},[43,152651,152652,152654,152656,152658,152660,152662,152664,152666,152668,152670],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,152653,64978],{"class":207},[43,152655,212],{"class":211},[43,152657,13444],{"class":207},[43,152659,315],{"class":53},[43,152661,36169],{"class":236},[43,152663,54],{"class":53},[43,152665,82],{"class":81},[43,152667,13430],{"class":85},[43,152669,82],{"class":81},[43,152671,227],{"class":53},[43,152673,152674,152676,152678,152680,152682],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,152675,50],{"class":49},[43,152677,54],{"class":53},[43,152679,65005],{"class":236},[43,152681,1221],{"class":53},[43,152683,28104],{"class":3984},[14,152685,152686,152689],{},[18,152687,152688],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[29,152691,3998,152693,4001],{"id":152692},"what-tupleindex-does",[18,152694,149253],{},[14,152696,1073,152697,11729],{},[18,152698,59025],{},[150,152700,152701,152704,152706,152709],{},[153,152702,152703],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[153,152705,128530],{},[153,152707,152708],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[153,152710,152711,152712],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[18,152713,2466],{},[14,152715,197],{},[34,152717,152719],{"className":36,"code":152718,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[18,152720,152721,152745],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152722,152723,152725,152727,152729,152731,152733,152735,152737,152739,152741,152743],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152724,3937],{"class":207},[43,152726,212],{"class":211},[43,152728,9552],{"class":53},[43,152730,512],{"class":63},[43,152732,800],{"class":53},[43,152734,8115],{"class":63},[43,152736,800],{"class":53},[43,152738,8120],{"class":63},[43,152740,800],{"class":53},[43,152742,8115],{"class":63},[43,152744,227],{"class":53},[43,152746,152747,152749,152751,152753,152755,152757,152759,152761],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,152748,50],{"class":49},[43,152750,54],{"class":53},[43,152752,3969],{"class":236},[43,152754,315],{"class":53},[43,152756,36169],{"class":236},[43,152758,54],{"class":53},[43,152760,16076],{"class":63},[43,152762,67],{"class":53},[14,152764,110],{},[34,152766,152767],{"className":36,"code":46970,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,152768,152769],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152770,152771],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152772,46970],{"class":63},[14,152774,21301,152775,152777,152778,152780],{},[18,152776,16076],{}," appears twice, ",[18,152779,59025],{}," returns only the first match.",[14,152782,151199,152783,315],{},[189,152784,152786],{"href":152785},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[29,152788,290],{"id":289},[14,152790,8087,152791,152793],{},[18,152792,59025],{}," in two ways:",[34,152795,152797],{"className":36,"code":152796,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[18,152798,152799],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152800,152801,152804,152806,152808,152810,152812],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152802,152803],{"class":207},"tuple_name",[43,152805,315],{"class":53},[43,152807,36169],{"class":236},[43,152809,54],{"class":53},[43,152811,307],{"class":236},[43,152813,227],{"class":53},[14,152815,152816],{},"or:",[34,152818,152820],{"className":36,"code":152819,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,152821,152822],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152823,152824,152826,152828,152830,152832,152834,152836,152838,152840,152842],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152825,152803],{"class":207},[43,152827,315],{"class":53},[43,152829,36169],{"class":236},[43,152831,54],{"class":53},[43,152833,307],{"class":236},[43,152835,800],{"class":53},[43,152837,36375],{"class":236},[43,152839,800],{"class":53},[43,152841,65099],{"class":236},[43,152843,227],{"class":53},[402,152845,17718],{"id":17717},[150,152847,152848,152853,152858,152863],{},[153,152849,152850,152852],{},[18,152851,307],{}," — the item to search for",[153,152854,152855,152857],{},[18,152856,36396],{}," — optional starting position",[153,152859,152860,152862],{},[18,152861,52716],{}," — optional ending position",[153,152864,152865,5106,152867,152869],{},[18,152866,52716],{},[913,152868,65128],{}," in the search",[14,152871,197],{},[34,152873,152875],{"className":36,"code":152874,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[18,152876,152877,152925,152929,152954,152982],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,152878,152879,152881,152883,152885,152887,152889,152891,152893,152895,152897,152899,152901,152903,152905,152907,152909,152911,152913,152915,152917,152919,152921,152923],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,152880,36414],{"class":207},[43,152882,212],{"class":211},[43,152884,9552],{"class":53},[43,152886,82],{"class":81},[43,152888,189],{"class":85},[43,152890,82],{"class":81},[43,152892,800],{"class":53},[43,152894,932],{"class":81},[43,152896,1231],{"class":85},[43,152898,82],{"class":81},[43,152900,800],{"class":53},[43,152902,932],{"class":81},[43,152904,10055],{"class":85},[43,152906,82],{"class":81},[43,152908,800],{"class":53},[43,152910,932],{"class":81},[43,152912,1231],{"class":85},[43,152914,82],{"class":81},[43,152916,800],{"class":53},[43,152918,932],{"class":81},[43,152920,19090],{"class":85},[43,152922,82],{"class":81},[43,152924,227],{"class":53},[43,152926,152927],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,152928,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,152930,152931,152933,152935,152937,152939,152941,152943,152945,152947,152949,152951],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,152932,50],{"class":49},[43,152934,54],{"class":53},[43,152936,36467],{"class":236},[43,152938,315],{"class":53},[43,152940,36169],{"class":236},[43,152942,54],{"class":53},[43,152944,82],{"class":81},[43,152946,1231],{"class":85},[43,152948,82],{"class":81},[43,152950,5686],{"class":53},[43,152952,152953],{"class":3984},"        # 1\n",[43,152955,152956,152958,152960,152962,152964,152966,152968,152970,152972,152974,152976,152978,152980],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,152957,50],{"class":49},[43,152959,54],{"class":53},[43,152961,36467],{"class":236},[43,152963,315],{"class":53},[43,152965,36169],{"class":236},[43,152967,54],{"class":53},[43,152969,82],{"class":81},[43,152971,1231],{"class":85},[43,152973,82],{"class":81},[43,152975,800],{"class":53},[43,152977,803],{"class":63},[43,152979,5686],{"class":53},[43,152981,50973],{"class":3984},[43,152983,152984,152986,152988,152990,152992,152994,152996,152998,153000,153002,153004,153006,153008,153010,153012],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,152985,50],{"class":49},[43,152987,54],{"class":53},[43,152989,36467],{"class":236},[43,152991,315],{"class":53},[43,152993,36169],{"class":236},[43,152995,54],{"class":53},[43,152997,82],{"class":81},[43,152999,1231],{"class":85},[43,153001,82],{"class":81},[43,153003,800],{"class":53},[43,153005,5823],{"class":63},[43,153007,800],{"class":53},[43,153009,808],{"class":63},[43,153011,5686],{"class":53},[43,153013,28104],{"class":3984},[29,153015,103439],{"id":103438},[14,153017,153018,25832],{},[18,153019,149253],{},[150,153021,153022,153025],{},[153,153023,153024],{},"An integer",[153,153026,153027],{},"The position of the first matching item",[14,153029,153030],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[14,153032,197],{},[34,153034,153036],{"className":36,"code":153035,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,153037,153038,153078,153100],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,153039,153040,153042,153044,153046,153048,153050,153052,153054,153056,153058,153060,153062,153064,153066,153068,153070,153072,153074,153076],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,153041,108538],{"class":207},[43,153043,212],{"class":211},[43,153045,9552],{"class":53},[43,153047,82],{"class":81},[43,153049,37372],{"class":85},[43,153051,82],{"class":81},[43,153053,800],{"class":53},[43,153055,932],{"class":81},[43,153057,58184],{"class":85},[43,153059,82],{"class":81},[43,153061,800],{"class":53},[43,153063,932],{"class":81},[43,153065,58201],{"class":85},[43,153067,82],{"class":81},[43,153069,800],{"class":53},[43,153071,932],{"class":81},[43,153073,58184],{"class":85},[43,153075,82],{"class":81},[43,153077,227],{"class":53},[43,153079,153080,153082,153084,153086,153088,153090,153092,153094,153096,153098],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,153081,1282],{"class":207},[43,153083,212],{"class":211},[43,153085,108581],{"class":207},[43,153087,315],{"class":53},[43,153089,36169],{"class":236},[43,153091,54],{"class":53},[43,153093,82],{"class":81},[43,153095,58184],{"class":85},[43,153097,82],{"class":81},[43,153099,227],{"class":53},[43,153101,153102,153104,153106,153108],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,153103,50],{"class":49},[43,153105,54],{"class":53},[43,153107,1306],{"class":236},[43,153109,227],{"class":53},[14,153111,110],{},[34,153113,153114],{"className":36,"code":46970,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,153115,153116],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,153117,153118],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,153119,46970],{"class":63},[29,153121,153123],{"id":153122},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[14,153125,133,153126,10916],{},[18,153127,149253],{},[150,153129,153130,153132,153135],{},[153,153131,66157],{},[153,153133,153134],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[153,153136,153137],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[14,153139,153140,153141,153144,153145,315],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[18,153142,153143],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[189,153146,149721],{"href":153147},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[29,153149,65689],{"id":65688},[14,153151,153152,153153,315],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[18,153154,690],{},[14,153156,197],{},[34,153158,153160],{"className":36,"code":153159,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[18,153161,153162,153194],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,153163,153164,153166,153168,153170,153172,153174,153176,153178,153180,153182,153184,153186,153188,153190,153192],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,153165,13396],{"class":207},[43,153167,212],{"class":211},[43,153169,9552],{"class":53},[43,153171,82],{"class":81},[43,153173,13413],{"class":85},[43,153175,82],{"class":81},[43,153177,800],{"class":53},[43,153179,932],{"class":81},[43,153181,13430],{"class":85},[43,153183,82],{"class":81},[43,153185,800],{"class":53},[43,153187,932],{"class":81},[43,153189,17777],{"class":85},[43,153191,82],{"class":81},[43,153193,227],{"class":53},[43,153195,153196,153198,153200,153202,153204,153206,153208,153210,153212,153214],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,153197,50],{"class":49},[43,153199,54],{"class":53},[43,153201,17824],{"class":236},[43,153203,315],{"class":53},[43,153205,36169],{"class":236},[43,153207,54],{"class":53},[43,153209,82],{"class":81},[43,153211,22847],{"class":85},[43,153213,82],{"class":81},[43,153215,67],{"class":53},[14,153217,39980,153218,153220],{},[18,153219,109863],{}," is not in the tuple.",[14,153222,65764],{},[34,153224,153226],{"className":36,"code":153225,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[18,153227,153228,153260,153264,153280,153302,153308],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,153229,153230,153232,153234,153236,153238,153240,153242,153244,153246,153248,153250,153252,153254,153256,153258],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,153231,13396],{"class":207},[43,153233,212],{"class":211},[43,153235,9552],{"class":53},[43,153237,82],{"class":81},[43,153239,13413],{"class":85},[43,153241,82],{"class":81},[43,153243,800],{"class":53},[43,153245,932],{"class":81},[43,153247,13430],{"class":85},[43,153249,82],{"class":81},[43,153251,800],{"class":53},[43,153253,932],{"class":81},[43,153255,17777],{"class":85},[43,153257,82],{"class":81},[43,153259,227],{"class":53},[43,153261,153262],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,153263,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,153265,153266,153268,153270,153272,153274,153276,153278],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,153267,7323],{"class":1927},[43,153269,932],{"class":81},[43,153271,22847],{"class":85},[43,153273,82],{"class":81},[43,153275,21497],{"class":211},[43,153277,13444],{"class":207},[43,153279,1931],{"class":53},[43,153281,153282,153284,153286,153288,153290,153292,153294,153296,153298,153300],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,153283,1951],{"class":49},[43,153285,54],{"class":53},[43,153287,17824],{"class":236},[43,153289,315],{"class":53},[43,153291,36169],{"class":236},[43,153293,54],{"class":53},[43,153295,82],{"class":81},[43,153297,22847],{"class":85},[43,153299,82],{"class":81},[43,153301,67],{"class":53},[43,153303,153304,153306],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,153305,27758],{"class":1927},[43,153307,1931],{"class":53},[43,153309,153310,153312,153314,153316,153319,153321],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,153311,1951],{"class":49},[43,153313,54],{"class":53},[43,153315,82],{"class":81},[43,153317,153318],{"class":85},"Value not found",[43,153320,82],{"class":81},[43,153322,227],{"class":53},[14,153324,110],{},[34,153326,153328],{"className":36,"code":153327,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Value not found\n",[18,153329,153330],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,153331,153332,153335,153337],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,153333,153334],{"class":207},"Value ",[43,153336,734],{"class":211},[43,153338,65888],{"class":207},[14,153340,153341,153342,315],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[189,153343,65898],{"href":65897},[29,153345,8738,153346,895,153348],{"id":65465},[18,153347,36396],{},[18,153349,52716],{},[14,153351,1073,153352,895,153354,153356],{},[18,153353,36396],{},[18,153355,52716],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[14,153358,153359],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[14,153361,197],{},[34,153363,153365],{"className":36,"code":153364,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[18,153366,153367,153395,153399,153420,153444],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,153368,153369,153371,153373,153375,153377,153379,153381,153383,153385,153387,153389,153391,153393],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,153370,4144],{"class":207},[43,153372,212],{"class":211},[43,153374,9552],{"class":53},[43,153376,64],{"class":63},[43,153378,800],{"class":53},[43,153380,6331],{"class":63},[43,153382,800],{"class":53},[43,153384,4929],{"class":63},[43,153386,800],{"class":53},[43,153388,8115],{"class":63},[43,153390,800],{"class":53},[43,153392,4929],{"class":63},[43,153394,227],{"class":53},[43,153396,153397],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,153398,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,153400,153401,153403,153405,153407,153409,153411,153413,153415,153417],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,153402,50],{"class":49},[43,153404,54],{"class":53},[43,153406,5683],{"class":236},[43,153408,315],{"class":53},[43,153410,36169],{"class":236},[43,153412,54],{"class":53},[43,153414,64],{"class":63},[43,153416,5686],{"class":53},[43,153418,153419],{"class":3984},"        # 0\n",[43,153421,153422,153424,153426,153428,153430,153432,153434,153436,153438,153440,153442],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,153423,50],{"class":49},[43,153425,54],{"class":53},[43,153427,5683],{"class":236},[43,153429,315],{"class":53},[43,153431,36169],{"class":236},[43,153433,54],{"class":53},[43,153435,64],{"class":63},[43,153437,800],{"class":53},[43,153439,5823],{"class":63},[43,153441,5686],{"class":53},[43,153443,51007],{"class":3984},[43,153445,153446,153448,153450,153452,153454,153456,153458,153460,153462,153464,153466,153468,153470],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,153447,50],{"class":49},[43,153449,54],{"class":53},[43,153451,5683],{"class":236},[43,153453,315],{"class":53},[43,153455,36169],{"class":236},[43,153457,54],{"class":53},[43,153459,64],{"class":63},[43,153461,800],{"class":53},[43,153463,808],{"class":63},[43,153465,800],{"class":53},[43,153467,4929],{"class":63},[43,153469,5686],{"class":53},[43,153471,50990],{"class":3984},[402,153473,153475],{"id":153474},"how-it-works","How it works",[150,153477,153478,153483,153488],{},[153,153479,153480,153482],{},[18,153481,36396],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[153,153484,153485,153487],{},[18,153486,52716],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[153,153489,1073,153490,153492],{},[18,153491,52716],{}," position itself is not included",[14,153494,197],{},[34,153496,153498],{"className":36,"code":153497,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[18,153499,153500,153528,153532],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,153501,153502,153504,153506,153508,153510,153512,153514,153516,153518,153520,153522,153524,153526],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,153503,4144],{"class":207},[43,153505,212],{"class":211},[43,153507,9552],{"class":53},[43,153509,64],{"class":63},[43,153511,800],{"class":53},[43,153513,6331],{"class":63},[43,153515,800],{"class":53},[43,153517,4929],{"class":63},[43,153519,800],{"class":53},[43,153521,8115],{"class":63},[43,153523,800],{"class":53},[43,153525,4929],{"class":63},[43,153527,227],{"class":53},[43,153529,153530],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,153531,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,153533,153534,153536,153538,153540,153542,153544,153546,153548,153550,153552,153554,153556],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,153535,50],{"class":49},[43,153537,54],{"class":53},[43,153539,5683],{"class":236},[43,153541,315],{"class":53},[43,153543,36169],{"class":236},[43,153545,54],{"class":53},[43,153547,64],{"class":63},[43,153549,800],{"class":53},[43,153551,5823],{"class":63},[43,153553,800],{"class":53},[43,153555,2789],{"class":63},[43,153557,67],{"class":53},[14,153559,110],{},[34,153561,153562],{"className":36,"code":17379,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,153563,153564],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,153565,153566],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,153567,17379],{"class":63},[14,153569,153570,153571,2534,153573,17395,153575,153577,153578,315],{},"Python searches positions ",[18,153572,797],{},[18,153574,447],{},[18,153576,2409],{},", but not ",[18,153579,2835],{},[29,153581,153583],{"id":153582},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[14,153585,153586,153587,325],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[18,153588,149253],{},[150,153590,153591,153599,153604,153611],{},[153,153592,153593,153594,153596,153597],{},"Do not confuse the ",[913,153595,307],{}," with the ",[913,153598,36169],{},[153,153600,153601,153602],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[18,153603,2466],{},[153,153605,133,153606,153610],{},[189,153607,149279,153608,11055],{"href":149331},[18,153609,57347],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[153,153612,153613,153614,153616],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[18,153615,153143],{}," when you already know the position",[14,153618,153619],{},"Example of value vs index:",[34,153621,153623],{"className":36,"code":153622,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[18,153624,153625,153657,153661,153685],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,153626,153627,153629,153631,153633,153635,153637,153639,153641,153643,153645,153647,153649,153651,153653,153655],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,153628,36563],{"class":207},[43,153630,212],{"class":211},[43,153632,9552],{"class":53},[43,153634,82],{"class":81},[43,153636,4401],{"class":85},[43,153638,82],{"class":81},[43,153640,800],{"class":53},[43,153642,932],{"class":81},[43,153644,4410],{"class":85},[43,153646,82],{"class":81},[43,153648,800],{"class":53},[43,153650,932],{"class":81},[43,153652,33543],{"class":85},[43,153654,82],{"class":81},[43,153656,227],{"class":53},[43,153658,153659],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,153660,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,153662,153663,153665,153667,153669,153671,153673,153675,153677,153679,153681,153683],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,153664,50],{"class":49},[43,153666,54],{"class":53},[43,153668,36615],{"class":236},[43,153670,315],{"class":53},[43,153672,36169],{"class":236},[43,153674,54],{"class":53},[43,153676,82],{"class":81},[43,153678,4410],{"class":85},[43,153680,82],{"class":81},[43,153682,5686],{"class":53},[43,153684,28104],{"class":3984},[43,153686,153687,153689,153691,153693,153695,153697,153699],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,153688,50],{"class":49},[43,153690,54],{"class":53},[43,153692,36615],{"class":236},[43,153694,4221],{"class":53},[43,153696,797],{"class":63},[43,153698,20769],{"class":53},[43,153700,153701],{"class":3984},"               # banana\n",[14,153703,2524],{},[150,153705,153706,153710],{},[153,153707,153708,15568],{},[18,153709,65333],{},[153,153711,153712,153714],{},[18,153713,797],{}," is the index",[29,153716,3160],{"id":3159},[14,153718,106177,153719,325],{},[18,153720,149253],{},[150,153722,153723,153726,153731,153736,153743],{},[153,153724,153725],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[153,153727,8773,153728,153730],{},[18,153729,59025],{}," to return all matching positions",[153,153732,153733,153734],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[18,153735,2466],{},[153,153737,153738,153739,895,153741],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[18,153740,36396],{},[18,153742,52716],{},[153,153744,37529,153745,153747],{},[18,153746,149253],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[402,153749,60768],{"id":60767},[14,153751,94439],{},[34,153753,153755],{"className":36,"code":153754,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[18,153756,153757,153767,153781,153796,153814],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,153758,153759,153761,153763,153765],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,153760,50],{"class":49},[43,153762,54],{"class":53},[43,153764,148066],{"class":236},[43,153766,227],{"class":53},[43,153768,153769,153771,153773,153775,153777,153779],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,153770,50],{"class":49},[43,153772,54],{"class":53},[43,153774,11477],{"class":49},[43,153776,54],{"class":53},[43,153778,148066],{"class":236},[43,153780,67],{"class":53},[43,153782,153783,153785,153787,153789,153791,153794],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,153784,50],{"class":49},[43,153786,54],{"class":53},[43,153788,1589],{"class":236},[43,153790,4203],{"class":1927},[43,153792,153793],{"class":236}," my_tuple",[43,153795,227],{"class":53},[43,153797,153798,153800,153802,153804,153806,153808,153810,153812],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,153799,50],{"class":49},[43,153801,54],{"class":53},[43,153803,148066],{"class":236},[43,153805,315],{"class":53},[43,153807,1291],{"class":236},[43,153809,54],{"class":53},[43,153811,307],{"class":236},[43,153813,67],{"class":53},[43,153815,153816,153818,153820,153822,153824,153826,153828,153830],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,153817,50],{"class":49},[43,153819,54],{"class":53},[43,153821,148066],{"class":236},[43,153823,315],{"class":53},[43,153825,36169],{"class":236},[43,153827,54],{"class":53},[43,153829,307],{"class":236},[43,153831,67],{"class":53},[14,153833,153834,153835,84456,153837,153839],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[18,153836,690],{},[18,153838,307],{}," is missing.",[14,153841,129683],{},[34,153843,153845],{"className":36,"code":153844,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[18,153846,153847,153859,153877,153883],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,153848,153849,153851,153853,153855,153857],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,153850,7323],{"class":1927},[43,153852,21907],{"class":207},[43,153854,4203],{"class":211},[43,153856,153793],{"class":207},[43,153858,1931],{"class":53},[43,153860,153861,153863,153865,153867,153869,153871,153873,153875],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,153862,1951],{"class":49},[43,153864,54],{"class":53},[43,153866,148066],{"class":236},[43,153868,315],{"class":53},[43,153870,36169],{"class":236},[43,153872,54],{"class":53},[43,153874,307],{"class":236},[43,153876,67],{"class":53},[43,153878,153879,153881],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,153880,27758],{"class":1927},[43,153882,1931],{"class":53},[43,153884,153885,153887,153889,153891,153893,153895],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,153886,1951],{"class":49},[43,153888,54],{"class":53},[43,153890,82],{"class":81},[43,153892,153318],{"class":85},[43,153894,82],{"class":81},[43,153896,227],{"class":53},[29,153898,2162],{"id":2161},[402,153900,5466,153902,13035],{"id":153901},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[18,153903,149253],{},[14,153905,153906],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[402,153908,153910],{"id":153909},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[14,153912,153913,152780],{},[18,153914,149253],{},[402,153916,149232],{"id":149231},[14,153918,76917,153919,315],{},[18,153920,690],{},[402,153922,153924],{"id":153923},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[14,153926,153927,153928,895,153930,153932],{},"Yes. You can use ",[18,153929,36396],{},[18,153931,52716],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[402,153934,15225,153936,57262,153938,2822],{"id":153935},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[18,153937,149253],{},[18,153939,64924],{},[14,153941,153942],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[29,153944,2229],{"id":2228},[150,153946,153947,153953,153957,153962,153966],{},[153,153948,153949],{},[189,153950,149279,153951,11055],{"href":149331},[18,153952,57347],{},[153,153954,153955],{},[189,153956,149721],{"href":153147},[153,153958,153959],{},[189,153960,153961],{"href":151027},"Creating a tuple in Python",[153,153963,153964],{},[189,153965,65898],{"href":65897},[153,153967,153968],{},[189,153969,150975],{"href":152785},[2262,153971,153972],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290,"children":153979},[153980],{"id":17717,"depth":93,"text":17718},{"id":103438,"depth":70,"text":103439},{"id":153122,"depth":70,"text":153123},{"id":65688,"depth":70,"text":65689},{"id":65465,"depth":70,"text":66248,"children":153985},[153986],{"id":153474,"depth":93,"text":153475},{"id":153582,"depth":70,"text":153583},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160,"children":153989},[153990],{"id":60767,"depth":93,"text":60768},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":153992},[153993,153995,153996,153997,153998],{"id":153901,"depth":93,"text":153994},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153909,"depth":93,"text":153910},{"id":149231,"depth":93,"text":149232},{"id":153923,"depth":93,"text":153924},{"id":153935,"depth":93,"text":153999},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152587,"description":154001},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":154008,"title":154009,"body":154010,"description":155405,"extension":2312,"meta":155406,"navigation":958,"path":153147,"seo":155407,"stem":155408,"__hash__":155409},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":154011,"toc":155387},[154012,154015,154018,154021,154035,154037,154040,154134,154144,154150,154154,154157,154160,154162,154180,154182,154253,154255,154272,154276,154280,154283,154300,154303,154318,154320,154411,154414,154418,154421,154438,154440,154535,154538,154541,154545,154548,154642,154644,154663,154666,154670,154673,154675,154730,154732,154767,154770,154784,154792,154885,154894,154898,154901,154908,154911,154958,154960,154968,154971,155022,155024,155041,155046,155050,155053,155056,155058,155109,155112,155167,155170,155173,155175,155178,155198,155200,155273,155276,155289,155291,155295,155300,155304,155309,155326,155330,155333,155350,155354,155357,155359,155384],[10,154013,154009],{"id":154014},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[14,154016,154017],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[14,154019,154020],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[150,154022,154023,154026,154029,154032],{},[153,154024,154025],{},"positive indexes",[153,154027,154028],{},"negative indexes",[153,154030,154031],{},"common indexing mistakes",[153,154033,154034],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[29,154036,3927],{"id":3926},[14,154038,154039],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[34,154041,154043],{"className":36,"code":154042,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[18,154044,154045,154077,154081,154098,154115],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,154046,154047,154049,154051,154053,154055,154057,154059,154061,154063,154065,154067,154069,154071,154073,154075],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,154048,13396],{"class":207},[43,154050,212],{"class":211},[43,154052,9552],{"class":53},[43,154054,82],{"class":81},[43,154056,13413],{"class":85},[43,154058,82],{"class":81},[43,154060,800],{"class":53},[43,154062,932],{"class":81},[43,154064,17777],{"class":85},[43,154066,82],{"class":81},[43,154068,800],{"class":53},[43,154070,932],{"class":81},[43,154072,13430],{"class":85},[43,154074,82],{"class":81},[43,154076,227],{"class":53},[43,154078,154079],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,154080,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,154082,154083,154085,154087,154089,154091,154093,154095],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,154084,50],{"class":49},[43,154086,54],{"class":53},[43,154088,17824],{"class":236},[43,154090,4221],{"class":53},[43,154092,2466],{"class":63},[43,154094,20769],{"class":53},[43,154096,154097],{"class":3984},"   # red\n",[43,154099,154100,154102,154104,154106,154108,154110,154112],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,154101,50],{"class":49},[43,154103,54],{"class":53},[43,154105,17824],{"class":236},[43,154107,4221],{"class":53},[43,154109,797],{"class":63},[43,154111,20769],{"class":53},[43,154113,154114],{"class":3984},"   # green\n",[43,154116,154117,154119,154121,154123,154125,154127,154129,154131],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,154118,50],{"class":49},[43,154120,54],{"class":53},[43,154122,17824],{"class":236},[43,154124,4221],{"class":53},[43,154126,444],{"class":211},[43,154128,797],{"class":63},[43,154130,20769],{"class":53},[43,154132,154133],{"class":3984},"  # blue\n",[150,154135,154136,154141],{},[153,154137,132472,154138,154140],{},[18,154139,2466],{}," is the first item.",[153,154142,154143],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[14,154145,154146,154147,315],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[189,154148,154149],{"href":148051},"how to create a tuple in Python",[29,154151,154153],{"id":154152},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[14,154155,154156],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[14,154158,154159],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[14,154161,11775],{},[150,154163,154164,154167,154174,154177],{},[153,154165,154166],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[153,154168,154169,154170,19286,154172],{},"Python starts counting at ",[18,154171,2466],{},[18,154173,797],{},[153,154175,154176],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[153,154178,154179],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[14,154181,197],{},[34,154183,154185],{"className":36,"code":154184,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,154186,154187,154207,154211,154225,154239],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,154188,154189,154191,154193,154195,154197,154199,154201,154203,154205],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,154190,3937],{"class":207},[43,154192,212],{"class":211},[43,154194,9552],{"class":53},[43,154196,512],{"class":63},[43,154198,800],{"class":53},[43,154200,8115],{"class":63},[43,154202,800],{"class":53},[43,154204,8120],{"class":63},[43,154206,227],{"class":53},[43,154208,154209],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,154210,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,154212,154213,154215,154217,154219,154221,154223],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,154214,50],{"class":49},[43,154216,54],{"class":53},[43,154218,3969],{"class":236},[43,154220,4221],{"class":53},[43,154222,2466],{"class":63},[43,154224,4209],{"class":53},[43,154226,154227,154229,154231,154233,154235,154237],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,154228,50],{"class":49},[43,154230,54],{"class":53},[43,154232,3969],{"class":236},[43,154234,4221],{"class":53},[43,154236,797],{"class":63},[43,154238,4209],{"class":53},[43,154240,154241,154243,154245,154247,154249,154251],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,154242,50],{"class":49},[43,154244,54],{"class":53},[43,154246,3969],{"class":236},[43,154248,4221],{"class":53},[43,154250,447],{"class":63},[43,154252,4209],{"class":53},[14,154254,110],{},[34,154256,154258],{"className":36,"code":154257,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"10\n20\n30\n",[18,154259,154260,154264,154268],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,154261,154262],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,154263,2084],{"class":63},[43,154265,154266],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,154267,71283],{"class":63},[43,154269,154270],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,154271,69899],{"class":63},[14,154273,59450,154274,315],{},[189,154275,148048],{"href":148047},[29,154277,154279],{"id":154278},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[14,154281,154282],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[150,154284,154285,154290,154295],{},[153,154286,154287,154289],{},[18,154288,2466],{}," = first item",[153,154291,154292,154294],{},[18,154293,797],{}," = second item",[153,154296,154297,154299],{},[18,154298,447],{}," = third item",[14,154301,154302],{},"Pattern:",[34,154304,154306],{"className":36,"code":154305,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"tuple_name[index]\n",[18,154307,154308],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,154309,154310,154312,154314,154316],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,154311,152803],{"class":207},[43,154313,4221],{"class":53},[43,154315,36169],{"class":207},[43,154317,3955],{"class":53},[14,154319,197],{},[34,154321,154323],{"className":36,"code":154322,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[18,154324,154325,154357,154361,154378,154394],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,154326,154327,154329,154331,154333,154335,154337,154339,154341,154343,154345,154347,154349,154351,154353,154355],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,154328,36563],{"class":207},[43,154330,212],{"class":211},[43,154332,9552],{"class":53},[43,154334,82],{"class":81},[43,154336,4401],{"class":85},[43,154338,82],{"class":81},[43,154340,800],{"class":53},[43,154342,932],{"class":81},[43,154344,4410],{"class":85},[43,154346,82],{"class":81},[43,154348,800],{"class":53},[43,154350,932],{"class":81},[43,154352,4419],{"class":85},[43,154354,82],{"class":81},[43,154356,227],{"class":53},[43,154358,154359],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,154360,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,154362,154363,154365,154367,154369,154371,154373,154375],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,154364,50],{"class":49},[43,154366,54],{"class":53},[43,154368,36615],{"class":236},[43,154370,4221],{"class":53},[43,154372,2466],{"class":63},[43,154374,20769],{"class":53},[43,154376,154377],{"class":3984},"  # apple\n",[43,154379,154380,154382,154384,154386,154388,154390,154392],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,154381,50],{"class":49},[43,154383,54],{"class":53},[43,154385,36615],{"class":236},[43,154387,4221],{"class":53},[43,154389,797],{"class":63},[43,154391,20769],{"class":53},[43,154393,51541],{"class":3984},[43,154395,154396,154398,154400,154402,154404,154406,154408],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,154397,50],{"class":49},[43,154399,54],{"class":53},[43,154401,36615],{"class":236},[43,154403,4221],{"class":53},[43,154405,447],{"class":63},[43,154407,20769],{"class":53},[43,154409,154410],{"class":3984},"  # cherry\n",[14,154412,154413],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[29,154415,154417],{"id":154416},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[14,154419,154420],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[150,154422,154423,154428,154433],{},[153,154424,154425,154427],{},[18,154426,65913],{}," = last item",[153,154429,154430,154432],{},[18,154431,95469],{}," = second-to-last item",[153,154434,154435,154437],{},[18,154436,47724],{}," = third-to-last item",[14,154439,197],{},[34,154441,154443],{"className":36,"code":154442,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[18,154444,154445,154477,154481,154499,154517],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,154446,154447,154449,154451,154453,154455,154457,154459,154461,154463,154465,154467,154469,154471,154473,154475],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,154448,36563],{"class":207},[43,154450,212],{"class":211},[43,154452,9552],{"class":53},[43,154454,82],{"class":81},[43,154456,4401],{"class":85},[43,154458,82],{"class":81},[43,154460,800],{"class":53},[43,154462,932],{"class":81},[43,154464,4410],{"class":85},[43,154466,82],{"class":81},[43,154468,800],{"class":53},[43,154470,932],{"class":81},[43,154472,4419],{"class":85},[43,154474,82],{"class":81},[43,154476,227],{"class":53},[43,154478,154479],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,154480,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,154482,154483,154485,154487,154489,154491,154493,154495,154497],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,154484,50],{"class":49},[43,154486,54],{"class":53},[43,154488,36615],{"class":236},[43,154490,4221],{"class":53},[43,154492,444],{"class":211},[43,154494,797],{"class":63},[43,154496,20769],{"class":53},[43,154498,154410],{"class":3984},[43,154500,154501,154503,154505,154507,154509,154511,154513,154515],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,154502,50],{"class":49},[43,154504,54],{"class":53},[43,154506,36615],{"class":236},[43,154508,4221],{"class":53},[43,154510,444],{"class":211},[43,154512,447],{"class":63},[43,154514,20769],{"class":53},[43,154516,51541],{"class":3984},[43,154518,154519,154521,154523,154525,154527,154529,154531,154533],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,154520,50],{"class":49},[43,154522,54],{"class":53},[43,154524,36615],{"class":236},[43,154526,4221],{"class":53},[43,154528,444],{"class":211},[43,154530,2409],{"class":63},[43,154532,20769],{"class":53},[43,154534,154377],{"class":3984},[14,154536,154537],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[14,154539,154540],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[29,154542,154544],{"id":154543},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[14,154546,154547],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[34,154549,154551],{"className":36,"code":154550,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[18,154552,154553,154585,154589,154606,154623],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,154554,154555,154557,154559,154561,154563,154565,154567,154569,154571,154573,154575,154577,154579,154581,154583],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,154556,5318],{"class":207},[43,154558,212],{"class":211},[43,154560,9552],{"class":53},[43,154562,82],{"class":81},[43,154564,13200],{"class":85},[43,154566,82],{"class":81},[43,154568,800],{"class":53},[43,154570,932],{"class":81},[43,154572,36264],{"class":85},[43,154574,82],{"class":81},[43,154576,800],{"class":53},[43,154578,932],{"class":81},[43,154580,36273],{"class":85},[43,154582,82],{"class":81},[43,154584,227],{"class":53},[43,154586,154587],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,154588,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,154590,154591,154593,154595,154597,154599,154601,154603],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,154592,50],{"class":49},[43,154594,54],{"class":53},[43,154596,5362],{"class":236},[43,154598,4221],{"class":53},[43,154600,2466],{"class":63},[43,154602,20769],{"class":53},[43,154604,154605],{"class":3984},"   # first item\n",[43,154607,154608,154610,154612,154614,154616,154618,154620],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,154609,50],{"class":49},[43,154611,54],{"class":53},[43,154613,5362],{"class":236},[43,154615,4221],{"class":53},[43,154617,797],{"class":63},[43,154619,20769],{"class":53},[43,154621,154622],{"class":3984},"   # middle item\n",[43,154624,154625,154627,154629,154631,154633,154635,154637,154639],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,154626,50],{"class":49},[43,154628,54],{"class":53},[43,154630,5362],{"class":236},[43,154632,4221],{"class":53},[43,154634,444],{"class":211},[43,154636,797],{"class":63},[43,154638,20769],{"class":53},[43,154640,154641],{"class":3984},"  # last item\n",[14,154643,110],{},[34,154645,154647],{"className":36,"code":154646,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[18,154648,154649,154653,154658],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,154650,154651],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,154652,50094],{"class":207},[43,154654,154655],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,154656,154657],{"class":207},"Ben\n",[43,154659,154660],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,154661,154662],{"class":207},"Cara\n",[14,154664,154665],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[29,154667,154669],{"id":154668},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[14,154671,154672],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[14,154674,197],{},[34,154676,154678],{"className":36,"code":154677,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[18,154679,154680,154712,154716],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,154681,154682,154684,154686,154688,154690,154692,154694,154696,154698,154700,154702,154704,154706,154708,154710],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,154683,36414],{"class":207},[43,154685,212],{"class":211},[43,154687,9552],{"class":53},[43,154689,82],{"class":81},[43,154691,189],{"class":85},[43,154693,82],{"class":81},[43,154695,800],{"class":53},[43,154697,932],{"class":81},[43,154699,1231],{"class":85},[43,154701,82],{"class":81},[43,154703,800],{"class":53},[43,154705,932],{"class":81},[43,154707,10055],{"class":85},[43,154709,82],{"class":81},[43,154711,227],{"class":53},[43,154713,154714],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,154715,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,154717,154718,154720,154722,154724,154726,154728],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,154719,50],{"class":49},[43,154721,54],{"class":53},[43,154723,36467],{"class":236},[43,154725,4221],{"class":53},[43,154727,64],{"class":63},[43,154729,4209],{"class":53},[14,154731,110],{},[34,154733,154735],{"className":36,"code":154734,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[18,154736,154737,154749,154754],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,154738,154739,154742,154744,154747],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,154740,154741],{"class":236},"Traceback ",[43,154743,54],{"class":53},[43,154745,154746],{"class":236},"most recent call last",[43,154748,8662],{"class":53},[43,154750,154751],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,154752,154753],{"class":34776},"  ...\n",[43,154755,154756,154758,154760,154762,154765],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,154757,70790],{"class":57},[43,154759,325],{"class":53},[43,154761,149414],{"class":57},[43,154763,154764],{"class":207}," index out of ",[43,154766,70982],{"class":49},[14,154768,154769],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[150,154771,154772,154776,154780],{},[153,154773,154774],{},[18,154775,2466],{},[153,154777,154778],{},[18,154779,797],{},[153,154781,154782],{},[18,154783,447],{},[14,154785,154786,154787,315],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[189,154788,154789,154791],{"href":149286},[18,154790,42412],{}," on a tuple",[34,154793,154795],{"className":36,"code":154794,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[18,154796,154797,154829,154833,154849,154853,154871],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,154798,154799,154801,154803,154805,154807,154809,154811,154813,154815,154817,154819,154821,154823,154825,154827],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,154800,36414],{"class":207},[43,154802,212],{"class":211},[43,154804,9552],{"class":53},[43,154806,82],{"class":81},[43,154808,189],{"class":85},[43,154810,82],{"class":81},[43,154812,800],{"class":53},[43,154814,932],{"class":81},[43,154816,1231],{"class":85},[43,154818,82],{"class":81},[43,154820,800],{"class":53},[43,154822,932],{"class":81},[43,154824,10055],{"class":85},[43,154826,82],{"class":81},[43,154828,227],{"class":53},[43,154830,154831],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,154832,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,154834,154835,154837,154839,154841,154843,154845,154847],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,154836,50],{"class":49},[43,154838,54],{"class":53},[43,154840,11477],{"class":49},[43,154842,54],{"class":53},[43,154844,36467],{"class":236},[43,154846,5686],{"class":53},[43,154848,50825],{"class":3984},[43,154850,154851],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,154852,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,154854,154855,154857,154859,154861,154863,154865,154867,154869],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,154856,7323],{"class":1927},[43,154858,38712],{"class":49},[43,154860,54],{"class":53},[43,154862,36467],{"class":236},[43,154864,1221],{"class":53},[43,154866,38722],{"class":211},[43,154868,803],{"class":63},[43,154870,1931],{"class":53},[43,154872,154873,154875,154877,154879,154881,154883],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,154874,1951],{"class":49},[43,154876,54],{"class":53},[43,154878,36467],{"class":236},[43,154880,4221],{"class":53},[43,154882,447],{"class":63},[43,154884,4209],{"class":53},[14,154886,154887,154888,315],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[189,154889,26003,154891],{"href":154890},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[18,154892,154893],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[29,154895,154897],{"id":154896},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[14,154899,154900],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[150,154902,154903,154905],{},[153,154904,76934],{},[153,154906,154907],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[14,154909,154910],{},"Indexing example:",[34,154912,154914],{"className":36,"code":154913,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[18,154915,154916,154940,154944],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,154917,154918,154920,154922,154924,154926,154928,154930,154932,154934,154936,154938],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,154919,3937],{"class":207},[43,154921,212],{"class":211},[43,154923,9552],{"class":53},[43,154925,512],{"class":63},[43,154927,800],{"class":53},[43,154929,8115],{"class":63},[43,154931,800],{"class":53},[43,154933,8120],{"class":63},[43,154935,800],{"class":53},[43,154937,50898],{"class":63},[43,154939,227],{"class":53},[43,154941,154942],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,154943,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,154945,154946,154948,154950,154952,154954,154956],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,154947,50],{"class":49},[43,154949,54],{"class":53},[43,154951,3969],{"class":236},[43,154953,4221],{"class":53},[43,154955,797],{"class":63},[43,154957,4209],{"class":53},[14,154959,110],{},[34,154961,154962],{"className":36,"code":71283,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,154963,154964],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,154965,154966],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,154967,71283],{"class":63},[14,154969,154970],{},"Slicing example:",[34,154972,154974],{"className":36,"code":154973,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[18,154975,154976,155000,155004],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,154977,154978,154980,154982,154984,154986,154988,154990,154992,154994,154996,154998],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,154979,3937],{"class":207},[43,154981,212],{"class":211},[43,154983,9552],{"class":53},[43,154985,512],{"class":63},[43,154987,800],{"class":53},[43,154989,8115],{"class":63},[43,154991,800],{"class":53},[43,154993,8120],{"class":63},[43,154995,800],{"class":53},[43,154997,50898],{"class":63},[43,154999,227],{"class":53},[43,155001,155002],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,155003,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,155005,155006,155008,155010,155012,155014,155016,155018,155020],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,155007,50],{"class":49},[43,155009,54],{"class":53},[43,155011,3969],{"class":236},[43,155013,4221],{"class":53},[43,155015,797],{"class":63},[43,155017,325],{"class":53},[43,155019,2409],{"class":63},[43,155021,4209],{"class":53},[14,155023,110],{},[34,155025,155027],{"className":36,"code":155026,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(20, 30)\n",[18,155028,155029],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155030,155031,155033,155035,155037,155039],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155032,54],{"class":53},[43,155034,16076],{"class":63},[43,155036,800],{"class":53},[43,155038,8120],{"class":63},[43,155040,227],{"class":53},[14,155042,155043,155044,315],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[189,155045,150965],{"href":150964},[29,155047,155049],{"id":155048},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[14,155051,155052],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[14,155054,155055],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[14,155057,7013],{},[34,155059,155061],{"className":36,"code":155060,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[18,155062,155063,155095],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155064,155065,155067,155069,155071,155073,155075,155077,155079,155081,155083,155085,155087,155089,155091,155093],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155066,13396],{"class":207},[43,155068,212],{"class":211},[43,155070,9552],{"class":53},[43,155072,82],{"class":81},[43,155074,13413],{"class":85},[43,155076,82],{"class":81},[43,155078,800],{"class":53},[43,155080,932],{"class":81},[43,155082,17777],{"class":85},[43,155084,82],{"class":81},[43,155086,800],{"class":53},[43,155088,932],{"class":81},[43,155090,13430],{"class":85},[43,155092,82],{"class":81},[43,155094,227],{"class":53},[43,155096,155097,155099,155101,155103,155105,155107],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,155098,50],{"class":49},[43,155100,54],{"class":53},[43,155102,17824],{"class":236},[43,155104,4221],{"class":53},[43,155106,797],{"class":63},[43,155108,4209],{"class":53},[14,155110,155111],{},"But this does not work:",[34,155113,155115],{"className":36,"code":155114,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[18,155116,155117,155149],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155118,155119,155121,155123,155125,155127,155129,155131,155133,155135,155137,155139,155141,155143,155145,155147],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155120,13396],{"class":207},[43,155122,212],{"class":211},[43,155124,9552],{"class":53},[43,155126,82],{"class":81},[43,155128,13413],{"class":85},[43,155130,82],{"class":81},[43,155132,800],{"class":53},[43,155134,932],{"class":81},[43,155136,17777],{"class":85},[43,155138,82],{"class":81},[43,155140,800],{"class":53},[43,155142,932],{"class":81},[43,155144,13430],{"class":85},[43,155146,82],{"class":81},[43,155148,227],{"class":53},[43,155150,155151,155153,155155,155157,155159,155161,155163,155165],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,155152,17824],{"class":207},[43,155154,4221],{"class":53},[43,155156,797],{"class":63},[43,155158,13594],{"class":53},[43,155160,13597],{"class":211},[43,155162,932],{"class":81},[43,155164,22847],{"class":85},[43,155166,938],{"class":81},[14,155168,155169],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[14,155171,155172],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[29,155174,3160],{"id":3159},[14,155176,155177],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[150,155179,155180,155186,155189,155192],{},[153,155181,132776,155182,11407,155184],{},[18,155183,797],{},[18,155185,2466],{},[153,155187,155188],{},"Using an index that is too large",[153,155190,155191],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[153,155193,155194,155195],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[18,155196,155197],{},"tuple[index]",[14,155199,62353],{},[34,155201,155203],{"className":36,"code":155202,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[18,155204,155205,155215,155229,155243,155259],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155206,155207,155209,155211,155213],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155208,50],{"class":49},[43,155210,54],{"class":53},[43,155212,148066],{"class":236},[43,155214,227],{"class":53},[43,155216,155217,155219,155221,155223,155225,155227],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,155218,50],{"class":49},[43,155220,54],{"class":53},[43,155222,11477],{"class":49},[43,155224,54],{"class":53},[43,155226,148066],{"class":236},[43,155228,67],{"class":53},[43,155230,155231,155233,155235,155237,155239,155241],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,155232,50],{"class":49},[43,155234,54],{"class":53},[43,155236,148066],{"class":236},[43,155238,4221],{"class":53},[43,155240,2466],{"class":63},[43,155242,4209],{"class":53},[43,155244,155245,155247,155249,155251,155253,155255,155257],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,155246,50],{"class":49},[43,155248,54],{"class":53},[43,155250,148066],{"class":236},[43,155252,4221],{"class":53},[43,155254,444],{"class":211},[43,155256,797],{"class":63},[43,155258,4209],{"class":53},[43,155260,155261,155263,155265,155267,155269,155271],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,155262,50],{"class":49},[43,155264,54],{"class":53},[43,155266,248],{"class":57},[43,155268,54],{"class":53},[43,155270,148066],{"class":236},[43,155272,67],{"class":53},[14,155274,155275],{},"These can help you confirm:",[150,155277,155278,155281,155283,155286],{},[153,155279,155280],{},"what the tuple contains",[153,155282,60842],{},[153,155284,155285],{},"what the first and last items are",[153,155287,155288],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[29,155290,2162],{"id":2161},[402,155292,155294],{"id":155293},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[14,155296,155297,155298,315],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[18,155299,2466],{},[402,155301,155303],{"id":155302},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[14,155305,133,155306,155308],{},[18,155307,65913],{}," as the index:",[34,155310,155312],{"className":36,"code":155311,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[18,155313,155314],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155315,155316,155318,155320,155322,155324],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155317,148066],{"class":207},[43,155319,4221],{"class":53},[43,155321,444],{"class":211},[43,155323,797],{"class":63},[43,155325,3955],{"class":53},[402,155327,155329],{"id":155328},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[14,155331,155332],{},"Python raises:",[34,155334,155336],{"className":36,"code":155335,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[18,155337,155338],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155339,155340,155342,155344,155346,155348],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155341,70790],{"class":57},[43,155343,325],{"class":53},[43,155345,149414],{"class":57},[43,155347,154764],{"class":207},[43,155349,70982],{"class":49},[402,155351,155353],{"id":155352},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[14,155355,155356],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[29,155358,2229],{"id":2228},[150,155360,155361,155366,155370,155374,155380],{},[153,155362,155363],{},[189,155364,155365],{"href":148051},"How to create a tuple in Python",[153,155367,155368],{},[189,155369,150965],{"href":150964},[153,155371,155372],{},[189,155373,150970],{"href":149286},[153,155375,155376],{},[189,155377,26446,155378],{"href":154890},[18,155379,154893],{},[153,155381,155382],{},[189,155383,148048],{"href":148047},[2262,155385,155386],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":155388},[155389,155390,155391,155392,155393,155394,155395,155396,155397,155398,155404],{"id":3926,"depth":70,"text":3927},{"id":154152,"depth":70,"text":154153},{"id":154278,"depth":70,"text":154279},{"id":154416,"depth":70,"text":154417},{"id":154543,"depth":70,"text":154544},{"id":154668,"depth":70,"text":154669},{"id":154896,"depth":70,"text":154897},{"id":155048,"depth":70,"text":155049},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":155399},[155400,155401,155402,155403],{"id":155293,"depth":93,"text":155294},{"id":155302,"depth":93,"text":155303},{"id":155328,"depth":93,"text":155329},{"id":155352,"depth":93,"text":155353},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":154009,"description":155405},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155411,"title":155412,"body":155413,"description":157302,"extension":2312,"meta":157303,"navigation":958,"path":157304,"seo":157305,"stem":157306,"__hash__":157307},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155414,"toc":157259},[155415,155421,155426,155477,155481,155489,155495,155497,155513,155515,155518,155533,155535,155548,155550,155607,155611,155619,155626,155632,155638,155642,155693,155697,155705,155709,155738,155742,155750,155754,155787,155791,155799,155803,155806,155857,155861,155869,155871,155888,155892,155896,155955,155959,155967,155970,155997,156001,156009,156013,156019,156094,156098,156135,156143,156147,156210,156214,156222,156227,156231,156237,156280,156284,156292,156298,156301,156348,156352,156360,156369,156375,156430,156434,156442,156445,156449,156451,156482,156486,156505,156508,156553,156557,156580,156586,156591,156593,156640,156645,156648,156696,156700,156708,156712,156717,156721,156771,156775,156790,156794,156852,156856,156871,156875,156946,156950,156959,156963,157042,157046,157068,157076,157078,157081,157106,157108,157161,157163,157180,157182,157186,157192,157197,157202,157206,157211,157215,157220,157226,157229,157231,157256],[10,155416,155418,155419,1221],{"id":155417},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[18,155420,11477],{},[14,155422,133,155423,155425],{},[18,155424,42412],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[34,155427,155429],{"className":36,"code":155428,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,155430,155431,155463],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155432,155433,155435,155437,155439,155441,155443,155445,155447,155449,155451,155453,155455,155457,155459,155461],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155434,13396],{"class":207},[43,155436,212],{"class":211},[43,155438,9552],{"class":53},[43,155440,82],{"class":81},[43,155442,13413],{"class":85},[43,155444,82],{"class":81},[43,155446,800],{"class":53},[43,155448,932],{"class":81},[43,155450,17777],{"class":85},[43,155452,82],{"class":81},[43,155454,800],{"class":53},[43,155456,932],{"class":81},[43,155458,13430],{"class":85},[43,155460,82],{"class":81},[43,155462,227],{"class":53},[43,155464,155465,155467,155469,155471,155473,155475],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,155466,50],{"class":49},[43,155468,54],{"class":53},[43,155470,11477],{"class":49},[43,155472,54],{"class":53},[43,155474,17824],{"class":236},[43,155476,67],{"class":53},[14,155478,155479],{},[913,155480,110],{},[34,155482,155483],{"className":36,"code":46670,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,155484,155485],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155486,155487],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155488,46670],{"class":63},[14,155490,133,155491,155494],{},[18,155492,155493],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[29,155496,15485],{"id":15484},[150,155498,155499,155504,155508,155511],{},[153,155500,4521,155501,155503],{},[18,155502,42412],{}," works with tuples",[153,155505,68317,155506,12023],{},[18,155507,42412],{},[153,155509,155510],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[153,155512,4842],{},[29,155514,290],{"id":289},[14,155516,155517],{},"Use this pattern:",[34,155519,155521],{"className":36,"code":155520,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"len(my_tuple)\n",[18,155522,155523],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155524,155525,155527,155529,155531],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155526,11477],{"class":49},[43,155528,54],{"class":53},[43,155530,148066],{"class":236},[43,155532,227],{"class":53},[14,155534,11775],{},[150,155536,155537,155540,155543],{},[153,155538,155539],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[153,155541,155542],{},"The result is an integer",[153,155544,155545,155547],{},[18,155546,42412],{}," does not change the tuple",[14,155549,197],{},[34,155551,155553],{"className":36,"code":155552,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[18,155554,155555,155579,155593,155597],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155556,155557,155559,155561,155563,155565,155567,155569,155571,155573,155575,155577],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155558,3937],{"class":207},[43,155560,212],{"class":211},[43,155562,9552],{"class":53},[43,155564,512],{"class":63},[43,155566,800],{"class":53},[43,155568,8115],{"class":63},[43,155570,800],{"class":53},[43,155572,8120],{"class":63},[43,155574,800],{"class":53},[43,155576,50898],{"class":63},[43,155578,227],{"class":53},[43,155580,155581,155583,155585,155587,155589,155591],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,155582,1272],{"class":207},[43,155584,212],{"class":211},[43,155586,38712],{"class":49},[43,155588,54],{"class":53},[43,155590,3969],{"class":236},[43,155592,227],{"class":53},[43,155594,155595],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,155596,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,155598,155599,155601,155603,155605],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,155600,50],{"class":49},[43,155602,54],{"class":53},[43,155604,1291],{"class":236},[43,155606,227],{"class":53},[14,155608,155609],{},[913,155610,110],{},[34,155612,155613],{"className":36,"code":48704,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,155614,155615],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155616,155617],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155618,48704],{"class":63},[14,155620,155621,155622,315],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[189,155623,3894,155624,3827],{"href":42409},[18,155625,42412],{},[29,155627,3998,155629,155631],{"id":155628},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[18,155630,42412],{}," returns for a tuple",[14,155633,155634,155635,155637],{},"For a tuple, ",[18,155636,42412],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[402,155639,155641],{"id":155640},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[34,155643,155645],{"className":36,"code":155644,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[18,155646,155647,155679],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155648,155649,155651,155653,155655,155657,155659,155661,155663,155665,155667,155669,155671,155673,155675,155677],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155650,36563],{"class":207},[43,155652,212],{"class":211},[43,155654,9552],{"class":53},[43,155656,82],{"class":81},[43,155658,4401],{"class":85},[43,155660,82],{"class":81},[43,155662,800],{"class":53},[43,155664,932],{"class":81},[43,155666,4410],{"class":85},[43,155668,82],{"class":81},[43,155670,800],{"class":53},[43,155672,932],{"class":81},[43,155674,33543],{"class":85},[43,155676,82],{"class":81},[43,155678,227],{"class":53},[43,155680,155681,155683,155685,155687,155689,155691],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,155682,50],{"class":49},[43,155684,54],{"class":53},[43,155686,11477],{"class":49},[43,155688,54],{"class":53},[43,155690,36615],{"class":236},[43,155692,67],{"class":53},[14,155694,155695],{},[913,155696,110],{},[34,155698,155699],{"className":36,"code":46670,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,155700,155701],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155702,155703],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155704,46670],{"class":63},[402,155706,155708],{"id":155707},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[34,155710,155712],{"className":36,"code":155711,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[18,155713,155714,155723],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155715,155716,155719,155721],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155717,155718],{"class":207},"empty_tuple ",[43,155720,212],{"class":211},[43,155722,149390],{"class":53},[43,155724,155725,155727,155729,155731,155733,155736],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,155726,50],{"class":49},[43,155728,54],{"class":53},[43,155730,11477],{"class":49},[43,155732,54],{"class":53},[43,155734,155735],{"class":236},"empty_tuple",[43,155737,67],{"class":53},[14,155739,155740],{},[913,155741,110],{},[34,155743,155744],{"className":36,"code":47305,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,155745,155746],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155747,155748],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155749,47305],{"class":63},[402,155751,155753],{"id":155752},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[34,155755,155757],{"className":36,"code":155756,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[18,155758,155759,155772],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155760,155761,155764,155766,155768,155770],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155762,155763],{"class":207},"single_value ",[43,155765,212],{"class":211},[43,155767,9552],{"class":53},[43,155769,64],{"class":63},[43,155771,149404],{"class":53},[43,155773,155774,155776,155778,155780,155782,155785],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,155775,50],{"class":49},[43,155777,54],{"class":53},[43,155779,11477],{"class":49},[43,155781,54],{"class":53},[43,155783,155784],{"class":236},"single_value",[43,155786,67],{"class":53},[14,155788,155789],{},[913,155790,110],{},[34,155792,155793],{"className":36,"code":46970,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,155794,155795],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155796,155797],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155798,46970],{"class":63},[402,155800,155802],{"id":155801},"nested-items","Nested items",[14,155804,155805],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[34,155807,155809],{"className":36,"code":155808,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[18,155810,155811,155843],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155812,155813,155815,155817,155819,155821,155823,155825,155827,155829,155831,155833,155835,155837,155839,155841],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155814,9481],{"class":207},[43,155816,212],{"class":211},[43,155818,9552],{"class":53},[43,155820,797],{"class":63},[43,155822,800],{"class":53},[43,155824,9552],{"class":53},[43,155826,447],{"class":63},[43,155828,800],{"class":53},[43,155830,808],{"class":63},[43,155832,9549],{"class":53},[43,155834,3942],{"class":53},[43,155836,2835],{"class":63},[43,155838,800],{"class":53},[43,155840,4929],{"class":63},[43,155842,4209],{"class":53},[43,155844,155845,155847,155849,155851,155853,155855],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,155846,50],{"class":49},[43,155848,54],{"class":53},[43,155850,11477],{"class":49},[43,155852,54],{"class":53},[43,155854,9520],{"class":236},[43,155856,67],{"class":53},[14,155858,155859],{},[913,155860,110],{},[34,155862,155863],{"className":36,"code":46670,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,155864,155865],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155866,155867],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155868,46670],{"class":63},[14,155870,20280],{},[150,155872,155873,155878,155883],{},[153,155874,155875,155877],{},[18,155876,797],{}," is one item",[153,155879,155880,155877],{},[18,155881,155882],{},"(2, 3)",[153,155884,155885,155877],{},[18,155886,155887],{},"[4, 5]",[29,155889,155891],{"id":155890},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[402,155893,155895],{"id":155894},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[34,155897,155899],{"className":36,"code":155898,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,155900,155901,155941],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155902,155903,155905,155907,155909,155911,155913,155915,155917,155919,155921,155923,155925,155927,155929,155931,155933,155935,155937,155939],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155904,13396],{"class":207},[43,155906,212],{"class":211},[43,155908,9552],{"class":53},[43,155910,82],{"class":81},[43,155912,13413],{"class":85},[43,155914,82],{"class":81},[43,155916,800],{"class":53},[43,155918,932],{"class":81},[43,155920,17777],{"class":85},[43,155922,82],{"class":81},[43,155924,800],{"class":53},[43,155926,932],{"class":81},[43,155928,13430],{"class":85},[43,155930,82],{"class":81},[43,155932,800],{"class":53},[43,155934,932],{"class":81},[43,155936,22847],{"class":85},[43,155938,82],{"class":81},[43,155940,227],{"class":53},[43,155942,155943,155945,155947,155949,155951,155953],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,155944,50],{"class":49},[43,155946,54],{"class":53},[43,155948,11477],{"class":49},[43,155950,54],{"class":53},[43,155952,17824],{"class":236},[43,155954,67],{"class":53},[14,155956,155957],{},[913,155958,110],{},[34,155960,155961],{"className":36,"code":48704,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,155962,155963],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155964,155965],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155966,48704],{"class":63},[402,155968,155708],{"id":155969},"empty-tuple-1",[34,155971,155973],{"className":36,"code":155972,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[18,155974,155975,155983],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,155976,155977,155979,155981],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,155978,8104],{"class":207},[43,155980,212],{"class":211},[43,155982,149390],{"class":53},[43,155984,155985,155987,155989,155991,155993,155995],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,155986,50],{"class":49},[43,155988,54],{"class":53},[43,155990,11477],{"class":49},[43,155992,54],{"class":53},[43,155994,8135],{"class":236},[43,155996,67],{"class":53},[14,155998,155999],{},[913,156000,110],{},[34,156002,156003],{"className":36,"code":47305,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,156004,156005],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156006,156007],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156008,47305],{"class":63},[402,156010,156012],{"id":156011},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[14,156014,156015,156016,156018],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[913,156017,734],{}," always a tuple.",[34,156020,156022],{"className":36,"code":156021,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[18,156023,156024,156036,156048,156052,156066,156080],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156025,156026,156028,156030,156032,156034],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156027,1178],{"class":207},[43,156029,212],{"class":211},[43,156031,9552],{"class":53},[43,156033,64],{"class":63},[43,156035,227],{"class":53},[43,156037,156038,156040,156042,156044,156046],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,156039,1192],{"class":207},[43,156041,212],{"class":211},[43,156043,9552],{"class":53},[43,156045,64],{"class":63},[43,156047,149404],{"class":53},[43,156049,156050],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,156051,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,156053,156054,156056,156058,156060,156062,156064],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,156055,50],{"class":49},[43,156057,54],{"class":53},[43,156059,248],{"class":57},[43,156061,54],{"class":53},[43,156063,189],{"class":236},[43,156065,67],{"class":53},[43,156067,156068,156070,156072,156074,156076,156078],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,156069,50],{"class":49},[43,156071,54],{"class":53},[43,156073,248],{"class":57},[43,156075,54],{"class":53},[43,156077,1231],{"class":236},[43,156079,67],{"class":53},[43,156081,156082,156084,156086,156088,156090,156092],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,156083,50],{"class":49},[43,156085,54],{"class":53},[43,156087,11477],{"class":49},[43,156089,54],{"class":53},[43,156091,1231],{"class":236},[43,156093,67],{"class":53},[14,156095,156096],{},[913,156097,110],{},[34,156099,156101],{"className":36,"code":156100,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[18,156102,156103,156117,156131],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156104,156105,156107,156109,156111,156113,156115],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156106,271],{"class":211},[43,156108,275],{"class":274},[43,156110,278],{"class":81},[43,156112,2069],{"class":85},[43,156114,283],{"class":81},[43,156116,286],{"class":211},[43,156118,156119,156121,156123,156125,156127,156129],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,156120,271],{"class":211},[43,156122,275],{"class":274},[43,156124,278],{"class":81},[43,156126,49007],{"class":85},[43,156128,283],{"class":81},[43,156130,286],{"class":211},[43,156132,156133],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,156134,46970],{"class":63},[14,156136,156137,156138,895,156141,315],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[189,156139,156140],{"href":148051},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[189,156142,149352],{"href":149351},[402,156144,156146],{"id":156145},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[34,156148,156150],{"className":36,"code":156149,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[18,156151,156152,156196],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156153,156154,156156,156158,156160,156162,156164,156166,156168,156170,156172,156174,156176,156178,156180,156182,156184,156186,156188,156190,156192,156194],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156155,59530],{"class":207},[43,156157,212],{"class":211},[43,156159,9552],{"class":53},[43,156161,82],{"class":81},[43,156163,4401],{"class":85},[43,156165,82],{"class":81},[43,156167,800],{"class":53},[43,156169,3942],{"class":53},[43,156171,797],{"class":63},[43,156173,800],{"class":53},[43,156175,803],{"class":63},[43,156177,18384],{"class":53},[43,156179,9552],{"class":53},[43,156181,82],{"class":81},[43,156183,2519],{"class":85},[43,156185,82],{"class":81},[43,156187,800],{"class":53},[43,156189,932],{"class":81},[43,156191,12063],{"class":85},[43,156193,82],{"class":81},[43,156195,67],{"class":53},[43,156197,156198,156200,156202,156204,156206,156208],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,156199,50],{"class":49},[43,156201,54],{"class":53},[43,156203,11477],{"class":49},[43,156205,54],{"class":53},[43,156207,59583],{"class":236},[43,156209,67],{"class":53},[14,156211,156212],{},[913,156213,110],{},[34,156215,156216],{"className":36,"code":46670,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,156217,156218],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156219,156220],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156221,46670],{"class":63},[14,156223,156224,156226],{},[18,156225,42412],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[29,156228,156230],{"id":156229},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[402,156232,156234,156236],{"id":156233},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[18,156235,42412],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[34,156238,156240],{"className":36,"code":156239,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,156241,156242,156266],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156243,156244,156246,156248,156250,156252,156254,156256,156258,156260,156262,156264],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156245,4392],{"class":207},[43,156247,212],{"class":211},[43,156249,9552],{"class":53},[43,156251,82],{"class":81},[43,156253,63654],{"class":85},[43,156255,82],{"class":81},[43,156257,800],{"class":53},[43,156259,932],{"class":81},[43,156261,38],{"class":85},[43,156263,82],{"class":81},[43,156265,227],{"class":53},[43,156267,156268,156270,156272,156274,156276,156278],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,156269,50],{"class":49},[43,156271,54],{"class":53},[43,156273,11477],{"class":49},[43,156275,54],{"class":53},[43,156277,4436],{"class":236},[43,156279,67],{"class":53},[14,156281,156282],{},[913,156283,110],{},[34,156285,156286],{"className":36,"code":17379,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,156287,156288],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156289,156290],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156291,17379],{"class":63},[14,156293,156294,156295,156297],{},"This result is ",[18,156296,447],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[14,156299,156300],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[34,156302,156304],{"className":36,"code":156303,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[18,156305,156306,156330],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156307,156308,156310,156312,156314,156316,156318,156320,156322,156324,156326,156328],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156309,4392],{"class":207},[43,156311,212],{"class":211},[43,156313,9552],{"class":53},[43,156315,82],{"class":81},[43,156317,63654],{"class":85},[43,156319,82],{"class":81},[43,156321,800],{"class":53},[43,156323,932],{"class":81},[43,156325,38],{"class":85},[43,156327,82],{"class":81},[43,156329,227],{"class":53},[43,156331,156332,156334,156336,156338,156340,156342,156344,156346],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,156333,50],{"class":49},[43,156335,54],{"class":53},[43,156337,11477],{"class":49},[43,156339,54],{"class":53},[43,156341,4436],{"class":236},[43,156343,4221],{"class":53},[43,156345,2466],{"class":63},[43,156347,811],{"class":53},[14,156349,156350],{},[913,156351,110],{},[34,156353,156354],{"className":36,"code":17379,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,156355,156356],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156357,156358],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156359,17379],{"class":63},[14,156361,21094,156362,156365,156366,315],{},[18,156363,156364],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[18,156367,156368],{},"\"hi\"",[402,156370,156372,156374],{"id":156371},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[18,156373,42412],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[34,156376,156378],{"className":36,"code":156377,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[18,156379,156380,156416],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156381,156382,156384,156386,156388,156390,156392,156394,156396,156398,156400,156402,156404,156406,156408,156410,156412,156414],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156383,4144],{"class":207},[43,156385,212],{"class":211},[43,156387,10311],{"class":53},[43,156389,797],{"class":63},[43,156391,800],{"class":53},[43,156393,803],{"class":63},[43,156395,9549],{"class":53},[43,156397,9552],{"class":53},[43,156399,2409],{"class":63},[43,156401,800],{"class":53},[43,156403,2789],{"class":63},[43,156405,9549],{"class":53},[43,156407,9552],{"class":53},[43,156409,64],{"class":63},[43,156411,800],{"class":53},[43,156413,37969],{"class":63},[43,156415,67],{"class":53},[43,156417,156418,156420,156422,156424,156426,156428],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,156419,50],{"class":49},[43,156421,54],{"class":53},[43,156423,11477],{"class":49},[43,156425,54],{"class":53},[43,156427,5683],{"class":236},[43,156429,67],{"class":53},[14,156431,156432],{},[913,156433,110],{},[34,156435,156436],{"className":36,"code":46670,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,156437,156438],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156439,156440],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156441,46670],{"class":63},[14,156443,156444],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[402,156446,156448],{"id":156447},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[14,156450,26014],{},[34,156452,156454],{"className":36,"code":156453,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,156455,156456,156468],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156457,156458,156460,156462,156464,156466],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156459,1589],{"class":207},[43,156461,212],{"class":211},[43,156463,9552],{"class":53},[43,156465,512],{"class":63},[43,156467,227],{"class":53},[43,156469,156470,156472,156474,156476,156478,156480],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,156471,50],{"class":49},[43,156473,54],{"class":53},[43,156475,248],{"class":57},[43,156477,54],{"class":53},[43,156479,307],{"class":236},[43,156481,67],{"class":53},[14,156483,156484],{},[913,156485,110],{},[34,156487,156489],{"className":36,"code":156488,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,156490,156491],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156492,156493,156495,156497,156499,156501,156503],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156494,271],{"class":211},[43,156496,275],{"class":274},[43,156498,278],{"class":81},[43,156500,2069],{"class":85},[43,156502,283],{"class":81},[43,156504,286],{"class":211},[14,156506,156507],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[34,156509,156511],{"className":36,"code":156510,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[18,156512,156513,156525,156539],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156514,156515,156517,156519,156521,156523],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156516,1589],{"class":207},[43,156518,212],{"class":211},[43,156520,9552],{"class":53},[43,156522,512],{"class":63},[43,156524,149404],{"class":53},[43,156526,156527,156529,156531,156533,156535,156537],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,156528,50],{"class":49},[43,156530,54],{"class":53},[43,156532,248],{"class":57},[43,156534,54],{"class":53},[43,156536,307],{"class":236},[43,156538,67],{"class":53},[43,156540,156541,156543,156545,156547,156549,156551],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,156542,50],{"class":49},[43,156544,54],{"class":53},[43,156546,11477],{"class":49},[43,156548,54],{"class":53},[43,156550,307],{"class":236},[43,156552,67],{"class":53},[14,156554,156555],{},[913,156556,110],{},[34,156558,156560],{"className":36,"code":156559,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[18,156561,156562,156576],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156563,156564,156566,156568,156570,156572,156574],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156565,271],{"class":211},[43,156567,275],{"class":274},[43,156569,278],{"class":81},[43,156571,49007],{"class":85},[43,156573,283],{"class":81},[43,156575,286],{"class":211},[43,156577,156578],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,156579,46970],{"class":63},[402,156581,156583,156585],{"id":156582},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[18,156584,11477],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[14,156587,44481,156588,156590],{},[18,156589,11477],{}," as a variable name.",[14,156592,44512],{},[34,156594,156596],{"className":36,"code":156595,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,156597,156598,156606,156626],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156599,156600,156602,156604],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156601,11477],{"class":49},[43,156603,13597],{"class":211},[43,156605,2916],{"class":63},[43,156607,156608,156610,156612,156614,156616,156618,156620,156622,156624],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,156609,3937],{"class":207},[43,156611,212],{"class":211},[43,156613,9552],{"class":53},[43,156615,797],{"class":63},[43,156617,800],{"class":53},[43,156619,803],{"class":63},[43,156621,800],{"class":53},[43,156623,808],{"class":63},[43,156625,227],{"class":53},[43,156627,156628,156630,156632,156634,156636,156638],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,156629,50],{"class":49},[43,156631,54],{"class":53},[43,156633,11477],{"class":49},[43,156635,54],{"class":53},[43,156637,3969],{"class":236},[43,156639,67],{"class":53},[14,156641,39980,156642,156644],{},[18,156643,11477],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[14,156646,156647],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[34,156649,156651],{"className":36,"code":156650,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,156652,156653,156662,156682],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156654,156655,156658,156660],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156656,156657],{"class":207},"length_value ",[43,156659,212],{"class":211},[43,156661,2916],{"class":63},[43,156663,156664,156666,156668,156670,156672,156674,156676,156678,156680],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,156665,3937],{"class":207},[43,156667,212],{"class":211},[43,156669,9552],{"class":53},[43,156671,797],{"class":63},[43,156673,800],{"class":53},[43,156675,803],{"class":63},[43,156677,800],{"class":53},[43,156679,808],{"class":63},[43,156681,227],{"class":53},[43,156683,156684,156686,156688,156690,156692,156694],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,156685,50],{"class":49},[43,156687,54],{"class":53},[43,156689,11477],{"class":49},[43,156691,54],{"class":53},[43,156693,3969],{"class":236},[43,156695,67],{"class":53},[14,156697,156698],{},[913,156699,110],{},[34,156701,156702],{"className":36,"code":46670,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,156703,156704],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156705,156706],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156707,46670],{"class":63},[29,156709,156711],{"id":156710},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[14,156713,156714,156716],{},[18,156715,42412],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[402,156718,156720],{"id":156719},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[34,156722,156724],{"className":36,"code":156723,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[18,156725,156726,156734,156738,156756],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156727,156728,156730,156732],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156729,8104],{"class":207},[43,156731,212],{"class":211},[43,156733,149390],{"class":53},[43,156735,156736],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,156737,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,156739,156740,156742,156744,156746,156748,156750,156752,156754],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,156741,7323],{"class":1927},[43,156743,38712],{"class":49},[43,156745,54],{"class":53},[43,156747,8135],{"class":236},[43,156749,1221],{"class":53},[43,156751,6734],{"class":211},[43,156753,4155],{"class":63},[43,156755,1931],{"class":53},[43,156757,156758,156760,156762,156764,156767,156769],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,156759,1951],{"class":49},[43,156761,54],{"class":53},[43,156763,82],{"class":81},[43,156765,156766],{"class":85},"The tuple is empty",[43,156768,82],{"class":81},[43,156770,227],{"class":53},[14,156772,156773],{},[913,156774,110],{},[34,156776,156778],{"className":36,"code":156777,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"The tuple is empty\n",[18,156779,156780],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156781,156782,156784,156786,156788],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156783,1073],{"class":207},[43,156785,49007],{"class":57},[43,156787,8421],{"class":211},[43,156789,8426],{"class":207},[402,156791,156793],{"id":156792},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[34,156795,156797],{"className":36,"code":156796,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[18,156798,156799,156815,156819,156837],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156800,156801,156803,156805,156807,156809,156811,156813],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156802,51440],{"class":207},[43,156804,212],{"class":211},[43,156806,9552],{"class":53},[43,156808,2835],{"class":63},[43,156810,800],{"class":53},[43,156812,6320],{"class":63},[43,156814,227],{"class":53},[43,156816,156817],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,156818,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,156820,156821,156823,156825,156827,156829,156831,156833,156835],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,156822,7323],{"class":1927},[43,156824,38712],{"class":49},[43,156826,54],{"class":53},[43,156828,51465],{"class":236},[43,156830,1221],{"class":53},[43,156832,6734],{"class":211},[43,156834,803],{"class":63},[43,156836,1931],{"class":53},[43,156838,156839,156841,156843,156845,156848,156850],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,156840,1951],{"class":49},[43,156842,54],{"class":53},[43,156844,82],{"class":81},[43,156846,156847],{"class":85},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[43,156849,82],{"class":81},[43,156851,227],{"class":53},[14,156853,156854],{},[913,156855,110],{},[34,156857,156859],{"className":36,"code":156858,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[18,156860,156861],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156862,156863,156866,156868],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156864,156865],{"class":207},"This looks like an x",[43,156867,800],{"class":53},[43,156869,156870],{"class":207}," y coordinate\n",[402,156872,156874],{"id":156873},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[34,156876,156878],{"className":36,"code":156877,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[18,156879,156880,156909,156913,156931],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156881,156882,156884,156886,156888,156890,156892,156894,156896,156898,156900,156902,156905,156907],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156883,11805],{"class":207},[43,156885,212],{"class":211},[43,156887,9552],{"class":53},[43,156889,82],{"class":81},[43,156891,13200],{"class":85},[43,156893,82],{"class":81},[43,156895,800],{"class":53},[43,156897,9622],{"class":63},[43,156899,800],{"class":53},[43,156901,932],{"class":81},[43,156903,156904],{"class":85},"Canada",[43,156906,82],{"class":81},[43,156908,227],{"class":53},[43,156910,156911],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,156912,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,156914,156915,156917,156919,156921,156923,156925,156927,156929],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,156916,7323],{"class":1927},[43,156918,38712],{"class":49},[43,156920,54],{"class":53},[43,156922,11899],{"class":236},[43,156924,1221],{"class":53},[43,156926,6734],{"class":211},[43,156928,808],{"class":63},[43,156930,1931],{"class":53},[43,156932,156933,156935,156937,156939,156942,156944],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,156934,1951],{"class":49},[43,156936,54],{"class":53},[43,156938,82],{"class":81},[43,156940,156941],{"class":85},"User record has the expected number of values",[43,156943,82],{"class":81},[43,156945,227],{"class":53},[14,156947,156948],{},[913,156949,110],{},[34,156951,156953],{"className":36,"code":156952,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[18,156954,156955],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156956,156957],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156958,156952],{"class":207},[402,156960,156962],{"id":156961},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[34,156964,156966],{"className":36,"code":156965,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[18,156967,156968,157000,157004,157024],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,156969,156970,156972,156974,156976,156978,156980,156982,156984,156986,156988,156990,156992,156994,156996,156998],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,156971,36414],{"class":207},[43,156973,212],{"class":211},[43,156975,9552],{"class":53},[43,156977,82],{"class":81},[43,156979,189],{"class":85},[43,156981,82],{"class":81},[43,156983,800],{"class":53},[43,156985,932],{"class":81},[43,156987,1231],{"class":85},[43,156989,82],{"class":81},[43,156991,800],{"class":53},[43,156993,932],{"class":81},[43,156995,10055],{"class":85},[43,156997,82],{"class":81},[43,156999,227],{"class":53},[43,157001,157002],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,157003,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,157005,157006,157008,157010,157012,157014,157016,157018,157020,157022],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,157007,6284],{"class":1927},[43,157009,69607],{"class":207},[43,157011,4203],{"class":1927},[43,157013,54126],{"class":49},[43,157015,54],{"class":53},[43,157017,11477],{"class":49},[43,157019,54],{"class":53},[43,157021,36467],{"class":236},[43,157023,69622],{"class":53},[43,157025,157026,157028,157030,157032,157034,157036,157038,157040],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,157027,1951],{"class":49},[43,157029,54],{"class":53},[43,157031,36478],{"class":236},[43,157033,800],{"class":53},[43,157035,70155],{"class":236},[43,157037,4221],{"class":53},[43,157039,36478],{"class":236},[43,157041,4209],{"class":53},[14,157043,157044],{},[913,157045,110],{},[34,157047,157048],{"className":36,"code":36490,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,157049,157050,157056,157062],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,157051,157052,157054],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,157053,2466],{"class":63},[43,157055,36499],{"class":207},[43,157057,157058,157060],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,157059,797],{"class":63},[43,157061,36506],{"class":207},[43,157063,157064,157066],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,157065,447],{"class":63},[43,157067,36513],{"class":207},[14,157069,157070,157071,157073,157074,315],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[189,157072,149721],{"href":149720},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[189,157075,150965],{"href":150964},[29,157077,3160],{"id":3159},[14,157079,157080],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[150,157082,157083,157091,157098,157103],{},[153,157084,157085,157086,11407,157089],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[18,157087,157088],{},"(5)",[18,157090,149555],{},[153,157092,8738,157093,157095,157096],{},[18,157094,11477],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[18,157097,42412],{},[153,157099,8773,157100,157102],{},[18,157101,42412],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[153,157104,157105],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[14,157107,32404],{},[34,157109,157111],{"className":36,"code":157110,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[18,157112,157113,157123,157137,157151],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,157114,157115,157117,157119,157121],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,157116,50],{"class":49},[43,157118,54],{"class":53},[43,157120,148066],{"class":236},[43,157122,227],{"class":53},[43,157124,157125,157127,157129,157131,157133,157135],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,157126,50],{"class":49},[43,157128,54],{"class":53},[43,157130,248],{"class":57},[43,157132,54],{"class":53},[43,157134,148066],{"class":236},[43,157136,67],{"class":53},[43,157138,157139,157141,157143,157145,157147,157149],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,157140,50],{"class":49},[43,157142,54],{"class":53},[43,157144,11477],{"class":49},[43,157146,54],{"class":53},[43,157148,148066],{"class":236},[43,157150,67],{"class":53},[43,157152,157153,157155,157157,157159],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,157154,32474],{"class":49},[43,157156,54],{"class":53},[43,157158,11477],{"class":49},[43,157160,227],{"class":53},[14,157162,155275],{},[150,157164,157165,157168,157171,157175],{},[153,157166,157167],{},"what value you are using",[153,157169,157170],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[153,157172,26343,157173,12023],{},[18,157174,42412],{},[153,157176,123439,157177,157179],{},[18,157178,42412],{}," is documented in Python",[29,157181,2162],{"id":2161},[402,157183,157185],{"id":157184},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[14,157187,133,157188,157191],{},[18,157189,157190],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[402,157193,13023,157195,149225],{"id":157194},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[18,157196,42412],{},[14,157198,46418,157199,157201],{},[18,157200,42412],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[402,157203,157205],{"id":157204},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[14,157207,157208,157209,315],{},"The length is ",[18,157210,2466],{},[402,157212,157214],{"id":157213},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[14,157216,150911,157217,157219],{},[18,157218,150914],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[402,157221,13023,157223,157225],{"id":157222},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[18,157224,42412],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[14,157227,157228],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[29,157230,2229],{"id":2228},[150,157232,157233,157239,157243,157247,157251],{},[153,157234,157235],{},[189,157236,3894,157237,3827],{"href":42409},[18,157238,42412],{},[153,157240,157241],{},[189,157242,156140],{"href":148051},[153,157244,157245],{},[189,157246,149721],{"href":149720},[153,157248,157249],{},[189,157250,150965],{"href":150964},[153,157252,157253],{},[189,157254,157255],{"href":149351},"What is a tuple in Python",[2262,157257,157258],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":157260},[157261,157262,157263,157270,157276,157285,157291,157292,157301],{"id":15484,"depth":70,"text":15485},{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":155628,"depth":70,"text":157264,"children":157265},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157266,157267,157268,157269],{"id":155640,"depth":93,"text":155641},{"id":155707,"depth":93,"text":155708},{"id":155752,"depth":93,"text":155753},{"id":155801,"depth":93,"text":155802},{"id":155890,"depth":70,"text":155891,"children":157271},[157272,157273,157274,157275],{"id":155894,"depth":93,"text":155895},{"id":155969,"depth":93,"text":155708},{"id":156011,"depth":93,"text":156012},{"id":156145,"depth":93,"text":156146},{"id":156229,"depth":70,"text":156230,"children":157277},[157278,157280,157282,157283],{"id":156233,"depth":93,"text":157279},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156371,"depth":93,"text":157281},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156447,"depth":93,"text":156448},{"id":156582,"depth":93,"text":157284},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156710,"depth":70,"text":156711,"children":157286},[157287,157288,157289,157290],{"id":156719,"depth":93,"text":156720},{"id":156792,"depth":93,"text":156793},{"id":156873,"depth":93,"text":156874},{"id":156961,"depth":93,"text":156962},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":157293},[157294,157295,157297,157298,157299],{"id":157184,"depth":93,"text":157185},{"id":157194,"depth":93,"text":157296},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157204,"depth":93,"text":157205},{"id":157213,"depth":93,"text":157214},{"id":157222,"depth":93,"text":157300},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155412,"description":157302},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157309,"title":157310,"body":157311,"description":159696,"extension":2312,"meta":159697,"navigation":958,"path":159698,"seo":159699,"stem":159700,"__hash__":159701},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157312,"toc":159657},[157313,157316,157319,157322,157345,157351,157353,157464,157468,157471,157481,157483,157582,157584,157661,157667,157671,157674,157697,157700,157717,157720,157722,157785,157787,157804,157815,157820,157822,157825,157831,157882,157884,157904,157908,157959,157961,157982,157986,158041,158043,158064,158068,158123,158125,158146,158150,158203,158205,158234,158236,158238,158241,158245,158302,158304,158325,158329,158382,158384,158409,158414,158418,158423,158441,158444,158507,158509,158530,158533,158594,158596,158617,158620,158663,158666,158670,158675,158679,158758,158760,158791,158795,158870,158872,158899,158903,158950,158952,158960,158965,158969,158972,158987,158989,159077,159079,159104,159107,159150,159159,159161,159164,159179,159182,159186,159240,159242,159262,159267,159271,159273,159311,159314,159364,159368,159441,159443,159480,159483,159485,159488,159508,159511,159580,159582,159595,159597,159601,159604,159608,159611,159616,159619,159625,159630,159632,159654],[10,157314,157310],{"id":157315},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[14,157317,157318],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[14,157320,157321],{},"Use this format:",[34,157323,157325],{"className":36,"code":157324,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[18,157326,157327],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,157328,157329,157331,157333,157335,157337,157339,157341,157343],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,157330,49007],{"class":207},[43,157332,4221],{"class":53},[43,157334,36396],{"class":207},[43,157336,325],{"class":53},[43,157338,75485],{"class":207},[43,157340,325],{"class":53},[43,157342,75488],{"class":207},[43,157344,3955],{"class":53},[14,157346,1073,157347,75521,157349,315],{},[18,157348,75485],{},[913,157350,65128],{},[29,157352,32],{"id":31},[34,157354,157356],{"className":36,"code":157355,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[18,157357,157358,157386,157390,157411,157428,157445],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,157359,157360,157362,157364,157366,157368,157370,157372,157374,157376,157378,157380,157382,157384],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,157361,3937],{"class":207},[43,157363,212],{"class":211},[43,157365,9552],{"class":53},[43,157367,512],{"class":63},[43,157369,800],{"class":53},[43,157371,8115],{"class":63},[43,157373,800],{"class":53},[43,157375,8120],{"class":63},[43,157377,800],{"class":53},[43,157379,50898],{"class":63},[43,157381,800],{"class":53},[43,157383,5404],{"class":63},[43,157385,227],{"class":53},[43,157387,157388],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,157389,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,157391,157392,157394,157396,157398,157400,157402,157404,157406,157408],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,157393,50],{"class":49},[43,157395,54],{"class":53},[43,157397,3969],{"class":236},[43,157399,4221],{"class":53},[43,157401,797],{"class":63},[43,157403,325],{"class":53},[43,157405,2835],{"class":63},[43,157407,20769],{"class":53},[43,157409,157410],{"class":3984},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[43,157412,157413,157415,157417,157419,157421,157423,157425],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,157414,50],{"class":49},[43,157416,54],{"class":53},[43,157418,3969],{"class":236},[43,157420,75594],{"class":53},[43,157422,2409],{"class":63},[43,157424,20769],{"class":53},[43,157426,157427],{"class":3984},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[43,157429,157430,157432,157434,157436,157438,157440,157442],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,157431,50],{"class":49},[43,157433,54],{"class":53},[43,157435,3969],{"class":236},[43,157437,74181],{"class":53},[43,157439,447],{"class":63},[43,157441,20769],{"class":53},[43,157443,157444],{"class":3984},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[43,157446,157447,157449,157451,157453,157455,157457,157459,157461],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,157448,50],{"class":49},[43,157450,54],{"class":53},[43,157452,3969],{"class":236},[43,157454,74181],{"class":53},[43,157456,444],{"class":211},[43,157458,797],{"class":63},[43,157460,20769],{"class":53},[43,157462,157463],{"class":3984},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[29,157465,157467],{"id":157466},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[14,157469,157470],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[150,157472,157473,157475,157478],{},[153,157474,75788],{},[153,157476,157477],{},"The result is a new tuple",[153,157479,157480],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[14,157482,197],{},[34,157484,157486],{"className":36,"code":157485,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,157487,157488,157536,157540,157558,157562,157572],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,157489,157490,157492,157494,157496,157498,157500,157502,157504,157506,157508,157510,157512,157514,157516,157518,157520,157522,157524,157526,157528,157530,157532,157534],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,157491,36414],{"class":207},[43,157493,212],{"class":211},[43,157495,9552],{"class":53},[43,157497,82],{"class":81},[43,157499,189],{"class":85},[43,157501,82],{"class":81},[43,157503,800],{"class":53},[43,157505,932],{"class":81},[43,157507,1231],{"class":85},[43,157509,82],{"class":81},[43,157511,800],{"class":53},[43,157513,932],{"class":81},[43,157515,10055],{"class":85},[43,157517,82],{"class":81},[43,157519,800],{"class":53},[43,157521,932],{"class":81},[43,157523,19090],{"class":85},[43,157525,82],{"class":81},[43,157527,800],{"class":53},[43,157529,932],{"class":81},[43,157531,60505],{"class":85},[43,157533,82],{"class":81},[43,157535,227],{"class":53},[43,157537,157538],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,157539,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,157541,157542,157544,157546,157548,157550,157552,157554,157556],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,157543,75718],{"class":207},[43,157545,212],{"class":211},[43,157547,70155],{"class":207},[43,157549,4221],{"class":53},[43,157551,797],{"class":63},[43,157553,325],{"class":53},[43,157555,2835],{"class":63},[43,157557,3955],{"class":53},[43,157559,157560],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,157561,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,157563,157564,157566,157568,157570],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,157565,50],{"class":49},[43,157567,54],{"class":53},[43,157569,75741],{"class":236},[43,157571,227],{"class":53},[43,157573,157574,157576,157578,157580],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,157575,50],{"class":49},[43,157577,54],{"class":53},[43,157579,36467],{"class":236},[43,157581,227],{"class":53},[14,157583,110],{},[34,157585,157587],{"className":36,"code":157586,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[18,157588,157589,157617],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,157590,157591,157593,157595,157597,157599,157601,157603,157605,157607,157609,157611,157613,157615],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,157592,54],{"class":53},[43,157594,283],{"class":81},[43,157596,1231],{"class":85},[43,157598,283],{"class":81},[43,157600,800],{"class":53},[43,157602,278],{"class":81},[43,157604,10055],{"class":85},[43,157606,283],{"class":81},[43,157608,800],{"class":53},[43,157610,278],{"class":81},[43,157612,19090],{"class":85},[43,157614,283],{"class":81},[43,157616,227],{"class":53},[43,157618,157619,157621,157623,157625,157627,157629,157631,157633,157635,157637,157639,157641,157643,157645,157647,157649,157651,157653,157655,157657,157659],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,157620,54],{"class":53},[43,157622,283],{"class":81},[43,157624,189],{"class":85},[43,157626,283],{"class":81},[43,157628,800],{"class":53},[43,157630,278],{"class":81},[43,157632,1231],{"class":85},[43,157634,283],{"class":81},[43,157636,800],{"class":53},[43,157638,278],{"class":81},[43,157640,10055],{"class":85},[43,157642,283],{"class":81},[43,157644,800],{"class":53},[43,157646,278],{"class":81},[43,157648,19090],{"class":85},[43,157650,283],{"class":81},[43,157652,800],{"class":53},[43,157654,278],{"class":81},[43,157656,60505],{"class":85},[43,157658,283],{"class":81},[43,157660,227],{"class":53},[14,157662,157663,157664,315],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[189,157665,148048],{"href":157666},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[29,157668,157670],{"id":157669},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[14,157672,157673],{},"The full syntax is:",[34,157675,157677],{"className":36,"code":157676,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[18,157678,157679],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,157680,157681,157683,157685,157687,157689,157691,157693,157695],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,157682,148066],{"class":207},[43,157684,4221],{"class":53},[43,157686,36396],{"class":207},[43,157688,325],{"class":53},[43,157690,75485],{"class":207},[43,157692,325],{"class":53},[43,157694,75488],{"class":207},[43,157696,3955],{"class":53},[14,157698,157699],{},"Each part has a job:",[150,157701,157702,157707,157712],{},[153,157703,157704,157706],{},[18,157705,36396],{},": where slicing begins",[153,157708,157709,157711],{},[18,157710,75485],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[153,157713,157714,157716],{},[18,157715,75488],{},": how many positions to move each time",[14,157718,157719],{},"All three parts are optional.",[14,157721,197],{},[34,157723,157725],{"className":36,"code":157724,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[18,157726,157727,157759,157763],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,157728,157729,157731,157733,157735,157737,157739,157741,157743,157745,157747,157749,157751,157753,157755,157757],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,157730,3937],{"class":207},[43,157732,212],{"class":211},[43,157734,9552],{"class":53},[43,157736,512],{"class":63},[43,157738,800],{"class":53},[43,157740,8115],{"class":63},[43,157742,800],{"class":53},[43,157744,8120],{"class":63},[43,157746,800],{"class":53},[43,157748,50898],{"class":63},[43,157750,800],{"class":53},[43,157752,5404],{"class":63},[43,157754,800],{"class":53},[43,157756,76159],{"class":63},[43,157758,227],{"class":53},[43,157760,157761],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,157762,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,157764,157765,157767,157769,157771,157773,157775,157777,157779,157781,157783],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,157766,50],{"class":49},[43,157768,54],{"class":53},[43,157770,3969],{"class":236},[43,157772,4221],{"class":53},[43,157774,797],{"class":63},[43,157776,325],{"class":53},[43,157778,64],{"class":63},[43,157780,325],{"class":53},[43,157782,447],{"class":63},[43,157784,4209],{"class":53},[14,157786,110],{},[34,157788,157790],{"className":36,"code":157789,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(20, 40)\n",[18,157791,157792],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,157793,157794,157796,157798,157800,157802],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,157795,54],{"class":53},[43,157797,16076],{"class":63},[43,157799,800],{"class":53},[43,157801,50898],{"class":63},[43,157803,227],{"class":53},[14,157805,157806,157807,157809,157810,157812,157813,315],{},"This starts at index ",[18,157808,797],{},", stops before index ",[18,157811,64],{},", and moves by ",[18,157814,447],{},[14,157816,157817,157818,315],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[189,157819,149721],{"href":153147},[29,157821,76075],{"id":76074},[14,157823,157824],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[402,157826,157828,157829,6292],{"id":157827},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[18,157830,76089],{},[34,157832,157834],{"className":36,"code":157833,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[18,157835,157836,157864,157868],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,157837,157838,157840,157842,157844,157846,157848,157850,157852,157854,157856,157858,157860,157862],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,157839,3937],{"class":207},[43,157841,212],{"class":211},[43,157843,9552],{"class":53},[43,157845,512],{"class":63},[43,157847,800],{"class":53},[43,157849,8115],{"class":63},[43,157851,800],{"class":53},[43,157853,8120],{"class":63},[43,157855,800],{"class":53},[43,157857,50898],{"class":63},[43,157859,800],{"class":53},[43,157861,5404],{"class":63},[43,157863,227],{"class":53},[43,157865,157866],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,157867,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,157869,157870,157872,157874,157876,157878,157880],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,157871,50],{"class":49},[43,157873,54],{"class":53},[43,157875,3969],{"class":236},[43,157877,75594],{"class":53},[43,157879,2409],{"class":63},[43,157881,4209],{"class":53},[14,157883,110],{},[34,157885,157886],{"className":36,"code":151413,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,157887,157888],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,157889,157890,157892,157894,157896,157898,157900,157902],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,157891,54],{"class":53},[43,157893,512],{"class":63},[43,157895,800],{"class":53},[43,157897,8115],{"class":63},[43,157899,800],{"class":53},[43,157901,8120],{"class":63},[43,157903,227],{"class":53},[402,157905,157907],{"id":157906},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[34,157909,157911],{"className":36,"code":157910,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[18,157912,157913,157941,157945],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,157914,157915,157917,157919,157921,157923,157925,157927,157929,157931,157933,157935,157937,157939],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,157916,3937],{"class":207},[43,157918,212],{"class":211},[43,157920,9552],{"class":53},[43,157922,512],{"class":63},[43,157924,800],{"class":53},[43,157926,8115],{"class":63},[43,157928,800],{"class":53},[43,157930,8120],{"class":63},[43,157932,800],{"class":53},[43,157934,50898],{"class":63},[43,157936,800],{"class":53},[43,157938,5404],{"class":63},[43,157940,227],{"class":53},[43,157942,157943],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,157944,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,157946,157947,157949,157951,157953,157955,157957],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,157948,50],{"class":49},[43,157950,54],{"class":53},[43,157952,3969],{"class":236},[43,157954,4221],{"class":53},[43,157956,447],{"class":63},[43,157958,77775],{"class":53},[14,157960,110],{},[34,157962,157964],{"className":36,"code":157963,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[18,157965,157966],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,157967,157968,157970,157972,157974,157976,157978,157980],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,157969,54],{"class":53},[43,157971,37166],{"class":63},[43,157973,800],{"class":53},[43,157975,50898],{"class":63},[43,157977,800],{"class":53},[43,157979,5404],{"class":63},[43,157981,227],{"class":53},[402,157983,157985],{"id":157984},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[34,157987,157989],{"className":36,"code":157988,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[18,157990,157991,158019,158023],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,157992,157993,157995,157997,157999,158001,158003,158005,158007,158009,158011,158013,158015,158017],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,157994,3937],{"class":207},[43,157996,212],{"class":211},[43,157998,9552],{"class":53},[43,158000,512],{"class":63},[43,158002,800],{"class":53},[43,158004,8115],{"class":63},[43,158006,800],{"class":53},[43,158008,8120],{"class":63},[43,158010,800],{"class":53},[43,158012,50898],{"class":63},[43,158014,800],{"class":53},[43,158016,5404],{"class":63},[43,158018,227],{"class":53},[43,158020,158021],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,158022,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,158024,158025,158027,158029,158031,158033,158035,158037,158039],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,158026,50],{"class":49},[43,158028,54],{"class":53},[43,158030,3969],{"class":236},[43,158032,4221],{"class":53},[43,158034,797],{"class":63},[43,158036,325],{"class":53},[43,158038,2835],{"class":63},[43,158040,4209],{"class":53},[14,158042,110],{},[34,158044,158046],{"className":36,"code":158045,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[18,158047,158048],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158049,158050,158052,158054,158056,158058,158060,158062],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158051,54],{"class":53},[43,158053,16076],{"class":63},[43,158055,800],{"class":53},[43,158057,8120],{"class":63},[43,158059,800],{"class":53},[43,158061,50898],{"class":63},[43,158063,227],{"class":53},[402,158065,158067],{"id":158066},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[34,158069,158071],{"className":36,"code":158070,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[18,158072,158073,158105,158109],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158074,158075,158077,158079,158081,158083,158085,158087,158089,158091,158093,158095,158097,158099,158101,158103],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158076,3937],{"class":207},[43,158078,212],{"class":211},[43,158080,9552],{"class":53},[43,158082,512],{"class":63},[43,158084,800],{"class":53},[43,158086,8115],{"class":63},[43,158088,800],{"class":53},[43,158090,8120],{"class":63},[43,158092,800],{"class":53},[43,158094,50898],{"class":63},[43,158096,800],{"class":53},[43,158098,5404],{"class":63},[43,158100,800],{"class":53},[43,158102,76159],{"class":63},[43,158104,227],{"class":53},[43,158106,158107],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,158108,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,158110,158111,158113,158115,158117,158119,158121],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,158112,50],{"class":49},[43,158114,54],{"class":53},[43,158116,3969],{"class":236},[43,158118,74181],{"class":53},[43,158120,447],{"class":63},[43,158122,4209],{"class":53},[14,158124,110],{},[34,158126,158128],{"className":36,"code":158127,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[18,158129,158130],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158131,158132,158134,158136,158138,158140,158142,158144],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158133,54],{"class":53},[43,158135,512],{"class":63},[43,158137,800],{"class":53},[43,158139,8120],{"class":63},[43,158141,800],{"class":53},[43,158143,5404],{"class":63},[43,158145,227],{"class":53},[402,158147,158149],{"id":158148},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[34,158151,158153],{"className":36,"code":158152,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[18,158154,158155,158183,158187],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158156,158157,158159,158161,158163,158165,158167,158169,158171,158173,158175,158177,158179,158181],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158158,3937],{"class":207},[43,158160,212],{"class":211},[43,158162,9552],{"class":53},[43,158164,512],{"class":63},[43,158166,800],{"class":53},[43,158168,8115],{"class":63},[43,158170,800],{"class":53},[43,158172,8120],{"class":63},[43,158174,800],{"class":53},[43,158176,50898],{"class":63},[43,158178,800],{"class":53},[43,158180,5404],{"class":63},[43,158182,227],{"class":53},[43,158184,158185],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,158186,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,158188,158189,158191,158193,158195,158197,158199,158201],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,158190,50],{"class":49},[43,158192,54],{"class":53},[43,158194,3969],{"class":236},[43,158196,74181],{"class":53},[43,158198,444],{"class":211},[43,158200,797],{"class":63},[43,158202,4209],{"class":53},[14,158204,110],{},[34,158206,158208],{"className":36,"code":158207,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[18,158209,158210],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158211,158212,158214,158216,158218,158220,158222,158224,158226,158228,158230,158232],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158213,54],{"class":53},[43,158215,76853],{"class":63},[43,158217,800],{"class":53},[43,158219,50898],{"class":63},[43,158221,800],{"class":53},[43,158223,8120],{"class":63},[43,158225,800],{"class":53},[43,158227,8115],{"class":63},[43,158229,800],{"class":53},[43,158231,6331],{"class":63},[43,158233,227],{"class":53},[29,158235,76369],{"id":76368},[14,158237,154420],{},[14,158239,158240],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[402,158242,158244],{"id":158243},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[34,158246,158248],{"className":36,"code":158247,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[18,158249,158250,158282,158286],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158251,158252,158254,158256,158258,158260,158262,158264,158266,158268,158270,158272,158274,158276,158278,158280],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158253,3937],{"class":207},[43,158255,212],{"class":211},[43,158257,9552],{"class":53},[43,158259,512],{"class":63},[43,158261,800],{"class":53},[43,158263,8115],{"class":63},[43,158265,800],{"class":53},[43,158267,8120],{"class":63},[43,158269,800],{"class":53},[43,158271,50898],{"class":63},[43,158273,800],{"class":53},[43,158275,5404],{"class":63},[43,158277,800],{"class":53},[43,158279,76159],{"class":63},[43,158281,227],{"class":53},[43,158283,158284],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,158285,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,158287,158288,158290,158292,158294,158296,158298,158300],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,158289,50],{"class":49},[43,158291,54],{"class":53},[43,158293,3969],{"class":236},[43,158295,4221],{"class":53},[43,158297,444],{"class":211},[43,158299,2409],{"class":63},[43,158301,77775],{"class":53},[14,158303,110],{},[34,158305,158307],{"className":36,"code":158306,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[18,158308,158309],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158310,158311,158313,158315,158317,158319,158321,158323],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158312,54],{"class":53},[43,158314,56749],{"class":63},[43,158316,800],{"class":53},[43,158318,5404],{"class":63},[43,158320,800],{"class":53},[43,158322,76159],{"class":63},[43,158324,227],{"class":53},[402,158326,158328],{"id":158327},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[34,158330,158332],{"className":36,"code":158331,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[18,158333,158334,158362,158366],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158335,158336,158338,158340,158342,158344,158346,158348,158350,158352,158354,158356,158358,158360],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158337,3937],{"class":207},[43,158339,212],{"class":211},[43,158341,9552],{"class":53},[43,158343,512],{"class":63},[43,158345,800],{"class":53},[43,158347,8115],{"class":63},[43,158349,800],{"class":53},[43,158351,8120],{"class":63},[43,158353,800],{"class":53},[43,158355,50898],{"class":63},[43,158357,800],{"class":53},[43,158359,5404],{"class":63},[43,158361,227],{"class":53},[43,158363,158364],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,158365,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,158367,158368,158370,158372,158374,158376,158378,158380],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,158369,50],{"class":49},[43,158371,54],{"class":53},[43,158373,3969],{"class":236},[43,158375,75594],{"class":53},[43,158377,444],{"class":211},[43,158379,797],{"class":63},[43,158381,4209],{"class":53},[14,158383,110],{},[34,158385,158387],{"className":36,"code":158386,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[18,158388,158389],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158390,158391,158393,158395,158397,158399,158401,158403,158405,158407],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158392,54],{"class":53},[43,158394,512],{"class":63},[43,158396,800],{"class":53},[43,158398,8115],{"class":63},[43,158400,800],{"class":53},[43,158402,8120],{"class":63},[43,158404,800],{"class":53},[43,158406,50898],{"class":63},[43,158408,227],{"class":53},[14,158410,158411,158412,315],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[189,158413,150970],{"href":157304},[29,158415,158417],{"id":158416},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[14,158419,1073,158420,158422],{},[18,158421,75488],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[150,158424,158425,158427,158429,158435],{},[153,158426,76625],{},[153,158428,76628],{},[153,158430,158431,158434],{},[18,158432,158433],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[153,158436,158437,158438,158440],{},"A step of ",[18,158439,2466],{}," is not allowed",[14,158442,158443],{},"Example with a positive step:",[34,158445,158447],{"className":36,"code":158446,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[18,158448,158449,158481,158485],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158450,158451,158453,158455,158457,158459,158461,158463,158465,158467,158469,158471,158473,158475,158477,158479],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158452,3937],{"class":207},[43,158454,212],{"class":211},[43,158456,9552],{"class":53},[43,158458,512],{"class":63},[43,158460,800],{"class":53},[43,158462,8115],{"class":63},[43,158464,800],{"class":53},[43,158466,8120],{"class":63},[43,158468,800],{"class":53},[43,158470,50898],{"class":63},[43,158472,800],{"class":53},[43,158474,5404],{"class":63},[43,158476,800],{"class":53},[43,158478,76159],{"class":63},[43,158480,227],{"class":53},[43,158482,158483],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,158484,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,158486,158487,158489,158491,158493,158495,158497,158499,158501,158503,158505],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,158488,50],{"class":49},[43,158490,54],{"class":53},[43,158492,3969],{"class":236},[43,158494,4221],{"class":53},[43,158496,797],{"class":63},[43,158498,325],{"class":53},[43,158500,80653],{"class":63},[43,158502,325],{"class":53},[43,158504,447],{"class":63},[43,158506,4209],{"class":53},[14,158508,110],{},[34,158510,158512],{"className":36,"code":158511,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[18,158513,158514],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158515,158516,158518,158520,158522,158524,158526,158528],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158517,54],{"class":53},[43,158519,16076],{"class":63},[43,158521,800],{"class":53},[43,158523,50898],{"class":63},[43,158525,800],{"class":53},[43,158527,76159],{"class":63},[43,158529,227],{"class":53},[14,158531,158532],{},"Example with a negative step:",[34,158534,158536],{"className":36,"code":158535,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[18,158537,158538,158566,158570],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158539,158540,158542,158544,158546,158548,158550,158552,158554,158556,158558,158560,158562,158564],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158541,3937],{"class":207},[43,158543,212],{"class":211},[43,158545,9552],{"class":53},[43,158547,512],{"class":63},[43,158549,800],{"class":53},[43,158551,8115],{"class":63},[43,158553,800],{"class":53},[43,158555,8120],{"class":63},[43,158557,800],{"class":53},[43,158559,50898],{"class":63},[43,158561,800],{"class":53},[43,158563,5404],{"class":63},[43,158565,227],{"class":53},[43,158567,158568],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,158569,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,158571,158572,158574,158576,158578,158580,158582,158584,158586,158588,158590,158592],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,158573,50],{"class":49},[43,158575,54],{"class":53},[43,158577,3969],{"class":236},[43,158579,4221],{"class":53},[43,158581,2835],{"class":63},[43,158583,325],{"class":53},[43,158585,797],{"class":63},[43,158587,325],{"class":53},[43,158589,444],{"class":211},[43,158591,797],{"class":63},[43,158593,4209],{"class":53},[14,158595,110],{},[34,158597,158599],{"className":36,"code":158598,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[18,158600,158601],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158602,158603,158605,158607,158609,158611,158613,158615],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158604,54],{"class":53},[43,158606,76853],{"class":63},[43,158608,800],{"class":53},[43,158610,50898],{"class":63},[43,158612,800],{"class":53},[43,158614,8120],{"class":63},[43,158616,227],{"class":53},[14,158618,158619],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[34,158621,158623],{"className":36,"code":158622,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[18,158624,158625,158645,158649],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158626,158627,158629,158631,158633,158635,158637,158639,158641,158643],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158628,3937],{"class":207},[43,158630,212],{"class":211},[43,158632,9552],{"class":53},[43,158634,512],{"class":63},[43,158636,800],{"class":53},[43,158638,8115],{"class":63},[43,158640,800],{"class":53},[43,158642,8120],{"class":63},[43,158644,227],{"class":53},[43,158646,158647],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,158648,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,158650,158651,158653,158655,158657,158659,158661],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,158652,50],{"class":49},[43,158654,54],{"class":53},[43,158656,3969],{"class":236},[43,158658,74181],{"class":53},[43,158660,2466],{"class":63},[43,158662,4209],{"class":53},[14,158664,158665],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[29,158667,158669],{"id":158668},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[14,158671,158672,158673,34064],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[913,158674,49007],{},[402,158676,158678],{"id":158677},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[34,158680,158682],{"className":36,"code":158681,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,158683,158684,158708,158712,158730,158734,158744],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158685,158686,158688,158690,158692,158694,158696,158698,158700,158702,158704,158706],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158687,3937],{"class":207},[43,158689,212],{"class":211},[43,158691,9552],{"class":53},[43,158693,512],{"class":63},[43,158695,800],{"class":53},[43,158697,8115],{"class":63},[43,158699,800],{"class":53},[43,158701,8120],{"class":63},[43,158703,800],{"class":53},[43,158705,50898],{"class":63},[43,158707,227],{"class":53},[43,158709,158710],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,158711,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,158713,158714,158716,158718,158720,158722,158724,158726,158728],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,158715,1282],{"class":207},[43,158717,212],{"class":211},[43,158719,4586],{"class":207},[43,158721,4221],{"class":53},[43,158723,797],{"class":63},[43,158725,325],{"class":53},[43,158727,2409],{"class":63},[43,158729,3955],{"class":53},[43,158731,158732],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,158733,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,158735,158736,158738,158740,158742],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,158737,50],{"class":49},[43,158739,54],{"class":53},[43,158741,1306],{"class":236},[43,158743,227],{"class":53},[43,158745,158746,158748,158750,158752,158754,158756],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,158747,50],{"class":49},[43,158749,54],{"class":53},[43,158751,248],{"class":57},[43,158753,54],{"class":53},[43,158755,1306],{"class":236},[43,158757,67],{"class":53},[14,158759,110],{},[34,158761,158763],{"className":36,"code":158762,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,158764,158765,158777],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158766,158767,158769,158771,158773,158775],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158768,54],{"class":53},[43,158770,16076],{"class":63},[43,158772,800],{"class":53},[43,158774,8120],{"class":63},[43,158776,227],{"class":53},[43,158778,158779,158781,158783,158785,158787,158789],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,158780,271],{"class":211},[43,158782,275],{"class":274},[43,158784,278],{"class":81},[43,158786,49007],{"class":85},[43,158788,283],{"class":81},[43,158790,286],{"class":211},[402,158792,158794],{"id":158793},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[34,158796,158798],{"className":36,"code":158797,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,158799,158800,158820,158824,158842,158846,158856],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158801,158802,158804,158806,158808,158810,158812,158814,158816,158818],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158803,3937],{"class":207},[43,158805,212],{"class":211},[43,158807,9552],{"class":53},[43,158809,512],{"class":63},[43,158811,800],{"class":53},[43,158813,8115],{"class":63},[43,158815,800],{"class":53},[43,158817,8120],{"class":63},[43,158819,227],{"class":53},[43,158821,158822],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,158823,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,158825,158826,158828,158830,158832,158834,158836,158838,158840],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,158827,1282],{"class":207},[43,158829,212],{"class":211},[43,158831,4586],{"class":207},[43,158833,4221],{"class":53},[43,158835,797],{"class":63},[43,158837,325],{"class":53},[43,158839,447],{"class":63},[43,158841,3955],{"class":53},[43,158843,158844],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,158845,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,158847,158848,158850,158852,158854],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,158849,50],{"class":49},[43,158851,54],{"class":53},[43,158853,1306],{"class":236},[43,158855,227],{"class":53},[43,158857,158858,158860,158862,158864,158866,158868],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,158859,50],{"class":49},[43,158861,54],{"class":53},[43,158863,248],{"class":57},[43,158865,54],{"class":53},[43,158867,1306],{"class":236},[43,158869,67],{"class":53},[14,158871,110],{},[34,158873,158875],{"className":36,"code":158874,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,158876,158877,158885],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158878,158879,158881,158883],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158880,54],{"class":53},[43,158882,16076],{"class":63},[43,158884,149404],{"class":53},[43,158886,158887,158889,158891,158893,158895,158897],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,158888,271],{"class":211},[43,158890,275],{"class":274},[43,158892,278],{"class":81},[43,158894,49007],{"class":85},[43,158896,283],{"class":81},[43,158898,286],{"class":211},[402,158900,158902],{"id":158901},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[34,158904,158906],{"className":36,"code":158905,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[18,158907,158908,158928,158932],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158909,158910,158912,158914,158916,158918,158920,158922,158924,158926],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158911,3937],{"class":207},[43,158913,212],{"class":211},[43,158915,9552],{"class":53},[43,158917,512],{"class":63},[43,158919,800],{"class":53},[43,158921,8115],{"class":63},[43,158923,800],{"class":53},[43,158925,8120],{"class":63},[43,158927,227],{"class":53},[43,158929,158930],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,158931,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,158933,158934,158936,158938,158940,158942,158944,158946,158948],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,158935,50],{"class":49},[43,158937,54],{"class":53},[43,158939,3969],{"class":236},[43,158941,4221],{"class":53},[43,158943,64],{"class":63},[43,158945,325],{"class":53},[43,158947,2684],{"class":63},[43,158949,4209],{"class":53},[14,158951,110],{},[34,158953,158954],{"className":36,"code":1728,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,158955,158956],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158957,158958],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158959,1728],{"class":53},[14,158961,158962,158963,315],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[189,158964,156140],{"href":151027},[29,158966,158968],{"id":158967},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[14,158970,158971],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[150,158973,158974,158976,158979,158984],{},[153,158975,76934],{},[153,158977,158978],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[153,158980,158981,158982],{},"Indexing can raise ",[18,158983,70790],{},[153,158985,158986],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[14,158988,197],{},[34,158990,158992],{"className":36,"code":158991,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[18,158993,158994,159014,159018,159035,159056],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,158995,158996,158998,159000,159002,159004,159006,159008,159010,159012],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,158997,3937],{"class":207},[43,158999,212],{"class":211},[43,159001,9552],{"class":53},[43,159003,512],{"class":63},[43,159005,800],{"class":53},[43,159007,8115],{"class":63},[43,159009,800],{"class":53},[43,159011,8120],{"class":63},[43,159013,227],{"class":53},[43,159015,159016],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,159017,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,159019,159020,159022,159024,159026,159028,159030,159032],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,159021,50],{"class":49},[43,159023,54],{"class":53},[43,159025,3969],{"class":236},[43,159027,4221],{"class":53},[43,159029,797],{"class":63},[43,159031,20769],{"class":53},[43,159033,159034],{"class":3984},"    # one item\n",[43,159036,159037,159039,159041,159043,159045,159047,159049,159051,159053],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,159038,50],{"class":49},[43,159040,54],{"class":53},[43,159042,3969],{"class":236},[43,159044,4221],{"class":53},[43,159046,797],{"class":63},[43,159048,325],{"class":53},[43,159050,64],{"class":63},[43,159052,20769],{"class":53},[43,159054,159055],{"class":3984},"  # slice\n",[43,159057,159058,159060,159062,159064,159066,159068,159070,159072,159074],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,159059,50],{"class":49},[43,159061,54],{"class":53},[43,159063,3969],{"class":236},[43,159065,4221],{"class":53},[43,159067,64],{"class":63},[43,159069,325],{"class":53},[43,159071,2684],{"class":63},[43,159073,20769],{"class":53},[43,159075,159076],{"class":3984},"  # empty slice\n",[14,159078,110],{},[34,159080,159082],{"className":36,"code":159081,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[18,159083,159084,159088,159100],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159085,159086],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159087,71283],{"class":63},[43,159089,159090,159092,159094,159096,159098],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,159091,54],{"class":53},[43,159093,16076],{"class":63},[43,159095,800],{"class":53},[43,159097,8120],{"class":63},[43,159099,227],{"class":53},[43,159101,159102],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,159103,1728],{"class":53},[14,159105,159106],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[34,159108,159110],{"className":36,"code":159109,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[18,159111,159112,159132,159136],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159113,159114,159116,159118,159120,159122,159124,159126,159128,159130],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159115,3937],{"class":207},[43,159117,212],{"class":211},[43,159119,9552],{"class":53},[43,159121,512],{"class":63},[43,159123,800],{"class":53},[43,159125,8115],{"class":63},[43,159127,800],{"class":53},[43,159129,8120],{"class":63},[43,159131,227],{"class":53},[43,159133,159134],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,159135,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,159137,159138,159140,159142,159144,159146,159148],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,159139,50],{"class":49},[43,159141,54],{"class":53},[43,159143,3969],{"class":236},[43,159145,4221],{"class":53},[43,159147,64],{"class":63},[43,159149,4209],{"class":53},[14,159151,159152,159153,159155,159156,315],{},"This raises an ",[18,159154,70790],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[189,159157,154893],{"href":159158},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[29,159160,15499],{"id":77201},[14,159162,159163],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[150,159165,159166,159169,159171,159174],{},[153,159167,159168],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[153,159170,60750],{},[153,159172,159173],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[153,159175,159176,159177],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[18,159178,2466],{},[14,159180,159181],{},"Here are a few examples.",[402,159183,159185],{"id":159184},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[34,159187,159188],{"className":36,"code":157988,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,159189,159190,159218,159222],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159191,159192,159194,159196,159198,159200,159202,159204,159206,159208,159210,159212,159214,159216],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159193,3937],{"class":207},[43,159195,212],{"class":211},[43,159197,9552],{"class":53},[43,159199,512],{"class":63},[43,159201,800],{"class":53},[43,159203,8115],{"class":63},[43,159205,800],{"class":53},[43,159207,8120],{"class":63},[43,159209,800],{"class":53},[43,159211,50898],{"class":63},[43,159213,800],{"class":53},[43,159215,5404],{"class":63},[43,159217,227],{"class":53},[43,159219,159220],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,159221,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,159223,159224,159226,159228,159230,159232,159234,159236,159238],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,159225,50],{"class":49},[43,159227,54],{"class":53},[43,159229,3969],{"class":236},[43,159231,4221],{"class":53},[43,159233,797],{"class":63},[43,159235,325],{"class":53},[43,159237,2835],{"class":63},[43,159239,4209],{"class":53},[14,159241,110],{},[34,159243,159244],{"className":36,"code":158045,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,159245,159246],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159247,159248,159250,159252,159254,159256,159258,159260],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159249,54],{"class":53},[43,159251,16076],{"class":63},[43,159253,800],{"class":53},[43,159255,8120],{"class":63},[43,159257,800],{"class":53},[43,159259,50898],{"class":63},[43,159261,227],{"class":53},[14,159263,132472,159264,159266],{},[18,159265,2835],{}," is not included.",[402,159268,159270],{"id":159269},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[14,159272,4849],{},[34,159274,159276],{"className":36,"code":159275,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[18,159277,159278,159302,159306],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159279,159280,159282,159284,159286,159288,159290,159292,159294,159296,159298,159300],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159281,3937],{"class":207},[43,159283,212],{"class":211},[43,159285,9552],{"class":53},[43,159287,512],{"class":63},[43,159289,800],{"class":53},[43,159291,8115],{"class":63},[43,159293,800],{"class":53},[43,159295,8120],{"class":63},[43,159297,800],{"class":53},[43,159299,50898],{"class":63},[43,159301,227],{"class":53},[43,159303,159304],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,159305,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,159307,159308],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,159309,159310],{"class":3984},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[14,159312,159313],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[34,159315,159316],{"className":36,"code":154973,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,159317,159318,159342,159346],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159319,159320,159322,159324,159326,159328,159330,159332,159334,159336,159338,159340],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159321,3937],{"class":207},[43,159323,212],{"class":211},[43,159325,9552],{"class":53},[43,159327,512],{"class":63},[43,159329,800],{"class":53},[43,159331,8115],{"class":63},[43,159333,800],{"class":53},[43,159335,8120],{"class":63},[43,159337,800],{"class":53},[43,159339,50898],{"class":63},[43,159341,227],{"class":53},[43,159343,159344],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,159345,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,159347,159348,159350,159352,159354,159356,159358,159360,159362],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,159349,50],{"class":49},[43,159351,54],{"class":53},[43,159353,3969],{"class":236},[43,159355,4221],{"class":53},[43,159357,797],{"class":63},[43,159359,325],{"class":53},[43,159361,2409],{"class":63},[43,159363,4209],{"class":53},[402,159365,159367],{"id":159366},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[34,159369,159371],{"className":36,"code":159370,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,159372,159373,159397,159401,159416,159420,159431],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159374,159375,159377,159379,159381,159383,159385,159387,159389,159391,159393,159395],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159376,3937],{"class":207},[43,159378,212],{"class":211},[43,159380,9552],{"class":53},[43,159382,512],{"class":63},[43,159384,800],{"class":53},[43,159386,8115],{"class":63},[43,159388,800],{"class":53},[43,159390,8120],{"class":63},[43,159392,800],{"class":53},[43,159394,50898],{"class":63},[43,159396,227],{"class":53},[43,159398,159399],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,159400,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,159402,159403,159406,159408,159410,159412,159414],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,159404,159405],{"class":207},"slice_result ",[43,159407,212],{"class":211},[43,159409,4586],{"class":207},[43,159411,75594],{"class":53},[43,159413,447],{"class":63},[43,159415,3955],{"class":53},[43,159417,159418],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,159419,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,159421,159422,159424,159426,159429],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,159423,50],{"class":49},[43,159425,54],{"class":53},[43,159427,159428],{"class":236},"slice_result",[43,159430,227],{"class":53},[43,159432,159433,159435,159437,159439],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,159434,50],{"class":49},[43,159436,54],{"class":53},[43,159438,3969],{"class":236},[43,159440,227],{"class":53},[14,159442,110],{},[34,159444,159446],{"className":36,"code":159445,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[18,159447,159448,159460],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159449,159450,159452,159454,159456,159458],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159451,54],{"class":53},[43,159453,512],{"class":63},[43,159455,800],{"class":53},[43,159457,8115],{"class":63},[43,159459,227],{"class":53},[43,159461,159462,159464,159466,159468,159470,159472,159474,159476,159478],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,159463,54],{"class":53},[43,159465,512],{"class":63},[43,159467,800],{"class":53},[43,159469,8115],{"class":63},[43,159471,800],{"class":53},[43,159473,8120],{"class":63},[43,159475,800],{"class":53},[43,159477,50898],{"class":63},[43,159479,227],{"class":53},[14,159481,159482],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[29,159484,113786],{"id":113785},[14,159486,159487],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[150,159489,159490,159493,159496,159502,159505],{},[153,159491,159492],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[153,159494,159495],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[153,159497,159498,159499],{},"Using a zero step like ",[18,159500,159501],{},"tuple[::0]",[153,159503,159504],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[153,159506,159507],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[14,159509,159510],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[34,159512,159514],{"className":36,"code":159513,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[18,159515,159516,159526,159544,159566],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159517,159518,159520,159522,159524],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159519,50],{"class":49},[43,159521,54],{"class":53},[43,159523,148066],{"class":236},[43,159525,227],{"class":53},[43,159527,159528,159530,159532,159534,159536,159538,159540,159542],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,159529,50],{"class":49},[43,159531,54],{"class":53},[43,159533,148066],{"class":236},[43,159535,4221],{"class":53},[43,159537,797],{"class":63},[43,159539,325],{"class":53},[43,159541,2835],{"class":63},[43,159543,4209],{"class":53},[43,159545,159546,159548,159550,159552,159554,159556,159558,159560,159562,159564],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,159547,50],{"class":49},[43,159549,54],{"class":53},[43,159551,248],{"class":57},[43,159553,54],{"class":53},[43,159555,148066],{"class":236},[43,159557,4221],{"class":53},[43,159559,797],{"class":63},[43,159561,325],{"class":53},[43,159563,2835],{"class":63},[43,159565,811],{"class":53},[43,159567,159568,159570,159572,159574,159576,159578],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,159569,50],{"class":49},[43,159571,54],{"class":53},[43,159573,11477],{"class":49},[43,159575,54],{"class":53},[43,159577,148066],{"class":236},[43,159579,67],{"class":53},[14,159581,11486],{},[150,159583,159584,159586,159589,159592],{},[153,159585,155280],{},[153,159587,159588],{},"what the slice actually returns",[153,159590,159591],{},"that the result is a tuple",[153,159593,159594],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[29,159596,2162],{"id":2161},[402,159598,159600],{"id":159599},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[14,159602,159603],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[402,159605,159607],{"id":159606},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[14,159609,159610],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[402,159612,5466,159614,40286],{"id":159613},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[18,159615,158433],{},[14,159617,159618],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[402,159620,159622,159623,2822],{"id":159621},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[18,159624,70790],{},[14,159626,159627,159628,315],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[18,159629,70790],{},[29,159631,2229],{"id":2228},[150,159633,159634,159638,159642,159646,159650],{},[153,159635,159636],{},[189,159637,156140],{"href":151027},[153,159639,159640],{},[189,159641,149721],{"href":153147},[153,159643,159644],{},[189,159645,150970],{"href":157304},[153,159647,159648],{},[189,159649,148048],{"href":157666},[153,159651,159652],{},[189,159653,154893],{"href":159158},[2262,159655,159656],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":159658},[159659,159660,159661,159662,159670,159674,159675,159680,159681,159686,159687,159695],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":157466,"depth":70,"text":157467},{"id":157669,"depth":70,"text":157670},{"id":76074,"depth":70,"text":76075,"children":159663},[159664,159666,159667,159668,159669],{"id":157827,"depth":93,"text":159665},"Get the first n items",{"id":157906,"depth":93,"text":157907},{"id":157984,"depth":93,"text":157985},{"id":158066,"depth":93,"text":158067},{"id":158148,"depth":93,"text":158149},{"id":76368,"depth":70,"text":76369,"children":159671},[159672,159673],{"id":158243,"depth":93,"text":158244},{"id":158327,"depth":93,"text":158328},{"id":158416,"depth":70,"text":158417},{"id":158668,"depth":70,"text":158669,"children":159676},[159677,159678,159679],{"id":158677,"depth":93,"text":158678},{"id":158793,"depth":93,"text":158794},{"id":158901,"depth":93,"text":158902},{"id":158967,"depth":70,"text":158968},{"id":77201,"depth":70,"text":15499,"children":159682},[159683,159684,159685],{"id":159184,"depth":93,"text":159185},{"id":159269,"depth":93,"text":159270},{"id":159366,"depth":93,"text":159367},{"id":113785,"depth":70,"text":113786},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":159688},[159689,159690,159691,159693],{"id":159599,"depth":93,"text":159600},{"id":159606,"depth":93,"text":159607},{"id":159613,"depth":93,"text":159692},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159621,"depth":93,"text":159694},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157310,"description":159696},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159703,"title":159704,"body":159705,"description":161528,"extension":2312,"meta":161529,"navigation":958,"path":35130,"seo":161530,"stem":161531,"__hash__":161532},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159706,"toc":161494},[159707,159712,159717,159721,159739,159742,159757,159763,159765,159822,159824,159856,159868,159874,159879,159882,159917,159923,159925,159928,159942,159945,159947,159970,159972,159990,159993,160009,160011,160014,160127,160129,160218,160221,160226,160232,160235,160238,160337,160339,160398,160403,160406,160475,160479,160511,160527,160532,160539,160546,160558,160560,160609,160611,160634,160640,160688,160693,160700,160708,160714,160717,160741,160744,160746,160822,160824,160849,160855,160858,160863,160867,160881,160883,160946,160948,160980,160983,160999,161001,161007,161014,161016,161035,161037,161055,161062,161067,161074,161076,161113,161116,161123,161127,161130,161188,161191,161194,161249,161251,161263,161269,161271,161275,161308,161315,161317,161380,161383,161385,161390,161404,161411,161419,161428,161437,161443,161449,161451,161491],[10,159708,3894,159710,3898],{"id":159709},"python-type-function-explained",[18,159711,2642],{},[14,159713,32639,159714,159716],{},[18,159715,2642],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[14,159718,62825,159719,104630],{},[18,159720,2642],{},[150,159722,159723,159726,159729,159732],{},[153,159724,159725],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[153,159727,159728],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[153,159730,159731],{},"debug confusing code",[153,159733,159734,159735],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[189,159736,159737],{"href":191},[18,159738,194],{},[14,159740,159741],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[34,159743,159745],{"className":36,"code":159744,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"type(object)\n",[18,159746,159747],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159748,159749,159751,159753,159755],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159750,248],{"class":57},[43,159752,54],{"class":53},[43,159754,42450],{"class":57},[43,159756,227],{"class":53},[14,159758,159759,159760,159762],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[18,159761,2642],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[29,159764,3927],{"id":3926},[34,159766,159768],{"className":36,"code":159767,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,159769,159770,159782,159796,159800,159808],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159771,159772,159774,159776,159778,159780],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159773,8202],{"class":207},[43,159775,212],{"class":211},[43,159777,932],{"class":81},[43,159779,5327],{"class":85},[43,159781,938],{"class":81},[43,159783,159784,159786,159788,159790,159792,159794],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,159785,50],{"class":49},[43,159787,54],{"class":53},[43,159789,248],{"class":57},[43,159791,54],{"class":53},[43,159793,7992],{"class":236},[43,159795,67],{"class":53},[43,159797,159798],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,159799,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,159801,159802,159804,159806],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,159803,208],{"class":207},[43,159805,212],{"class":211},[43,159807,2916],{"class":63},[43,159809,159810,159812,159814,159816,159818,159820],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,159811,50],{"class":49},[43,159813,54],{"class":53},[43,159815,248],{"class":57},[43,159817,54],{"class":53},[43,159819,237],{"class":236},[43,159821,67],{"class":53},[14,159823,110],{},[34,159825,159826],{"className":36,"code":125133,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,159827,159828,159842],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159829,159830,159832,159834,159836,159838,159840],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159831,271],{"class":211},[43,159833,275],{"class":274},[43,159835,278],{"class":81},[43,159837,1038],{"class":85},[43,159839,283],{"class":81},[43,159841,286],{"class":211},[43,159843,159844,159846,159848,159850,159852,159854],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,159845,271],{"class":211},[43,159847,275],{"class":274},[43,159849,278],{"class":81},[43,159851,2069],{"class":85},[43,159853,283],{"class":81},[43,159855,286],{"class":211},[14,159857,133,159858,159861,159862,895,159865,315],{},[18,159859,159860],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[18,159863,159864],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[18,159866,159867],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[29,159869,13316,159871,159873],{"id":159870},"what-the-type-function-does",[18,159872,2642],{}," function does",[14,159875,159876,159878],{},[18,159877,2642],{}," returns the type of an object.",[14,159880,159881],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[150,159883,159884,159889,159894,159899,159904,159909],{},[153,159885,159886,159888],{},[18,159887,1038],{}," for text",[153,159890,159891,159893],{},[18,159892,2069],{}," for whole numbers",[153,159895,159896,159898],{},[18,159897,58],{}," for decimal numbers",[153,159900,159901,159903],{},[18,159902,849],{}," for lists",[153,159905,159906,159908],{},[18,159907,9140],{}," for dictionaries",[153,159910,159911,69154,159913,895,159915],{},[18,159912,4188],{},[18,159914,105],{},[18,159916,613],{},[14,159918,159919,159920,159922],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[18,159921,2642],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[29,159924,290],{"id":289},[14,159926,159927],{},"The main beginner form is:",[34,159929,159930],{"className":36,"code":159744,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,159931,159932],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159933,159934,159936,159938,159940],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159935,248],{"class":57},[43,159937,54],{"class":53},[43,159939,42450],{"class":57},[43,159941,227],{"class":53},[14,159943,159944],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[14,159946,197],{},[34,159948,159950],{"className":36,"code":159949,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[18,159951,159952],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159953,159954,159956,159958,159960,159962,159964,159966,159968],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159955,50],{"class":49},[43,159957,54],{"class":53},[43,159959,248],{"class":57},[43,159961,54],{"class":53},[43,159963,82],{"class":81},[43,159965,710],{"class":85},[43,159967,82],{"class":81},[43,159969,67],{"class":53},[14,159971,110],{},[34,159973,159974],{"className":36,"code":45823,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,159975,159976],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,159977,159978,159980,159982,159984,159986,159988],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,159979,271],{"class":211},[43,159981,275],{"class":274},[43,159983,278],{"class":81},[43,159985,1038],{"class":85},[43,159987,283],{"class":81},[43,159989,286],{"class":211},[14,159991,159992],{},"You can pass either:",[150,159994,159995,160002],{},[153,159996,159997,159998,2172,160000],{},"a literal value such as ",[18,159999,64593],{},[18,160001,46579],{},[153,160003,160004,160005,2172,160007],{},"a variable such as ",[18,160006,7992],{},[18,160008,9615],{},[29,160010,121945],{"id":121944},[14,160012,160013],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[34,160015,160017],{"className":36,"code":160016,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[18,160018,160019,160037,160051,160065,160087,160113],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160020,160021,160023,160025,160027,160029,160031,160033,160035],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160022,50],{"class":49},[43,160024,54],{"class":53},[43,160026,248],{"class":57},[43,160028,54],{"class":53},[43,160030,82],{"class":81},[43,160032,710],{"class":85},[43,160034,82],{"class":81},[43,160036,67],{"class":53},[43,160038,160039,160041,160043,160045,160047,160049],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,160040,50],{"class":49},[43,160042,54],{"class":53},[43,160044,248],{"class":57},[43,160046,54],{"class":53},[43,160048,512],{"class":63},[43,160050,67],{"class":53},[43,160052,160053,160055,160057,160059,160061,160063],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,160054,50],{"class":49},[43,160056,54],{"class":53},[43,160058,248],{"class":57},[43,160060,54],{"class":53},[43,160062,86],{"class":63},[43,160064,67],{"class":53},[43,160066,160067,160069,160071,160073,160075,160077,160079,160081,160083,160085],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,160068,50],{"class":49},[43,160070,54],{"class":53},[43,160072,248],{"class":57},[43,160074,794],{"class":53},[43,160076,797],{"class":63},[43,160078,800],{"class":53},[43,160080,803],{"class":63},[43,160082,800],{"class":53},[43,160084,808],{"class":63},[43,160086,811],{"class":53},[43,160088,160089,160091,160093,160095,160097,160099,160101,160103,160105,160107,160109,160111],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,160090,50],{"class":49},[43,160092,54],{"class":53},[43,160094,248],{"class":57},[43,160096,5855],{"class":53},[43,160098,82],{"class":81},[43,160100,7992],{"class":85},[43,160102,82],{"class":81},[43,160104,325],{"class":53},[43,160106,932],{"class":81},[43,160108,5327],{"class":85},[43,160110,82],{"class":81},[43,160112,5864],{"class":53},[43,160114,160115,160117,160119,160121,160123,160125],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,160116,50],{"class":49},[43,160118,54],{"class":53},[43,160120,248],{"class":57},[43,160122,54],{"class":53},[43,160124,105],{"class":104},[43,160126,67],{"class":53},[14,160128,110],{},[34,160130,160132],{"className":36,"code":160131,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[18,160133,160134,160148,160162,160176,160190,160204],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160135,160136,160138,160140,160142,160144,160146],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160137,271],{"class":211},[43,160139,275],{"class":274},[43,160141,278],{"class":81},[43,160143,1038],{"class":85},[43,160145,283],{"class":81},[43,160147,286],{"class":211},[43,160149,160150,160152,160154,160156,160158,160160],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,160151,271],{"class":211},[43,160153,275],{"class":274},[43,160155,278],{"class":81},[43,160157,2069],{"class":85},[43,160159,283],{"class":81},[43,160161,286],{"class":211},[43,160163,160164,160166,160168,160170,160172,160174],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,160165,271],{"class":211},[43,160167,275],{"class":274},[43,160169,278],{"class":81},[43,160171,58],{"class":85},[43,160173,283],{"class":81},[43,160175,286],{"class":211},[43,160177,160178,160180,160182,160184,160186,160188],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,160179,271],{"class":211},[43,160181,275],{"class":274},[43,160183,278],{"class":81},[43,160185,849],{"class":85},[43,160187,283],{"class":81},[43,160189,286],{"class":211},[43,160191,160192,160194,160196,160198,160200,160202],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,160193,271],{"class":211},[43,160195,275],{"class":274},[43,160197,278],{"class":81},[43,160199,9140],{"class":85},[43,160201,283],{"class":81},[43,160203,286],{"class":211},[43,160205,160206,160208,160210,160212,160214,160216],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,160207,271],{"class":211},[43,160209,275],{"class":274},[43,160211,278],{"class":81},[43,160213,4188],{"class":85},[43,160215,283],{"class":81},[43,160217,286],{"class":211},[14,160219,160220],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[14,160222,160223,160224,315],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[189,160225,44850],{"href":49032},[29,160227,8738,160229,160231],{"id":160228},"using-type-with-variables",[18,160230,2642],{}," with variables",[14,160233,160234],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[14,160236,160237],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[34,160239,160241],{"className":36,"code":160240,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[18,160242,160243,160251,160269,160273,160285,160303,160307,160319],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160244,160245,160247,160249],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160246,1589],{"class":207},[43,160248,212],{"class":211},[43,160250,2916],{"class":63},[43,160252,160253,160255,160257,160259,160261,160263,160265,160267],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,160254,50],{"class":49},[43,160256,54],{"class":53},[43,160258,307],{"class":236},[43,160260,800],{"class":53},[43,160262,49444],{"class":57},[43,160264,54],{"class":53},[43,160266,307],{"class":236},[43,160268,67],{"class":53},[43,160270,160271],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,160272,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,160274,160275,160277,160279,160281,160283],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,160276,1589],{"class":207},[43,160278,212],{"class":211},[43,160280,932],{"class":81},[43,160282,45960],{"class":85},[43,160284,938],{"class":81},[43,160286,160287,160289,160291,160293,160295,160297,160299,160301],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,160288,50],{"class":49},[43,160290,54],{"class":53},[43,160292,307],{"class":236},[43,160294,800],{"class":53},[43,160296,49444],{"class":57},[43,160298,54],{"class":53},[43,160300,307],{"class":236},[43,160302,67],{"class":53},[43,160304,160305],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,160306,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,160308,160309,160311,160313,160315,160317],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,160310,1589],{"class":207},[43,160312,212],{"class":211},[43,160314,3942],{"class":53},[43,160316,512],{"class":63},[43,160318,3955],{"class":53},[43,160320,160321,160323,160325,160327,160329,160331,160333,160335],{"class":45,"line":1847},[43,160322,50],{"class":49},[43,160324,54],{"class":53},[43,160326,307],{"class":236},[43,160328,800],{"class":53},[43,160330,49444],{"class":57},[43,160332,54],{"class":53},[43,160334,307],{"class":236},[43,160336,67],{"class":53},[14,160338,110],{},[34,160340,160342],{"className":36,"code":160341,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,160343,160344,160361,160378],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160345,160346,160348,160351,160353,160355,160357,160359],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160347,512],{"class":63},[43,160349,160350],{"class":211}," \u003C",[43,160352,275],{"class":274},[43,160354,278],{"class":81},[43,160356,2069],{"class":85},[43,160358,283],{"class":81},[43,160360,286],{"class":211},[43,160362,160363,160366,160368,160370,160372,160374,160376],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,160364,160365],{"class":207},"ten ",[43,160367,271],{"class":211},[43,160369,275],{"class":274},[43,160371,278],{"class":81},[43,160373,1038],{"class":85},[43,160375,283],{"class":81},[43,160377,286],{"class":211},[43,160379,160380,160382,160384,160386,160388,160390,160392,160394,160396],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,160381,4221],{"class":53},[43,160383,512],{"class":63},[43,160385,13594],{"class":53},[43,160387,160350],{"class":211},[43,160389,275],{"class":274},[43,160391,278],{"class":81},[43,160393,849],{"class":85},[43,160395,283],{"class":81},[43,160397,286],{"class":211},[14,160399,160400,160402],{},[18,160401,2642],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[14,160404,160405],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[34,160407,160409],{"className":36,"code":160408,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,160410,160411,160429,160443,160447,160461],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160412,160413,160415,160417,160419,160421,160423,160425,160427],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160414,3710],{"class":207},[43,160416,212],{"class":211},[43,160418,1096],{"class":49},[43,160420,54],{"class":53},[43,160422,82],{"class":81},[43,160424,1914],{"class":85},[43,160426,82],{"class":81},[43,160428,227],{"class":53},[43,160430,160431,160433,160435,160437,160439,160441],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,160432,50],{"class":49},[43,160434,54],{"class":53},[43,160436,248],{"class":57},[43,160438,54],{"class":53},[43,160440,3736],{"class":236},[43,160442,67],{"class":53},[43,160444,160445],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,160446,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,160448,160449,160451,160453,160455,160457,160459],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,160450,123057],{"class":207},[43,160452,212],{"class":211},[43,160454,45329],{"class":57},[43,160456,54],{"class":53},[43,160458,3736],{"class":236},[43,160460,227],{"class":53},[43,160462,160463,160465,160467,160469,160471,160473],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,160464,50],{"class":49},[43,160466,54],{"class":53},[43,160468,248],{"class":57},[43,160470,54],{"class":53},[43,160472,123080],{"class":236},[43,160474,67],{"class":53},[14,160476,1144,160477,1148],{},[18,160478,9509],{},[34,160480,160481],{"className":36,"code":125133,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,160482,160483,160497],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160484,160485,160487,160489,160491,160493,160495],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160486,271],{"class":211},[43,160488,275],{"class":274},[43,160490,278],{"class":81},[43,160492,1038],{"class":85},[43,160494,283],{"class":81},[43,160496,286],{"class":211},[43,160498,160499,160501,160503,160505,160507,160509],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,160500,271],{"class":211},[43,160502,275],{"class":274},[43,160504,278],{"class":81},[43,160506,2069],{"class":85},[43,160508,283],{"class":81},[43,160510,286],{"class":211},[14,160512,45756,160513,160517,160518,2172,160522,160526],{},[189,160514,160515],{"href":191},[18,160516,194],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[189,160519,160520],{"href":2151},[18,160521,2009],{},[189,160523,160524],{"href":3209},[18,160525,20],{}," if you need a number.",[14,160528,160529,160530,315],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[189,160531,1164],{"href":1163},[29,160533,160535,10901,160537],{"id":160534},"type-vs-isinstance",[18,160536,2642],{},[18,160538,44858],{},[14,160540,160541,895,160543,160545],{},[18,160542,2642],{},[18,160544,44858],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[150,160547,160548,160553],{},[153,160549,160550,160552],{},[18,160551,2642],{}," tells you the exact type",[153,160554,160555,160557],{},[18,160556,44858],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[14,160559,197],{},[34,160561,160563],{"className":36,"code":160562,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,160564,160565,160573,160577,160591],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160566,160567,160569,160571],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160568,1589],{"class":207},[43,160570,212],{"class":211},[43,160572,35164],{"class":63},[43,160574,160575],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,160576,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,160578,160579,160581,160583,160585,160587,160589],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,160580,50],{"class":49},[43,160582,54],{"class":53},[43,160584,248],{"class":57},[43,160586,54],{"class":53},[43,160588,307],{"class":236},[43,160590,67],{"class":53},[43,160592,160593,160595,160597,160599,160601,160603,160605,160607],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,160594,50],{"class":49},[43,160596,54],{"class":53},[43,160598,48929],{"class":49},[43,160600,54],{"class":53},[43,160602,307],{"class":236},[43,160604,800],{"class":53},[43,160606,45329],{"class":57},[43,160608,67],{"class":53},[14,160610,110],{},[34,160612,160614],{"className":36,"code":160613,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[18,160615,160616,160630],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160617,160618,160620,160622,160624,160626,160628],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160619,271],{"class":211},[43,160621,275],{"class":274},[43,160623,278],{"class":81},[43,160625,2069],{"class":85},[43,160627,283],{"class":81},[43,160629,286],{"class":211},[43,160631,160632],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,160633,4301],{"class":104},[14,160635,160636,160637,160639],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[18,160638,44858],{}," is more practical.",[34,160641,160643],{"className":36,"code":160642,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[18,160644,160645,160653,160657,160673],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160646,160647,160649,160651],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160648,1589],{"class":207},[43,160650,212],{"class":211},[43,160652,35164],{"class":63},[43,160654,160655],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,160656,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,160658,160659,160661,160663,160665,160667,160669,160671],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,160660,7323],{"class":1927},[43,160662,49667],{"class":49},[43,160664,54],{"class":53},[43,160666,307],{"class":236},[43,160668,800],{"class":53},[43,160670,45329],{"class":57},[43,160672,8662],{"class":53},[43,160674,160675,160677,160679,160681,160684,160686],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,160676,1951],{"class":49},[43,160678,54],{"class":53},[43,160680,82],{"class":81},[43,160682,160683],{"class":85},"This is an integer",[43,160685,82],{"class":81},[43,160687,227],{"class":53},[14,160689,133,160690,160692],{},[18,160691,2642],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[14,160694,133,160695,160697,160698,7498],{},[18,160696,44858],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[18,160699,7323],{},[14,160701,160702,160703,315],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[189,160704,3894,160706,3827],{"href":160705},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[18,160707,44858],{},[29,160709,160711,160712],{"id":160710},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[18,160713,2642],{},[14,160715,160716],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[34,160718,160720],{"className":36,"code":160719,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[18,160721,160722],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160723,160724,160726,160728,160730,160732,160735,160737,160739],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160725,248],{"class":57},[43,160727,54],{"class":53},[43,160729,7992],{"class":236},[43,160731,800],{"class":53},[43,160733,160734],{"class":236}," bases",[43,160736,800],{"class":53},[43,160738,9486],{"class":57},[43,160740,227],{"class":53},[14,160742,160743],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[14,160745,197],{},[34,160747,160749],{"className":36,"code":160748,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[18,160750,160751,160794,160798,160808],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160752,160753,160756,160758,160760,160762,160764,160767,160769,160771,160774,160776,160778,160781,160783,160785,160787,160790,160792],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160754,160755],{"class":207},"Person ",[43,160757,212],{"class":211},[43,160759,49444],{"class":57},[43,160761,54],{"class":53},[43,160763,82],{"class":81},[43,160765,160766],{"class":85},"Person",[43,160768,82],{"class":81},[43,160770,800],{"class":53},[43,160772,160773],{"class":53}," (),",[43,160775,1649],{"class":53},[43,160777,82],{"class":81},[43,160779,160780],{"class":85},"species",[43,160782,82],{"class":81},[43,160784,325],{"class":53},[43,160786,932],{"class":81},[43,160788,160789],{"class":85},"human",[43,160791,82],{"class":81},[43,160793,30817],{"class":53},[43,160795,160796],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,160797,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,160799,160800,160802,160804,160806],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,160801,50],{"class":49},[43,160803,54],{"class":53},[43,160805,160766],{"class":236},[43,160807,227],{"class":53},[43,160809,160810,160812,160814,160816,160818,160820],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,160811,50],{"class":49},[43,160813,54],{"class":53},[43,160815,160766],{"class":236},[43,160817,315],{"class":53},[43,160819,160780],{"class":25074},[43,160821,227],{"class":53},[14,160823,110],{},[34,160825,160827],{"className":36,"code":160826,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[18,160828,160829,160844],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160830,160831,160833,160835,160837,160840,160842],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160832,271],{"class":211},[43,160834,275],{"class":274},[43,160836,278],{"class":81},[43,160838,160839],{"class":85},"__main__.Person",[43,160841,283],{"class":81},[43,160843,286],{"class":211},[43,160845,160846],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,160847,160848],{"class":207},"human\n",[14,160850,160851,160852,160854],{},"Most beginners do ",[913,160853,734],{}," need this form.",[14,160856,160857],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[29,160859,5284,160861],{"id":160860},"when-to-use-type",[18,160862,2642],{},[14,160864,160865,12763],{},[18,160866,2642],{},[150,160868,160869,160872,160875,160878],{},[153,160870,160871],{},"debug unexpected values",[153,160873,160874],{},"check what a conversion produced",[153,160876,160877],{},"learn Python data types",[153,160879,160880],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[14,160882,5797],{},[34,160884,160886],{"className":36,"code":160885,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,160887,160888,160900,160914,160918,160932],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160889,160890,160892,160894,160896,160898],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160891,927],{"class":207},[43,160893,212],{"class":211},[43,160895,932],{"class":81},[43,160897,50300],{"class":85},[43,160899,938],{"class":81},[43,160901,160902,160904,160906,160908,160910,160912],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,160903,208],{"class":207},[43,160905,212],{"class":211},[43,160907,45329],{"class":57},[43,160909,54],{"class":53},[43,160911,951],{"class":236},[43,160913,227],{"class":53},[43,160915,160916],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,160917,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,160919,160920,160922,160924,160926,160928,160930],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,160921,50],{"class":49},[43,160923,54],{"class":53},[43,160925,248],{"class":57},[43,160927,54],{"class":53},[43,160929,951],{"class":236},[43,160931,67],{"class":53},[43,160933,160934,160936,160938,160940,160942,160944],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,160935,50],{"class":49},[43,160937,54],{"class":53},[43,160939,248],{"class":57},[43,160941,54],{"class":53},[43,160943,237],{"class":236},[43,160945,67],{"class":53},[14,160947,110],{},[34,160949,160950],{"className":36,"code":125133,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,160951,160952,160966],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,160953,160954,160956,160958,160960,160962,160964],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,160955,271],{"class":211},[43,160957,275],{"class":274},[43,160959,278],{"class":81},[43,160961,1038],{"class":85},[43,160963,283],{"class":81},[43,160965,286],{"class":211},[43,160967,160968,160970,160972,160974,160976,160978],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,160969,271],{"class":211},[43,160971,275],{"class":274},[43,160973,278],{"class":81},[43,160975,2069],{"class":85},[43,160977,283],{"class":81},[43,160979,286],{"class":211},[14,160981,160982],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[14,160984,160985,160986,2534,160990,17395,160994,160998],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[189,160987,160988],{"href":2240},[18,160989,47737],{},[189,160991,160992],{"href":2151},[18,160993,2009],{},[189,160995,160996],{"href":3209},[18,160997,20],{}," are often the next step.",[29,161000,25681],{"id":25680},[14,161002,161003,161004,161006],{},"A few things about ",[18,161005,2642],{}," often confuse beginners.",[402,161008,161010,161013],{"id":161009},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[18,161011,161012],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[14,161015,64702],{},[34,161017,161019],{"className":36,"code":161018,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(5))\n",[18,161020,161021],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,161022,161023,161025,161027,161029,161031,161033],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,161024,50],{"class":49},[43,161026,54],{"class":53},[43,161028,248],{"class":57},[43,161030,54],{"class":53},[43,161032,64],{"class":63},[43,161034,67],{"class":53},[14,161036,122976],{},[34,161038,161039],{"className":36,"code":156488,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,161040,161041],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,161042,161043,161045,161047,161049,161051,161053],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,161044,271],{"class":211},[43,161046,275],{"class":274},[43,161048,278],{"class":81},[43,161050,2069],{"class":85},[43,161052,283],{"class":81},[43,161054,286],{"class":211},[14,161056,911,161057,161059,161060,315],{},[913,161058,734],{}," print just ",[18,161061,2069],{},[14,161063,7002,161064,161066],{},[18,161065,2642],{}," returns a class object.",[402,161068,161070,2733,161072],{"id":161069},"input-returns-str",[18,161071,194],{},[18,161073,1038],{},[14,161075,79601],{},[34,161077,161079],{"className":36,"code":161078,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,161080,161081,161099],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,161082,161083,161085,161087,161089,161091,161093,161095,161097],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,161084,1589],{"class":207},[43,161086,212],{"class":211},[43,161088,1096],{"class":49},[43,161090,54],{"class":53},[43,161092,82],{"class":81},[43,161094,46363],{"class":85},[43,161096,82],{"class":81},[43,161098,227],{"class":53},[43,161100,161101,161103,161105,161107,161109,161111],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,161102,50],{"class":49},[43,161104,54],{"class":53},[43,161106,248],{"class":57},[43,161108,54],{"class":53},[43,161110,307],{"class":236},[43,161112,67],{"class":53},[14,161114,161115],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[14,161117,161118,161119,2172,161121,315],{},"If you need a number, use ",[18,161120,2009],{},[18,161122,20],{},[402,161124,161126],{"id":161125},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[14,161128,161129],{},"Avoid code like this:",[34,161131,161133],{"className":36,"code":161132,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[18,161134,161135,161143,161147,161173],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,161136,161137,161139,161141],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,161138,1589],{"class":207},[43,161140,212],{"class":211},[43,161142,35164],{"class":63},[43,161144,161145],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,161146,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,161148,161149,161151,161153,161155,161157,161159,161161,161163,161165,161167,161169,161171],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,161150,7323],{"class":1927},[43,161152,48958],{"class":57},[43,161154,54],{"class":53},[43,161156,248],{"class":57},[43,161158,54],{"class":53},[43,161160,307],{"class":236},[43,161162,5686],{"class":53},[43,161164,6734],{"class":211},[43,161166,932],{"class":81},[43,161168,159867],{"class":85},[43,161170,82],{"class":81},[43,161172,1931],{"class":53},[43,161174,161175,161177,161179,161181,161184,161186],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,161176,1951],{"class":49},[43,161178,54],{"class":53},[43,161180,82],{"class":81},[43,161182,161183],{"class":85},"It is an int",[43,161185,82],{"class":81},[43,161187,227],{"class":53},[14,161189,161190],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[14,161192,161193],{},"Better options:",[34,161195,161197],{"className":36,"code":161196,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,161198,161199,161207,161211,161231],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,161200,161201,161203,161205],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,161202,1589],{"class":207},[43,161204,212],{"class":211},[43,161206,35164],{"class":63},[43,161208,161209],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,161210,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,161212,161213,161215,161217,161219,161221,161223,161225,161227,161229],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,161214,50],{"class":49},[43,161216,54],{"class":53},[43,161218,248],{"class":57},[43,161220,54],{"class":53},[43,161222,307],{"class":236},[43,161224,1221],{"class":53},[43,161226,6734],{"class":211},[43,161228,45329],{"class":57},[43,161230,227],{"class":53},[43,161232,161233,161235,161237,161239,161241,161243,161245,161247],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,161234,50],{"class":49},[43,161236,54],{"class":53},[43,161238,48929],{"class":49},[43,161240,54],{"class":53},[43,161242,307],{"class":236},[43,161244,800],{"class":53},[43,161246,45329],{"class":57},[43,161248,67],{"class":53},[14,161250,110],{},[34,161252,161253],{"className":36,"code":4828,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,161254,161255,161259],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,161256,161257],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,161258,4301],{"class":104},[43,161260,161261],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,161262,4301],{"class":104},[14,161264,161265,161266,161268],{},"In most real code, ",[18,161267,44858],{}," is the more useful check.",[29,161270,3160],{"id":3159},[14,161272,15055,161273,325],{},[18,161274,2642],{},[150,161276,161277,161287,161296,161305],{},[153,161278,8738,161279,161281,161282,161286],{},[18,161280,2642],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[189,161283,161284],{"href":191},[18,161285,194],{}," always returns a string",[153,161288,8773,161289,161291,161292,11407,161294],{},[18,161290,2642],{}," to return plain text like ",[18,161293,2069],{},[18,161295,159867],{},[153,161297,8738,161298,44682,161301,161304],{},[18,161299,161300],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[18,161302,161303],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[153,161306,161307],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[14,161309,161310,161311,315],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[189,161312,161314],{"href":161313},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[14,161316,144642],{},[34,161318,161320],{"className":36,"code":161319,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[18,161321,161322,161336,161346,161360,161370],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,161323,161324,161326,161328,161330,161332,161334],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,161325,50],{"class":49},[43,161327,54],{"class":53},[43,161329,248],{"class":57},[43,161331,54],{"class":53},[43,161333,307],{"class":236},[43,161335,67],{"class":53},[43,161337,161338,161340,161342,161344],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,161339,50],{"class":49},[43,161341,54],{"class":53},[43,161343,307],{"class":236},[43,161345,227],{"class":53},[43,161347,161348,161350,161352,161354,161356,161358],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,161349,50],{"class":49},[43,161351,54],{"class":53},[43,161353,1820],{"class":49},[43,161355,54],{"class":53},[43,161357,307],{"class":236},[43,161359,67],{"class":53},[43,161361,161362,161364,161366,161368],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,161363,32474],{"class":49},[43,161365,54],{"class":53},[43,161367,248],{"class":57},[43,161369,227],{"class":53},[43,161371,161372,161374,161376,161378],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,161373,34695],{"class":49},[43,161375,54],{"class":53},[43,161377,307],{"class":236},[43,161379,227],{"class":53},[14,161381,161382],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[29,161384,2162],{"id":2161},[402,161386,5466,161388,5469],{"id":161387},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[18,161389,2642],{},[14,161391,161392,161393,2534,161395,2534,161397,2537,161399,161401,161402,315],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[18,161394,1038],{},[18,161396,2069],{},[18,161398,849],{},[18,161400,9140],{},", shown as a class object like ",[18,161403,159864],{},[402,161405,15225,161407,57262,161409,2822],{"id":161406},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[18,161408,2642],{},[18,161410,44858],{},[14,161412,46418,161413,161415,161416,161418],{},[18,161414,2642],{}," shows the exact type. ",[18,161417,44858],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[402,161420,5481,161422,161425,161426,2822],{"id":161421},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[18,161423,161424],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[18,161427,1038],{},[14,161429,2194,161430,161432,161433,2172,161435,160526],{},[18,161431,194],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[18,161434,2009],{},[18,161436,20],{},[402,161438,5493,161440,161442],{"id":161439},"can-type-create-classes",[18,161441,2642],{}," create classes?",[14,161444,161445,161446,315],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[18,161447,161448],{},"type(object)",[29,161450,2229],{"id":2228},[150,161452,161453,161457,161463,161469,161473,161479,161485],{},[153,161454,161455],{},[189,161456,44850],{"href":49032},[153,161458,161459],{},[189,161460,3894,161461,3827],{"href":160705},[18,161462,44858],{},[153,161464,161465],{},[189,161466,3894,161467,3827],{"href":191},[18,161468,194],{},[153,161470,161471],{},[189,161472,2251],{"href":1163},[153,161474,161475],{},[189,161476,3894,161477,3827],{"href":2151},[18,161478,2009],{},[153,161480,161481],{},[189,161482,3894,161483,3827],{"href":3209},[18,161484,20],{},[153,161486,161487],{},[189,161488,3894,161489,3827],{"href":2240},[18,161490,47737],{},[2262,161492,161493],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":161495},[161496,161497,161499,161500,161501,161503,161505,161507,161509,161516,161517,161527],{"id":3926,"depth":70,"text":3927},{"id":159870,"depth":70,"text":161498},"What the type() function does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":121944,"depth":70,"text":121945},{"id":160228,"depth":70,"text":161502},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160534,"depth":70,"text":161504},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160710,"depth":70,"text":161506},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160860,"depth":70,"text":161508},"When to use type()",{"id":25680,"depth":70,"text":25681,"children":161510},[161511,161513,161515],{"id":161009,"depth":93,"text":161512},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":161069,"depth":93,"text":161514},"input() returns str",{"id":161125,"depth":93,"text":161126},{"id":3159,"depth":70,"text":3160},{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":161518},[161519,161521,161523,161525],{"id":161387,"depth":93,"text":161520},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161406,"depth":93,"text":161522},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161421,"depth":93,"text":161524},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161439,"depth":93,"text":161526},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159704,"description":161528},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161534,"title":161535,"body":161536,"description":164015,"extension":2312,"meta":164016,"navigation":958,"path":164017,"seo":164018,"stem":164019,"__hash__":164020},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161537,"toc":163972},[161538,161543,161548,161557,161559,161659,161661,161686,161691,161696,161712,161715,161717,161719,161744,161747,161750,161833,161835,161884,161887,162009,162011,162084,162088,162091,162205,162207,162233,162235,162256,162261,162265,162270,162273,162377,162379,162396,162405,162408,162495,162497,162508,162513,162519,162524,162530,162533,162626,162628,162677,162683,162686,162787,162789,162842,162847,162851,162854,162953,162955,162994,162997,163002,163004,163009,163013,163126,163130,163227,163231,163319,163321,163338,163342,163465,163471,163477,163483,163488,163491,163518,163522,163524,163618,163621,163625,163628,163715,163718,163753,163755,163792,163795,163803,163808,163813,163887,163894,163896,163901,163904,163910,163913,163919,163924,163930,163935,163939,163942,163944,163969],[10,161539,3894,161541,3898],{"id":161540},"python-zip-function-explained",[18,161542,64378],{},[14,161544,161545,161547],{},[18,161546,64378],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[14,161549,161550,161551,161553,161554,161556],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[18,161552,64378],{}," inside a ",[18,161555,6284],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[29,161558,32],{"id":31},[34,161560,161562],{"className":36,"code":161561,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,161563,161564,161596,161616,161620,161645],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,161565,161566,161568,161570,161572,161574,161576,161578,161580,161582,161584,161586,161588,161590,161592,161594],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,161567,5318],{"class":207},[43,161569,212],{"class":211},[43,161571,3942],{"class":53},[43,161573,82],{"class":81},[43,161575,13200],{"class":85},[43,161577,82],{"class":81},[43,161579,800],{"class":53},[43,161581,932],{"class":81},[43,161583,36264],{"class":85},[43,161585,82],{"class":81},[43,161587,800],{"class":53},[43,161589,932],{"class":81},[43,161591,36273],{"class":85},[43,161593,82],{"class":81},[43,161595,3955],{"class":53},[43,161597,161598,161600,161602,161604,161606,161608,161610,161612,161614],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,161599,5387],{"class":207},[43,161601,212],{"class":211},[43,161603,3942],{"class":53},[43,161605,13823],{"class":63},[43,161607,800],{"class":53},[43,161609,13828],{"class":63},[43,161611,800],{"class":53},[43,161613,29245],{"class":63},[43,161615,3955],{"class":53},[43,161617,161618],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,161619,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,161621,161622,161624,161626,161628,161630,161632,161635,161637,161639,161641,161643],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,161623,6284],{"class":1927},[43,161625,36315],{"class":207},[43,161627,800],{"class":53},[43,161629,5429],{"class":207},[43,161631,4203],{"class":1927},[43,161633,161634],{"class":49}," zip",[43,161636,54],{"class":53},[43,161638,5362],{"class":236},[43,161640,800],{"class":53},[43,161642,5434],{"class":236},[43,161644,8662],{"class":53},[43,161646,161647,161649,161651,161653,161655,161657],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,161648,1951],{"class":49},[43,161650,54],{"class":53},[43,161652,7992],{"class":236},[43,161654,800],{"class":53},[43,161656,130922],{"class":236},[43,161658,227],{"class":53},[14,161660,110],{},[34,161662,161664],{"className":36,"code":161663,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[18,161665,161666,161672,161679],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,161667,161668,161670],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,161669,133941],{"class":207},[43,161671,33458],{"class":63},[43,161673,161674,161677],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,161675,161676],{"class":207},"Ben ",[43,161678,33463],{"class":63},[43,161680,161681,161684],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,161682,161683],{"class":207},"Cara ",[43,161685,33468],{"class":63},[14,161687,133,161688,161690],{},[18,161689,64378],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[29,161692,3998,161694,4001],{"id":161693},"what-zip-does",[18,161695,64378],{},[150,161697,161698,161703,161706,161709],{},[153,161699,161700,161702],{},[18,161701,64378],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[153,161704,161705],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[153,161707,161708],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[153,161710,161711],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[14,161713,161714],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[29,161716,290],{"id":289},[14,161718,293],{},[34,161720,161722],{"className":36,"code":161721,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[18,161723,161724],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,161725,161726,161728,161730,161733,161735,161738,161740,161742],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,161727,64448],{"class":49},[43,161729,54],{"class":53},[43,161731,161732],{"class":236},"iterable1",[43,161734,800],{"class":53},[43,161736,161737],{"class":236}," iterable2",[43,161739,800],{"class":53},[43,161741,34777],{"class":49},[43,161743,227],{"class":53},[14,161745,161746],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[14,161748,161749],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[34,161751,161753],{"className":36,"code":161752,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[18,161754,161755,161775,161807,161811],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,161756,161757,161759,161761,161763,161765,161767,161769,161771,161773],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,161758,3937],{"class":207},[43,161760,212],{"class":211},[43,161762,3942],{"class":53},[43,161764,797],{"class":63},[43,161766,800],{"class":53},[43,161768,803],{"class":63},[43,161770,800],{"class":53},[43,161772,808],{"class":63},[43,161774,3955],{"class":53},[43,161776,161777,161779,161781,161783,161785,161787,161789,161791,161793,161795,161797,161799,161801,161803,161805],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,161778,36414],{"class":207},[43,161780,212],{"class":211},[43,161782,3942],{"class":53},[43,161784,82],{"class":81},[43,161786,189],{"class":85},[43,161788,82],{"class":81},[43,161790,800],{"class":53},[43,161792,932],{"class":81},[43,161794,1231],{"class":85},[43,161796,82],{"class":81},[43,161798,800],{"class":53},[43,161800,932],{"class":81},[43,161802,10055],{"class":85},[43,161804,82],{"class":81},[43,161806,3955],{"class":53},[43,161808,161809],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,161810,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,161812,161813,161815,161817,161819,161821,161823,161825,161827,161829,161831],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,161814,50],{"class":49},[43,161816,54],{"class":53},[43,161818,849],{"class":57},[43,161820,54],{"class":53},[43,161822,64448],{"class":49},[43,161824,54],{"class":53},[43,161826,3969],{"class":236},[43,161828,800],{"class":53},[43,161830,70155],{"class":236},[43,161832,3239],{"class":53},[14,161834,110],{},[34,161836,161838],{"className":36,"code":161837,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[18,161839,161840],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,161841,161842,161844,161846,161848,161850,161852,161854,161856,161858,161860,161862,161864,161866,161868,161870,161872,161874,161876,161878,161880,161882],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,161843,22063],{"class":53},[43,161845,797],{"class":63},[43,161847,800],{"class":53},[43,161849,278],{"class":81},[43,161851,189],{"class":85},[43,161853,283],{"class":81},[43,161855,9549],{"class":53},[43,161857,9552],{"class":53},[43,161859,447],{"class":63},[43,161861,800],{"class":53},[43,161863,278],{"class":81},[43,161865,1231],{"class":85},[43,161867,283],{"class":81},[43,161869,9549],{"class":53},[43,161871,9552],{"class":53},[43,161873,2409],{"class":63},[43,161875,800],{"class":53},[43,161877,278],{"class":81},[43,161879,10055],{"class":85},[43,161881,283],{"class":81},[43,161883,9565],{"class":53},[14,161885,161886],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[34,161888,161890],{"className":36,"code":161889,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[18,161891,161892,161924,161944,161978,161982],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,161893,161894,161896,161898,161900,161902,161904,161906,161908,161910,161912,161914,161916,161918,161920,161922],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,161895,5318],{"class":207},[43,161897,212],{"class":211},[43,161899,3942],{"class":53},[43,161901,82],{"class":81},[43,161903,13200],{"class":85},[43,161905,82],{"class":81},[43,161907,800],{"class":53},[43,161909,932],{"class":81},[43,161911,36264],{"class":85},[43,161913,82],{"class":81},[43,161915,800],{"class":53},[43,161917,932],{"class":81},[43,161919,36273],{"class":85},[43,161921,82],{"class":81},[43,161923,3955],{"class":53},[43,161925,161926,161928,161930,161932,161934,161936,161938,161940,161942],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,161927,5387],{"class":207},[43,161929,212],{"class":211},[43,161931,3942],{"class":53},[43,161933,13823],{"class":63},[43,161935,800],{"class":53},[43,161937,13828],{"class":63},[43,161939,800],{"class":53},[43,161941,29245],{"class":63},[43,161943,3955],{"class":53},[43,161945,161946,161949,161951,161953,161955,161957,161959,161961,161963,161965,161967,161969,161971,161974,161976],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,161947,161948],{"class":207},"grades ",[43,161950,212],{"class":211},[43,161952,3942],{"class":53},[43,161954,82],{"class":81},[43,161956,22568],{"class":85},[43,161958,82],{"class":81},[43,161960,800],{"class":53},[43,161962,932],{"class":81},[43,161964,30921],{"class":85},[43,161966,82],{"class":81},[43,161968,800],{"class":53},[43,161970,932],{"class":81},[43,161972,161973],{"class":85},"B+",[43,161975,82],{"class":81},[43,161977,3955],{"class":53},[43,161979,161980],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,161981,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,161983,161984,161986,161988,161990,161992,161994,161996,161998,162000,162002,162004,162007],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,161985,50],{"class":49},[43,161987,54],{"class":53},[43,161989,849],{"class":57},[43,161991,54],{"class":53},[43,161993,64448],{"class":49},[43,161995,54],{"class":53},[43,161997,5362],{"class":236},[43,161999,800],{"class":53},[43,162001,5434],{"class":236},[43,162003,800],{"class":53},[43,162005,162006],{"class":236}," grades",[43,162008,3239],{"class":53},[14,162010,110],{},[34,162012,162014],{"className":36,"code":162013,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[18,162015,162016],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,162017,162018,162020,162022,162024,162026,162028,162030,162032,162034,162036,162038,162040,162042,162044,162046,162048,162050,162052,162054,162056,162058,162060,162062,162064,162066,162068,162070,162072,162074,162076,162078,162080,162082],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,162019,22063],{"class":53},[43,162021,283],{"class":81},[43,162023,13200],{"class":85},[43,162025,283],{"class":81},[43,162027,800],{"class":53},[43,162029,20221],{"class":63},[43,162031,800],{"class":53},[43,162033,278],{"class":81},[43,162035,22568],{"class":85},[43,162037,283],{"class":81},[43,162039,9549],{"class":53},[43,162041,9552],{"class":53},[43,162043,283],{"class":81},[43,162045,36264],{"class":85},[43,162047,283],{"class":81},[43,162049,800],{"class":53},[43,162051,13828],{"class":63},[43,162053,800],{"class":53},[43,162055,278],{"class":81},[43,162057,30921],{"class":85},[43,162059,283],{"class":81},[43,162061,9549],{"class":53},[43,162063,9552],{"class":53},[43,162065,283],{"class":81},[43,162067,36273],{"class":85},[43,162069,283],{"class":81},[43,162071,800],{"class":53},[43,162073,29245],{"class":63},[43,162075,800],{"class":53},[43,162077,278],{"class":81},[43,162079,161973],{"class":85},[43,162081,283],{"class":81},[43,162083,9565],{"class":53},[29,162085,162087],{"id":162086},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[14,162089,162090],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[34,162092,162094],{"className":36,"code":162093,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[18,162095,162096,162128,162148,162152,162176],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,162097,162098,162100,162102,162104,162106,162108,162110,162112,162114,162116,162118,162120,162122,162124,162126],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,162099,5318],{"class":207},[43,162101,212],{"class":211},[43,162103,3942],{"class":53},[43,162105,82],{"class":81},[43,162107,13200],{"class":85},[43,162109,82],{"class":81},[43,162111,800],{"class":53},[43,162113,932],{"class":81},[43,162115,36264],{"class":85},[43,162117,82],{"class":81},[43,162119,800],{"class":53},[43,162121,932],{"class":81},[43,162123,36273],{"class":85},[43,162125,82],{"class":81},[43,162127,3955],{"class":53},[43,162129,162130,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140,162142,162144,162146],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,162131,5387],{"class":207},[43,162133,212],{"class":211},[43,162135,3942],{"class":53},[43,162137,13823],{"class":63},[43,162139,800],{"class":53},[43,162141,13828],{"class":63},[43,162143,800],{"class":53},[43,162145,29245],{"class":63},[43,162147,3955],{"class":53},[43,162149,162150],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,162151,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,162153,162154,162156,162158,162160,162162,162164,162166,162168,162170,162172,162174],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,162155,6284],{"class":1927},[43,162157,36315],{"class":207},[43,162159,800],{"class":53},[43,162161,5429],{"class":207},[43,162163,4203],{"class":1927},[43,162165,161634],{"class":49},[43,162167,54],{"class":53},[43,162169,5362],{"class":236},[43,162171,800],{"class":53},[43,162173,5434],{"class":236},[43,162175,8662],{"class":53},[43,162177,162178,162180,162182,162184,162186,162188,162190,162192,162195,162197,162199,162201,162203],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,162179,1951],{"class":49},[43,162181,54],{"class":53},[43,162183,22617],{"class":274},[43,162185,82],{"class":85},[43,162187,9594],{"class":63},[43,162189,7992],{"class":236},[43,162191,22626],{"class":63},[43,162193,162194],{"class":85}," scored ",[43,162196,9594],{"class":63},[43,162198,85579],{"class":236},[43,162200,22626],{"class":63},[43,162202,82],{"class":85},[43,162204,227],{"class":53},[14,162206,110],{},[34,162208,162210],{"className":36,"code":162209,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[18,162211,162212,162219,162226],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,162213,162214,162217],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,162215,162216],{"class":207},"Ana scored ",[43,162218,33458],{"class":63},[43,162220,162221,162224],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,162222,162223],{"class":207},"Ben scored ",[43,162225,33463],{"class":63},[43,162227,162228,162231],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,162229,162230],{"class":207},"Cara scored ",[43,162232,33468],{"class":63},[14,162234,44983],{},[150,162236,162237,162246,162249],{},[153,162238,162239,162242,162243],{},[18,162240,162241],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[18,162244,162245],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[153,162247,162248],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[153,162250,162251,895,162253,162255],{},[18,162252,7992],{},[18,162254,85579],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[14,162257,162258,162259,315],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[189,162260,69672],{"href":69671},[29,162262,162264],{"id":162263},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[14,162266,162267,162269],{},[18,162268,64378],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,162271,162272],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[34,162274,162276],{"className":36,"code":162275,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,162277,162278,162319,162335,162339,162363],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,162279,162280,162282,162284,162286,162288,162290,162292,162294,162296,162298,162300,162302,162304,162306,162308,162310,162312,162315,162317],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,162281,5318],{"class":207},[43,162283,212],{"class":211},[43,162285,3942],{"class":53},[43,162287,82],{"class":81},[43,162289,13200],{"class":85},[43,162291,82],{"class":81},[43,162293,800],{"class":53},[43,162295,932],{"class":81},[43,162297,36264],{"class":85},[43,162299,82],{"class":81},[43,162301,800],{"class":53},[43,162303,932],{"class":81},[43,162305,36273],{"class":85},[43,162307,82],{"class":81},[43,162309,800],{"class":53},[43,162311,932],{"class":81},[43,162313,162314],{"class":85},"Dan",[43,162316,82],{"class":81},[43,162318,3955],{"class":53},[43,162320,162321,162323,162325,162327,162329,162331,162333],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,162322,5387],{"class":207},[43,162324,212],{"class":211},[43,162326,3942],{"class":53},[43,162328,13823],{"class":63},[43,162330,800],{"class":53},[43,162332,13828],{"class":63},[43,162334,3955],{"class":53},[43,162336,162337],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,162338,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,162340,162341,162343,162345,162347,162349,162351,162353,162355,162357,162359,162361],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,162342,6284],{"class":1927},[43,162344,36315],{"class":207},[43,162346,800],{"class":53},[43,162348,5429],{"class":207},[43,162350,4203],{"class":1927},[43,162352,161634],{"class":49},[43,162354,54],{"class":53},[43,162356,5362],{"class":236},[43,162358,800],{"class":53},[43,162360,5434],{"class":236},[43,162362,8662],{"class":53},[43,162364,162365,162367,162369,162371,162373,162375],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,162366,1951],{"class":49},[43,162368,54],{"class":53},[43,162370,7992],{"class":236},[43,162372,800],{"class":53},[43,162374,130922],{"class":236},[43,162376,227],{"class":53},[14,162378,110],{},[34,162380,162382],{"className":36,"code":162381,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[18,162383,162384,162390],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,162385,162386,162388],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,162387,133941],{"class":207},[43,162389,33458],{"class":63},[43,162391,162392,162394],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,162393,161676],{"class":207},[43,162395,33463],{"class":63},[14,162397,2626,162398,895,162401,162404],{},[18,162399,162400],{},"\"Cara\"",[18,162402,162403],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[14,162406,162407],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[34,162409,162411],{"className":36,"code":162410,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[18,162412,162413,162453,162469,162473],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,162414,162415,162417,162419,162421,162423,162425,162427,162429,162431,162433,162435,162437,162439,162441,162443,162445,162447,162449,162451],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,162416,5318],{"class":207},[43,162418,212],{"class":211},[43,162420,3942],{"class":53},[43,162422,82],{"class":81},[43,162424,13200],{"class":85},[43,162426,82],{"class":81},[43,162428,800],{"class":53},[43,162430,932],{"class":81},[43,162432,36264],{"class":85},[43,162434,82],{"class":81},[43,162436,800],{"class":53},[43,162438,932],{"class":81},[43,162440,36273],{"class":85},[43,162442,82],{"class":81},[43,162444,800],{"class":53},[43,162446,932],{"class":81},[43,162448,162314],{"class":85},[43,162450,82],{"class":81},[43,162452,3955],{"class":53},[43,162454,162455,162457,162459,162461,162463,162465,162467],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,162456,5387],{"class":207},[43,162458,212],{"class":211},[43,162460,3942],{"class":53},[43,162462,13823],{"class":63},[43,162464,800],{"class":53},[43,162466,13828],{"class":63},[43,162468,3955],{"class":53},[43,162470,162471],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,162472,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,162474,162475,162477,162479,162481,162483,162485,162487,162489,162491,162493],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,162476,50],{"class":49},[43,162478,54],{"class":53},[43,162480,11477],{"class":49},[43,162482,54],{"class":53},[43,162484,5362],{"class":236},[43,162486,9549],{"class":53},[43,162488,38712],{"class":49},[43,162490,54],{"class":53},[43,162492,16711],{"class":236},[43,162494,67],{"class":53},[14,162496,110],{},[34,162498,162500],{"className":36,"code":162499,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"4 2\n",[18,162501,162502],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,162503,162504,162506],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,162505,2835],{"class":63},[43,162507,45642],{"class":63},[14,162509,162510,162511,315],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[18,162512,64378],{},[29,162514,92170,162516,162518],{"id":162515},"converting-zip-output",[18,162517,64378],{}," output",[14,162520,2194,162521,162523],{},[18,162522,64378],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[402,162525,133,162527],{"id":162526},"use-listzip",[18,162528,162529],{},"list(zip(...))",[14,162531,162532],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[34,162534,162536],{"className":36,"code":162535,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[18,162537,162538,162570,162590,162594,162616],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,162539,162540,162542,162544,162546,162548,162550,162552,162554,162556,162558,162560,162562,162564,162566,162568],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,162541,5318],{"class":207},[43,162543,212],{"class":211},[43,162545,3942],{"class":53},[43,162547,82],{"class":81},[43,162549,13200],{"class":85},[43,162551,82],{"class":81},[43,162553,800],{"class":53},[43,162555,932],{"class":81},[43,162557,36264],{"class":85},[43,162559,82],{"class":81},[43,162561,800],{"class":53},[43,162563,932],{"class":81},[43,162565,36273],{"class":85},[43,162567,82],{"class":81},[43,162569,3955],{"class":53},[43,162571,162572,162574,162576,162578,162580,162582,162584,162586,162588],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,162573,5387],{"class":207},[43,162575,212],{"class":211},[43,162577,3942],{"class":53},[43,162579,13823],{"class":63},[43,162581,800],{"class":53},[43,162583,13828],{"class":63},[43,162585,800],{"class":53},[43,162587,29245],{"class":63},[43,162589,3955],{"class":53},[43,162591,162592],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,162593,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,162595,162596,162598,162600,162602,162604,162606,162608,162610,162612,162614],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,162597,9531],{"class":207},[43,162599,212],{"class":211},[43,162601,22883],{"class":57},[43,162603,54],{"class":53},[43,162605,64448],{"class":49},[43,162607,54],{"class":53},[43,162609,5362],{"class":236},[43,162611,800],{"class":53},[43,162613,5434],{"class":236},[43,162615,67],{"class":53},[43,162617,162618,162620,162622,162624],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,162619,50],{"class":49},[43,162621,54],{"class":53},[43,162623,9578],{"class":236},[43,162625,227],{"class":53},[14,162627,110],{},[34,162629,162631],{"className":36,"code":162630,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[18,162632,162633],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,162634,162635,162637,162639,162641,162643,162645,162647,162649,162651,162653,162655,162657,162659,162661,162663,162665,162667,162669,162671,162673,162675],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,162636,22063],{"class":53},[43,162638,283],{"class":81},[43,162640,13200],{"class":85},[43,162642,283],{"class":81},[43,162644,800],{"class":53},[43,162646,20221],{"class":63},[43,162648,9549],{"class":53},[43,162650,9552],{"class":53},[43,162652,283],{"class":81},[43,162654,36264],{"class":85},[43,162656,283],{"class":81},[43,162658,800],{"class":53},[43,162660,13828],{"class":63},[43,162662,9549],{"class":53},[43,162664,9552],{"class":53},[43,162666,283],{"class":81},[43,162668,36273],{"class":85},[43,162670,283],{"class":81},[43,162672,800],{"class":53},[43,162674,29245],{"class":63},[43,162676,9565],{"class":53},[402,162678,133,162680],{"id":162679},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[18,162681,162682],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[14,162684,162685],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[34,162687,162689],{"className":36,"code":162688,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[18,162690,162691,162723,162751,162755,162777],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,162692,162693,162695,162697,162699,162701,162703,162705,162707,162709,162711,162713,162715,162717,162719,162721],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,162694,17565],{"class":207},[43,162696,212],{"class":211},[43,162698,3942],{"class":53},[43,162700,82],{"class":81},[43,162702,7992],{"class":85},[43,162704,82],{"class":81},[43,162706,800],{"class":53},[43,162708,932],{"class":81},[43,162710,9615],{"class":85},[43,162712,82],{"class":81},[43,162714,800],{"class":53},[43,162716,932],{"class":81},[43,162718,10725],{"class":85},[43,162720,82],{"class":81},[43,162722,3955],{"class":53},[43,162724,162725,162727,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739,162741,162743,162745,162747,162749],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,162726,4144],{"class":207},[43,162728,212],{"class":211},[43,162730,3942],{"class":53},[43,162732,82],{"class":81},[43,162734,13200],{"class":85},[43,162736,82],{"class":81},[43,162738,800],{"class":53},[43,162740,9622],{"class":63},[43,162742,800],{"class":53},[43,162744,932],{"class":81},[43,162746,16353],{"class":85},[43,162748,82],{"class":81},[43,162750,3955],{"class":53},[43,162752,162753],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,162754,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,162756,162757,162759,162761,162763,162765,162767,162769,162771,162773,162775],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,162758,13525],{"class":207},[43,162760,212],{"class":211},[43,162762,9486],{"class":57},[43,162764,54],{"class":53},[43,162766,64448],{"class":49},[43,162768,54],{"class":53},[43,162770,17246],{"class":236},[43,162772,800],{"class":53},[43,162774,4206],{"class":236},[43,162776,67],{"class":53},[43,162778,162779,162781,162783,162785],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,162780,50],{"class":49},[43,162782,54],{"class":53},[43,162784,17630],{"class":236},[43,162786,227],{"class":53},[14,162788,110],{},[34,162790,162792],{"className":36,"code":162791,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,162793,162794],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,162795,162796,162798,162800,162802,162804,162806,162808,162810,162812,162814,162816,162818,162820,162822,162824,162826,162828,162830,162832,162834,162836,162838,162840],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,162797,9594],{"class":53},[43,162799,283],{"class":81},[43,162801,7992],{"class":85},[43,162803,283],{"class":81},[43,162805,325],{"class":53},[43,162807,278],{"class":81},[43,162809,13200],{"class":85},[43,162811,283],{"class":81},[43,162813,800],{"class":53},[43,162815,278],{"class":81},[43,162817,9615],{"class":85},[43,162819,283],{"class":81},[43,162821,325],{"class":53},[43,162823,9622],{"class":63},[43,162825,800],{"class":53},[43,162827,278],{"class":81},[43,162829,10725],{"class":85},[43,162831,283],{"class":81},[43,162833,325],{"class":53},[43,162835,278],{"class":81},[43,162837,16353],{"class":85},[43,162839,283],{"class":81},[43,162841,1667],{"class":53},[14,162843,162844,162845,315],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[189,162846,31408],{"href":31407},[402,162848,162850],{"id":162849},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[14,162852,162853],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[34,162855,162857],{"className":36,"code":162856,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[18,162858,162859,162883,162899,162903,162921,162925,162939],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,162860,162861,162863,162865,162867,162869,162871,162873,162875,162877,162879,162881],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,162862,5318],{"class":207},[43,162864,212],{"class":211},[43,162866,3942],{"class":53},[43,162868,82],{"class":81},[43,162870,13200],{"class":85},[43,162872,82],{"class":81},[43,162874,800],{"class":53},[43,162876,932],{"class":81},[43,162878,36264],{"class":85},[43,162880,82],{"class":81},[43,162882,3955],{"class":53},[43,162884,162885,162887,162889,162891,162893,162895,162897],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,162886,5387],{"class":207},[43,162888,212],{"class":211},[43,162890,3942],{"class":53},[43,162892,13823],{"class":63},[43,162894,800],{"class":53},[43,162896,13828],{"class":63},[43,162898,3955],{"class":53},[43,162900,162901],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,162902,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,162904,162905,162907,162909,162911,162913,162915,162917,162919],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,162906,9531],{"class":207},[43,162908,212],{"class":211},[43,162910,161634],{"class":49},[43,162912,54],{"class":53},[43,162914,5362],{"class":236},[43,162916,800],{"class":53},[43,162918,5434],{"class":236},[43,162920,227],{"class":53},[43,162922,162923],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,162924,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,162926,162927,162929,162931,162933,162935,162937],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,162928,50],{"class":49},[43,162930,54],{"class":53},[43,162932,849],{"class":57},[43,162934,54],{"class":53},[43,162936,9578],{"class":236},[43,162938,67],{"class":53},[43,162940,162941,162943,162945,162947,162949,162951],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,162942,50],{"class":49},[43,162944,54],{"class":53},[43,162946,849],{"class":57},[43,162948,54],{"class":53},[43,162950,9578],{"class":236},[43,162952,67],{"class":53},[14,162954,110],{},[34,162956,162958],{"className":36,"code":162957,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[18,162959,162960,162990],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,162961,162962,162964,162966,162968,162970,162972,162974,162976,162978,162980,162982,162984,162986,162988],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,162963,22063],{"class":53},[43,162965,283],{"class":81},[43,162967,13200],{"class":85},[43,162969,283],{"class":81},[43,162971,800],{"class":53},[43,162973,20221],{"class":63},[43,162975,9549],{"class":53},[43,162977,9552],{"class":53},[43,162979,283],{"class":81},[43,162981,36264],{"class":85},[43,162983,283],{"class":81},[43,162985,800],{"class":53},[43,162987,13828],{"class":63},[43,162989,9565],{"class":53},[43,162991,162992],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,162993,38623],{"class":53},[14,162995,162996],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[14,162998,162999,163000,315],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[189,163001,5460],{"href":5912},[29,163003,1063],{"id":1062},[14,163005,163006,163007,315],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[18,163008,64378],{},[402,163010,163012],{"id":163011},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[34,163014,163016],{"className":36,"code":163015,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[18,163017,163018,163050,163070,163074,163098],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,163019,163020,163022,163024,163026,163028,163030,163032,163034,163036,163038,163040,163042,163044,163046,163048],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,163021,5318],{"class":207},[43,163023,212],{"class":211},[43,163025,3942],{"class":53},[43,163027,82],{"class":81},[43,163029,13200],{"class":85},[43,163031,82],{"class":81},[43,163033,800],{"class":53},[43,163035,932],{"class":81},[43,163037,36264],{"class":85},[43,163039,82],{"class":81},[43,163041,800],{"class":53},[43,163043,932],{"class":81},[43,163045,36273],{"class":85},[43,163047,82],{"class":81},[43,163049,3955],{"class":53},[43,163051,163052,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064,163066,163068],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,163053,5387],{"class":207},[43,163055,212],{"class":211},[43,163057,3942],{"class":53},[43,163059,13823],{"class":63},[43,163061,800],{"class":53},[43,163063,13828],{"class":63},[43,163065,800],{"class":53},[43,163067,29245],{"class":63},[43,163069,3955],{"class":53},[43,163071,163072],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,163073,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,163075,163076,163078,163080,163082,163084,163086,163088,163090,163092,163094,163096],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,163077,6284],{"class":1927},[43,163079,36315],{"class":207},[43,163081,800],{"class":53},[43,163083,5429],{"class":207},[43,163085,4203],{"class":1927},[43,163087,161634],{"class":49},[43,163089,54],{"class":53},[43,163091,5362],{"class":236},[43,163093,800],{"class":53},[43,163095,5434],{"class":236},[43,163097,8662],{"class":53},[43,163099,163100,163102,163104,163106,163108,163110,163112,163114,163116,163118,163120,163122,163124],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,163101,1951],{"class":49},[43,163103,54],{"class":53},[43,163105,22617],{"class":274},[43,163107,82],{"class":85},[43,163109,9594],{"class":63},[43,163111,7992],{"class":236},[43,163113,22626],{"class":63},[43,163115,22629],{"class":85},[43,163117,9594],{"class":63},[43,163119,85579],{"class":236},[43,163121,22626],{"class":63},[43,163123,82],{"class":85},[43,163125,227],{"class":53},[402,163127,163129],{"id":163128},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[34,163131,163133],{"className":36,"code":163132,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[18,163134,163135,163167,163191,163195,163217],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,163136,163137,163139,163141,163143,163145,163147,163149,163151,163153,163155,163157,163159,163161,163163,163165],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,163138,17565],{"class":207},[43,163140,212],{"class":211},[43,163142,3942],{"class":53},[43,163144,82],{"class":81},[43,163146,12968],{"class":85},[43,163148,82],{"class":81},[43,163150,800],{"class":53},[43,163152,932],{"class":81},[43,163154,7992],{"class":85},[43,163156,82],{"class":81},[43,163158,800],{"class":53},[43,163160,932],{"class":81},[43,163162,16143],{"class":85},[43,163164,82],{"class":81},[43,163166,3955],{"class":53},[43,163168,163169,163171,163173,163175,163177,163179,163181,163183,163185,163187,163189],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,163170,4144],{"class":207},[43,163172,212],{"class":211},[43,163174,3942],{"class":53},[43,163176,46645],{"class":63},[43,163178,800],{"class":53},[43,163180,932],{"class":81},[43,163182,13200],{"class":85},[43,163184,82],{"class":81},[43,163186,800],{"class":53},[43,163188,4237],{"class":104},[43,163190,3955],{"class":53},[43,163192,163193],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,163194,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,163196,163197,163199,163201,163203,163205,163207,163209,163211,163213,163215],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,163198,9481],{"class":207},[43,163200,212],{"class":211},[43,163202,9486],{"class":57},[43,163204,54],{"class":53},[43,163206,64448],{"class":49},[43,163208,54],{"class":53},[43,163210,17246],{"class":236},[43,163212,800],{"class":53},[43,163214,4206],{"class":236},[43,163216,67],{"class":53},[43,163218,163219,163221,163223,163225],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,163220,50],{"class":49},[43,163222,54],{"class":53},[43,163224,9520],{"class":236},[43,163226,227],{"class":53},[402,163228,163230],{"id":163229},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[34,163232,163234],{"className":36,"code":163233,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[18,163235,163236,163256,163276,163280,163305],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,163237,163238,163240,163242,163244,163246,163248,163250,163252,163254],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,163239,80717],{"class":207},[43,163241,212],{"class":211},[43,163243,3942],{"class":53},[43,163245,512],{"class":63},[43,163247,800],{"class":53},[43,163249,8115],{"class":63},[43,163251,800],{"class":53},[43,163253,8120],{"class":63},[43,163255,3955],{"class":53},[43,163257,163258,163260,163262,163264,163266,163268,163270,163272,163274],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,163259,80738],{"class":207},[43,163261,212],{"class":211},[43,163263,3942],{"class":53},[43,163265,512],{"class":63},[43,163267,800],{"class":53},[43,163269,9622],{"class":63},[43,163271,800],{"class":53},[43,163273,8120],{"class":63},[43,163275,3955],{"class":53},[43,163277,163278],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,163279,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,163281,163282,163284,163286,163288,163291,163293,163295,163297,163299,163301,163303],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,163283,6284],{"class":1927},[43,163285,56944],{"class":207},[43,163287,800],{"class":53},[43,163289,163290],{"class":207}," b ",[43,163292,4203],{"class":1927},[43,163294,161634],{"class":49},[43,163296,54],{"class":53},[43,163298,111809],{"class":236},[43,163300,800],{"class":53},[43,163302,80781],{"class":236},[43,163304,8662],{"class":53},[43,163306,163307,163309,163311,163313,163315,163317],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,163308,1951],{"class":49},[43,163310,54],{"class":53},[43,163312,1178],{"class":236},[43,163314,5012],{"class":211},[43,163316,2889],{"class":236},[43,163318,227],{"class":53},[14,163320,110],{},[34,163322,163324],{"className":36,"code":163323,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,163325,163326,163330,163334],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,163327,163328],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,163329,4301],{"class":104},[43,163331,163332],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,163333,4362],{"class":104},[43,163335,163336],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,163337,4301],{"class":104},[402,163339,163341],{"id":163340},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[34,163343,163345],{"className":36,"code":163344,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[18,163346,163347,163382,163405,163409,163436],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,163348,163349,163352,163354,163356,163358,163360,163362,163364,163366,163369,163371,163373,163375,163378,163380],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,163350,163351],{"class":207},"products ",[43,163353,212],{"class":211},[43,163355,3942],{"class":53},[43,163357,82],{"class":81},[43,163359,25465],{"class":85},[43,163361,82],{"class":81},[43,163363,800],{"class":53},[43,163365,932],{"class":81},[43,163367,163368],{"class":85},"Pen",[43,163370,82],{"class":81},[43,163372,800],{"class":53},[43,163374,932],{"class":81},[43,163376,163377],{"class":85},"Bag",[43,163379,82],{"class":81},[43,163381,3955],{"class":53},[43,163383,163384,163386,163388,163390,163393,163395,163398,163400,163403],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,163385,83107],{"class":207},[43,163387,212],{"class":211},[43,163389,3942],{"class":53},[43,163391,163392],{"class":63},"12.5",[43,163394,800],{"class":53},[43,163396,163397],{"class":63}," 1.2",[43,163399,800],{"class":53},[43,163401,163402],{"class":63}," 25.0",[43,163404,3955],{"class":53},[43,163406,163407],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,163408,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,163410,163411,163413,163415,163417,163420,163422,163424,163426,163429,163431,163434],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,163412,6284],{"class":1927},[43,163414,25525],{"class":207},[43,163416,800],{"class":53},[43,163418,163419],{"class":207}," price ",[43,163421,4203],{"class":1927},[43,163423,161634],{"class":49},[43,163425,54],{"class":53},[43,163427,163428],{"class":236},"products",[43,163430,800],{"class":53},[43,163432,163433],{"class":236}," prices",[43,163435,8662],{"class":53},[43,163437,163438,163440,163442,163444,163446,163448,163450,163452,163455,163457,163459,163461,163463],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,163439,1951],{"class":49},[43,163441,54],{"class":53},[43,163443,22617],{"class":274},[43,163445,82],{"class":85},[43,163447,9594],{"class":63},[43,163449,27333],{"class":236},[43,163451,22626],{"class":63},[43,163453,163454],{"class":85}," costs $",[43,163456,9594],{"class":63},[43,163458,389],{"class":236},[43,163460,22626],{"class":63},[43,163462,82],{"class":85},[43,163464,227],{"class":53},[14,163466,36926,163467,315],{},[189,163468,163470],{"href":163469},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[29,163472,163474,163475],{"id":163473},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[18,163476,64378],{},[402,163478,8773,163480,163482],{"id":163479},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[18,163481,64378],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[14,163484,163485,163487],{},[18,163486,64378],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,163489,163490],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[34,163492,163494],{"className":36,"code":163493,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[18,163495,163496],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,163497,163498,163500,163502,163504,163506,163508,163510,163512,163514,163516],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,163499,50],{"class":49},[43,163501,54],{"class":53},[43,163503,11477],{"class":49},[43,163505,54],{"class":53},[43,163507,111809],{"class":236},[43,163509,9549],{"class":53},[43,163511,38712],{"class":49},[43,163513,54],{"class":53},[43,163515,81004],{"class":236},[43,163517,67],{"class":53},[402,163519,163521],{"id":163520},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[14,163523,68895],{},[34,163525,163527],{"className":36,"code":163526,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[18,163528,163529,163565,163569,163582,163592,163596,163608],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,163530,163531,163533,163535,163537,163539,163541,163543,163545,163547,163549,163551,163553,163555,163557,163559,163561,163563],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,163532,9531],{"class":207},[43,163534,212],{"class":211},[43,163536,161634],{"class":49},[43,163538,794],{"class":53},[43,163540,797],{"class":63},[43,163542,800],{"class":53},[43,163544,803],{"class":63},[43,163546,18384],{"class":53},[43,163548,3942],{"class":53},[43,163550,82],{"class":81},[43,163552,189],{"class":85},[43,163554,82],{"class":81},[43,163556,800],{"class":53},[43,163558,932],{"class":81},[43,163560,1231],{"class":85},[43,163562,82],{"class":81},[43,163564,4209],{"class":53},[43,163566,163567],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,163568,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,163570,163571,163573,163575,163577,163580],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,163572,6284],{"class":1927},[43,163574,6287],{"class":207},[43,163576,4203],{"class":1927},[43,163578,163579],{"class":207}," pairs",[43,163581,1931],{"class":53},[43,163583,163584,163586,163588,163590],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,163585,1951],{"class":49},[43,163587,54],{"class":53},[43,163589,23634],{"class":236},[43,163591,227],{"class":53},[43,163593,163594],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,163595,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,163597,163598,163600,163602,163604,163606],{"class":45,"line":984},[43,163599,6284],{"class":1927},[43,163601,6287],{"class":207},[43,163603,4203],{"class":1927},[43,163605,163579],{"class":207},[43,163607,1931],{"class":53},[43,163609,163610,163612,163614,163616],{"class":45,"line":999},[43,163611,1951],{"class":49},[43,163613,54],{"class":53},[43,163615,23634],{"class":236},[43,163617,227],{"class":53},[14,163619,163620],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[402,163622,163624],{"id":163623},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[14,163626,163627],{},"This is correct:",[34,163629,163631],{"className":36,"code":163630,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,163632,163633,163657,163673,163677,163701],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,163634,163635,163637,163639,163641,163643,163645,163647,163649,163651,163653,163655],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,163636,5318],{"class":207},[43,163638,212],{"class":211},[43,163640,3942],{"class":53},[43,163642,82],{"class":81},[43,163644,13200],{"class":85},[43,163646,82],{"class":81},[43,163648,800],{"class":53},[43,163650,932],{"class":81},[43,163652,36264],{"class":85},[43,163654,82],{"class":81},[43,163656,3955],{"class":53},[43,163658,163659,163661,163663,163665,163667,163669,163671],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,163660,5387],{"class":207},[43,163662,212],{"class":211},[43,163664,3942],{"class":53},[43,163666,13823],{"class":63},[43,163668,800],{"class":53},[43,163670,13828],{"class":63},[43,163672,3955],{"class":53},[43,163674,163675],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,163676,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,163678,163679,163681,163683,163685,163687,163689,163691,163693,163695,163697,163699],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,163680,6284],{"class":1927},[43,163682,36315],{"class":207},[43,163684,800],{"class":53},[43,163686,5429],{"class":207},[43,163688,4203],{"class":1927},[43,163690,161634],{"class":49},[43,163692,54],{"class":53},[43,163694,5362],{"class":236},[43,163696,800],{"class":53},[43,163698,5434],{"class":236},[43,163700,8662],{"class":53},[43,163702,163703,163705,163707,163709,163711,163713],{"class":45,"line":973},[43,163704,1951],{"class":49},[43,163706,54],{"class":53},[43,163708,7992],{"class":236},[43,163710,800],{"class":53},[43,163712,130922],{"class":236},[43,163714,227],{"class":53},[14,163716,163717],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[34,163719,163721],{"className":36,"code":163720,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[18,163722,163723,163743],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,163724,163725,163727,163729,163731,163733,163735,163737,163739,163741],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,163726,6284],{"class":1927},[43,163728,6287],{"class":207},[43,163730,4203],{"class":1927},[43,163732,161634],{"class":49},[43,163734,54],{"class":53},[43,163736,5362],{"class":236},[43,163738,800],{"class":53},[43,163740,5434],{"class":236},[43,163742,8662],{"class":53},[43,163744,163745,163747,163749,163751],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,163746,1951],{"class":49},[43,163748,54],{"class":53},[43,163750,23634],{"class":236},[43,163752,227],{"class":53},[14,163754,110],{},[34,163756,163758],{"className":36,"code":163757,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[18,163759,163760,163776],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,163761,163762,163764,163766,163768,163770,163772,163774],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,163763,54],{"class":53},[43,163765,283],{"class":81},[43,163767,13200],{"class":85},[43,163769,283],{"class":81},[43,163771,800],{"class":53},[43,163773,20221],{"class":63},[43,163775,227],{"class":53},[43,163777,163778,163780,163782,163784,163786,163788,163790],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,163779,54],{"class":53},[43,163781,283],{"class":81},[43,163783,36264],{"class":85},[43,163785,283],{"class":81},[43,163787,800],{"class":53},[43,163789,13828],{"class":63},[43,163791,227],{"class":53},[14,163793,163794],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[402,163796,8738,163798,163800,163801],{"id":163797},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[18,163799,64378],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[18,163802,36072],{},[14,163804,133,163805,163807],{},[18,163806,64378],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[14,163809,133,163810,163812],{},[18,163811,36072],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[34,163814,163815],{"className":36,"code":36241,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},[18,163816,163817,163849,163853,163873],{"__ignoreMap":39},[43,163818,163819,163821,163823,163825,163827,163829,163831,163833,163835,163837,163839,163841,163843,163845,163847],{"class":45,"line":46},[43,163820,5318],{"class":207},[43,163822,212],{"class":211},[43,163824,3942],{"class":53},[43,163826,82],{"class":81},[43,163828,13200],{"class":85},[43,163830,82],{"class":81},[43,163832,800],{"class":53},[43,163834,932],{"class":81},[43,163836,36264],{"class":85},[43,163838,82],{"class":81},[43,163840,800],{"class":53},[43,163842,932],{"class":81},[43,163844,36273],{"class":85},[43,163846,82],{"class":81},[43,163848,3955],{"class":53},[43,163850,163851],{"class":45,"line":70},[43,163852,959],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":958},[43,163854,163855,163857,163859,163861,163863,163865,163867,163869,163871],{"class":45,"line":93},[43,163856,6284],{"class":1927},[43,163858,36144],{"class":207},[43,163860,800],{"class":53},[43,163862,36292],{"class":207},[43,163864,4203],{"class":1927},[43,163866,36154],{"class":49},[43,163868,54],{"class":53},[43,163870,5362],{"class":236},[43,163872,8662],{"class":53},[43,163874,163875,163877,163879,163881,163883,163885],{"class":45,"line":962},[43,163876,1951],{"class":49},[43,163878,54],{"class":53},[43,163880,36169],{"class":236},[43,163882,800],{"class":53},[43,163884,36315],{"class":236},[43,163886,227],{"class":53},[14,163888,163889,163890,315],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[189,163891,3894,163892,3827],{"href":92082},[18,163893,36072],{},[29,163895,2162],{"id":2161},[402,163897,5466,163899,5469],{"id":163898},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[18,163900,64378],{},[14,163902,163903],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[402,163905,13023,163907,163909],{"id":163906},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[18,163908,64378],{}," work with different lengths?",[14,163911,163912],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[402,163914,163916,163917,2822],{"id":163915},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[18,163918,64378],{},[14,163920,163921,163922,315],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[18,163923,162529],{},[402,163925,163927,163928,2822],{"id":163926},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[18,163929,64378],{},[14,163931,128287,163932,163934],{},[18,163933,162682],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[402,163936,163938],{"id":163937},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[14,163940,163941],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[29,163943,2229],{"id":2228},[150,163945,163946,163951,163957,163961,163965],{},[153,163947,163948],{},[189,163949,163950],{"href":163469},"How to use zip in Python",[153,163952,163953],{},[189,163954,3894,163955,3827],{"href":92082},[18,163956,36072],{},[153,163958,163959],{},[189,163960,5540],{"href":5912},[153,163962,163963],{},[189,163964,69748],{"href":69671},[153,163966,163967],{},[189,163968,32582],{"href":31407},[2262,163970,163971],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":163973},[163974,163975,163977,163978,163979,163980,163988,163994,164003,164014],{"id":31,"depth":70,"text":32},{"id":161693,"depth":70,"text":163976},"What zip() does",{"id":289,"depth":70,"text":290},{"id":162086,"depth":70,"text":162087},{"id":162263,"depth":70,"text":162264},{"id":162515,"depth":70,"text":163981,"children":163982},"Converting zip() output",[163983,163985,163987],{"id":162526,"depth":93,"text":163984},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162679,"depth":93,"text":163986},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162849,"depth":93,"text":162850},{"id":1062,"depth":70,"text":1063,"children":163989},[163990,163991,163992,163993],{"id":163011,"depth":93,"text":163012},{"id":163128,"depth":93,"text":163129},{"id":163229,"depth":93,"text":163230},{"id":163340,"depth":93,"text":163341},{"id":163473,"depth":70,"text":163995,"children":163996},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163997,163999,164000,164001],{"id":163479,"depth":93,"text":163998},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163520,"depth":93,"text":163521},{"id":163623,"depth":93,"text":163624},{"id":163797,"depth":93,"text":164002},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":2161,"depth":70,"text":2162,"children":164004},[164005,164007,164009,164011,164013],{"id":163898,"depth":93,"text":164006},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163906,"depth":93,"text":164008},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163915,"depth":93,"text":164010},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163926,"depth":93,"text":164012},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163937,"depth":93,"text":163938},{"id":2228,"depth":70,"text":2229},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161535,"description":164015},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944938316]